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COFVRIGHT DEPOSifc 



FENNER'S 

COMPLETE FORMULARY 



L7I 

Sixth Edition of Fenner's Formula?-)*, greatly enlarged, _ 

revised and entirely re-written. 



WORKING FORMULAS 



FOR ALL 



Offk i\i. am) Unofficial Preparations Generally Used ok 
Required in the Practice of Pharmacy and the rlrsy- 
ness of the Chemist, Manufacturing Pharma- 
cist, Manufacturer of Proprietary Med- 
icine, Physician, Perfumer, Etc. 



A COMPLETE FORMULARY AND HAND-BOOK 

Of Valuable Information for Pharmacists, Manufacturers of 
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Preparations, Physicians. 

and Students of Pharmacy and Modicine. ^*~ —» 

AUG 27IH08 

Wpiled and written by 




\ 



B. R E N N E l<t, 



,■',', Fenner'b Work: 
1 Formulary. 



Strtb EMtfon. 



Wis rFIELD, N. V. 
1 888. 






<h 



<b v 



■v- 



?>? 



Bv B. FENNER. 




BUFF A tO , N . 

Matthews, Nqrthrup & Co., Akt- 

Office of the "Buffalo Morning 



PREFACE. 



TI 7HEN, in 1874, the first edition of Fenner's Formulary (then a 
small pamphlet) was issued it was the pioneer in a new field of 
pharmacy, and furnished the first reliable line of formulas for elixirs and the 
so-called Elegant Preparations which were then coming rapidly into use. 

Several editions of this work, each much enlarged and improved, have suc- 
ceeded each other ; but all have been, necessarily, crude and imperfect, repre- 
senting, as they did, the developing stage of the art of Elegant Pharmacy. 

Such as they were, however, they have been received, and adopted by the 
mass of American Pharmacists as the standard authority for the preparation 
of this class of galenicals. 

During the past decade the advance of Pharmacy and the introduction of 
new drugs, chemicals and forms of medicine has been so great, that it has 
outrun the text-books extant, and there has grown up a great want and 
demand for a new and complete work which shall represent the Pharmacy 
of to-day as it is practiced throughout the land. The Pharmacopoeias and 
works of authority are all too conservative — representing only a small part 
of the preparations used. The Dispensatories and other commentaries on 
the Pharmacopoeias partake of the same general characteristics ; while the 
Pharmaceutical Journals ( which are the main repositories of unofficial 
formulas, the record of new preparations and of the advance of Pharmacy ) 
lack the continuity and unity of purpose which is necessary to the value of 
books of reference and practical works on Pharmacy. 

What druggists want, and demand, is a work that in one volume shall give 
reliable formulas for all or most of the preparations required in the polyphar- 
macy of the present day, and in which they are certain to find, at a glance, 
some practical information on all subjects connected with or pertaining to 
the practice of their profession. To make such a work requires patient 
research and ' investigation, extended and repeated experiments, careful 
analyses and syntheses; a thorough knowledge of the wants, conveniences 
and capabilities of pharmacists, and of the practice of pharmacy as it is in 
all parts of the country; an intimate acquaintance with the standard text- 

3 



PREFACE. 



books and pharmaceutical literature of all countries; and, last but not least, 
the ability to collate, compare, condense, classify and arrange, and the genius 
and experience necessary to originate and formulate, preparations useful to 
those engaged in the trade. 

Realizing the requirements of such a work, as well as its necessity, and 
knowing the great amount of time and labor necessary to produce it, the 
author, with great reluctance, and only after repeated solicitation from a 
great number of those who were using the former editions of Fenner's For- 
mulary, undertook the preparation of this volume. To embody in one book 
whatever is valuable to druggists of pharmacy, chemistry, materia medica, 
therapeutics and formula; has been his aim and purpose. How far it may 
fulfill that purpose, those who use it will decide. 

The former editions of this work have been chiefly devoted to the Elegant 
Preparations, such as elixirs, fine syrups, medicinal wines, etc., but it was 
deemed expedient in this edition to include the official preparations as well, 
and whatever else was necessary to make, as its title indicates, A Complete 
Formulary, to which those in search of information may turn, avoiding 
the trouble and annoyance of looking through so many books of reference 
before finding what they seek. 

Many new and, as we think, valuable processes have been introduced, 
which are the outcome of long experience in the preparation of medicines, 
and as such are submitted. 

We have endeavored to make a volume simple, practical, comprehensive, 
and plain — an every-day companion, counsellor and friend. It has been 
written mainly in the workshop or laboratory in the midst of the drugs and 
operations which it describes or directs. As such, no claim is made for its 
literary excellence, but it is earnestly hoped that it may contribute something 
of value to the practice and science of pharmacy, and something of pleasure 
and profit to Pharmacists into whose hands it may fall. 

Westfield, N. Y., August, 1888. 



CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTORY. 

General Plan of the Work, 9 

Weight and Measure Standards, ic 

Heat Measures • 12 

Specific Weight or Gravity, 14 



PART I. 

DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 

Mineral Drugs 17 I Vegetable Drugs, 19 

Elementary Chemical Substances, 18 1 Animal Drugs, 23 

PART II. 
WORKING PROCESSES. 



Dialysis, 

Distillation 

Evaporation 

Expression 

Filtration 

Fineness of Powder, .... 31 



Infusion and Decoction, ... 33 

Maceration 33 

Percolation, 34 

Water-Bath Percolation, . . 40 

Solution, 44 

Washing Precipitates, ... 44 



PART III. 



WORKING FORM1 1. 1 



Abstracta — Abstracts, ... 46 

Aceta — Acetates — Vinegars, 50 

Acida — Acids 55 

.1. tin-res — Ethers, .... 77 

Etheroles or Etherates, . . . 80 

Albumen 83 

Alcolioles — Alcohols, ... 84 

Aldehydes — Aldehyds. ... 96 



Alkalies 97 

Alkaloides — Alkaloids. ... 98 

Ally) 

Aloe— Aloes 

Aluminium 

Ammonium 

Amyl 150 

Amylum — Starches 152 



'34 
135 
r.16 



[41 



CONTENTS. 



Anilina — Anilines, .... 154 

Antimonium — Antimony, . . 155 

Aqua? — Waters, 161 

Argentum — Silver 172 

Arsenicum — Arsenic, . . . 177 

Aurum — Gold 179 

Balsama— Balsams, .... 180 

Barium 187 

Benzinum — Benzin 189 

Benzolum — Benzene — Benzol, 189 

Bismuthum — Bismuth, . . . 191 

Boron 197 

Bromum — Bromine 200 

Butyl or Tetryl 201 

Cadmium 203 

Caesium 204 

Calcium 204 

Carbonium- — Carbon, . . . 210 

Cera- — Waxes, . . . ■. . 214 

Cerata — Cerates 217 

Cerium, 225 

Cetaceum —Spermaceti, . . 226 

Charta? — Papers, 227 

Chemicals 232 

Chloral 233 

Chlorine 235 

Chloroforum — Chloroform, . 237 

Chocolata — Chocolate — Cocoa, 237 

Chromium 238 

Cobaltum — Cobalt, .... 240 

Collodia — Collodions, . . . 240 

Colores — Colors, 244 

Confectiones — Confections — 

Conserves 255 

Cordiales — Cordials, .... 261 

Creasotum — Creasote, . . . 263 

Cuprum — Copper, .... 264 

Cyanogen 267 

Decocta— Decoctions, . . . 267 

Destillata? — Distillates, . . . 270 

Dextrinum — Dextrin, . . . 271 

Dialysatae — Dialysates, . . . 272 

Diastase 273 

Elaterium 274 

Elixiria — Elixirs 274 

Emplastra — Plasters, . . 382 



Emulsiones — Emulsions, . . 394 
Essentia? — Essences — Flavor- 
ing Extracts 408 

Ethyl, 440 

Extracta — Extracts 441 

Extracta Destillata — Distilled 

Extracts 451 

Extracta Fluida — Fluid Ex- 
tracts 453 

Fel Bovis — Ox-Gall 497 

Fermentum — Yeast 498 

Ferrum — Iron 498 

Fluorine, 513 

Gelatina — Gelatin, ... 513 

Glucose and Grape Sugar, . . 515 

Glycerinum — Glycerin, . . . 516 

Glycerita — Glycerites, . . . 517 

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum, 523 

Hydrargyrum — Mercury, . . 523 

Hydrogenium — Hydrogen, . . 532 

Infusa — Infusions, .... 533 

Iodoformum — Iodoform, . . 539 

Iodum — Iodine 540 

Lac — Milk 541 

Lamella? — Discs, 542 

Linimenta — Liniments, . . . 543 

Liquores — Solutions, . . . 546 

Lithium 592 

Lotiones — Lotions 596 

Magnesium, 598 

Maltum — Malt, 603 

Manganese, 613 

Massae — Masses 616 

Mellita — Honeys 618 

Methyl 619 

Mistura? — Mixtures, .... 620 

Mucilagines — Mucilages, . . 630 

Niccolum — Nickel, .... 633 

Nitrogenium — Nitrogen, . . 634 

Olea — Oils, 636 

Oleata — Oleates, 655 

Oleoresina? — Oleo-resins, . . 660 

Opium 664 

Oxygenium — Oxygen, . . . 666 

Pancreatinum — Pancreatin, . 667 

Pepsinum — Pepsin 668 



CONTENTS. 



Peptones, 670 

Petroleum, 671 

Petrolatum 672 

Phenyl 672 

Phosphorus, 673 

Picrotoxinum — Picrotoxin, . . 675 

Piluke — Pills, 675 

Pix — Pitch 694 

Platinum 695 

Plumbum — Lead, 695 

Potassium or Kalium, . . . 699 

Propyl or Trityl, 713 

Pulveres — Powders 713 

Pyroxylinum — Gun Cotton, . 721 

Resins — Resins 722 

Resinoids or Concentrations, . 731 

Sacchara — Sugars 733 

Salicinum — Salicin, .... 736 

Salicyl 736 

Santoninum — Santonin, . . 737 

Sapoes — Soaps 738 

Selenium, 745 

Silicon 745 

Sodium or Natrium 746 

Species — Teas 758 

Spiritus — Spirits, 759 



Stannum — Tin 773 

Strontium, 774 

Succi — Juices, 775 

Sulphur, 778 

Suppositoria — Suppositories, . 782 

Syrupi — Syrups, 790 

Tabellae — Tablets, .... 871 

Tannin or Tannic Acid, . . . 873 

Tellurium, 874 

Thallium, 874 

Theriaca, 874 

Tinctora — Dyes 875 

Tincturae — Tinctures, . . . 880 

Tisanes, 956 

Triturationes — Triturations, . 956 

Trochisci — Troches, .... 956 

Tungsten or Wolframium, . . 967 

Unguenta — Ointments, . . . 967 

Uranium 994 

Urea, 994 

Vanadium, 995 

Vanillin 995 

Vapores — Vapors 995 

Vina — Wines 997 

Zincum — Zinc 1015 



PART IV. 
I III. STANDARD REMEDIES AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. 



Acid Phosphate 1023 

Ague Cures 1023 

Alteratives, 1026 

Anodynes, 1027 

Asthma Remedies 1029 

Balms or Panaceas [03] 

Balsams 1033 

Bitters 1036 

Blood Purifiers, 1044 

Carminatives 1045 ! 

Catarrh Remedies 1047 

Cathartics and Laxatives. . . 1049 

Cholera Cures 1053 

Condition Powders 1055 



Corn, Bunion and Chilblain 

Cures 1059 

Cough Remedies 1061 

Diarrhoea and I ) ysentery Reme- 
dies, 1068 

Dyspepsia Cures, 1070 

Elixirs, Essences and Extracts, 1073 

Eye Waters 1075 

Eye Salves, 1075 

Female Remedies 1076 

Hair Dyes, Restoratives and 

Tonics 1079 

Heart Preparations 1084 

Hypophosphites Compound, . 1085 



8 



CONTENTS. 



Inhalants and Inhalers, . . . 1085 

Injections 1086 

Iodide Alteratives, 1087 

Kidney and Liver Remedies, . 1089 

Liniments, 1092 

Nervines, Hypnotics and Seda- 
tives, 1098 

Ointments and Salves, . . .1102 

Pectorals 1106 

Pills, Plasters and Powders, . 11 07 



Rheumatic Remedies, . . .1108 
Sarsaparilla Compounds, . . iiio 
Soothing and Teething Syrups, 1 1 13 
Salts or Saline Aperients, . .1115 

Specifics 11 17 

Tonics 1 1 18 

Tooth Ache Remedies, . . .1120 

Worm Medicines, 1122 

Unclassified Proprietary Rem- 
edies 1 1 26 



PART V. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 



Bandolines, 1131 

Cosmetics for the Complexion, 11 32 

Dentifrices n 36 

Hair Preparations 11 40 

Cosmetic Ices and Jellies, . .1146 

Lotions for the Complexion, . 1148 

Lip Salves and Cosmetics, . . 11 49 

Nail Cosmetics, 1 1 50 



Perfumes for the Handkerchief, 1 1 50 

Odors of Flowers, 1 1 54 

Colognes and Toilet Waters, .1156 

Sachet Powders, 1 1 59 

Smelling Salts and Pungents, . 11 60 

Toilet Soaps, 1 16 1 

Toilet Vinegars, 1161 

Toilet Waters 1 162 



PART VI. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 



Adhesive Preparations ( Ce- 
ments, Glues, Mucilages, 
Pastes, etc.) 

Baking Powder, 

Cloth Cleaning Compounds, . 

Exterminators, Destroyers and 
Poisons, 



1 163 

1 167 

1 168 



Foods, Prepared 1171 

Inks, Bluings and Blackings, . 1172 
Polishing Preparations, . . .1180 

Preservatives, 11 S3 

Wines and Spiritous Liquors, . 11 84 
Varnishes, 11 92 



1 1 70 Unclassified Preparations, 



'95 



INTRODUCTORY. 



IN the arrangement of the formulas in this volume the plan of numbering 
them has, as in former editions, been adopted. This method saves fre- 
quent repetition of the formulas, makes them convenient for reference, and at 
the same time more particularly designates one from another, as there are in 
many instances several preparations bearing the same name yet differing in 
composition. 

The official preparations are designated by their Latin titles as given in the 
Pharmacopoeias ; but few others are thus distinguished, as they are generally 
called for or prescribed by their more common names. Prominence is also 
given to most of the official and to the elegant preparations by printing them 
in larger type than those of less importance. 

Whenever a material difference exists in the formulas official in the U. S. 
P. and those of the Br., German, French, or other leading pharmacopoeias, 
the composition of the preparation as directed by the different authorities is 
given. Also, when there is any important difference between the U. S. 1880 
and 1870 pharmacopoeia preparations, the same is noted in the formula. 

In the formulas copied from other works, when the original text is followed. 
the source from which they are derived is usually mentioned ; but when for- 
mulas are collated from various sources, and re-arranged, re-written, or re- 
adjusted to suit the plan of this work, their authority is not generally given, 
as they are, mostly, public property, having become such by long 
usage and frequent publication in standard works. 

In conformity with the popular usage in this country the quantities directed 
in the formulas are mostly in the commercial weight and measure of the 
U. S. The attempts to introduce metric weight and measure or parts by weight 
of solids and liquids have not met with a favorable reception in this country, 
although generally used in Continental Europe. 

In the article on weights and measures which follows, directions will be 
found for readily converting weights or measures of one system into those of 
another. 

As this work is intended mainly as a formulary, the description of pharma- 
ceutical apparatus in general use, and the description of medicinal substances, 
except as given under general headings, is mostly omitted ; for the same rea- 
son, the tests of chemicals, etc., are not generally given. A brief general 
description of crude medicinal substances will be found in Tart I., ami the 
general working processes employed in pharmacy are brielly described in 
PART [I. For further descriptions, tests, etc., reference may be made to the 
pharmacopoeias, chemistries and other technical works. The medicinal use 

9 



10 INTRODUCTORY 



and doses of most preparations are briefly given under their formulas, for 
convenient reference. 

The formulas are, as far as is practicable, arranged in classes. The offic- 
ial formulas and those employed in regular pharmacy are included in Part 
III., and are classed according to their pharmaceutical similarity, as elixirs, 
extracts, fluid extracts, spirits, syrups, etc. Chemical elements and radi- 
cals are noted in their alphabetical order, their salts and combinations being 
included under the same general headings — as Sodium and its salts, Potas- 
sium and its salts, etc. 

Standard proprietary remedies are included in Part IV., and classed 
according to their medicinal properties, uses, etc. — as Ague Cures, Catarrh 
Remedies, Cough Remedies, etc. 

Toilet articles and perfumes are given in Part V., and are arranged as 
far as possible according to their uses as Hair Preparations, Handkerchief 
Perfumes, Lotions, etc. 

Miscellaneous Preparations, in which are included those not otherwise 
classified, make up Part VI., and are arranged as far as possible according to 
their uses. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES STANDARDS. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia previous to the 1880 revision and all 
standard American text-books directed troy weight and apothecary measure. 
The present revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia directs metric 
weight and measure whenever definite weight and measure is mentioned, 
but parts by weight are generally directed. The British Pharmacopoeia and 
text-books direct avoirdupois weight and equivalent fluid measure. All of 
the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe direct parts by weight, or metric 
weight and measure. 

The Grain is the equivalent unit of the apothecary, troy and avoirdupois 
systems of weight. Apothecary and troy weight correspond, the terms of 
the former only being used by druggists. 

The Scruple equals 20 grains. It is now seldom used, being expressed in 
grains instead. 

The Drachm equals 60 grains or >s apothecary or troy ounce. 

The Ounce of apothecary or troy weight equals 480 grains or 1-12 of the 
apothecary or troy pound of 5,760 grains. 

The Ounce avoirdupois weight ( American commercial and British phar- 
maceutical standard) equals 437^ grains or 1-16 of the avoirdupois pound 
of 7,000 grains. 

The Pound of apothecary or troy weight equals 5.760 grains or 12 apothe- 
cary or troy ounces of 480 grains. 

The Pound avoirdupois weight ( American commercial and British phar- 
maceutical standard ) equals 7,000 grains or 16 avoirdupois ounces of 437/4 
grains. 

The Gramme is the unit of metric weight. A gramme equals 10 deci- 
grammes or 100 centigrammes or 1,000 milligrammes or 15-43 grains. 



WEIGHT AND MEASURE STANDARDS. 11 



The Kilogramme equals iooo grammes or 35.27 av. ounces, and is equiv- 
alent to the litre. 

A Cubic Centimetre of water at 4' C. ( 39/ F. ) weighs a gramme ; there- 
fore the gramme and cubic centimetre are equivalent. It equals 16^ minims. 

The Litre is the unit of metric fluid measure, and equals 1,000 cubic centi- 
metres, or 10 decilitres or 100 centiliters or 33.84 Am. fl.ounces. 

The Minim is a variable expression of fluid measure — the 480th part of a 
fluid ounce. The minim of American fluid measure of water at its greatest 
density weighs about 0.95 grain, being the 480th part of the American fluid 
ounce of 455.7 grains of water. The British minim being the 480th part of 
the British fluid ounce of 437^ grains of water — weighs about 0.91 grain. 

The Fluid Drachm equals 60 minims or y% fluid ounce. 

The American Fluid Drachm of water weighs 56.96 grains, being l /i of 
the American fluid ounce of 455.7 grains of water. 

The British Fluid Drachm of water weighs 54.68 grains, being y% of the 
British fluid ounce of 437 >< grains of water. 

The Fluid Ounce equals 480 minims or 8 fluid drachms. 

The American Fluid Ounce of water weighs 455.7 grains, and is 1-16 of 
the American pint of 7,291.1 grains of water. 

The British Fluid Ounce of water weighs 437 }i grains, and therefore 
corresponds with their weight standard ( avoirdupois ) ounce, it is 1-20 of 
the British Imperial pint. 

The Pint of American fluid measure (28.875 cllD i c inches) equals 7,680 
American minims; 7,291.1 grains of water or 16 fluid ounces of 455.7 grains 
of water, at 60 F. 

The Imperial Pint of British fluid measure (34.659 cubic inches ) equals 
9,600 British minims ; 8,750 grains ( 1 % pounds avoirdupois ) of water or 20 
British fluid ounces of 437^ grains of water at 60" F. 

The Gallon of American fluid measure (231 cubic inches) equals 61,440 
American minims ; 58,328.9 grains of water or 8 American pints. 

I he Imperial Gallon of British fluid measure (277.274 cubic inches) equals 
76,800 British minims ; 70,000 grains ( 10 pounds avoirdupois) of water or 8 
Imperial pints, 

The relation of weight to fluid measure as above stated is calculated for 
distilled water at 15.6 C. (60 F. )• The volume of water increases or 
decreases in a ratio varying with the temperature. At 1 5.6 C. (6o° F.) its 
volume is 1.000938, as compared with 1.000000, its volume at its greatest 
density 4 C. 1 39 F. ). 

To convert the which is of one system into those of another, the following 
simple rules may be observed : To convert 

Troy to Avoirdupois. — Multiply the weight in tr.ounces by 1.097 for close, 
or by 1.1 for ordinary calculations. The product is the weight in av.ounces. 

Avoirdupois to Troy. -Multiply the weight in av.OUnces by 0.9H for 
close, or deduct one tenth for ordinary calculations. The product, or 
is the weight in tr.OUl 



12 INTRODUCTORY 



Metric to Grains. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 15.43. 

Metric to Troy Ounces. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 0.032. 

Metric to Avoirdupois Ounces. — Multiply the weight in grammes by 0.035. 
In ordinary calculations, 28 v, grammes are considered equal to 1 ounce. 

Grains to Grammes. — Multiply the weight in grains by 2, and divide by 
13. The quotient is the weight in grammes. 

Troy to Metric. — Multiply the weight in tr.ounces by 31.1. The product 
is the weight in metric grammes. 

Avoirdupois to Metric. — Multiply the weight in avoirdupois ounces by 
28.35. The product is the weight in metric grammes. 

To convert the measures of one system into those of another, the follow- 
ing simple rules may be observed : To convert 

Apothecary to Imperial Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in apothe- 
cary (1. ounces by 1.041. The product is the measure in Imperial flounces. 

Imperial to Apothecary Fluid Measure. — -Multiply the measure in Imper- 
ial fl.ounces by 0.96. The product is the measure in apothecary fl.ounces. 

Metric to Apothecary Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in cubic 
centimetres by 16X to reduce to minims, or by 0.034 to reduce to 
fl.ounces. The litre equals about 2 pints, 1 y& Am. fl.ounces. 

Metric to Imperial Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in cubic centi- 
meters by 0.035 to reduce to Imperial fl.ounces. 

Apothecary to Metric Fluid Measure. — Multiply the .measure in fl.ounces 
D >' -9-53- The product is the measure in cubic centimeters. In ordinary 
calculations 30 cubic centimeters equal 1 fl. ounce. 

Imperial to Metric Fluid Measure. — Multiply the measure in fl.ounces 
by 28.35. The product is the measure in cubic centimeters. 



HEAT MEASURES. 

The only scales now used to any extent for registering temperature are 
those of Fahrenheit, Reaumur, and Celsius ; the latter being known in most 
countries as the Centigrade scale. The Fahrenheit scale is chiefly used in 
America and Great Britain, the Reaumur in Germany, and the Centigrade in 
France and other countries of Europe, and in scientific calculations in nearly 
all countries. 

Thermometric scales are calculated from the expansion of mercury or alco- 
hol in a small vacuum tube having usually a bulb or reservoir at the bottom. 

The CENTIGRADE scale assumes the temperature at which water freezes 
as o , and the temperature at which it boils with the barometer at 30 inches, 
as ioo , making ioo : between the freezing and boiling point of water. 

The Fahrenheit scale assumes the temperature at which water freezes 
as 32 , and the temperature at which it boils with the barometer at 30 inches, 
as 212 , making 180 between the freezing and boiling point of water. 

The Reaumur scale, which is seldom used in this country, assumes the 
temperature at which water freezes as o°, and the temperature at which it 



HEAT MEASURES. 13 



boils with the barometer at 30 inches, as 8o D , making 80" between the freez- 
ing and boiling point of water. 

The following table shows a comparison of the scales from the freezing to 
the boiling point of water : 

C. F. R. 

Water 100 212 So boils. 

95 203 76 

90 194 72 

S5 185 6S 

So 176 64 

75 167 60 

70 158 56 

65 149 52 

60 140 48 

55 I3i H 

50 122 .... ... 40 

45 "3 36 

40 104 32 

35 95 2S 

30 86 24 

25 ........ 77 20 

20 68 16 

15 59 12 



5 41 4 

Water o 32 o freezes. 

It will be seen by the foregoing scales that a Centigrade degree is r| Fah- 
renheit, or t Reaumur degrees ; that a Fahrenheit degree is f Centigrade, or 
% Reaumur degrees ; and that a Reaumur degree is iX Centigrade, or 2)4 
Fahrenheit degrees. 

The following rules will be found convenient for reducing or converting 
one scale to another : 

To reduce Centigrade to Fahrenheit. 

Rule. — Multiply the given degrees Centigrade by \\ (?), and add 32 to 
the product. 

EXAMPLE. — How many Fahrenheit degrees in 25 Centigrade degrees? 
2 5 j +■ 32—77 Fahrenheit degrees. 

To reduce Reaumur to Fahrenheit. 

RULE. — Multiply the given degrees Reaumur by 2% and add 32 to (lie 
product. 

To reduce Fahrenheit to Centigrade. 

RULE.-- Subtract 32 from the given degrees Fahrenheit and divide the 
remainder by 1 J (|). 

EXAMPLE.— How many Centigrade degrees in 176 Fahrenheit degrees? 
176 — 32-Hj— 80 Centigrade degrees. 

To reduce Fahrenheit to Reaumur. 

RULE. — Subtract 32 from the given degrees Fahrenheit and divide the 
remainder by 2/4 1 \), 

To reduce Reaumur to Centigrade. 

Ri 1. 1.. - Multiply the given degrees Reaumur by \%. 



14 INTRODUCTORY. 



0.80 


R. 


0.44 


R. 


1.25 


C. 


= F 


. degrees. 



To reduce Centigrade to Reaumur. 

Rule. — Multiply t 'lie given degrees Centigrade by \. 

In reducing Fahrenheit to other scales, or vice -versa, 32 is added or sub- 
tracted, because the Fahrenheit scale is marked 32 where the other scales are 
marked o, viz., at the freezing point of water. Bear in mind that in comput- 
ing degrees below o c Centigrade, or Reaumur, the product of the multiplica- 
tion is a minus quantity, and that adding +32 to the minus quantity is the 
same as taking the difference between them. Recent American works on 
Pharmacy and Chemistry give both the Centigrade and Fahrenheit degrees, 
so there is no reason that the druggist should not soon be as familiar with 
the one as the other. 

The temperature at which the specific gravity of substances is usually 
taken and recorded, is 15.6° Centigrade, or 60 Fahrenheit, or 12.4° Reau- 
mur. In making experiments or calculations that require accuracy, this must 
be well understood, and the substances to be used must be brought to this 
temperature. 

SUMMARY. 

i C. = i. So F. = ! 

1 F. = 0.55 C. = 

1 R. = 2.25 F. = 
C. degrees X 9 -=- 5 + 32 
C. " X 4 -*- 5 = R- 

F. " -32 X 5 ■+■ 9 = C. " 
F. " -32 X 4 ■+■ 9 = R- " 
R. " X 9 -*- 4 + 32 = F. 
R. " X 5 -*- 4 = C. 

A unit of heat is the amount of heat necessary to raise a certain quantity 
of water one degree. 

The French unit, called a caloric, is usually adopted. It is the amount of 
heat required to raise one kilo ( 2.204621 5 t1>s. avoirdupois) of water one 
degree centigrade; that is, from o toi C. 

SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR GRAVITY. 

Specific weight or gravity is the weight of a substance compared with the 
weight of an equal volume of some other substance taken as a standard. 

Distilled water at 15.6° C. ( 6o : F. ) is the standard with which all solids 
and liquids are compared to calculate their specific gravity. 

The specific gravity of water is expressed by unity, as 1, 1.00, 1.000, i.ooco, 
etc., substances heavier than water being more than a unit, lighter than 
water, less than a unit, expressed in decimals. 

Air or hydrogen at 15. 6° C. (6o : F. ), and the barometer at 30 inches, are 
the standards with which gases are compared to determine 'their specific 
gravity. 

As applied to pharmacy the specific gravities of solids and liquids only are 
required, therefore the processes for estimating their specific gravity, only, 



SPECIFIC WEIGHT OR GRAVITY. 15 



will be considered in this- article. For the specific gravity of gases our 
readers are referred to the standard works on Chemistry. 

Few druggists are provided with delicate specific gravity apparatus, and 
indeed it is unnecessary that they should be, for a few simple articles, always 
at hand, will suffice for the druggists' purpose as well the most elaborate and 
costly apparatus. A thermometer, a thin bottle and accurate balances or 
scales are all the apparatus required for finding the specific gravity of liquids 
and solids, and druggists seldom need to determine the specific gravity of 
gases. 

The following are the simple directions for 

CALCULATING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS. 

First. — Take a thin bottle that will hold three or four ounces;* paste 
strips of paper on two opposite sides and weigh the bottle accurately, mark- 
ing the weight in grains,+ on one of the strips. Then weigh in the bottle just 
iooo grains of distilled water at a temperature of 15.6"" C. ( 6o : F. ) and mark 
the strips of paper on each side of the bottle just at the surface of the water, 
when the bottle is standing perfectly level. Mark iooo, the weight of the 
water, under the weight of the bottle and add them together for the gross 
weight, then empty the bottle and it is ready for use. 

Second. — Having brought the liquid to be calculated to the required tem- 
perature, 1 5. 6° C. (6o c F.), pour it into the bottle previously used, until its 
surface comes just level with the water-level marks on the strips of paper ; 
then weigh it accurately, noting the gross weight in grains. 

Third. — Find the difference between 'the gross weight of the first and 
second operations. If the weight of the first operation is greater than the 
second, subtract the difference from iooo and point off three places as deci- 
mals. If the weight of the first operation is less than the second, add the 
difference to 1000 and point off three places as decimals. 

Example i. The gross weight of a bottle with iooo grains of water is 
1723 grains; the gross weight of the same volume of a liquid in the same 
bottle is 1 67 1 grains. What is the specific gravity of the liquid ? 

1723 — 1671 = 52 difference. 

— 52 = 0.948 specific gravity of liquid. 

EXAMPLE 2. The gross weight of a bottle with iooo grains of water is 
1723 grains ; the gross weight of the same volume of a liquid is 21 84 grains. 
What is the specific gravity of the liquid ~: 
I -1723 = 461 1 
: 461 = i. 461 specific gravity of liquid. 



* A long-necked bottl.-. that toco grains of water will fill into the neck, is the most 
. Specific gravity bottles, made verj light and designed to hold 100 or 1000 
grains, or 50, 250 or 500 grammes, may be obtain nical iri 

t Metric weight may be used instead of grains. Grains are mentioned 
American druggists are so much more familiar with this weight than with the metrii 
system. 



16 INTRODUCTORY 



This method of determining the specific gravity of liquids is quite accurate, 
and very convenient when the bottle is once prepared. It is also adapted to 
small quantities of liquids as it can be calculated for ioo grains or 10 grains 
in the same general manner. It can be used also for light or heavy liquids, 
which is another convenience. 

The Hydrometer is an instrument used for determining the specific gravity 
of liquids. There are many kinds, but nearly all act on the same principle, 
viz. : The depth to which they sink in the liquid, which is shown by the 
graduated scale in the stem of the instrument. It is not accurate enough for 
fine work, and cannot be used for small quantities of liquids. 

The Hydrometer is principally useful for showing the proof of spirits, the 
degree of acids, syrups, etc., but is not adapted to the general work of calcu- 
lating specific gravity in the business of the pharmacist. 

The spirit Hydrometer will not answer for heavy liquids, nor the acid nor 
syrup Hydrometer for the light liquids. 

The Government Hydrometer for spirits which has the thermometer scale 
attached is of much value in estimating the proof of spirits. 

CALCULATING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOLIDS. 

The druggist is so seldom required to calculate the specific gravity of solids, 
that mere mention, only, of the methods will be given here. 

Solids heavier than water are first weighed in the ordinary way, and then, 
by suspending them to one side of the balance by a fine thread, are immersed 
in water and weighed. The ordinary weight divided by the loss of weight in 
water gives the specific gravity of the solids. 

Solids lighter than water are first weighed, and then attached or tied to 
some heavy metal of known 'weight and specific gravity ; the two substances 
are then weighed and immersed in water together and the loss of weight of 
the lighter substance found by deducting the loss of weight of the heavy 
metal, previously found, from the total loss. The original weight of the 
lighter substance is then divided by its loss of weight in water, as shown by 
the former operation and the result is the specific gravity of the substance. 

Solids soluble in water are first weighed by the balance and then weighed 
suspended in some liquid in which they are insoluble, as Naphtha, Alcohol 
or Oil. The weight in the liquid subtracted from the ordinary weight gives 
the loss of weight ; the ordinary weight is divided by the loss of weight thus 
obtained, and the quotient multiplied by the specific gravity of the liquid in 
which the solid was weighed — this gives the specific gravity of the solid. 

Powdered substances are first weighed, and their weight added to that of 
the specific gravity bottle and iooo grains of water, as described for calculat- 
ing the specific gravity of liquids. The powder is then put in the bottle and 
enough distilled water at 15.6 C. (6o rj F.) added to fill it to the water-level 
marks on the bottle. It is then weighed and its weight subtracted from the 
gross weight previously obtained ; this shows the loss of weight in water. 
The ordinary weight of the powder is now divided by the toss of weight as 
shown by the subtraction ; the quotient is the specific gravity of the powder. 



PART I 



DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES, 



The substances used in the art of pharmacy are obtained 
from every part of the known world, and are selected from 
all departments of the mineral, vegetable, and animal king- 
doms. The mineral kingdom contributes the greater portion, 
the vegetable a great variety, and the animal a fair percentage 
of the substances which are known in the commercial world 
as " Drugs." 

The collection and preparation of " drugs " for the market 
constitutes a very great industry, second in importance to 
none of the commercial industries of the world. In the 
limited space which we have to devote* to this subject, mere 
mention only of what is most important to druggists can be 
made, as its elaboration would, of itself, fill a volume. 



MINERAL DRUGS. 

Nearly every mineral known is, in some form, made use of 
in pharmacy. Minerals and mineral salts were the first sub- 
Stances employed in medicine. The science of chemistry owes 
irly advancement to the researches of the alchemists 
and apothecaries in mineral substances, and the legends of 
medii ine and pharmacy are mainly based upon the wonderful 
powers and qualities attributed to minerals. 

The collection of native mineral substances does not come 
within tin- province of pharmacy, and at present but few 

mineral salts arc prepared by pharmacists. That task", which 

17 



L8 



DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 



was formerly a necessary part of the education and business of 
the apothecary, now being given over to manufacturing chem- 
ists, who have better facilities and conveniences for doing it. 

In chemistry, all elementary mineral substances are called 
bases or radicals, from their property of combining with acids 
to form salts. 

The following table of elementary substances includes the 
minerals, which, with their various combinations and salts, 
comprise a large share of the so-called " chemicals " used in 
pharmacy. 



TABLE OF ELEMENTARY SUBSTANCES. 

U. S. P., 1SS0. 



iLT" Weight 



ELEMENTS. 



Syrn- Atomic 
bol. Weight. lent. 



Aluminium Al 

Antimony Sb 

Arsenic As 

Barium Ba 

Beryllium (Gluci- 

num) Be 

Bismuth Bi 

Boron B 

Bromine Br 

Cadmium Cd 

Caesium Cs 

Calcium Ca 

Carbon 1 C 

Cerium Ce 

Chlorine 2 CI 

Chromium Cr 

Cobalt Co 

Copper Cu 

Didymium Di 

Erbium E 

Fluorine Fl 

Gallium G 

Gold Au 

Hydrogen H 

Indium In 

Iodine I 

Iridium Ir 

Iron Fe 

Lanthanum La 

Lead Pb 

Lithium Li 

Magnesium Mg 

Manganese Mn 

Mercury | Hg 



27 
120 

74-9 
136.8 



79.S 

iii.S 

132,6 

40 

12 

141 

35-4 

52.4 

53-9 

63.2 

144.6 

165.9 

J 9 

68.8 
196.2 

1 
"3-4 
126.6 



192.7 

55-9 
138.5 
206.5 


7 

24 

54 

199.7 



13-5 

120 

74-9 
6S.4 



79.8 
55-9 
132.6 
20 
6 
70.5 
35-4 
26.2 
29-45 
31.6 
72.3 
82.95 

19 

34-4 
196.2 

56.7 
126.6 

96.35 

27-95 

138.5 

103.25 

7 

12 

27 

99-35 



Molybdenum 

Nickel 

Niobium. . . . 
Nitrogen 3 . . . 
Osmium .... 
Oxygen 4 . . . . 
Palladium . . . 
Phosphorus . 
Platinum. . . . 
Potassium . . . 
Rhodium . . . 
Rubidium . . . 
Ruthenium. . 
Scandium. . . 
Selenium. . . . 

Silicon 

Silver 

Sodium 

Strontium. . . 
Sulphur 5 .. . . 
! Tantalum. . . 
Tellurium . . 
I Thallium . . . 
Thorium. . . . 

Tin 

Titanium . . . 
Tungsten . . . 
Uranium . . . 
Vanadium . . 
Ytterbium. . . 
Ytterium.. . . 

Zinc 

Zirconium . . 



Mo 

Ni 

Nb 

N 

Os 

O 

Pd 

P 

Pt 

K 

Rh 

Rb 

Ru 

Sc 

Se 

Si 

Ag 

Na 

Sr 

S 

Ta 

Te 

Tl 

Th 

Sn 

Ti 

W 

U 

V 

Yb 

V 

Zn 

Zr 



95-5 

58 

94 

14 
198.5 

16 
105.7 

31 
194-4 

39 
104. 1 

85-3 
104.2 

44 

78.8 

28 
107.7 

23 

87.4 

32 
1S2 
12S 
203.7 
233 
H7.7 

48 
183.6 
238.5 

51-3 
172.7 



42-75 

29 

94 

14 

99-25 
8 

52.85 

3i 

97.2 

39 

52.05 

85-3 

521 

22 

39-4 

14 
107.7 

23 

43-7 

16 

1S2 

64 
203.7 
116.5 

58.85 

24 

91.8 
119-25 

51-3 
172.7 



64.9 32.45 
90 45 



Carbon : 11.9736. 

1 ( >xygen : 15.9633. 



- Chlorine : 35.370. 

5 Sulphur: 31. 



Nitrogen: 14.021 



DRUGS AXD MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 19 



Inorganic Chemical Products. 

The process by which substances unite to form other sub- 
stances or compounds is called chemical action, and the force 
with which they so unite is called chemical attraction or affinity ; 
mineral chemical substances are called inorganic; vegetable 
and animal chemical substances are called organic. 

Inorganic Chemical products are produced by the union of 
mineral bases with acids, and the salts thus composed consti- 
tute a large share of the chemicals of pharmacy and commerce. 
The salts thus formed bear the names both of the base and 
acid of which they are composed ; for examples, acetate of 
potassium or potassium acetate, sulphate of iron or ferrous 
sulphate, bi-chloride of mercury or mercuric chloride, etc. 

The names of chemical salts are distinguished by certain 
prefixes or terminations, which indicate in a measure the pro- 
portions of the combinations. For a full understanding of 
these, and chemical nomenclature in general, the reader is 
referred to standard words of chemistry. 



VEGETABLE DRUGS. 

By far the greater number of substances used in medicine 
are of vegetable origin. Nearly every plant that grows has at 
one time or another played its part in the history of Pharmacy, 
and newly-discovered ones, with "wonderful virtues," are still 
being brought to light from " lands beyond the sea." 

Hut little attention is now given by Pharmacists to gathering 
and curing vegetable drugs ; that branch of the business, which 
was in former time an important part of the trade of the 
Apothecary, being given over to collectors and others who 
have better facilities for carrying it on. Vegetable substances 
are, or should be, gathered at the season when they contain 
the greatest amount of medicinal value, and are prepared for 
market in various ways, which depend largely upon the intel- 
ligence, experience and convenience of the collectors. 

A brief mention of crude vegetable drugs, and the methods 



20 DRUCiS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 

employed for preparing them for the market may not be 
superfluous. 

Balsams. — Main- substances of quite different consistence 
and composition are classed as Balsams. They are generally 
gathered by puncturing pustular cells in the bark, or by making 
cuts or incisions in the bark or wood of certain trees or plants. 
They are liquid, semi-solid or solid. 

Barks. — Barks are gathered in the early spring just after 
the sap has started to flow. The bark ma}' then be readily 
stripped from the branches, trunk or root, and it contains as 
much or more medicinal value than at any other season. The 
bark from twigs or small branches is easiest removed by 
heating them over a fire and then pounding them with a billet 
of wood. The trunk-bark of trees is generally removed in 
slabs or strips, the outer portion being shaved or hewed off and 
discarded, the inner bark only being used ; the root-bark has 
usually to be shaved off. Barks are dried in the open air or 
by moderate heat in kilns, evaporators, or other heating appa- 
ratus, and come into the market in the form of quills, small 
slabs, stripes, or broken in small pieces. They are then cut. 
crushed, ground, or powdered as desired for sale or use. 

Berries. — Under the common name of berries are included 
many of the smaller fruits, like strawberry, raspberry, etc.; the 
small fleshy fruits, like juniper, ash, and laurel, and the dry, un- 
ripe berries, like cubeb, spice, and pepper. The juices of some 
berries are used, while others are gathered and dried by suit- 
able heating apparatus, to prepare them for the market. 

Buds. — A few kinds of leaf-buds, like Balm of Gilead, are 
gathered, dried, and used in medicine ; but the term is usually 
used in Pharmacy to designate undeveloped flower-buds, of 
which cloves and cassie-buds are examples. They are gathered 
in their proper season, and dried in the open air for the 
market. 

Flowers. — Flowers should be gathered in their early blos- 
soming before they have passed their prime ; many, even, are 
best gathered when the buds are opening. They are usually 
gathered with as little of the stalk as possible, except in the case 
of plants and herbs, which are gathered entire at the season of 



DRUGS AND .MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 21 



flowering. Flowers should be dried with as little exposure as 
possible, and packed away in a dry, cool place. 

Fruit. — Fruit is a botanical name for all kinds of vegetable- 
growths enclosing and including seeds ; but different kinds of 
fruit are classed and named according to their peculiarities : as 
fleshy fruits, of which apples and berries are examples, stone 
fruits, of which the peach and cherry are examples, and dry 
fruits, which include nuts, capsular and other dry fruits, seeds, 
etc. Fruits are generally gathered when the seeds are ripe, 
and are dried, preserved, or otherwise treated according to 
their nature and use. Fleshy and stone fruits should be dried 
in an evaporator or other suitable drying apparatus, while the 
dry fruits are either sufficiently dry when ripe, or maybe dried 
in the open air. Many of the fruits are classed commercially as 
berries, nuts, seeds, capsules, etc. 

Gums and Gum-Resins. — Among the natural vegetable 
substances which are collected and put upon the market, a 
certain class of gums and gum-resins may be included. They 
are the exudations from plants either from the stings of 
insects, or from incisions made for the purpose of collecting the 
gum or gum-resin. The collection of gums and their prepara- 
tion for the market forms a very large and important industry. 

Besides the gums and gum-resins, there are many substances 
known commercially as gums which are of an entirely different 
character — as opium, which is a concreted juice, and catechu, 
which is properly an extract. 

Herbs. — In pharmacy herbs are understood to be the 
upper portion of small plants, including the leaves, flowers and 
small stalks, the larger stalks and roots being discarded. 
( onmiercially, the smaller plants, which are gathered entire, are 
also classed with herbs. Herbs should generally be gathered 
when in blossom, carefully dried without artificial heat, and 
packed away in a cool, dry place. 

Plants. Plants, as the term is understood botanically, include 
all vegetable-growths, great or small ; but in pharmacy the name 
is generally applied to small plants which are gathered and 

used entire. They should be gathered about the season of 
flowering, and dried without artificial heat. 



22 DRUGS AND MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 

Leaves. — Leaves should be gathered when the plants or trees 
arc at their fullest prime. With plants, this is generally a little 
before the flowering season ; and with trees and shrubs, usually a 
little before the ripening of the fruit. Leaves should be dried 
without artificial heat and packed away in a cool, dry place. 

Nuts. — Nuts are properly classed with fruits. They are 
gathered when ripe, thoroughly dried and prepared in various 
ways for the market. 

Roots. — Commercially considered, roots are the parts of 
plants which grow in the ground; in pharmacy, however, they 
are divided into several classes according to their nature — as 
root, rhizome, rootlets, bulb, cormus, tuber, etc., the three latter 
not being properly classed with roots. Roots should generally 
be gathered after the leaves are off the plants in the fall, or before 
they start in the spring. The bark, only, of many woody roots 
is used, while some are gathered entire, being cut, sliced, 
crushed or otherwise prepared for market. The rhizome is 
the main portion of the root or rootstock, to which the root- 
lets, if any, are attached. Of the roots which consist of 
rhizome and rootlets, some are used entire, while others, only 
the rhizome or rootlets may be used. 

The bulb, cormus and tuber are classed with roots com- 
mercially, but are botanically dissimilar. Bulbs are usually 
sliced and dried ; cormus and tuber ma)- be sliced or dried 
whole. 

Seeds. — Many of the so-called " seeds," as caraway, carda- 
mom, coriander, fennel, etc., are classed in pharmacy as fruit. 
The botanical distinction being, that when two or more 
separate seeds are enclosed by a pericarp or envelope, the 
structure is called fruit, while the seed itself is a single ovule, 
containing the embryo and its nutriment. Seeds are generally 
gathered when ripe and dried if necessary by natural heat. 
Some of the fruits which are commercially classed as seeds 
require artificial heat. 

Woods. — The greater part of the woods used in the drug- 
business are for dyeing purposes. A few, however, are used as 
medicine. They are generally furnished to druggists in chips, 
or shavings, or ground to the proper fineness for use. 



DRUGS AXD .MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 23 



Pharmaceutical and Chemical Products. 

The man}- products which are derived from vegetable sub- 
stances may conveniently be classed *as pharmaceutical and 
chemical. In the former class ma}- be included such as are 
generally prepared by pharmacists in their business, and in 
the latter, such as are usually prepared by the larger manu- 
facturing chemists. Of the former class, fluid extracts, solid 
extracts, tinctures, spirits, syrups, etc., and of the latter, the 
alkaloids and their salts, vegetable acids, alcohol and distilled 
spirits, etc., ma)- be mentioned. 



ANIMAL DRUGS. 

But few animal substances, comparatively, are used in medi- 
cine, yet in the aggregate the drugs derived from the animal 
kingdom form quite a percentage of the druggists' stock. 

In the early days of medicine, animal substances were used 
to a great extent — the most ridiculous and foolish use being- 
made of them — but, as the science of medicine has emerged 
from its early superstitions, they have been mostly dropped, 
and only such as are of known value retained. 

The fats and oils obtained from animal tissue constitute the 
greater portion of animal-matter used in pharmacy. Some ex- 
pensive animal substances, such as musk and ambergris are used 
quite extensively in perfumer)-. Pepsin, pancreatin, albumen, 
the meat extracts, etc., arc used internally. Cantharides is 
most used externally, and many other animal substances have 
various uses in medicine or pharmacy. 

Pharmaceutical and Chemical Products. 

The pharmaceutical products prepared from animal sub- 
stances are mainly the cerates, ointments and plasters, in 
which animal fats and wax arc used as bases. Several 
tinctures also are prepared from animal substances, such as 
cantharides, castor, musk, etc. The chemical products consist 
mainly of a few alkaloids and their salts, and may Include 
pepsin, pancreatin. etc., as they are not usually prepared 
except by manufacturing establishments. 



PART II. 



WORKING PROCESSES. 



The processes which are here noted are such as druggists do 
or may employ in their business, without expensive apparatus 
or special pharmaceutical education. Many other processes 
are employed by chemists and large manufacturers which it 
would be needless to detail here, as they would not be used by 
druggists generally. 



DIALYSIS. 

The process by which certain substances are separated from 
other substances with which they are combined in solution, 
by means of the diffusibility of liquids through a thin mem- 
brane, is called Dialysis. 

The physical principle, involved in this operation, is that 
of the diffusion of liquids, called endosmosis and exosmosis. 
Although this process is not officinal, it may be frequently 
employed to advantage in pharmacy, and it no doubt merits 
more consideration than it has hereto- 
fore received. 

In pharmacy, dialysis is employed 
to separate what are known as colloid 
(glue-like) substances, from their com- 
bination in solution with crystallizable 
substances. This is accomplished by 
means of an apparatus called a Dialyzer, 
imple form of which is here illustrated. 
This apparatus may be made by any druggist, without 
expense, and is sufficient for the requirements of most retail 
dealers. Larger apparatus maybe made on the same principle. 

24 



< SP# 




WORKING PROCESSES — DIALYSIS. 25 



It consists of an ordinary white glass 7-inch lamp-shade, the 
bottom of which is covered over with parchment paper, which 
is large enough to extend up the sides of the shade nearly two 
inches, and which is held in place by two rubber bands. The 
solution to be dialysed is placed in the apparatus thus 
constructed, and floated on distilled water, contained in any 
convenient earthenware vessel. (An earthenware milk-pan 
which is shown in the cut, is convenient for this purpose, or an 
ordinary wash-bowl may be used.) The dialyzer may be 
suspended by a string from above, or set upon bottles in the 
earthenware vessel, so that the surface of the liquid in the 
dialyzer may be about on a level with the surface of the water 
in the vessel. 

Parchment paper for this purpose may be made by immersing 
firm, unsized paper in a mixture of two measures of Sulphuric 
Acid with one measure of water, and afterward washing it 
thoroughly with pure water to remove all traces of acid. It 
may also be bought, at a small price, of jobbers or dealers in 
pharmaceutical apparatus. 

Dialysis is applicable only to aqueous solutions, and the 
process is used sometimes to obtain the colloid, and sometimes 
the crystalloid, principles from their solutions. The colloid 
substances are always retained in the floating vessel or dialyzer, 
while the crystalloid substances are found in the water with 
which the dialysis is conducted. In working the process to 
obtain tin: colloid substances, the water in the vessel should 
be changed every day ; but in working it to obtain the crystal- 
loids, as little water as is necessary for the purpose should be 
used, for it has subsequently to be evaporated to obtain the 
crystallizable substance. Gum arabic is a familiar example of 
a colloid, and sugar, of a crystalloid substance. If they are 
both represented in a solution, the gum will be retained in the 
floating vessel, while the sugar will gradually be transferred 
to tin- water, in which it floats. 

In conducting the process of dialysis it should be continued 
so long as the water in the lower vessel contains appreciable 
traces of tin- soluble crystalloid, or other substance, which the 
process is designed to remove. Dialysed iron is probably the 
most familiar colloid preparation made by dialysis. 



WORKING PROCESSES — DISTILLATN >N. 



DISTILLATION. 

The process of vaporizing a liquid or other substance, by the 
aid of heat, and then condensing the vapor to a liquid by cold, 
in an apparatus called a still,* is known as Distillation. 

This process is used for separating liquids of a less from 
those of a greater specific gravity; for separating liquids from 
soluble substances which they hold in solution ; for separating 
volatile substances from grosser matter with which they are 
associated, and for purifying and freeing liquids from objec- 
tionable matter. 

As applied to pharmacy, distillation is employed for recov- 
ering alcohol from many preparations which are required to be 
concentrated by evaporation, such as fluid extracts, solid ex- 
tracts, etc., for distilling medicinal waters and spirits, for obtain- 
ing ethers, essential oils, etc., and for many other purposes. 

Although distillation is frequently directed in the Pharma- 
copoeia, no advice nor instructions are given in regard to it, it 
being assumed that druggists are sufficiently familiar with the 





* Fenner's Water-bath and Still is a convenient, simple apparatus 
for evaporating and distilling. It consists of a cylindrical, shallow vessel, A, 
into which is fitted the shallow evaporating 

pan, B (which 

serves as the 

vessel for open 

evaporation, 

and also for 

evaporation 

during distilla- 
tion) ; and the 

SECTIONAL VIEW. COIlical Still IlENNER,S Water -^ATH AND STILL. 

top, 6", in which the vapor, which rises, is condensed during the process of 
distillation. This apparatus is constructed specially for evaporating and 
distilling; it is low and shallow, having a large bottom surface, fitting it well 
for rapid evaporation and distillation. Fenner's Water-bath Percolator and 
Still may be employed for the same purposes, but as it is constructed for 
percolation also, corresponding sizes do not present so large a surface for 
evaporation and distillation as does the Water-bath and Still. 

Druggists will find it a great convenience to have the Water-bath and 
Still, as well as the Water-bath Percolator and Still, for they are often both 
required at the same time. 



WORKING PROCESSES — EVAPORATION. 27 



process to enable them to conduct it properly. A few sugges- 
tions, however, may not here be amiss. 

To distill medicated waters or other aqueous substances no 
water-bath is required, the distillation of such liquids being 
more rapid, and equally as satisfactory, without it. If herbs, 
leaves, flowers, seeds or other similar substances are to be 
distilled, they should be protected from contact with the 
bottom of the still by a false bottom, so that they may not 
"scorch," and sufficient water should be used with them to 
prevent the extract which collects at the bottom from " burn- 
ing down." At least, double the quantity of water that is 
taken of the drug should be used. 

To obtain oils from medicinal plants, seeds, etc., the most 
approved method is to pass a current of steam through the 
herbs, or other substances, by which the particles of oil are 
vaporized and carried over with the steam and condensed, 
being afterwards gathered from the surface of the water. 

To distill or recover Alcohol or any substance of less 
specific gravity than water, the liquid should be placed in the 
water-bath and the heat communicated to it, by heating the 
water surrounding it. The boiling point of the alcohol or 
other lighter liquid being lower than the boiling point of 
water, it is vaporized and condensed in the still ; the heavier 
liquids and extractive matter remaining in the water-bath. 

When drugs are percolated with alcohol, or a partly alco- 
holic menstruum, the menstruum remaining in the drug can be 
recovered by transferring the moist drug to the water-bath of 
the still and distilling in the usual manner. If the water-bath 
percolator and still is used, it is unnecessary to transfer the 
drug, as the still top can be adjusted, heat applied, and the 
distillation completed without further trouble. 

The process of distillation is a very important and economical 
one in pharmacy, and is much less employed than it should be. 



EVAPORATION. 

As applied to pharmacy, evaporation is the process by 
which, with tin: aid of heat, the volume <>!' liquids or other 
substance may he reduced. It is employed for many purposes 



28 W< >RKING PR( >( ESSES — EVAPORATION. 



in the practice of pharmacy, and is so familiar to druggists, 
that but little need be said regarding it in this article. 

The vessels used for evaporating should be broad and low, or 
shallow, to give a larger surface for the application of heat and 
the escape of vapor. Evaporating dishes are made of glass, 
iron (enameled or glazed), platinum, porcelain, tin, etc. 

Heat is applied in various ways for the purpose of evapo- 
rating — by the ordinary methods, by water-bath, sand-bath, 
steam, heated air, etc. 

For rapid evaporation, heat over an open fire or by means of 
steam is best ; but for making many preparations, such as 
extracts, fluid extracts, etc., slower evaporation is necessary, 
that the preparation may not be injured by the heat. For 
this purpose the water-bath* is the most convenient for drug- 
gists' use, as by it the heat can be regulated and maintained 
at any desired temperature. In large establishments the 
vacuum pan, which is still better for the purpose, is employed. 
This consists of a large pan and chamber covering it, from 
which the air is removed by means of an air-pump, causing 
the liquid in the pan to evaporate at a much lower temperature 
than in the open air. 

The most serviceable, cheap, evaporating dish, is the ordi- 
nal'}- granite-iron stove skillet, or frying-pan. Any ordinary 
evaporating dish may be set in a vessel of water, which wall 
answer as a water-bath. A sand-bath may be made by partly 
filling an iron basin with sand and setting the evaporating 
dish in it. 

For very slow evaporation a warming closet may be made, 
by fastening a box against the wall and heating it with a lamp 
placed underneath a hole in the bottom ; smaller holes should 
also be provided in the upper surface for the escape of vapor. 
This box can be so arranged with shelves that a number of 
evaporating dishes may be placed in it at the same time. 



*The water-bath which forms a part of Fenner's Water-Bath axd 
Still is very convenient for the purpose of evaporation. It is shown in 
the sectional view on page 26 by the vessels A and B. Fenner's Water- 
Bath PERCOLATOR (see page 41 ) may also be used for the same purpose, it 
being necessary only to put the liquid to be evaporated into the percolator 
and leave off the cover. 



EXPRESSION — FILTRATION. 



EXPRESSION. 

The process of expression is employed more or less for many 
uses in pharmacy, the apparatus and manner of working being 
governed by what is required to be done. 

In making tinctures, fluid extracts, etc., a considerable 
quantity of menstruum is left in the drug after the percolation 
is completed, and it is economy to recover it by pressure in a 
tincture press or other suitable apparatus ; pressure is also 
employed as the chief operation in some processes for making 
fluid extracts (see Fluid Extracts). In choosing a tincture 
press for any purpose, it is not economy to get the smallest 
sizes, a one- or two-gallon press being none too large for most 
pharmaceutical work. The drugs to be expressed should be 
inclosed in a coarse burlap bag or cloth, and the pressure 
should be long continued rather than too quick and forcible, 
that the liquid may have time to become separated from the 
drugs. In pressing pulpy or mucilaginous drugs it is an 
advantage to mix them with some loose non-absorbing 
material, rice chaff, for example, to facilitate the operation. 
Fruit juices, in a small way, are best expressed by hand pres- 
sure, except such fruits as lemon, orange, etc., which can be 
pressed with a lemon squeezer. In a large way, fruit may be 
pressed in large wooden presses, the layer presses being the 
best variety for this purpose. In using small presses nothing 
is gained by trying to press too much at a time, the operation 
being more satisfactory in moderate quantities. 

There are several good kinds of presses to be had for phar- 
maceutical purposes, the " Enterprise " being as convenient 
and serviceable as any. There are several so-called " pressure 
percolators" now sold, but, in our opinion, they arc not con- 
venient percolators, and they certainly fail to do the work of 
a press. 

FILTRATION. 

The process of separating insoluble matter from liquids, by 

means <>f any substance or medium which will prevent iis 

passage, is called filtration. 



30 WORKING PROCESSES — FILTRATION. 



Filtration, as it is employed in pharmacy, is usually conducted 
by means of filtering paper contained in a conical receptacle 
called a funnel ;* but larger operations are carried on by other 
contrivances which will admit of a more rapid filtration. 

The process of filtration is so familiar that it needs no 
explanation ; but a few suggestions are here made for the 
benefit of the inexperienced. 

In filtering a liquid which contains a precipitate (unless the 
precipitate is designed to clear the liquid, as magnesia or 
pumice-stone are used) the liquid should be poured carefully 
off and filtered first, the precipitated portion being added after 
most of the liquid has passed through the filter; this makes 
the process more rapid. 

The first portion that passes through the filter should be 
returned to it and re-filtered, as, when the filter is dry, it 
admits of the passage of small particles which are retained 
when its fibers have had time to swell by the absorption of 
moisture. 

In filtering liquids containing albuminous or gummy pre- 
cipitates, it is also advantageous to put a coarse cotton cloth 
strainer on the inside of the filter paper ; this catches the pre- 
cipitate or albuminous substance, which may be removed with 
it, or in which it may be pressed to strain out the liquid, and 
thus make the filtration more rapid. 

* Fenner's Spiral Filter Rack is a convenience for keeping the 
filtering paper off the sides of the funnel when filtering. It is made of 
tinned steel wire, of different sizes to fit 
different size funnels. 

It is simple, cleanly, durable, efficient and 
cheap. The cut shows it as it is adjusted in 
the funnel ready for use. 

Heat often assists the process of filtering 
heavy liquids or oils. It may be conveniently 
applied by putting a filter inside of Fenner's 
water-bath percolator, and applying heat by 
means of the water-bath. For supporting 
the funnel during filtration, Fenner's Funnel 
Rack, which is shown in the cut, is very con- 
venient. 

Further remarks on filtering will be found in the article on " Economy in 
Percolating and Filtering," page 39. 




FINENESS OF POWDER. 31 

A plaited filter is generally used, except when a filter-rack 
is employed, then the ordinary folded (quartered) filter is used. 

Besides filtering through paper, other means are often 
employed by druggists. Syrups and heavy liquids may be 
filtered through a flannel or cotton strainer, or felt filters that 
are made expressly for this purpose. Charcoal and sand, in 
alternate layers, are employed for filtering light liquids when 
larger quantities are to be filtered. 

A little charcoal in powder, or powdered pumice-stone 
sprinkled in the filter, will often assist to clear preparations 
that are difficult to filter clear. 



FINENESS OF POWDER. 

To properly obtain the soluble constituents of drugs by the 
process of percolation, they should be so comminuted or divided 
that the menstruum may readily dissolve all soluble matter. 

To this end, different drugs are directed to be reduced to 
different degrees of fineness as experience has shown to be 
best suited to their nature. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia has adopted the following 
standard for the fineness of powders: 

( should pass through a \ 
A very fine powder - sieve having 80 or more \ equals No. 80 powder. 

( meshes to the linear inch, ) 

( should pass through a ) 
A fine powder - sieve having 60 meshes to > equals No. 60 powder. 

( the linear inch, ) 

, , . . . 1 should pass through a ) 

A moderately fine \ . , \ f / , „ 

- sieve having 50 meshes to V equals No. ;o powder. 
pow.hr ; .' s ? ' - ' 

f the linear inch, ) 



A moderately coarse 



should pass through a J 
- sieve having 40 meshes to r equals No. 40 powder. 
( the linear inch, ) 

1 should pass through a ) 
/ oarse powder - sieve having 20 meshes to V equals No. 20 powder. 
( the linear inch, ) 

Other degrees of fineness than ■ the foregoing are often 
directed. 



32 FINENESS OF POWDER. 

It is desirable for the purpose of percolation that the pow- 
der used should be as uniform as possible, it is therefore 
directed in the Pharmacopoeia that " not more than a small 
proportion of the powder should be able to pass through a 
sieve having ten meshes or more to the linear inch." While this 
direction is valuable for securing a uniform powder and there- 
by promoting the process of percolation, it is, in our opinion, 
unwise to specify this limit ; for in reducing drugs to different 
fineness of powder by any process which druggists may com- 
mand, it is obvious that, unless the powder is very fine, quite a 
proportion of it will be much finer than the coarsest powder 
which will pass through the sieve having the required number of 
meshes to the inch. If this portion is separated from the coarser 
powder by sifting, that which remains will not truly represent 
the entire substance of the drug from which it was prepared. 

In preparing a powder, therefore, for percolation the entire 
quantity of drug which is taken should be reduced to a powder 
that will pass through a sieve having the required number of 
meshes ; or, if this produces a powder too fine for successful 
percolation, a coarser sieve should be used ; for it is better to 
use a coarser powder than to remove any portion of the drug 
which would be represented by the finer powder. 

For the reasons stated the powders directed in the formula? 
of the U. S. P., are, as a rule, too fine for successful percolation 
by the majority of druggists, and better results will be secured 
by using about one grade coarser powder than is designated. 

Drugs are usually reduced to the required degree of fineness 
for percolation by grinding in a drug mill, but when finer pow- 
ders are required the old, time-honored mortar and pestle 
comes into play. But few druggists, however, attempt to make 
what are known in the market as " powdered drugs." They 
are usually bought of reliable houses who make a business of 
putting them up. 

Drugs "ground for percolation " may also be bought in the 
market, but as the}- always come in bulk without the guarantee 
of a reliable house, they are liable to adulteration, or to be 
ground from old or worthless drugs, and it is much better for 
the druggist to grind them himself, as needed, from reliable 
crude drugs. 



INFUSION AND DECOCTION — MACERATION. 33 



INFUSION AND DECOCTION. 

The process of INFUSION consists in steeping drugs at a 
temperature below the boiling point of water, in an aqueous 
or other menstruum, for the purpose of extracting their solu- 
ble medicinal constituents. For this purpose, "infusion pots," 
which contain a perforated cup or receptacle for the drug, 
which is surrounded by hot water during the operation, are 
furnished by manufacturers of chemical ware. A covered 
granite-ware, or earthen-ware, vessel will answer the same 
purpose ; the Avater-bath percolator is however the best 
adapted of any apparatus for the purpose of infusion, as the 
heat can be maintained and the liquid drawn off by the stop- 
cock whenever it is desired. For making infusions, boiling 
water is usually poured upon the drug and the heat continued 
to nearly the boiling point for from one to two hours. 

The process of DECOCTION consists in boiling the drugs in 
an aqueous menstruum for fifteen minutes or longer to obtain 
their soluble properties. This may be done in an open or 
covered vessel, but the process is now but little employed. 
The water-bath percolator is a very convenient apparatus for 
decoctions, as the heat may be maintained to boiling for any 
length of time, and the liquid then drawn off by the stop-cock. 



MACERATION. 



When percolation came to be the officinal process for ex- 
hausting drugs, maceration, the process of our forefathers, 
was mostly abandoned, but we are glad to see that in the pres- 
ent pharmacopoeia its value is again recognized, and that 
many preparations, which have of late been made by percola- 
tion, arc now again made by maceration. In addition to this, 
the new pharmacopoeia, in making most of the tinctures and 
some extracts, gives the very much needed direction to 
macerate twenty-four hours with a portion of the menstruum 
before packing in the percolator. Maceration is the necessary 
primary Step to successful percolation. It softens the drug. 



34 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 



dissolves its soluble properties and loads the menstruum with 
them, ready to be carried away by the subsequent process of 
percolation. 

The new British Pharmacopoeia (1885) directs maceration 
for from twenty-four to forty-eight hours as a preliminary step 
to percolation in making tinctures, etc. The German, French, 
and other continental European authorities direct maceration 
mainly for obtaining the strength of drugs ; and although 
percolation, when properly conducted, has great advantages 
over any other process for obtaining the strength of drugs, 
without maceration it fails to accomplish its full purpose. 

Whenever percolation is employed, sufficient time should be 
given for maceration to loosen and dissolve the soluble proper- 
ties of the drug. If alcohol is the menstruum employed, the 
maceration may be conducted after packing the percolator; 
but if water forms a portion of the menstruum, the drug 
should first be macerated with a portion of the menstruum 
sufficiently long to allow it to swell before it is packed in the 
percolator. 

Any convenient covered vessel may be used for macerating 
drugs designed to be percolated. For small quantities, glass, 
specie or salt mouth jars, earthen-ware fruit jars, or covered 
granite-ware stew-pans, are very convenient, even tin cans will 
not be injurious for most drugs. Drugs to be thus macerated 
should be thoroughly moistened with a portion of the men- 
struum and covered to prevent exposure and evaporation. 
When preparations are prepared entirely by maceration, the 
drugs should be put in a suitable glass jar or vessel, the men- 
struum added, and be frequently agitated for several days. 



PERCOLATION. 



The directions for percolation are very complete and minute 
in the present pharmacopoeia ; they are therefore repeated 
here in full ; 

•• The process of percolation or displacement directed in this (1880) Phar- 
macopoeia consists in subjecting a substance or substances in powder con- 
tained in a vessel called a percolator, to the solvent action of successive 



WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 35 



portions of menstruum, in such a manner that the liquid as it traverses the 
powder in its descent to the recipient, shall be charged with the soluble portion 
of it, and pass from the percolator free from insoluble matter. 

" When the process is successfully conducted, the first portion of the 
liquid or percolate, passing through the percolator will be nearly saturated 
with the soluble constituents of the substance treated ; and if the quantity of 
menstruum be sufficient for its exhaustion, the last portion of the percolate 
will be destitute of color, odor and taste, other than that possessed by the 
menstruum itself. 

" The percolator most suitable for the quantities contemplated by this Phar- 
macopoeia should be nearly cylindrical, or slightly conical, with a funnel- 
shaped termination at the smaller end. The neck of this funnel-end should 
be rather short, and should gradually and regularly become narrower toward 
the orifice, so that a perforated cork, bearing a short glass tube, may be 
tightly wedged into it from within until the end of the cork is flush with its 
outer edge. The glass tube, which must not protrude above the inner surface 
of the cork, should extend from one and one-eighth to one and one-half inch 
(three or four centimetres), beyond the outer surface of the cork, and should 
be provided with a closely fitting rubber tube, at least one-fourth longer than 
the percolator itself, and ending in another short glass tube, whereby the 
rubber tube may be so suspended that its orifice shall be above the surface of 
the menstruum in the percolator, a rubber band holding it in position. 

" The dimensions of such a percolator, conveniently holding 500 grammes 
of powdered material, are preferably the following : Length of body, fourteen 
inches (36 centimetres) ; length of neck, two inches (5 centimetres) ; internal 
diameter at top, four inches (10 centimetres) ; internal diameter at beginning 
of funnel-shaped end, two and one-half inches (6.5 centimetres) ; internal 
diameter of the neck, one-half inch (12 millimetres), gradually reduced at the 
end to two-fifths of an inch (10 millimetres). It is best constructed of glass, 
but, unless so directed, may be constructed of a different material. 

" The percolator is prepared for percolation by gently pressing a small tuft 
of cotton into the space of the neck above the cork, and a small layer of clean 
and dry sand is then poured upon the surface of the cotton to hold it in place. 

" The powdered substance to be percolated (which must be uniformly of 
the fineness directed in the formula, and should be perfectly air-dry before it 
is weighed) is put into a basin, the specified quantity of menstruum is poured 
on and it is thoroughly stirred with a spatula, or other suitable instrument, 
until it appears uniformly moistened. The moist powder is then passed 
through a coarse sieve — No. 40 powders, and those which are finer, requiring 
No. 20 sieve, whilst No. 30 powders require a No. 15 sieve for this purpose 
Powders of a less degree of fineness usually do not require this additional treat- 
ment after the moistening. The moist powder is now transferred to a sheet 
of thick paper and the- whole quantity poured from it into the percolator. It 
is then shaken down lightly and allowed to remain in that position for a pi riod 
varying from fifteen minutes to several hours, unless otherwise directed ; after 
which the powder is pressed, by the aid of a plunger of suitable dimensions, 



36 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 

more or less firmly, in proportion to the character of the powdered substance 
and the alcoholic strength of the menstruum ; strongly alcoholic menstrua, as 
a rule, permitting firmer packing of the powder than the weaker. The perco- 
lator is now placed in a position for percolation, and, the rubber tube having 
been fastened at a suitable height, the surface of the powder is covered by an 
accurately fitting disk of filtering paper, or other suitable material, and a 
sufficient quantity of the menstruum poured on through a funnel reaching 
nearly to the surface of the paper. If these conditions are accurately observed, 
the menstruum will penetrate the powder equally until it has passed into the 
rubber tube and has reached, in this, the height corresponding to its level in 
the percolator, which is now closely covered to prevent evaporation, and the 
apparatus allowed to stand at rest for the time specified in the formula. 

" To begin percolation, the rubber tube is lowered and its glass end intro- 
duced into the neck of a bottle previously marked for the quantity of liquid to 
be percolated, if the percolate is to be measured, or of a tared bottle, if the 
percolate is to be weighed ; and by raising or lowering this recipient, the 
rapidity of percolation may be increased or lessened as may be desirable, 
observing, however, that the rate of percolation, unless the quantity of material 
taken in operation is largely in excess of the pharmacopceial quantities, shall 
not exceed the limit of ten to thirty drops in a minute. A layer of menstruum 
must constantly be maintained above the powder, so as to prevent the access 
of air to its interstices, until all has been added, or the requisite quantity of 
percolate has been obtained. This is conveniently accomplished, if the space 
above the powder will admit of it, by inverting a bottle containing the entire 
quantity of menstruum over the percolator in such a manner that its mouth 
may dip beneath the surface of the liquid, the bottle being of such shape that 
its shoulder will serve as a cover for the percolator. 

" When the dregs of a tincture, or similar preparation, are to be subjected 
to percolation, after maceration with all or with the greater portion of the 
menstruum, the liquid portion should be drained off as completely as possible, 
the solid portion packed in a percolator, as before described, and the liquid 
poured on, until all has passed from the surface, when, immediately, a suffi- 
cient quantity of the original menstruum should be poured on to displace the 
absorbed liquid, until the prescribed quantity has been obtained." 

The foregoing officinal directions cover the whole general 
subject of percolation, and the remarks which follow are in- 
tended as special consideration of improved methods, and the 
difficulties which may arise in applying a general rule to the 
treatment of a variety of substances. 

The fineness of powder-to be used for percolation has been dis- 
cussed under the article on fineness of powders, but it may be 
here repeated that the powders directed in the formulas of the 
pharmacopoeia are, as a rule, too fine for successful percolation, 
and that the mass of druggists will have "better luck" to 



WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 37 



choose a grade coarser powder than is specified in the officinal 
formulae. 

Moistening the drug is discussed in the officinal process, and 
in the article on maceration, and it need only be remarked 
that it is of great importance to have the drug thoroughly and 
evenly moistened. Many druggists are in the habit of putting 
the drug in the percolator and pouring the menstruum upon it 
to moisten it, without even stirring it up ; this should never be 
done, for, frequently, a portion of the drug will " cake " so that 
it will not become moistened during the entire process of per- 
colation. The drug should always be moistened in a basin or 
other vessel, before putting into the percolator. 

Macerating before percolating is discussed in the article on 
maceration. It may be here repeated, however, that when 
water is used as" a portion of the menstruum for percolation, 
the drug should be moistened with the menstruum and 
allowed to macerate for twenty-four hours, in order that it 
may swell before, instead of after, packing in the percolator. 

Packing the percolator. In packing the percolator much 
depends upon the nature of the drug, the fineness of the pow- 
der, etc. Loose, fibrous, or bulky drugs, such as arnica, 
stillingia, buchu, etc., cannot be packed very firmly, but should 
be made as compact as possible ; heavy drugs, such as aconite 
root, valerian, golden seal, etc., do not require so much pres- 
sure, but will pack much firmer; soft, spongy, or gummy 
drugs, such as rhubarb, colocynth or squill, should not be 
packed very firmly; coarse powders, as a rule, should be packed 
more firmly than fine. The percolator should be packed from 
the outside towards the centre and as evenly as possible. A 
disc of paper and then a cover of perforated tin should be 
placed upon the surface of the powder after it is packed to 
secure the even distribution of the menstruum as it is poured 
upon the drug. A glass or earthenware weight may be used 
with advantage to hold the drug in its place. It should 
generally be allowed to macerate for some time after the men- 
struum is poured on before beginning to percolate. 

The flow of percolate maybe regulated by the rubber tube, 
as directed in the officinal process; by a loose cork in the 
bottom of the percolator; or, if the water-bath percolator is 



38 WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 



used, by the stop-cock. The rapidity with which the percolate 
should flow, depends very much upon the nature of the drug, 
and the quantity required to be obtained as compared with the 
quantity of drug being percolated ; for example, fluid extracts 
should not be percolated so rapidly as tinctures, nor aconite as 
rapidly as buchu. 

With a certain class of drugs, the alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic 
menstruum, with which the percolation is conducted, may be 
forced out by adding water after the menstruum has dis- 
appeared from the surface of the drug, and thereby make a 
saving of alcohol ; but with others, which soften or make pre- 
cipitates with an aqueous menstruum, the percolation must be 
conducted to the end with the same menstruum. The men- 
struum remaining in the drug after percolation, may be pressed 
out with a tincture press and the alcohol recovered from it by 
distillation. 

Drugs Difficult to Percolate. 

Many drugs present difficulties to the ordinary methods of 
percolation and require special treatment ; this is generally 
given in the formula; in which they are found ; but they may 
be classed in a general way as follows : 

i. Drugs that soften or make a pulpy mass upon the addi- 
tion of the menstruum, such as orange, gentian, rhubarb, squill, 
colocynth, etc. Such drugs should be well moistened and 
macerated before packing ; they should be rather coarsely 
powdered and rather loosely packed, and the percolation, when 
begun, should be conducted rapidly, and continued to the end 
with the same menstruum. 

2. Gums and gum-resins which agglutinate or mass together 
when the menstruum is added. These should be mixed with 
an equal bulk of sand, sawdust, or rice chaff, and not packed, 
but placed loosely, in the percolator, and the percolation con- 
ducted in the usual manner. 

3. Bulky drugs, like arnica, buchu, chamomile, etc. 
Although these drugs are not difficult to percolate, they 
absorb so much menstruum that the expense of making their 
preparations is considerably increased. These should be 



WORKING PROCESSES — PERCOLATION. 



39 



packed as firmly as possible, and held down in the percolator 
with a weight during the process of percolation. 

Economy in Percolating and Filtering. 

[Much loss of Alcohol occurs by evaporation when the 
ordinary percolator or filtering funnel are left uncovered during 
percolation or filtration. To remedy this difficulty a simple 
apparatus may be constructed by any druggist who will take 
the trouble. It is shown in use in the following cut : 




A, is the wooden cover, large enough to lit the top of a per- 
colator or funnel; it is bound with a wooden hoop, whose 
lower edge projects about half an inch below the under surface 



40 WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 



of the cover ; to the wooden hoop is tacked a piece of 
moderately thin-sheet rubber, so that the cover when com- 
pleted, is like a drum-head, and, when it is used to cover a per- 
colator or funnel, will make, by its elasticity, an air-tight 
covering. 

B, is a funnel tube, so bent as to prevent evaporation or 
access of air. Through it, fresh menstruum or other liquid 
may be introduced into the percolator or funnel. A glass or 
metal tube answers the same purpose, and may be stopped 
with a cork. This tube may be adjusted by boring a hole in 
the wooden cover and punching a smaller hole in the rubber, 
so that it will fit snug around the tube. 

C, is a rubber tube attached at one end to a glass tube in 
the cover (which passes through the rubber as heretofore de- 
scribed), and at the other end to a tube in the stopper of the 
receiving bottle. This tube allows the air to pass from the 
receiving bottle into the percolator, and as the liquid fills the 
bottle the air is forced from it into the percolator or funnel. 

B, is a rubber tube attached to the percolator that connects 
with a tube in the stopper of the receiving bottle, through 
which the percolate passes ; if the lower end of the percolator 
is too large for the rubber tube, a perforated cork, into which 
a glass tube is inserted, may be placed in the neck of the 
percolator for this purpose, as is directed in the pharmacopoeia 
process. By raising or lowering the percolator or the receiving 
bottle the flow of the percolate can be made more or less rapid, 
as it works on the principle of the syphon. The receiving 
bottle may be made of any wide-mouth bottle, holes being 
bored in the cork for the insertion of the tubes to which the 
rubber tubing is attached. 

E, shows the perforated diaphragm of the percolator. 

With this simple arrangement percolation or filtration can 
be carried on for any length of time without exposure or loss 
by evaporation. 



WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

The process of water-bath percolation consists in subjecting 
the powder contained in a percolator, surrounded by water, 



WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 



41 



to the action of a warm menstruum during the entire process 
of maceration and percolation. By the means of the water- 
bath the menstruum and powder are kept at any desired degree 
of heat for any length of time.* 

It is claimed for this process, that the heat employed is of 
great aid in effecting the solution of the soluble constituents 
of the substance or substances which are being exhausted, and 
therefore, that it is much more rapid, efficient and economical 
than the ordinary method of percolation. 

By consulting the solubility tables, which may be found in 
the pharmacopoeia and other standard works, it will be seen 
that the medicinal principles of vegetable drugs (especially the 



* The process of water-bath percolation as applied to pharmaceutical prepa- 
rations and the apparatus, 

FENNER'S water-bath percolator and still, 

were patented February 7, 1882. 

The process is an application of the well-known fact that a heated men- 
struum dissolves the soluble portions of drugs much more readily and to a 
much greater extent than the same menstruum when cold. 

The apparatus is constructed with the view of serving its purpose in the best 
possible manner, and since its introduction it is coming rapidly into use in all 
parts of the country. 

The following is a description and sectional view of the apparatus : 

It consists of a Percolator, A, suspended in a 
water-bath and connected externally by a stop-cock 
through which the percolate is received, and a Still, 
B, which may be adjusted whenever it is needed. 

The percolator, A, is also the vessel into which 
liquids are put for evaporation and distillation. 

The percolator may be removed by unscrewing 
the stop-cock at b, and lifting it out of the water- 
bath. It should be removed after using in order to 
dry the apparatus. 

The perforated diaphragm at / prevents the 
llj^K drug packing in the neck of the percolator and 
wui-tN-xoM thereby hindering percolation. 
The flow of tin- percolate can be regulated by the stop-cock ; it also serves 
to draw off the residue after distillation or evaporation, 

The vessel surrounding the Percolator is designed for water which is to be 

heated when desired, forming a water-bath for the Percolator and its contents. 

The Still //, can be adjusted when desired, by setting it into the percolator 

or water-hath. The vapor rises to the inner surface of the cone of the- Still. 




42 



WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 



alkaloids and other substances in which their value chiefly 
consists), are from several to several hundred times more 
soluble in boiling water or alcohol than in cold. Although the 
heat employed in water-bath percolation is seldom so high as 
boiling alcohol or water, yet the solubility of the medicinal 
principles is relatively increased according to the heat 
employed ; and, as the object of percolation is to exhaust the 
drug of. its soluble medicinal agents no other argument than 
this for the application of heat during percolation seems nec- 
essary, for it is evident that the value of the drug is much 
more faithfully represented in preparations made in this 
manner, and, that in making fluid or solid extracts, or other 
concentrated preparations, a much less quantity of menstruum 
is required to exhaust the drug, than when cold percolation is 
employed. 

As the question may be asked by many if heat does not 
injure the preparations, it may be here stated that the degree 
of heat directed cannot be injurious, as it is insufficient to 
volatilize any of the medicinal principles of the drugs. 



is condensed by the cold water on the outer surface of the cone, and the dis- 
tillate is discharged in the form of a liquid at a, being conducted through a 
rubber tube to any convenient receptacle. 

The following cut represents the Water-bath Percolator and Still detached 
and in use as a percolator. When used for 
distilling, the cover of the percolator is to be 
removed and the still top adjusted as heretofore 
described. When used for evaporating, the 
cover of the percolator is to be removed, and the 
evaporation conducted in the ordinary way. 

The water-bath percolator can be used as 
readily for cold percolation as for warm, and, in 
short, when all things are considered it is the 
most serviceable, economical and convenient per- 
colator in use. 

These Water-bath Percolators and Stills are 
now being used to a large extent in all parts 
of the country, and the reports received from parties who have thoroughly 
tested them are very flattering. 

At no distant day the process of water-bath percolation is bound to super- 
sede the ordinary method of percolating as completely as percolation, when it 
was introduced, superseded the process of maceration. 




WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 43 



The method of conducting water-bath percolation is as 
follows : 

The powdered drug is to be moistened with a portion of the 
menstruum and either packed in the percolator at once, or 
after macerating twenty-four hours, as the formula may direct. 
A certain quantity of menstruum (as directed in the formula) 
is then to be poured upon the drug and it is allowed to mace- 
rate for a specified time in a warm place. It is then to be 
heated (as directed in the formula) for a certain length of time 
and the percolation then begun and continued until the drug 
is exhausted, or until the required amount of percolate is 
obtained. 

The same general directions for packing the percolator, 
keeping the drug covered with the menstruum, regulating the 
flow of the percolate, etc., as are specified in the officinal 
process, should be observed. 

In the formulas contained in this book for making prepara- 
tions by water-bath percolation, it is directed after packing in 
the percolator and adding menstruum to the drug, to " set in 
a warm place" for a certain length of time to macerate; by 
this it is meant that the percolator and its contents should be 
heated from 30 to 35 C. (86° to 95 F.) by any convenient 
means. In summer a warm place in the store will suffice ; in 
winter a shelf by the stove or other heating apparatus will do; 
or a box, with a hinged door and holes in the bottom about 
the size of the bottom of the percolators, may be fastened to 
the side of tlie wall and the heat may be maintained by a coal 
oil lamp placed beneath the percolator. 

In large establishments warming closets heated by steam 
pipes or other means may be arranged. It is not absolutely 
necessary that heat should be maintained during maceration, 
but better results will follow if it is. 

The direction in the formulae "heat very moderately" 
means that the temperature should not be higher than from 
40 to 45° C. (104 to 1 1 3 F.); "heat moderately" means 
that the' temperature should not exceed 6o° to 65 C. 

(140° to 149° F.) — a higher temperature than this is seldom 
necessary. 

After the percolation is concluded, if sufficient Alcohol is 



44 SOLUTION. — WASHING PRECIPITATES. 

retained in the drug to be of value, it may be recovered by 
distillation. The amount of alcohol or other menstruum 
retained varies with the nature of the drug — from one-fourth 
to more than its entire original weight. In making any consid- 
erable quantity of a preparation, it is important to save this 
menstruum, which would otherwise be wasted, by distillation, 
as stated in the article on distillation. 



SOLUTION. 

Solution is the process of dissolving solids or fluids by 
means of other solids or fluids which combine with them and 
hold them in a liquid state. The most common forms of solu- 
tions are those in which a liquid is dissolved in another liquid, 
as, for example, an essential oil in alcohol, or a solid in a liquid, 
as sugar in water ; but some solutions are made by the action 
of solid substances upon each other, as when camphor and 
hydrate of chloral are combined. 

No special apparatus is required for making solutions. 
Many are made cold, while some are aided by heat with such 
appliances as druggists usually possess. The solution of some 
substances is facilitated by reducing them to a fine powder, 
while others, as scale salts, etc., are best dissolved without 
being made fine. In dissolving by the aid of heat the water- 
bath is much employed. 



WASHING PRECIPITATES. 

The object of washing fresh precipitates is to free them 
from soluble salts, or other substances with which they are 
associated, which are soluble in water. 

The usual manner of washing fresh precipitates, in a small 
way, is to pour them upon a wet muslin strainer and filter 
water through them until the soluble matter has all been 
washed out. 

This method is open to several objections: ist, exposure to 
the atmosphere, which rapidly oxidizes many salts, especially 



WASHING PRECIPITATES. 45 

the iron salts, rendering them insoluble ; 2d, waste, as consid- 
erable of the precipitate is washed away by this method ; 3d, 
inconvenience, as it requires the continued attention of the 
operator. 

Another method is to wash the precipitate in a large jar or 
earthenware crock, by pouring upon it a quantity of water and 
stirring thoroughly, then allowing the precipitate to settle, 
drawing off the supernatant fluid with a syphon, pouring on 
more fresh water, and thus continuing until the soluble matter 
is washed out ; and then draining the precipitate upon a muslin 
strainer. 

The best method, however, is to make the precipitate in a 
tall jar or crock, filled full of water; then, having fastened a 
piece of rubber tubing to each end of a stick, insert it in the 
jar in such a manner that a stream of water passing through 
one rubber tube will reach to the bottom of the vessel, while 
the water at the top of the jar will be carried off by means of 
the other tube, which acts as a syphon. The water to wash 
the precipitate can be supplied from a water-pipe, or from a 
bucket set above the washing apparatus, into which the tube 
is inserted as a syphon. The same result will be accomplished 
by 'running the tube, through which the water is supplied, to 
the bottom of the jar and allowing the water to overflow at 
the top. 

It will be seen that by this means the precipitate is con- 
tinually washed, and that it is not exposed, nor wasted, as 
only clear water is drawn off at the top of the jar, because the 
precipitate has time to settle away from the surface of the 
water where the waste tube is attached. Precipitates are 
rapidly and thoroughly washc'd by this method. When the 
soluble substances have all been washed out, the precipitate 
should be poured upon a muslin strainer to drain, the water 
may then be pressed out and the precipitate dissolved, or dried 
as required. 



PART III 



WORKING FORMULA. 



In the formulae which follow we have endeavored to include 
all preparations generally used or called for that can readily 
be prepared by druggists. We have made no distinction 
between officinal and unofficinal formulae, except to note the 
former when the original text is followed. 

For more convenient reference and comparison we have 
attempted to classify the preparations as nearly as possible 
under appropriate headings. We have endeavored to make 
the formulae as plain, explicit and comprehensive as possible, 
and have avoided as much as possible the use of technical 
terms and tedious processes. The formulae are made from 
actual work in the shop or laboratory, and are therefore 
WORKING Formulae, which cannot fail to give good results, 
provided they are carefully followed and good material is 
used. In submitting them to our friends, it is with the 
earnest hope that they may contribute something to that 
store of knowledge which raises the pharmacist above the 
mere tradesman, and that their use may put many a dollar in 
the pocket of the druggist, which otherwise would be paid as 
profit to manufacturers. 



ABSTRACTA— ABSTRACTS. 

These preparations are properly extracts of vegetable drugs 
so diluted with Sugar of Milk that they represent the soluble 
medicinal value of two parts of the drug in one part of the 
abstract. They were introduced in the 6th Revision of the U. 

46 



ABSTRACTS. 47 



S. Pharmacopoeia, to supply a popular demand for " Powdered 
Extracts " ; but as they are only double the strength of the 
drug their value for such a purpose is questionable. They 
have not as yet become popular, and it is doubtful if they are 
retained in a subsequent revision of the Pharmacopoeia. 

The U. S. Pharmacopoeia process for abstracts is in sub- 
stance as follows : 

Exhaust 200 parts of the drug, by percolating with sufficient 
menstruum, reserving the first 170 parts that pass; evaporate 
the remaining percolate to 30 parts, adding it to the portion 
reserved ; then add 50 parts Sugar of Milk ; allow to evapor- 
ate slowly to dryness ; powder, and add enough Sugar of Milk 
to make 100 parts. 

The quantitive formulae for the officinal abstracts are as 
follows : 

1. Abstractum Aconiti. 

Abstract of Aconite. 

Aconite (root), 200 parts. 

Tartaric Acid, 2 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

2. Abstractum Belladonnae. 

Abstract of Belladonna. 

Belladonna (root), 200 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

3. Abstractum Conii. 

Abstract of Conium, 

Conium (fruit), 200 parts. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, 6 parts. 

Alcohol 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

4. Abstractum Digitalis. 

A bs tract of Digitalis. 

Digitalis (leaves) 200 parts. 

Alcohol 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . lOO parts. 



48 ABSTRACTS. 



5. Abstractum Hyoscyami. 

A bstract of Hyoscyamiis. 

Hyoscyamus (leaves) '• . . . 200 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

6. Abstractum Ignatiae. 

Abstract of Ignatia. 

Ignatia (seed or bean), 200 parts. 

Alcohol 8, to Water 1 part, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

7. Abstractum Jalapae. 

Abstract of Jalap. 

Jalap (root or tuber) 200 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

8. Abstractum Nucis Vomicae. 

Abstract of Nux Vomica. 

Nux Vomica (seed), 200 parts. 

Alcohol 8, to Water 1 part 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

9. Abstractum Podophylli. 

Abstract of PodopJiyllum. 

Podophyllum (root) 200 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

10. Abstractum Senegae. 

Abstract of Senega. 

Senega (root) 200 parts. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 



ABSTRACTS. 49 



11. Abstractum Valerianae. 

Abstract of Valerian. 

Valerian (root), 200 parts. 

Alcohol, . 

Sugar of Milk, each sufficient to make . 100 parts. 

12. Abstracts, by Water-Bath Percolation. 

It is obvious that drugs from which abstracts are to be 
made may be much more readily and economically exhausted 
by water-bath percolation than by the cold process — much 
less menstruum being required to exhaust the drug^ and the 
result much more perfectly representing the active medicinal 
agents. The following sample formula, which corresponds 
with the official strength, but differs in manner of making, 
will serve as a general formula for making abstracts by water- 
bath percolation. 

Abstracts of other drugs may be made in the same general 
manner, by using the menstruum which is best suited to 
obtain the medicinal value of the drug without obtaining 
an unnecessary quantity of worthless extractive matter. 
The menstruum which is employed for making the Fluid 
Extract of the drug (see Fluid Extracts) will generally be 
proper to use for making the abstract. 

13. Abstract of Aconite. 

Aconite (root), No. 60 powder, .... 16 ounces. 

Tartaric Acid, 75 grains. 

Alcohol, 

Sugar of Milk, in fine powder, each suffi- 
cient to make, 8 ounces. 

Moisten the drug with 6 ounces of Alcohol, and pack very 
firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it 10 ounces 
of Alcohol and set in a warm place for three days; then heat 
moderately [to about 6o° C. (140° F. 1 1, and after one hour 
begin t" percolate, adding Alcohol t<> the drug, and continuing 
the heat until 12 ounces have passed, which reserve. Con- 
tinue the percolation until the drug is exhausted (<>r until 



50 ACETA — ACETATES — VINEGARS. 

about 12 ounces more have passed). Evaporate this last 
percolate by distillation to about 3 ounces, and add to the 
portion previously reserved. Dissolve the acid in the liquid, 
add 4 ounces of powdered Sugar of Milk, and set aside in a 
moderately warm place [not over 50 C. (122 F.)], in an 
evaporating dish covered with gauze. Let remain until 
evaporated to dryness, then powder, weigh, and add enough 
powdered Sugar of Milk to make 8 ounces. 

The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
recovered by distillation. 



ACETA— ACETATES— VINEGARS. 

Acetates. — Acetates are chemical or pharmaceutical products 
in which acetic acid is used as a combining factor, or a solvent 
for medicinal principles. The Acetates may be conveniently 
classed as follows : 

Chemicals, in which Acetic Acid unites with Alkalies, Alka- 
loids, or metallic bases to form chemical salts ; as Acetate of 
Potassium, Acetate of Morphine, Acetate of Lead, etc. 

Solutions, in which Acetic Acid is combined with some base 
but not sufficiently concentrated to crystallize, as solution or 
liquor Acetate of Ammonium, solution Acetate of Iron ; or 
simple solutions of Acetic salts in water or other liquid, as 
solution Acetate of Morphine, etc. 

Tinctures, in which an Acetic solution is diluted with an 
alcoholic liquid, as tincture Acetate of Iron. 

Vinegars, in which the medicinal value of the drug is ob- 
tained by Acetic or diluted Acetic Acid as a menstruum. In 
this class is included the Acetic fluid extracts, and the proper 
aceta or vinegars which have long been known as pharma- 
copceial preparations, and which will now be considered. 

The Vinegars which were once quite popular galenicals are 
now but little used ; they still hold their place, however, in the 
pharmacopoeias. In the formulae for Vinegars which follow 
•we have found it impracticable to exactly follow the pharma- 
copoeias, because of the difference in name and acid strength 
of Dilute Acetic Acid directed by different authorities, and 



VINEGARS. 51 



some other peculiarities. We have therefore adopted a general 
10 per cent. Standard of the active ingredient, and generally 
the Diluted Acetic Acid of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia which 
contains 6 per cent, of real Acetic Acid. We have also 
added a small percentage of Alcohol in most of them, as is 
customary in Continental Europe, because we are satisfied 
that it is an advantage to the preparations. If fluid extracts 
are used instead of crude drugs this addition will be 
unnecessary. 

14. Acetum — Vinegar. 

Vinegar was formerly officinal in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 
but is now deleted. It is still retained in the British, German 
and many other Pharmacopoeias. 

It should contain from 5^2 to 6 per cent, of absolute 
Acetic Acid. When directed to be used, the ordinary com- 
mercial Vinegar may generally be employed or Diluted Acetic 
Acid of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, which contains about the 
same percentage of Acid, may be used instead of it. 

Acetification. — Acetification is the process by which Sac- 
charine or hydro-alcoholic liquids are converted into vinegar. It 
consists in the partial dehydration and subsequent oxidation 
of the liquids by contact with the atmosphere. Domestic 
vinegar-making is carried on in nearly every household by 
exposing cider, saccharine or vinous liquids to heat and air. 
In a large way vinegar is manufactured by running the liquids 
many times through generators filled with beech-shavings or 
corn-cobs, and perforated with numerous holes to admit free 
circulation of air by which the oxidation is rapidly accom- 
plished. 

15. Acetum Aromaticum. 

Aromatic Vinegar. 
(Adapted from the German and French Pharmacopoeias.) 

Oil of Lavender 1 part or 5 minims. 

Nil of Peppermint, ... I part or 5 minims. 

Oil of Rosemary I part or 5 minims. 

Oil of Juniper, .... 1 part or 5 minims. 



52 ACETA — VINEGARS. 



Oil of Cinnamon, .... i part or 5 minims. 

Oil of Lemon 2 parts or 10 minims. 

Oil of Cloves, 2 parts or 10 minims. 

Alcohol, 300 parts or 31^ fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, . 450 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
Water, 1,200 parts or 13 )/± fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol, add the Acid and Water, 
and, after standing a few days, with frequent agitation filter 
through paper. 

This is used as an Aromatic toilet preparation and some- 
times internally as a mild Aromatic Acid. 

Several proprietary articles similiar to this, as Bully's Aro- 
matic Vinegar, etc., etc., have a popular sale as toilet requisites. 

16. Acetum Cantharidis. 

Vinegar of Cantharides. 

(ADAPTED FROM THE BRITISH PHARMACOPCEIA, 1885.) 

Cantharides, bruised, . . . I part or 455 grains. 
Glacial Acetic Acid, . . . 1 fl. part or 1 fl. ounce. 
Acetic Acid, sufficient to make, 10 fl. parts or 10 fl. ounces. 

Mix 6 J / 2 fl. ounces of the Acetic Acid with the Glacial Acetic 
Acid, and the Cantharides in a strong well-stopped quart 
bottle. Digest the mixture in a water-bath by boiling gently 
for two hours, then transfer to a glass percolator and perco- 
late, adding enough Acetic Acid through the drug in the per- 
colator to make 10 fl. ounces. It will be observed that this is 
made with strong Acetic Acid instead of dilute as is usual with 
the Vinegars. This is a strong vesicant used for blistering. 
It may be applied with a camel-hair pencil. 

17. Acetum Colchici. 

Vinegar of Colchicum Seed or Tuber {Root). 

Colchicum Seed or Tuber in coarse powder, 729 grains. 

Alcohol, \y 2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make . 16 fl. ounces. 

Mix the alcohol with three ounces of the Diluted Acetic 
Acid, and macerate the powder in the mixture for 24 hours; 



ACETA — VINEGARS. 53 



then transfer to a glass percolator, and percolate, adding, when 
the liquid has disappeared from the top, diluted Acetic Acid, 
and continuing the percolation until 16 fl. ounces are obtained. 
This preparation is officinal in several of the European 
Pharmacopoeias. It is preferably made from the tuber (root), 
and is a very good preparation of Colchicum, but is not much 
used in this country. It is given for rheumatism and gout, the 
dose being from 5 to 30 minims. 

18. Acetum Digitalis. 

I r inegar of Digitalis. 

Digitalis Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 729 grains. 

Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. A heart 
stimulant, diuretic and nervine. Dose )4 to I fl. drachm, not 
exceeding 3 fl. drachms per day. This corresponds very nearly 
to the formula of the German Pharmacopoeia. 

19. Acetum Lobeliae. 

J'iuegar of Lobelia. 

Lobelia Herb in coarse powder, . . 729 grains. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 2 fl. ounces. 

Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. An emetic, 
expectorant, antispasmodic, etc. Dose 5 to 30 minims. This 
corresponds with the United States Pharmacopoeia, 1880 for- 
mula, except in the addition of the alcohol. 

20. Acetum Opii, U. S., 1880. 

/ 'iiugar of Opium. 

Opium in powder 729 grains. 

Nutmeg in powder 218 grains. 

Sugar 1458 grains. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 
Mix tin: Opium and Nutmeg and macerate them with 12 
fl. ounces of Diluted Acetic Acid for 24 hours, then drain off 



54 ACETA — VINEGAR' 



the liquid, put the drugs in a percolator and percolate with the 
liquid ; dissolve the sugar in the percolate by agitation, and 
add enough Diluted Acetic Acid through the percolator to 
make 16 fl. ounces of the mixture. 

The addition of i*< fl. ounces of Alcohol would, in our 
opinion, be an advantage in this preparation. Used for the 
same purposes as other preparations of Opium. Dose 5 to 
15 minims. 

The U. S., 1870, Vinegar of Opium contained 1200 grains of 
Opium in a pint, and care must be used in dispensing not to 
mistake one for the other. 

The following formula, which is similar to several which are 
officinal in Europe, is preferable to our own : 

21. Acetum Opii Compositum. 

Aromatic Vinegar of Opium. British Black Drop. 

Opium in powder 729 grains. 

Nutmeg in powder 218 grains. 

Saffron in powder, j^ grains. 

Sugar in powder 145 8 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Make in the same manner as Acetum Opii. Dose 5 to 15 
minims. 

22. Acetum Sanguinariae. 

Vinegar of Blood Root. 

Sanguinaria in powder, 729 grains. 

Alcohol i 1 2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. A stimulant 
to the mucous membrane. Used mainly as an expectorant. 
Dose 10 to 30 minims. 

This corresponds with the 1880 United States Pharma- 
copoeia, except in the addition of the alcohol. It is officinal 
only in the United States. 



55 



23. Acetum Scillae. 

Vinegar of Squill. 

Squill, in coarse powder 729 grains. 

Alcohol, 1^2 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Make in the same manner as Acetum Colchici. 

Expectorant and Diuretic. Dose 10 to 60 minims. 

This corresponds with the 1880 United States Pharma- 
copoeia, except in the addition of Alcohol. 

The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, formula nearly corresponds 
with the U. S. 1870 — directing 1 part of squill in 8, instead 
of 1 in 10 as above. 



ACIDA— ACIDS. 

A great variety of widely different chemical substances are 
classed and included under the general name Acids. 

In a popular sense acids are substances having a sour taste 
and capable of turning vegetable blues red; but in chemistry, 
acids are compound substances having one common and essen- 
tial property, viz., that of combining with metallic bases, 
alkalies or alkaloids to form new compounds which are called 
salts. As Hydrogen is a constant element in all acids it is 
called the Acid former, and an acid must be considered a salt 
whose metal is hydrogen, which is displaced in part or wholly 
when salts are formed with other bases. 

Several substances are classed among the acids which are 
not properly acids but anhydrides ; for example, Carbonic Acid 
Gas C0 2 , Arsenious Acid As 2 2 , Chromic Acid Cr0 3 , etc. 
These arc not true acids, because they do not contain hydrogen. 

Acids are gaseous, liquid or solid, and are classed as inor- 
ganic and organic, the inorganic being mostly derived from 
mineral, and the organic from vegetable and animal substances. 
The mineral acids are but little used in medicine except when 
compounded with other drugs, but the salts formed by their 
union with bases comprise a large share of the chemicals em- 
ployed by pharmacists. The organic acids are very numerous 
and form an important class of pharmaceutical products, com- 



56 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 



prising the valuable medicinal properties of many vegetable 
and animal substances. 

In pharmacy the Latin name of the acid follows Acidum, as 
Acidum Nitricum, but when rendered in English the name 
precedes the generic term, as Nitric Acid. In chemistry the 
names and their terminations generally indicate the composi- 
tion of the acid, as hydrogen nitrite HN0 2 (Nitrous Acid); 
hydrogen nitrate, HN0 3 (Nitric Acid). 

Acidification is the chemical process by which substances 
combine to form acids, or the state in which they exist in 
nature as acids. 

The following tables of acids most frequently used in 
pharmacy will be convenient for reference. The strength and 
nomenclature of acids officinal in the United States corre- 
spond with the present U. S. P. The solid acids are more 
properly classed with chemicals, and are so numerous that only 
those most frequently used in pharmacy can be mentioned : 

LIQUID ACIDS FREQUENTLY USED. 



NAME OF ACID. 


Chemical 
Symbol. 


Specific 
Gravitj-. 


Real Acid' sorBrF 
per cent. bUL Ken. 


Acetic 


.1 HC 8 H 3 3 

• C G H 3 HO 
) 

. HCH 8 

HI 

.! HBr 
HCl 

FICN 

• H 3 PO, 

• HC 3 H 5 3 

IINO3 
.'UHNOgisHCl 

• HC 18 H 83 2 
) H 3 P0 4 

! H a S0 4 

! so 2 

. HC 5 H 9 3 


I.O48 

1.00S 
1-057 
1.060 
1.065 

1.063 

1.077 
1.077 
1. 160 
1.049 

0.997 

1.060 

1. 212 
1.040 
1.042 
1.059 
1. 215 

1-043 
0.875 
1-347 
1-057 
1.S40 
1.0S2 
1.022 
o.935 


36- 

6. 

99. 

IOO. 

90. 

25- 

10. 
10. 
3i-9 
10. 

2. 
10. 

75- 

11. 2 

69.4 

10. 

39-S 

12. 1 

95- 

5o. 

10. 

IOO. 

10. 

3-5 

IOO. 


["From Wood, 

< etc., by distil- 




*Carbolic, or Phenic 

Carbolic, Liquified (Br. 1885 

Formic 


1 \ From Coal Tar 
( by distillation 
\ From Ants, 
{ etc. 


Ilydrobromic, Diluted 

Hydrochloric (Muriatic) 

Hydrochloric, Diluted 

Hydrocyanic, Diluted 

Hypophosphorous, Diluted. 

Lactic 

Lactic, Diluted, (Br. 1885). . 

Nitric 

Nitric, Diluted 


From Bromine. 
\ From Chlorides 
I and H 8 S0 4 
\ From Cyanides 
J and H 8 S0 4 
\ From Phos- 
( phorus. 
i From Sour 
j Milk, etc. 
\ From Nitrates 
] and H 2 S0 4 . 

- Mixed Acids. 

From Fats. 

( From Phospho- 
] } rusandHNO a 

\ From SO, and 


Nitro-hydrochloric, Diluted . 

Oleic 

Phosphoric (Orthophosphoric 






( HNO s . 






Valerianic 


, From Valerian. 



Carbolic Acid liquifies at about 95 F. The Sp. gr. mentioned is taken at its melting point. 



ACIDS. 



SOLID ACIDS FREQUENTLY USED. 



NAME OF ACID. 



Chemical 
Symbol. 



Molecular 
Weight. 



Arsenious (Anhydride) As 2 3 

Benzoic HC r H 5 2 

Boric or Boracic H 3 B0 2 

Chromic (Anhydride) Cr0 3 

Citric H 3 C c H 3 7 H 2 

Gallic HC r H 3 5 H 2 

Oxalic H 3 Co0 4 2H 2 

Phenic or Carbolic C 6 H 5 HO 

Phosphoric, Glacial HP0 3 

Picric or Carbazotic : C 6 H 3 (N0 2 ) 3 

Pyrogallic C 6 H 6 3 

Salicylic HC T H 5 3 

Tannic C^H^O,, 

Tartaric H s C 4 H 4 8 



197-3 


! ( Arsenic by Subli- 
/ mation. 


122. 


( Benzoin by Subli- 


/ mation. 


62. 


Soda Borax. 




\ Bichrom, Potass. 




/ and HoS0 4 . 




\ Lime or Lemon 




/ Juice. 


188. 


From Nutgalls, etc. 


126. 


i | Sugar or Starch, 


! / and HNO,. 




( Coal Tar or Petro- 


94. 


( leum. 


SO. 


Phosphoric Acid. 


227. 


j Carbolic and Nitric 
/ Acids. 


, 


\ Gallic, by Subli- 




/ mation. 


133. 


\ Carbolic and Car- 
/ bonic. 


322. 


From Nutgalls, etc. 




( From Cream of 


150. 


/ Tartar. 



24. 



Acidum Aceticum. 

Acetic Acid. 



The U. S. officinal Acetic Acid contains 36 per cent, of real 
Acetic Acid. The new Br. Ph. (1885) directs an acid contain- 
ing 33 per cent., while the German Standard directs only 30 
per cent, for a corresponding preparation. 

Glacial Acetic Acid is* practically a pure or 100 per cent. 
acid, therefore the U. S. officinal Acid may be prepared from 
it, if desired, by taking 



Glacial Acetic Acid, 
Distilled Water, . 



36 parts, or ^ l /> ounces av. 
64 parts, or 8 ounces av. 



The official Acetic Acids of othei 
made in the same manner relatively. 



pharmacopoeias may be 



58 ACIDA — ACIDS. 



25. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. 

Diluted Acetic Acid. 

Acetic Acid (36 per cent.), 1250 grains or 2^5 fl. ounces. 
Distilled water sufficient to make a pint. 
Mix. 

This is the base of the U. S. official Aceta, and is about the 
same acid strength as good vinegar. 



26. Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. 

Glacial Acetic Acid. 

This is prepared by adding concentrated Sulphuric Acid to 
freshly fused Acetate of Sodium in a retort and distilling. It 
contains from 90 to 99 per cent, of absolute Acetic Acid. The 
German Pharmacopoeia very properly calls this Acetic Acid, 
Essigsaure, while it calls the 30 per cent, preparation Diluted 
Acetic Acid, Verdunnte Essigsaure. In making up German 
formulas or prescriptions this should be remembered, as they 
have no preparation that corresponds to our Dilute Acetic Acid. 



27. Acidum Aceticum Aromaticum. 

Aromatic Acetic Acid. 

Oil of Cloves, 3 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Lavender, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Bergamot 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Thyme, 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Cassia, 20 minims. 

Glacial Acetic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 

Mix, and shake frequently until dissolved. 

This is used as an odorateur for smelling bottles or vinegar- 
ettes, and a refreshing scent for the sick room. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 59 



28. Acidum Carbolicum. 

Crystallized Carbolic Acid — Phcnic Acid or Phenol. 

This is prepared from coal tar and the refuse of petroleum, 
by treating with caustic alkalies, subsequent neutralization 
and distillation. Crude Carbolic Acid 'is an oily liquid largely 
used for disinfecting. The Crystallized Acid is used in medi- 
cine, and is furnished by manufacturers, of different degrees of 
purity; it becomes liquid at from 95 to ioo° F. 

29. Acidum Carbolicum Liquidum. 

Liquefied Carbolic Acid. 

Crystallized Carbolic Acid, 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, .... 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Melt the acid and add the water while melted, it will then 
remain liquid. As carbolic acid is solid at ordinary temperatures, 
this makes a convenient preparation to use in place of the 
crystals, and as it is 90 per cent, strong it may generally be 
used when carbolic acid is designated or prescribed unless 
crystallized carbolic acid is specially mentioned. This is 
official in the new British and German Pharmacopoeias. The 
dose when given internally is from 1 to 3 minims, largely 
diluted. 

Solutions of carbolic acid in water are made varying from 
1 : IOOO to 1 : 20 (5 per cent.), the latter being a saturated 
solution. (See " Solutions.") 

30. Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum. 

Diluted Hydrobromic Acid. 

This contains 10 per cent, by weight of hydrobromic acid 
gas, HBr. It is best made by passing a current of sulphu- 
retted hydrogen through a solution of bromine I part in 
water 15 parts, distilling and diluting to a EO per cent, solution. 
As this process cannot be conveniently used by druggists the 
following formula is given, which (although it does not make 



60 A( IDA — ACIDS. 



a perfectly pure acid) is sufficiently pure for general use, and 
is about the officinal strength. 

Bromide of Potassium 3 ounces aw 

Tartaric Acid, 3^5 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, 16 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salts separately each in 8 ounces of water and 
mix the solutions, agitate thoroughly and set aside in a cold 
place (preferably on ice) for 12 hours, then decant the clear 
liquid and filter. It is advantageous to let this solution remain 
for some time in a cool place to crystallize the acid tartrate of 
potassium. 

This is used for the same purposes as bromide of potassium, 
and is an excellent solvent for quinine. 

The dose is from 30 to 60 minims, in water. 

31. Acidum Hydrochloricum. 

Hydrochloric Acid — Muriatic Acid. 

The United States officinal hydrochloric acid contains 31.9 
per cent, of real acid, and is what is supplied by manufacturing 
chemists as C. P. hydrochloric or muriatic acid. The new 
British Pharmacopoeia directs about the same strength, while 
the German Pharmacopoeia directs an acid containing only 25 
per cent, of real acid. This acid is frequently called for as 
oil of salt or spirit of salt. It is sometimes given as a tonic 
and stomachic, largely diluted with water, or used in stimulating 
baths. 

32. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum, U.S. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid — Diluted Muriatic Acid. 

Hydrochloric Acid, . 6 parts or 2415 grains. 
Distilled Water, . . 13 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
Mix, and preserve in glass stoppered bottles. 

This contains 10 per cent, by weight of real acid, and very 
nearly corresponds with the British, which contains 10.58 per 
cent. The German officinal preparation contains 12.5 per 
cent, of real acid. 

The dose is from 10 to 30 minims. 



(11 



33- Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum. 

Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid — Prussic Acid. 

This is prepared by distilling hydrocyanic acid gas HCN 
from a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium and sulphuric 
acid, into water or water containing a small percentage of 
alcohol, until the solution contains 2 per cent, of the gas. It 
is generally prepared by manufacturing chemists in this 
manner, but may be prepared by druggists as follows : 
Cyanide of Silver, ... 6 parts or 60 grains. 
Hydrochloric Acid, ... 5 parts or 50 grains. 
Distilled Water, .... 45 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 10 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 

Mix the hydrochloric acid with the distilled water, add the 
cyanide of silver, and shake the whole together in a glass- 
stoppered bottle. When the precipitate has subsided, pour off 
the clear liquid and add to it the alcohol. 

This acid should be kept from the light in a cool place, in 
small glass-stoppered bottles. 

It is chiefly used as a sedative for nervous disorders and in 
cough mixtures. 

The dose is from 1 to 3 minims. 

34. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. 

Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid. 
This is a 10 per cent, solution of hypophosphorous acid gas 
H3PO0, commonly called hypophosphorous acid, prepared in 
a large way by boiling mirk of lime with phosphorus, and by 
other methods. 

It may readily be prepared by decomposing hypophosphite 
of calcium with oxalic acid and is generally so prepared by 
druggists, after the formula proposed by Procter (1858). 
Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime), . . 480 grains. 

Oxalic Acid, 350 grains. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Dissolve the hypophosphite in 6 ounces, and the oxalic acid 
in 4 ounces of water, separately, and mix the solutions. 
When the precipitate 1 oxalate of lime) has subsided, pour off 



62 ACIDA — ACIDS. 



the liquid, and reserve ; transfer the moist precipitate to a filter, 
pour upon it 3 ounces of water, and when it has ceased to 
drop, add the liquid to that previously reserved, filter, and 
evaporate the filtrate to 8 J j fl. ounces. This contains about 
10 per cent, of real acid, and is used mainly in combination 
with syrups or solutions of hypophosphites. It may, however, 
be prescribed in doses of ^ to I fl. drachm. 

35. Acidum Lacticum. 

Lactic Acid. 
This acid is found in sour milk and is generally called "con- 
centrated lactic acid." It contains about 75 per cent, of real 
acid. It is produced by the fermentation of the milk sugar in 
the presence of casein, and is seldom prepared except by 
manufacturing chemists. It is used as a solvent for phosphate- 
salts, the products being termed, lacto-phosphates. In medicine 
it is used for diabetes, liver complaints, stomach troubles, etc. 



36. Acidum Lacticum Dilutum. 

Diluted Lactic Acid. 
The new British Pharmacopoeia directs this to be prepared 
as follows : 

Lactic Acid, 3 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make . . 20 fl. ounces. 
Mix. 

This contains about 1 1.25 per cent, of real acid. 
The dose is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 

37. Acidum Nitricum. 

Nitric Acid. 

This is prepared by manufacturing chemists from nitrates 
and sulphuric acid. 

The acid directed in the United States Pharmacopoeia is 
what is commercially termed " C. P." nitric acid. 

The United States, British and French Pharmacopoeias 
direct a preparation containing about 70 per cent., while the 
German official acid contains only 30 per cent, of real acid. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 



38. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum, U. S. 

Diluted Nitric Acid. 

Nitric Acid I part or 1103 grains. 

Distilled Water, ... 6 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
Mix, and preserve in glass-stoppered bottles. 
This contains 10 per cent, of real acid. The new British 
Pharmacopoeia directs a preparation containing 17.44 per cent, 
of real nitric acid. 

This is sometimes given as an acid tonic in doses of 20 to 
40 minims. 

39. Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum, U. S. 

Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, 1880 — Nitro-Muriatic Acid, 1870. 
As the 1870 and 1880 United States preparations are so 
different, they are both presented. 

1870. 1880. 

Nitric Acid, by weight, . . 3 ounces, 1% ounces. 
Hydrochloric Acid, by weight, 5 ounces, 5 ounces. 
Mix in a graduate of at least double the capacity of the 
preparation. This should be made several days before using 
to give the acids time to combine thoroughly. 

This is used as a solvent for gold, and medicinally as a tonic, 
in baths, the proportion for baths being from 1 to 4 fl. ounces 
to a gallon of water. 

40. Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum Dilutum. 

Diluted Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, 1880 — Diluted Nitro- 
Muriatic Acid, 1870. 
As the proportions of the 1870 and 1880 Pharmacopoeias 
are so different, we give them both. 

1870. 1880. 

Nitric Acid 720 grains. 320 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1200 grains. 1200 grains. 
Distilled Water, sufficient to 

make a pint. a pint. 

Mix the acids in a large graduate, and when clTcrvcscensc 
lias ceased add the water. 



64 At IDA — ACIDS. 



The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs this acid to be made 
as follows : 

Nitric Acid, 3 fi. ounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 4 fi. ounces. 

Distilled Water 25 fl. ounces. 

Add the acids to the water and keep the mixture in a glass- 
stoppered bottle for 14 days before it is used. This very 
nearly corresponds with the U. S. 1870 formula. 

The dose of this acid is from 5 to 20 minims largely diluted. 

41. Acidum Oleicum. 

Oleic Acid. 

This is the fatty acid with which alkalies and bases unite to 
form soaps or oleates. It is prepared by manufacturing chem- 
ists, by treating fats with superheated steam or by the saponi- 
fication of olein. It is used chiefly for making the class of 
galenicals called " Oleates," which see. 

42. Acidum Phosphoricum. 

PJwspJwric Acid. 

The present United States officinal phosphoric acid is a 
liquid of the consistence of thin syrup (sp. gr., 1.347), contain- 
ing 50 per cent, of orthophosphoric acid. 

The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia has a similar, but more 
concentrated, preparation, which is called "concentrated phos- 
phoric acid." It contains 66.3 per cent, of real acid and has 
sp. gr. 1,500. The German officinal phosphoric acid contains 
only 20 per cent, of real acid, and has sp. gr. 1.120. The 
United States officinal preparation is very convenient, as it. 
can be diluted wfth four times its weight of distilled water for 
the officinal diluted phosphoric acid. This acid is seldom 
prepared by retail druggists, but may be readily made by those 
who wish, but as it is supplied at a fair price by manufacturing 
chemists it is hardly profitable to make it in a small way. It 
should be kept on hand for making dilute phosphoric acid 
extemporaneously in small quantities, as that spoils if long 
prepared. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 65 



Phosphoric acid is used mainly as a solvent for mineral 
phosphates, and for making diluted phosphoric acid. It is a 
nerve tonic and vitalizer. The dilute acid is usually prescribed. 

Glacial phosphoric acid is a solid, impure metaphosphoric 
acid, now but little used. 

A late process of making phosphoric acid by slow atmo- 
spheric oxidation has been proposed by Adolph Sommer, of 
California, and as it is of general interest to pharmacists, and 
may readily be employed by them, we repeat a portion of it 
here. The entire article was published in THE FORMULARY, 
January, 1886: 

NEW PROCESS FOR MAKING PHOSPHORIC 
ACID. 

Several forms of apparatus may be employed for making phos- 
phoric acid from phosphorus by atmospheric oxidation. Three of 
these forms are herewith described: 

I. 

A common tin can, with removable cover, is made perfectly water- 
tight by resoldering the seams. Through the center of the cover a 
hole is punched just large enough for the stem of a long ther- 
mometer to pass through, and three or four more holes, if not more 
than y% inch in diameter are made near the circumference of the 
cover. All around the inside of the can there is suspended by little 
hooks, which are formed by making incisions into the upper edge of 
the can, a piece of cloth reaching from the top to the bottom of the 
can. In the can is placed a glass jar which must be able to hold at 
least 3^4 times as much water by weight as there is P. to be 
oxidized. A funnel, amply large enough to hold the P., and wider 
than the jar, is placed upon the latter, and the funnel tube loosely 
closed by a piece of glass. [Instead of a glass jar and funnel a 
bottle may be used which has been cut in two at about three-fourths 
of its height. The upper and smaller portion of the bottle is 
inverted and placed into the lower portion, and answers the purpose 
of holding the P. quite well.] Four or five times as much water as 
the weight of the l\ is then poured into the space between the tin 
ran and tin- glass jar, and the whole apparatus filled with carbonic 
acid gas. When by the extinction of a burning taper, which is 
introduced into the upper portion of the can, it becomes evident 
that the atmospheric air has been entirely displaced, the sticks of P. 
are laid in the funnel, the thermometer bulb buried between the 
sticks of P., the cover put on the can, and all openings, save one, 
Closed by plugs. Through the open hole carbonic acid is passed 
into the apparatus lor a short time, in order to remove the air which 
has entered the apparatus during the introduction of the 1'. When 



00 



A.CIDA — ACI] >S. 





Fig. i. — /, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; /, cloth 
lining ; c, tin can. 

Fig. 2. — ■/, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; b, bottle 
(inverted) ; s, perforated stopper ; a, flower pot ; g, glass tube with opening on its 
side ; //, line of the cut. 



Fig. 4. — ■/, funnel filled with P ; /, thermometer ; j, glass jar ; w, water ; s, per- 
forated stopper ; a, flower pot ; g, bent glass tube ; c, tin pan. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 67 



this is considered accomplished, the last hole is closed, the 
apparatus put in a cool place, which is not. exposed to draught, 
and allowed to stand at rest for some time. When it is observed 
that the temperature within remains constant, one hole is opened 
and the apparatus left undisturbed for at least 24 hours. If the 
temperature within this time has not approached 35 ° C, another 
hole may be opened, and the same precautions observed as before. 
The number of holes that can thus be opened, before the critical 
temperature (above 35 ° C.) is reached, depends of course upon the 
temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the apparatus. If, at 
any time, from an excessive supply of air, or from an unusually 
high temperature of the atmosphere, the temperature of the P. 
should rise above 35 ° C. there is great danger that it will, as the 
writer has found to his sorrow in several instances, rapidly reach 
the melting point of P., which is 45 C. When this occurs and the 
P. melts it will naturally run into the receiver (the glass jar), and 
there, being screened from the action of the air by a covering of 
acid liquid, congeal into a solid cake. It then becomes necessary to 
take the apparatus apart, to remove the P. from the receiver, and to 
recommence the whole operation. After, however, the apparatus 
has once been regulated, it requires no further attention until the 
P. is entirely oxidized, which can be known by the thermometer 
indicating the same temperature within the apparatus as prevails 
without. 

It may seem desirable to have an explanation of some of the 
features adopted in this apparatus. The water in the apparatus was 
found necessary, because the ordinary atmospheric air does not 
contain sufficient moisture to dissolve the coating of oxides formed 
on the sticks of P. as rapidly as it is formed; but it was also found, 
that, unless by some means, the water was brought to the space 
above the P., the air entering the apparatus would not become 
moist sufficiently fast to produce the effect desired. A piece of 
cloth, lining the inside, and capable of drawing the water from the 
bottom to the top of the apparatus, suggested itself as the simplest 
means of effecting this purpose, and it does fulfill this function 
very satisfactorily. The reason for the adoption of several small 
holes instead of a single large opening, as a means of regulating 
the supply of air, is so evident that it needs no explanation. This 
style of apparatus is, however, not very durable, because of the 
slight, though perceptible, evaporation of the P., which causes a 
deposit of phosphoric acid to form on the inside of the tin can. 
This acid deposit slowly corrodes the tinned iron, and causes, after 
about three months of continuous operation, the formation of holes 
in the sides of the can. Through these holes an excessive amount 
of air is liable to enter the apparatus and cause the melting of the P. 

II. 

For the construction of a continuous and transparent oxidizing 

chamber a thick bottle, preferably one of white and very clear glass, 



68 ACIDA — ACIDS. 

is selected, and the bottom very carefully cut off. (This cutting or 
cracking is best done by means of specially prepared carbon pencils 
made of powdered charcoal, saltpeter and tragacanth.) A common 
unglazed flower-pot, the largest that will go into the bottle, is 
inserted into the open bottle, so that the bottom of the flower-pot 
is directly over and in contact with the neck of the bottle. A 
funnel, the conical part of which is at least one inch shorter than 
the flower-pot, is then inserted in such a way that the funnel-tube 
passes through the bottom of the flower-pot and the neck of the 
bottle. Into the neck of the bottle the funnel-tube is securely 
fastened by means of a perforated rubber stopper or paraffined cork, 
which must be water-tight. Over the protruding end of the funnel- 
tube is fastened, by means of a bit of rubber tubing, a piece of 
glass tube, closed at one end and having a hole on one side. This 
closed tube is pushed so far over the funnel-tube that the opening 
in its side is a little above the end of the funnel-tube. 

This portion of the apparatus is then placed, neck downwards, 
over a large glass jar. 

Through the centre of the bottom, which was cut off the bottle, a 
hole of at least five-eighths of an inch in diameter is drilled. The 
bottom is then put into its original position on the bottle and fastened 
by glueing strips of paper over the joint. The hole which was drilled 
through the bottom is loosely closed by a paraffined cork, through 
which passes a thermometer. 

When the oxidizing chamber is thus completed, the cork is re- 
moved, and by means of a funnel, having a long bent tube, water 
poured into the space between the walls of the bottle and the flower- 
pot, until its level is within a short distance from the upper edge of 
the funnel within the flower-pot. A few Cubic-centimeters of water 
are also poured into the funnel until the water in the closed glass- 
tube, which is attached to the end of the funnel-tube, reaches a little 
over the end of the funnel-tube. 

Then a tube connected with a carbonic acid generator is inserted 
into the hole and carbonic acid gas passed into the oxidizing cham- 
ber. When the air within has been entirely displaced by the gas, 
sticks of P. are dropped through the hole into the funnel, until the 
latter is nearly filled. The thermometer and cork are then placed 
into position and the apparatus allowed to stand for a few hours. 
Then some notches are cut lengthwise into the cork and the appar- 
atus again left undisturbed for about 24 hours. If at the end of this 
time the temperature of the P. is below 35. ° C, a little more ventila- 
tion may be given by enlarging the notches in the cork. Whenever it 
is seen that the P. is nearly consumed or the water evaporated, a fresh 
supply is added through the hole without taking the apparatus apart. 

The flower-pot in this apparatus performs the same function as it 
fulfilled in the former (1), by the cloth lining, namely, that of absorb- 
ing the water and moistening the air. The closed glass tube which 
is attached to the funnel prevents the access of air from below to the 
P. in the oxidizing chamber. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 



The acid that is formed runs down the funnel into the closed glass 
tube, and thence through the lateral opening into the glass jar, which 
serves as receiver. 

III. 

A still simpler form of a continuous oxidizing chamber I have 
constructed in the following manner : Through the bottom of a tin 
pan a hole of about one inch in diameter is cut, and a tube of tinned 
iron about half-inch long soldered into it. By means of a perforated 
cork a funnel is fastened into this hole so that the funnel-tube passes 
through the bottom, while the body of the funnel is inside of the tin 
pan. Into the end of the funnel-tube is inserted and fastened by a 
bit of rubber tubing a glass tube bent in a half circle. A common 
unglazed flower-pot is inverted over the body of the funnel and a 
paraffined cork with a thermometer inserted into the hole, which is 
in the bottom of the flower-pot. The whole apparatus is then placed 
over a glass jar and some water poured into the tin pan. 

The tin pan may advantageously be displaced by a wooden water 
bucket, whereby the apparatus becomes almost indestructible. 

After the pouring of a few drops of water into the funnel, whereby 
the bend of the glass tube is closed against a downward escape of 
gas, the apparatus is either filled with carbonic acid gas in the man- 
ner described under (2), or the oxygen is simply removed therefrom 
by burning P. in the interior. For this latter purpose a small iron 
deflagrating spoon, which will pass through the hole in the flower- 
pot, is employed. A bit of P. is laid into the spoon, ignited and 
quickly inserted into the flower-pot immediately closed by means of 
a cork. The apparatus is left undisturbed for a short time, until the 
air within has cooled to the normal temperature. The introduction 
of burning P. is then once more repeated, and after cooling the 
apparatus charged with P. through the hole in the flower-pot. 

The further manipulations and precautions are the same as have 
been given in the description of style (II). 

The rate at which the P. is oxidized by my method is a compara- 
tively slow one. In an apparatus of style I., in which the tempera- 
ture was kept on an average eleven degrees higher than that of the 
surrounding air, and the P., which was in the form of a solid cake of 
nearly five inches in diameter, exposed a surface of about 18 square 
inches, the P. was oxidized at the rate of about 10 Grains a day. 
The difference between the inner and outer temperature does not 
seem to be affected to any extent by an increase or decrease of the 
prevailing temperature; for nearly 200 observations which were 
taken at temperatures of the atmosphere ranging from 10 to 22 C, 
gave, while all other conditions remained equal, an almost constant 
ence. 

The arid which collects in the receivers has a specific gravity of 
[.48 to [.5, and is composed mainly of phosphorus and phosphoric 
.f ids in tin- proportion of 1 to 4, besides water. The exact 



70 A.CIDA — ACIDS. 



composition differs with circumstances, and the determination of 
those circumstances may be the subject of some future paper. 

The further treatment of this acid is in every respect the same as 
has already been described under Prof. Wenzell's process ; but an 
acid prepared by my method has this great advantage over the one 
prepared by the former process, that it is already highly concentrated, 
and requires very little evaporation before the arsemous acid is 

reduced. 7 ■•. . , . , 

The oxidation of phosphorus acid to phosphoric acid by means op 
Bromine. Bromhydric acid by product. 

The product of the slow aerial oxidation of Phosphorus contains 
about i molecule of phosphorous acid to 4 molecules of phosphoric 
acid and besides these some impurities, such as arsenious acid and 
others mostly derived from the phosphorus. Of these impurities 
the arsenious acid is particularly objectionable and must be removed 
before the process of oxidizing is entered upon. The removal of the 
Arsenic as has been described in my article on " The manufacture 
of phosphoric acid from Phosphorus," is best effected by heating 
this acid to 190 C, subsequent diluting and filtering, after which 
the acid is readv to be oxidized. Heretofore nitric acid has been 
the only substance employed for this purpose, but since the price of 
Br has become so low (about 35c. per lb. in 5 lb. bottles) that it cost 
no longer is prohibitory to its employment in the industries, and 
furthermore since the value of hydrobromic acid has been recognized 
both in analytical chemistry as well as in therapeutics,— it may prove 
advantageous to substitute Br. for nitric acid in the oxidation of 
phosphorus to phosphoric acid. 
From the equation 

H 3 P0 3 + Br. 2 + H 2 0=H 3 P0 4 +2HBr. 
82 159.5 18 98 161. 5. 

it will be seen that it requires nearly 2 parts of Br. to every 1 part of 
phosphorous acid. But the total acidity of the mixture of phosphor- 
ous and phosphoric acids, when of a sp. gr. of 1.48 is about 66 per 
cent the composition of which approximates the proportion of 1 
molecule (or 12$ of H 3 P0 3 to 4 molecules (or 54^) H 3 P0 4 . To 
convert the 12 per cent, of phosphorous acid into phosphoric acid 
would require theoretically 2x12 = 24 per cent, of Br. This result 
agrees very closely with that obtained in practice where it was found 
that with an acid of a sp. gr. of about 1.48 there was needed a httle 
over one-fourth of its weight of Br. to complete its oxidation. This 
operation may be performed, after the Arsenic has been removed, 
either in a bottle containing the acid and Br. by shaking this mixture 
from time to time (it must however not be shaken too often nor 
too much at one time, since a considerable amount of heat is liberated 
by the reaction, which may easily reach the boiling point of Br.— 
65 C), or it may be accomplished more rapidly by pouring the two 
substances into a retort and keeping the mixture agitated by slowly 
passing air through. 



ACIDS. 71 



In order to prevent any Br. vapor, which is carried off by the air, 
from contaminating the atmosphere of the laboratory, I caused the 
air, which escaped from the retort, to pass through two bottles con- 
taining a solution of caustic potash. When the mixture is no longer 
decolorized on standing for about 24 hours, but retains a permanent 
orange color, which is due to an access of Br., the oxidation may be 
considered completed. The excess of Br., is best removed by the 
addition of a small portion of the unoxidized mixture of acids, which 
has been reserved for this purpose. 

A still better plan by which the liability of introducing a large ex- 
cess of Br. into the acid is avoided, but which requires a little longer 
time than the one related last, consists in pouring the acid to be 
oxidized into a large wide-mouth glass-stoppered bottle and the Br. 
into another but smaller glass-stoppered bottle, which will go into 
the larger one. After the open bottle with Br. has been inserted into 
the bottle with acids and the latter closed, the Br. gradually evapor- 
ates and oxidizes through its vapor, which is absorbed by the acids, 
the phosphorous to phosphoric acid. When the interior temperature 
of the apparatus is kept below 25. C. the acids do not consume the 
Br. as rapidly as it evaporates and therefore are under these condi- 
tions always : dark-orange colored, unless the supply of Br. vapor 
is shut off by closing the Br. bottle, whereupon the color of the acids 
disappears within 24 hours. 

But when the apparatus is kept in a moderately warm place, where 
the temperature is 25 ° C. or over, the reducing power of the phos- 
phorous acid is so much increased that the mixture of acids remains 
colorless, or acquires only a light orange color so long as any phos- 
phorous acid is left unoxidized. But as soon as this acid has disap- 
peared, the liquid assumes a dark orange color, when the bottle with 
Br. is to be lifted out, closed and kept for the next operation. 

There remains then only the separation of the bromhydric acid 
from the phosphoric acid, which is accomplished by distillation in a 
retort from an oil bath. The precautions which have been pointed 
out in a previous article on the manufacture of bromhydric acid in 
regard to its liability to decomposition by organic substances, have 
to be observed here. The mere insertion of the neck of the retort 
into a well-cooled receiver is sufficient. Neither luting nor rubber 
connections are necessary. The first portion which comes over con- 
sists principally of water (and Br., if this has not been removed in 
the manner stated above), and should be withdrawn, before the 
bromhydric acid, which does not evaporate to any great extent until 
a temperature of about 125 C. has been reached, begins to distill. 
The distillation is continued until a temperature of about 180 C. is 
reached, when the lire is extinguished and the receiver with brom- 
hydric acid detached. The retort and its contents are allowed to 
stand till cold, when a quantity of water equal to about one-third of 
the bulk of the contents is poured into the retort. Heat is then 
again applied and the distillation continued until the temperature 
within the retort has reached the same height as before. This second 



72 A( IDA— ACIDS. 

distillation serves to remove a portion of bromhydric acid, which 
cannot be removed in the first distillation. 

The phosphoric acid, which forms the residue in the retort, is a 
black syrupy liquid, which, however, after dilution with water, diges- 
tion with about one-half per cent, of purified animal charcoal and 
subsequent filtration through white filtering paper (best, the brand 
known as "Chlorine paper") becomes perfectly colorless. 

The black color of the phosphoric acid is due to an organic im- 
purity of the commercial Br., which, it is said, is derived from the 
luting of the stills, in the composition of which tar is used. 

The bromhydric acid which has distilled over, requires to be redis- 
tilled before it can be considered sufficiently pure for pharmaceutical 
purposes. 

If the addition of Br. is made to an acid, from which the arsenic 
has not been removed, the entire amount of arsenic will distill over 
with the bromhydric acid, while the phosphoric acid will be found 
free from arsenic. 



43. Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum. 

Diluted Phosphoric Acid. 
The United States 1880 formula is as follows: 

Phosphoric Acid (50 per cent.), 2 parts or 1541 grains. 

Distilled Water, . . 8 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
Mix, and keep in a cool place. 
This contains 10 per cent, of real acid. 
The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs 

Concentrated Phosphoric Acid, Br. P., . 3 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 20 fl. ounces. 
Mix. 

This contains 13.8 per cent, of real acid H. ? P0 4 , or 10 pet- 
cent, of phosphoric anhydride P 2 5 . 

Diluted phosphoric acid is much used as an invigorator and 
vitalizer for nervous debility, sexual weakness, etc. 

The dose is from 10 to 30 minims or more. 

" Acid phosphate" is a solution of mineral phosphates in 
phosphoric or diluted phosphoric acid. See Solutions and 
Standard Remedies. 



ACIDA — ACIDS. 73 

( 

44. Acidum Sulphuricum. 

Sulphuric Acid. 

The C. P. sulphuric acid of commerce corresponds to the 
requirements of the Pharmacopoeias which direct it to contain 
96 to 98 per cent, of real acid H 2 S0 4 . It is prepared by 
manufacturing chemists. 

Haller's Acid Drops {Acidus Liquor Halleri) is a mixture 
of equal weights of sulphuric acid and alcohol. They should 
be mixed by adding the acid slowly and gradually to the 
alcohol. 

45. Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. [Elixir of Vitriol.) 

Although this preparation more properly belongs among 
the tinctures it is classed by the pharmacopoeias with the 
acids, and, is, therefore, given here. 

The United States 1870 formula contained about 14 per 
cent, of acid (1305 grains), and was made aromatic by ginger 
(203 grains), and cinnamon (327 grains) in powder, with alco- 
hol enough to make a pint. 

The 1880 formula directs about 20 per cent, of acid, and 
substitutes tincture of ginger and oil of cinnamon for the 
powders. 

1 [ere is the formula : 

Sulphuric Acid, by weight, .... 1392 grains. 

Tincture of Ginger, 378 minims. 

Oil of Cinnamon 7 minims. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make a pint. 

Add the acid slowly to 8 ounces of alcohol, then add the 
tincture and oil and enough alcohol to make the measure a 
pint. 

The [885 British formula contains only 12.5 per cent, of 
real acid. It is composed of 1 II. ounce each, strong tincture 
of ginger and spirit of cinnamon, 1 ■_. fl.ounce sulphuric acid, 
and [8 fl. ounces of rectified spirit. 



74 ACIDA — ACIDS. 

Aromatic sulphuric acid is an acid tonic and astringent 
used for hemorrhage, night sweats, etc. 

The dose of the United States preparation is from 5 to 20 
minims diluted with water. 

46. Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid. 

The United States officinal preparation is as follows: 
Sulphuric Acid, . 1 part or 779 grains. 
Distilled Water, . . 9 parts or q. s. to make a pint. 
Mix, by adding the acid gradually to the water. This con- 
tains 10 per cent, of real acid. 

The British 1885 officinal formula directs 

Sulphuric Acid, !350 grains. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to 

make 20 fi. ounces, Imperial. 

Mix, by adding the acid gradually to the water. This con- 
tains 13.65 per cent, of real acid, being about a third stronger 
than the United States preparation. 

The German officinal is 1 part acid to 5 of water. 

Diluted sulphuric acid is the most used of any of the dilute 
acids. It is employed as an acid tonic and a solvent for 
quinine and other salts. 

The dose is from 5 to 40 minims, in water. 

47. Acidum Sulphurosum. 

Sulphurous Acid. 
The United States preparation is made by adding 

Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts. 

To Charcoal, 1 part. 

And distilling into Distilled Water, ... 50 parts. 

Until the water has absorbed 3^ per cent, of sulphurous acid 
gas. 

The 1885 British formula directs the preparation to contain 
6.4 per cent, of real sulphurous acid H 2 S0 3 . 



ADEPS — LARD. 75 



It is used externally in some forms of skin diseases, and 
internally as a germicide in zymotic diseases, etc. 
The dose is from x / 2 to I fl. drachm. 

48. Acidum Valerianicum. 

Valerianic Acid. 

This is prepared from valerian, or artificially from fousel oil 
and chromic acid, and is chiefly used for making: valerianates. 



ADEPS — LARD. 

The name lard is applied commercially to the rendered fat 
of the hog, Sits scrofa. In pharmacy the term is intended to 
apply only to lard purified by washing with water, melting 
and straining. The U. S. Pharmacopoeia designates this 
simply by the name adeps, or lard, but the Br. Ph. more 
properly terms it adeps prceparatus, or prepared lard. 

Since the introduction of Petrolatum and Lanolin the use 
of lard as an ointment base has very much decreased, and 
much controversy has arisen as to which is the most valuable 
for this purpose. It has been shown that, although petrola- 
tum ointments do not become rancid, they arc not so readily 
absorbed as those made with lard, and that the reactions 
which are desired in some of them do not take place when 
petrolatum is substituted for lard. Lard is still retained as 
the ointment-base of the pharmacopoeias, but will no doubt be 
gradually replaced by some more suitable vehicle. 

The medicinal preparations in which lard is used will be 
found under the headings Cerata, Unguenta, etc. 

49. Adeps Prasparatus. 

Prepared Lard- - Washed Lard. 

The usual method of washing lard is to spread it on a 
stone or earthenware slab, and allow a small stream of water 
to trickle over it, at the same time working it well with .1 
spatula or other convenient mixer. Altera thorough washing 
in this way it is melted and strained. 



ADEPS — LARD. 



We suggest the following method, which will be found more 
convenient and will secure better results : 

Melt the lard and pour it into any convenient bottle that 
will hold three times the quantity desired to be washed. Fill 
the bottle nearly full of hot water, and while the mixture is 
cooling agitate it frequently ; by this means the lard is granu- 
lated or reduced to small fragments. When cool, pour off the 
water and add fresh cold water to the granulated lard ; agitate, 
pour off the water, add fresh cold water again, and so con- 
tinue until the lard is thoroughly washed, when it may be 
melted by water-bath and strained into earthen pots. By add- 
ing a fl. drachm of Tincture of Benzoin to each pound of the lard 
when melted previous to straining it will keep unchanged. 

Prepared lard is used for making benzoinated lard, simple 
cerate, simple ointment and some other cerates and oint- 
ments, therefore it may be said to be the base of the officinal 
ointments and cerates. It is to be regretted, however, that 
it is so seldom used when directed, the majority of druggists, 
either through ignorance or neglect, using unwashed lard 
instead and then wondering why their ointments so soon 
become rancid. Besides its use in medicinal preparations, 
washed lard is extensively employed in Continental Europe, 
for absorbing the odors of flowers. Flower "pomades" are 
made by spreading layers of flowers on a thin stratum of 
washed lard, and renewing them as often as the odor of the 
flowers is well absorbed. From 24 to 30 layers of flowers are 
thus used before the washed lard is thoroughly saturated with 
the perfume. The process is called enfleurage, and the 
pomades made by the process are known as No. 24 or No. 30 
pomades — the numbers indicating the number of times fresh 
flowers have been supplied to the lard during the process. 

50. Adeps Benzoinatus. 

Benzoinated Lard— Benzoinated Ointment. 
Benzoin, in coarse powder, . 2 parts or 140 grains. 

Prepared Lard, 100 parts or 1 pound. 

Melt the lard by heat not exceeding 140 F., add the 
benzoin and macerate with frequent stirring for two hours, 



.ETHERA — ETHERS. 77 



then strain to remove the particles of benzoin. This will keep 
unchanged for any length of time, and is therefore mainly 
used as an ointment base, and for general pharmaceutical 
purposes when lard is desired. The odorous balsam of the 
benzoin is dissolved by the lard, and acts as a preservative. 

The 1870 U. S. P. directed tincture of benzoin to be used 
instead of the powder, but it has been found objectionable 
because of the irritation which is produced when the lard thus 
prepared is applied. 






ETHERA — ETHERS. 

Ethers are volatile liquids, which, from their property of 
rapid evaporation have derived their name Ether (air). They 
are chemically oxides of alcohol radicals, made by mixing- 
acids with alcohols, etc., and distilling over the lighter portions. 
They are mostly inflammable, and of low specific gravity. 

The name EtJicr is applied in pharmacy only to the variety 
known commercially as sulphuric ether, and chemically as 
ethyl oxide ; other ethers are known commercially by the 
names of the acids with which the alcohol radical is combined, 
as acetic ether, nitrous ether, or chemically by the names of 
the acid and alcohol radical, as amyl acetate, ethyl nitrite, etc. 
Some substances are termed ethers which are not properly so 
classed, as petroleum ethers, while others which are properly 
ethers do not bear the name, as nitrite of amyl, etc. 

Ethers require conveniences for making not generally at 
hand except in chemical laboratories, and are therefore usually 
supplied by manufacturing chemists. 

The ethers chiefly used in pharmacy are derived from the 
amy] and ethyl radicals. The amy] ethers are mainly used 
for making artificial fruit and liquor flavors; and the ethyl 
ethers are chiefly used in medicine. Besides these, ethers are 
made from Methyl, Propyl, Butyl, Caproyl, and some other 
alcohol radicals. They are chiefly used in making artificial 
fruit flavors. Nearly all acids ma)- be combined with these 
radicals to form ethers, the combination being the same chem- 
ically as when acids unite with other bases to form salts. 



.ETHERA — ETHERS. 



except that the ethers are always gaseous or liquid, and are 
separated by distillation. 

Under this heading will be considered the preparations 
which are official or well known commercially as ethers, and 
a few ethereal preparations not otherwise classified ; other 
ethereal preparations will be mentioned under the headings 
in which they properly belong. 

Ethyl Ethers. — Various acids combine with ordinary 
i Ethyl) Alcohol (C 2 H 5 HO) to form a variety of Ethers. Sev- 
eral of these are used in medicine and in making medicinal 
preparations; while some of them are used to prepare artificial 
fruit and liquor flavors. 

The following list includes most of the Ethyl Ethers that 
are used. They are known commercially as Ethers : 

Ethyl Acetate C,H 5 C 2 H 8 2 Acetic Ether. 

Ethyl Benzoate C 2 H 5 C~H 5 Benzoic Ether. 

Ethyl Bromide CoH 5 Br. Hydrobromic Ether. 

Ethyl Butyrate C.,H 3 C 4 H 7 0.> Butyric Ether. 

Ethyl Chloride C 2 H 5 C1. Hydrochloric Ether. 

Ethyl Formiate C s H 5 CH0 2 Formic Ether. 

Ethvl Todide "CoH 3 I Hydriodic Ether. 

Ethyl Nitrite C s H 5 NO s Nitrous Ether. 

Ethyl Oxide (C.,H,) 2 Sulphuric Ether. 

Ethyl Pelargonate C 8 H 5 C 9 H 17 O s Pelargonic Ether. 

Ethvl (Enanthvlate C,H 5 C 7 H 13 2 CEnanthic Ether. 

Ethyl Sebacate' C 2 H 5 C 10 H 16 O 5 Sebacic Eth er. 

Of the foregoing Butyric Ether resembles pineapple in flavor, 
and is often called Pineapple Oil. OEnanthic Ether resembles 
the greengage or plum in flavor, Pelargonic Ether the quince, 
and Sebacic Ether the melon. 

51. either. 

Ether—Sulphuric Ether— Ethyl Oxide. 
(QH 5 ) 2 0. 
This is prepared by mixing sulphuric acid and alcohol grad- 
ually in a retort, distilling over the lighter portions, and puri- 
fying the distillate by shaking with a solution of chloride of 
calcium and slacked lime. 

The U. S. P. describes under the name of Ether a liquid 
composed of 74 per cent, of ethyl oxide and 26 per cent, of 
alcohol, containing a little water, sp. gr. 0.750, and under the 



ETHERS. 79 



name of Stronger Ether, a liquid containing 94 per cent, of ethyl 
oxide and 6 per cent, of alcohol, sp. gr. 0.725. The former is 
known commercially as sulphuric ether or common ether, while 
the latter is known as concentrated ether. The 1 885 Br. P. ether 
contains 92 per cent, of ethyl oxide, which nearly corresponds 
with the U. S. stronger ether. 

.Esther Fortier. — Stronger Ether is used in medicine as 
an anaesthetic, by inhalation, and locally in the form of spray 
for the same purpose ; and is given internally, much diluted 
or combined with other medicines, as an anodyne. It is used 
in pharmacy for making collodion, oleo-resins, tinctures and 
other galenicals. Common ether is generally used externally. 
The dose of stronger ether when administered internally is 
from 20 to 60 minims, largely diluted. 

Purified Ether.— Manufacturing chemists furnish under this 
name a pure ether for anaesthetic use. The 1885 Br. P. directs 
such a preparation, calling it yEther Punts. It is simply pure 
oxide of ethyl (C 2 H 5 ) 2 0, free from alcohol and water. 

Washed Ether is a commercial term for Ether of about 
0.735 specific gravity, used in the arts. It is also called 
Letheon. 

52. ^ther Aceticus. 

Acetic Ether — Acetate of Ethyl— Ethyl Acetate. 

GHoQHA. 
This is prepared by mixing sulphuric acid and alcohol grad- 
ually, adding acetate of sodium and distilling, then shaking 
the distillate with carbonate of potassium and redistilling. Its 
specific gravity is from 0.889 to 0.897. It is used as a flavor- 
ing ingredient in medicinal preparations, and is considerably 
employed in making artificial fruit flavors. 

53. ^ther Hydrobromicus. 
Hydrobromic Ether- Ethyl Bromide. 

C,II,Br. 
This ether is made from bromine and alcohol by the aid of 
phosphorus, distillation and purification. 



80 .KTHKKOLES OR ETHERATES. 

It has been somewhat used as an anaesthetic in place of 
chloroform, but its use has not yet become general. Its action 
is said to be more rapid and less disagreeable than chloroform. 

54. JEther Hydrochloricus. 

Chloric Ether — Spirit of Chloroform. 

Chloride of Ethyl was formerly prescribed under the name 
of Chloric or Hydrochloric Ether, but has now been supplanted 
in practice by Spirit of Chloroform, which is made by dissolv- 
ing one part of Chloroform in nine parts of Alcohol. A sim- 
ilar preparation was formerly sold under the name of Dutch 
Liquid. It consisted of Bichloride of Ethylene, which is iso- 
meric with Chloride of Ethyl. 

55. ^Ether Nitrosus. 

Nitrous Ether— Nitrite of Ethyl— Ethyl Nitrite. 
QH 5 N0 2 . 

Preparations bearing the name of Concentrated Nitrous Ether 
and other similar titles, have of late been extensively adver- 
tised and sold for the purpose of making Spirit of Nitrous 
Ether. This ether is the same that is formed in the official 
process of making Spirit of Nitrous Ether (which see) before 
the alcohol is added. In this form it has only recently become 
an article of commerce. It is extremely volatile, and requires 
to be carefully handled to prevent accident. To make Spirit 
of Nitrous Ether it has only to be mixed with 19 times its 
weight of alcohol. 



iETHEROLES OR ETHERATES. 

These are simply solutions of various medicinal substances 
in Ether, the same as Alcoholes or Spirits are solutions of 
medicinal substances in Alcohol. They are officinal in the 
French text-books, and are not infrequently prescribed or 
called for in this country. For other etherial preparations see 
Collodion, Oleo-resin, Etherial Tinctures, etc. 



^THEROLES OR ETHERATES. 81 

56. Etherate of Ammonia. 

Water of Ammonia, 22 , by weight, . . . 1 part. 

Stronger Ether, by weight, 1 part. 

Mix. 

This is used as an application for rheumatism, neuralgia, 
headache, etc. 



57. Etherate of Camphor. 

Camphor, by weight, 1 part. 

Ether (76 per cent.), by weight 9 parts. 

Dissolve the Camphor in the Ether. 

This is used as an application for toothache, headache, pain, 
swelling, etc., and as an anti-spasmodic for convulsions, croup, 
etc. A saturated solution of Camphor in Ether is also used. 



58. Etherate of Cantharides. 

Cantharides, in fine powder, 1 part. 

Ether, 2 parts. 

Mix together and set in a warm place, in a closely-stopped 
bottle, for 7 days, agitating daily; then pour off the liquid and 
press the drugs as rapidly as possible to avoid evaporation 

This is used as a vesicant, but has been mostly superseded 
by Cantharidal Collodion, which see. 



59. Etherate of Chloride of Zinc. 

Chloride of Zinc, by weight, 15 parts. 

Stronger Ether, by weight, 60 parts. 

Absolute Alcohol, by weight, 30 parts. 

Mix and decant after standing a few hours. 

This is given as an anti-spasmodic, in doses of 2 to 4 drops, 
administered in syrup. 



82 /ETHEROLES OR ETHERATES. 

60. Etherate of Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus 1 part. 

Spirit or Essence of Peppermint, ... 12 parts. 
Stronger Ether 150 parts. 

Put the Phosphorus with the Essence in a small bottle 
tightly stopped and warm by water-bath until the phosphorus 
is melted, agitate constantly while cooling, to divide the phos- 
phorus, then add the Ether and allow to macerate for several 
days with frequent agitation. This is similar to several tinc- 
tures and solutions of Phosphorus, and may be used whenever 
Phosphorus in a free state is indicated. Dose, 2 minims, on 
sugar. Two minims represent about -^ grain of Phosphorus. 
The above is the formula of Lcebelius. Another Ether of 
Phosphorus is sometimes used, but is an unsafe remedy on 
account of its strength. It is as follows: 

Phosphorus, 1 part. 

Stronger Ether, 50 parts. 

Macerate with frequent agitation in a small well-stopped 
bottle for 30 days. 

61. Etherate of Sulphur. 

Washed Sulphur, 1 part. 

Stronger Ether, 10 parts. 

Mix, and macerate with frequent agitation for 30 days. 

This is given in doses of 2 to 5 minims as a preventive and 
cure for cholera and other zymotic and septic diseases. 

62. ^therum Oleum, U. S. 

Etherial Oil— Heavy Oil of 11 'inc. 

" A volatile liquid consisting of equal volumes of Heavy Oil 
of Wine and Stronger Ether." 

Alcohol, by weight, 24 parts. 

Sulphuric Acid, by weight 54 parts. 

Distilled Water, by weight, 1 part. 

Stronger Ether, by weight, a sufficient quantity. 



ALBUMEN. . 83 






As this is seldom made by druggists we do not repeat the 
directions for making here, but refer to the U. S. P., page 232. 
It is generally made and supplied by manufacturing chemists, 
and is used in medicine only in the preparation of Spiritus 
yEtheris Compositus, or Hoffman's Anodyne. 

63. ^thyleni Bichloridum — Bichloride of 
Ethyline — (Dutch Liquid). 

This liquid was discovered by Holland chemists in 1795, 
and was used for a long time as an anodyne and anaesthetic 
until superseded by ether and chloroform. It is still much 
called for among the Holland Dutch. Its chemical formula is 
C 2 H 4 C1 2 . It is used by inhalation, the same as ether, or 
mixed with twice its weight of alcohol, making a preparation 
similar to Hoffman's Anodyne, and given in doses of from 10 
to 30 minims. 



ALBUMEN. 

The most common and familiar form of Albumen is the 
white of egg {Albumen Ovi), which is freshly obtained from 
hen's eggs, or may be had in the market dried in scales or 
granulated. Another variety is obtained from blood and other 
animal fluids, and still another is found in the juices and 
seeds of plants. 

White of Egg is the only form of Albumen used in phar- 
macy. It is also considerably used in the arts for various pur- 
poses, as calico printing, making photographic paper, etc. In 
pharmaceutical preparations the natural white of egg, which 
contains about 12 y> per cent, of Albumen, is generally used, 
but dried-egg albumen is sometimes employed. 

The chemical composition of Albumen has not yet been 
definitely ascertained. It is the Sphynx of the chemist, and 
its formula is still written with an interrogation point 1?). It 
has been found, however, to contain Sodium, Sulphur, Nitro- 



84 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



gen, Hydrogen and (white of egg) about 85 per cent, of water. 
Gerhardt has given its approximate formula as 

HNaC 72 H 110 N 18 SO 22 ,H 2 O. 

Albumen is but little used in medicinal preparations, but 
might be more frequently employed with advantage. It forms 
insoluble compounds with salts of mercury, lead and copper, 
and some other poisonous substances, and is therefore given 
in large doses in cases of poisoning by these substances. 
It forms insoluble compounds with tannin and other vegetable 
astringents, and maybe employed with advantage to detannate 
preparations which it is desirable to combine with iron, etc., as 
Elixir of Calisaya, etc. It is a valuable nutritive, and is given 
combined with iron, soda and glycerin in the form of a syrup. 
(See Syrup Albuminate of Iron.) Its property of coagulating 
by heat makes it useful for clarifying liquids, syrups, etc. It 
is used externally in some toilet preparations and liniments, 
and in many forms combined with wines, etc., as a nutritive 
drink for invalids. 

The combinations of Albumen with medicines are frequently 
called nitrogenized medicines ox protein compounds. 

Albumenoids are substances resembling Albumen in their 
general character and composition. Fibrin is the chief con- 
stituent of muscular tissue and is found in solution in the 
blood. Casein is a constituent of milk, and Legumin (called 
vegetable Casein) of leguminous seeds, beans, peas, almonds, etc. 

Albuminates are chemical compounds, either soluble or 
insoluble, of Albumen with other substances. The compounds 
and mixtures generally used will be found under the headings 
Glycerites, Syrups, Solutions, etc. 



ALCOHOLES— ALCOHOLS. 

The general name AlcoJwl is applied to a class of substances 
which are, chemically, hydrates of a series of Alcohol radicals. 
In pharmacy, Alcohol \s the hydrate of Ethyl, and is obtained 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



85 



by distillation from fermented grains or other substances 
which contain starch or sugar. 

Alcohol Radicals and Primary Alcohols. — In chemistry, 
the Alcohol radicals constitute a homologous series which 
increases by CH 2 (one atom of carbon to two of hydrogen). 
This is known as the C„H 2 « +1 series (n equaling any number). 
Starting with hydrogen as a base, the radicals are built up by 
the successive additions of CH,. 



ALCOHOL RADICALS. 

[Hydrogen HJ 

Methyl CH 8 

Ethvl C 2 H 5 

Propyl (or Trityl) C 3 H 7 

Butyl (or Tetry'l) C 4 H 9 

Amyl C 3 H 1X 

Caproyl (or Hexyl) C 6 H lg 

(Lnanthyl (or Heptyl) C 7 H 15 

Capryl(or Octyl) C 8 H 17 

Nonyl C 9 H 19 



PRIMARY ALCOHOLS. 

Methyl (or Wood Alcohol). .CH s HO 
Ethyl (or common Alcohol) C»H 5 HO 

Propyl Alcohol C~H 7 HO 

Butyl Alcohol C 4 H 9 HO 

Amyl Alcohol C 3 H u HO 

Hexyl Alcohol C 6 H 13 HO 

Heptyl Alcohol C 7 H 15 HO 

Octyl Alcohol C 8 H 17 HO 

Nonyl Alcohol C 9 H 19 HO 



The foregoing Alcohols are all liquids, their specific gravity 
increasing with their molecular weight. To these may be 
added Cetyl Alcohol (C 16 H 33 HO), Ceryl Alcohol (C 37 H 55 HO) 
and Melissyl Alcohol (C 30 H C 1 HO), which are white crystal- 
line solids. 

Alcohol radicals are gaseous in their free state. They form 
hydrides (which are mostly gaseous) with hydrogen ; oxides or 
ethers (mostly liquid; with oxygen ; hydrates with hydrogen 
and oxygen ; aldehyds by the loss of hydrogen ; and acids by 
combining one equivalent of oxygen with the aldehyds. The 
following table shows the changes that occur: 



RADICALS I FREKi. Hydrides. (EthenO 



Methyl Mil.,) ('11,11 

Ethyl (< ,11 ... , C 8 H 8 H 

Propyl « ..II- I < .11-11 

Butyl ((,11,1.. <',H„ 1 1 

Amyl (C-,11,,1-. ■• < ',H, ,11 

Caproyl M', ; l !,,>,.. C 8 H 18 H 
l ti Etc. 



(CH 8 ) s O en, no 
(C 8 H 8 ) 8 C E H B HO 



Hydrates 
(Alcohols) 



(I M ,...'- 

(C B B o 

(C 6 H 18 ) 8 
Etc. 



c.,11 no 

( Jljlo 

C 5 H,,HO 

C 6 H 18 HO 

Etc. 



Aldehyds 

(II.,0 
C.,H,0 
C 8 H 6 
c,ll,ii 
C B H 10 O 
C 8 H 18 
Etc. 



Acids. 

Cll.,0„ 

C.,11 ,M„ 
('., II, ( )., 
< ,II s O„ 

C B H 10 O 8 

C 8 H 18 £ 

Etc. 



Besides the above-mentioned primary Alcohols, many other 
substances, which have the same elements in different combi- 
nations, arc grouped with Alcohols, as Glycerin or Glyceric 



86 \.LCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



Alcohol (C 3 H s (H0 3 ), the Alcohols of the phenol series of 
which* carbolic acid is a well-known member, and many other 
less familiar substances. 

Commercially, only two kinds of Alcohol are known in this 
country, namely, grain Alcohol (Ethyl Alcohol), which is 
known simply by the name "Alcohol," and wood Alcohol 
(Methyl Alcohol), which is usually known by that name, but is 
also sold under the proprietary title Alcoline. Methylated 
Spirit is sold in Great Britain for manufacturing purposes, 
without tax. It is composed of 9 parts of alcohol and 1 part 
of wood alcohol, making it unfit for use as a beverage. 

In the U. S. and German Pharmacopoeias Alcohol (Ethyl 
Alcohol) only is mentioned. The 1885 Br. P. recognizes Amyl 
Alcohol and Ethyl Alcohol ; but, commercially, Amyl Alcohol 
is known as fusel ox f ousel oil. 

64. Alcohol. 

Ethyl Alcohol— Ethyl Hydrate. 
C 2 H 5 HO. 
The present U. S. P. describes Alcohol as " a liquid com- 
posed of 91 per cent, by weight (94 per cent, by volume) of 
Ethyl Alcohol, and 9 per cent, by weight (6 per cent, by 
volume) of water, sp. gr. 0.820 at 15. 6° C. (60 ° F. )" It boils 
at 78 C. (172.4 F.). 

The commercial Alcohol (188 proof), which is furnished by 
the distillers in this country, corresponds very closely with this 
description. 

The U. S. P. designates it simply by the name "ALCOHOL," 
while the Br. P. terms it ALCOHOL ETHYLICUM — Ethylic Al- 
cohol, which seems the more proper name, as it distinguishes it 
from other Alcohols. Alcohol is chemically Hydrate of Ethyl. 
It is composed of 

Carbon, 52.67 parts, by weight. 

Hydrogen, 12.90 parts, by weight. 

Oxygen, 34-43 parts, by weight. 

100. 

It is obtained by distillation from fermented grain, fruit or 
other substances composed largely of starch or sugar. In this 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 87 



country Alcohol is principally made from common whisky, by 
redistillation. When grain is used for making Alcohol or 
spirits a portion of it is malted for the purpose of developing 
the diastase. The coarsely-ground unmalted grain is then 
scalded to soften the starchy matter, the malt is added, which 
converts the starch, first, into dextrin, and then into saccharine 
matter. It is then cooled, yeast is added, and the vinous fer- 
mentation begins, converting the saccharine matter into Alco- 
hol and liberating carbonic acid gas. When fermentation has 
proceeded long enough the mash is put into stills, and the 
Alcohol in a weak form (whisky) is obtained. It is then redis- 
tilled to obtain the Alcohol of commerce. 

When Alcohol is made from fruit or saccharine matter the 
process begins with the vinous fermentation. Alcohol is the 
spirit or " spirits " present in wines, beer, cider and all still malt 
and distilled liquors ; its varying proportion determines the 
strength of the liquors. 

Absolute Alcohol is Alcohol containing not more than one 
or two per cent, of water. It is made from ordinary Alcohol 
by agitating with carbonate of potassium and fused chloride of 
calcium, or with slacked lime (which absorbs the water) and 
redistilling. Its sp. gr. is 0.794 to 0.800. It is sometimes 
called Attwood's Patent Alcohol. 

Stronger Alcohol. — This was directed in the U. S., 1870, 
Pharmacopoeia, but was not retained in the later revision. Its 
sp. gr. was 0.817, and it was stronger than the commercial 
Alcohol, so it was very properly deleted. 

Rectified Spirit — Spiritus Rectificatus—Br. P.— u Alcohol, 
with sixteen per cent, of water, obtained by the distillation of 
fermented saccharine fluids.'' 

This is the Alcohol chiefly directed to be used in the prepara- 
tions of the Br. P. It corresponds very nearly with the 1870 U.S. 
official Alcohol its sp. gr. is 0.838, while the sp. gr. of the 1870 
U. S. Alcohol was O.835 and contained 15 percent, of water. 

To convert the U. S. [880 or commercial Alcohol into recti- 
fied spirit of the British standard, add 1 fluidounce of water to 
i" fl. ounces of Alcohol. This should be observed when work- 
in.; formulae of the Br. P. 



88 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



The abbreviation S. V. R., Spiritus I T ini Rectificatus, so fre- 
quently met with in English formulas, refers to rectified spirit, 
which was formerly called Rectified Spirit of Wine. 

Spiritus — Wcingist. P. G. — The Alcohol of the German 
Pharmacopoeia contains 85.6 to 87.2 per cent, of absolute Alco- 
hol and has sp. gr. 0.830 to 0.834. It is, therefore, a trifle 
stronger than rectified spirit. 

Cologne Spirit. — In this country this is deodorized Alcohol, 
of the same proof as official Alcohol. In France, Cologne 
spirit is distilled from grapes, and is of about the same proof 
as Alcohol. When this is desired it is usually called French 
Cologne spirit. The high duty prevents its use to any extent 
in this country. 

Pure Spirit is a commercial name for deodorized spirit of 
about 100° proof, which corresponds very nearly with diluted 
Alcohol. It is similar to but only about half the alcoholic 
strength of Cologne spirit, and is largely used by rectifiers of 
liquors and manufacturers of wines for mixing. It is also 
called neutral spirit. 

Spirit of Wine is a commercial name for Alcohol, although 
it properly applies to the French Cologne spirit. It is fre- 
quently called for in old recipes, and Alcohol should be 
dispensed. 

High Wine is a name used by distillers for low-proof Alco- 
hol. When called for, ordinary Alcohol may be used. 

Proof of Alcohol. — In this country liquors which contain 
one half, or 50 per cent., by measure of absolute Alcohol are 
called PROOF, or ioo°. If they contain more than that they 
are called above or over proof, and, if less, below proof, the 
proof being shown by adding to or subtracting from 100; 
thus, whisky, gin, rum and brandy are generally proof, or ioo . 
If five over proof, they would be called five above or over 
proof, or 105 , and, if ten less than proof, ten below proof, or 
90 . Commercial Alcohol is 188 , or 88° over proof, or 94 per 
cent, (the percentage of Alcohol by measure always being one 
half the proof degrees). 

To reduce official or commercial Alcohol to any desired per- 
centage of Alcohol, divide its per cent. (91) by the percentage 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



89 



required, and subtract I from the quotient. This gives the 
number of parts, by weight, of water to be added to one 
part, by weight, of Alcohol. If volume per cent, is required, 
divide the volume per cent, of official Alcohol (94) by the 
required percentage by volume and subtract 1 from the 
quotient. 

For example, supposing 75 per cent. Alcohol, by weight, is 
required : 



75)91(1.21 

75 

160 
150 

100 

75 



Subtract 1 from the quotient. 
1. 21 

1 

.21 
about |- of water, or 1 ounce to 
by weight, to be added. 



Relation of Weight to Volume. — The change in the U. S. P. 
of 1880 to parts by weight, instead of fluid measure, makes it 
necessary to thoroughly understand the relation between the 
weight and measure of Alcohol. It is clearly shown in the 
following tables : 



TABLE OF MEASURE, WITH WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS OF 
ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.820 AT 15.6 C. (6o° F.).* 



FLUID MEASURE. 



In Troy 
Grains. 



American (Apothecary). 
Fluid Measure. 

1 Minim weighs : 0.78 

1 Fluiddrachm weighs i 46.7 

1 Fluidounce weighs 373-7 

1 Pint (16 fl. ounces) weighs 5978. S 

British (Imperial). 
Fluid Measure. 

1 Minim weighs O.75 

drachm weighs 44.8 

1 Fluidounce weighs 358. 

1 Pint (20 fl. ounces) weighs 7 I 75-° 

Metric Fluid Measure. 



1 Cubic centimetre weighs 12.4 

I Litre weighs I2455.O 



In Troy 
Ounces. 



O.0OI6 
O.O97 

0.779 

12.462 



O.OOI5 
O.O93 
O.748 
f4.943 



O.026 

25-949 



In Avoir. In Metric 
Ounces. Grammes. 



O.OOI8 
O.IO7 
O.S54 
t3-674 



O.0505 
3.029 
24.230 

387. 6SO 



O.OOI7 O.0484 

O.I02 2.908 

O.820 I 23.246 

16 400 4^4-937 



0.028 ! 0.807 
28.554 S07.126 



hoi increases or decreases in volume, about -fj^ for each Fahrenheit 
of temperature between 50 and 75 . 



90 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



TABLE OF WEIGHT, WITH MEASURE EQUIVALENTS OF 
ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.820 AT 15.6* C. (60 F.). 



American 
In Ameri- (Apotheca 
can Minims, ry l Fluid- 
Ounces. 



Apothecary Weight. 

1 drain measures 

1 Drachm measures 

1 Ounce (troy) measures 



British Metric 

1 Imperial) Cubic 

Fl. ounces. Centim'res. 



O.0S12 

4.S99 

39-194 



Avoirdupois Wmghi 

1 Ounce measures 

1 Pound (16 ozs.) measures. . . 

Metric Weight. 
1 Gramme measures 




Alcohol is used in pharmacy as a solvent and preservative 
for the medicinal properties of drugs. It is used in the prep- 
aration of medicines more frequently than any other sub- 
stance. It is much employed in the arts for various purposes. 
It is largely used in medicine as a stimulant, and in fact seems 
to be essential, in some form, to all people, in all countries, 
and in every avenue of life. 



65. Alcohol Dilutum. 

Diluted Ale oho/, U. S., Spirit us Tenuior or Proof Spirit Br. 
Spirit us Dilutus, P. G. 

The present U. S. P. directs diluted Alcohol to be made by 
mixing equal weight of official Alcohol and water. It is de- 
scribed as " a liquid composed of 45.5 per cent, by weight 
(53 per cent, by volume) of Ethyl Alcohol, and 54.5 per cent, 
by weight (47 per cent, by volume) of water. Sp. gr. 0.928, at 
15.6 C. (6o° F.)," It is made as follows: 



DILUTED ALCOHOL, U. S. 1880. 

By Weight. By Measure. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. .820, 50 parts or 16 ozs. av., 17 fl.ozs. 
Distilled Water, . 50 parts or 16 ozs. av., 14 fl.ozs. 

Mix. Sp. gr. 0.928, percentage of Ethyl Alcohol, by weight 
45.5, by volume 53. 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 91 



The 1870 U. S. diluted Alcohol was made as follows: 
DILUTED ALCOHOL, U. S. 1870. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.835, j equal parts ) a pint. 

Distilled Water, ... (by measure, ! a pint. 

Mix. Sp. gr. 0.941, percentage of Ethyl Alcohol, by weight 
39.3, by volume 46.6. 

It will be observed that the present U. S. diluted Alcohol is 
considerably stronger than the 1870. While it is desirable to 
have a preparation of sufficient alcoholic strength for the 
purpose, yet the 1880 diluted Alcohol seems unnecessarily 
strong for making most of the preparations in which it is 
employed, in fact, a much weaker menstruum could be as well 
used in most of them. Druggists, by the usage of a century, 
have made diluted Alcohol, by mixing equal measures of com- 
mercial Alcohol and water. While this may not be strictly 
scientific, it is the custom that has prevailed, and we find now, 
in spite of the directions of the 1880 Pharmacopoeia, that the 
practice is still continued, and that ninety-nine out of one 
hundred druggists now mix equal volumes of commercial 
Alcohol and water to make diluted Alcohol. This seems 
strong enough for all purposes for which diluted Alcohol is 
used, and we advise its adoption in all the formulas in this 
work in which diluted Alcohol is directed, except when 
specially marked U. S. 1880, or U. S. 1870, etc. 

DILUTED ALCOHOL, TO BE USED IN THESE FORMULAS. 
Commercial Alcohol, . \ equal parts ) a pint. 

Water, (by measure, * a pint. 

Mix. It contains about 43 per cent, by weight, or 50 per 
cent, by volume, of commercial Ethyl Alcohol. Sp. gr. at 
72° F., 0.933. 

In working the formulae of the British or German authori- 
ties it is sometimes necessary to use the standard for diluted 
Alcohol adopted by them. We therefore give the formulas: 

PROOF SPIRIT (SPIRITUS TENUIOR), BR. 1885. 

Rectified Spirit, sp. gr. 0.838 5 pints. 

Distilled Water 3 pints. 

Mix. Sp. gr. 0.920. " It contains by weight about 49 



92 



ALO 'HOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



per cent., and by volume about 57 per cent, of absolute 
Alcohol." 

This, it will be seen, is considerably stronger than the U. S. 
diluted Alcohol. 

SPIRITUS DILUTUS (VERDUNNTER WEINGEIST), P. G. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.830, by weight, 7 parts or ozs. av. 
Water, by weight, 3 parts or ozs. av. 

Mix. Sp. gr. 0.892. It contains by weight about 60 per 
cent., and by volume about 69 per cent, of absolute Alcohol, 
making it a fourth stronger than the U. S. official diluted 
Alcohol. 

Relation of Weight to Volume. — The change in the U. S. P. 
to parts by weight instead of fluid measure makes it necessary 
to thoroughly understand the relation between the weight and 
measure of diluted Alcohol. It is clearly shown in the follow- 
ing tables, which are calculated for U. S. 1880 official diluted 
Alcohol (equal parts by weight of Alcohol and water) : 

TABLE OF MEASURE, WITH WEIGHT EQUIVALENTS OF 
DILUTED ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.928 AT 15.6 C. (60 F.).* 



FLUID MEASURE. 



In Troy- 
Grains. 



In Troy 
Ounces. 



In Avoir. In Metric 
Ounces. Grammes 



American (Apothecary) 
Fluid Measure. 



1 Minim weighs 

1 Fluiddrachm weighs 

1 Fluidounce weighs 

1 Pint (16 fl ounces) weighs 



o.SS 
52.8 
422. S 
6766.2 



British (Imperial) 
Fluid Measure. 



1 Minim weighs 

1 Fluiddrachm weighs 

1 Fluidounce weighs 

1 Pint (20 fl. ounces) weighs. 



Metric Fluid Measure. 



1 Cubic centimetre weighs 
1 Litre weighs 



406.1 

3I22.0 



15-3 
[5347-2 



0.001S 

O.IIO 

0.881 
14.146 



0.0020 0.0571 

0.121 3.42S 

0.966 27.406 

15.456 438.496 



0.846 
16.920 



0.S4 0.001S 0.019 0.0548 

50.8 0.108 0.116 3-2Sg 



0.928 I 26.315 
1S.562 526.308 



0.032 0.035 °>9 2 5 

31-973 35-io2 925.792 



* Diluted Alcohol increases. or decreases in volume about ^^ for each Fahren- 
heit degree of temperature between 50° and 75°. 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 



93 



TABLE OF WEIGHT, WITH MEASURE EQUIVALENTS OF 
DILUTED ALCOHOL, SP. GR. 0.928 AT I5.6 : C. (6o D F.). 



In Ameri- 
can Minims, 



Apothecary Weight. 

1 Grain measures 1.13 

1 Drachm measures 68.1 

1 Ounce (troy) measures 544-8 

Avoirdupois Weight. 

1 Ounce measures 495-4 

1 Pound (16 oz.) measures 7626. S 

Metric Weight. 

1 Gramme measures ... 16.6 



American 

(Apotheca- 
ry) Fluid- 
ounces. 



O.OO23 

O.142 

1135 



I.046 
16.736 



O.036 



British 

(Imperial) 

Fluid 

Ounces. 



O.OO24 
O.I48 
1. 182 



1-075 
17.201 



0.038 



Metric 

Cubic 

Centime'rs. 



O.0702 
4-213 
33-702 



30.583 
4S9.32S 



When alcohol and water are mixed, a slight contraction of 
volume occurs with a rise in temperature. The greatest con- 
traction occurs when 52.6 volumes of alcohol are mixed with 
47.4 volumes of water, it being 3.4 per cent. This should be 
taken into account when making specified quantities of diluted 
alcohol. 

Alcohol in Pharmacy. — Alcohol is used in pharmacy to 
extract or dissolve the properties of drugs and to preserve 
their solution. No other solvent of medicinal substances has 
been found of such universal value and application. A large- 
share of the liquid preparations that are used in pharmacy 
contain Alcohol and depend upon its solvent power and pre- 
servative virtue for their value. Besides this, it is used in 
making most of the solid extracts, abstracts, alkaloids, resin- 
oids, and many other solid preparations. 

The liquid preparations in which Alcohol is used as the sol- 
vent of medicinal principles, or for their preservation, may be 
classified as follows : 

Cordials and Elixirs, which contain aromatic substances, and 
mild medicines, sweetened and combined with sufficient Alco- 
hol to keep them and hold their properties in solution. 

Essences and Flavoring Extracts, which are mostly made 
From essential oils, or aromatic substances dissolved in 
Alcohol. 



94 ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 

Fluid and Liquid Extracts, which contain a large quantity of 
medicinal value held in solution by Alcohol or diluted Alcohol. 

Liquors of all kinds, which are mainly Alcohol in some 
form, diluted and flavored with the substances peculiar to the 
kind. 

Spirits, which are solutions of essential oils, aromatic sub- 
stances, etc., in Alcohol, and among which may be included 
perfumes. 

Solutions, which contain Alcohol, either as a solvent or pre- 
servative, as solutions of gums, resins, acids, alkaloids, etc. 

Tinctures, which are mainly solutions of the medicinal prin- 
ciples of drugs in Alcohol or diluted Alcohol. 

To these may be added the abstracts, solid extracts, alka- 
loids, and medicinal principles of drugs generally, which are 
obtained by the aid of Alcohol, and it will be seen that in 
pharmacy it is the most important of any substance, in fact, 
entirely indispensable in its practice. 

In French pharmacy Alcohol is called A/coo/, and alcoholic 
preparations are classified according to the manner of prepar- 
ing them and the substances used in them. 

Alcoolats or Alcoholates are medicated distilled spirits, 
made by macerating aromatic and other substances with Alco- 
hol, and distilling. We have no official preparations that cor- 
respond with them. They will be noticed under the headings 
Distillates, Essences, Spirits, Tinctures, etc. 

Alcoolateures. — These are tinctures prepared by macerat- 
ing fresh plants (roots, barks, seeds, leaves, flowers, etc.) in 
Alcohol. They correspond very nearly to what are known in 
this country as green plant fluid extracts. They are made by 
macerating equal parts by weight of the fresh substance, prop- 
erly cut, bruised or divided, in ninety per cent. Alcohol, for 
ten days, then pouring off the liquid, pressing the drugs, and 
filtering the extract thus obtained. As our green plant fluid 
extracts are so similar, these preparations will not be further 
noticed. 

Alcooles. — These are simple solutions of medicinal sub- 
stances in Alcohol. Among them are the mixtures of acids, 



ALCOHOLES — ALCOHOLS. 95 



ammonia, etc., with Alcohol and the solutions of alkaloids and 
their salts, phosphorus, carbonate of potassium, soap, etc., 
which are not properly classified under the head of " Tinctures 
Alcoholiques." We have included these under the general 
heading- "Tinctures." Besides the above-mentioned prepara- 
tions containing Alcohol, are those which are classified the 
same as in our own works, which will be noticed under their 
proper headings, as Elixirs, Essences, Extracts, Spirits, Tinc- 
tures', etc. 

66. Alcohol Amylicum, Br. 

Amylic Alcohol — Fousel Oil — Hydrate of Amy I. 
C 5 H tl HO. 
This is a " liquid of oily consistence contained in the crude 
spirit produced by the fermentation of saccharine solutions 
with yeast, and separated in the rectification or distillation of 
such crude spirit." It is a hydrate of the radical amyl (C 5 H X 1 ), 
and is commercially known as Fusel or Fousel Oil. When pure 
its sp. gr. is 0.818. It boils at 1 32 0.(269.6° F.). It is the base 
of many of the so-called fruit ethers or artificial fruit flavors and 
of most of the artificial liquor flavors, and is used in medicine 
for making nitrate of Amyl and valerianate of sodium. 

67. Alcohol Methylicum. 

Met hylic Alcohol— Wood Alcohol— Wood Naphtha — Hydrate of 
Mi 'thj 7 — Carbinol. 
CH3HO. 

This Alcohol is produced by the destructive distillation of 
wood, hence it is called Wood Alcohol, pyroxylic spirit or wood 
naphtha. It is chemically a hydrate of the radical methyl 
(CH 8 ); its specific gravity is 0.798; it boils at about 65° C. 
(149 !•".). It is used considerably in making varnishes and 
many other preparations as a substitute for Alcohol, but on 
account <>f its peculiar odor cannot replace Ethyl Alcohol in 
medicinal preparations, but is considerably used in making 
some kinds of chemicals, as salicylic acid, etc. It was formerly 
used for consumption and chronic catarrh; but its internal 
administration is nearly abandoned. 



96 ALDEHYDES - ALDEIIVDS. 



ALDEHYDES — ALDEHYDS. 

Aldehyds are derived from Alcohols by the elimination of 
H 2 from the hydrates of the Alcohol radicals. Aldehyds 
corresponding to eleven of the primary Alcohols have been 
discovered. Although but one is known in pharmacy, namely, 
Acetic Aldehyd, C 2 H 4 (from Ethyl Alcohol), and that is sel- 
dom used. The chemical composition of several of the 
aldehyds will be found on page 85. 

The aldehyds are intermediate in position between alcohols 
and acids — the first step in the oxidation (or dehydration) of 
alcohols, which, when continued, converts them into acids. 
They unite with ammonia, forming aldehyd-ammonias, which 
by losing H 2 condense into the basic substances aldines and 
oxaldines. The aromatic aldehyds, as benzoic, cumic, salicylic, 
cinnamic, etc., are obtained from essential oils or plants, and 
when acted upon by ammonia produce hydramides. 

68. Aldehyd. 

Acetic Aldehyd. 

C 2 H 4 0. 

Aldehyd is made by mixing three parts of eighty per cent. 
Alcohol with two parts of nitric acid, distilling, purifying, sep- 
arating and redistilling. The nitric acid combines with the 
Alcohol and unites with a portion of its hydrogen to form 
nitrous ether and aldehyd, which are distilled and treated with 
ammonia gas. The nitrous ether separates as a layer floating 
on the solution of ammonia aldehyd, the latter is then mixed 
with diluted sulphuric acid, and redistilled over chloride of 
calcium. The sp. gr. of aldehyd is 0.805 at °° C. (32° F.). It 
is antiputrescent, and has properties somewhat similar to ether, 
but is not used in medicine. Several of its derivatives, how- 
ever, as chloroform and chloral, are much employed. Acetals 
are compounds made by combining aldehyds and alcohols 
with elimination of water. Bromal, Iodal, Chloral, and Butyl 
Chloral are derivatives of aldehyd. 



ALDEHYDES — ALDEHYDS. ALKALIES. 97 



69. Paraldehyd. 



This has recently come into use as a hypnotic and anodyne. 
It contains the same elements in the same proportions as 
aldehyd, but in triple combination: C 6 H 12 3 = 3C 2 H 4 0. 
It is made by acting upon aldehyd with small quantities of 
mineral acids or zinc chloride, or by adding a few drops of 
concentrated sulphuric acid to aldehyd, and subsequent 
distillation. It is a colorless liquid at ordinary temperature, 
solid at 50 F., soluble in cold water or elixir. The adult 
dose is from half to one and one half fluiddrachm. It has 
not yet come into general use, but is thus far very favorably 
received. 



ALKALIES. 



Commercially, the hydrate of sodium (caustic soda) and the 
hydrate of potassium (caustic potassa) only, are known as 
Alkalies, but in pharmacy the carbonates of these metals and 
of ammonia, the solution of gaseous ammonia in water (water 
of ammonia) and, indirectly, the hydrates and carbonates of 
lithium, barium, calcium, strontium, and magnesium are classed 
with the Alkalies. In a general way, Alkalies are known as 
bases, which combine with fatty acids to form soaps or oleates ; 
which combine with acids to form neutral salts ; which turn 
red litmus blue or yellow turmeric brown, and which are in 
every way the reverse of acids. The manufacture of soda 
and potassa Alkalies constitutes a great commercial industry. 
These manufactures are known as alkali-works, and are mostly 
devoted to the manufacture of Soda Alkali. 

The Soda Ash of commerce is the impure carbonate of 
sodium, which is the basis of the Soda Alkali. 

Potash or Pcarlash is impure carbonate of potash, the base 
of the Potassa Alkali. The Alkalies form the bases of a great 
variety of chemicals which are used in medicine, and are exten- 
sively employed in many important manufacturing industries 
and in the arts. They are sometimes named from their source 



98 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



of supply, as ammonia is called animal alkali ; potassa, veget- 
able alkali ; soda, mineral alkali ; barium, calcium, strontium, 
and magnesia, alkaline earths, etc. The Alkalies and their 
uses will be further noticed under the headings of the sub- 
stances which compose them. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

The name Alkaloids is given to a class of organic bases 
which (like alkalies) combine with acids to form salts. The 
Alkaloids and their salts represent the active medicinal prop- 
erties of most vegetable drugs and form a very important class 
of chemicals. The manufacture of Alkaloids and their salts 
is chiefly carried on by manufacturing chemists, and a large 
amount of capital is thus employed. 

Alkaloids may be classed as natural and artificial. The 
natural Alkaloids are obtained from organic substances (animal 
or vegetable) in which they exist combined with other sub- 
stances, and the artificial are produced by the skill of the 
chemist. The natural Alkaloids all contain nitrogen, with 
hydrogen as a base, and are probably derivatives of the ammo- 
nia type (NH 3 ). Carbon is present in all, and oxygen in most 
of them. Alkaloids which contain the four elements C, H, N, O, 
are called AMIDES. They are generally non-volatile crystalliz- 
able solids, representing the active principles of vegetable and 
animal substances from which they are obtained. Alkaloids 
which contain only the three elements C, H, N, are called 
AMINES. They are generally volatile liquids, artificially made 
by substituting hydrocarbon radicals wholly or partly for the 
hydrogen of the typical ammonia base. 

Considerable confusion formerly existed because of the lack 
of uniformity of the termination of the names of Alkaloids — 
some ending with ia and some with ine, as morphia, quinine, 
etc., but in the late revisions of the American and British 
Pharmacopoeias the terminal letters of the names of the Alka- 
loids are uniformly ine. It should, therefore, be remembered 
that in older works of pharmacy the names of Alkaloids that 
terminated in ia would now be written ine. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 99 



As Alkaloids are, so to speak, the concentrated principles of 
the substances from which they are derived they are very 
powerful, compared with the crude substances, the dose of 
many of them being very minute. Their salts, being more 
soluble, are mainly used in medicine. Several Alkaloids 
varying in composition and characteristics are sometimes 
obtained from one plant, but in the main they are true repre- 
sentatives of the drug in properties and actions. 

Alkaloids are generally insoluble or but sparingly soluble in 
water, but are readily dissolved in alcohol, chloroform, and the 
liquid hydrocarbons. They form salts with acids, generally 
soluble in water. From aqueous solutions of these salts the 
Alkaloids are precipitated by alkalies, because of the stronger 
attraction of their acids for the alkali than the alkaloidal base. 

The Alkaloids are mainly used in pharmacy as bases for 
preparing their salts, and are but little employed in medicine, 
their soluble salts being used instead. It is therefore unneces- 
sary to give explicit formulae for all of them, but only such as 
are more frequently employed and general processes which 
may apply to the remainder. 

The following general directions for preparing Alkaloids 
from crude drugs are therefore given, but it may be stated 
that they can only be considered general directions, and that 
some special treatment, requiring experience and chemical 
know ledge is necessary to successfully obtain and separate the 
Alkaloids of most substances. They are, therefore, generally 
supplied by competent manufacturing chemists. 

70. General Directions for Preparing 

Alkaloids. 

I. FOR ALKALOIDS SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER, OR 

WHICH EXIST IN THE PLANTS, ETC., IN THE FORM 

OF ACIDS, OR SOLUBLE SALTS OF ALKALOIDS. 

Macerate the drug, in coarse powder, twenty-four hours, in 
water sufficient to cover it, then pack it moderately in the 
water-bath percolator, adding water freely, and heat to boiling; 
then begin to percolate, adding water through the percolator, 
and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 



100 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



exhausted ; strain the percolate while hot and slowly add to 
the liquid water of ammonia or liquor of potassa as long as it 
continues to precipitate, allow to settle, pour off the liquid, 
pour the precipitate upon a filter, wash with a little water, 
press, dissolve in very dilute acetic or hydrochloric acid, pre- 
cipitate again with ammonia or potassa, pour off, drain, and 
repeat the operation as many times as may be necessary to 
purify the Alkaloids. The product is the Alkaloids of the 
drug, which are partially soluble in water. If necessary, they 
must be separated by various means, recrystallized and dried. 
The liquors which are poured off contain a small percentage 
of the Alkaloids, which may be recovered by evaporating them 
and treating in the same manner as directed. 

II. FOR ALKALOIDS INSOLUBLE IN WATER. 

Macerate the drug, in moderately fine powder, for twenty- 
four hours, with sufficient alcohol to cover it, pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator, pour alcohol upon it, heat moder- 
ately for an hour and begin to percolate, adding alcohol to the 
drug and continuing the heat and percolation until its strength 
is exhausted ; distil off most of the alcohol and to the residue 
add sufficient very dilute acetic or muriatic acid to dissolve 
the Alkaloids that are in the soft extract ; this is best accom- 
plished by washing it with several portions of the dilute acid ; 
filter the acid solution and add to it sufficient water of ammo- 
nia or liquor potassa to precipitate the Alkaloids, wash the 
precipitate on a filter with water, and redissolve and reprecipi- 
tate if necessary. The product is the Alkaloids soluble in 
alcohol that were contained in the drug, and they must be 
separated if necessary. 

Many other processes are employed for obtaining Alkaloids, 
as boiling the drug with dilute acid, precipitating with an 
alkali, etc., but the foregoing are sufficient to show the general 
methods. It may be explained in regard to the foregoing 
processes that the heat employed serves to dissolve the alka- 
loids, the same as the acids which are used in other processes, 
and the subsequent treatment is less troublesome ; for exam- 
ple : Strychnine dissolves in 12 parts of boiling or 1 10 parts 
of cold alcohol ; quinine in 2 parts boiling or 6 parts of cold 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 101 

alcohol ; caffeine in 10 parts of boiling or 75 parts of cold 
water; therefore, when drugs are percolated with a boiling or 
heated menstruum, their alkaloids are as readily dissolved as 
when acids are used, and their subsequent separation is much 
more simple. 

The following are the more important Alkaloids which have 
been sufficiently investigated to receive reliable recognition 
and formulas. Many others, of course, exist, for it may be 
assumed that every genus of plants has its characteristic basic 
principle or principles which may be isolated, but only the 
more important ones have thus far received attention. 

Important Alkaloids and their Salts. 

Of the Alkaloids known and named by chemists, but few are 
used in medicine, and most of them are unimportant except as 
chemical products and curiosities. Of the small number which 
are used in medicine but few are employed as Alkaloids, but 
mainly as salts formed by the union of these organic bases 
with acids. 

The Alkaloids are generally used for making the oleates, 
because they will combine with oleic acid, while their salts 
will not. Some of them are also employed in delicate prepar- 
ations, where the acids with which they are combined as salts 
would be inadmissible. 

The following important Alkaloids and their salts are those 
which are frequently used in medicine : 

71. Aconitina. 

Aconitine — {Formerly called Aconitid). 

C„H i:i N0 12 . 

Tin's Alkaloid was formerly official, but has now been drop- 
ped from the L'. S. 1\ It is still retained in the Br. P., and is 
much more used than formerly. It is present in Aconite, 
associated with several other Alkaloids, as pseud-aconitine, 
C,,l I„\'o n ; pier aconitine \ C :; ,l [ M No M ; aconine, ( '.,,•. I l,,,N( ),, ; pseud- 
aconine, ( ,, ; H 4 ,NO g ; aconitic acid, H 3 C H s O 8 , etc. 



102 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



Owing to the many varieties of Aconite Root of commerce 
which yield different Alkaloids, any general formula which 
would apply to all would be uncertain in its results, as different 
varieties of Aconite yield different Alkaloids. This Alkaloid 
is, therefore, chiefly manufactured by a few manufacturing 
chemists who have made a reputation for their particular 
make. The crystallized Aconitine, made by the French chem- 
ist Duquesnal, stands the highest ; but the most that is found 
in the market is amorphous, and is supplied by other chemical 
establishments of good repute. The following general pro- 
cess, which very much resembles that of the Br. P., except in 
the manner of extracting the drug, may be employed : 

. ■ ., -r, , . , | any convenient 

Aconite Root, in coarse powder, > J 

) quantity. 

Alcohol, I 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, ... „ . 

„, -r, , - a sufficient 

Stronger Lvther 

ttt , r a ■ I quantity. 

Water of Ammonia, > J 

Moisten the Aconite Root with one-half its weight of Alco- 
hol, and pack it firmly in the water-bath percolator; pour upon 
it sufficient alcohol to cover it, and set it in a warm place for 
four days, then heat very moderately, and after one hour begin 
to percolate, adding alcohol to the drug and continuing the 
heat and percolation until it is exhausted. Distil off nearly 
all the alcohol by means of the water-bath and still, and add 
to the soft extract which remains, for each pound of the drug 
which was taken, half a pint of water, acidulated with half an 
ounce of diluted sulphuric acid. Heat this gently by water- 
bath until all the spirit has been evaporated, and filter through 
paper to remove resinous and oily substances. To this liquid 
add water of ammonia to slight excess and heat gently by 
water-bath until no odor of ammonia remains ; separate the 
precipitate by filtration and carefully dry it, reduce it to a 
coarse powder and shake it with successive portions of ether, 
which dissolves the Aconitine ; mix the several etherial wash- 
ings and distil off the ether, or allow it to evaporate sponta- 
neously, then dissolve the residual extract thus obtained in 
water acidulated with sufficient diluted sulphuric acid ; repre- 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 103 

cipitate by carefully adding water of ammonia, collect the 
precipitate upon a filter and wash with a little water, then dry. 
The product is Amorphous Aconitine. 

The following process for making crystallized Aconitine was 
proposed by John Williams, F. C. S., at the August, 1886, 
meeting of the Br. Pharmaceutical Council. The root of 
Aconitum Napclhis only should be used : 

The root should be brought to the state of a coarse powder 
only ; if made very fine it is difficult to work. It should be 
exhausted with spirit of full strength (rectified spirit), say 62 
to 64 per cent., about four ounces of tartaric acid to each cwt. 
of the root should be dissolved in the spirit ; cold maceration 
for about four days, followed by percolation, returning the per- 
colate to the root for the second maceration of a day, then 
percolating until the drug is exhausted and a very concen- 
trated tincture is obtained. The spirit must now be dis- 
tilled off at the lowest possible temperature, but the dis- 
tillation should be stopped and a little hot water added 
before all the spirit has passed over. The evaporation by 
water-bath is then to be continued by gentle heat until all 
traces of spirit have been driven off. The thin aqueous 
extract is then to be filtered through coarse wetted filter paper, 
which separates the resinous and a portion of the oily matter; 
the remainder of the oily matter is then removed by shaking 
with ether, the ether is separated and to the remaining puri- 
fied aqueous extract a slight excess of concentrated solution 
of carbonate of sodium (sal soda) is added, which precipitates 
the Alkaloid ; this is heated and the Alkaloid separates into a 
mass, which is to be washed on a filter with hot water, then 
dried and macerated in several portions of pure ether. The 
ether washings are then to be mixed, filtered and allowed to 
evaporate spontaneously. Crystals of Aconitine may then be 
collected, drained and dried. 

Aconitine has been used externally in the form of an oint- 
ment and oleate; the former is official in the Br. P. (see Oint- 
ments), and the latter is supplied by manufacturing pharma- 
cists. (Sec Oleates.) On account of its great power and the 
uncertainty <>f the preparations <>n the market, it has been but 



104 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



little used internally; but as more reliable and uniform Acon- 
itine is now being produced, it is beginning to be more 
employed. It is generally used as a trituration : one part 
Aconitine with 500 parts sugar of milk. The dose of Aconitine 
is from -g-^ to ^-jU^ of a grain, hence the dose of a trituration 
1:500 would be from 1 to 2 grains. It is used for the same 
purposes as Aconite in fevers, neuralgia, etc. 

The following salts of Aconitine are sometimes used : 

Nitrate of Aconitine. — This is prepared by exhausting 
Aconite root with alcohol, as directed for making Aconitine, 
distilling off the alcohol, adding boiling water and a slight 
excess of water of ammonia, filtering, dissolving the filtrate 
in water acidulated with nitric acid, evaporating and crystalliz- 
ing. The crystals are then dissolved and purified by recrys- 
tallization. 

Sulphate of Aconitine. — This is prepared in the same man- 
ner as the nitrate, except that sulphuric acid is used instead 
of nitric. 

These Alkaloids are readily soluble and possess the same 
properties as Aconitine. 

The dose, when administered internally, is from 3--^ to -^0 
grain. 

72. Apomorphina. 

Apomorphinc — {Apomorphia.) 
C 17 H 17 N0 3 . 

The Alkaloid is seldom used, and when wanted may be 
most conveniently prepared from its hydrochlorate, which is 
the official salt employed in medicine. It may be made by 
dissolving the hydrochlorate of Apomorphine in water, precip- 
itating it with bicarbonate of sodium, washing the precipitate 
with a little cold water and drying quickly by gentle heat. 

Apomorphine is morphine deprived of one molecule of 
water, as shown in the following formula : 

C 17 H 19 N0 3 — H 2 = C 17 H 17 N0 2 . 

Morphine. Wat er. Apomorphine. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 105 

73. Apomorphinae Hydrochloras. 

Hydrochlorate of Apomorphine. 

C 17 H 17 N0 2 HC1. 

This salt, which was made official in the last U. S. P., may be 
prepared by heating one part of morphine with twenty parts 
of pure hydrochloric acid in a strong glass or metal tube of 
at least fifteen times the capacity of the substances introduced. 
The tube must be securely sealed and the heat is best regu- 
lated by means of an oil-bath, by which it can be maintained 
for three hours at a temperature of 140 to 150 C. (284° to 
302 F.). After heating in this manner the tube is cooled and 
its contents dissolved in water; bicarbonate of sodium in 
excess is then added, and, when the precipitate has subsided, 
the liquid is poured off and the precipitate shaken with succes- 
sive portions of ether, which dissolves the apomorphine ; a few 
drops of hydrochloric acid are then added to the etherial 
washings and, after standing, crystals of hydrochlorate of mor- 
phine are found (the acid uniting with the apomorphine and 
separating from the ether because the salt is insoluble in ether). 
The crystals are then dissolved in boiling water, and recrystal- 
lized, making the pure hydrochlorate of apomorphine, which 
is employed in medicine. 

Uses. — This salt is powerfully emetic and sedative, but does 
not possess narcotic principles. It has recently gained favor 
with physicians and is being considerably prescribed. The 
usual adult dose is from yi to J^ grain, or, when injected hypo- 
dermically fa to -fa grain. 



74. Atropina. 

A tr opine — {A tropin.) 
• C„H„NO,. 

This is the principle Alkaloid of belladonna, official in the 
U. S., Br. and German pharmacopoeias. It may be prepared 



106 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

by the following process, which is in part adopted from the 
1885 Br. P.: 

Belladonna Root, in coarse powder, . . 2 pounds. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Slacked Lime, 1 ounce. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, ) , „ . 

~ , , ;D , . - of each a sufficient quantity. 

Carbonate or Potassium, ( n J 

Chloroform 3 fl. ounces. 

Purified Animal Charcoal, sufficient. 

Distilled Water, jo fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with a pint of alcohol, pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator, and pour alcohol upon it until the 
drug is covered ; set in a warm place to macerate for two days, 
then heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to perco- 
late, adding alcohol, and continuing the heat and percolation 
until the drug is exhausted; add the lime to the tincture thus 
obtained and agitate thoroughly, then filter ; add sufficient 
diluted sulphuric acid to the filtrate to acidulate it slightly; 
filter again, distil off most of the alcohol, add the distilled 
water and evaporate until no odor of alcohol remains ; then 
cool and carefully add carbonate of potassium dissolved in 
water to nearly neutralize the acid, taking care not to add an 
excess, and set aside for several hours ; then filter, and add an 
excess of carbonate of potassium, then the chloroform, and 
agitate thoroughly for some time, allow to separate, pour off 
the upper liquid, distil the chloroform from the remainder, 
dissolve the residue in a little warm alcohol, digest the solution 
with a little animal charcoal, filter, evaporate and cool, until 
colorless crystals of atropine are obtained. 

Uses. — On account of its insolubility Atropine is but little 
used except in oleates and ointments. It has the same prop- 
erties as belladonna, and is a narcotic. Dose, y4-o to -^ grain 
in trituration. 

75. Atropinae Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Atropine — (Sulphate of Atropia.) 

Atropine, 120 grains. 

Distilled Water, 4 fl. drachms. . 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, sufficient. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 107 



Rub the Atropine first to a fine powder and then to a 
smooth mixture with the water, and add diluted sulphuric 
acid, drop by drop, until the Alkaloid is dissolved and the 
solution is neutral. Evaporate the solution to dryness at a 
temperature not exceeding Z7-7°° C. (ioo° F.). 

Uses. — This salt is quite soluble in water, and its solution 
(i to ioo) is employed as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupil of 
the eye i and for other purposes in which the action of bella- 
donna is desired. The adult dose, internally, is T |- ¥ to -^ grain 
or less in trituration. 

76. Beberina. 

Beberine — {Beberia — Bibiria.) 
C 36 H 43 N 3 6 . 

This Alkaloid is obtained from nectandra or bebeeru bark, 
in which it exists combined with nectandrine (C 40 H 46 N 3 O 8 ) 
and other Alkaloids. It is identical with buxine, from box, 
and pelosine or cissampeline, from pareira. 

The Alkaloid is not used in medicine but its sulphate is offi- 
cial in the Br. P., and the Alkaloid may be prepared from it if 
desired by decomposing its solution in hot water with water of 
ammonia, and washing and drying the precipitate. From the 
similarity of names care must be taken not to dispense bebe- 
rine or its salts when forberine is ordered, and vice versa. 

77. Beberinae Sulphas, Br. 

Sulphate of Beberine — {Sulphate of Beberia.) 

The following is the formula official in the Br. P. : 

Bebeeru Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 pound av. 

Sulphuric Acid, x / 2 fl. ounce. 

Slacked Lime, q. s., or ^ ounce av. 

Solution of Ammonia, a sufficiency. 

Rectified Spirit, 16 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, a sufficiency. 

Water, 154 fl. ounces. 

I distilled Water, a sufficiency. 



108 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

Add the sulphuric acid to the water, pour upon the bebeeru 
bark enough of the mixture to moisten it thoroughly; let it 
macerate for twenty-four hours, place it in a percolator and 
pass through it the remainder of the acidulated water ; con- 
centrate the acid percolate to 20 fl. ounces, cool and add grad- 
ually the lime in the form of milk of lime, agitating well, and 
taking care that the fluid still retains a distinct acid reaction ; 
let it rest for two hours, filter through calico, wash the precip- 
itate with a little cold distilled water, and to the filtrate add 
solution of ammonia until the fluid has a faint ammoniacal odor ; 
collect the precipitate on a cloth, wash it twice with 10 ounces 
of cold water, squeeze it gently with the hand and dry it by 
the heat of a water-bath ; pulverize the precipitate and wash 
with separate portions of the spirit, mix the washings, add 4 
ounces of distilled water and distil the greater part of the 
spirit ; to the residue add with agitation diluted sulphuric acid 
until the fluid has a slight acid reaction; evaporate to dryness, 
dissolve in distilled water, filter, evaporate to a syrupy consist- 
ence, spread on glass plates, and dry by a temperature not 
exceeding 140 F. (6o° C). 

This is used as a substitute for quinine, or, rather, its action 
is similar to it, but it cannot be considered its equal. The 
dose is from 1 to 10 grains. 

78. Berberina. 

Berbcrinc — (Berberia.) 

C 20 H 17 NO 4 . 

The Alkaloid Berberine is found in a large number of plants, 
but is most abundant in hydrastis, columbo, gold-thread and 
several species of barberry. It may be obtained by several 
methods ; but, perhaps, the simplest and the best is by boiling 
the coarsely-powdered barks or roots, or, preferably, percolating 
them in the water-bath percolator with boiling water until they 
are exhausted. The decoction is then to be evaporated to a 
soft extract and washed with successive portions of alcohol 
to dissolve out the Berberine ; to the alcoholic washings, mixed 
and filtered, a little water is then to be added and the alco- 
hol distilled off by means of a water-bath ; the remaining 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 109 

liquid is then condensed, allowed to cool, and crystals of Ber- 
berine will form ; these may be purified by dissolving in hot 
water and recrystallizing. 

Uses. — The Alkaloid is but little used, but its salts are 
extensively employed in medicine. It is a tonic to the 
mucous membrane, a bitter stomachic and general alterative, 
and has properties similar to quinine. The dose is from i to 8 
grains. 

79. Berberinae Hydrochloras. 

Hydrochlorate of Berberine. 

This salt, which was formerly known as hydrastin, is gener- 
ally prepared from golden seal. A decoction may be made, 
evaporated and treated with alcohol in the same manner as is 
directed for making Berberine. A little water, acidulated 
with hydrochloric acid, is then to be added to the alcoholic 
solution, the alcohol distilled, and the remaining liquid set 
aside, in which crystals of Hydrochlorate of Berberine will 
form ; these are to be drained from the mother liquor, dis- 
solved in hot water and purified by recrystallization. 

It can also be prepared from the Alkaloid berberine by dis- 
solving it in hot water, acidulated with hydrochloric acid, 
allowing to crystallize, and purifying by recrystallizing from 
hot water. 

This sajt gained considerable notoriety as an eclectic remedy 
under the name of hydrastin, and was afterwards known as 
muriate of hydrastin ; but this salt, which is of a bright yellow 
color, has been shown to be the Hydrochlorate of Berberine, 
the salts of hydrastine being white instead. 

Uses. — Its uses are similar to the Alkaloid — a tonic to the 
mucous surfaces, etc. It is much used in atonic dyspepsia 
and weakness of the digestive tract. Dose, 1 to 4 grains. 

80., Berberinae Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Berberine. 
This is prepared by dissolving Berberine in hot water, acid- 
ulated with sulphuric acid, crystallizing, redissolving the crys- 
tals in hot water and recrystallizing; or may be made directly 



110 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



from the barks or roots containing Berberine in the same 
manner as is directed for making Berberine, except that water, 
acidulated with sulphuric acid, instead of water, must be added 
to the alcoholic solution before distillation. 

Uses. — The uses of this salt are similar to the Alkaloid. 
It is also used in making elixirs, etc. The dose is from i to 4 
grains. 

81. Caffeina. 

Caffeine — TJieine — Guaranine. 
C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ,H 2 O. 

Coffee, tea, some other plants, and guarana contain an iden- 
tical Alkaloid called Caffeine. Coffee contains about 1 per 
cent., tea 1^ to 4 per cent., and guarana 4 to 5 per cent, of 
this Alkaloid. It is prepared from these substances by boiling 
them in water to make a strong decoction, precipitating the 
decoction with acetate of lead to remove astringent and other 
matter, filtering, passing sulphuretted hydrogen gas through 
the filtrate to remove excess of lead, filtering again, adding 
water of ammonia, evaporating and recrystallizing. It is sel- 
dom made except by manufacturing chemists. 

Uses. — Caffeine is used as a nerve stimulant in sick and 
nervous headache and periodic nervous derangements. The 
dose is from 1 to 5 grains. 

82. Caffeinae Citras, Br. 

Citrate of Caffeine. 
C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ,H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 . 

Caffeine, 1 ounce. 

Citric Acid, 1 ounce. 

Distilled Water, 2 ounces. 

Dissolve the citric acid in the water and stir the Caffeine 
into the heated solution ; evaporate to dryness on a water-bath, 
constantly stirring towards the end of the operation. 

The properties and uses of this preparation are the same as 
Caffeine. The dose is from 2 to 10 grains. It may be con- 
veniently given in the form of an elixir. 



ALKALOIDES — ■ ALKALOIDS. Ill 

83. Chinoidium. 

Chinoidin — Chinoidine. ( Quinoidin.) 

In the manufacture of Quinine, after all the crystallizable 
salts have been obtained from the mother liquors, there 
remains a black amorphous mass, consisting of the mixed 
uncrystallizable Alkaloids of chinchona bark, mainly quinici)ie 
and cinchonicine, which are isomeric with Quinine and Cincho- 
nine, and have been produced by the action of heat upon 
them. To this mass is given the name Chinoidin or Quinoidin. 

It has properties similar to other Alkaloids from cinchona 
bark and is considerably used as an anti-periodic, forming the 
base of most of the " ague pills " that are made. Dose from 
3 to 30 grains. 



84. Cinchonidinae Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine — {Sulphate of Cinchonidial) 

(C 20 H 24 N 2 O) 2 H 2 SO 4 . 3 H 2 O. 

This salt remains dissolved in the mother liquors after the 
crystallization of sulphate of quinine, and is obtained from them 
by concentrating the liquors and crystallizing. As Sulphate 
of Cinchonidine is less soluble than sulphate of cinchonine, its 
crystals may be separated before the liquors are treated to 
obtain cinchonine. The barks from India contain a greater 
proportion of the Alkaloid Cinchonodine than those from South 
America. It resembles sulphate of quinine more than any 
other salt of cinchona, both in its appearance and action, and 
is much used as a substitute for it, the dose being about a 
third greater. It is tonic, febrifuge and anti-periodic. 

Cinchonidine. --The Alkaloid from which the Sulphate of 
Cinchonidine is derived is not used in medicine or pharmacy. 
Its chemical composition is the same as cinchonine, but the 
arrangement of its molecules admits of its combining with 
one more molecule of water, when it forms salts with acids. 



J V2 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

85. Cinchonina. 
Cinchonine — ( Cinchonia.) 

C 30 H 24 N 2 O. 

In the manufacture of sulphate of quinine, after it has crys- 
tallized from its solution, sulphate of Cinchonine, which is 
more soluble, remains dissolved in the mother waters. By 
adding ammonia or solution of soda to the mother waters 
Cinchonine is precipitated and may be collected on a filter, 
washed with water, dried and dissolved in boiling alcohol, from 
which it is crystallized on cooling. It is but little used in 
medicine or pharmacy, on account of the greater value and 
solubility of other salts of Cinchona. 

86. Cinchoninae Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Cinchonine — {Sulphate of Cinchonia 1) 

(C 20 H 24 N 2 O) 2 H 2 SO 4 2H 2 O. 

This salt is readily made by dissolving Cinchonine in dilute 
sulphuric acid and crystallizing. It is contained also in the 
mother liquor after the crystallization of sulphate of quinine, 
and may be obtained as Cinchonine and converted into the 
sulphate as above. 

Uses. — Sulphate of Cinchonine has properties similar to sul- 
phate of quinine, but may be given in much larger doses. It 
is more frequently used as a tonic than as an anti-periodic. 
The usual dose is from 2 to 5 grains ; but from 20 to 40 grains 
are often given as an anti-periodic. 

87. Cocaina. 

Cocaine ■ — ErytJiroxyline. 

C 17 H 21 N0 4 . 

■ This Alkaloid and its salts, which have created such a furore 
in the medical world, are made from the leaves of erythroxy- 
lon coca. It may be prepared from its hydrochlorate, which is 
chiefly used, by precipitating an aqueous solution of hydro- 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 113 



chlorate of cocaine with carbonate of sodium and washing 
and drying the precipitate. 

88. Cocainae Hydrochloras, Br. 

Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 

C 17 H 21 N0 4 HC1. 

Many processes for making Hydrochlorate of Cocaine have 
been proposed since it has been introduced; but they are all 
similar to the process employed for making other Alkaloids of 
the same class. The following is selected as the best for the 
general convenience of druggists : 

Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, ... 2 pounds. 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
Carbonate of Sodium, a sufficient quantity. 

Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Animal Charcoal, I ounce. 

Moisten the powder with a pint of alcohol, pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator, cover the drug with alcohol and let 
stand in a warm place for two days ; then heat moderately and 
begin to percolate, adding alcohol to the drug and continuing 
the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted ; distil off 
most of the alcohol, add the water and evaporate until all 
traces of alcohol have disappeared ; add sufficient diluted 
hydrochloric acid to slightly acidulate the liquid, filter; add 
sufficient solution of carbonate of sodium to precipitate the 
Alkaloid; dissolve the Alkaloid' from the solution by shaking 
with ether; separate and evaporate the etherial solution; dis- 
solve the residue in alcohol, mix with the purified animal char- 
coal, filter; add diluted hydrochloric acid and water to the 
filtrate ; distil off the alcohol ; evaporate and collect the crystals 
of Hydrochlorate of Cocaine from the liquid and dry them on 
bibulous paper. 

Uses.- Hydrochlorate of Cocaine is used in solution as a 

local anaesthetic in ophthalmic and other delicate surgical prac- 

The solutions employed are generally from two to four 



114 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

per cent, of the salt in distilled water. They are applied by 
brushing over the parts. It is also somewhat employed inter- 
nally as an anodyne and intoxicant, in doses of ^ to I grain. 



89. Codeina, U. S., Br. 

Codeine — (Code ia. ) 
C 18 H 31 N0 3 .H 2 0. 

This Alkaloid, obtained from opium, stands next in import- 
ance to morphine, and is now being extensively used by phy- 
sicians. It is obtained from the ammoniacal liquor left after 
the crystallization of morphine (see Morphine), by evaporating 
and crystallizing. As thus obtained it contains impurities 
which may be removed by dissolving in hot ether and allowing 
to evaporate spontaneously and crystallize. 

Codeine is one of the most soluble Alkaloids known and is 
generally used in preference to any of its salts. It has lately 
come into notice and favor, and in England, especially, is being 
much used. 

Codeinae Sulphas. — Sulphate of Codeine is made by dis- 
solving Codeine in a very small quantity of dilute sulphuric 
acid, evaporating and crystallizing. It possesses no advan- 
tages over the Alkaloid except that it is more soluble, and is 
seldom used. Its uses and dose are the same as Codeine. 

Uses.- — Codeine is a sedative, but possesses only slight nar- 
cotic properties. The dose is ^ to I grain. 



90. Colchicina. 

Colchicine. 

C 17 H 33 N0 6 . 

This Alkaloid is the active principle of Colchicum Antum- 
nale, and is obtained from the seeds, flowers, or corm of the 
plant, in the same manner as is employed for aconitine. Its 
uses are the same as Colchicum, and the dose is from y^- to -^ 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 115 

91. Conina. 

Conine — (Coma.) 
C 8 H 17 N. 

The valuable medicinal principle of Conium is a volatile 
liquid Alkaloid called Conine or Coniine. It is obtained by 
exhausting Conium with boiling water in the water-bath per- 
colator, and distilling the percolate until about one third 
passes over. This portion contains the volatile Alkaloid, 
which is separated from its solution by first filtering through 
animal charcoal to remove traces of oil and resin, then shaking 
the filtrate with ether, pouring off the etherial solution which 
contains the Alkaloid, and allowing the ether to evaporate 
spontaneously ; the liquid remaining after the evaporation of 
ether is Conine. It contains no oxygen, is soluble in water, 
alcohol or ether, and has a peculiar odor resembling the urine 
of mice. 

Conium also contains conhydrine C 8 H 17 NO, and Methylcon- 
ine C 8 H 16 CH 3 N, which remain after the separation of Conine, 
and have properties similar to it. 

Conine unites with acids to form salts ; the hydrochlorate of 
Conine is the salt usually prescribed. It is narcotic and seda- 

grain. 

92. Daturina. 

Daturinc — {Daturia.) 

This is obtained from the seeds or leaves of Datura Stram- 
onium, but has proven to be a mixture of hyoscyamine and 
atropine instead of a distinctive Alkaloid. 

It is a narcotic poison, having the same properties and uses 
as Stramonium. It is generally prescribed in the form of Sul- 
phate of Daturine, the dose being r ^ to -^ grain. 

93. Duboisina. 

Duboisine- I Duboisia.) 

This Alkaloid is obtained from the leaves of several species 
oi Duboisia found in Australia. It is a very poisonous Alka- 



116 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 

loid, similar in characteristics and action to atropine, for 
which it is used as a substitute. It may be prepared in the 
same manner as atropine (which see). 

Sulphate of Duboisine is the soluble salt generally em- 
ployed. It is given internally in doses of jfo to -gL- grain, 
and its solution is employed as a mydriatic in the same manner 
as sulphate of atropine. 

94. Emetina. 

Emetine — { Evict ia or Evict inia.) 
C 28 H 40 N 2 O 5 . 
The active principle of ipecac is the Alkaloid Emetine. It 
also exists in some other plants. It is prepared from ipecac, 
which yields about I per cent, of the Alkaloid, by exhausting 
the drug with alcohol, by means of the water-bath percolator, 
distilling the percolate to recover the greater part of the alco- 
hol, adding water in which a small quantity of carbonate of 
sodium is dissolved, which precipitates the Emetine together 
with the insoluble resins, etc. The precipitate is then washed 
with water acidulated with a little hydrochloric acid, which 
dissolves the Emetine ; the solution is then filtered through 
animal charcoal to remove all traces of resin, etc. ; solution of 
soda is added to the filtrate, which precipitates the Emetine, 
which is then collected, washed with chloroform, and the 
solution evaporated without heat to obtain the pure Emetine. 

Uses. — Emetine is emetic, expectorant, and diaphoretic. 
The expectorant dose is from -^ to y 1 ^ grain. As an emetic it 
may be given in from \ to 1 grain doses every twenty minutes 
until emesis is produced. 

95. Gelsemina. 

G else mine — {Gclscviinia. ) 

CnH 12 N0 3 . 

This Alkaloid is the chief medicinal agent of Gelscmium Sem- 

pc?'vire?is (yellow jasmine), and may be obtained by exhausting 

the powdered root with alcohol, by means of a water-bath 

percolator, distilling off most of the alcohol, adding acidulated 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 117 

water to the residue which precipitates the resinous matter 
and holds the Gelsemine in solution. The solution is then 
filtered, solution of soda added to precipitate the Alkaloid; 
the precipitate is then washed with successive portions of 
ether ; and the etherial solution evaporated without heat to 
obtain the Gelsemine. 

Hydrochlorate of Gelsemine is the salt generally prescribed. 
It is prepared by dissolving the Alkaloid in water acidulated 
with hydrochloric acid, concentrating by evaporation and 
crystallizing. 

Uses. — Gelsemine is an anti-spasmodic, sedative, and some- 
what anodyne, and must be given cautiously because of its 
cumulative action. The dose is -^ to -^ grain. 

96. Hydrastina. 

Hydj'astine — [Hydrastia.) 
C 22 H 33 NO G . 

The white Alkaloid Hydrastine is recovered from the mother 
liquor left after the crystallization of salts of berberine, when 
prepared from hydrastis. 

It is obtained by diluting the mother liquor with water, 
evaporating the alcohol, filtering to remove resinous matter, 
etc., adding ammonia to the filtrate, which precipitates the 
Alkaloid; dissolving the precipitate in hot alcohol; filtering 
again through animal charcoal to render colorless ; evaporating 
the alcoholic solution and crystallizing. 

Uses. — Hydrastine was formerly a waste product of the 
manufacture of berberine and its salts (hydrastin), but by the 
advertising of manufacturers, and being colorless, has come to 
be used in solution for injections, washes, etc. It is also given 
internally in doses of -j 1 c - to I grain as a tonic and alterative. 

97. Hyoscyamina. 

Hyoscyamun ( I ' I yoscyamia.) 
C 17 H 23 N0 3 . 
I his Alkaloid is obtained chiefly from hyoscyamus, but is 
found also in belladonna and other species of solanacece. As 



118 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



the Sulphate of Hyoscyamine is official, the Alkaloid may be 
prepared from it by precipitating a solution of the salt with 
soda or potassa alkali, collecting the precipitate, washing with 
cold water and drying on bibulous paper. For dose, etc., see 
Hyoscyamiiuc Sulphas. 



98. Hyoscyaminae Sulphas, U. S. 

Sulphate of Hyoscyamine. 

(C 17 H 23 N0 3 ) 2 .H 2 S0 4 . 

Hyoscyamus seeds are macerated with gasoline to deprive 
them of their fixed oil. They are then dried and exhausted 
with alcohol, by water-bath percolation. The greater part of 
the alcohol is distilled off and the remainder mixed with water 
containing tannin in solution. The moist precipitate is then 
mixed with recently slacked lime, and washed with successive 
portions of alcohol to dissolve the Alkaloid. The alcoholic 
washings are then acidulated with dilute sulphuric acid, and 
agitated with ether to remove coloring matter and oil. The 
solution is then filtered through animal charcoal, concentrated 
by evaporation and crystals of Sulphate of Hyoscyamine are 
produced. 

Uses.- — This salt has the narcotic and sedative properties of 
the plant, and is used for sleeplessness, mania, delirium, etc. 
to X V grain. 



99. Hyoscina. 

Hyoscine — {Hyoscia.) 

C 17 H 23 N0 3 . 

This Alkaloid is also obtained from hyoscyamus and has the 
same chemical composition as hyoscyamine. It is separated 
from the mother liquor after the removal of the hyoscyamine, 
and is similar to it in medicinal use. It has recently come 
into favor as a hypnotic, anodyne, and sedative. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 119 

ioo. Kairina. 

Katrine. 

C 10 H 13 NO.HCl.H 2 O. 

This is not properly an Alkaloid as its termination would 
indicate, but the hydrochlorate of an artificial Alkaloid pre- 
pared from quinoline. It is advertised as a "new quinine," a 
" substitute for quinine," etc., and is used for the same purposes 
and in about the same doses as quinine. 

ioi. Morphina. 

Morphine — {Morphia.) 

C 17 H 19 N0 3 .H 3 0. 

Morphine and its salts are among the most important and 
most frequently used remedies. Morphine has the distinction 
of being the first Alkaloid discovered. It was isolated in 1817 
by a German apothecary named Serturer, who named it Mor- 
pJiium. The process for making it was formerly official, but is 
not repeated in the present pharmacopoeia. We repeat the 
process with some slight alterations. 

Opium, sliced, 12 tr. ounces (13^-av.oz.) 

Water of Ammonia, ... 6 fl. ounces. 

Animal Charcoal, in fine powder. 

Alcohol, 

Distilled Water, each a sufficient quantity. 

Pour upon the sliced opium 4 pints of boiling water and 
work with a pestle in a mortar to a smooth paste. After 
standing a few hours, strain through a coarse sieve, and work 
what remains in the sieve again with boiling water until it all 
passes through the meshes; transfer the whole to a water-bath 
percolator, having first covered the diaphragm with burlap or 
other coarse cloth, and heat for one hour; then begin to perco- 
late, adding water and continuing the heat and percolation 
until the drug is exhausted. Allow the liquid to settle, strain 
through muslin, evaporate to 6 pints, and filter. To the 
filtrate add 5 pints of alcohol and afterward 3 fl. ounces of 
the water of ammonia, mixed with 8 fi. ounces of alcohol. 



120 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



After twenty-four hours pour in the remaining 3 fl. ounces of 
water of ammonia mixed with 8 fl. ounces of alcohol, and set 
the liquid aside to crystallize. The alcohol retains the coloring 
matters, resins, caoutchouc, etc., in solution. The ammonia 
combines with the natural acids containing morphine, and the 
Alkaloid morphine is precipitated and may be collected and 
purified by dissolving the precipitate in two pints of boiling 
alcohol, filtering while hot through animal charcoal and 
recrystallizing. 

Morphine is quite insoluble, requiring 500 parts of boiling 
water, 100 parts of cold alcohol or 36 parts of boiling alcohol 
to dissolve it ; it is therefore but little used in medicine, its 
soluble salts being employed instead. In pharmacy it is used 
as the basis of the morphine salts, and for making oleate of 
morphine. 

Many salts of Morphine are known, but only the three 
official salts, the acetate, hydrochlorate and sulphate are much 
used. They are narcotic and sedative, the usual adult dose 
being ]/% grain. 

102. Morphinae Acetas, U. S. 

Acetate of Morphine — {Acetate of Morphia.) 

C 17 H 19 N0 3 .HC 2 H 3 2 .3H 2 0. 

This is prepared according to the process formerly official, 
as follows : 

Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 

Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Acetic Acid, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Morphine with the distilled water and carefully add 
acetic acid drop by drop to the mixture, stirring constantly, 
until the morphine is neutralized and dissolved. Evaporate 
the solution by means of a water-bath to the consistence of 
syrup, and set aside until it concretes. Lastly, dry the salt 
with a very gentle heat and rub it to a powder. 

The Br. P. directs the salt to be made by decomposing the 
hydrochlorate with ammonia, dissolving the precipitate in 
acetic acid, etc. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 121 



103. Morphinas Hydrochloras, U. S. 

Hydrochlorate of Morphine — {Muriate of Morphia?) 

C 17 H 19 N0 3 .HC1.3H 3 0. 

The process formerly official in the U. S. P. is as follows: 

Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 

Distilled Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Morphine with the distilled water and carefully add 
hydrochloric acid to the mixture, drop by drop, constantly 
stirring it until the Morphine is neutralized and dissolved. 
Evaporate the solution by means of a water-bath, so that On 
cooling it may crystallize. Lastly, drain the crystals and dry 
them on bibulous paper. 

The Br. P. directs this salt to be prepared from opium in a 
similar manner, as is employed for making Morphine, subse- 
quently adding the hydrochloric acid. This is the salt chiefly 
used in Great Britain. 

104. Morphinae Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Morphine — {Sulphate of Morphia.) 

(C 17 H 19 N0 3 ) 2 .H 2 S0 4 .5H 2 0. 

The process formerly official in the U. S. P. is as follows: 

Morphine, in fine powder, .... 480 grains. 

Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Morphine with the distilled water, then carefully 
add diluted sulphuric acid, drop by drop, constantly stirring 
until the Morphine is neutralized and dissolved. Evaporate 
III- solution by means of a water-bath, so that on cooling it 
may crystallize. Lastly, drain the crystals and dry them on 
bibulous paper. 

The Br. P. directs the Morphine to be diffused in about 
twice its weight <>l boiling alcohol, and dilute sulphuric acid 
added to dissolve it. etc. 



122 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOID' 



Sulphate of Morphine is employed in the U. S. much more 
than any other salt of Morphine, in fact, the other salts are 
but little used. 

Fatal mistakes sometimes occur by dispensing it for quinine, 
as it so much resembles it in general appearance. It should 
never be transferred to a shelf or dispensing bottle, but should 
always be kept in an original ]/% ounce bottle, and distant from 
the package containing quinine ; all danger will thus be 
avoided. 

Other Salts of Morphine. 

Other salts of morphine are sometimes prescribed ; as the 
meconate and bi-meconate of Morphine, which are combinations 
of meconic acid with Morphine ; the bromide or hydrobromate 
of Morphine, being Morphine combined with hydrobromic 
acid ; the nitrate, hydriodatc, tartrate, valerianate, etc., combi- 
nations of Morphine with these acids ; but there is little use for 
any except the three official salts. 



105. Meconidina. 

Meconidinc. 



This Alkaloid found in opium is readily obtained by precip- 
itating a solution of meconic acid with an alkali, washing and 
drying the precipitate. It is not used in medicine, but is of 
interest as the base of the meconic principle in opium. 



106. Narceina. 

Narceine — (lVarceia.) 

C 23 H 39 N0 9 . 

Another Alkaloid of opium much resembling morphine, but 
more soluble, is obtained from the mother liquor after the 
crystallization of morphine. It is narcotic and may be given 
in y^ to ]/ 2 grain doses. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 123 

107. Pelletierina. 

Pellet ierine — (Pum'cine.) 

C 8 H 15 NO. 

This Alkaloid from the root bark of Punica Granatum (pome- 
granate) has recently come into use as a tcsniafuge. It is a 
liquid obtained by mixing milk of lime with the bark, 
exhausting with hot water, shaking the percolate with chloro- 
form, and allowing to evaporate. Dose -^ to -^ grain. 

Tannate of Pelletierine is the form in which it is usually 
administered for removing tape worm, the dose being ^ to 2 
grains. 

108. Physostigmina. 

Physostigm ine — Eserine. 

C 15 H 21 N 3 2 . 

The active principle of calabar bean (Physostigma) is obtained 
by exhausting finely powdered calabar bean with alcohol by 
means of the water-bath percolator, distilling off most of the 
alcohol of the percolate, adding water to the residue and 
shaking with ether, which dissolves the Alkaloid. The ether 
is allowed to evaporate and the Alkaloid is obtained in 
crystals. 

Uses. — Physostigmine, which is more frequently called 
Eserine, is a powerful sedative poison, the dose being ¥ J ¥ to 
,;'„ grain. 

109. Physostigminae Salicylas, U. S. 

Salicylate of Physostigmine or Eserine. 

C 1B H 21 N 3 3 C 7 H fl 3 . 

This official salt may be prepared by adding two parts of 
Physostigmine to a .solution of one part of salicylic acid in 35 
parts of boiling water, and allowing to crystallize on cooling. 

Uses. -Tin's salt is used in solution to contract the pupil of 
the eye, and internally as a sedative in doses of from T \^ to 2 ' - 
errain. 



124 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



I io. Pilocarpina. 

Pilocarpine — (Pilocarpina.) 

This is the chief medicinal constituent of the leaves of Pilo- 
carpus pcnnatifolins (jaborandi). It is obtained by exhausting 
the drug with alcohol by the water-bath percolator, distilling 
off most of the alcohol from the percolate, adding water and 
soda or potassa alkali, collecting the precipitate, washing with 
chloroform, and evaporating the solution. This produces 
Pilocarpine, an uncrystallizable Alkaloid. 

Uses. — Pilocarpine is a diaphoretic and sialogogue. Dose, 



in. Pilocarpine Hydrochloras, U. S. 

Hydrochlorate of Pilocarpine. 

CnH 16 N 3 3 .HCl. 

This is prepared by adding the Alkaloid Pilocarpine to dilute 
hydrochloric acid until it is neutralized or until no more will 
dissolve. The solution is then concentrated by evaporation 
and allowed to crystallize. Lastly, the crystals are drained and 
dried on bibulous paper. 

Uses. — The salt is used for the same purposes as the Alka- 
loid, and its solution is often employed hypodermically. Dose, 
yi to % grain. 

112. Pyridina. 

Pyridine. 

C 5 H 5 N. 

This liquid Alkaloid was formerly obtained from bone-oil 
and more recently from coal-tar. It is the first member of the 
Pyridine series, and consequently forms the basis of many very 
important substances. It has been suggested that all the 
Alkaloids are built up by derivation from Pyridine hydrides. 
It has no medicinal use. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 125 



113. Quinidina. 

Quinidine — Quinidia. 

^20^24^ 2^2* 

This Alkaloid may be obtained by decomposing its sulphate 
(which is recovered from the mother liquors after the crystalli- 
zation of sulphate of quinine) with water of ammonia or other 
alkaline solution, washing the precipitate on a filter and drying. 
The Alkaloid is seldom used except for making elixirs. 

114. Quinidinse Sulphas, U. S. 

Sulphate of Quinidine — {Sulphate of Quinidia) 
(C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ) 2 H 3 SO 4 .2H 3 O. 

This salt is obtained from the mother liquors from which 
sulphate of quinine has been removed by crystallization. It 
differs from sulphate of quinine by being much more soluble, 
containing a smaller percentage of H 3 0, and by being dextro- 
gyre while quinine is lsevogyre. It is sometimes called dextro- 
quinine. 

Medicinally, it is equal to quinine as an anti-periodic and 
anti-pyretic, but not as a tonic. The dose is from 1 to 20 
grains. 

115. Quinina. 

Quinine — Quinia. 
C 30 H 34 N 2 O 3 . 3 H 2 O. 

The Alkaloid Quinine is but little used in medicine on 
account of its insolubility as compared with its salts. In phar- 
macy it is frequently directed for making preparations in 
which the salts are objectionable, as some of the elixirs, syrups, 
etc., and for making oleate of Quinine. 

It may readily be prepared from the sulphate or other salts 
of Quinine by adding to their acid solution water of ammonia 
or other alkaline solution just sufficient to decompose the salt 
and precipitate the Alkaloid. The precipitate is then washed 
On a filter with Cold water and cart: full)' dried. 



126 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



Uses. — Quinine and its salts are tonic, anti-periodic, and 
anti-pyretic. The dose of the Alkaloid and most of its salts 
is from I to 20 grains according to circumstances. It is need- 
less to remark that preparations of Quinine are the most valu- 
able and the most generally used of any medicines. 

116. Quininae Bi-Sulphas, U. S. 

Bi-sulphate of Quinine. 
C2 0^24N 2 OoH 2 SO 4 .7H 2 O. 

This salt is prepared by adding to Sulphate of Quinine 
mixed with eight times its weight of water, sufficient sulphuric 
acid to dissolve it ; concentrating the solution by evaporation 
and allowing to crystallize; then draining and drying the crys- 
tals on bibulous paper. 

It is much more soluble — requiring but ten parts of cold 
water to effect its solution — and contains about one-eighth less 
of the Alkaloid than the Sulphate of Quinine, but otherwise 
it does not differ from it in general use, properties and dose. 

117. Quininae Hydrobromas, U. S. 

Hydrobromate or Bromide of Quinine. 
C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 HBr.2H 2 O. 

This may be most readily made by decomposing 40 parts of 
Sulphate of Quinine dissolved in 10 times its weight of hot 
alcohol, with 1 1 parts of bromide of potassium dissolved in 
3 times its weight of water. The sulphuric acid combined 
with the Quinine unites with the potassium, forming sulphate 
of potassium, which crystallize and the bromide unites with the 
Quinine in the remaining solution, which is concentrated until 
crystals of Hydrobromate of Quinine are formed. The uses 
and doses are similar to other quinine salts. 

118. Quininae Hydrochloras, U. S., Br. 

Hydrochlorate or Muriate of Quinine. 
C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 HC1.2H 2 O. 
This may be made in the same manner as Sulphate of Qui- 
nine, using hydrochloric instead of sulphuric acid, or by 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 127 

decomposing Sulphate of Quinine with chloride of barium in 
the same manner as is directed for preparing Hydrobromate of 
Quinine ; or by dissolving the Alkaloid Quinine with diluted 
hydrochloric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
The uses and doses are similar to the Sulphate of Quinine, 
but it is very much more soluble, making it more desirable for 
many purposes. It is the only Quinine salt except the Sul- 
phate that is recognized by the British Pharmacopoeia. 

119. Quininae Sulphas, U. S., Br. 

Sulphate of Quinine — {Sulphate of Quinia.) 



This is the best known and most extensively used of any of 
the salts of Quinine. It is popularly known and called for as 
"Quinine," and may be generally dispensed when "Quinine" 
is called for. It is less desirable in many respects than the 
Hydrochlorate or Bi-sulphate of Quinine, but has the advan- 
tage of being well known and therefore stands at the head of 
the Quinine salts. 

It is made from cinchona bark on a large scale by manufac- 
turers of chemicals in this country and in Europe, and forms a 
very important article of commerce. 

Manufacturing chemists who prepare it have, each, their 
special processes which produce it, varying slightly from each 
other in general appearance ; but medicinally and chemically 
they are the same. 

A process for making it was formerly official in the U. S. P., 
but was not repeated in the 6th revision. 

It is given here for convenient reference : 

Yellow Cinchona, in coarse powder, 48 troyounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 3^ troyounces. 

Lime, in fine powder 5 troyounces. 

Animal Charcoal, in fine powder. 

Sulphuric Acid. 

Alcohol. 

Water. 

Distilled Water, of each a sufficient quantity. 



128 AI.KALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



" Boil the cinchona in 13 pints of water mixed with % of the 
hydrochloric acid, and strain through muslin ; boil the residue 
twice successively with the same quantity of water and acid 
as before, and strain. Mix the decoctions, and, while the 
liquid is hot, gradually add the lime, previously mixed with 
two pints of water, stirring constantly until the Quinine 
(Alkaloid) is completely precipitated. Wash the precipitate 
with distilled water, and having pressed, dried and powdered 
it, digest it in boiling alcohol. Pour off the liquid and repeat 
the digestion several times until the alcohol is no longer ren- 
dered bitter. Mix the liquids and distill off the alcohol until 
a brown viscid mass remains. Upon this, transferred to a 
suitable vessel, pour 4 pints of distilled water, and having 
heated the mixture to the boiling point add as much sulphuric 
acid as may be necessary to dissolve the Quinine. Then add 
\y 2 troyounces of animal charcoal, boil the liquid for two 
minutes, filter while hot and set it aside to crystallize. Should 
the liquid before filtration be entirely neutral, acidulate it 
very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on the contrary, 
change the color of litmus paper to a bright red, add more 
animal charcoal. Separate the crystals from the liquid, dis- 
solve them in boiling distilled water, slightly acidulated with 
sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter the solution 
and set it aside to crystallize. Lastly, dry the crystals on 
bibulous paper with a gentle heat and keep them in a well- 
stopped bottle." 

Our own process differs from this by exhausting the drug 
with alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator without 
using the hydrochloric acid, distilling most of the alcohol, 
adding water and precipitating the Quinine with water of 
ammonia or solution of soda, washing the precipitate with hot 
alcohol, and proceeding as directed in the former official 
formula. 

Quinine Sulphate is soluble in 740 parts of cold or 30 parts 
boiling water ; in 65 parts cold or three parts boiling alcohol ; 
is precipitated by soluble alkalies,but redissolved by an excess 
of alkali. 

Uses. — Sulphate of Quinine is atonic antiperiodic and anti- 
pyretic ; its uses are too well known to require further mention. 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 129 

The dose is from I to 20 grains. It is given in powders, pills, 
capsules, mixtures, elixirs, syrups, etc. 

120. Quininae Valerianas, U. S. 

Valerianate of Quinine. 
C20^24N 3 O 3 C 5 H 10 O 2 .H 3 O. 
This may be made by decomposing a solution of Sulphate of 
Quinine with water of ammonia, washing the precipitate, dis- 
solving it in valerianic acid dissolved in a large quantity of 
water, and crystallizing. It is rarely used because the quantity 
of valerianic acid which it contains is too small to be of much 
medicinal value. 

Other Salts of Quinine. 

The foregoing are all the salts of Quinine official in the 
U.S. P., but many other salts are made and sold by manufacturing 
chemists ; they are, however, but little used, and the processes 
for making them are not different from those already given in 
the preceding pages ; being chiefly made by decomposing a 
solution of the Sulphate, and recombine it with the acid desired. 

" Hospital Quinine " is a mixture of the sulphates of cin- 
chonidine, quinidine and Quinine, generally containing about 
50 per cent, of Quinine in combination. 

" Dextro-Quinine" and " Cincho-Quinine" are preparations 
containing Quinidine mixed with cheaper salts of cinchona. 

" Sweet Quinine," which had at one time a great run, 
proved to be a mixture of the cheaper salts of cinchona with 
powdered glycyrrhizin. 

Several other preparations claiming to be substitutes for 
Quinine arc made up of the cheaper salts of cinchona bark 
combined with other substances ; but since low prices have 
ruled for Sulphate of Quinine there is little demand for them. 

121. Quinolina. 

t 'It incline — Lcucolinc — Quinoline. 
C 9 H 7 N. 
A liquid Alkaloid obtained from coal tar, closely related in 
chemical composition and action to the Cinchona Alkaloids. 



130 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



It is the first member of the Leucoline or Chinoline series, 
which have been much experimented upon for the artificial 
production of Quinine. 

The Tartrate of Chinoline is sometimes used in medicine for 
the same purpose as Quinine, and given in doses of from 4 to 
16 grains. 

122. Sanguinarina. 

Sanguinarine, 
C 19 H 17 N0 4 . 

This Alkaloid may be made by exhausting Sanguinariawith 
alcohol, by means of the water-bath percolator, distilling off 
most of the alcohol, adding water and solution of soda to pre- 
cipitate, washing the precipitate with hot alcohol, filtering 
through animal charcoal, concentrating and crystallizing. It 
is white, but yields very bright red salts with acids. 

Nitrate of Sanguinarine and Sulphate of Sanguinarine have 
been introduced by manufacturing chemists, and are quite 
favorably received by practitioners. 

Uses. — Sanguinarine and its salts are used in bronchitis, 
pneumonia and laryngitis in doses of -^ to -^ grain. 

123. Strychnina, U. S., Br. 

Strychnine — (Strychnia.) 

C 21 H 22 N 2 2 . 

This poisonous Alkaloid may be prepared by the former 

U. S. P. process, or by the 1885 Br. P. method. As the latter is 

later authority, and fully as concise, we repeat it (slightly 

altered) here : 

Nux Vomica, in fine powder, .... 16 oz. av. 

Acetate of Lead, 180 grains. 

Solution (Water) of Ammonia, 

Rectified Spirit, 

Distilled Water, of each a sufficiency. 

Macerate the powder for 12 hours with two pints of the 
spirit and one of water, by gentle heat ; transfer to the water- 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 131 

bath percolator, heat and percolate with two parts of spirit to 
one part of water until the drug is exhausted. Distill off the 
spirit, evaporate the residue to about 1 6 fl. ounces and filter when 
cold ; then add the acetate of lead previously dissolved in dis- 
tilled water, so long as it occasions any precipitate; filter; 
wash the precipitate with 10 ounces of cold water, adding the 
washings to the filtrate ; evaporate the clear liquid to eight 
fl. ounces and when it has cooled add the ammonia in slight ex- 
cess, stirring thoroughly. Let stand for 12 hours, collect the 
precipitate on a filter, wash it once with a few ounces of cold 
water, dry it by gentle heat, and boil it with successive por- 
tions of rectified spirit till the washings are no longer percep- 
tibly bitter. Distill off most of the spirit, evaporate the resi- 
due to about y 2 ounce and set aside to cool. Cautiously pour 
off the yellowish mother liquor (which contains the brucine) 
from the white crust of Strychnine which adheres to the vessel. 
Wash the crust on a filter paper with a mixture of two parts of 
rectified spirit and one of water till the washings cease to 
become red on the addition of nitric acid ; finally, dissolve it 
by boiling with an ounce of rectified spirit and set aside to 
crystallize. More crystals may be obtained by evaporating the 
mother liquor. 

Brucine — Co 3 H 20 N 2 O 2 — may be recovered from the yel- 
lowish mother liquor which is poured off (see above) by 
concentration and crystallization. 

Uses. — Strychnine and its salts are among the most valuable 
tonics we possess. It is given particularly in nervous exhaus- 
tion, and as a general tonic combined with other remedies. 
Dose, yfo to ,,'„ grain. 

124. Strychninae Sulphas, U. S. 

Sulphate of Strychnine — (Sulphate of Strychnia.) 



This may be prepared by dissolving Strychnine in diluted 
Sulphuric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 
The crystals are then drained and dried on bibulous paper. It 
is the most used of any of the strychnine salts because of its 



132 ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 



stability and ready solubility. It is used in pills, mixtures, 
elixirs, syrups, etc., alone and in combination with other medi- 
cines. The dose is the same as the Alkaloid, from T -i T to -^ 
grain. 

Other Salts of Strychnine. 

Many other salts of Strychnine are made by manufacturing 
chemists ; but the foregoing are all that are official or that are 
much used. If desired, others can be made in the same man- 
ner as the Sulphate by using other dilute acids in place of 
sulphuric. 

125. Thallina. 

Thalline. 

A new Alkaloid derived from Peruvian bark, and recently 
discovered by Prof. Straup, of Vienna. It possesses remark- 
able antipyretic properties, and is very prompt and efficient in 
its action. 

The sulphate is the salt most frequently used ; the dose 
being from 2 to 5 grains. The tannate and tartrate are also 
prescribed. 

Antipyrin and Antifebrin are proprietary antipyretics, lately 
introduced, similar in action to thalline. 

126. Trimethylamina. 

Triniethylamine. 

(CH 3 ) 3 N. 

This Alkaloid is isomeric with Propylamine, and its solution 
in water is furnished and used as propylamine. True propyl- 
amine is not used in medicine. 

Trimethylamine is made from herring-pickle by distillation 
with lime, the distillate being neutralized with hydrochloric 
acid and evaporated and the saline residue treated with abso- 
lute alcohol which dissolves out the Alkaloid and leaves the 
chloride of ammonium undissolved. The alcoholic solution is 
then distilled, the residue dissolved in water and again care- 
fully distilled with lime, the distillate being the liquid Alkaloid. 
This Alkaloid is also obtained from the residues left in the 



ALKALOIDES — ALKALOIDS. 133 

preparation of beet sugar; from ergot, cod-liver oil, guano and 
other substances. 

Hydrochlorate of Trimethylamine, which is also sold under 
the name of Chloride or Hydrochlorate of Propylamine, is 
obtained by neutralizing Trimethylamine with hydrochloric 
acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 

Uses. — The hydrochlorate is used in articular rheumatism 
and gout. The dose is from 2 to 3 grains, generally given in 
elixir or syrup. 

127. Veratrina, U. S., Br. 

Veratrine — ( Veratria^) 

An Alkaloid or mixture of Alkaloids obtained from the 
seeds of cevadilla {asagrcea officinalis) by exhausting them with 
alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator, recovering most 
of the alcohol by distillation, adding water, filtering to remove 
resins, etc., adding solution of potassa or ammonia to the 
filtered liquid, collecting the precipitate, dissolving it in alco- 
hol, filtering through animal charcoal, concentrating and 
crystallizing. 

Uses. — It is used externally in liniments, ointments, and 
applications for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. It is very 
poisonous. 

Other Alkaloids. 

The foregoing Alkaloids and their salts are the chief natural 
Alkaloids now employed in medicine, but others are being 
constantly brought to notice, and finding use and favor as 
medicinal agents. Quite a number of artificial Alkaloids are 
now being introduced, and finding new application in medicine 
and the arts. The coal tar bases, aniline, pyridine, toluidine, 
etc., and their derivatives arc extensively used in the arts, 
besides forming the bases of many of the artificial Alkaloids, 
which are now made. 

The chemist in his laboratory is now able to prepare, by 
synthesis, several of the Alkaloids, either identical with or 



134 ALLYL. 



closely resembling the natural ones, and it is not improbable 
that ere long most of the valuable Alkaloids that are now 
obtained from rare or expensive drugs may be reproduced in 
the chemist's workshop from worthless substances, that have 
heretofore been waste products. It is not expedient to give 
in detail the complex operations by which artificial Alkaloids 
are produced, but it may be stated in general that they are 
mostly made, either by converting one Alkaloid of a drug into 
another by supplying or abstracting some portion of its ele- 
ments, or by substituting atoms of one element for another in 
the complex molecules of organic bases. Other Alkaloids 
will be noticed under other headings. 



ALLYL. 

A cry I — Propylenyl. 



The radical of the essential oils containing sulphur is called 
Allyl. The plants or oils containing this radical combined with 
sulphur have peculiar pungent, penetrating odors which cannot 
be mistaken. Asafcetida, scurvy grass, cress, garlic, leek, 
horseradish, radish, shepherd's purse, wallflower, mustard, 
onion, nasturtium, and many other less familiar plants owe 
their peculiar odors and pungency to combinations of the 
Allyl radical with some form of sulphur. The Allyl and 
glyceryl radicals are isomeric, being identical in composition, 
but the former is univalent and the latter trivalent. 

128. Allyl Hydrate. C 3 H 5 HO. — {Allyl Alcohol:)— By uniting with the 
elements of water Allyl forms a hydrate or alcohol which boils at 96°C. It 
has no use at present in pharmacy. 

129. Allyl Sulphide. (C 3 H 5 ) g S.— {Artificial Oil of Garlic.)— This is 
artificially produced by decomposing Allyl Iodide with an alcoholic solution 
of sulphide of potassium. Its composition is the same as the natural 
Volatile Oil of Garlic. 

130. Allyl Sulphocyanate. C 3 H 5 CNS.— {Artificial Oil of Mustard) 
— This is prepared by distilling Allyl Sulphate with potassium isothiocyanate, 
or by gently heating a mixed alcoholic solution of sulphide of Allyl and 
bichloride of mercury, with sulphocyanide of potassium. It is identical in> 



ALOE — ALOES. 135 



composition with the natural volatile oil of mustard, which is chemically 
Allyl isothiocyanate. 

The volatile oil of mustard is used in some liniments and pain relievers. 
Its vapor is very irritating, and care must be used in dispensing it. It should 
be very much diluted when employed. 



ALOE— ALOES. 

As found in the market Aloes consists of the inspissated 
juice of the leaves of several varieties of Aloe found in Africa. 

The U. S. P. recognizes only the variety produced from 
Aloe Socotrina; the Br. P. directs both Barbadoes and Socotrine 
Aloes, while the G. P. names Cape Aloes, which includes a 
variety of different species native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
The various species are all more or less used in pharmacy, 
the Barbadoes and Socotrine being chiefly employed for man 
and the Cape Aloes for horses and cattle. 

The fleshy leaves of the Aloe are cut off near their base and 
their juice allowed to drain into troughs or vessels. The col- 
lected juice is then evaporated to the consistence of an extract 
and run into boxes, kegs or gourds, in which shape it is 
brought to the market. 

Aloes is a well-known and much-used purgative, being 
familiarly known to the household as " Picra." It is the 
active ingredient in most patent and cathartic pills. In small 
doses, i to 2 grains, it is a tonic, stomachic, and is the chief 
ingredient of several " bitters " which have been extensively 
sold. The laxative dose is 2 to 3 grains, and the dose as an 
active purgative is 10 to 13 grains. 

Various preparations of Aloes will be found under their 
proper headings, as extracts, pills, powders, tinctures, wines, etc. 

131. Aloe Purificata, U. S. 

Purified Aloes. 

Aloes, 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 

Alcohol 15 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Heat the Aloes by water-bath until it is completely melted, 
then add the alcohol and having stirred the mixture thoroughly 



136 ALUMINIUM. 



strain it through a fine sieve which has just been dipped into 
boiling water. Evaporate the strained mixture by means of a 
water-bath, constantly stirring until a thread of the mass 
becomes brittle on cooling. 

The object of purifying the Aloes is to remove foreign sub- 
stances, such as sticks, stones, dirt, and other impurities which, 
by the carelessness in making it, have been introduced. Its 
properties and uses are the same as Aloes. It is only official 
in the U. S. 

132. Aloin, Br. 

C 16 H 18 7- 

" A crystalline substance extracted from Aloes by solvents 
and purified by recrystallization. As obtained from the differ- 
ent varieties of Aloes, the products differ slightly, but their 
medicinal properties are similar." Br. 

Aloin appears to be the active or cathartic principle of 
Aloes. It is obtained by treating Aloes with acidulated boil- 
ing water, which dissolves the Aloin and resinous matter. 
After standing for some hours to cool the liquid is poured off 
from the resin and evaporated to the consistence of syrup. 
When cool, crystals of Aloin form, which may be purified by 
repeated recrystallization from hot alcohol. 

The laxative dose is from Trr to T grain, the cathartic dose 
|- to 2 grains. It is considerably used, in combination with 
other medicines, in "little liver pills." 



ALUMINIUM. 

Symbol, Al ; Atomic weight, 27.3 ; Sp. gr. 2.56. 

Aluminium is a metal element which exists in nature in com- 
bination with silicic acid in clays and rocks. In this form it is 
very abundant, but because of the difficulty of separating it 
from its combinations it is quite expensive. It was first 
obtained from the chloride by Wohler in 1828, but was known 
only as a laboratory product until 1858, when Deville improved 
the methods of producing it so that it could be manufactured 
for commercial purposes ; recent processes have, however, 



ALUMINIUM. 137 



been introduced by which it can be furnished at a much lower 
price, and it will be much more employed in the arts than 
formerly. It is a very light, silver-white metal, strong, ductile, 
malleable, and non-corrosive, admirably fitting it for many use- 
ful and ornamental purposes. The only use to which the 
metal is applied in the business of the pharmacist is for 
making grain weights, but its salts unite with the salts of the 
alkali metals, to form double salts called alums, which are con- 
siderably used in medicine and pharmacy, and extensively 
employed in dyeing and other arts. Besides the double salts, 
it forms single salts with many of the acids, though they are 
but little used, the hydrate and sulphate only being official. 

From its wide distribution in nature, its importance and 
usefulness in the arts, and the possibilities of its application, 
it is now called the "Metal of the Future." 

Aluminium Bronze is an alloy considerably used for making 
ornaments, mounting instruments, etc. It is composed of 9 
parts of copper and one of aluminium. 

Kaolin or China Clay ( Al 3 3 .2Si0 3 +2H 3 ) is a hydrated 
silicate of Aluminium oxide, found in nature, and used for mak- 
ing china-ware, crockery, etc. It is sometimes used in pharmacy. 

133. Alumen, U. S., Br. 

Alum. 

K 3 A1 3 (S0 4 ) 4 ,2 4 H 3 0. 

This is the official potassa-alum (Aluminii et Potassii Sul- 
phas). The alum of commerce is ammonia-alum (NH 4 ) 3 A1 3 
(S0 4 ) 4 . It is to be regretted that the official salt is not the 
same as the commercial, for, on account of their difference, the 
official salt is seldom used, the commercial alum being sup- 
plied whenever it is directed. 

The potassa-alum is prepared by treating alum-clay with 
sulphuric acid to form Aluminium Sulphate, then adding 
potassium sulphate, which unites to form the double salt. 
Ammonia-alum is made in a similar way, ammonium sulphate- 
being used instead of potassium sulphate. 

Alum is a powerful astringent, and is used externally as a 



138 ALUMINIUM. 



wash, styptic, etc. It is also given internally as an astringent 
and in croup as an emetic, and is much used as an astringent 
injection and gargle. 

Potassa-alum is soluble in about 10 parts of cold water, 
while ammonia-alum requires about 16 parts. 

Alum Curd.— Alum in the form of curd, made by rubbing 
white of egg with a lump of alum until it is coagulated, or by 
mixing half a teaspoonful of powdered alum with the white 
of one egg, is considerably used as a " poultice " for inflamma- 
tion, especially of the eye. 

Alum Whey is a domestic remedy, made by boiling a large 
teaspoonful (60 grains) of powdered alum with a glassful (about 
10 fl. ounces) of milk, and straining when cool. The liquid is 
taken in doses of a wineglassful for looseness of the bowels, etc. 

134. Alumen Exsiccatum, U. S., Br. 

Dried or "Burnt" Alum. 
K 3 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 4 . 

This is officially made by exposing alum for several days to 
a temperature of about 8o° C. (176 F.) until it has thoroughly 
effloresced, and then placing it in a porcelain capsule and grad- 
ually heating it to a temperature of 200° C. (392 F.) and 
continuing the heat until the mass becomes white and porous. 
As found in commerce it is usually made from commercial 
ammonia-alum, by melting it in an iron kettle and continuing 
the heat until the water of crystallization has entirely evap- 
orated. In a domestic way it is made by putting a lump of 
alum on a hot stove and letting it remain until it is dry. 

With this, as with the official alum, potassa-alum is seldom 
employed to make it, ammonia-alum being used instead. 

As this is simply alum deprived of its water of crystalliza- 
tion it has the same general properties as alum, but is much 
more powerful. It is chiefly used as an escharotic for remov- 
ing " proud flesh " or other morbid growths. It is also used for 
hemorrhages, particularly of the nose, and of the gums after 
drawing teeth. It is generally used in the form of dry 
powder. 



ALUMINIUM. 139 



135. Aluminii Hydras, U. S. 

Hydrate of Aluminium — (Hydrated Alumina?) 
Al,(HO),. 

This is a white light powder, somewhat resembling magnesia, 
made by precipitating a saturated solution of alum with a solu- 
tion of carbonate of sodium ; the proportions are as follows : 

Alum, 11 parts or ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium 10 parts or ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve each salt separately in 150 parts (or about 10 pints) 
of distilled water, filter the solutions and heat them to boiling, 
then having poured the hot solution of carbonate of sodium 
into a capacious vessel, gradually pour in the hot solution of 
alum, with constant stirring, and add about 100 parts or 6 pints 
of boiling distilled water. Let the precipitate subside, pour 
off the water and wash it well with fresh water as directed for 
washing precipitates (page 44), then dry at a temperature not 
exceeding 40 'C. (104 F.) and reduce to a uniform powder, 
which is the hydrate. 

The Hydrate of Aluminium is an absorbent and antacid, 
and is given in doses of from 2 to 5 grains in irritation of the 
stomach, etc. Externally it is used for covering inflamed sur- 
faces to prevent chafing, etc. It is also used as an ingredient 
in face-powders and liquid cosmetics. 

Alumina. — Oxide of Aluminium (A1 2 3 .) — This is the most 
abundant of the earths, the chief constituent of clay. It 
may be prepared by heating the hydrate to a white heat in a 
covered crucible. The Hydrate and Oxide of Aluminium 
readily dissolve in acids forming soluble salts. 

136. Aluminii Sulphas, U. S. 

Sulphate of Aluminium. 

.\1.,(S() 4 ),.i8H 2 0. 

This may be made by dissolving Hydrate of Aluminium to 
saturation in diluted sulphuric acid by the aid of heat, evap- 



140 ALUMINIUM. 



orating the solution and crystallizing or granulating by stirring 
until dry. It is but little used internally, but in the form of a 
weak solution (i ounce to I quart) is used as an astringent 
injection and cleansing wash for ulcers, etc. A saturated solu- 
tion is a powerful escharotic and astringent, and may be used 
for the same purposes as " burnt " alum when it cannot well 
be applied. 

Other Salts of Aluminium. 

Besides the foregoing official Salts of Aluminium, it com- 
bines with other acids and elements forming salts sometimes 
used in pharmacy, medicine and the arts. 

137. Aluminium Acetate — A1 3 6C 3 H 3 3 . — Made by dissolving Alu- 
minium Hydrate in acetic acid to saturation, evaporating and crystallizing. 
It is chiefly used for dyeing and calico printing as a mordant, but is some- 
times used in medicine for diarrhoea and as a preservative for animal tissues 
in the form of injection. 

138. Aluminium Chloride — A1 3 C1 6 . — By dissolving Aluminium Hydrate 
in hydrochloric acid to saturation, evaporating carefully and crystallizing ; 
also by sublimation. 

Chloralum. — An impure solution of Aluminium Chloride called Chloralum, 
is made by dissolving one part of aluminium hydrate in five parts of com- 
mercial hydrochloric acid. It is used for disinfecting. 

139. Aluminium Bromide — Al 3 Br 6 . — By passing vapor of bromine over a 
heated mixture of alumina and carbon. Sometimes used as an antiseptic. 

140. Aluminium Iodide — A1 3 I 6 . — By heating Aluminium and iodine 
together in closed tubes. 

141. Aluminium Nitrate — Al 3 (N0 3 ) G .i8H,0. — By dissolving Alu- 
minium Hydrate in nitric acid to saturation, filtering, concentrating and 
crystallizing. 

142. Aluminium Phosphate — A1 3 (P0 4 ) 3 . — By mixing a neutral solution 
of Alumina with a solution of sodium phosphate and collecting the pre- 
cipitate. 

143. Aluminium Tannate. — By triturating 1 part of Hydrate of Alu- 
minium and 2 parts of tannic acid with sufficient water to make a mixture 
the consistence of syrup, and then evaporating to dryness by a heat not over 
120 F. It is used in dysentery, hemorrhage, etc., in doses of 3 to 12 grains. 

Other Salts of Aluminium may be prepared with other acids 
and elements, but the foregoing are all that are generally 
known. 



AMMONIUM. 141 



AMMONIUM. 

Symbol, NH 4 ; Atomic weight, iS. 

A hypothetical metal, the analogue of potassium and 
sodium. Although it is not classed with the elements, it has 
the same characteristics as the alkali metals. The metal 
Ammonium has not yet been authoritatively isolated, but it is 
reported that Weyl succeeded in obtaining it as a dark-blue 
liquid, having a metallic lustre. Its composition is therefore 
only known by its characteristics in its compounds, which 
correspond with the chemical formula (NH 4 ) assigned to it. 
It is an univalent radical like potassium or sodium and its 
compounds or salts closely resemble them. 

The Salts of Ammonium are mostly colorless and very 
soluble in water, they are volatilized at high temperatures, and 
when heated with the hydrates of potassium, sodium, or cal- 
cium are decomposed with evolution of ammonia gas. 

The derivatives and Salts of Ammonium are extensively 
used in pharmacy, medicine, and the arts, the commercial 
basis of them being chiefly the waste " ammoniacal liquor" of 
gas works, which is neutralized either with sulphuric acid, 
forming sulphate of ammonium, or with hydrochloric acid, 
forming crude chloride of ammonium (sal-ammoniac), which 
may be converted into any of the ammonium compounds. 

Ammonium Amalgam. — The nearest approach to the 
metal Ammonium is Ammonium Amalgam, which is made by 
dissolving potassium in mercury and adding a strong solution 
of ammonium chloride to it. It is a spongy metallic substance, 
which as soon as formed begins to decompose into ammonia, 
mercury and hydrogen. 

144. Ammonia. 

Ammonia Gas — Hydrate of Ammonium. 

NH 3 . 

Gascons Ammonia was first made known by Priestley in 
1785. It is known by its peculiar odor and by its property of 



142 AMMONIUM. 



restoring the color of blue litmus which has been reddened by 
acids, or by forming a white cloud with the vapor of hydro- 
chloric acid. In pharmacy its solution in water (which is 
known in the United States as water of ammonia and in Great 
Britain, France and Germany as solution of ammonia) is the 
only form in which it is available ; but in the arts, gaseous 
ammonia is considerably employed. It is produced in nature 
by the decomposition of animal and some vegetable substances 
and is mainly supplied to commerce from the waste products 
of gas manufacture. It is retained for use in the form of 
some of its stable salts with acids. 

It is strongly alkaline, and is sometimes called animal alkali, 
volatile alkali, etc. 

It unites with nearly all acids to form stable salts, and dis- 
solves freely in water — I volume of water dissolving nearly 
700 volumes of the gas — but it escapes freely from its aqueous 
solution when exposed ; hence the penetrating odor of water 
of ammonia. In the form of gas it is used by inhalation from 
its solution as a quick stimulant and restorative for syncope, 
collapse, etc., and as a domestic remedy for headache and 
many other ailments. 

Amidogen — NH 2 .— This is a hypothetical body composed 
of one atom of nitrogen and two of hydrogen. As its name 
indicates, it is the generator of amides, which it forms by com- 
bining with other bodies. 

Amides are compounds derived from Ammonia by replacing 
one or more of its atoms of hydrogen by an acid radical. All 
the known Amides are white crystalline solids, many of them 
having both acid and basic properties. They include most of 
the non-volatile alkaloids (see page 98) and the Ammonia 
derivatives of the haloid and ethereal salts, etc. They are 
known as monamides, diamides and triamides according to 
their formation and combination. 

Amines are compounds derived from Ammonia by replacing 
one or more of its atoms of hydrogen with a basic radical. 
They consist of the volatile alkaloids (see page 98), the arti- 
ficial alkaloids, the ammonia derivatives of the alcohol radi- 
cals and other hydrocarbons, etc. They are known as 



AMMONIUM. 143 



monamines, diamines, or triamines according as the hydrogen 
is displaced from a single, double, or triple molecule of 
Ammonia. 

Alkamides are Ammonia compounds intermediate between 
amines and amides, containing both acid and basic radicals. 



145. Aqua Ammoniae. 

Water of Ammonia, U. S. — Solution of Ammonia, Br. 

Although this preparation is properly included under the 
heading AQU.E or LIQUORES, it is also given here because it is 
the basis of many of the Salts of Ammonium. The process 
of the 1870 U. S. P. was to mix muriate of ammonia 
(ammonium chloride) in small pieces with milk of lime in a 
retort connected with a cooled receiver by means of a glass 
tube extending beneath the surface of distilled water con- 
tained in the receiver. Heat being then applied the lime is 
converted into chloride of lime, liberating the ammonia gas 
which is distilled and dissolved in the water contained in the 
receiver. 

The official strength of the U. S., Br. and German, water, 
liquor or solution of ammonia is 10 per cent, by weight of the 
gas. Its sp. gr. is 0.960. In German pharmacy it is often pre- 
scribed by its Latin name, "Liquor Ammo nit Caustici." 

It is supplied by manufacturers in carboys, and marked by 
some 16 and by others F.F.F. or 3 F. Other manufacturers 
mark the 20 ammonia F.F.F. or 3 F., so it will be seen that 
considerable confusion exists in regard to the F.'s, and they 
should never be taken as the standard of strength of the 
solution, the degree marks, only, being reliable. 

In pharmacy both the 10 percent, and the stronger solutions 
arc used in making the official preparations, and in general use 
other strengths arc employed ; for druggists buy of manufac- 
turing chemists water of ammonia varying all the way from 6 
to 28 per cent, or more of the gas — the most frequently sold 
being the " FFF " or 20 Baum6, sp. gr. 0.933, containing 17^ 
per cent, of gas. To reduce the 20 or "FFF" ammonia to 



144 AMMONIUM. 

the official io per cent, water of ammonia mix 16 ounces av. 
with 12 ounces av. of distilled water. 

To reduce the 28 per cent, or stronger water of ammonia to 
the 10 per cent, strength, mix 16 ounces av. with 28|- ounces 
av. of distilled water. 

Uses. — In medicine water of ammonia is used externally as 
an application in the form of liniments, mixtures, etc., as a 
stimulant and counter-irritant for rheumatism, neuralgia, lame- 
ness, etc. Internally it is given very largely diluted as an 
antacid and stimulant, in doses of from 5 to 30 drops. 

In the industrial arts and manufacturing of chemicals 
ammonia is extensively used either in the form of gas, solution, 
or salts. 



146. Aqua Ammoniae Fortior. 

Stronger Water of Ammonia, U. S. — Strong Solution of 
Ammonia, Br. 

The U. S. official Stronger Water of Ammonia contains 28 
per cent, of ammonia gas by weight, sp. gr. 0.900, and is 
marked 26 . The Br. Strong Solution of Ammonia contains 
32.5 per cent, of the gas by weight, sp. gr. 0.891. There is no 
corresponding official German solution. 

It is prepared in the same manner as the 10 per cent, solu- 
tion, except that a greater percentage of gas is dissolved in the 
water. 

Stronger Water of Ammonia is frequently employed as a 
vesicant and caustic, but is seldom given internally. 



Ammonium Salts. 

Ammonium forms salts with nearly all the mineral and 
vegetable acids. They are generally colorless and very soluble 
in water. A few only are official in the U. S., less in the Br., 
and still less in the G. P. Of those unofficial in the U. S. P. 
but few are used in medicine or pharmacy. The following are 
the official salts : 



AMMONIUM. 145 

147. Ammonii Benzoas. 

Benzoate of Ammonium. 

NH 4 C 7 H s 2 . 

Benzoic Acid, 1 ounce av. 

Water of Ammonia, about, . . . . 1)4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water 2 fl. ounces. 

Mix the water of ammonia with the distilled water and dis- 
solve the benzoic acid in the mixture. Evaporate the solution 
by gentle heat, adding from time to time a little water of 
ammonia to maintain a slight excess of alkali. 

Then set aside to crystallize and dry the crystals without 
heat. 

Uses. — The Benzoate of Ammonium is somewhat used as a 
stimulant diuretic in kidney diseases. Dose 5 to 20 grains. 

148. Ammonii Bromidum. 

Bromide of Ammonium. 

NH 4 Br. 

This salt may be made by neutralizing hydrobromic acid 
with ammonia, evaporating the solution and crystallizing; by 
decomposing bromide of potassium with ammonium sulphate 
in the presence of alcohol, and by many other processes. 

Uses. — Bromide of Ammonium is used as a hypnotic and 
sedative, and is by many preferred to potassium bromide. 
Dose from 10 to 60 grains or more. 

\ 

149. Ammonii Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Ammonium — Sal Volatile — Hartshorn — Sesaui- 
Carbonate of Ammonium. 

MI.,HC0 3 .NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 . 

As prepared for commerce the Carbonate of Ammonium is 
a mixed salt, consisting of one molecule of acid ammonium 
carbonate and one of ammonium carbamate. It is generally 



I4(> AMMONIUM. 



prepared by subliming chloride or sulphate of ammonium with 
chalk or calcium carbonate and resubliming the product. It is 
a volatile and pungent ammonia salt — the only one having 
the odor of ammonia gas. Exposed to the air it soon loses 
the odor of ammonia and becomes inert, hence it must be 
carefully preserved in air-tight packages. 

Uses. — In pharmacy it is used in making aromatic spirit of 
ammonia, solution of acetate of ammonium and several other 
preparations and in the preparation of smelling salts. In 
medicine it is given as a stimulant in doses of 3 to 5 grains, 
generally in some mucilaginous syrup. It is frequently given 
combined with expectorants in cough syrup. It is also 
employed in cleaning compounds and for culinary purposes. 



150. Ammonii Chloridum. 

Chloride of Ammonium — Muriate of Ammonia — Sal 
Ammoniac. 



This salt is generally prepared, commercially, from the 
ammoniacal liquid obtained from gas works, and known as " gas 
liquor" by neutralizing with hydrochloric acid and subliming 
the salt thus obtained. It is inconvenient for pharmaceutical 
use as it comes into market, but may be granulated and puri- 
fied as follows : 

Chloride of Ammonium, in small pieces, 20 tr.ounces. 

Water of Ammonia, 5 fl. drachms. 

Water, 2 pints. 

Dissolve the salt in the water by the aid of heat in a porcelain 
vessel, add the water of ammonia, and continue the heat for a 
short time, filter the solution while hot and evaporate to dry- 
ness with constant stirring at a moderate heat until it granu- 
lates. 

Uses. — The Chloride of Ammonium is used as a stimulant, 
especially in cough mixtures, and externally in ''solution," for 
lameness, etc. The dose internally is from 2 to 10 grains. 



AMMONIUM. 147 



151. Ammonii Iodidum. 

Iodide of Ammonium. 



This is made by decomposing a concentrated solution of 
iodide of potassium with sulphate of ammonium. Sulphate 
of potassium remains undissolved and Iodide of Ammonium 
is obtained from the filtered liquid by evaporation and crys- 
tallization. 

Uses. — The Iodide of Ammonium is similar to iodide of 
potassium and is used for the same purposes. It is alterative 
and resolvent. Dose 2 to 5 grains. 



152. Ammonii Nitras. 

Nitrate of Ammonium. 

NH 4 2 . 

Nitrate of Ammonium may be made by adding carbonate 
of ammonium to nitric acid as long as effervescence occurs, 
then filtering the solution, concentrating and crystallizing or 
evaporating until all the water is driven off, when it may then 
be "granulated " by stirring until cool, or " fused " by allowing 
to cool without stirring. 

Uses. — This is sometimes used as a diuretic, but is chiefly 
employed for the preparation of nitrous oxide or " laughing 
gas," which is made from it simply by heating the Nitrate of 
Ammonium and purifying the gas by running through a wash- 
bottle. 

153. Ammonii Phosphas. 

Phosphate of Ammonium. 

(NH 4 ) a HP0 4 . 

Tin's may be made: by adding stronger water of ammonia to 
phosphoric acid (50 percent., [880,) until slightly in excess, 
then concentrating the liquid by evaporation and crystallizing. 



148 AMMONIUM. 

A little water of ammonia should be added while evaporating 
to keep the solution slightly alkaline. 

Uses. — This is used as a remedy for rheumatism and gout 
in doses of 1 5 to 30 grains. 

154. Ammonii Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Ammonium. 

(NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . 

The common source of this salt is gas liquor or fetid bone- 
spirit, which is saturated with sulphuric acid and the salt 
obtained repeatedly crystallized to obtain pure. It is also 
made by adding gas liquor to powdered sulphate of calcium, 
which is decomposed, leaving calcium carbonate precipitated, 
while the Sulphate of Ammonium remains in solution. The 
solution is then evaporated and crystallized. 

Uses. — The Sulphate of Ammonium is used as the basis of 
most of the ammonium salts and as a source of ammonia gas 
in making water of ammonia, because of its cheapness. It is 
not employed in medicine. 

155. Ammonii Valerianas. 

Valerianate of Ammonium. 

NH 4 C 5 H 9 2 . 

This salt is prepared by passing dried gaseous ammonia into 
monohydrated valerianic acid. A process for making it was 
official in the U. S. P. 1870; but it is generally supplied by 
manufacturing chemists who have facilities for preparing it. 
It is chiefly used in pharmacy for making Elixir of Valerianate 
of Ammonium. 

Uses. — In medicine Valerianate of Ammonium is employed, 
usually in the form of elixir or solution, in hysteria, delirium, 
neuralgia, and nervous diseases. It is a nervine. The usual 
dose is from 2 to 20 grains. 



AMMONIUM. 149 



Other Salts of Ammonium. 

Besides the foregoing official Salts of Ammonium, the follow- 
ing are sometimes used : 

156. Ammonium Arseniate — (NH 4 ) 2 ,H,As0 4 . — Made by saturating a 
concentrated solution of arsenious acid with water of ammonia and allowing 
to evaporate spontaneously. A soluble salt of arsenic frequently employed 
in medicine. 

157. A mm °nium Bicarbonate — NH 4 HC0 3 . — Add one part of powdered 
carbonate of ammonium to two parts of water, agitate and decant the liquid, 
the residue remaining is the Bicarbonate of Ammonium. 

158. Ammonium Bichromate — (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 7 . — Made by adding chromic 
acid to stronger water of ammonia to saturation, concentrating and crystal- 
lizing. 

159. Ammonium Borate — 2(NH 4 HB 2 4 ),3H 2 0. — Dissolve one part of 
boric acid in three parts of warm water of ammonia, 10 per cent., allow to 
cool slowly and crystallize. Used for the same purposes as borate of sodium 
or common borax. 

160. Ammonium Carbazotate or Picrate. — Add carbazotic (picric) acid 
to stronger water of ammonia to neutralize, allow to evaporate spontaneously 
and crystallize. 

161. Ammonium Citrate — (NH 4 ) 3 C 6 H 5 7 + 3H 2 0. — Add citric acid to 
water of ammonia to neutralize, concentrate and crystallize. This assists 
in dissolving salts of quinine and other salts of alkaloids. 

162. Ammonium Fluoride — NH 4 F. — Made by saturating hydrofluoric 
acid with water of ammonia. 

163. Ammonium Formate — NH 4 CH0 2 . — Neutralize formic acid with 
water of ammonia, concentrate and crystallize. 

164. Ammonium Gallate. — Add gallic acid to stronger water of ammonia 
to saturation, concentrate and crystallize. 

165. Ammonium Hydrosulphide or Sulphide — NH 4 HS. — By passing 
sulphuretted hydrogen gas through water of ammonia a solution may be 
obtained, or by mixing gaseous ammonia with sulphuretted hydrogen gas at 
low temperature crystals are formed. 

166. Ammonium Hypophosphite.- I \y neutralizing water of ammonia with 
nypophosphorous acid, concentrating and crystallizing. This is used in com- 
bination with other hypophosphites in syrups and solutions. 

167. Ammonium Molybdate. Made by neutralizing molybdic acid with 
ammonia. Pho&komofybdate of Ammonium is a compound with phos- 
phoric a. nl. These salts are used as tests for organic bases, which they pre- 
cipitate. 



150 AMMONIUM. AM VI. 



168. Ammonium Nitrite — NH 4 NO„. — To a solution of nitrate of silver 
add a solution of chloride of ammonium and evaporate the clear solution 
poured from the precipitate over sulphuric acid to dryness. This is used as a 
diuretic. 

169. Ammonium Oxalate — iNH 4 ) 2 C 2 4 . — To a hot solution of oxalic 
acid add carbonate of ammonium until neutralized, concentrate the solution 
and crystallize. It is used in chemistry as a test for calcium, with which it 
produces a white precipitate soluble in nitric acid. 

170. Ammonium Phenylate or Phenylamine is produced in small quan- 
tities when carbolic acid is heated in sealed tubes with ammonia. It is 
known in the market as aniline, or "aniline oil," the base of the aniline dyes. 
See Aniline. 

171. Ammonium Salicylate — NH 4 C-H 5 3 . — Add salicylic acid to water 
of ammonia until neutralized, then evaporate and crystallize. Used in 
rheumatism aud neuralgia the same as salicylate of sodium. 

172. Ammonium Succinate. — Dissolve 1 part of succinic acid in 4 parts 
of water, neutralize with carbonate of ammonium, in slight excess, evaporate 
and crystallize. 

173. Ammonium Sulphite — NH 4 HS0 3 . — This is made by passing sul- 
phurous acid gas into an alcoholic solution of ammonia and collecting the 
precipitate. 

174. Ammonium Sulphocyanate — NH 4 CNS. — Neutralize hydrosulpho- 
cyanic acid with ammonia, or dissolve bisulphide of carbon in alcohol and 
heat in the presence of water of ammonia, then concentrate by evaporation 
and crystallize. 

175. Ammonium Vanadate. — Neutralize vanadic acid with ammonia, 
concentrate and crystallize. 

Many other Ammonium Salts are formed with various 
acids and acid compounds, but those mentioned are all that 
are generally used in pharmacy. 



AMYL. 
C.H lr 

The radical of the Amyl series of compounds of which 
" fousel oil " is the hydrate, is known as Amyl. Its compounds 
form an interesting series of products, somewhat used in 
medicine and considerably employed in making artificial fruit 
flavors. The compounds of Amyl are nearly all prepared 
from its hydrate — Amylic Alcohol (C 5 H u HO), or, as it is 
commercially known, Fousel or Fusel Oil. This is combined 



AMYL. 



151 



with various acids and forms oxides or ethers, which are 
separated by distillation in the same manner as ethyl ethers. 
(See page 78.) Its compounds, however, are not known com- 
mercially as ethers, but by the acids with which they are 
combined, as Acetate of Amyl, etc. Nitrite of Amyl is the 
only U. S. official compound, but the Br. P. includes Amylic 
Alcohol also. (See page 95.) 

The following are the preparations of Amyl generally known 
and employed in pharmacy and the manufacture of fruit 
flavors. 



Amyl Acetate CgHnCoHgO., I Acetate of Amyl. 

Amyl Butyrate C 5 H 11 C 4 H 7 O g ' Butyrate of Amyl. 

Amyl Chloride C 5 H n HCl Chloride of Amyl. 

Amyl Formate C 5 H 11 CHO s Formate of Amvl. 

Amyl Hydrated Oxide* CgH^HO Fusel Oil, Amyloxide. 

Amyl Iodide j CgH^I Iodide of Amyl, Iodamyl. 

Amyl Nitrate CgH-^NOg Nitrate of Amyl. 

Amyl Nitrite ; CgH^NOg Nitrite of Amyl. 

Amyl Valerianate j C 5 H 11 C 5 H 9 2 [ Valerianate of Amyl. 

Of the foregoing, the Acetate of Amyl, by the resemblance 
of its odor to the jargonelle pear, is often called Pear Oil, and 
the valerianate, by its resemblance to the odor of apples, is 
called Apple Oil. The others are variously combined to make 
fruit flavors. 

Amylene — C 5 H 10 . — This is an etherial liquid made from 
Amylic Alcohol by abstracting from it the elements of water. 
It was formerly used as a substitute for ether, but is now no 
longer employed in medicine. 



176. 



This 
Alcohol 
acid, an 

iv. h ! j. ,1 

until th 



Amyl Nitris, U. S., Br. 

Nitrite of Amyl. 
C 5 H u N0 2 . 

is a volatile liquid made by adding to purified Amylic 
in a capacious glass retort an equal volume of nitric 

-I gradually heating to near the boiling point when the 
will proceed spontaneously. The distillate is collected 

e temperature in the retort rises to ioo° C. (212 F.) 



See Ali ohol Amyli 



152 A.MYLUM. 

and then discontinued. The distillate is agitated with water 
rendered alkaline with potassa or lime, and the oily layer 
which separates upon standing is distilled, the portion coming 
over between 95 and ioo° C. being the Nitrite of Amyl. 
Other Amyl Ethers are made in a similar manner. 

Nitrite of Amyl Pearls are made by enclosing a few drops 
of Nitrite of Amyl in thin glass capsules. These are broken 
in the handkerchief when desired to be used by inhalation for 
headache or other disorders. 

Uses. — Nitrite of Amyl is used medicinally by inhalation 
for spasmodic diseases, asthma, epilepsy, etc., and for nervous 
headache. It is sometimes given in doses of ^ to 1 minim, 
much diluted. 



177. AMYLUM. 

Starch. 

C 6 H io°5- 

This substance is more familiar to the grocer than the drug- 
gist. It exists in plants, and is obtained from various grains, 
tubers, roots, etc., by separating it in various ways from the 
other substances with which it is associated. The starch 
obtained from various substances does not differ in chemical 
composition, but only in physical appearance. The U. S. P. 
directs starch obtained from the seed of common wheat ( Triti- 
cum vulgare) ; the Br. P. mentions wheat, corn or rice starch 
as official ; but in pharmaceutical practice starch from almost 
any source is used, as the druggist uses whatever is furnished 
by the manufacturers. It is prepared by manufacturers by 
grinding the grain to a fine powder, washing it with an abund- 
ance of water, allowing the starch to settle, draining off the 
water and drying. 

In the industrial arts starch is extensively employed for 
many purposes. The manufacture of grape sugar or glucose 
from starch has been developed to an important industry in 
this country. Dextrin is also a derivative of starch consider- 
ably used in manufacturing and the arts. 

In pharmacy starch is employed as a dusting for pills, sup- 



AMYLUM. 153 

positories, etc., an ingredient in toilet powders and for making 
several preparations. In medicine starch is made into demul- 
cent food for invalids and is used in the form of dust, decoc- 
tion or glycerite, externally, to allay inflammation, prevent 
chaffing, etc. Some of its compounds are used internally to 
prevent the irritation of caustic medicines. 

Varieties of Starch. — Wheat, rye, corn, rice hid potato starch 

are the varieties usually known in the market as starch. Starch 
obtained from any or all of these substances is known as 
laundry starch, but "corn starch" is put up in packages 
especially as an article of diet. 

Arrozvroot {Maranta) is a starch obtained from the rhizome 
of Maranta arundinacea. It was formerly official, but has 
now been deleted. It is used as a nutritious food for invalids. 
Much of the "arrowroot" that is sold, however, consists only 
of our common varieties of starch. Sago, a starch prepared 
from the pith of the sago palm, and Tapioca, prepared from 
the tubers of the tapioca or cassava plant, are familiar varieties 
of starch used as food. Rice and Pearl-Barley, as they are 
sold by grocers, consist mainly of starch. 

178. Amylum Iodatum, U. S. 

Iodised Starch- — Iodide of Starch. 

Starch, 95 parts, or 418 grains. 

Iodine, 5 parts, or 22 grains. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make . . . 100 parts, or about 1 oz. av. 

"Triturate the iodine with a little distilled water, add the 
starch gradually, and continue triturating until the compound 
assumes a uniform blue color approaching black. Dry it at a 
temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.), and rub it to a fine 
powder." 

There seems to be some difference of opinion as to whether 
this is a chemical or mechanical compound. 

Uses. This is given internally in doses of from two to four 
drachms, its advantage being that iodine max- be freely admin- 
istered without danger of gastric or intestinal irritation. 



154 ANILINA. 



Soluble Iodide of Starch. — A soluble Iodide of Starch 
may be made by dissolving 180 grains of iodine in 5 fl. drachms 
of ether and triturating the solution with 3 troyounces of 
starch until the ether has evaporated, then heating by water- 
bath for half an hour with occasional stirring. The starch is 
thus converted into dextrin and becomes soluble. It contains 
when completed about 4 per cent, of iodine, and may be 
made into solution or syrup, or given in powder like the above. 



179. ANILINA. 

Aniline — A nilinc Oil — Phenylamine. 

C 6 H 7 N. 

This alkaloid was first obtained from indigo by dry distilla- 
tion, and derives its name from Anil, a specie of plants from 
which indigo is obtained. It was afterward obtained from 
coal-tar, benzene and other products of coal and petroleum dis- 
tillation and is now mainly obtained from these sources. It is 
a colorless, oily, inflammable liquid, the base of the various 
well-known salts known in the market as aniline dyes. Drug- 
gists formerly had quite a sale for these aniline salts under 
various fanciful names, but since the introduction of pro- 
prietary package dyes they are but little called for, but are 
somewhat used in pharmacy for making colors and inks. The 
process for obtaining Aniline is complicated and varies con- 
siderably with the substance from which it is derived ; there- 
fore it is not repeated here. Aniline forms salts with most of 
the acids and negative elements, which give a great variety of 
beautiful colors known as "Aniline Dyes," the manufacture of 
which constitutes a great industry. Aniline and its compounds 
are not used in medicine. The following are a few of the best 
known Aniline Dyes : 

180. Red Aniline or Fuchsine, also known as Magenta, Solferino, ros- 

aniline, rosdine, rubine and by many other similar names, is made by various 
processes, which consist in oxidizing aniline oil by means of acids or other 
oxidizing agents. It is the basis of most of the other aniline dyes. 

Many modifications of the red color are produced by different combina- 
tions and processes. 



ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 155 



181. Blue Aniline is made both soluble and insoluble of various shades 
of color. The former is known as soluble or alkali blue, Nicholsons blue, 
diphenylamine blue, etc. ; the latter as Bleu de Lyons, Bleu de Nuit, blueine, 
Mulhouse blue, Aldehyde blue, triphenyl rosaniline, etc. 

182. Violet Aniline, Mauvine, Purple A?iiline, Etc. — A great variety of 
violets, ranging from bluish to redish, are produced by various combinations. 
The most familiar are Hoffman's Violets, made by acting on fuchsine with 
methel or ethyl iodide or bromide. Those having a reddish shade are marked 
Hoffman's Violet R., while those having a blue shade are known as Hoffman's 
Violet B. or BB. or BBB., etc. 

183. Green Aniline. — A variety of green shades are also made by vari- 
ously combining yellows and blues, or by acting upon fuchsine with various 
substances. They are variously known as aldehyd green, iodine green, methyl 
greeti, etc. 

184. Black Aniline, Negrosine, or Gray Aniline. — This is made by 
acting upon mauvine with strong sulphuric acid and aldehyd, and by other 
cheaper methods. All tints from light gray to black may be produced with 
this dye. It is the basis of many of the popular black inks. 

185. Yellow Aniline and Orange Aniline are mostly obtained from the 
products of fuchsine manufacture, chrysaniline, etc. 

186. Brown Anilines are made by heating fuchsine and formic acid 
together, and by other methods. 



ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 

Symbol, Sb. (Stibium); Atomic weight, 120; Sp. gr. 6,715. 

The metal Antimony occurs in nature to a small extent but 
is generally found alloyed or associated with other metals or 
combined with sulphur. The common commercial source 
being Sulphide of Antimony, Gray Antimony, or stibnite 
(Sb 2 S 3 .) This ore was called by the alchemists lupus metallo- 
ruiii, and metallic Antimony was named by them, regulus, or 
regains of Antimony. 

Metallic Antimony is a bright, silver-gray metal, very brittle, 
easily pulverized, and is one of the most important alloy- 
metals we possess. Its salts are considerably used in phar- 
macy and medicine. 



lo6 ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 



The following are the principal alloys in which Antimony 
is employed : 

187. Babbitt-Metal. — The best Babbitt anti-friction metal, which is used 
as boxes for the journals or axles of machinery, is composed of tin, 10 parts ; 
copper and antimony, each 1 part. A cheaper alloy is made by using a 
portion of lead in place of tin. 

188. Britannia-Metal. — The best Britannia-Metal is composed of tin, 81 
parts; antimony, 16 parts; copper, 2 parts; zinc, 1 part. Other grades of 
Britannia are required to be softer for various purposes, and a smaller propor- 
tion of Antimony is used. Lead is also used in cheaper grades in place of a 
portion of the tin. 

189. Pewter. — The best plate pewter is made with tin, 85 parts ; Antimony. 
8 parts ; copper, 5 parts ; bismuth, 2 parts. Cheap Pewter is made of tin and 
lead only. 

190. Type-Metal. — This is made of lead, 80 to 83 parts, and Antimony, 
17 to 20 parts. Other metals are often added, and varying proportions of lead 
and Antimony used. 

Lead 75 parts, Antimony 20 parts, tin 5 parts; or, lead 70 parts, Anti- 
mony 25 parts, tin 5 parts, are good proportions. Many type-founders use 
a small proportion of copper in the alloy. 

191. Stereotype-Metal is made of lead, 112 parts; Antimony, 18 parts; 
tin, 3 parts. 

Of the many salts and preparations of Antimony that were 
formerly used in medicine but few are now employed. 
The following are the official salts : 

192. Antimonii et Potassii Tartras. 

Tartrate of A ntimony and Potassium — Tartar Emetic, U. S. — 
Tartrated A ntimony, Br. 

2KSbOC 4 H 4 6 .H 3 0. 

This double salt is the most important medicinal prepara- 
tion of Antimony. It may be made by the old official process, 
which is as follows : 

Oxide of Antimony, in very fine powder, 2 ounces. 
Bitartrate of Potassium, in very fine 

powder, 2j^ ounces. 

Distilled Water, 18 ounces. 

To the water, heated to boiling in a glass (or porcelain) vessel, 
add the powders previously mixed and boil for an hour. 



ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 157 



Then filter the liquid while hot and set aside that crystals 
may form. Lastly, dry the crystals and keep them in a well- 
stopped bottle. 

The British process is similar, except that the powders are 
first mixed together, moistened with water to a pasty mass 
and allowed to stand twenty-four hours before boiling with the 
remainder of the water, the boiling being continued only 15 
minutes. 

This salt is found in the market generally in the form of a 
white powder, familiarly known as Tartar Emetic. It is 
soluble in about 17 parts of cold or 3 parts of boiling water. 

Uses. — Tartar Emetic is given in doses of from y 2 to 1 
grain, repeated if necessary, as an Emetic. In doses of -^ to 
y grain it is used as a diaphoretic and alterative. It is much 
prescribed and used as an ingredient in cough medicines, and 
is also employed for making irritating ointments and plasters. 
As an antidote for poisoning by overdose of this salt, some 
solution containing tannin should be given freely. Strong 
tea will do. Tannin forms with it an insoluble salt. 



193. Antimonii Oxidum. 

Oxide of Antimony. 



This is trioxide of Antimony or Antimonious Oxide. It is 
made by treating Sulphide of Antimony with hydrochloric 
acid, by the aid of heat, then adding nitric acid and water, and 
filtering, which makes a solution of Chloride of Antimony. 
The filtrate is then poured into a large quantity of water, 
which precipitates Oxychloride of Antimony. To convert this 
into the oxide it is treated with water of ammonia for two 
hours, and then washed with distilled water to remove chloride 
of ammonium. 

The British Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made by precipi- 
tating 16 fl. ounces of solution Chloride of Antimony by 
pouring it into 2 gallons (Imperial) of water, washing the 
precipitate with distilled water, then adding a solution of 6 
ounces of carbonate <>f sodium in 2 pints (Imperial) of water. 



1 58 ANTIMONIUM — ANTIAK (NY. 



leaving them in contact half an hour with frequent stirring, 
collecting the precipitate and washing with boiling distilled 
water. 

Uses. — The Oxide of Antimony is used chiefly for making 
other antimonial preparations. The only form in which it is 
administered unchanged is in antimonial powder. 



194. Antimonii Sulphidum. 

Sulpiride or Sutyhuret of Antimony. 



Native Sulphide of Antimony, purified by fusion and as 
nearly free from arsenic as possible — U. S. 

This is the commercial or crude Sulphuret of Antimony 
from which the other antimonial preparations are derived. It 
is considerably used as an ingredient of condition powders. 



195. Antimonii Sulphidum Purificatum. 

Purified Sulphide of Antimony — Black Antimony. 

This is the same as the foregoing, except that it is purified 
by dissolving out whatever arsenious sulphide is present with 
ammonia. 

Sulphide of Antimony, 16 ounces av. 

Water of Ammonia, 8}4 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Reduce the Sulphide to a very fine powder; add the water of 
ammonia, macerate for five days with frequent agitation ; then 
pour off the water of ammonia. Wash the residue thoroughly 
with several portions of water, and, finally, dry by heat. 

Uses. — Whenever sulphide of antimony is directed to be 
used in medicine, the preparation thus purified should be 
employed. It is considerably used in making horse and cattle 
powders. 



ANTIMONIUM — ANTIMONY. 159 

196. Antimonium Sulphuratum. 

SulpJinrated Antimony. 

Purified Sulphate of Antimony, . . 2 ounces av. 

Solution of Soda, 22^ fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, each a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Antimony with the solution of Soda and 4 pints of 
distilled water, and boil the mixture over a gentle fire for two 
hours, constantly stirring and adding a little distilled water 
occasionally to maintain the same volume. Strain the liquid 
then through a double muslin strainer and drop into it while 
yet hot diluted sulphuric acid so long as it produces a precipi- 
tate. Wash the precipitate with hot distilled water until all 
traces of sulphuric acid are removed, then dry, and reduce to 
a fine powder. The powder is composed of sulphide and Oxide 
of Antimony. 

Uses. — This is given as an alterative and diaphoretic in 
small • doses and an emetic in doses of from 2 to 5 grains. 
It is an ingredient of the well-known Plummer's Pills, which 
are official. 

Other Salts of Antimony. 

The foregoing are all the Salts of Antimony that are used 
to any extent, in pharmacy, but the following unofficial salts 
are sometimes employed, and are therefore mentioned : 

197. Bromide of Antimony — SbBr 3 . — Made by adding dry Antimony 
to bromine in a retort, agitating until the reaction is complete, then purifying 
by distillation and collecting the crystals. 

198. Fluoride of Antimony — SbFl 3 . — By distilling Antimony and fluo- 
ride of mercury together and collecting the white mass. 

199. Iodide of Antimony - Sbl 3 . — By combining Antimony and iodine 
and allowing them to remain in combination until the reaction is completed. 

200. Oxides of Antimony.— Besides the official oxide (trioxide) of Anti- 
mony, it forms a tetroxide, Sb 8 4 , known as antimonious acid, and ■& pent- 
ox id c Sb 8 B known as antimonic anhydride. 

201. Oxychloride of Antimony — SbOCl — Powder of Algaroth. — By 
pouring solution of Chloride of Antimony into a considerable quantity of 
water, this salt is precipitated. 



160 ANTIPYRIN. 



202. Oxysulphide of Antimony — Kermes Mineral, Golden Sulphide of 
Antimony. — By boiling one troyounce of Sulphide of Antimony for one hour 
with 1 6 pints of water and 23 troyounces carbonate of sodium, then allowing 
to stand twenty-four hours, collecting the precipitate, washing and drying. 
It is a mixture of sulphide and oxide of Antimony; was formerly official but 
is now seldom used. Uses same as Sulphurated Antimony. 

203. Pentasulphide of Antimony — Sb 3 S 5 .— By passing hydrosulphuric 
acid gas through antimonic anhydride suspended in water until the reaction 
is complete. This is similar in composition to the following: 

204. Sulphantimoniate of Antimony — Schlippes Salt. — By dissolving 
70 parts of carbonate of sodium in 250 parts of water, boiling and mixing 
with 26 parts of lime mixed with 80 parts of water ; then adding 36 parts of 
levigated Sulphide of Antimony and 7 parts of sublimed sulphur, boiling 
until the gray color disappears, filtering and crystallizing. 

205. Sulphate of Antimony — Sb 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . — By boiling Antimony with 
strong sulphuric acid, and collecting the white mass. 

206. Vitrified Antimony — Glass of Antimony. — By roasting Sulphide of 
Antimony first in a shallow vessel, and then melting it in a crucible, and 
pouring it upon an iron plate. 

Besides the foregoing, some other preparations and compounds of Antimony 
are occasionally wanted Btttter of Antimony is the Solution of Terchloride 
of Antimony (which see). Crocus of Antimony is made by fusing equal parts 
of Black Antimony and saltpetre together; Liver of Antimony by fusing 7 
parts of Black Antimony with 2 parts of dry carbonate of sodium ; Ethiops of 
Antimony by triturating 1 part of mercury with 2 parts of Black Antimony 
until the mercury is extinguished. 



207. ANTIPYRIN. 

C 30 H 18 N 4 O 2 . 

This is made by Meister, Lucius & Briining, of Hochst on 
the Rhine, after a patented process, by heating methyl-oxy- 
chinizin with an excess of phenyl-hydrazin to boiling, and 
collecting the white crystalline powder which forms. A 
similar preparation called Dr. Knorr s Antipyrine is now made 
in this country. It is used to reduce the temperature, and as. 
a general sedative in febrile conditions. The dose is from 15 
to 40 grains. 

Antifebrin is a similar proprietary compound similarly indi- 
cated and used in febrile conditions. 



AQ LLE — WATERS. 161 



AQU^ — WATERS. 

As applied to pharmacy in this country and Great Britain 
the term Agues or Waters includes only aqueous solutions of 
aromatic or volatile substances, either with or without the 
aid of some insoluble medium by which their solution may be 
facilitated. 

These waters are more commonly called " medicated waters," 
but with one or two exceptions they are hardly entitled to 
that appellation. They are used in pharmacy for making a 
few medicinal preparations, and in medicine are prescribed as 
vehicles or aromatic dilutents for more active remedies. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia includes in the waters, 
aqua ammonise and aqua chlori, which are solutions of gas 
in water; the British Pharmacopoeia includes these among 
the solutions, which is, no doubt, the more proper classification. 
In German pharmacy several preparations are classed among 
the waters that more properly belong with the solutions ; and 
in French Pharmacy, a large number of preparations are in- 
cluded in the " Eaux " which should be in entirely different 
departments. Under this heading, therefore, only those solu- 
tions of volatile substances which are naturally classed with 
the waters as understood in this country and Great Britain will 
be mentioned. 

The processes by which they are made are as follows : 

208. By Solution. 

a. Of those made with cold water, the solutions of gaseous 
ammonia and chlorine ; of chloroform, carbolic acid and crea- 
SOte ; of bitter almond oil, and tar may be mentioned. With 
the exception of the gaseous solutions, which require special 
apparatus, the remaining waters are made simply by agitating 
tin- substances occasionally for several days with cold water. 

b. Hot water dissolves the volatile oils much more readily 
than cold, and very good waters ma)- be made by thoroughly 
agitating the volatile oil directed in hot water, allowing to 



162 AQl'.V. — WATERS. 



stand for several hours, and filtering. Nearly all the waters in 
which volatile oils are used can be satisfactorily made in this 
manner. 

209. By Distillation. 

a. From fresh or dried aromatic fruit, flowers, leaves, bark, 
or other parts of plants. The substance is introduced with 
water into a still, and one half or less of the water (which is 
charged with the volatile constituents of the substances) is 
distilled over. Or steam is passed through the substances 
contained in a still, the vapor condensed, and the liquid 
separated from oily particles by Alteration. Most of the waters 
of the British Pharmacopoeia are made in this manner. 

b. From essential oils of plants, by mixing them with a 
quantity of sand or some other substance to separate the oily 
particles, then adding water and distilling over about half the 
quantity used. The proportion is generally one fl. drachm of 
essential oil, 4 ounces of sand, and one gallon of water. Distill 
4 to 6 pints. This is a very good way to make Distilled Waters. 
They generally keep better than when made from the fruit, 
flowers, leaves, etc. 

Distillation, whenever it is admissible, is to be recommended 
above all other processes for the preparation of Waters. The 
process and apparatus are further described on page 26. When 
made by distillation, the distilled waters while still warm 
should be put in small bottles, sealed, and put in a cool place. 
They will then keep for years. 



210. By Filtration or Percolation. 

a. The process formerly official for making most of the 
Waters of the United States Pharmacopoeia, was to rub 30 
minims of the essential oil with 60 grains of carbonate of 
magnesium, then with 2 pints of water, and filter. This was 
generally a very satisfactory process, but it was thought 
desirable to change the process in the 1880 revision by substi- 



AQU/E — WATERS. 163 



tuting cotton as a means of mechanically dividing the oil to 
aid in its solution. The former process is, however, very 
generally used in preference to tke latter. Other substances 
besides carbonate of magnesium, as phosphate of calcium, 
powdered pumice-stone, kaolin, precipitated chalk, etc., are 
sometimes used, but they have no advantages over it. 

b. The 1880 United States Pharmacopoeia directs many of 
the Waters to be made by adding the essential oil gradually 
to cotton, picking it thoroughly to pieces to distribute the 
oil evenly, then packing the cotton in a conical funnel, and 
percolating with water until the desired quantity is obtained. 
The cotton (which is preferably absorbent cotton) is best 
impregnated with the essential oil by the use of cards such as 
are employed Tor carding wool. Thirty minims of the oil with 
60 grains of cotton is the proper quantity to make two pints 
of water. 

The following are the Waters generally used and prescribed 
in this country. 

For Water of Ammonia, see Ammonia. 
For Chlorine Water, see Chlorine. 



211. Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. 

Bitter Almond Water. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds 15 minims. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Dissolve the oil in the water by agitation (208 a), and filter 
through a well-wetted filter. 

This is an agreeably flavored vehicle. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs this water to be made from Bitter 
Almonds 12 parts by first bruising and pressing out as much as possible of 
the fixed oil, then powdering and mixing with 80 parts of water, and 1 part of 
alcohol, and allowing to stand 12 hours. Eleven parts are then to be care- 
fully distilled off into a well cooled receiver, containing one part of alcohol. 
This is then to be assayed to determine the amount of hydrocyanic acid, and 
the distillate so diluted with a mixture of 1 part of alcohol mixed with 5 parts 
of water, that 1 part of hydrocyanic arid will be contained in 1,000 parts of 
the finished liquid. 



(U AOU.K — WATERS. 



212. Aqua Anethi, Br. 

Dill Water. 

Dill Fruit, bruised, I pound av. 

Water, 20 pounds av. 

Distill 10 pounds, (209 a.) 

This very much resembles Anise Water. It is seldom used in 
this country, but is much prescribed in Great Britain. 

213. Aqua Anisi, U. S. 

Anise Water. 

Oil of Anise, 30 minims. 

Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Make by rubbing the oil with the magnesium or picking 
with the cotton, adding the water and filtering or percolating 
as directed (210 a or b.) It may also be made by mixing 1 
fl. drachm of oil with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, 
and distilling 4 pints (209 b.) 

The British Pharmacopoeia directs : 

Anise Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 

Water, 20 pounds av. 

Distill 10 pounds, as directed (209 a.) 

Anise Water is used as a vehicle for medicines, especially for 
children. 

214. Aqua Aurantii Florum. 

Orange Flower Water. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia directs 40 parts of recent 
Orange Flowers and 200 parts of water to be mixed, and 100 
parts to be distilled. 

Orange Flower Water is seldom, if ever, made in this coun- 
try. As imported, it is known as Triple Orange Flower 
Water. By diluting with two parts of distilled water, ordinary 
Orange Flower Water is made. 

An inferior Orange Flower Water may be made by rubbing 
20 minims of Oil of Orange Flowers (Oil of Neroli) with 60 



AQU/E — WATERS. 165 



grains carbonate of magnesium, adding 2 pints of water, and 
filtering. 

A better preparation may be made by mixing 30 minims of 
Oil of Orange Flowers (Neroli) with 4 ounces of sand and 6 
pints of water, and distilling 3 pints. 

Neither of these, however, represent the true flavor of the 
water distilled from the flowers. 

Orange Flower Water is used in a few medicinal prepara- 
tions and elixirs, but chiefly in toilet preparations, etc. 

215. Aqua Camphorae. 

Camphor Water (U. S., 1880). 

Camphor, 120 grains. 

Alcohol, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Cotton, y 2 ounce. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Camphor in the alcohol ; moisten the cotton 
with the solution ; allow the alcohol to evaporate ; pack in a 
percolator, and add water until 2 pints have passed. 

The 1870 United States Pharmacopoeia directed 120 grains 
of Camphor to be rubbed with 40 minims of alcohol, then with 
240 grains of carbonate of magnesium, and then percolated 
with water until 2 pints were obtained. 

The British Pharmacopoeia directs y 2 ounce av. of Camphor 
to be crushed and enclosed in a muslin bag and kept at the 
bottom of a bottle containing 10 pounds of distilled water (by 
means of a glass rod ) for at least two days before using, and 
then pour off the solution as required for use. 

Camphor Water is used as a mild antispasmodic, in doses of 
1 .. to 1 fl. ounce, and as an addition to many medicines. 

216. Aqua Carbolisata, P. G. 

Carbolic Acid Water. 

Liquefied Carbolic Acid (29) 33 parts. 

Water 967 parts. 

Mix them. 

This was formerly official in the United States Pharmaco- 
poeia but has been deleted. 



166 AQ U Al — W AT E RS . 



217. Aqua Carui, Br. 

Caraway Water. 

Caraway Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 

Water, 20 pounds av. 

Distill 10 pounds as directed, (209 a.) 

It may also be made by mixing 1 fl. drachm of Oil of Cara- 
way Seed with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, and 
distilling 4 pints. 

This is official only in the British Pharmacopoeia. It is a 
pleasantly flavored water like Anise or Dill. 

218. Aqua Chloroformi, Br. 

Chloroform 1 1 T ater. 

Chloroform, 1 fl. drachm. 

Distilled Water, 25 fl. ounces. 

Put them in a quart bottle closely stopped and shake them 
together until the Chloroform is entirely dissolved. 

This Solution of Chloroform is used as a mild sedative in 
doses of y 2 to 2 fl. ounces. 

219. Aqua Cinnamomi. 

Cinnamon Water (U. S., 1880). 

Oil of Cinnamon, 30 minims. 

Cotton, 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Add the oil to the cotton ; pick, pack, and percolate with 
the water, (210 b.) 

The 1870 United States Pharmacopoeia directed 30 minims 
of Cinnamon Oil to be rubbed with 60 grains carbonate of 
magnesium, and then with 2 pints of distilled water, and 
filtered. The 1880 preparation is to be preferred. 

The British Pharmacopoeia directs 20 ounces av. of Cinna- 
mon Bark, bruised, to be mixed with 20 pounds of water, and 
1 gallon to be distilled, (209 a.) It may also be made by mix- 
ing 1 fl. drachm of Cinnamon Oil with 4 ounces of sand and 



AQUJE — WATERS. 167 



8 pints of water, and distilling 4 pints. This makes a superior 
Cinnamon Water. 

Cinnamon Water is used in making several preparations and 
is much prescribed as an adjuvant or dilutent for other medi- 
cines. It may be given as a mild stimulant in doses of 1 
fl. ounce. 

220. Aqua Creasoti, U. S. 

Creasotc Water. 

Creasote, 73 grains. 

Distilled Water, 1 pint. 

Mix, agitate, and filter through a well-wetted filter. This is 
very similar to carbolic acid water. 

221. Aqua Destillata. 

Distilled Water. 
Water, 1,000 parts or 15 pints. 

Distill the water from a suitable apparatus, throwing away 
the first pint and collecting the next 12 pints that are distilled 
over. Preserve in full, well-stopped bottles. 

222. Aqua Fceniculi. 

Fennel Water. 

Oil of Fennel, 15 minims. 

Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . . 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Rub the oil with the magnesium, or pick with the cotton ; 
add water, and filter or percolate as directed, (210 a or b.) 

The British and German Pharmacopoeias direct this to be 
made by distillation, as follows: 

Fennel Fruit, bruised, 1 pound av. 

Water, 20 pounds av. 

Distill 10 pounds. 

It may also be made by mixing 1 fi. drachm of Oil of Fennel 
with 4 ounces of sand and 8 pints of water, and distilling 4 
pints. 

Fennel Water is used as a pleasant vehicle and dilutent, the 
same as .Anise. 



168 AQUiE — WATERS. 



223. Aqua Gaultheriae. 

1 J r intergreen 1 Vater. 

Although this water is not known to be official in any Phar- 
macopoeia, yet it is used and prescribed by physicians quite 
generally. It may be made as follows : 

Oil of Wintergreen 30 minims. 

Phosphate of Lime, precipitated, . . .120 grains. 
Distilled Water 2 pints. 

Rub the oil with the phosphate of lime, add the water and 
filter. 

It may be made by distillation as follows : 

Wintergreen, fresh herb, 20 ounces av. 

Water, 2 gallons. 

Distill 8 pints. 

Or by mixing 1 fl. drachm Oil of Wintergreen with 4 ounces 
of sand and 1 gallon of water, and distilling 4 pints. 

224. Aqua Lauro Cerasi, Br. 

Cherry Laurel Water. 

Fresh Leaves of Cherry Laurel, . . . 1 pound av. 
Water, 3^ pints. 

Crush the leaves and macerate with water in a warm place 
for 24 hours, then distill 20 ounces. 

The Cherry Laurel is seldom found in this country, and it 
has been demonstrated, by the late Prof. Proctor, that the 
leaves of our ordinary wild cherry treated in the same way 
will produce an identical preparation. It is, therefore, advised 
to use them in making ''Cherry Laurel Water" in this 
country. 

Cherry Laurel Water may also be made by adding 15 drops 
Oil of Cherry Laurel to 2 pints of distilled water, and agitat- 
ing until dissolved. 

It is very similar to bitter almond water, which may be used 
for it. 



AQU^E — WATERS. 



225. Aqua Menthas Piperitae. 

Peppermint Water. 

Oil of Peppermint, 30 minims. 

Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Rub the oil with the magnesium or pick with the cotton ; 
add water, and filter or percolate as directed, (210 a or b.) 

The British Pharmacopoeia directs this to be made by mix- 
ing \y 2 fl. drachms of Oil of Peppermint with 15 pounds of 
water, and distilling 10 pounds. The oil should be mixed 
with 4 ounces of sand as directed, (209 b.) 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made by mixing 
1 part of cut Peppermint (herb) with water, and distilling 10 
parts. 

Peppermint Water is very much used and prescribed in 
medicine as a vehicle for other medicines, especially in flatu- 
lence and other dyspeptic troubles. 

226. Aqua Mentha Viridis. 

Spearmint Water. 

Oil of Spearmint, 30 minims. 

Carbonate of Magnesium or Cotton, . . 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, 2 pints. 

Make in the same manner as is directed for peppermint 
water, (225.) Its uses are similar. 

227. Aqua Picis, P. G. 

Tar Water. 

Tar I part. 

Pumice-stone, in fine powder 3 parts. 

The pumice-stone should be washed and dried and mixed 
with the tar. 

Then to make Tar Water: 

Take of the above mixture, 4 parts. 

Water 10 parts. 



170 AOU.E — WATERS. 

Shake together for 5 minutes, and filter. It should be 
freshly made when desired for use. Tar Water was official in 
the 1870 U. S. P. under the title Infusum Picis Liquidce. 

Tar Water, as a domestic remedy, is a well-known prepara- 
tion. It is made by putting a pint of Tar in a gallon or more 
of water and stirring occasionally. 

228. Aqua Pimentae, Br. 

Pimento Water. 

Pimento, bruised, 14 ounces av. 

Water, 20 pounds av. 

Distill 10 pounds. 

This may also be prepared by adding 30 minims Oil of 
Pimento to 60 grains of cotton ; picking, packing and percola- 
ting with 2 pints of distilled water. 

It is not as good prepared with Carb. Magnesium, as the oil 
has an acid reaction. 

229. Aqua Rosae. 

Rose Water. 

Recent Pale Rose (petals), 2 parts. 

Water, 10 parts. 

Distill by means of steam, 5 parts. 

The same proportions may be used, and the distillation per- 
formed by the ordinary still. 

The British Pharmacopceia directs 10 pounds of fresh 
hundred-leaved rose petals to be mixed with 50 pounds of 
water, and 10 pounds distilled. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs 4 drops of Oil of Rose 
to be shaken with 1,000 grammes (about 2 pints) of tepid 
water for some time, and then filtered. 

Rose Water, to be fine, should be redistilled. It cannot be 
profitably distilled in this country, as our roses lack the 
fragrance of the European varieties. 

Triple Rose Water may be bought of the importing drug- 
gists, and reduced with one or two parts of distilled water. It 
is then much better and cheaper than any of domestic produc- 
tion. 



AQU.E — WATERS. 171 

A fair quality of Rose Water may be made by adding 10 
drops of Otto (Oil) of Rose to 30 grains of cotton, picking, 
packing and percolating with 2 pints of hot distilled water. 

It may also be made by mixing 20 minims of Otto of Rose 
with 4 ounces of sand and one gallon of water, and distilling 
4 pints. 

The imported Rose Water is, however, superior to any home 
production. 

Rose Water is used in several official preparations, and is 
much prescribed as a solvent for various substances used as 
lotions, etc. ; it is also a favorite article for the toilet, either 
alone or mixed with other substances. 



230. Aqua Sambuci, Br. 

Elder Floiver Water. 

Fresh Elder Flowers, 10 pounds av. 

Water, 50 pounds. 

Distill 10 pounds. 

This is used as a pleasant flavored water for medicinal 
lotions, etc. 

Other Medicinal Waters. 

Besides the foregoing waters, which are mostly official in 
either the United States, British, or German Pharmacopoeias, 
others are frequently required, but they are all made in the 
same general manner as those herein given. Of those made 
from fruit or seeds, angelica, coriander, juniper, parsley, etc., 
may be made in the same manner as dill or fennel water; of 
those made from flowers or herbs, balm, borage, chamomile, 
hyssop, lavender, lettuce, lily, melilot, myrtle, origanum, 
peach, pennyroyal, rosemary, sage, thyme, violet, wormwood, 
etc., may be made in the same manner as cherry laurel or elder 
flower water; of those made from barks, and oilier substances, 
lemon, orange, lime, sassafras, valerian, vanilla, and others, 
may be made by distillation in the same manner as is directed 
for making cinnamon water. 



172 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 

ARGENTUM — SILVER. 

Symbol, Ag. Atomic weight 108. Sp. gr. (fused) 10.4. 

Silver is a well-known elementary metal extensively used in 
the arts and employed as the money currency of many coun- 
tries. It is obtained mostly from its ores, from which it is 
separated by various means, but is sometimes found in small 
quantities, as metallic silver. Its uses in the arts and com- 
merce of the world are too well-known and general to require 
mention. 

In pharmacy it is used in the metallic state only in the form 
of silver leaf (Argent 'it in Foliatum) for coating pills, cachous, 
etc.; but its salts — particularly the nitrate of silver — are 
much employed for making various preparations, and are 
somewhat used in medicine. 

Solutions of its salts are precipitated by chlorine compounds 
forming a curdy white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid but 
soluble in water of ammonia. This forms a very delicate and 
characteristic test for silver. 

The following are the U. S. official preparations of silver: 

231. Argentum Purificatum. 

Refined Silver. 
The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, under this heading 
describes pure metallic Silver. It may be made by dissolving 
Coin Silver in nitric acid and water, adding hydrochloric acid, 
which precipitates chloride of silver, leaving the copper alloy in 
solution ; the liquid is poured off, the precipitate washed and 
melted, with carbonate of sodium, in a crucible. The melted 
metal is then poured off and consists of pure silver. 

232. Argenti Cyanidum. 

Cyanide of Silver. 

AgCN. 

Tin's salt is made by generating hydrocyanic gas in a retort 

by adding sulphuric acid to a solution of ferrocyanide of 

potassium, distilling and conducting the vapor into a glass 



ARGENTUM — SILVER. 173 



receiver containing a solution of Nitrate of Silver, from which 
Cyanide of Silver is precipitated. 

It is used in pharmacy for the extemporaneous preparation 
of diluted hydrocyanic acid, which see, page 61. 

233. Argenti Iodidum. 

Iodide of Silver. 
Agl. 
This may be made by precipitating a solution of Nitrate of 
Silver with a solution of iodide of potassium. 

It is sometimes given in doses of ^ to 2 grains for syphilis. 

234. Argenti Nitras. 

Nitrate of Silver. 

AgN0 3 . 

Nitrate of Silver is the working base of all the silver salts, 

and is the only silver salt that is employed to any extent in 

pharmacy or medicine. It is also extensively employed in 

photography. 

A process for making it was formerly official but has been 
omitted in the 1880 United States Pharmacopoeia. 

The British Pharmacopoeia, 1885, directs it to be made as 
follows : 

Refined Silver (231), 3 ounces av. 

Nitric Acid, 2^ fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water 5 ounces av. 

Add the nitric acid and the water to the Silver in a flask, and 
apply a gentle heat till the metal is dissolved. Decant the 
clear liquid from any black powder which may be present, into 
a porcelain dish, evaporate and set aside to crystallize; pour 
off the liquor and again evaporate and crystallize. The 
crystals may be drained in a glass funnel. 

Uses. — Crystallized Nitrate of Silver is used for making all 
the other Salts of Silver, and is largely employed in photo- 
graph}-, silver-plating and other arts and industries. In 
pharmacy it is used for making hair dye, indelible ink, test 



174 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 



solutions, etc., and in medicine is used in solution to remove 
morbid growths, and as a caustic and escharotic, and internally 
in gastritis, diarrhcea, and other derangements of the digestive 
tract, in doses of ^ to ^ grain usually in the form of pills. 

235. Argenti Nitras Dilutus. 

Diluted Nitrate of Silver, U. S. — Nitrate of Silver and 
Potassium, Br., G. P. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia directs 

Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 

To be fused together in a porcelain capsule at as low a 
temperature as possible, thoroughly mixed and cast into 
suitable moulds. 

The British and German Pharmacopoeias direct 

Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 2 ounces. 

To be fused together in the same manner ; therefore, the 
United States preparation is one-half and the British and 
German preparations one-third Nitrate of Silver. This was 
formerly called Argenti Nitras Mitigatus or Mitigated Nitrate 
of Silver. It is cast in the form of cylindrical sticks and also 
in the form of small cones. 

Uses. — This is now much used as a caustic and escharotic 
for external and internal application, as it is milder and just as 
efficient as the pure lunar caustic. 

236. Argenti Nitras Fusus. 

Moulded Nitrate of Silver. — Fused Nitrate of Silver. — 'Lapis 
Inf emails. — Lunar Caustic. 

This is simply crystallized Nitrate of Silver, fused and cast 
into sticks or points for convenient use. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia directs it to be made as 
follows : 

Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 16 minims. 



ARGENTUM — SILVER. 175 



Melt the Nitrate of Silver in a porcelain capsule at as low a 
heat as possible, and add to it gradually the hydrochloric 
acid, stir well, and when nitrous vapors cease to be evolved 
pour into suitable moulds. The object of adding the hydro- 
chloric acid is to toughen the moulded sticks, as the fused 
nitrate alone is very brittle. 

The British Pharmacopoeia suggests, " To form Toughened 
Nitrate of Silver ox Toughened Caustic add 5 parts of nitrate 
of Potassium to 95 parts of the Nitrate of Silver before 
fusion." 

Uses. — This is used as an escharotic, but is not so much 
employed as formerly, the diluted Nitrate of Silver being used 
instead. It is a favorite popular application for warts and 
other excrescences. 



237. Argenti Oxidum, 

Oxide of Silver. 

Ag 2 0. 

The present United States Pharmacopoeia does not give a 
process for making this salt. 

The 1885 British Pharmacopoeia directs as follows: 

Nitrate of Silver, in crystals, ... ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Solution of Lime (Lime Water), . 6y fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, . 10 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 4 ounces of the distilled 
water, and having poured the solution into a bottle containing 
the solution of lime, shake the mixture well and set it aside 
to allow the deposit to settle. Draw off the liquid, collect the 
precipitate on a filter, wash with the remainder of the distilled 
water, and dry at a moderate temperature. 

Uses. — The Oxide of Silver is somewhat used as a substi- 
tute for Nitrate of Silver, being much less caustic, and, there- 
fore, better suited for internal administration. It may be 
made into pills Or mixed with other powders and given in 
capsules. Care must be taken in dispensing this salt not to 



176 ARGENTUM — SILVER. 

triturate it with readily oxidizable substances nor ammonia, 
as it forms explosive compounds. 

The photographic art and the use of indelible ink and hair 
dyes depend upon the conversion of the Nitrate of Silver into 
Oxide of Silver, which is insoluble. 



Other Salts of Silver. 

The foregoing official Salts of Silver are all that are used 
to any extent in pharmacy or medicine. The following are, 
however, sometimes required : 

238. Acetate of Silver — AgC,H 3 2 . — Made by decomposing a solu- 
tion of Nitrate of Silver by adding it to a solution of acetate of sodium, col- 
lecting the precipitate, washing and drying. 

239. Bromide of Silver — AgBr. — By decomposing a solution of Nitrate 
of Silver, by adding it to a solution of bromide of potassium, collecting the 
precipitate, washing and drying. 

240. Chloride of Silver — AgCl. — By adding to a solution of Nitrate of 
Silver hydrochloric acid or common salt as long as a precipitate is formed, 
then collecting, washing and drying the precipitate. This is freely obtained 
by precipitating the washings of photograph plates with common salt. 

241. Chromate of Silver — Ag 2 Cr0 4 . — By adding a neutral solution of 
chromate of potassium to a solution of Nitrate of Silver, collecting, washing 
and drying the precipitate. 

242. Oxalate of Silver — AgX._,0 4 .— By adding a solution of oxalic acid 
to a solution of Nitrate of Silver, collecting, washing, and drying the 
precipitate. 

243. Phosphate of Silver — Ag ;j P0 4 . — By decomposing a solution of 
Nitrate of Silver by adding to it a solution of phosphate of sodium, collecting 
the precipitate, washing, and drying. 

244. Sulphate of Silver— Ag,S0 4 — By decomposing a solution of Nitrate 
of Silver by adding to it a solution of sulphate of sodium, collecting the 
precipitate, washing and drying. 

Many other Salts of Silver exist in nature in the form of ores, as Sulphide 
of Silver, Carbonate of Silver, etc., or may be made in the laboratory by 
combining it with various acids, but those already mentioned are all that are 
of interest to pharmacy. 



ARSENICUM — ARSENIC. 177 



ARSENICUM — ARSENIC. 

Symbol, As: Atomic weight, 75 ; Sp. gr. 5.73 to 5.88. 

Arsenicum, more commonly called Arsenic, is a brittle, gray- 
colored metallic element very much resembling antimony in 
its general appearance and characteristics. It is found in 
nature as a free metal, but much more abundantly in ores, or 
combined with other metals as an alloy, or in the form of salts, 
its sulphides being most common. With oxygen it forms 
Arsenious Oxide As 2 0, and Arsenic Oxide As 2 O s . With 
sulphur it forms a disulphide known as realgar ox ruby sulphur, 
As 2 S 2 ; a trisulphide known as orpiment or yellow sulphide, 
As 2 S 3 ; and a pentasulphide, As 2 S g . With hydrogen and 
oxygen it forms true Arsenious Acid, H 3 As0 3 , and Arsenic 
Acid, H 3 As0 4 ; the former combines with some bases to form 
salts known as Arsenites, and the latter forms Arseniates. 

The oxides and sulphides of Arsenic are considerably used 
in the arts, and somewhat, though not so much as formerly, 
employed in pharmacy and medicine. 

The following Arsenical compounds are official in the 
United States : 



245. Acidum Arseniosum. 

Arsenic — Arsenious Acid or Oxide — White Arsenic — Arsenious 
A nhydride — Ratsbane. 



This is the common Arsenic of commerce. It is prepared 
by roasting Arsenical ores in suitable furnaces, collecting the 
vapor and resubliming. As will be noticed by-its formula it is 
not a true acid, but an anhydride or oxide. 

Uses. In pharmacy, Arsenic Is extensively put up and sold 
as a rat poison, and its solution with alkalies is used to saturate 
paper sold as fly-paper; it is also used for making most of the 
medicinal preparations of Arsenic. In medicine it is employed 
as an alterative in doses of .}., to J„ grain, and used with 



178 ARSENICUM— ARSENIC. 



other substances as a caustic application to cancers and 
fungus growths. 

Antidote.— The most effectual antidote to arsenical poison- 
ing is freshly prepared ferric hydrate, with which it forms 
insoluble ferrous arseniate. 

246. Arsenii Iodidum. 

Iodide of Arsenic, U. S.— Iodide of Arsenicum, Br. 
Asl 3 . 

This compound is made by directly combining 1 part of 
Metallic Arsenic in fine powder with 5 parts of Iodine, then 
warming the mixture in a flask until liquefied, and pouring 
upon a marble slab to cool. 

Uses.— Iodide of Arsenic is chiefly used in pharmacy for 
preparing Donovan's solution ; in medicine it is given as an 
alterative in doses of -+■ grain, and sometimes used in 
ointments. 

247. Sodii Arsenias. 

Arseniate of Sodium. 
Na 2 HAs0 4 7H 2 0. 
The following process for making this salt was formerly 
official : 

Arsenious Acid, in fine powder, .... 960 grains. 
Sodium Nitrate, in fine powder, .... 816 grains. 
Sodium Carbonate, dried, and in fine powder, 528 grains. 

Distilled Water, boiling hot, 8 flounces. 

Having mixed the powders thoroughly put the mixture into 
a large clay crucible and cover it with the lid. Expose it to 
a full red heat until effervescense has ceased and complete 
fusion has taken place. Pour the fused salt on a porcelain 
si;!!, and .1. soon as it has solidified, and while still warm, put 
it into the boiling water and stir until it is dissolved. Filter 
Ihc solution and set it aside to crystallize, etc. 

Uses.— The properties of this salt are the same as arsenious 
acid; the dose is from -, 1 ., to \ of a grain. 



AURUM — GOLD. 179 



Other Salts of Arsenic. 

The foregoing are the Salts of Arsenic mainly used in 
pharmacy and medicine, but the following are sometimes 
employed : 

248. Bisulphide of Arsenic or Realgar — As 3 S 2 . — Made by fusing 
together 5 parts of Arsenious Acid and 3 parts of sulphur. 

249. Bromide of Arsenic — AsBr 3 . — By dusting Arsenic in powder in a 
retort filled with bromine vapor, and distilling. 

250. Chloride of Arsenic — As Cl 3 . — By acting upon metallic Arsenic 
with chlorine gas. 

251. Trisulphide of Arsenic or Orpiment. — As 2 S 3 — By fusing 5 parts of 
Arsenious Acid with 5 parts of sulphur. 



AURUM — GOLD. 

Symbol, Au ; Atomic weight, 196; Sp. gr. average 19.3. 

Gold is the most valuable of the metallic elements. It is 
used as the standard money bases of all countries, and on 
account of its value, malleability, ductility, and permanence 
of color is extensively used for ornamentation and for making 
useful and valuable articles. It is obtained mainly as a free 
metal or alloyed with other metals. 

Metallic Gold is used in pharmacy only in the form of gold 
leaf, for coating pills, cachous, etc. The only Salt of Gold 
which is used to any extent in pharmacy or medicine is the 
Chloride of Gold and sodium, which is official in the United 
States and German Pharmacopoeias. 

252. Auri et Sodii Chloridum. 

Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 

A mixture composed of equal parts of dry Chloride of Gold 
(AuCl 2 ) and chloride of sodium 1 NaCl.). — U. S. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs 65 parts of pure Gold to 
be dissolved by gentle heat in a mixture of 65 parts of nitric 
acid and 240 parts of hydrochloric acid; the solution is then 



180 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 



em 



to be diluted with 200 parts of water and 100 parts of pure 
dry chloride of sodium dissolved in the mixture, which is then 
to be evaporated to dryness by means of a water-bath, with 
constant stirring. 

Uses.— This salt is considerably used in photography for 
"toning" prints, and for electroplating. In medicine it is 
given as an alterative in doses of fa to % grain. 



Other Salts of Gold. 

The following Salts of Gold are sometimes directed or 
ployed in pharmacy and medicine. 

253. Bromide of Gold— AuBr 3 .— Made by dissolving gold in a mixture 
of nitric and hydrobromic acids, concentrating and crystallizing. 

254. Chloride of Gold— AuCl 3 .— By dissolving Gold 1 part in nitro- 
hydrochloric acid 8 parts, concentrating and crystallizing. This salt is a 
Trichloride of Gold. It is used in photography, etc., the official Chloride of 
Gold and sodium is made by mixing equal parts of this with dry chloride 
of sodium. Monochloride of Gold— AuCl — may be made by heating the 
trichloride to about 440 F. until fumes of chlorine cease to be evolved. 

255. Cyanide of Gold— AuCy 3 .— By adding a solution of Cyanide of 
potassium to a solution of Chloride of Gold as long as a precipitate is formed, 
washing and drying the precipitate. 

256. Iodide of Gold— Aul 3 .— By gradually adding a solution of Chloride 
of Gold to a solution of iodide of potassium, and drying the precipitate. 
Used as an alterative ; dose about T V grain. 

257. Oxides of Gold.— Gold forms with alkaline bases a monoxide Au 3 0, 
and a trioxide Au 2 3 . Sometimes it is given as an alterative in doses of 

tV to X A g rain - 

258. Sulphide of Gold— Au 2 S 3 .— By passing a current of sulphuretted 
hydrogen through a solution of Chloride of Gold in water, collecting and 
washing the precipitate. 



BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 

Balsams or Balms (Fr. Baumes), as they are known in phar- 
macy, embrace a variety of natural and prepared substances 
supposed to possess healing or soothing virtues. As popularly 
known, they include not only the natural Balsams obtained 
from balsam-bearing trees, but a variety of preparations rang- 



BALSAMS. 181 



ing in consistence from tinctures to ointments, which have 
derived the name of " Balsam " from properties claimed for 
them by their originators. In this article we shall include only 
the Balsams proper, and those prepared, which have by long 
usage become most familiar as " Balsams," in a pharmaceutical 
sense. Other Balsams will be found under other headings, 
where they more properly belong, as Friar s Balsam (see Com- 
pound Tincture of Benzoin), Turlington s Balsam (see Proprie- 
tary Medicines), Cough Balsam (see Standard Remedies), etc. 

In French Pharmacy a great number of preparations are 
classed with Balsams which properly belong elsewhere. 

True Natural Balsams. 

The True Natural Balsams may be defined as oleo-resinous 
substances, either semi-liquid, or semi-solid, or solid, obtained 
from plants, and containing benzoic, cinnamic, or some anal- 
agous acids. 

Only seven substances are thus classed, and some of these 
are not known commercially as Balsams. They are as follows : 

259. Balsam of Calaba — Tacamahaca. — This is obtained from the 
trunk, branches and leaves of Calophyllum Calaba, or Santa Maria tree. It 
is a liquid, at first white, but soon becomes olive-green, and is sometimes 
called Green Balsam. A similar Balsam is obtained from chloroxylon verti- 
cillatum of Peru, which is popularly called Green Balsam (of Peru). They 
contain benzoic acid. 

260. Balsam of Peru. — A liquid balsam, obtained from Myroxylon 
Pereira, containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, and some other allied 
compounds. A solid or semi-solid variety is also imported, but not fre- 
quently kept by druggists. 

Uses. — Balsam of Peru is used as a stimulant to the mucous membrane, 
and in stimulating ointments, etc. Also as a preservative for fats. 

As found in the market, it is frequently adulterated with or entirely 
fabricated from other substances. 

261. Balsam of Tolu.— A Balsam obtained from Myroxylon Toluifera, 
containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, volatile oils, called benzyl benzoaie, 
C 7 H 5 (C 7 H 7 )Oj;, and benzyl cinnamate, Q v W~S£^-l)0», a terpene named 
Tolene, C 10 H, „, and resins. It is a semi-liquid, as first obtained from the 
trees, but concretes into a solid resinous mass by standing. 

Uses.— It is much used in cough remedies as an agreeable aromatic, and 
in the form of tincture and syrup is frequently prescribed. 



182 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 



262. Benzoin, or Benjamin. — A solid Balsamic resin, obtained from 
Styrax Benzoin, containing benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, a fragrant volatile 
oil and resins. Vanillin is also found in some varieties. 

Uses.— In pharmacy it is used as a preservative for fats and in making 
several preparations, and in medicine as an aromatic stimulant and expecto- 
rant. The dose is 10 to 15 grains. 

Benzoyl — C 7 H 5 0. — This is the radical of an extensive series of aromatic 
compounds which are derived directly or indirectly from Benzoin. 

Benzoic Acid, HC-H-O a , is obtained from benzoin and other balsams by 
sublimation, but is now mostly made artificially from coal-tar hydro-carbons. 
It forms with bases a class of salts called Benzoates, now considerably used 
in kidney diseases. It is stimulant, expectorant and antiseptic ; the usual 
dose being from 5 to 10 grains in mucilage or syrup. 

263. China Varnish Balsam. — An aromatic, varnish-like exudation, ob- 
tained from Augia Sinensis, containing benzoic acid and other similar com- 
pounds. It is used by the Chinese for preparing the varnish or lacquer so 
celebrated in that country. 

264. Styrax or Storax. — A Balsam prepared from the inner bark of 
Liquidambar Orientalis, containing cinnamic and benzoic acids, Styracin, 
C 9 H 7 (C 9 H 9 )0 2 , Storecin C 36 H5 8 3 , Ethyl Cinnamate C 9 H 7 (C 2 H 5 )0 2 , 
Phenyl-propyl Cinnamate C 9 H 7 (C 9 H l7 )0 2 , Styrol C 8 H 8 , resins, etc. 

It is a semi-liquid grayish-green Balsam, used in pharmacy in making com- 
pound tincture of benzoin, and as a preservative for fats, etc. Also used in 
perfumery. 

265. Liquidambar, or Sweet Gum. — A balsamic exudation from Liquid- 
ambar Styracifiua. The constituents and properties of this Balsam seem 
to be identical with Storax, but it differs from it in being, as found in the 
market, a resinous gum instead of a liquid. 

Other Natural " Balsams." 

The following natural exudates are commercially known as 
Balsams, but pharmaceutical^ are classed with oleo-resins, 
turpentines, resins, etc., under which headings they will be 
more fully noticed. 

Balsam Copaiba, Copaiba Balsam or Copaiba. 

Balsam of Fir, Canada Balsam or Canada Turpentine. 

Gurjun Balsam, or Wood Oil. 

Hungarian Balsam. 

Japan Varnish Balsam or Japan Lacquer, 

Balsam of Mecca or Balm of Gilead. 

Balsam Rackasira. 

Balsam of Riga or Carpathina Balsam. 

Turpentine Balsam, Turpentine Gum, or Gum Thus. 



BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 183 

Factitious Balsams. 

It is customary with dealers, for some purposes, to sup- 
ply imitations of several of the more expensive Balsams. 
The practice is not to be commended, but the formulae for 
these fabrications may be interesting to our readers. 

266. Factitious Canada Balsam. 

White Resin, 4 pounds av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 1 gallon. 

Linseed Oil 8 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Lemon, 30 minins. 

Oil of Rosemary 20 minims. 

Dissolve the resin in the oil of turpentine and add the other oils. 

267. Factitious Balsam Copaiba. 

Benzoin, powdered, 4 ounces av. 

White Resin, 3 pounds av. 

Canada Balsam 2 pounds av. 

Castor Oil, 1 gallon. 

Oil of Juniper, 2 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Savin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Orange, 30 minims. 

Oil of Lemon, 30 minims. 

Melt the resin, add the benzoin and part of the Castor Oil, and mix well 
together ; then add the remainder of the Castor Oil and the Canada Balsam, 
and when nearly cool the remaining oils. Let settle and strain. 

Diluted or Reduced Balsam Copaiba. — Balsam Copaiba is often sold 
diluted with Castor Oil or Canada Balsam, or other similar substances. .Such 
practice should be discountenanced, but the diluted article is, perhaps, better 
than the factitious. 

268. Factitious Balsam of Mecca or Balm of Gilead. 

The true Mecca Balsam or Balm of Gilead is an oleo-resin, obtained from 
the Balm-of-Gilead tree of the East, but the factitious Balsam is much more 
frequently sold and used. It may be made as follows : 

Benzoin, coarsely powdered 4 ounces. 

Liquid Storax 3 ounces. 

Balsam Tolu 2 ounces. 

Canada Balsam, 30 ounces. 

Mix together in a closed vessel and heat by water-bath with frequent agita- 
ion until the substances are well incorporated. When cold pour off the clear 



184 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 

portion from the sediment and add 10 minims each oils of Lemon, Cassia, 
Nutmeg, Rosemary and Vanilla, 

269. Factitious Balsam of Peru. 

Benzoin, in coarse powder 12 ounces. 

Balsam Tolu 4 ounces. 

Liquid Storax, Vz ounce. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the Balsams with 2 pints of Alcohol and macerate by the heat of a water- 
bath until the Balsams are dissolved as much as possible ; strain the liquid 
while hot, and add sufficient Alcohol to the strained liquid to make 2 pints. 

Diluted or Reduced Balsam of Peru.— This may be made by taking 
Balsam of Peru 3 parts, Balsam of Tolu 2 parts, and Alcohol enough to 
make a liquid of the proper consistence (about 2^ parts). 

270. Factitious Balsam of Tolu. 

Balsam of Tolu is frequently adulterated with resin or other similar sub- 
stance, but is seldom made up entirely from foreign substances. An old 
formula for making Factitious Balsam of Tolu is as follows : 

Orange Shellac and White Sugar equal parts, Alcohol sufficient to soften 
the Shellac, Tincture of Benzoin, Oil of Cassia, Oil of Nutmeg, and Tincture 
of Vanilla sufficient to flavor ; warm and work them well together. 

Balsamic Compounds. 

The following compounds are those which may properly be 
classed as Balsamic compounds pharmaceutically. They do 
not include the ointments that are popularly known as " Bal- 
sams," nor the proprietary preparations called "Balsams," nor 
such tinctures or other preparations known as " Balsams," that 
more properly come under other headings. 

271. Balsam of Honey. 

{Pectoral Balsam?) 

Balsam of Tolu, 1 ounce av. 

Honey, strained, 2 x / 2 ounces av. 

Opium, in powder, 60 grains. 

Turmeric, in powder, 30 grains. 

Alcohol, 9 fl. ounces. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Mix, macerate for one week and filter. Used for coughs, 
hoarseness, etc. Dose, 20 to 40 drops. 



JALSAMA — BALSAMS. 185 



272. Balsam of Guaiacum. 

Guaiac Resin, 8 ounces av. 

Balsam of Peru, 90 minims. 

Alcohol, 9 fl. ounces. 

Water, I fl.ounce. 

Mix, macerate for one week and strain. An old remedy for 
rheumatism, ague, etc. Dose, 20 to 60 drops. 

273. Green Balsam. 

{Balsam Viride.) 
Besides the natural Green Balsams previously mentioned, 
the following is sometimes used : 

Linseed Oil, 12 ounces av. 

Gum Elemi, 2 ounces av. 

Verdigris, in powder, 3 drachms. 

Heat the Oil and the Gum together, add the Verdigris, and 
after standing a few days pour off the liquid. Used externally 
as a stimulating application to indolent sores. 

274. Goulard's Balsam. 

Balsam Saturnine. 
Acetate of Lead, dry, in powder, . . 2 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine, I pint. 

Heat the Oil, and triturate the powder with it in a hot mor- 
tar until cool, then pour off the clear portion. Used exter- 
nally for sores, ulcers, etc. 

275. Balsam of Metz. 

Aloes, in fine powder, 120 grains. 

Verdigris, " 180 grains. 

Sulphate of Zinc," 90 grains. 

Turpentine (Gum Thus), 2 tr.ounces. 

Oil of Juniper, 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Cloves, 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Laurel Berries, 1 fl.ounce. 

Olive Oil, ^y z fl. ounces. 

Linseed ( )il 41/ fl. ounces. 



L86 BALSAMA — BALSAMS. 

Melt the Turpentine, add the oils, except the Juniper and 
Cloves, stir in the powder, put in a bottle, and when cool add 
the oil previously omitted, and shake well. This is used as a 
dressing for ulcers, sores, etc. 

276. Balsam of Sulphur. 

[Sulphurated Oil.) 
This preparation is known pharmaceutical^ as Sulphuratum 
Oleum or Sulphurated Oil, but is more commonly known and 
called for as Balsam of Sulphur. It is made as follows: 

Sulphur, sublimed 3^ ounces. 

Linseed Oil 21 ounces. 

Put the Oil in a capacious iron kettle, add the Sulphur, and 
boil gently, with continual stirring, until the Sulphur is entirely 
dissolved and a uniform liquid is obtained. 

This is used externally, and, in combination with other sub- 
stances, is often prescribed for internal use. 

277. Balsam of Turpentine. 

Common Resin, 1 pound av. 

Oil of Turpentine, I pint. 

Melt the Resin, remove from the fire, and while cooling add 
the Oil of Turpentine. This is sometimes sold as Peckham's 
Balsam (see Proprietary Medicines). 

278. Universal Balsam or Balm. 

Benzoin, in powder 6 ounces. 

Balsam of Tolu 3 ounces. 

Storax, ... 2 ounces. 

Olibanum (Frankincense), 2 ounces. 

Myrrh, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Socotrine Aloes, in powder, 3 ounces. 

Alcohol, 1 gallon. 

Mix them well together, and keep in a warm place for sev- 
eral weeks, or heat gently in a closed vessel by a water-bath 
until the gums are dissolved, then strain or filter. 

This is given internally in doses of 20 to 40 drops on sugar, 



187 



or is used externally for cuts or wounds. It is similar to com- 
pound Tincture of Benzoin. 



BARIUM. 

Symbol, Ba ; Atomic weight, 137; Sp. gr., 4.70. 

Barium is a metallic element closely related to calcium and 
magnesium. It is not found uncombined in nature but may 
be obtained from its oxide baryta by heating it in an iron 
tube through which the vaper of potassium is conveyed. 
The reduced Barium is then extracted from the mixed 
residuum in the tube by treating with mercury, and the 
mercury is afterward driven off by distillation in a vapor of 
mineral naphtha. 

The metal was first isolated by Sir H. Davy, in 1808. It is 
of a greenish silver-white lustre, malleable, decomposes water 
and gradually oxidizes in the air, forming baryta or barytes, BaO. 

Salts of Barium. 

No Salts of Barium are official, but the chloride and nitrate 
are used for making test solutions. In the industrial arts 
several of the Salts of Barium are extensively employed. 
Salts are formed with nearly all the acids, and negative ele- 
ments. The following are the most important : 

279. Barium Acetate — Ba(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . — Made by neutralizing acetic 
acid with carbonate of barium evaporating and crystallizing. 

280. Barium Arseniate — Ba s (As0 2 ) 2 . — By precipitating a solution of 
arseniate of potassium with a solution of Chloride of Barium. Given in skin 
diseases, in doses of -fc to % grain. 

281. Barium Benzoate — Ba(C 7 H 5 2 ) 2 + 2H 2 0. — By neutralizing a 
solution of benzoic acid with Carbonate of Barium, evaporating and 
crystallizing. 

282. Barium Bromide — BaBr 2 2H 2 0. — By saturating a solution of 
caustic baryta with hydrobromic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 

283. Barium Carbonate — BaC0 3 . — This is found abundantly in 
Nature, the native carbonate being called Withcrite. This is sufficiently 
pure for industrial and commercial purposes. It is used as the manufactur- 
ing basis of most of the Barium Salts. It is very poisonous. May be 
employed as a rat poison or for other similar purposes. It is also used in 



188 BARIUM. 

face powders and liquid cosmetics, and is considerably used in place of car- 
bonate of lead to adulterate paint. 

284. Barium Cloride — BaCl 2 2H 2 0. — By dissolving Carbonate of Barium 
in hydrochloric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. Used for making test 
solution (see solutions), and in medicine as an alterative, in doses of % to 
y z grain, also externally in solution. 

285. Barium Chromate — BaCr0 4 . — By adding baryta water (solution 
of Caustic Barium) to a solution of chromate of potassium, washing and 
drying the precipitate. 

286. Barium Hydrate — Ba(HO) 2 . — By digesting caustic baryta (Barium 
Oxide ) with a little water, the elements of water are assimilated, yielding 
Hydrate of Barium, or it may be crystallized from baryta water by evapora- 
tion. Baryta Water is made by dissolving the hydrate thus formed in water 
to saturation. 

287. Barium Iodide — Ba 3 I. — By adding iodine gradually, in excess, to a 
solution of Sulphate of Barium. When the reaction is finished filter the 
solution, evaporate and crystallize. 

288. Barium Nitrate — Ba(N0 3 ) 2 . — By decomposing a solution of 
nitrate of sodium with a solution of Chloride of Barium, collecting the 
precipitate, washing and drying. This is used for making a test solution. 
(See solutions.) 

289. Barium Oxalate — BaC 2 4 . — By precipitating a solution of Oxide 
of Barium with a solution of oxalic acid, collecting, washing, and drying. 

290. Barium Oxide — Baryta, Barytes, Caustic Baryta — BaO. — This is 
a very caustic, corrosive, alkaline substance, which may be made by calcining 
some of the Salts of Barium, or decomposing Solution of Sulphide of 
Barium by oxide of zinc. Peroxide of Barium Ba0 2 is prepared by 
passing a stream of oxygen or air through a tube, containing baryta heated 
to dull redness. By treating with diluted hydrochloric acid it yields solution 
of peroxide of hydrogen (H 2 2 ). 

291. Barium Sulphate — BaS0 4 . — This is found native or may be pre- 
pared by decomposing a solution of Chloride of Barium with sulphuric acid, 
collecting the precipitate, washing, and drying. 

Sulphide of Bar item — BaS — and Sulphite of Barium BaS0 3 , are other 
compounds of sulphur and oxygen with Barium sometimes used. 

Some of the Barium Salts are used in combination with 
chlorides for making colored fires of a greenish color, or giving 
a greenish color to flame. 

Antidotes. — For poisoning by soluble Salts of Barium any 
of the soluble sulphates in solution may be given, as Epsom 
or Glauber's salt, alum, etc. They form insoluble Sulphate 
of Barium. 



BENZINUM. BENZOLUM. 189 



292. BENZINUM — BENZIN, U. S. 

Petroleum Benzin, Petroleicm Ether. 

"A purified distillate from American Petroleum, consisting 
of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series (C 5 H 1S ; 
C 6 H 14 and homologous compounds), having a sp. gr. from 
0.670 to 0.675, and boiling at 50 to 6o° C. (122 to 140° F.)" 
It is soluble in 6 parts of Alcohol. 

The preparation thus described in the U. S. P. is obtained 
by fractional distillation from Petroleum, and is known in the 
market as "Naphtha." It is intermediate between gasoline 
and benzine, and consists mainly of the hydrocarbons pentane 
and hcxaue. Gasoline, which is of less sp. gr., is frequently 
used in place of it for pharmaceutical purposes. It is quite 
different from the benzene obtained from coal-tar, which is 
more commonly known as benzol. 

It is a powerful solvent of fixed oils, resins, caoutchouc, 
paraffin, etc., and is used in pharmacy for extracting oleo- 
resins, for removing fixed oils from certain drugs, previous to 
percolation, for purifying some solutions and for other pur- 
poses. Either alone or combined with other substances, it is 
used for removing grease spots, etc., from clothing. 

Benzine. — The hydrocarbon distilled from petroleum, and 
known commercially as Benzine, is a heavier product than 
Benzin as above described. Its sp. gr. being from 0.725 to 
0.737. It is the last of the series of hydrocarbons which 
distills before illuminating oil begins to be run. 

It has a strong odor, and was formerly used considerably in 
place of turpentine for painting and similar purposes. It 
should not be confounded with Benzene, which is obtained 
from coal-tar. 



BENZOLUM BENZENE — BENZOL. 

Hydride of Phenyl. 
(HC fl H 5 )C fl H 6 . 
This is the first member or basis of the important homolo- 
gous series of hydrocarbons known as the Aromatic or Benzene 



19( ) B I NZOLU M — BENZENE — BENZOL. 



Series (C„H 2 „_ 6 ). Its sp. gr. is 0.85 to 0.90, and it boils at 
8o°4 to 85 C. (177 to 185 F.). It is chiefly derived from coal- 
tar by distillation, but is also obtained from petroleum and 
other hydrocarbons, and from benzoic acid, from which it 
derives its name. It was first discovered by Faraday in 1825, 
in the products of the destructive distillation of whale oil, and 
afterward, by Mitscherlich, was obtained from benzoic acid, by 
distilling with hydrate of lime. In 1849, Mr. C. B. Mansfield 
discovered its presence in coal-tar naphtha, from which the 
commercial Benzol is now chiefly obtained ; but recently its 
manufacture from petroleum has assumed considerable com- 
mercial importance. 

In the arts the importance of Benzene cannot be overesti- 
mated. It is the commercial basis of aniline, of nitrobenzol, 
and of a great variety of products of chemistry and pharmacy 
which, at the present time, are attracting much attention. For 
further information on this subject, our readers are referred to 
Fenner's Practical Chemistry. 

Benzene or Benzol should not be mistaken for Benzine, which 
is distilled from petroleum, as they are not identical in com- 
position. 

With other hydrocarbon bases Benzene forms a series of 
compounds classed as the Aromatic or Benzene Series, the 
more important of which are : 

C e H e Benzene \ C 6 H 6 . 

C 7 H 8 Toluene or Methylbenzene j C 6 H 5 (CH S ). 

C 8 H 10 Xylene or Ethylbenzene (and other isomers) C 6 H 5 (C 3 H 5 ). 

C 9 H 1S Propylbenzene (and other isomers) C 6 H 5 (C 3 H 7 ). 

C 10 H 14 Isobutylbenzene (and other isomers) j C 6 H 5 .C 3 H 3 (CH 3 ) 2 . 

C 1X H 16 Isoamylbenzene (and other isomers) ! C 6 H 5 .C 3 H 5 (CH 3 ) 2 . 

etc. etc., etc. 



The chief product of Benzene, in a commercial sense, is its 
nitrate or nitrobenzol. 

293. Nitrobenzol — C 6 H 5 N0 2 — Artificial Oil of Bitter Almonds is made 
by adding Benzol in small portions to fuming nitric acid. A violent reaction 
occurs, and a dark-red liquid results. Water is added, and an oily liquid 
precipitates ; the water is poured off and the oily precipitate repeatedly 
washed with fresh water. It is chiefly used for scenting soaps and for the 
manufacture of aniline. It should never be used for flavoring medicinal 
preparations. 



BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 191 



BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 

Symbol, Bi ; Atomic Weight, 210 (Dumas); sp. gr. 9.82. 

Bismuth is a metallic element, classed, on account of its 
analogies, with arsenic and antimony. It is found in nature 
in a metallic state and combined with other metals and ores. 
In appearance it closely resembles antimony. It is crystalline, 
brittle, pulverizable, and has a reddish silver color. It melts at 
264 C. (507 F.) and is readily obtained from its ores by fusion. 
Upon solidifying after fusion it expands -^ of its volume. 

Bismuth is used in the arts chiefly as an alloy with other 
metals. In pharmacy it is used for the preparation of many 
of its salts, which are employed in medicine, and also as ingre- 
dients in toilet powders and liquid cosmetics. 

The following are the chief alloys of Bismuth : 

294. Fusible Metal. — With lead and tin Bismuth forms alloys known as 
Fusible Metal, which have a very low melting point, the temperature required 
to fuse them being less than of boiling water. Newton's Fusible Metal 
consists of Bismuth 8 parts, lead 5 parts, and tin 3 parts. It fuses at 94°5 C. 
(202 F.) Darcet's Fusible Metal consists of Bismuth 2 parts, lead 1 part, 
tin 1 part. It fuses at 93 C. (i99°2 F.) Another combination of the three 
metals liquefies at a still lower temperature. When Cadmium is added the 
fusibility of these alloys is increased. Wood's Fusible Metal, which consists 
of 1 to 2 parts of cadmium, 2 of tin, 2 of lead, and 7 to 8 parts of Bismuth, 
melts between 66° and 71° C; and another described by Lipowitz, consisting 
of 8 parts of lead, ) 5 of Bismuth, 4 of tin, and 3 of cadmium, softens at 55° 
and liquefies at 6o° C. 

These alloys are sometimes used as safety plugs for steam apparatus, but 
are chiefly valuable in experiments. 

295. Soft Solder for Mending Pewter and other ware, melting at a low 
temperature, is made by melting together 1 part of Bismuth, 2 of tin and 1 
of lead. This same composition is also used as a bath for tempering steel, 
and for making the moulds for cakes of fancy soap, etc. 

296. Electrotype Moulds.— An alloy for electrotype moulds may be 
made with Bismuth 8 parts, lead .S and tin 3. It melts at 228 F., and is 
allowed to cool until it becomes pasty, when the warmed cut, medal or other 
device is pressed upon it and kept in contact until cool. 

297. Bismuth Amalgam is formed by adding 2 parts of hot Mercury to 
1 part of fused Bismuth. 

I >ther alloys of Bismuth with silver, platinum, copper or other metals may 

be made but they have no industrial application. 



L92 BISMUTHUM —BISMUTH. 

298. Bismuthum Purificatum, Br. 

Purified Bismuth. 

Commercial metallic Bismuth contains many impurities 
which render it unfit for use in making medicinal salts of Bis- 
muth. The Br. P. therefore directs that it be purified as 
follows : 

Bismuth 10 ounces av. 

Cyanide of Potassium, y 2 ounce av. 

Sulphur 80 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium recently ignited, ) of each a 

Carbonate of Sodium recently ignited, ) sufficiency. 

" Melt the Bismuth in a crucible, add the Cyanide of Potas- 
sium and Sulphur previously mixed. Heat the whole to low 
redness for about 15 minutes, constantly stirring. Remove 
the crucible from the fire, and let it cool until the flux has 
solidified to a crust. Pierce two holes in the crust aud pour 
the still fluid bismuth into another crucible. Remelt this par- 
tially purified bismuth with about five per cent, of a mixture 
of equal parts of the dried carbonates of potassium and sodium, 
heating to bright redness and constantly stirring. Remove 
the crucible from the fire, cool and pour out the bismuth into 
suitable moulds." Br. This process entirely frees it from 
arsenic and other impurities, and fits it for use in making 
medicinal salts. 

Official Salts of Bismuth. 

The following are the Salts of Bismuth which are official in 
the leading pharmacopoeias. They are astringent and tonic, 
and are also used internally and externally to prevent irritation 
and cover irritated surfaces : 

299. Bismuthi Carbonas, Br. 

Carbonate of Bismuth — Oxycarbonate of Bismuth. 
(Bi 2 2 C0 3 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
The 1885 Br. P. gives the following formula for the prepara- 
tion of this salt, which differs from the U. S. .^carbonate of 



BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 193 



Bismuth only in containing one volume less of C0 3 in its 
molecule : 

Purified Bismuth in small pieces, ... 2 ounces av. 

Nitric Acid, 4 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Ammonium, 6 ounces av. 

Distilled water, a sufficiency. 

" Mix the Nitric Acid with three ounces of distilled water 
and add the bismuth in successive portions. When efferves- 
cence has ceased, apply for ten minutes a temperature approach- 
ing that of ebullition, and afterwards decant the solution from 
any insoluble matter that may be present. Evaporate the 
solution until it is reduced to two fi. ounces, and add this in 
small quantities at a time to a cold filtered solution of the car- 
bonate of ammonium in two pints of distilled water, contin- 
ually stirring during admixture," collect the precipitate on a 
calico filter, wash with distilled water, press and dry at a tem- 
perature not exceeding i5o°F. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. 



300. Bismuthi Citras. 

Citrate of Bismuth. 



The U. S. P. directs this to be made by boiling 10 parts of 
subnitrate of bismuth and 7 parts of citric acid with 40 parts 
of distilled water until a drop of the mixture yields a clear 
solution with water of ammonia, and then adding 500 parts of 
distilled water, allowing the suspended matter to deposit, 
washing the precipitate with distilled water, and drying at a 
gentle heat. 

The Br. P. directs 51/ ounces av. of subnitrate of Bismuth 
to be dissolved in i i fl. ounces (or a sufficiency) of nitric acid 
by the aid of heat. Water is then added until the solution 
remains permanently slightly cloudy; 8 ounces av. of bicar- 
bonate of sodium is then dissolved in distilled water, 4 ounces 
av. of citric acid is added, and the solution boiled until all the 
gas is expelled. This solution is then added to the solution 

of Bismuth, and the whole heated to boiling, with occasional 



194 BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 



stirring. When cold the liquid is poured off and the precipi- 
tate washed and dried over a water-bath. 

Uses. — This salt is seldom employed in medicine, but in 
pharmacy is used for preparing Citrate of Bismuth and Am- 
monium, U. S. P. and solution of Bismuth and Ammonium. 
Br. P. 



301. Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium. 

The U. S. P. directs this to be made by mixing 10 parts of 
Citrate of Bismuth with 20 parts of distilled water and gradu- 
ally adding water of ammonia until the salt is dissolved and 
the liquid has only a faintly alkaline reaction. The solution 
is then to be filtered, evaporated to a syrupy consistence, and 
spread upon plates of glass, so that in drying the salt may be 
obtained in scales. 

The Br. P. process is in effect the same, the official solution 
of Citrate of Bismuth and ammonium being evaporated, etc., 
as above. This is the only soluble Salt of Bismuth, and in 
pharmacy is considerably used in making elixirs and other 
preparations requiring Bismuth in solution. It is sometimes 
prescribed in powders, etc., the dose being from I to 3 grains. 



302. Bismuthi Oxidum, Br. 

Oxide of Bismuth. 
Bi 3 3 . 

Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce av. 

Solution of Soda, 5 fl. ounces. 

Mix and boil for five minutes, then, having allowed the 
mixture to cool and the oxide to subside, decant the super- 
natant liquid, wash the precipitate thoroughly with distilled 
water, and, finally, dry the oxide by the heat of a water-bath." 
This salt is also known by the names Teroxide of Bismuth and 
Protoxide of Bismuth, or Bismuthous Oxide. 



BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 195 



Hydrated Oxide of Bismuth may be made by gradually 
dropping an acid solution of Bismuthous Nitrate into a con- 
centrated solution of potassium hydrate (solution of potassa), 
entirely free from carbonic acid, and washing and drying the 
precipitate. 

Bismuthic Oxide or Anhydride — Bi 2 5 — {Bismuthic Acid) 
is prepared by suspending Bismuthous Oxide in a strong solu- 
tion of potassa and passing pure chlorine gas through the 
mixture until it is decomposed. The powder is then treated 
with nitric acid, washed with cold water and dried. 

Uses. — Oxide of Bismuth has similar properties and uses 
as the subnitrate. The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. 

303. Bismuthi Subcarbonas, U. S. 

Subcarbonatc of Bismuth. 
(BiO) 2 .C0 3 .H 2 0. 
The present U. S. P. gives no process for preparing this 
salt, but it differs in composition from the Carbonate of Bis- 
muth (299) only in containing one more volume of C0 3 in its 
molecule. The process formerly official was to dissolve 2 
tr.ounces of Bismuth in 43^ tr.ounces of nitric acid mixed with 

4 fl. ounces of distilled water, and set aside for 24 hours ; the 
solution was then diluted with 10 fl. ounces of distilled water, 
and after 24 hours filtered ; 4 pints of distilled water were 
then added to the filtrate and the solution precipitated with 

5 fl. ounces of water of ammonia. The precipitate was then 
to be washed and dissolved in 4 tr.ounces of nitric acid diluted 
with 4 fl. ounces of distilled water and after 24 hours filtered ; 
IO tr.ounces of carbonate of sodium are then to be dissolved 
by heat in 12 (bounces of distilled water, and the solution 
filtered and when cold the solution of Nitrate of Bismuth 
gradually added to it with constant stirring. The mass is 
then to I"- washed with distilled water until the washings are 
tasteless, then dried on bibulous paper with gentle heat, and 

rubbed to a powder. 

Uses. — -Astringent and tonic, similar to the subnitrate. 
I )ose 5 to 10 grains. 



196 BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. 

304. Bismuthi Subnitras. 

Sub nit rate of Bismuth — Oxy nitrate of Bismuth. 
BiON0 3 .H s O. 

No process for making this salt is now given in the U.S. P., 
but it may be made by the former official process, which is 
the same as for making the Subcarbonate of Bismuth, except 
that the solution of Acid Nitrate of Bismuth first made is 
precipitated with the solution of carbonate of sodium, and the 
second acid solution of Bismuth is precipitated with water of 
ammonia. The Br. P. directs it to be made as follows: 
Purified Bismuth, in small pieces, . 2 ounces av. 

Nitric Acid, 4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

" Mix the nitric acid with three ounces of distilled water, 
and add the Bismuth in successive portions. When efferves- 
cense has ceased, apply for ten minutes a temperature ap- 
proaching that of ebullition and decant the solution from 
an)- insoluble matter that may be present. Evaporate the 
solution until it is reduced to two fl. ounces, and pour it into 
half a gallon (80 fl. ounces) of distilled water. When the 
precipitate which forms has subsided, decant the supernatant 
liquid. Wash the precipitate, press and dry it at a tempera- 
ture not exceeding i5o°F. 

Uses. — Subnitrate of Bismuth is used in pharmacy as the 
basis of many of the other Bismuth salts and for making 
various preparations. In medicine it is extensively employed 
as an astringent, tonic, and sedative. Dose, from 2 to 10 grains. 

Other Salts of Bismuth. 

Besides the foregoing official Salts of Bismuth, the following 
arc sometimes used : 

305. Bromide of Bismuth— BiBr 3 . — Made by adding bromine in 
excess to Metallic Bismuth, and when their combination is complete, 
collecting the steel-gray mass. 

306. Basic Chloride of Bismuth — Bi s Cl 3 . Made by dropping hydro- 
chloric acid into a solution of Nitrate of Bismuth, collecting, washing and 
drying the precipitate. This is known as Subchlcride of Bismuth or Pearl 
Powder, and is considerably used in face powders and liquid cosmetics. 



BISMUTHUM — BISMUTH. BORON. 197 



307. Oxychloride of Bismuth — BiOCl. — By pouring a solution of 
Bismuth in nitric acid into a solution of chloride of sodium, collecting the 
precipitate, washing and drying. 

308. Terchloride of Bismuth — B i C 1 3 . — By mixing 2 parts of powdered 
bichloride of mercury with 1 part of powdered Bismuth, and heating until 
the mercury is driven off. 

309. Chromate of Bismuth — 3 Bi 2 3 2CrO . — By adding a solution of 
Nitrate of Bismuth to a moderately concentrated solution of bichromate of 
potassium in slight excess, and collecting the precipitate. 

310. Lactate of Bismuth. — By mixing the freshly precipitated moist 
Oxide of Bismuth, prepared from 10 parts of Subnitrate of Bismuth, by 
boiling with excess of solution of soda, with 9 parts of lactic acid, and 
drying the mass on a water-bath. 

311. Oxalate of Bismuth — CgBigOi 2 .I5H 3 0. — By mixing Nitrate of 
Bismuth with a solution of oxalic acid, and collecting the precipitate. 

312. Nitrate of Bismuth— Bi(N0 3 ) 3 — Ter- or Tris-Nitrate of Bis- 
mut/i. — Made by dissolving Bismuth in sufficient nitric acid to effect its 
solution, adding to the solution half its volume of distilled water, filtering 
through glass-wool, evaporating and crystallizing. This is used for making 
some other Salts of Bismuth and for hair dye, etc. 

313. Salicylate of Bismuth. — By dissolving Nitrate of Bismuth in 
glycerin, and adding to it a concentrated solution of salicylate of sodium, 
then collecting the precipitate. 

314. Tannate of Bismuth. — By dissolving 22 parts Nitrate of Bismuth 
in the least requisite quantity of nitric acid diluted with half its weight of 
water, pouring the solution into an excess of solution of soda, collecting the 
precipitate, washing and triturating the moist precipitate with 10 parts 
tannin, rubbed with water, straining and drying. 

315. Tartrate of Bismuth.— By adding a hot, concentrated solution of 
tartaric acid to a solution of Oxide of Bismuth in nitric acid, and washing 
the precipitate with an aqueous solution of tartaric acid. 

316. Valerianate of Bismuth.— By dissolving Nitrate of Bismuth in the 
least requisite quantity of nitric acid, diluted with half its weight of water, 
then adding a concentrated solution of valerianate of sodium, washing the 
precipitate with water mixed with valerianic acid, and drying by gentle heat. 



BORON. 

Symbol, B; Atomic weight, i I ; sp. gr. 2.6s. 

The element Boron is always found in nature associated with 
>ther substances, either as boric acid or a salt ol boric acid. 



198 BORON. 



Chemists have succeeded in obtaining an amorphous modifi- 
cation of Boron by heating boric anhydride, B 2 3 , with 
sodium, which decomposes it. The sodium salt is then washed 
out, leaving a dark, brown powder. A crystalline modification 
is made by reducing the anhydride or oxide (B 2 3 ) by the aid 
of aluminium at a very high temperature; then allowing to 
cool. The crystals thus produced are brownish, having a luster, 
refracting power and hardness nearly equal to the diamond ; 
and are only slightly oxidized at the temperature at which 
diamond burns. In many respects Boron resembles carbon 
and silicon, and is therefore classed with them, chemically. 

But few Boron compounds are used in pharmacy, only two 
being official, viz. : Boric Acid and Borax or Borate of Sodium. 

317. Acidum Boricum. 

Boric Acid — (Boracic Acid). 
H3BO3. 

Boric Acid is produced by decomposing Borax with sulphuric 
or hydrochloric acid. 2 parts of borax are dissolved in 8 parts 
of boiling water, and sulphuric acid added until the solution 
is distinctly acid. This requires about 1 part of the acid. As 
the solution cools, crystals of Boric Acid are deposited, which 
may be collected and washed on a filter with a little cold water. 
The crystals may be further purified by dissolving in boiling 
water and recrystallizing. It combines with some bases, form- 
ing Borates, and unites with other acids to form Boro-com- 
pound salts, as Boro-tartrate of Potassium, etc. 

Metaboric Acid — HB0 3 — is prepared by heating Boric Acid 
to 38 C. (106 F.). 

Pyroboric Acid — H 2 B 4 0, — is made by heating Boric Acid 
for a long time to 6o° C. (140 F.). 

Uses. — Boric Acid has remarkable antiseptic and preservative 
virtues, and is now much employed in solution and in powder 
as an antiseptic, both externally and internally. It is also 
used as a preservative of solutions, juices, fruits, meats, foods, 
etc., 1 per cent, being generally sufficient for the purpose. 
Alcoholic solution of Boric Acid burns with a green flame. 



BORON. 199 



318. Boro-glyceride. 

When heated with glycerin for a long time, Boric Acid parts 
with the elements of water and combines with the glycerin to 
form a new substance. It is made as follows : 

Boric Acid, in fine powder 62 parts. 

Glycerin (by weight), 92 parts. 

Heat the glycerin and gradually add the Boric Acid, con- 
tinuing the heat until it no longer gives off vapor or loses 
weight, and until it will readily dissolve in water at ordinary 
temperature. The operation requires 10 to 12 hours to com- 
plete. In the earlier part of the process steam is given off 
freely from the water, which is set free, being vaporized; later 
it escapes more slowly owing to the viscidity of the melted 
mass. 

The completed product when cool is a brittle and trans- 
parent solid of a light amber color and a shining fracture. It 
dissolves freely in warm water and in 5 parts of alcohol at 
120° F. 

Uses. — Boro-glyceride is an antiseptic, astringent, and mild 
escharotic. In solution it is used as a surgical dressing and 
injection for removing diseased mucous secretions and pro- 
moting healthy action. 

319. Sodii Boras. 

Borate or Biborate of Sodium — Borax. 

Na 2 B 4 7 .ioH 2 0. 

Borax is an alkaline salt found native in California, where 
immense deposits of it exist in the basins of evaporated lakes 
and pools. It is also obtained from Thibet, Persia, and other 
localities, and it may be made by combining Boric Acid with 
Soda. 

Uses. In the industrial arts Borax is extensively employed 

for mail}' purposes. It is used for washing and making some 
kinds of soap; as a flux, for refining metals and for welding, 
etc. In medicine it is used as an antacid and diuretic, and as 



200 BROMUM — BROMINE. 



a soothing and healing wash for sores, especially for sore 
mouth. Its solution is used in pharmacy for saponifying fixed 
oils, whitening ointments, and for many purposes requiring a 
mild alkali. 



BROMUM — BROMINE. 

Symbol, Br. ; Atomic Weight, 79.8 ; sp. gr. 2.96. 

The element Bromine is a dense, dark-red, volatile liquid, 
boiling at 145.4 F. Its vapor is very irritating. It was dis- 
covered in 1826 by M. Balard, and on account of its analogies 
is chemically classed with chlorine and iodine. It is chiefly 
obtained from the mother liquor or bittern remaining after the 
crystallization of salt in salt-works. It combines energetically 
with other elements, forming salts called Bromides, many of 
which are extensively used in medicine. 

Uses. — In pharmacy Bromine is used for making bromides, 
hydrobromic and phosphoric acids, and other preparations. In 
medicine it is seldom used internally, but its solution is some- 
times employed as a cleansing or caustic wash, or as a gargle 
for diphtheria, etc. 

Like chlorine, it possesses wonderful bleaching properties, 
and is sometimes used for that purpose. 

The salts formed with Bromine and Bases are noticed under 
the bases with which the combinations are formed. The 
following are preparations of Bromine not otherwise classified : 

320. Bromal — C 2 Br 3 HO. — This is an aldehyd derivative, prepared by 
the action of Bromine on ethyl alcohol. It is a colorless oily liquid, having 
S P- S r - 3'34. and boiling above 212° F. It is very irritating, therefore its use 
as a hypnotic or anaesthetic does not meet with favor. Combined with the 
elements of water, it forms a hydrate known as Bromal Hydrate, similar 
in appearance and uses to hydrate of chloral, but quite expensive and seldom 
used. 

321. Bromoform — CHBr 3 . — This is a colorless volatile liquid, obtained 
by distilling alcohol combined with bromide of calcium. Its sp. gr. is 2.90, 
and it boils at 305.6 F. It is similar in properties and uses to chloroform, 
but is much more irritating, therefore is not much used medicinally. 

322. Bromic Acid — HBr0 3 . — Made by decomposing bromate of barium 
with sulphuric acid, filtering the liquid from the precipitate and evaporating. 



BUTYL OR TETRYL. 201 



Bromates are salts formed by the combination of this acid with bases. This 
should not be confounded with Hydrobromic Acid, HBr, which is a gas, the 
solution of which is official. (See page 59.) 

Some other combinations of Bromine are made, as Chloride of Bromine, 
Iodide of Bromi?ie, Bromacetic Acid, and other compounds with acids, but 
are seldom employed in pharmacy. 



BUTYL OR TETRYL. 

C 4 H 9 . 

Butyl is a gaseous radical — the fourth member of the hom- 
ologous series, C„H 2 „ +1 , known as the alcohol radicals. It is 
known in pharmacy only in its compounds, as butyric ether, 
butyric acid, etc. Commercially, its alcohol, ether or acid 
are obtained from amylic alcohol, rancid butter or cheese, etc. 
Its name is derived from butyrum (butter), from which it was 
first obtained. 

Its compounds with amyl and ethyl alcohols are considerably 
used in the manufacture of artificial fruit flavors — the buty- 
rate of ethyl, or butyric ether, being known as pineapple oil. 
Butyric acid combines with bases to form salts called Butyrates. 

The following are the principal combinations of Butyl 
employed in pharmacy, and not elsewhere classified : 

323. Butyl-Chloral — C 4 H r> CI. ,0. — Made by passing dry chlorine gas 
into aldehyd, which forms Chloral and Butyl-chloral, the latter being a dense, 
oily liquid of strong odor, which, by shaking with an excess of warm water, 
dissolves, and upon cooling deposits Butyl Chloral-hydrate, formerly called 
Croton Chloral-hydrate. Butyl Chloral-hydrate is employed for the same 
purposes as Chloral-hydrate, but in considerably smaller doses. 

324. Butyric Acid— HC., 1 1 7 2 . — This is present in rancid butter and 
cheese, which derive from it their peculiar odor. It is also obtained by the 
oxidation of butylic alcohol, C 4 H 9 HO, which is usually found in crude 
amylic alcohol or fousel oil ; and also in coal-tar. Butyric acid unites with 
organic radicals and metallic bases, forming Butyrates. 

325. Butyrate of Amyl — ( _'- 1 1 , , C. l H 7 O s . — Made by heating together 
Butyric Acid, Sulphuric Acid and Amylic Alcohol, separating, distilling and 
purifying. 

326. Butyrate of Ethyl — C..II ,< ,ll ; <>.,. By heating together Butyric 
Acid, Sulphuric Arid and Alcohol, separating, distilling and purifying. This 
is known commercially as Butyric Ether, 



202 BUTYRUM. BUTTERINE. 

327. Butyrum. 

Butter. 

In pharmacy fresh unsaltcd Butter is frequently used as a 
base for ointments, and although not official, it may often be 
advantageously employed. It consists of about 30 per cent, 
of olein, 68 per cent, of palmitin and stearin, and glycerides 
of butyric and other fatty acids. The process of making 
butter from cream by agitation is too well known to require 
description. 

In medicine Butter may be given as a food in place of cod 
liver oil. Medicines may be combined with it, or it may be 
made into an emulsion or jelly. 

328. Butyrin.— By heating clarified Butter in a porcelain vessel for several 
days to 66° C, separating the oily portion, mixing it with an equal weight of 
alcohol and agitating it frequently for 24 hours, then pouring off the oily 
portion, evaporating it, treating the oily residuum with a little carbonate of 
magnesium, to remove free acid, separating, heating the remaining fatty 
matter in alcohol, filtering and evaporating. This is the chief neutral prin- 
ciple of Butter, and corresponds with Olein obtained from some other fats. 

329. Butterine. 

A rtificial Butter — Oleomargarine. 

Although the manufacture of Butterine does not come 
within the province of the pharmacist, yet an outline of the 
process by which it is made may be of interest. Beef fat or 
suet is washed, cut up and melted at from 122 to 124 F. 
The liquid fat is drawn off, allowed to settle, strained or filtered, 
and kept at a temperature of' from 8o° to 90 F., until the 
stearine and palmatine mostly crystallize out. They are then 
separated from the liquid portion and pressed by hydraulic 
pressure in a room heated to about the same temperature (8o° 
to 90 F.). The portion that remains liquid at this tempera- 
ture consists of Oleomargarine. It becomes solid when cool. 

To make it into Butterine, it is churned while warm with 
milk (80 pounds of milk to 500 pounds of oil), and colored the 
desired shade, then run from the churn into a trough, where 
it is suddenly chilled by mixing it thoroughly with pounded 



CADMIUM. 203 



ice, thereby preventing it from crystallizing. It is then salted 
and worked like butter, and flavored usually with a little 
extract of tonka-bean to give it the odor of new-mown hay. 
Its uses are similar to butter. 



CADMIUM. 

Symbol, Cd ; Atomic weight, 112 ; sp. gr., 8.7. 

Cadmium is a metallic element of a bluish-white color, 
resembling zinc, with which it is found associated in the ores, 
from which zinc is obtained. In distilling zinc containing 
cadmium, its vapor is lighter and passes over first. It is very 
malleable and ductile, and though it is similar to tin in general 
characteristics, it is harder and more tenacious. When heated 
to about 8o° C, it becomes very brittle, and may readily be 
powdered. Added to some other metals, in small proportions, it 
makes very fusible alloys (see page 191). Heated with oxygen, 
it forms an oxide, CdO. It combines with chlorine, iodine, 
bromine, and sulphur, forming salts, which are used in pho- 
tography and as pigments. 

The following are the principal Salts of Cadmium : 

330. Bromide of Cadmium — CdBr 2 . — By adding a solution of bromide 
of potassium to a solution of sulphate of Cadmium, double decomposition 
occurs, sulphate of potassium being precipitated, and the solution of bromide 
of Cadmium poured off, concentrated and crystallized. Used in photog- 
raphy. 

331. Carbonate of Cadmium — CdC< ),,. — By adding a solution of Nitrate 
of Cadmium to a solution of carbonate of sodium, collecting the precipitate, 
washing and drying. 

332. Chloride of Cadmium — CdCl 2 . — By dissolving carbonate of Cad- 
mium in dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 

333. Iodide of Cadmium — Cd I ... — By double decomposition between 
iodide of potassium and sulphate of Cadmium, the same as in making bro- 
mide of calcium, 'This is used for sensitizing photographic plates. It is also 
used in medicine as an alterative. 

334. Nitrate of Cadmium — cd. \< • .. ■ By dissolving metallic Cadmium 

in nitric acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 



•204 < .KSHM. CALCIUM. 



335. Oxide of Cadmium — CdO. — By igniting the nitrate or carbonate. 
A suboxide of Cadmium, Cd g O, is also known. 

336. Sulphate of Cadmium — CdSO^Hj >. — By treating carbonate or 
oxide of Cadmium with diluted sulphuric acid. 

337. Sulphide of Cadmium — CdS. — By passing a current of hydrosul- 
phuric acid through a solution of chloride of Cadmium. This is a brilliant 
yellow pigment. 



CESIUM. 

Symbol, Cs; Atomic weight, 132.7. 

The element Caesium is closely related to potassium and the 
other metals of the alkalies. It has not yet been isolated, but 
an amalgam has been obtained by submitting its chloride to 
electrolysis, employing a globule of mercury as the negative 
electrode. It is the most electro-positive metal known. Its 
chloride is the only salt which has been described, or which is 
known to pharmacy, and this is only interesting as a rare and 
expensive chemical. 



CALCIUM. 

Symbol, Ca ; Atomic weight, 40; sp. gr., 1.57. 

Calcium is a strongly positive element, occurring abundantly 
in nature as carbonate, phosphate, silicate, chloride, etc.; its 
compounds forming a large proportion of the crust of the 
earth. Its oxide is Calx or lime, and the salts of Calcium are 
generally, though improperly, called salts of lime. 

The metal Calcium was first obtained from lime by Sir H. 
Davy, in 1808. It is classed with barium, strontium and mag- 
nesium. It is of a light-yellow color, rather harder than lead, 
very malleable, ductile, and melts at about 500 C. Its salts 
are very extensively used in the arts and industries, and are 
considerably employed in pharmacy and medicine. The salts 
of Calcium in solution give a white precipitate with carbonate 
of ammonium, and, if concentrated, with sulphuric acid also. 



CALCIUM. 205 



The following are the official salts of Calcium : 

338. Calcii Bromidum, U. S. 

Bromide of Calcium. 

CaBr 2 . 

Hydrobromic acid, any convenient quantity. 
Precipitated chalk (calcium carbonate), a sufficiency. 

Add the precipitated chalk to the hydrobromic acid, a little 
at a time, until a portion remains undissolved after standing 
a few hours, then filter and evaporate the solution to dryness, 
stirring while drying to granulate the salt. 

Uses. — Bromide of Calcium is used as a hypnotic, and for 
nervous irritability, in doses of 20 to 60 grains. 

339. Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium — Precipitated CJialk. 

CaC0 3 . 

The U. S. P. does not give a process for making this salt, 
but the Br. P. directs as follows : 

Chloride of Calcium, 5 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 13 ounces av. 

Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Dissolve the Chloride of Calcium and Carbonate of Sodium 
each in two pints of the water. Well mix the two solutions, and 
allow the precipitate to subside, collect on a calico filter, and 
wash it with boiling distilled water until the washings cease to 
give a precipitate with nitrate of silver, and dry the product 
at the temperature of boiling water, 2 I 2° F. 

Uses. — This powder is more commonly known as English 
precipitated chalk, and is much used in tooth powders, toilet 
powders, etc. It is also used ill medicine in the form of pow- 
ders, troches, etc., and is frequently employed for making 
chalk mixture, but is not considered so good for that purpose 
as prepared chalk. The dose is 10 to 30 grains or more. 



206 CALCIUM. 



340. Creta Prasparata. 

Prepared Chalk, Prepared Carbonate of Calcium. 

Although this substance is not classed in the pharmacopoeias 
under the heading Calcium, it properly belongs there, as it is 
" native, friable. Carbonate of Calcium, CaCOjj, freed from most 
of its impurities by elutriation." This is prepared from common 
chalk, which is native, friable, Carbonate of Calcium, by rub- 
bing it with a little water into fine powder, then transferring 
it to a large vessel nearly full of water, stirring thoroughly, 
and, after a moment, while the supernatant liquor is still 
turbid, pouring it off into another vessel. The coarser particles 
of chalk, which remain in the first vessel, are then treated 
again with water in the same manner, the liquid poured off 
and added to the portion formerly decanted. The suspended 
chalk is now allowed to subside, the water poured off, and the 
powder dried or made into little cones or "drops" by running 
through a paint mill. 

Uses. — Prepared chalk is an antacid, used medicinally almost 
altogether when Carbonate of Calcium is indicated. It is given 
in diarrhoea, acid stomach, etc. Also used in making toilet 
powders. Dose, 10 to 30 grains or more. 

Whiting is a cheap prepared chalk used for whitening walls, 
polishing, etc. 

341. Calcii Chloridum. 

Chloride of Calcium. 

CaCl 2 . 

Chloride of Calcium may be prepared by neutralizing hydro- 
chloric acid with chalk or marble, adding a little solution of 
chlorinated lime and slacked lime to the solution, filtering, 
evaporating the filtrate to dryness, and then heating to red- 
ness. The fused salt thus prepared is used to dry gases, and 
in pharmacy as the basis of some other calcium salts. A solu- 
tion made with it is official in the Br. P. This salt should not 
be mistaken for chlorinated lime, which is more frequently 
called " chloride of lime." 



CALCIUM. 207 



342. Calcii Hypophosphis. 

HypophospJiite of Calcium {Lime). 

Ca(PH 2 2 ) 2 . 

This salt is most conveniently prepared by heating two 
parts of Hydrate of Calcium (slacked lime) with 1 part of 
phosphorus and 10 parts of water, until phosphuretted 
hydrogen gas ceases to be evolved, then filtering the liquid to 
separate insoluble matter, concentrating the filtrate by evap- 
oration, refiltering, evaporating again until a pellicle appears 
on the surface ; then setting aside to crystallize or continuing 
the heat, and stirring to granulate. In conducting this pro- 
cess it is necessary to provide for the escape of the gas, which 
is inflammable, by means of a hood adjusted over the vessel 
in which the mixture is heated. The evaporation should also 
be at a low temperature, not over 185 F. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this salt is used for preparing other 
hypophosphites and hypophosphorous acid ; in syrups, etc. In 
medicine it is employed in wasting diseases, coughs, defective 
nutrition, nervous anemia, etc. The dose is from 5 to 30 grains, 
usually given in the form of syrup, solution or emulsion. 

343. Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus. 

Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium {Lime). 
Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 . 

Bone Ash, powdered 4 tr.ounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 8 tr.ounces. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s. or . . . .12 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Macerate tin- Hone- Ash in the hydrochloric acid, diluted with 
a pint of distilled water until it is dissolved, and filter the solu- 
tion. Add a pint of distilled water through the filter, and 
then gradually add water of ammonia until the liquid shows 
an alkaline reaction. Mix the magma (precipitate) with twice 
its bulk of boiling distilled water, and pour the- whole upon a 



208 CALCIUM. 



calico strainer. Wash the precipitate on the strainer with 
boiling distilled water until the washings cease to give a cloud- 
iness with solution of nitrate of silver acidulated with nitric 
acid ; and, lastly, dry by gentle heat. 

Uses. — Precipitated phosphate of Calcium, or Phosphate of 
Lime as it is generally called, is used for preparing solutions 
of phosphates and lacto-phosphates compound, and many 
other preparations used in pharmacy ; also in making medi- 
cated waters. In medicine it is employed as an antacid, osseous, 
nutritive, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. 

344. Calx. 

Lime — Oxide of Calcium. 

Lime is made by calcining or " burning" lime-stone, marble, 
or chalk, thus expelling the carbonic acid gas. It is an alka- 
line earth, much employed for building and other useful pur- 
poses, and in pharmacy is extensively used in making many 
galenicals. In medicine it is sometime employed as an eschar- 
otic, and its solution (lime-water) is extensively prescribed and 
used both internally and externally. 

345. Calcii Hydras. 

Hydrate of Lime — Slacked Lime. 

This is so common a preparation that it scarcely needs a 
formula, but it may not be out of place to give the Br. official 
directions for making it : 

Lime, 2 pounds av. 

Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 

Place the Lime in a metal pot, pour the water upon it, and 
when vapor ceases to be disengaged cover the pot with its lid 
and set it aside to cool. When cool, pass through a sieve and 
keep in well-stopped bottles excluded from the air. Slacked 
Lime is used to prepare Liquor Calcis, or Lime Water, and 
Syrupus Calcis, or Syrup of Lime. 



CALCIUM. 209 



346. Calx Chlorata, U. S., Calx Chlorinata, Br. 

Chlorinated Lime — {Chloride of Lime). 

This preparation is made by exposing slacked lime to the 
action of chlorine so long as the gas is absorbed. It is exten- 
sively used for bleaching and disinfecting, and is familiarly 
known as Bleaching Powder. 

Freshly prepared Chloride of Lime contains from 30 to 35 
per cent, of Chlorine, but loses most of it by age or exposure. 

In pharmacy it is used for making several preparations, and 
is much employed as a cheap deodorizer and disinfectant. 
Chlorinated Lime should not be mistaken for Chloride of Cal- 
cium, which is a true calcium salt. 

347. Calcii Sulphurata. 

Sulphurated Lime — Sulphide of Calcium. 

The U. S. P. defines this as " a mixture consisting chiefly of 
Sulphide of Calcium (CaS) and Sulphate of Calcium (CaS0 4 ) 
in varying proportions, but containing not less than 36 per 
cent, of absolute Sulphide of Calcium." The Br. P. describes 
it as " a mixture containing not less than 50 per cent, of Sul- 
phide of Calcium." 

As the processes for making it vary considerably, and are 
not expedient, except for manufacturing chemists, they are not 
here repeated. 

Uses. — This substance is used as a depilatory, and some- 
times in ointments. It is also given internally for skin diseases 
and as an alterative, in doses of ^ to 1 grain. 

Other Calcium Salts. 

Besides the foregoing official salts of Calcium, several unoffi- 
cial salts are sometimes used : 

348. Fluoride of Calcium— CaFj,. — This salt occurs native, and is 
known as Fluor-Spar. It may also be prepared by acting upon lime with 
hydrofluoric acid. 



210 CARBONIUM — CARBON. 



349. Iodate of Calcium — Ca2l0 3 .6H,0. — By gradually adding a filtered 
solution of chlorinated lime to an alcoholic solution of iodine, and when the 
solution is colorless, acidulating with a little hydrochloric acid, boiling, filter- 
ing, and crystallizing. 

350. Iodide of Calcium — Cal 2 . — By dissolving slacked lime in hydriodic 
acid, until neutralized, then concentrating and crystallizing. This salt is con- 
siderably used as an alterative, in doses of }i to 2 grains. 

351. Sulphides of Calcium. — With sulphur, Calcium forms several sul- 
phides, as follows : Sulphide of Calcium — CaS. — Made by exposing Sul- 
phate of Calcium at a high temperature to a current of hydrogen gas. 
Bisulphide of Calcium — CaS 3 . — By boiling slaked lime and sulphur, equal 
parts, in water until a solution is obtained, filtering, concentrating and crystal- 
lizing. Pentasulphide of Calcium — CaS 5 . — By using double the quantity 
of sulphur as for the former, and continuing the boiling longer. Oxysulphide 
of Calcium. — By mixing 1 part of sulphur with 3 parts of slaked lime and 5 
parts of water, and boiling until a portion dropped upon a cold slab will 
solidify. 

352. Sulphate of Calcium — CaS0 4 .2H 2 0. — This is found abundantly 
in nature, and is known as, gypsum. When calcined 2H 3 is driven off, and 
when ground this is known as calcined plaster, Plaster of Paris, or Dentists' 

plaster. 

353. Sulphide of Calcium — CaS0 3 . — By mixing concentrated solutions 
of sulphide of sodium and chloride of calcium, and collecting, washing and 
drying the precipitate. 

This preparation has had a large sale formerly under the name Sulphite of 
Lime, as a preservative for cider. 



CARBONIUM — CARBON. 

Symbol, C ; Atomic weight, 12. 

Carbon is one of the most important and widely distributed 
elements. It exists in nature in a great variety of forms, differ- 
ing widely in appearance and characteristics. The diamond 
and graphite are familiar forms of crystallized carbon ; lamp- 
black and wood charcoal are forms of impure amorphous 
carbon. It is a constituent of all animal and vegetable sub- 
stances, and has therefore been called the " Organic element." 
It is present in all alkaloids and neutral principles of plants, 
and its compounds include the greater part of the substances 
most valuable in pharmacy and medicine. 



CARBOXIUM — CARBON. 211 



354. Carbo Animalis. 

Animal Cliarcoal. 

Animal Charcoal is known commercially as ivory-black or 
bone-black, and is prepared in a large way by first boiling bones 
in water to free them from fat and adhering particles, and then 
subjecting them to destructive distillation in iron cylinders, 
by which process they are deprived of their volatile portions, 
as ammoniacal liquor, or bone spirit and tar, or bone oil, and 
become charred, consisting mainly of carbon and calcium salts. 

Uses. — Animal charcoal is extensively used for decolorizing 
substances by filtering them through it, especially for refining 
sugar, making petrolatum, etc. ; also for making blacking for 
shoes and as a pigment. For pharmaceutical use, purified 
animal charcoal should be used. 



355. Carbo Animalis Purificatus. 

Purified Animal Charcoal. 

Animal Charcoal, .... 2 parts or 8 ounces av. 
Hydrochloric Acid, ... 3 parts or 10 fl. ounces. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Pour the hydrochloric acid, previously mixed with 4 pints 
of water, upon the animal charcoal and digest the mixture on 
a water-bath for 24 hours, occasionally stirring (this is for 
the purpose of dissolving the calcium salts which are present); 
then pour off the supernatant liquid and digest the undissolved 
portion with 4 pints of water for two hours, transfer the mix- 
ture to a strainer, and when the liquid portion has run off, 
wash tile residue with water until the washings give no cloud 
with a solution of nitrate of silver; then dry the product and 
heat it to dull redness in a covered crucible. 

Uses. — Thus treated, the crude bone-black becomes pure 
Carbon, which may be used for delicate chemical or pharma- 
ceutical operations. It is chiefly used for filtering and decolor- 
izing solutions of alkaloids and line chemicals. 



212 CARBONIUM — CARBON. 



356. Carbo Ligni. 

Charcoal — Wood-Charcoal. 

This is prepared for commerce by charcoal-burners, who 
pile billets of wood in conical form, cover the pile with earth, 
ignite it from the bottom, and then close it from access of air, 
leaving the process to go on without consuming the wood, 
which is by the heat deprived of its oxygen, hydrogen, etc. 
leaving charcoal or carbon as the result of the operation. 

For pharmaceutical use, charcoal prepared from willow is 
preferred. 

Uses. — In pharmacy, powdered charcoal is used for filtering 
many substances that cannot be made clear by ordinary filter- 
ing processes. It is also used in tooth powders. In medicine 
it is given in doses of one or two drachms as an antiseptic, 
and absorbent especially in gastric derangements. On account 
of its absorbent qualities, it should be kept in tight tin cans 
or bottles. 

357. Carboni Bisulphidum. 

Bisulphide of Carbon. 
CS 2 . 

This is a clear, colorless, very volatile and inflammable 
liquid, having sp. gr. 1.272. 

It is made by combining the vapor of sulphur with carbon, 
collecting the gaseous product by means of condensing tubes, 
agitating the liquid with mercury, and distilling it in contact 
with white wax. Crude Disulphide of Carbon has a very dis- 
agreeable odor, like rotten eggs, but this may be almost 
entirely removed by repeated rectification. It is never pre- 
pared except by manufacturing chemists, who have appropriate 
apparatus for making it. 

Uses. — Bisulphide of Carbon is a powerful solvent of fats, 
resins, rubber, etc., and is used in pharmacy chiefly for that 
purpose. Its vapor is sometimes used in the form of spray in 
surgical operations, but it is not administered internally. It is 



CARBONIUM — CARBON. 213 

also a powerful antiseptic, and is used to preserve animal and 
vegetable substances. 

Other Carbon Compounds. 

Besides its combination with sulphur, which is official, carbon 
combines with chlorine in several proportions, with oxygen in 
two proportions, and with hydrogen in many proportions, 
forming a series of important radicals : 

358. Chlorides of Carbon. — A Chloride of Carbon is obtained from its 
sesqui-chloride by subliming it repeatedly through a tube filled with frag- 
ments of glass heated to redness. It is a transparent aromatic liquid. Sesqui- 
chloride of Carbon — C 3 C1 6 — is obtained by exposing Dutch liquid with 
chlorine in a glass vessel to the direct rays of the sun, and renewing the 
chlorine as long as it is absorbed. The liquid is thus converted into a white 
crystalline volatile solid. Tetrachloride of Carbon, or Bichloride of Carbon, 
is made by a complicated process. It is a colorless liquid, sometimes used as 
an anaesthetic. Oxychloride of Carbon — COCl 3 — is a gas made by mixing 
equal volumes of carbonic oxide and chlorine and exposing them to the rays 
of the sun. 

359. Hydrides of Carbon. — With hydrogen, carbon unites in many pro- 
portions, forming a series of radicals known as the hydro-carbon series, or 
alcohol radicals. Beginning with methane or marsh-gas, CH 4 , this series 
increases by CH 2 , forming the radicals ethyl or ethane, C 2 H r> , propyl or 
propane, C.,H S , butyl or tetrane, C 4 H 10 , amyl or pentane, C 5 H 13 . etc. In 
pharmacy these radicals are bases of very important preparations, which are 
extensively used. 

Carburetted Hydrogen is a term applied to two of the compounds of 
carbon and hydrogen, namely Light Carburetted Hydrogen, CH 4 , marsh-gas 
or tire-damp ; Heavy Carburetted Hydrogen, C 2 H 4 , olefiant gas or ethylene. 

360. Oxides of Carbon. — With oxygen carbon forms at least two combi- 
nations, carbon oxide and carbon dioxide. 

361. Oxide of Carbon — L'( ) — This is produced when carbon is burned 
in an insufficient supply of oxygen, or may be made by passing carbonic acid 
gas over charcoal heated to dull redness, and then washing the gas through 
milk of lime to remove carbonic acid. It burns in the air, uniting with 

. and being converted into carbon dioxide. 

362. Dioxide of Carbon — CO g . Carbonic Anhydride, more commonlj 
called Carbonic .hid. This ;<as is produced by the union of carbon and 

, as in the ordinary process of combustion, and is disengaged in the 
process of fermentation and other natural operations. It is present to a small 

n the atmosphere, and is abundant in tin- carbonate earths and in all 
vegetable and animal substances. It may be obtained by adding sulphuric 



214 CEFLE — WAXES. 



or hydrochloric acids to marble, whiting, or other carbonates, and collecting 
the gas. Its further description and characteristics will be found in Fenner's 
Practical Chemistry. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this gas is chiefly used for making carbonated water 
or " soda water," so generally dispensed by druggists. 

363. True Carbonic Acid — H 2 C0 3 . — This is the acid which forms with 
bases the important class of salts called Carbonates. It has not been satisfac- 
torily obtained as a free acid, but is known to exist by the action of carbon 
dioxide on basic radicals in the presence of water. 



CERiE- WAXES. 

Wax is a general name for a variety of peculiar, concrete 
substances resembling beeswax. Although the varieties used 
are few, they are obtained from the animal, vegetable and 
mineral kingdoms, and serve important and useful purposes 
that could not well be supplied by other substances. In the 
arts beeswax is extensively used for modeling, making molds, 
electrotyping, etching, etc. In pharmacy it is used for making 
cerates, ointments, and other similar galenicals. Other vari- 
eties of wax are but little used in comparison with beeswax, 
but some of them are now being employed in place of it for 
some purposes, as they can be obtained at lower prices. 

The following are the varieties of wax known and used in 
pharmacy, Beeswax only being official : 

364. Cera Flava. 

Ycllozv Wax, Beeswax. 

This is obtained by melting the honey-cells of the common 
honey-bee, Apis Mellifica, and is purified by straining and 
agitating with hot water while fluid. It is then poured into 
pans containing a little hot water, when most of the impurities 
subside, and may be scraped from the under surface of the 
cake when cold. 

Beeswax is composed of three different substances, namely, 
Myricin, Ceratic Acid and Cerolein. These substances may be 



CER.E — WAXES. 215 



separated by boiling wax in alcohol ; the first remains undis- 
solved ; the second dissolves but crystallizes out upon cooling ; 
the third remains in solution in the cold alcohol. 

Uses. — Yellow Wax is used in the arts for molding, etc., 
and in pharmacy for making some kinds of cerates and 
ointments, when the color is not objectionable. It is better 
in many respects for cerates, etc., than white wax, which is 
prepared from it. 

365. Cera Alba. 

White Wax. 

White Wax is Beeswax bleached by exposing yellow wax 
in thin layers to the action of light, air. and moisture. It is 
prepared in a commercial way by first melting yellow wax and 
making it into thin sheets, which are spread upon linen cloths 
stretched upon frames, moistened occasionally and exposed to 
the air and light until the color is partly discharged. The wax 
is then gathered, melted, and sheeted as before, and again 
bleached in the same manner, and the operation is continued 
until it is considered sufficiently white for the market, when 
it is melted and run into round or square cakes. 

Uses. — White Wax is considerably used in the form of thin 
sheets for making wax-flowers and other artistic work. It 
may be sheeted for this purpose by melting on water and 
plunging a round bottle in the melted mass. When with- 
drawn a thin coating of wax adheres to the bottle, which, 
when cut, comes off in sheets. In pharmacy it is used in 
making the light colored cerates, and to give consistence to 
some of the white ointments. 



Other kinds of Wax. 

The following are varieties of wax obtained from natural 

sourco : 

366. Bay Wax, Myrtle Wax, or Bay berry Tallow. — This is obtained 
from the fruit of the Wax Myrtle by boiling it in water, the wax or fat 



210 CER.E — WAXES. 



collecting on the surface. It is greenish-yellow, has a balsamic odor, and 
is harder and more brittle than beeswax. It is sometimes used in oint- 
ments, and for making candles, from which the fruit is called Catidleberry. 

367. Carnauba Wax. — Obtained from the leaves of the Wax Palm by 
boiling them in water and collecting the wax which rises to the surface. 
This wax is extensively used for the manufacture of candles, and also for 
making varnish. It is not used in pharmacy. 

368. Japan Wax.— A species of wax or turpentine obtained from Rhus 
Succedaneum of Japan. It is used chiefly for making varnish and candles. 

369. Ozokerite or Ceresin — Mineral Wax, Earth Wax. — This is a 
species of wax obtained from mineral deposits in various parts of the 
country, but chiefly from Austrian- Poland. It is found in the fissures of 
shale or slate, from which it is obtained by fusion. When refined it so closely 
resembles yellow beeswax as to be readily sold for it, and it may be used for 
the same purposes. 

370. Paraffin Wax. — The solid, white crystalline hydro-carbon obtained 
from petroleum by chilling it with ice, pouring off what remains liquid, and 
subjecting the remaining semi-solid mass to pressure, is called Paraffin or 
Paraffin Wax. It considerably resembles White Wax, and is sometimes used 
to adulterate it. It varies considerably in hardness, according as more or 
less of the soft Paraffines remain combined with it. It is used instead of 
Beeswax for many purposes, and may be employed in making ointments and 
cerates, but is not so satisfactory as Beeswax. It is used for making corks 
impervious to chemicals, for sealing bottles, covering jelly, etc. 

The following are preparations made of various substances and known as 
Waxes : 

371. Gilding Wax.— Made of Beeswax 4 ounces. Verdigris 1 ounce, 
Red Ochre 1 ounce, powdered Alum 1 ounce, melted and mixed together. 

372. Modeling Wax.— Made of Beeswax, Lead Plaster, Olive Oil and 
Yellow Resin, each equal parts, with whiting sufficient to form a mass. 

373. Sealing Wax.— The basis of the best Sealing Wax is made as 
follows : 

Pale Shellac 8 ounces. 

Venice Turpentine, 2^2 ounces. 

Coloring as desired, a sufficiency. 

.Melt the Shellac carefully in a bright copper vessel, and add the Venice 
Turpentine, then stir in the coloring and mould the wax into sticks, which 
may be stamped or pressed as desired. The best red sealing wax is made 
by adding 6 ounces of vermilion to the above quantity; a cheaper red wax 
can be made by using red lead instead. The best black is made by adding 
5 ounces of very finely powdered ivory-black to the above quantity. Other 
colors may be made by adding other pigments. 



CERATA — CERATES. 217 



Cheaper Sealing Wax may be made as follows : 

Resin, i pound av. 

Shellac 8 ounces. 

Venice Turpentine, 6 ounces. 

Coloring as desired, a sufficient quantity. 
Melt together and stir in the coloring. 

Soft Sealing Wax for official documents and express packages may be 
made with : 

Resin, 8 ounces. 

Beeswax 8 ounces. 

Olive Oil, 5 ounces. 

Venice Turpentine 12 ounces. 

Coloring as desired, a sufficiency. 
Melt together and stir in the coloring. 

Bottle Wax may be made from : 

Resin, 12 ounces. 

Beeswax 2 ounces. 

Burgundy Pitch, 2 ounces. 

Melt together and color red with red lead or Venetian red ; black with ivory 
black ; green with verdigris or chrome green ; brown with umber, etc. 



CERATA — CERATES. 

Cerates are preparations composed of wax combined with 
fatty or resinous substances, and intended to be spread upon 
lint, linen, or other similar material, to be used externally. 

They are of firmer consistence than ointments, and are 
mostly designed rather to protect the parts to which they are 
applied, than to be absorbed, as is expected of ointments. 

The British and German Pharmacopoeias make no class dis- 
tinction between Cerates and Ointments, but such a classifica- 
tion seems quite proper when the difference in the uses to 
which they are applied is considered. 

Ili' use of lard in some of the Cerates, which has formerly 
been common, although still retained in the official formulas, 
has he.n mostly superseded by petrolatum, because of its better 
keeping qualities and general adaptability to the purpose; in 
the formula- for Cerates which follow, therefore, it will be 



218 CERATA — CERATES. 



understood that when " lard or petrolatum " is directed, lard is 
mentioned, because it is directed in the U. S. P., but petrolatum 
is preferable. 

To secure uniformity of the mass, and prevent granulation 
of the wax, most of the Cerates are stirred while cooling. 
This also makes them whiter and lighter as regards their 
specific gravity, by introducing air. 

Paraffin is sometimes used in making Cerates instead of 
beeswax, but it does not make so satisfactory a preparation. 

The following arc the Cerates official in the U. S. P. : 

374. Ceratum. 

Cerate or Simple Cerate. 

White Wax, 3 ounces. 

Lard (or White Petrolatum), .... 7 ounces. 
Melt them together, and stir the mixture constantly until 
cool. 

Uses. — This is the base known as "Simple Cerate," with 
which medicinal substances are incorporated when desired to 
be used in this form. It is also used as a simple dressing for 
sores, blisters, etc. 

375. Ceratum Camphorae. 

Camphor Cerate. 

Camphor Liniment (1 part Camphor, 4 parts 

Cotton Seed Oil), 1 ounce. 

Olive Oil, 4 ounces. 

Cerate, 28^3 ounces. 

Mix the Camphor Liniment and the Olive Oil, and incor- 
porate with the Cerate. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Camphor, in fine powder, y^ ounce. 

White Wax, or Paraffin, 8 ounces. 

Petrolatum, 24 ounces. 

Melt the Wax and the Petrolatum, and while cooling, but 
still liquid, add the Camphor. 



CERATA — CERATES. 219 



Uses. — In Pharmacy, Camphor Cerate is used for making 
Goulard's Cerate, and is frequently prescribed combined with 
other substances desired in the form of a cerate. 



376. Ceratum Cantharidis. 

Cantharidcs Cerate, Blistering Cerate, or "Blister Plaster!' 

Cantharides, No. 60 powder, .... 7 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 4 ounces. 

Resin, 4 ounces. 

Lard (or Petrolatum), 5 ounces. 

To the Wax, Resin and Lard, or Petrolatum, previously 
melted together and strained through muslin, add the Can- 
tharides, and by means of a water-bath keep the mixture in a 
liquid state for half an hour, stirring constantly. Then remove 
from the water-bath and stir constantly until cool. 

In the British Pharmacopoeia a similar preparation is given 
under the name 

EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS. 

Cantharides Plaster. 

Cantharides, in powder, 12 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, ) 

T , , c - of each, 7^4 ounces. 

Prepared Suet, I ' /x 

Prepared Lard, 6 ounces. 

Resin, 3 ounces. 

Liqeufy the Wax, Suet and Lard together by a water-bath, 
and add the Resin, previously melted ; then introduce the 
Cantharides, mix the whole thoroughly, and continue to stir 
the mixture while it is allowed to cool. 

Uses. — Cantharides Cerate is used in pharmacy in combina- 
tion with Hurgundy Pitch for making Warming Plaster, and in 
many other Irritating plasters and ointments. In medicine 
" Blister Plaster" is an old-time remedy, too well known to 
require further notice. It maybe spread on stiff paper, cloth 
or skin, and applied. 



220 CERATA — CERATES. 



377. Ceratum Cetacei. 

Spermaceti Cerate. 

Spermaceti, 2 ounces. 

White Wax, ; . 7 ounces. 

Olive Oil, 11 ounces. 

Melt together the Spermaceti and Wax, then add the Olive 
Oil, previously heated, and stir the mixture constantly until 
cool. Unless the best imported olive oil is used, the prepara- 
tion has a disagreeable odor; and even when made with the 
best materials it soon becomes rancid. It is just as efficient, 
cheaper, and entirely permanent, made with petrolatum. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Spermaceti, 1 ounce. 

White Wax, or Paraffin, 2 ounces. 

Petrolatum, 7 ounces. 

Melt together and stir while cooling. This Cerate is used as 
a dressing and healing salve. 

378. Ceratum Extracti Cantharidis. 

Cerate of Extract of Cant har ides. 

Cantharides, in No. 60 powder, ... 6 ounces av. 

Resin, 3 ounces av. 

Yellow Wax, 7 ounces av. 

Lard (or Petrolatum), 7 ounces av. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the Cantharides with two fl. ounces of Alcohol, and 
pack firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint 
of Alcohol, and set in a warm place for two days; then heat 
very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
Alcohol to the drug, and continuing the heat and percolation 
until 20 fl. ounces have passed. Distill off a pint of Alcohol, 
and evaporate the remainder, if necessary, to 3 ounces ; add 
to this the Resin, Wax and Lard, or Petrolatum, previously 
melted together, and keep the whole at the boiling point of 



CERATA — CERATES. 221 



water for 15 minutes; then strain the mixture through muslin 
and stir until cool. 

It is well known that heat assists very materially to dissolve 
the active principle of Cantharides, Cautharidin. Therefore, 
the water-bath percolator is useful in making the preparation, 
both as regards efficiency of the product, and economy in 
making. The U. S. 1880 preparation is about 20 per cent. 
stronger than the 1870. 

Uses. — Similar to Cantharides Cerate. 

379. Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. 

Cerate of Subcicetatc of Lead — Goulard 's Cerate. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead by weight, . 2 ounces. 

Camphor Cerate, 8 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. This Cerate should be freshly pre- 
pared when wanted for use. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead, by weight, 2^ ounces. 

Paraffin, 3 ounces. 

Petrolatum, 7 ounces. 

Camphor, in fine powder, 3 grains. 

Melt the Paraffin with the Petrolatum, and when cooling 
add the Camphor. When it begins to solidify add the solution, 
and stir constantly with a wooden or horn spatula until cool. 

Uses. — This Cerate is used as a soothing application to 
inflamed parts. 

380. Ceratum Resinae. 

Resin Cerate, Basilicon Ointment. 

Resin, 7 ounces. 

yellow Wax, 3 ounces. 

Lard (or Petrolatum) 10 miners. 

Melt them together at a moderate heat, strain the mixture 
through muslin, and allow to cool without stirring. 

Uses. — This Cerate is used in pharmacy for the preparation 



222 CERATA — CERATES. 



of turpentine liniment, and as the base of many compound 
Cerates which are prescribed by physicians. It is healing and 
stimulating. 

381. Ceratum Resinae Compositum. 

Compound Resin Cerate. 

Although this Cerate is deleted in the 1880 Pharmacopoeia, 
it is still frequently prescribed; the formula is as follows: 

Resin, 2 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces. 

Turpentine (Gum Thus), 1 ounce. 

Petrolatum, 3 ounces. 

Melt them together, strain, and stir until cool. 
This differs from the 1870 formula in substituting Petrolatum 
for Suet and Flaxseed Oil. 

Uses. — The uses of this Cerate are similar to simple Resin 
Cerate, but it is more stimulating. 



382. Ceratum Sabinae. 

Savine Cerate. 

Fluid Extract of Savine, 2^ ounces av. 

Resin Cerate, 9 ounces av. 

Melt the Resin Cerate, add the Fluid Extract of Savine, and 
heat moderately until the Alcohol has evaporated ; then stir 
constantly until cool. 

Uses. — This is a stimulating irritant, sometimes employed 
instead of Cantharides Cerate. It is but little used in this 
country. 

383. Ceratum Saponis. 

Soap Cerate. 

Why tin's Cerate is omitted in the 1880 U. S. Pharmacopoeia 
is not apparent, as it is prescribed as frequently as many of the 



CERATA — CERATES. 223 

Cerates that remain ; the formula is therefore given for it as 
prepared with Petrolatum : 

Soap Plaster 2 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 1 ounce. 

Petrolatum, 5^ ounces. 

Melt the Plaster and Wax together and add the Petrolatum ; 
continue the heat until it is liquefied, then stir the mixture 
until cool. 

Uses. — Soap Cerate is a valuable cleansing application to 
indolent sores and ulcers. 

Other Cerates. 

The foregoing official Cerates include nearly all for which 
there is a demand in this country. Many other preparations 
that are frequently called Cerates will be found under the head- 
ing UNGUENT A. A great many preparations that are simply 
mixtures of a medicinal substance with Cerate are sometimes 
prescribed by name, as Opium Cerate, Quinine Cerate, etc. ; 
but it seems unnecessary to give detailed formulas for them. 

The following have been popular or well-known Cerates, some 
of them having been official in European Pharmacopoeias: 

384. Cerate, Acetate of Lead. 

White Wax 5 ounces av. 

Olive Oil 20 fl. ounces. 

Acetate of Lead, in fine powder 5 drachms. 

Triturate the Acetate of Lead with 2 ounces of the Olive Oil, and having 
melted the White Wax with the Olive Oil by the aid of heat, add the mixture and 
stir until cool. This Cerate was formerly official in the London Pharmacopoeia, 
but is now little used, the Cerate of Subacetate of Lead being used instead. 

385. Cerate, Calamine. 

Turner's Cerate. 

Yellow Wax ?,% ounces av. 

' Hive Oil 10 (bounces. 

Prepared Calamine, 3X ounces av. 

Melt the Wax with the Oil, and when cool enough to begin to thicken, 
add the Calamine, and stir until cool. This may also be prepared by mixing 
1 part of Prepared Calamine with 5 parts of Simple Cerate. 

This has long been popular under the name of Turner's Cerate, as a dry- 
ing, healing dressing for sores, ulcers, etc. 



224 CERATA — CERATES. 



386. Cerate Cosmetic, or Cold Cream. 

Oil of Sweet Almonds 8 fl. ounces. 

White Wax, 1 ounce av. 

Spermaceti 1 ounce av. 

Rose Water, 5 fl. ounces. 

Borax, in fine powder, 4 drachms. 

Melt the Wax and Spermaceti in the Almond Oil by aid of heat ; dissolve 
the Borax in the Rose Water, and when the melted Wax, etc., is cooling, 
gradually add the solution of Borax, beating or agitating with a wooden 
spatula until cold. 

This makes a Cold Cream base, to which other ingredients may be added 
if desired. If other perfuming oils are required, mix them with the mass 
while agitating and nearly caol ; if it is desired to add Glycerin, add it to the 
solution of Borax in Rose Water. Camphor may be dissolved in the melted 
mass while warm. Tincture of Benzoin added to the melted mass gives it an 
agreeable odor, and helps materially to preserve it. 1 ounce is sufficient for 
the above quantity. 

It may be made firmer by using a larger proportion of Wax. Petrolatum 
may be used instead of Oil of Almonds. Cologne, or bulk perfumes of any 
kind, may be incorporated, etc. 

Uses. — Cold Cream is used to soften the skin, for chap, sun-burn, sores, 
and all purposes where a soft soothing ointment is desired. 

387. Cerate of Galen. 

Cerat de Galien, Fr. 

Oil of Sweet Almonds, 8 fl.ounces. 

White Wax 2 ounces av. 

Rose Water, 6 fl.ounces. 

Melt the Wax in the Oil by heat, and while cooling gradually add the Rose 
Water, beating it in with a wooden spatula. 

This Cerate is considerably used in French pharmacy as a cerate or oint- 
ment base. It is similar to cold cream or rose-water ointment, and is used 
for similar purposes. 

388. Cerate, Kirkland's. 

Kirkland's Neutral Cerate. 

Lead Plaster, 8 ounces av. 

< 'live Oil 4 fl.ounces. 

Chalk, in powder 4 ounces av. 

Liquor Subacetate of Lead ^ ounce av. 

Distilled Vinegar (or Dilute Acetic Acid) 4 fl.ounces. 

Melt the Lead Plaster in the Oil, sift in the Chalk, then add the Liquor and 
Vinegar, and stir together until cold. 
This is a cooling dressing for sores and ulcers. 



CERATA — CERATES. CERIUM. 22fi 

389. Rose Cerate, or Lip Salve. 

Oil of Almonds 8 fl. ounces. 

White Wax, 4 ounces av. 

Alkanet Root >£ ounce av. 

Digest the Alkanet in the Almond Oil for some days, then filter or strain, 
add the Wax, melt and perfume while cooling with Otto of Roses, 30 drops, 
or other suitable perfuming oil a sufficient quantity. This makes a nice lip 
salve. Other formulas will be found among the Toilet Preparations. 

Of other Cerates that are sometimes called for or prescribed, many will be 
found among the ointments of corresponding names. A few not thus classi- 
fied are of sufficient importance to deserve mention here. 

390. Ammoniacal Cerate. — Carbonate of Ammonium 1 drachm, Simple 
Cerate 1 ounce. Used as a counter-irritant in croup, etc. 

391. Arsenical Cerate. — Arsenious Acid in fine powder 20 grains, Sim- 
ple Cerate 1 ounce. Applied to cancerous sores, etc. 

392. Cacao Cerate. — Butter of Cacao, Oil of Sweet Almonds, and White 
Wax, each equal parts, melted together. For chaps, etc. 

393. Chalk Cerate. — Chalk in fine powder 1 ounce, Simple Cerate 3 
ounces, Almond Oil iyi, ounces. Mix. 

394. Copaiba Cerate. — Add 1 ounce of Balsam Copaiba to 8 ounces of 
Spermaceti Cerate, previously melted. A stimulating application. 

395. Marshall's Cerate. — Palm Oil 2 ounces, Calomel 2 ounces, Acetate 
of Lead in fine powder 1 ounce, Nitrate of Mercury Ointment 4 ounces; rub 
them together. This is applied to the eyes. 

396. Pitch Cerate. — Yellow Wax 8 ounces, Suet 4 ounces, Burgundy 
Pitch 6 ounces. Melt them together. 

397. Verdigris Cerate.— Wax and Resin each 5 ounces, Venice Turpen- 
tine 5 ounces, Linseed Oil 2 ounces, Verdigris 1 ounce. Melt and mix them 
together. This is sometimes called Green Cerate. Red Cerate is made by 
adding 1 drachm of Vermilion to 1 ounce of Cerate. 



CERIUM. 

Symbol, Cc ; Atomic weight, 140; Sp. gr. 6.62. 

Cerium is a metallic element found in the mineral cerite. 
It is of a chocolate-brown color, and is classed chemically, 
with aluminium, cadmium and /.inc. It unites with acids to 
form salt--, the oxalate only being official. 



CERIUM. CETACEUM — SPERMACETI. 



398. Cerii Oxalas. 

Oxalate of Cerium. 

Ce 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 . 9 H 2 0. 

The powdered mineral cerite, which consists of silicates of 
several metals is treated with strong sulphuric acid or hydro- 
chloric acid, by the aid of heat, to separate the silica. 
Ammonia is then added to the filtered diluted solution, 
and the precipitated hydrates are again treated with acids to 
separate other metals. The Cerium compounds are then pre- 
cipitated by oxalic acid, the precipitate consisting of oxalates 
of Cerium, lanthanum and didymium, the latter metals are 
then separated with difficulty, leaving the Oxalate of Cerium. 

Uses. — This salt is considerably prescribed in the nausea 
and vomiting of pregnancy, in doses of 2 to 10 grains. 

Other Salts of Cerium. 

The Oxalate of Cerium is the only Cerium salt of import- 
ance in pharmacy, the following, however, may be mentioned : 

399. Chloride of Cerium — CeCl 3 . — Made by burning Cerium in 
chlorine gas and collecting the mass. 

400. Nitrate of Cerium — CeN0 3 2H 3 0. — This may be made by dis- 
solving ceroso-ceric oxide by nitric acid in the presence of alcohol. 

401. Oxides of Cerium. — When Cerium is burned in the atmosphere, 
or with oxygen it forms oxides, as follows, under varying conditions : Cerous 
Oxide Ce 2 3 , Ceric Oxide CeO \. By igniting Oxalate of Cerium in an open 
vessel Ceroso-Ceric Oxide Ce 3 4 is formed. 

402. Sulphate of Cerium — Ce 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . — By dissolving Oxide of Cerium 
in sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 



403. CETACEUM — SPERMACETI. 

Spermaceti is a " peculiar concrete, fatty substance," 
obtained from the oleaginous matter found in the head of 
the sperm whale, PJiyscter macrocephalus. The oily matter 
from which Spermaceti is obtained is found in a large cavity 



CATACEUM — SPERMACETI. CHARTVE — PAPERS. 227 

in the upper jaw, and is dipped out soon after the animal is 
dead, as an oily liquid which congeals into a yellow mass. 
This is drained in suitable bags, and then pressed with great 
force, to remove the liquid olein, leaving the solid cetin in the 
bags. This is then purified by melting in water, straining, 
boiling with weak solution of potash, then washing with 
water, and is finally allowed to congeal into a white crystalline 
mass, somewhat resembling wax. Its low, melting point, 
50°C. (i22°F.), combined with its solidity when cold, makes 
it a valuable addition to many ointments and cerates, giving 
them a firm consistence, but allowing them to be readily 
worked or softened. 

Uses. — Spermaceti is employed in pharmacy to give con- 
sistence to ointments, etc., and as an ingredient in several toilet 
preparations, Cranes, etc. It is also used to give a gloss to 
starch. In medicine it is frequently given to allay internal 
irritation. It may be powdered by fusing it and rubbing 
it in a mortar until cold. Mixed with three times its weight 
of sugar it is the Saccharated Spermaceti considerable pre- 
scribed in France and Germany. 



CHARTS — PAPERS. 

In pharmacy a few medicinally prepared papers for various 
purposes are known, of which three are official in the U. S. P., 
and two in the new Br. P. They may readily be prepared by 
druggists. The following are the official papers : 

404. Charta Cantharides, U. S. 

CantJiarides Paper. 

White Wax, 4 ounces av. 

Spermaceti, ij4 ounces av. 

Olive Oil 2 fl. ounces. 

Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir), l / 2 ounce av. 

Cantharides in No. 40 powder, . % ounce av. 

Water, 5 fl. ounces. 

Mix all the substances in a tinned vessel and boil gently for 
two hours, constantly stirring; strain through a woolen 



228 CHARTS — PAPERS. 

strainer without expressing, and-, by means of a water-bath, 
keep the mixture in a liquid state in a shallow, flat-bottomed 
vessel with an extended surface. Coat strips of sized paper 
with the melted plaster, on one side only, by passing them 
successively over the surface of the liquid. When dry cut the 
stripes into rectangular pieces. 

Uses. — This is used for producing blisters, and is first to 
be rubbed over with a little oil of turpentine or alcohol and 
then applied. 



405. Charta Epispastica. Br. 

Blistering Paper. 

White Wax 4 ounces av. 

Spermaceti 1^ ounces av. 

Olive Oil 2 fl. ounces. 

Resin, ^ ounce av. 

Canada Balsam, % ounce av. 

Cantharides in powder, .... 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, 6 fl. ounces. 

The directions for making are essentially the same as the 
preceding. It contains double the quantity of cantharides. 



406. Charta Potassii Nitratis, U. S. 

Nitrate of Potassium Paper. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 2 ounces. 

Distilled Water 8 ounces. 

" Dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium in the Distilled Water; 
immerse stripes of white unsized paper in the solution and 
dry them." 

Coarse straw paper is better than white paper for this 
purpose. 

Uses. — This is chiefly used for asthma, or to sprinkle 
asthmatic remedies upon and ignite, that their smoke or 
vapor may be inhaled. 



CHART.-E — PAPERS. 229 






407. Charta Sinapis. 

Mustard Paper. 

The following is the U. S. 1S80 formula, adapted to water- 
bath percolation : 

Black Mustard, in No. 60 powder, ) 

■Benzin, f each a sufficient 

Solution of Gutta-Percha, . . \ q uantlt y- 

Pack the Mustard firmly in the water-bath percolator and 
gradually pour Benzin upon it ; pour hot water in the water- 
bath surrounding the percolator, and percolate with the Benzin 
until the percolate ceases to produce a permanent greasy 
stain upon blotting paper. (This operation is for the pur- 
pose of removing the fixed oil from the Mustard.) Remove 
the powder from the percolator and dry it by exposure to the 
air. Then mix with it sufficient Solution of Gutta-Percha 
to give it a semi-liquid consistence, and apply with a brush to 
one side of heavy, well-sized paper, and allow to dry. Each 
square inch of the paper should contain about 6 grains of 
Mustard. The Br. formula is similar to the U. S., 1870. 

Mustard in powder, I ounce av. 

Solution of Gutta-Percha, about, ... 2 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Mustard with the Gutta-Percha solution so as to 
form a semi-fluid mixture, and having poured this into a 
shallow-vessel pass strips of cartridge-paper over its surface, 
so that one side of the paper shall receive a thin coating of 
the mixture. 

Uses. — Mustard Paper is much used as a counter-irritant 
in neuralgia and many other diseases. Before applying it 
should first be immersed in warm water for about 15 seconds. 

Other Papers. 

Besides the foregoing official papers which are employed in 
medicine, others are known and sometimes used for applica- 
tions and other purposes. A variety of papers are also made 
for various purposes, useful in pharmacy as test papers, 
parchment paper for dialysing, filtering paper, carbon paper 



230 CHARTVE — PAPERS. 



for duplicating, etc. The more important papers are as 
follows : 

408. Antiasthmatic Paper.— Unsized gray filtering paper, 6 ounces ; 
nitrate of potassium in fine powder, 3 ounces ; belladonna, stramonium, 
digitalis, lobelia, and water-fennel, all in fine powder, % ounce each ; myrrh 
and olibanum in powder, y 2 ounce each. Tear up the filtering paper, and 
soak in water until soft ; press out the water and beat the mass into a pulp, 
with which incorporate the powders ; put into suitable moulds and dry. This 
may be moulded similar to pastils, which see. 

409. Antirheumatic Paper. — Euphorbium, 1 ounce ; cantharides, y z ounce ; 
alcohol, 5 ounces. Macerate for one week, filter and add resin, 2 ounces ; 
turpentine (gum), \% ounces. This makes a varnish, which is to be brushed 
over thin paper. 

410. Gout Paper— Papier Fayard. — Euphorbium, 1 part; cantharides, 
2 parts, both in fine powder ; are digested with alcohol, 8 parts ; ether, 3 
parts, in a stoppered bottle for a week, with frequent agitation. The tincture 
is then strained or filtered, one part of Venice turpentine added, and thin, 
white paper dipped in the solution. This is considerably used as a counter- 
irritant for rheumatism, neuralgia, gout, etc. 

411. Copying Paper. — Thin, strong, soft paper is prepared in various 
ways for duplicating writing with a pencil or style. Black is the color most 
commonly used, but other colors are employed for tracing patterns, etc. 
The black copying paper is known in the market as carbon paper, and is 
made by mixing lampblack with lard, palm oil, or, preferably, with petrolatum, 
and rubbing the paper thoroughly over with the mixture, then, after standing 
a few hours, rubbing off the superfluous grease with a flannel rag. The 
operation should be conducted in a warm room, so that the pigment will be 
absorbed by the paper, and when rubbed off it will retain only enough for 
the purpose of copying, and not crock the paper being used for the writing. 
By placing alternate sheets of paper and copying paper, several duplicates 
may be obtained with one writing. This is called " Manifold " writing. 
Other colors may be made in the same manner, by using other pigments, as 
vermilion or other reds for red; umber or other browns for brown; 
chrome green for greeti ; chrome yellow for yellow, etc. For tracing 
patterns, heavier paper is generally used. 

412. Fly Paper.— Two kinds of papers for destroying flies are found on 
the market — the poison and the sticky fly papers. They are generally pro- 
prietary, but can readily be made by druggists, and afford a large profit. 

Poison Fly Paper. — This is prepared by dipping coarse paper, made from 
woolen rags, into some kind of poison solution, and drying by hanging on 
lines. The poison solution may be made as follows : 

White Arsenic (Arsenious Acid) 4 pounds av. 

Concentrated Lye 1 pound av. 

Water, 10 gallons. 



CHARTS — PAPERS. 231 

Dissolve the Concentrated Lye or caustic soda in the water and boil the 
solution, gradually adding the Arsenic, and continuing to boil until it is dis- 
solved, then while still warm dip the paper in it, and hang on lines to dry. 
The paper thus prepared is cut into small sheets, put in saucers or plates, 
and water poured upon them, which dissolves the Arsenic. The flies drink 
of the water and die. 

Other substances may be used for making the solution, as tartar emetic, 
corrosive sublimate, etc.; but the Arsenic is probably the best and 
cheapest. 

Sticky Fly Paper. — This is a very popular paper for destroying flies, 
because it holds them, and they do not drop around and into things, as is 
the case when poison paper is used. It may be made in a variety of ways ; 
but the best and cheapest is made as follows : 

Resin 2 pounds. 

Cotton Seed or " Salad " Oil, about, 8 ounces. 

Melt the Resin, and add to it half a pint of the oil. Owing to the differ- 
ence in Resin more or less oil may be required ; the object is to have it, 
when spread upon paper, sticky enough to hold the flies, yet not stiff enough 
so but when the paper is folded it may readily be pulled apart without 
tearing. A little may be spread upon paper and tested, then more oil or 
Resin may be added if necessary. This is spread, while warm, with a brush, 
spatula, muller, or other convenient utensil, upon sheets of firm, sized, white, 
or manilla paper, leaving a margin unspread, the paper is then folded 
together, and pulled apart when wanted for use. 

413. Oiled Paper. — This is used in pharmacy for doing up packages of 
chemicals or other substances which are affected by moisture or air ; also for 
capping bottles, jars, etc. It may be made by brushing sheets of paper of 
any desired thickness with boiled linseed oil, and drying them on a line. 
Oiled card board is used in copying-books for copying letters. 

414. Parchment Paper, — Used in pharmacy for dialysing and for cover- 
ing jars, capping bottle tops, etc. It is prepared from strong, white, unsized 
paper by dipping it for half a minute in strong sulphuric acid, diluted with 
a quarter of its measure of water, and then, after standing a few moments, 
into water containing a small quantity of ammonia. 

415. Test Papers. — Various kinds of test papers are used in pharmacy — 
the most used and best known being blue and red litmus paper, for detecting 
the presence of acids or alkalies. 

Blue Litmits Paper is made by dipping strips of filter-paper into an infu- 
sion of Litmus, made as follows : Triturate 1 ounce of Litmus in a mortar 
with 4 ounces of boiling water; pour off the liquid and add more boiling 
water in two or three portions until half a pint of the solution altogether is 
obtained. When cold, filter the solution and divide the filtrate into two equal 
portions ; into one of these add with a glass rod a very small quantity of 



232 CHART.E — PAPERS. CHEMICALS. 



sulphuric acid until it begins to be very slightly red ; then mix the two por- 
tions again and dip the paper in them as directed. 

Blue litmus paper is a delicate test for acids, which turn it red. 

Red Litmus Papa-. — To the solution of blue litmus prepared as above 
add sulphuric acid gradually by dipping a glass rod in it and then in the 
solution of litmus until it has a distinctly red color. Dip strips of filtering 
paper into this solution and dry. 

Red litmus paper is a delicate test for alkalies, which turn it blue. 

Tumeric Paper. — This is a yellow paper, sometimes directed to be used 
as a test for alkalies, which turn it brown. It is also turned brown by boric 
acid and soluble borates. It is made by boiling 2 ounces of tumeric in one 
pint of water, and dipping strips of paper in the decoction. 

416. Tracing Paper.— For tracing drawings, designs, patterns, etc., 
thin, unsized white paper is made semi-transparent by applying to it with a 
brush a varnish made with equal parts of Canada Balsam and Oil of Tur- 
pentine, and drying by hanging on a line. It may also be made by applying 
a mixture of equal parts of Cotton Seed Oil and Oil of Turpentine ; but the 
excess of oil must be absorbed by rubbing it over as soon as applied with 
flour or starch. The latter is more flexible than the former, but not so 
transparent. 

417. Waxed or Paraffin Paper. — This may be made in a small way by 
dipping sheets of thin paper into a vessel of melted paraffin, and afterwards 
ironing them over with a hot flat-iron. Commercially, it is made by passing 
paper through rollers heated by steam and fed with melted paraffin. This 
paper is useful in pharmacy for covering over ointments, etc., and wrapping 
around packages of camphor ice, cosmetics, etc., to prevent them greasing 
the packages in which they are contained. It is much used by grocers to 
cover packages of lard, butter, or other greasy substances. 

Besides the foregoing " papers," which may readily be made by drug- 
gists, Filtering Paper is an essential in pharmacy. It is made only by 
manufacturers who make a business of it. The best Swedish filtering paper 
is made of pure flax fibres, very finely crushed and broken ; the white English 
papers have some cotton mixed with the flax ; while the common gray circu- 
lar papers of French, Dutch, and English manufacture, contain consider- 
able wool, jute, and esparto grass, making them more porous and rapid 
filters than the other varieties, but not suited for fine chemical work. 



CHEMICALS. 



As known in pharmacy, "Chemicals" are products of the 
laboratory, or natural substances, having definite molecular 



CHEMICALS. CHLORAL. 233 



composition and characteristics by which they may be known 
and recognized. They differ from " Pharmaceuticals," in thus 
having a definite chemical composition, while the latter are 
merely mixtures or compounds of substances without definite 
chemical proportion. 

Chemicals, as they are thus understood, include the metals 
and non-metals, the acids, the alkalies, and the alkaloids, 
together with the salts, which are produced by combining 
them. They are mostly made by manufacturing chemists, 
although many of them may readily be prepared by druggists. 
In this work the principal chemicals are noticed under the 
classes to which they properly belong, as AciDA, ALKALOIDES, 
etc., or the elementary substances which form the bases of the 
compounds, as Arsenicum, Bismuthum, etc. 

For more complete description and classification of chem- 
icals, the reader is referred to FENNER'S Practical Chemis- 
try, or other standard chemical text-books. 



CHLORAL. 

C 2 HC1 3 0. 

A peculiar oily liquid, obtained by the action of Chlorine 
on alcohol, first discovered and named by Liebig, is chemi- 
cally known as Chloral. 

Some confusion is liable to occur, because the 1880 U. S. P. 
has designated the substance known commercially as Hydrate 
of Chloral simply by the name " Chloral." 

The following describes the process of making both Chloral 
and Hydrate of Chl&ral : 

418. Chloral, U. S., Chloral Hydras, Br. 

Hydrate of Chloral. 

C.HCI3O.H0O. 

Chloral and Hydrate of Chloral are prepared by manufac- 
turing chemists, by passing dry chlorine gas for several weeks 



234 CHLORAL. 



into absolute alcohol contained in a suitable vessel, until it 
becomes a thick oily liquid of sp. gr. 1.502. At first the 
alcohol is cooled by surrounding the vessel with ice to 
prevent explosion, but when no more will be absorbed 
toward the end of the operation, it is heated to nearly the 
boiling point, 6o°C. (i40°F.) The liquid thus obtained is 
Chloral. To purify it, it is agitated with four times its bulk of 
concentrated sulphuric acid for several hours at a temperature 
of 6o°C. (i40°F.), most of the hydrochloric acid escaping. 
The Chloral then separates as an oily layer on the top, and is 
further purified by distilling over calcium carbonate. This is 
pure Anhydrous Chloral. To make Hydrate of Chloral, it is 
mixed in glass vessels with the required quantity of water, and 
allowed to solidify into a cake, or " crust." This may be fur- 
ther purified by dissolving it in chloroform, benzin, or ethyliden 
chloride, and crystallizing, and it is mostly used at present in 
this form. Chemically, Chloral is an aldehyd derivative, known 
as trichloraldehyd. 

Uses. — Chloral is a hypnotic, used in delirium, nervous 
irritability, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains, usually 
given in flavored syrup as syrup of ginger or orange. 



419. Camphor-Chloral. 

When Hydrate of Chloral and Camphor in nearly equal 
quantities are rubbed together in a mortar, the two solids unite 
and form a syrupy liquid, which is often employed for tooth- 
ache, facial neuralgia, and other painful affections. It may be 
made as follows : 

Camphor, 5 parts or drachms. 

Hydrate of Chloral, 4 parts or drachms. 

Rub the Camphor, by the aid of a few drops of alcohol, to 
a powder, and add the Chloral, rubbing them together until 
they become liquid. 

This may be diluted if desired by mixing it with alcohol and 
glycerin equal parts. When thus prepared it may be used as 
an anodyne application or liniment, or may be given internally. 



CHLORINE. 235 



CHLORINE. 

Symbol, CI.; Atomic weight, 35.4. 

Chlorine is a gaseous element of greenish-yellow color and 
suffocating odor. Its specific gravity is 2.45. It was discovered 
by Scheele in 1774, and was, later on, classed with the elements, 
and named, from its color, by Davy. 

Chlorine combines with every other element except fluorine, 
and is therefore of great interest and importance. It possesses 
wonderful bleaching properties, and is largely used in the arts 
for this purpose. It is also a powerful disinfectant. Its com- 
pounds with the alkali metals are of great industrial value and 
application, and its salts form a large class of chemicals useful 
in pharmacy and medicine. It combines with other elements 
forming chlorides, and in combination with oxacids unites with 
bases, forming chlorates and perchlorates. 

Chlorine may be obtained by heating hydrochloric acid with 
peroxide of manganese in a flask and collecting the gas ; but 
is prepared commercially in apparatus specially constructed 
for the purpose. 

The only preparation in which Chlorine is exhibited in a free 
state is in Chlorine water, which was formerly official in the 
U. S. P., and is now official in the Br. P. under the title 



420. Liquor-Chlori, or Aqua-Chlori. 

Solution of Chlorine, Chlorine Water. 
The British formula is as follows : 

Hydrochloric Acid, 6 fl. ounces. 

Black Oxide of Manganese, 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, 34 fl. ounces. 

Put the Oxide of Manganese into a gas bottle, and having 
poured upon it the hydrochloric acid diluted with two ounces 
of the water, apply heat gently, and by suitable tubes cause 
the gas developed to pass through two ounces of the water 



23C> CHLORINE. 

placed in an intermediate small phial, and thence to the bot- 
tom of a three-pint (6o-ounce) bottle, containing the remainder 
of the water, etc. When the gas has all been generated, shake 
the bottle that the gas may be absorbed by the water. 

Uses. — Chlorine Water is employed as an antiseptic wash 
and gargle, especially for diphtheria and ulcerated sore throat. 
It is also given internally in fevers and other septic disorders, 
in doses of from 10 to 30 minims, largely diluted with water. 



Acids of Chlorine. 

421. Hypochlorous Acids — HCIO— may be made by agitating chlorine 
water with red precipitate, and distilling the liquid, to separate the solution 
of the gas from the Chloride of Mercury, which results from the reaction. 

422. Chlorous Acid — HC10 2 . — Made by heating together in a glass 
flask in a water-bath Chlorate of Potassium 4 parts, Arsenic 3 parts, Nitric 
Acid 1 2 parts, Water 4 parts. The gas generated by the operation is con- 
ducted by a bent tube into a receiver, containing water. It is a great bleach- 
ing and oxidizing agent. 

423. Chloric Acid — HC10 3 . — This may be made by decomposing Chlo- 
rate of Barium with an equivalent quantity of pure diluted sulphuric acid, 
and evaporating the liquid poured off from the precipitate, in vacuo, over 
strong sulphuric acid. Although this is the acid basis of the Chlorates, it is 
seldom used in pharmacy. 

424. Hydrochloric Acid — HC1. — This is the only compound of hydro- 
gen and Chlorine known. It was formerly called Muriatic Acid. It is 
obtained chiefly as a by-product in the manufacture of soda-ash from com- 
mon salt by heating to a high temperature with sulphuric acid, by which 
process sulphate of sodium is formed, and hydrochloric acid liberated in the 
form of gas ; this is then purified and dissolved in water by various methods, 
forming the Hydrochloric Acid of Commerce, which contains 31.9 per cent, 
of the gaseous acid. It is frequently called for as Spirit of Salt or Oil of 
Salt. It is the acid basis of the Chlorides, and is much used in pharmacy 
and the arts. See page 60. 

425. Perchloric Acid — HC10 4 . — By distilling pure dry Perchlorate of 
Potassium with four times its weight of boiled, concentrated sulphuric acid and 
collecting the distillate. 

Besides the combinations of hydrogen and oxygen with chlorine, it forms 
compounds with someother acids, as Chlorochromic Acid, CrOCl, Chloro- 
carbonic Acid, COCl 2 , etc., and with elements as Chloride of Bromine, etc. 



CHLOROFORUM — CHLOROFORM. CHOCOLATA. 237 



426. CHLOROFORUM — CHLOROFORM. 

CHCI3. 

Chloroform is a derivative of aldehyd, known chemically as 
trichlormethane. Several methods of preparing it are employed 
by manufacturing chemists, the most familiar being by the 
action of chlorinated lime on alcohol. A recent process is 
now employed, commercially, by which wood or sawdust is 
decomposed at a high temperature, and chloroform prepared 
from the crude acetates obtained at a much lower cost of pro- 
duction. 

The uses of Chloroform as an anaesthetic, narcotic and seda- 
tive are well known. It is employed internally as a sedative 
and narcotic, in doses of from 1 to 10 minims, largely diluted ; 
and externally as a counter-irritant and sedative in liniments, 
and applications for neuralgia, pain, etc. 

The U. S. P. recognizes two preparations of Chloroform, 
namely, Purified Chloroform and Commercial Chloroform. 
The Br. P. mentions only Chloroform, which corresponds with 
the U. S. Purified Chloroform. Commercial Chloroform should 
only be used externally. Purified Chloroform may be used 
externally, internally, or by inhalation, and is now quite gen- 
erally used by druggists for all purposes. 

As the processes for making Chloroform are somewhat com- 
plicated, and it is seldom made except by manufacturing 
chemists, they are not here repeated. 

Chloroform should have a specific gravity of about 1.490. 
It is soluble in about 200 parts of water, and in all proportions 
in ether and alcohol. It is not inflammable like ether. Prepa- 
rations containing Chloroform will be found under their appro- 
priate headings. 



427. CHOCOLATA. 

Chocolate and Cocoa. 

Chocolate is prepared from the roasted seeds of Tkeobroma 
Cacao, deprived of their husks or "shell." Its manufacture in 



238 CHOCOLATA. CHROMIUM. 

this country, although confined to only a few establishments, 
constitutes an important industry. 

To prepare Chocolate, the seeds, which are somewhat like 
small acorns, are roasted, then decorticated, or deprived of 
their covering or husks. The kernel is then ground in a mill, 
and made into a paste with heated metal rollers. It is then 
run into cakes. Chocolate, as thus prepared, contains consid- 
erable fatty matter, known as Oleum Theobrojiup, or Butter of 
Cacao. By mixing it with warm water, most of the oil rises to 
the top and is removed. The precipitate is collected, dried, 
and variously prepared, and is known on the market as COCOA. 

Chocolate and Cocoa are extensively used as nutritive 
drinks, for which they are more esteemed than tea and coffee. 
In confectionery vast quantities are used, chocolate confec- 
tionery being the universal favorite. In pharmacy Chocolate 
is frequently used in confections, for covering the taste of dis- 
agreeable medicines, and sometimes in making simple elixir 
to which it gives an agreeable flavor. It is extensively used, 
made into a syrup for the soda fountain. 

A variety of proprietary tablets, containing Chocolate as a 
base, have formerly been put upon the market, but as they are 
liable to become wormy or spoil, they have mostly been with- 
drawn. 

It is quite a common error to suppose that Chocolate and 
Cocoa are prepared from the well-known Cocoanut, the fruit 
of Cocus Nucifera, instead of the small acorn-like nuts or fruit 
of TJicobroma Cacao. 



CHROMIUM. 

Symbol, Cr. ; Atomic weight, 52.4. 

The element Chromium is a very hard, brittle, grayish-white 
metal. It was discovered by Vauquelin in 1797, and is obtained 
by igniting its oxide with charcoal at an intense heat. It 
occurs in nature in the form of ore combined with iron 
(chrome-iron ore) with lead and some other metals. 

Some of its salts are extensively used in dyeing, and two or 



CHROMIUM. 239 



three of them in pharmacy and medicine. Chromic Acid or 
Anhydride and Bichromate of Potassium are the only prepa- 
rations of Chromium, which are used to any extent in medicine. 
The latter is noticed with the potassium salts. 



428. Acidum Chromicum. 

Chromic Anhydride — Chromic Acid. 
C1-O3. 

With oxygen Chromium forms five compounds, namely, 
Chromous oxide, CrO, Chromium dioxide, CrO s , Chromium 
trioxide, Cr0 3 , Chromic oxide, Cr 2 3 , trichromic tetroxide, 
Cr 3 4 . 

The Trioxide of Chromium is the official chromic anhydride, 
or, as it is more commonly known, Chromic Acid. It is pre- 
pared according to the 1885 Br. P. as follows: 

Bichromate of Potassium, .... 30 ounces av. 
Sulphuric Acid (Imp. measure), . . 57 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in a mixture of 50 
fl. ounces of water and 42 fl. ounces of the acid, set aside 
for 12 hours, and decant the liquor from the crystals 
of acid sulphate of potassium that have separated. Heat 
the liquor to about 185 F. (85 C), and add the remainder of 
the acid and water sufficient to just redissolve any crystals of 
chromic acid that may have formed. Allow to cool, collect 
and drain the crystals, and dry them on porous tiles at a tem- 
perature not exceeding ioo° F. in an air-bath. From the 
mother liquor more crystals may be obtained on evaporation. 

Uses. — Chromic Acid is a caustic and antiseptic, and is 
used for removing warts and other morbid growths. ■ It is not 
given internally. Some other Chromium Compounds arc 
known and sometimes used, as Bromide 0/ Chromium, Cr 2 Br , 
Dicidoridc of Chromium, CrCl 2 , Fluoride of Chromium, Cr 2 Fl , 
Iodide of Chromium, Crl r ,, Sulphate of Chromium, Cr 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , 
but they are usually furnished by chemists when wanted. 



240 COBALTUM — COBALT. COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 

COBALTUM — COBALT. 

Symbol, Co; Atomic weight, 58.9; sp. gr. 8.5. 

An elementary metal, classed chemically with nickel and 
tin, and usually found in nickel and arsenical ores. It is a 
tough, brittle, white metal when pure ; but the " Cobalt " 
which is sold in the stores as Flystojie is a native ore, contain- 
ing arsenic, CoAs 3 , and owes its value as a fly poison to the 
arsenic it contains. 

The black Oxide of Cobalt is much employed in the arts, 
especially as a basis of fine pigments, as its salts produce 
rich colors. The acetate, chloride, nitrate and sulphate of 
Cobalt are used for making sympathetic inks, which are invisi- 
ble on the paper, but may be developed by moisture, 
heat, etc. 

Barometer Paper is made by dipping white paper in a soluticn 
of Chloride of Cobalt. When dry the color is blue, but 
increased moisture in the atmosphere changes the color to 
pink. 

The Salts of Cobalt are not employed in medicine, and are 
seldom used in pharmacy, except as above noted. They may 
be made in a general way by dissolving the oxide or carbonate 
of Cobalt in acids, and crystallizing or precipitating. 



COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 

Collodions are liquid preparations made by dissolving 
pyroxylin or gun-cotton in a mixture of ether and alcohol, 
and adding other substances if desired. Their value consists 
chiefly in forming a coating upon the surface to which they are 
applied, which is utilized in the arts for various purposes, and 
in medicine for the application of medicinal substances, or the 
protection of the parts to which they are applied. 

The volatile liquids which are contained in Collodions rapidly 



COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 241 



evaporate when exposed to the air or applied to a surface, 
leaving a thin flexible covering or skin. 

The following are the official Collodions ; 



429. Collodium. 

Collodion. 

Pyroxylin, or Gun-Cotton, .... y 2 ounce av. 

Stronger Ether 11^3 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol 2,7/q fl. ounces. 

Add the Alcohol to the Pyroxylin in a bottle and let stand 
for 15 minutes, then add the Ether, and shake the mixture 
occasionally for several days until the Pyroxylin is dissolved, 
set aside, and when all sediment has subsided decant the clear 
portion and keep in tightly stopped bottles away from light 
or fire. 

This is substantially the U. S. 1880 formula. The Br. for- 
mula is Pyroxylin ]/ 2 ounce, Ether 18 fl. ounces, Rectified 
Spirit 6 fl. ounces, making a preparation containing only about 
two thirds as much gun-cotton as the former. 

Uses.— In the arts Collodion has been extensively employed 
in photography. In pharmacy, it is used as a basis for making 
several preparations, and in surgery, it is considerably used 
as a dressing for wounds, bruises, etc., forming a false mem- 
brane or skin over the surface. It is an ingredient of most 
of the popular corn cures, chiefly on account of its conveni- 
ence of application. 

430. Collodium cum Cantharide, U. S. 

Collodion with Cantharides^ Cantharidal Collodion. 

The U. S. P., [880, directs this to be made by percolating 
60 parts of powdered Cantharides with commercial Chloroform 
until 250 pails of tincture are obtained, then to recover by 
distillation 200 parts of the Chloroform, evaporate the residue 
to 15 parts, and dissolve in 85 parts of flexible collodion to 
make 1 00 parts. 



242 COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 

The following formula is essentially the same, and is to be 
preferred, as it makes a stronger and better preparation : 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Cantharides (in fine powder). ... 8 ounces av. 

Pyroxylin, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir), . 320 grains. 

Castor Oil, 160 grains. 

Stronger Ether, 1 15/ 8 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, . . . 3^-8 fl. ounces. 

Commercial Chloroform, a sufficient quantity. 

Pack the Cantharides firmly in the water-bath percolator, 
and pour upon it a pint of Chloroform, adjusting the cover 
tightly on the percolator. Pour water heated to about 150 
degrees in the water-bath which surrounds the percolator, and 
keep at a moderate heat for half an hour; then remove from 
the fire and begin to percolate, adding Chloroform to the drug 
in the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the 
Cantharides is exhausted, or until about 20 fl. ounces have 
passed. Distill off the Chloroform until only 2 ounces of the 
extract remains. When cool, add to this extract the other 
ingredients which have previously been made into Flexible 
Collodion, by mixing them together, as directed for making 
Collodion and Flexible Collodion, and, after standing without 
agitation for 48 hours, pour off from any sediment that may 
have subsided. 

The Chloroform remaining in the drug after percolation 
may be recovered by adjusting the still top and distilling as 
directed. 

The corresponding British preparation is as follows : 

COLLODIUM VESICANS. 
Blistering Collodion. 

Blistering Liquid (Tmp. measure), . . 20 fl. ounces. 
Pyroxylin, 1 ounce av. 

Add the Pyroxylin to the liquid in a stoppered bottle, and 
shake them together until the former is dissolved. The 



COLLODIA — COLLODIONS. 243 

blistering liquid directed to be used is the Liquor Epispasticus 

of the Br. P.. made from Cantharides and acetic ether. 

Uses. — Cantharidal Collodion is only used externally for 
blistering. It is best applied to the parts with a camel's-hair 
pencil. 

431. Collodium Flexile. 

Flexible Collodion. 

Collodion 92 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Canada Turpentine, ... 5 parts or 24 grains. 
Castor Oil 3 parts or 14 grains. 

Mix. As its name indicates, this is elastic or flexible. 



432. Collodium Stypticum. 

Styptic Collodion — Styptic Colloid. 

Tannic Acid, 4 parts or 160 grains. 

Alcohol, 1 part or 52 minims. 

Stronger Ether 4 parts or 220 minims. 

Collodion 55 parts or 1 1° A- ounces. 

Put the Tannic Acid in a bottle, add the Alcohol, Ether 
and Collodion, and agitate until dissolved. 

Uses. — As its name indicates, this is used as an astringent 
and styptic. 

Tin- following unofficial Collodions are sometimes called for: 

433. Antiseptic, Styptic Collodion. 

Tannic Acid 120 grains. 

Benzoic Acid 120 grains. 

Carbolic Acid 240 grains. 

Collodion, 6 11. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. This is sometimes called Hemostatic Collodion. 

434. Iodinal Collodion. 

Iodine 120 grains. 

Canada Turpentine 2 ll. drachms. 

( lollodion ^ fl .ounces. 



244 O M.I.i )DI A — COLLODIONS. COLORES — COLORS. 

Or 

Iodine, 15 grains. 

Flexible Collodion i flounce. 

The former formula was originally published by J. T. Shinn. It is used 
as an absorbent application. 

435. Iodoform Collodion. 

Iodoform 30 grains. 

Balsam of Peru 30 grains. 

Green Soap 3° grains. 

Flexible Collodion, sufficient quantity to make 4.80 grains. 

Mix. An antiseptic dressing for ulcers, sores, etc. 

436. Liebig's Corn Collodion. 

German Com Ciire. 

The following formula has been extensively published and used as a corn 
remedy, its chief advantage being its convenience of application : 

Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 

Extract of Indian Hemp, 60 grains. 

Collodion, 10 fl. drachms. 

Mix and dissolve. 

437. Styptic Colloid. 

Chloride of Iron (the Salt) 60 grains. 

Collodion, ' I fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the Iron Salt in the Collodion. This is an excellent styptic for 
checking the flow of blood, and for erysipelas, etc. 

Besides the foregoing Collodions, there are a great variety which apply 
particularly to photography, the formulae for which appear in books and 
journals upon that subject. Some other medicinal Collodions are also made : 
such as Aconite Collodion, Belladonna Collodion, Morphine Collodion, etc., 
but they are prepared by mixing alcoholic fluid extracts of the drugs with 
Collodion, and do not require special formulas. 



COLORES -COLORS. 

In pharmacy a variety of preparations are made for coloring 
various medicinal and toilet preparations, juices, solutions, 
syrups, extracts, powders, etc. They are very properly divided 



COLORES — COLORS. 245 



into several classes, which will be considered in the order of 
their importance in pharmacy. Many of the substances from 
which they are made will be noticed under other headings, as 
Anilina, Tinctoria, etc. 

Coloring Liquids. 

These are designed for coloring medicinal preparations, solu- 
tions, juices, syrups, extracts, spirits, liquors, cordials, elixirs, 
and all liquids in which it is necessary to use a harmless color- 
ing ingredient. They must, as a rule, make clear, transparent 
preparations when combined with aqueous solutions, or with 
spirits containing 50 per cent, of alcohol. 



438. Caramel. 

Solution of Caramel, Burnt Sugar Coloring. (Brown.) 

Sugar, any convenient quantity. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Put the Sugar (without water) into an iron kettle of several 
times the capacity required for it, heat it to 410 to 430 F. as 
long as it gives off any vapor, and until it is changed to a black, 
viscid mass, stirring it occasionally during the operation, then 
cool, and while cooling add hot water in the proportion of one 
pint for each pound of the sugar used, let stand to dissolve, 
strain the solution, and concentrate it by evaporation to a 
syrupy consistence, or until it measures a pint for each pound 
of sugar used. 

As ordinarily made, no precaution is taken to regulate the 
degree of heat, and for that reason a portion is converted into 
charcoal, which is insoluble. In small operations this is unini 
portant, but in manufacturing establishments the heat is regu- 
lated by an oil or sand-bath, or other means, to avoid this 
difficulty. 

Uses. -Caramel is extensively used for coloring liquors, 
bottled beverages, and in soda-water. syrups, etc. In pharmacy 
it is employed for coloring syrups, solutions, elixirs, wines, and 
other liquids, which are required t<> have an artificial brown 



240 COLORES — COLORS. 



coloring. A reddish-brown is made by mixing caramel with 
red coloring. 

Preparations containing more than 50 per cent, of alcohol 
precipitate this coloring, and it may be obtained pure in the 
form of a mass or powder by pouring it into strong alcohol, 
and afterwards washing the precipitate with alcohol. 

439. Carmine Coloring. 

Solution of Carmine. (Red.) 

Carmine, No. 40, 120 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium (Salts of Tartar), 60 grains. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Water of Ammonia, x / 2 fl. ounce. 

Water, . . - 5 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Carmine with the Salts of Tartar to a fine powder, 
and then with the Glycerin, Water of Ammonia, and lastly 
with the Water, added in successive portions to rinse out the 
mortar. This is a strong red coloring, easily made, and will 
keep permanently. 

Uses. — This solution may be used for coloring all neutral 
elixirs, solutions, tinctures, syrups, etc., which do not contain 
a large percentage of alcohol. It is precipitated by acids, and 
cannot therefore be employed for coloring acid syrups, etc. 
It makes a fine Red ox Carmine Ink, and may be perfumed by 
diluting with an equal quantity of Orange Flower or Rose 
Water, and used as u Liquid Ronge." It may be used for giving 
a " flesh" tint to liquid face cosmetics, and may be mixed with 
face powders to give them the same. 

440. Cochineal Red. 

Cochineal, 1 pound av. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), . . 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Grind the Cochineal to a coarse powder, mix the alcohol 
with one pint of Water, and dissolve the Sal Soda in the mix- 



COLORES — COLORS. 247 



ture, moisten the powder with the liquid, put in a water-bath 
percolator, pour upon it the remainder of the liquid, allow to 
stand 24 hours, heat moderately for one hour, then percolate, 
adding water to the drug after the liquid has disappeared from 
the surface, and continuing the percolation until 1^ pints of 
the percolate have passed, which reserve, continue the perco- 
lation with water until a pint more has passed, which evapo- 
rate to 4 fl. ounces, and add to the reserved portion. 

Uses. — This may be used the same as the Carmine solution 
for coloring all neutral elixirs, syrups, etc. When added to an 
acid preparation the color is very much weakened, and a pre- 
cipitate eventually forms. 

441. Cochineal Fruit Red. 

Cochineal, I pound av. 

Cream of Tartar 2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 
Make in the same manner as No. 440. 

Uses. — This coloring may be used with fruit juices or 
syrups, wines or other mildly acid preparations, and gives with 
them a bright reel color. It may also be used with neutral 
liquids. 

442. Cudbear Red. 

Cudbear I pound av. 

.Alcohol I pint. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

olate and proceed in the same manner as is directed for 
making Cochineal Red (440). This is also known as Tinctura 
Persionis. 

Uses. — This makes an excellent red coloring, which maybe 
used for all neutral and arid preparations. It is similar to 
most of the " Fruil Coloring" that is sold by dealers in soda- 
water supplies. Acids brighten but do not weaken its color; 

with alkalies it gives a purple color. 



248 Co I. ORES — COLORS. 



443. Grass-Green. 

Fresh Lawn Grass, . * . . an)- convenient quantity. 
Alcohol, a sufficiency. 

Cut the grass fine, put it in a wide-mouthed bottle, as com- 
pactly as possible, and cover it with alcohol, let stand a few 
days, with occasional agitation, and pour off the liquid, which 
will be a dark-green color. The Cliloropliyll of the grass is 
dissolved by the alcohol. 

Uses. — This is used for coloring bay rum, and some liquors 
and cordials. As it is only slightly soluble in water, it is not 
recommended for aqueous preparations, a solution of sap- 
green being used for these. 

444. Lemon-Yellow. 

For coloring Extract of Lemon or other spiritous solutions 
a natural lemon-yellow, chop the peel of lemons and cover 
them with alcohol, allow them to stand for a few weeks, then 
pour off the liquid. 

445. Fustic-Yellow. 

Ground Fustic Wood, 1 pound. 

Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Pack the Fustic in a percolator, pour sufficient diluted alco- 
hol upon it to cover it, and after standing 24 hours percolate, 
adding enough diluted alcohol through the percolator to make 
two pints of the percolate. 

Uses. — This may be used for imparting a yellow color to 
an} 7 preparation desired. For coloring Lemon Extract it is 
perhaps better to put the Fustic in the filter instead of using 
this. 

446. Litmus Blue. 

The method of making a solution of Litmus has already 
been described (415). This solution maybe used for coloring 
neutral preparations, but is changed to red if acid is present. 



COLORES — COLORS. 249 



447. Orange. 

For coloring orange flavoring extract made from Oil of 
Orange or other spiritous solutions a true orange color, chop 
the peels of oranges and cover them with alcohol, allow them 
to stand for a few weeks, then pour off the liquid. 

Saffron Orange may be made from Saffron in the same 
manner as 444, and is a fine coloring for many preparations. 

Tumeric, with alcoholic solutions, makes a light orange 
color. 

Annatto, or Arnatto, makes a reddish orange color in solu- 
tions. 



448. Butter Color. 

Alain- proprietary preparations have been extensively sold 
for coloring butter. The first put upon the market were solu- 
tions of the coloring principles of arnatto or annatto in strong 
alkali. These had the disadvantages of being unpalatable and 
coloring the buttermilk, making it unfit for use, but are still 
used for coloring cheese. For coloring butter, Oil colors which 
combine with the butter only, and do not color the butermilk, 
are now used entirely. The best Butter Color may be made 
from Aintattoine,t\\e. coloring principle of Annatto, as follows: 

Annattoine, 4 ounces av. 

Salad ( )il ( Purified Cotton Seed Oil) suffi- 
cient to make I gallon. 

Rub the Annattoine with a portion (say I pint) of the Salad 
( )il until it is a smooth mixture of uniform consistence. Grind 
the mixture very fine through a paint mill, or by continued 
rubbing in a mortar. Add it to the remainder of the Oil, and 
lie.ii by water-bath, with occasional stirring, for 4 hours or 
1 : then, when cool, strain or filter through paper. 

As thus prepared this is equal to any <>f the Butter Colors 
on the market, provided only the right materials be used in 
making it. The Annattoine must be free from adulteration, 
and the Salad ( )il free from odi ir. 



250 COLORES — COLORS. 



Colors for Powders, Etc. 

For coloring tooth powders and pastes and face powders, 
Solution of Carmine may be most advantageously used by first 
rubbing a portion of the powder thoroughly with it to form a 
stiff mass, and then incorporating this by rubbing with the 
remainder of the powder. If powdered carmine is used instead 
of the solution, great care must be taken to have it finely 
powdered and thoroughly mixed with the other ingredients. 

Other colors for powders are seldom required, but if they 
are, some harmless drug or pigment may be used, as charcoal 
or ivory black for black, tumeric for yellow, red saunders for a 
cheap red, etc. 

Show Bottle Colors. 

Colors for show bottles, to be satisfactory, must be bright, 
transparent, and permanent, able to stand the sunlight without 
precipitation and changes of temperature incident to the 
climate without freezing in winter or decomposing in summer. 
To meet all these requirements, solutions of mineral substances, 
containing a percentage of alcohol or acid sufficient to keep 
them, are generally best adapted. The aniline colors, although 
bright and beautiful, usually refract light, and are soon faded 
or decomposed by the action of sunlight. 

The following hints will be serviceable in preparing show- 
bottle colors : 

Use rain water or distilled water for making them, to avoid 
precipitates. 

If in a cold climate use 15 to 25 per cent, of alcohol to avoid 
freezing; in a warm climate much less, or even none, is 
required in most of the colors. 

Filtering properly is very important ; do not be satisfied 
until your colors are perfectly transparent. They may require 
to be filtered once or twice a year, but their improved appear- 
ance well repays the cost. 

Do not make the colors for the large globes too strong or 
dark ; deeper colors can be used in the small globes. 



COLORES — COLORS. 251 

The following colors are readily made, simple and inexpen- 
sive, and will be found satisfactory: 

449. Amber, Lemon or Orange. 

Any shade of yellow that may be desired, from a light amber or lemon 
to a deep orange, may be made by taking : 

Chromic Acid 5 to 60 grains. 

Water 1 gallon. 

Dissolve and filter. 

Bichromate of Potassium, which is usually used for making an amber 
color, deposits a coating of insoluble matter on the glass very difficult to 
remove, and soon renders the color dim. When Chromic Acid is used, this 
is avoided. 

450. Blue. 

Sulphate of Copper, Blue Vitriol 2 pounds av. 

Sulphuric Acid S rl. ounces. 

Warm Water sufficient to make a gallon. 
Dissolve the Blue Vitriol in the Water, add the Acid and filter. 

This makes a very Deep Blue ; a Medium Blue may be made by diluting 
one half with water, a Light Blue by diluting with from 4 to 8 parts of water, 
according to shade desired. A fine Blue may also be made by dissolving 
Copper in Nitric Acid, and diluting with water. 



451. Crimson. 

Alkanet Root 1 pound av. 

Oil of Turpentine 1 gallon. 

olate the Alkanet Root with the Oil of Turpentine. 

This may be made any lighter shade of crimson by diluting with Oil of 
Turpentine. This will not, of course, mix with other colors. 



452. Green. 

Add to each gallon of Blue from 10 to 60 grains of chromic Arid, accord- 
ing to >1 1 desired. An) shadi of Green from a deep Blue-Green 
to a ri'h ( Hive may he made by varying the quantity of ( :hromic Acid. For 
Medium Green dilute the Green thus made with an equal quantity ol 
for Light Green dilute with from 4 to 8 parts of watei to Lhi 



252 COLORES — COLORS. 



453. Red or Scarlet. 

Cudbear yi ounce av. 

Nitric Acid 4 rl. ounces. 

Water 1 gallon. 

Mix, allow to stand 24 hours, and filter. 

To make Medium Red, dilute with an equal quantity of water ; to make 
Light Ned, or Pink, dilute with 4 to 8 parts of water, as required to produce 
the desired tint. 

454. Violet. 

Cudbear 60 grains. 

Aqua Ammonia, 4 ounces. 

Water enough to make 1 gallon. 
Mix. allow to stand 24 hours and filter. For lighter shades of violet dilute 
with water. 

455. Wine Color. 

Caramel Solution sufficient. 

Water 7 pints. 

Alcohol, .... 1 pint. 

Mix sufficient of the Caramel with the Water and Alcohol to make the 
desired color, and filter. 

A wine color may also be made by dissolving a few grains of iodine in a 
pint of alcohol, and adding water sufficient to make a gallon, then a few 
drops of nitric acid until the right shade is produced. 

The foregoing are the principal colors used in show bottles, but as many 
more as may be desired may be made by combining them. Some of the 
aniline colors make very fine effects, but are not so permanent as the pre- 
ceding. If two or three colors are desired in one globe, amber, blue, or 
green may be used to partly fill the globe, and the crimson poured carefully 
upon it to fill. The turpentine color will remain permanently at the top. 

Many other substances which are naturally colored may be used in show 
bottles, as fruit juices mixed with alcohol and water, oils of various kinds, 
either natural or colored, etc., but the foregoing are the cheapest and best. 

Colored Fires. 

Although the manufacture of colored fires may not prop- 
erly be included in the practice of pharmacy, the druggist is 
frequently called upon to prepare them. 

The following formulae are designed for making fires suit- 
able for theatrical illuminations, street parades, etc., which are 
the kinds usually required to be made by druggists. In the 



COLO RES — COLORS. 253 



manufacture of fire-works a great variety of colored fires are 
made, but their formulas are not important to the druggist. 

In making colored fires it is necessary to observe some pre- 
caution in powdering and mixing the materials. The sub- 
stances should be separately powdered, then mixed by means 
of a wooden spatula, and the mixture kept in tin cans away 
from moisture or heat. The sulphur directed is sometimes 
omitted from the formulas on account of its disagreeable vapor, 
but it is not generally objectionable in the quantities used. 

456. Blue Fire. 

Dark Blue may be made by taking : 

Sulphur, 1 ounce. 

Burnt Alum, 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Copper, 1 ounce. 

Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
powder. 

Light Blue may be made by taking : 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Burnt Alum, 2 ounces. 

Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Mix the same as the preceding. 

457. Green Fire. 

Dark Green may be made by taking : 

Nitrate of Barium 4 ounces. 

Boric Acid 1 ounce. 

Chlorate of Potassium 3 ounces. 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Shellac 2 ounces. 

Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
powder. 

Light Green may be made by taking : 

Carbonate of Barium 2 ounces. 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Chlorate of Potassium 4 ounces. 

Shellac 2 ounces. 

Mix as the preceding. 



254 COLO RES — COLORS. 



458. Red Fire. 

Dark Red may be made by taking : 

Nitrate of Strontium, 6 ounces. 

Chlorate of Potassium 2 ounces. 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
powder. 

Light Red or Pink may be made by using only half the quantity of the 
Nitrate of Strontium, or as follows : 

Chalk 2 ounces. 

Sulphur, 1 ounce. 

Chlorate of Potassium, 3 ounces. 

Charcoal X ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder and mix as the preceding. 

459. Violet Fire. 

Burnt Alum, 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Chlorate of Potassium, 4 ounces. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder the drugs fine and mix with the Shellac in moderately coarse 
powder. 

460. White Fire. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 8 ounces. 

Charcoal % ounce. 

Sulphur, 1 ounce. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder and mix as the preceding. 

461. Yellow Fire. 

Sulphur 1 ounce. 

Dried Carbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 

Chlorate of Potassium 5 ounces. 

Shellac 1 ounce. 

Powder and mix as the preceding. 

The foregoing are all the Colored Fires that are generally required for 
theatrical illuminations, street parades, etc., but a great variety of other colors 



CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. '2oo 

may be made by variously combining them, and many shades of color may 
be made by varying the quantities of the ingredients used. 

Liquid Colored Fires or Flames. 

These may be made by dissolving certain substances to saturation in Al- 
cohol or other liquids which will dissolve them, and burn with rapidity. They 
are best ignited in a shallow iron pan, which for safety should be set in a 
shallow pan of water. Considerable caution is required in burning these 
liquids, that accidents may be prevented. 

The substances used should be finely powdered and triturated with the Al- 
cohol in a mortar. 

Blue may be made by dissolving Acetate of Zinc in Alcohol ; Gran, bv 
dissolving Boric Acid in Alcohol ; Red, by dissolving Nitrate of Strontium in 
Alcohol, or by making a strong Tincture of Lycopodium ; Violet, bv dissolv- 
ing Carbonate of Potassium in Alcohol ; Yellow, by dissolving Nitrate of 
Sodium in Alcohol ; White, by dissolving Camphor in Alcohol. 

Another method of exhibiting Colored Fires, and perhaps the best of all, is 
to mix the finely powdered substances which produce the colors, as above, 
with a moderately thick Solution of Shellac in Alcohol. They are thus sus- 
pended, and when burned give forth their characteristic color. 



CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 

Confections are substances resembling soft, solid extracts, 
prepared by incorporating medicines with sugar or other sac- 
charine matter and aromatics. They were once very popular, 
but arc now little used. Similar preparations, varying some- 
what in consistence and manner of making, were formerly 
known as Electuaries and Conserves, and as such they are still 
called for occasionally. 

Confections and Conserves. 

Of the Confections formerly official but two only were re- 
tained in the U. S. iS<So Pharmacopoeia. The 1X85 Br. P. 
retains eight. 

Several popular proprietary articles, such as Fruit-Laxatives, 
etc., arc Confections, put up in attractive form. 

In French Pharmacy under the name Conserves a great va- 
riety of fresh leaves and petals of plants arc made into mass by 



256 C< ►NFECTK >NES — CONFECTII >NS. 



beating or pounding with sugar, until they are thoroughly in- 
corporated. The proportion of sugar used varies from double 
to three times the quantity, by weight, of the fresh leaves. 
The following formulae are representative of the whole class : 

462. Conserve de Cochlearia. 

Confection of Scurvy Grass. 

Scurvy Grass Leaves, fresh, 1 part. 

Sugar 3 parts. 

Beat the two substances in a mortar until they are reduced to a pulpy- 
mass, which should then be passed through a hair-cloth sieve by the aid of a 
flat-ended wooden spatula. 

In French Pharmacy the leaves or flowers of several plants containing 
considerable water are made into Conserves in the same manner and with 
the same proportion of sugar as sorrel, fumitory, the cresses, peach and 
violet flowers, etc., are made into Confections in this manner. 

Other Conserves of leaves which contain considerable moisture are made in 
the same proportion, but those containing less moisture are made as follows : 

463. Conserves de Laurier-Cerise. 

Confection of Cherry-Laurel Leaves. 

Cherry-Laurel Leaves, fresh 1 part. 

Sugar, 2 parts. 

Make in the same manner as the preceding. 

A great variety of leaves and flowers are made into conserves in this 
proportion. 



U. S. and Br. Official Confections. 

The following are the confections official in the U. S. and 
Br. Pharmacopoeias : 



464. Confectio Opii, Br. 

Confection of Opium. 

Compound Powder of Opium, . 100 grains or 1 part. 
Syrup, - . . 300 grains or 3 parts. 

Mix. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. 



CONFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 257 

As the compound powder of Opium contains 10 per cent, 
of opium, this is about the same as the U. S. 1870 prepara- 
tion, which was made as follows: 

Opium, in fine powder, 270 grains. 

Aromatic Powder, 6 tr.ounces. 

Clarified Honey, 14 tr.ounces. 

Mix, etc. 

This confection was much used during the past century 
under the names of Theriaca and Mithridate i wonderful 
virtues being ascribed to it. It is still occasionally called for 
by those names. 

465. Confectio Piperis, Br. 

Confection of Pepper. 
Black Pepper, in fine powder, . 2 ounces or 2 parts. 
Caraway Fruit, in fine powder, . 3 ounces or 3 parts. 
Clarified Honey, 15 ounces or 15 parts. 

Rub them well together in a mortar. Dose, 60 to 120 grains. 

466. Confectio Rosas Caninas, Br. 

Confection of Hips. 

Hips, deprived of their seed-like fruits, . . I part. 
Refined Sugar 2 parts. 

Beat the Hips to a pulp in a stone mortar, and rub the pulp 
through a sieve, then add the sugar and rub them well together. 

To American druggists, who are unacquainted with " Hips," 
it may be explained that it is the oval red fruit of the dog rose 
or wild brier, common in fields and hedges. 

467. Confectio Rosae, U. S. 

Confectio Rosce Gallic<z y Br, — Confection of Rose. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Kid Rose (the dried petals), in No. 60 powder, 2 ounces. 

Sugar, [6 ounces. 

< larified Honey 3 ounces. 

Rose Water 4 ounces. 



258 < ' ( >NFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 



Rub the Rose (petals) with the Rose Water, heated to 
6f C. (149° F.), then gradually add the Sugar and Honey, and 
beat the whole together until thoroughly mixed. 
The British formula is: 

Fresh Red-Rose Petals, . .... I part or 1 pound. 

Refined Sugar, 3 parts or 3 pounds. 

Beat the Petals to a pulp in a stone mortar, add the Sugar, 
and rub them well together. This is used in making several 
official pills, and is much prescribed in pill masses, etc. 

468. Confectio Scammonii, Br. 

Confection of Scammony. 
Resin of Scammony, in powder, . 6 oz. or 48 parts. 

Ginger, in powder, 3 oz - or 2 4 P arts - 

Oil of Caraway, % A.oz. or 2 fl.parts. 

Oil of Cloves, }8 fl-oz. or 1 fl.part. 

Syrup, 6 fl - oz - or 48 fl-parts. 

Clarified Honey, 3 oz. or 24 parts. 

Rub the Powders with the Syrup and the Honey into a uni- 
form mass, then add the Oils and mix. Dose, 10 to 30 grains. 

469. Confectio Senna. 

Confection of Senna. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Senna, in No. 60 powder, 10 ounces av. 

Coriander, in No. 40 powder, .... 6 • ounces av. 

Cassia Fistula, bruised, 16 ounces av. 

Tamarind, 10 ounces av. 

Prune, sliced, 7 ounces av. 

Fig bruised, 12 ounces av. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 5° ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity, .... S7 l A A.ounces. 

"Place the Cassia Fistula, Tamarind, Prune and Fig in a 
close vessel with 3 pints of water, and digest for 3 hours by 



COXFECTIONES — CONFECTIONS. 259 

means of a water-bath. Separate the coarser portion with the 
hand, and rub the pulpy mass first through a coarse hair sieve 
and then through a fine one, or through a muslin cloth. Mix 
the residue with the remainder of the water, and having digested 
the mixture for a short time, treat as before, and add the pro- 
duct to the pulpy liquid first obtained. Then by means of a 
water-bath dissolve the Sugar in the pulpy liquid and evapo- 
rate the whole until it weighs 84 ounces avoirdupois. Lastly, 
add the Senna and Coriander, and incorporate them thoroughly 
with the other ingredients while yet warm." 

The finished product should weigh 100 ounces av. 

The Br. formula does not differ materially from this, except 
that extract of liquorice is added. 

Confections similar to this are put up in masses of about a 
drachm covered with silver leaf, and sold as Fruit Laxatives 
or Cathartic Lozenges. 



470. Confectio Sulphuris, Br. 

Confection of Sulphur. 

Sublimed Sulphur, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 

Acid Tartrate of Potassium, . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
Syrup of Orange Peel, .... 4 fl. ounces or 4 fl. parts. 
Tragacanth, in powder, . . .18 grains or -} T part. 

Rub them well together. Dose, 60 to I 20 grains. 



471. Confectio Terebinthenae, Br. 

Confection of Turpentine. 

Oil of Turpentine 1 II. ounce or 1 fl.part. 

Liquorice Root, in powder, . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
Clarified Honey, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 

Rub the Oil of Turpentine with the Liquorice, add the 
Honey, and mix to a uniform consistence. Dose, 60 to [20 

grains. 



260 CONFECTIONES — CONFECTN >NS. 



Other Confections, Conserves and Electuaries. 

The foregoing official Confections embrace nearly all for 
which there is a demand, except those occasionally called for 
in recipes from old works on medicine and pharmacy. 

No class distinction is now made between Confections, Con- 
serves, and Electuaries, but they were formerly classified sep- 
arately, according to their characteristics. Confections being of 
firmer consistence, and usually made of dry ingredients mixed 
with sugar, and made up in the form of an extract. Con- 
serves being of about the same consistence, but prepared from 
fresh leaves, flowers, fruit, or other vegetable matter mixed 
with sugar to a stiff pasty mass. Electuaries being of much 
softer consistence, and prepared generally by mixing powdered 
substances with syrup, honey, or other saccharine liquids. 

This distinction is now done away with, and all are classed 
under the head of Confections, but are liable to be called for 
by old names. The following are the most important: 

472. Aromatic Confection. — Aromatic Powder. 4 tr. ounces, mixed with 
Clarified Honey 4 tr. ounces, or a sufficient quantity to make a mass of the 
proper consistence. This was formerly official in the U. S. P. 

473. Confection of Almonds or Almond Paste. — Sweet Almonds, 8 
ounces; White Sugar, 4 ounces; Powdered Acacia, 1 ounce. Blanch the 
Almonds, and beat them with the other ingredients until all are reduced to a 
uniform smooth confection. 

Milk of Almonds may be prepared from this confection by rubbing a por- 
tion of it with water and straining through cloth. 

474. Confection of Orange Peel. — Sweet Orange Peel, recently sepa- 
rated from the fruit by grating, 1 tr. ounce ; Sugar, 3 tr.ounces. Beat them 
together into a confection. This was formerly official in the U. S. P. 

Confet turn of Lemon may be made in the same way. 

475. Candied Sweet Flag. — Fresh Sweet Flag or Calamus is peeled, cut 
in pieces or sliced, and simmered with syrup for several hours, then drained 
and dried. Many other confections of fresh aromatic roots, barks, fruit and 
(lowers, may be prepared in the same manner. Angelica root, ginger root, 
lemon and orange peel, rose and violet flowers, and some of the aromatic 
seeds or fruits, as caraway, fennel, etc., are thus prepared. 

Most of the other confections, conserves and electuaries are of the past, 
and so seldom called for that their formulas are omitted. 



CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 261 



CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 

In pharmacy a few preparations similar to elixirs are prepared 
and dispensed under the name of Cordials. They have prob- 
ably derived their name from their similarity to the French 
Ratafias, Cordials or Liqueurs, which are highly flavored, 
stimulating beverages, weak in spirit and sweetened. In this 
class only those cordials which are well known to Amer- 
ican pharmacy will be included, the others being mentioned 
under the heading Liqueurs, Ratafias, etc. Many preparations 
that are popularly known as Cordials will be found among the 
Elixirs, Proprietary Remedies, etc. 

476. Calisaya Cordial. 

Calisuya Bark 4 ounces av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, 4 ounces av. 

Orange Peel, fresh 4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark 2 ounces av. 

Anise Seed, y 2 ounce av. 

Angelica Seed or Root, I drachm. 

Cloves, I drachm. 

Cardamom Seed I drachm. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Rose Water I pint. 

Sugar 3 pounds. 

Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Chop tin- ( )range Peel f-inc and grind the drugs to a coarse 
powder, pour the Alcohol upon them and macerate for 48 
hours; then pour off the Alcohol, transfer the drugs to a per- 
colator, pour the alcoholic tincture upon them and percolate. 
When no more percolate will drop add to the drugs in the 
percolator, first, the Rose Water and then water, continuing 
the percolation until 6 pints altogether of percolate is oh 
tained. Filter clear, dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and add 
enough water passed through the drugs in the percolator to 
make a gallon of the Cordial. It may be colored red, if de- 
sired. 



262 CORDIALES — CORDIALS. 



This is considerably used to disguise the taste of quinine, 
and other disagreeable medicines, and also as a pleasant tonic 
cordial. Dose half a wine glassful. 



477. Curacao Cordial. 

Aromatic Cordial. Elixir Curacoa. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in very coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 

Cloves, in fine powder, 80 grains. 

Cinnamon in fine powder, 80 grains. 

Cochineal in fine powder, 60 grains. 

Oil of Sweet Orange, 1 fl. drachm. 

Orange Flower Water, triple, .... 8 fl. ounces. 

Holland Gin, I pint. 

Alcohol 2 pints. 

Sugar, 3 pounds av. 

Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Pour the Alcohol upon the drugs, add the Oil of Orange, 
and macerate for 2 days ; then add the Gin and 3 pints of 
Water, macerate for a week, filter and add the Sugar and 
enough water to make a gallon of the cordial. 

Fresh sweet orange peel, half a pound, may be used instead 
of the bitter orange peel. 

Curacao Cordial may also be made from the oils as follows : 

Oil of Sweet Orange, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 

Oil of Cassia, 10 minims. 

Oil of Neroli, 15 minims. 

Sugar, 3 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2 l / 2 pints. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Mix the Oils with the Alcohol, add the Water, and, after 
macerating a day or two, filter, dissolve the Sugar in the fil- 
trate, and color with Cochineal Coloring. 

Curacao Cordial is used as a pleasant vehicle for the 
administration of medicines, and as an adjuvant. It is also 
frequently employed as the base of various elixirs. 



CORDIALES — CORDIALS. CREASOTUM — CREASOTE. 263 

478. Gentian Cordial. 

Gentian Root, 2 ounces av. 

Orange Peel, fresh, 4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Licorice Root, 2 ounces av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed, y 2 ounce av. 

Angelica Root or Seed, 1 drachm. 

Alcohol, .2 pints. 

Water, 5 pints. 

Sugar, 2y 2 pounds. 

Chop the Orange Peel fine and grind the drugs to a coarse 
powder ; macerate for two days with the Alcohol, and pour off; 
transfer the drugs to a percolator and percolate with the al- 
coholic tincture ; add the Water in the percolator, and when 
all the percolate is obtained, dissolve in it the Sugar, and 
filter. 

This is a pleasant appetizing Cordial and tonic. Dose half 
a wine-glassful. 



479- 



CREASOTUM — CREASOTE. 



Crcasote is an oil)- liquid of a smoky odor, similar in com- 
position and characteristics to carbolic acid. It is obtained 
by the dry distillation of wood, and from smoke, pyroligneous 
acid, soot, etc. It is frequently called for as Oil of Soot. 

But little true Wood Crcasote is now to be found in the 
market, it being mostly adulterated with, or entirely sub- 
stituted by, Carbolic Acid. 

Uses. — Creasote is used in medicine in minute doses to 
check internal mucous irritation, and as a cleansing application 
in ointments, for ulcers and sores; but it is best known as a 
remedy for toothache, for which it 
internally is from y£ to 2 minims, 
largely diluted. 



; quite popular. The dose 

) tin' form of emulsion or 



264 CUPRUM — COPPER. 



CUPRUM — COPPER. 

Symbol, Cu ; Atomic weight, 63.5; sp. gr. 8.9. 

Copper is a well-known metallic element, extensively em- 
ployed in the arts and industries of the world, and used by 
many nations as a small-money coin. It is found native, and 
combined in the form of ore in all parts of the world. 

In the arts, alloys of copper are much used. Bronze, brass, 
german silver, gun metal, bell metal, and many others being 
made by combining it with various other metals. It is also 
used as an alloy of gold in gold coins and in making jewelry. 

The following formulae show the composition of some of the 
principal alloys into which copper enters : 

480. Brass. — Copper and zinc combine together in all proportions to form 
brass, which varies in color according to the proportion of the metals. 

Prince Rupert's Metal, Pinchbeck and Mannheim Gold, contain 75 to 80 
per cent, of copper, and are considerably used for making cheap jewelry. 

Tombac contains 84.5 per cent, of copper and 15.5 per cent, of zinc. It 
is used for making "Dutch metal," an imitation of gold leaf ; used extensively 
for cheap work. 

Casting Brass varies in composition as required for different purposes, 
but the usual proportion is about 70 per cent, of copper with 30 per cent, 
of zinc. Other metals are sometimes added in small proportions. 

By lacquering brass with various kinds of lacquer it is made to imitate 
bronze. 

481. Bronze. — This is made from copper and tin in varying proportions. 
It is used in making statuary and many other articles. Varieties of bronze 
are known as bell metal, which is composed of about 78 parts of copper 
to 22 parts of tin, and gun metal, which contains 90 parts of copper and 
10 of tin. The ordinary casting bronze contains from 80 to 85 per cent, of 
copper, 15 to 20 per cent, of tin, and 1 or 2 per cent, of zinc. 

Phosphor Bronze contains phosphorus, and is used for making ordnance 
and for other purposes. 

Gold Bronze is brass or bronze in very fine powder; used as a substitute 
for -old for gilding, etc. 

482. German Silver or Nickel Silver.— This is a white metal, much em- 
ployed as a basis for plated ware and ornamental artistic metal work. It is 
composed of copper, nickel and zinc in varying proportions, to which other 
metals are frequently added. The average proportion for spoons, forks, etc., 
is 2 parts of copper, 1 of nickel, and 1 of zinc. For other purposes larger 
or smaller proportions of the metals are used. 



CUPRUM — COPPER. 265 



Salts of Copper, 

In pharmacy the Salts of Copper are considerably used for 
various purposes, and in medicine they are somewhat employed 
in solutions, ointments, and plasters for external use, but 
seldom internally. 

The following are the official Salts of Copper : 



483. Cupri Acetas. 

Acetate of Copper. 

Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .H 2 0. 

This is most conveniently prepared by precipitating a con- 
centrated solution of Acetate of Lead with Sulphate of Cop- 
per, then filtering the solution, evaporating and crystallizing. 
This is called Normal Cupric Acetate to distinguish it from the 
Basic Cupric Acetates, or Verdigris, which is a mixture of sev- 
eral acetates of copper. It is used in some plasters and oint- 
ments. 

484. Cupri Nitras, Br. 

Nitrate of Copper. 
Cu(NO,) 2 3.H 2 0. 

This salt is official in the Br., but not in the U. S. Pharma- 
copoeia. It may be made by dissolving copper in nitric acid 
diluted with water, evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 

Its solution makes a permanent blue for show bottles. 



485. Cupri Sulphas. 

Sulphate if ( 'tppcr, Blue / '/trio/. 
CuS0 4 .5ll ,'). 
This salt is most commonly known by the name of Blue 
Vitriol or Blue Stone. It is the most used of any of the coppei 



266 CUPRUM — COPPER. 



salts, and may be conveniently made by dissolving scraps of 
copper in sulphuric acid diluted with water, by the aid of heat, 
then evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 

Dried or Anhydrous Sulphate of Copper is made by heating 
Sulphate of Copper until its water of crystallization has vapor- 
ized, then reducing it to a powder. It is used as a test for 
alcohol and as an escharotic. 

Uses. — This salt is considerably used in batteries for gener- 
ating electricity, for coloring and dyeing purposes, and in medi- 
cine for making various cleansing washes, liquids, etc. It is 
sometimes given as an astringent in doses of }^ to 2 grains, 
and as a quick emetic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. 

Of the Salts of Copper not officially recognized, the follow- 
ing are somewhat used : 

486. Ammoniated Copper.— Cu(NH 3 ) 4 S0 4 .H 2 0. — This salt was for- 
merly official. It is made by rubbing together in a mortar 240 grains of 
sulphate of copper and 360 grains of carbonate of ammonium until efferves- 
cence ceases, then collecting the salt and pressing in bibulous paper. 

487. Arseniate of Copper.— Cu 3 As„0 8 . — By adding a solution of sul- 
phate of copper to a solution of arseniate of sodium, then collecting and 
drying the precipitate. 

488. Bromide of Copper. — CuBr 2 . — By dissolving oxide of copper in 
hydrobromic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. 

489. Carbonate of Copper.— CuC0 3 . — By adding a solution of carbonate 
of sodium in excess to a solution of sulphate of copper, and warming. This 
is a green pigment. 

490. Citrate of Copper.— By heating a solution of acetate of copper with 
citric acid and crystallizing. 

491. Chloride of Copper. — CuCl 2 . — By dissolving copper scraps in hydro- 
chloric acid, evaporating the solution and crystallizing. 

492. Oxides of Copper. — Suboxide of Copper, Cuprous Oxide.— 
Cu 2 0. — By igniting copper in fine powder in the atmosphere, or by precipi- 
tating a solution of sulphate of copper with grape sugar and caustic potassa, 
collecting and drying the precipitate. 

Oxide of Copper, Lupric Oxide — CuO. — By heating the nitrate or car- 
bonate of copper to redness, and continuing the heat until it remains a black 
heavy powder. 

Many other salts of copper are formed with other acids, but they are unim- 
portant. 



CYANOGEN. DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 267 



493. CYANOGEN. 

CN or Cy. 

Cyanogen is a gaseous radicle, discovered by M. Guy Lussac, 
in 1 81 5. It is most readily obtained by igniting dry cyanide 
of mercury in a small retort, and collecting the gas over mer- 
cury. It is colorless, and its odor resembles that of freshly- 
bruised peach kernels. It is important in chemistry and phar- 
macy as forming a class of acids with hydrogen and oxygen, 
which form salts with metals and alkaline bases called Cyanides 
or Cyannrets. Its acids are as follows : 

494. Cyanic Acid — HCNO. — Made by distilling cyanuric acid deprived 
of its water of crystallization in a retort, and collecting the vapor in a well- 
cooled receiver. Cyanates are salts in which the hydrogen of cyanic acid is 
replaced by some metallic base or other basic radical. 

495. Hydrocyanic Acid — HCN — Prussic Acid. — This is obtained by 
heating ferrocyanide of potassium 1% ounces with sulphuric acid 1 fl. ounce 
(imperial measure) and 10 fl. ounces of water in a flask, and distilling, collect- 
ing the gaseous product in water, or water mixed with alcohol, until any 
desired percentage is obtained. The official Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid 
contains 2 per cent, of real Hydrocyanic Acid. (See page 61.) 



DECOCTA— DECOCTIONS. 

Decoctions which were formerly popular forms of preparing 
medicines have gradually given place to more scientific prepa- 
rations, and are now seldom used. 

The process of Decoction is to boil the vegetable substance's 
for from 10 to 15 minute's in water in a covered vessel, and 
then cool and pour off the liquid. It is obvious that the water- 
bath percolator is the most convenient apparatus to use for 
this purpose, as there is no danger of burning the drugs or 
excessively heating the mixture, and when the boiling is 
completed the liquid may be drawn off by the stop-cock. The 



268 DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 

following general directions for making Decoctions are there- 
fore given : 



496. Decoctions by Water-bath Percolation. 

The substance, coarsely comminuted, . 1 ounce av. 
Water enough to make 10 fl. ounces. 

Having adjusted the perforated diaphragm or strainer in the 
bottom of a small-sized water-bath percolator, put the substance 
in the percolator and pour the water upon it. Cover the per- 
colator closely with the cover, and, having filled the vessel sur- 
rounding the percolator with water, heat to boiling. Boil for 
15 minutes and draw off the liquid by mean of the stop-cock, 
adding enough water through the percolator to make 10 
fl. ounces of the product when cool. 

The U. S. official directions for making Decoctions are to 
take of 

The substance, coarsely comminuted, ... 1 part. 
Water sufficient to make 10 parts. 

Put the substance into a suitable vessel provided with a 
cover, pour upon it 10 parts of cold water, cover and boil for 
15 minutes, then strain and add water enough to make the 
product 10 parts. 

Only two decoctions are now official in the U. S. P. They 
are as follows : 



497. Decoctum Cetrariae. 

Decoction of Cctraria. 

Cetraria (Iceland Moss), 364 grains. 

Water enough to make a pint. 

Cover the Cetraria with cold water for half an hour, express 
and throw away the liquid. Then boil the drug with a pint of 
water for half an hour, strain and add enough cold water 
through the strainer to make a pint of the finished product. 



DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. 



498. Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum. 

Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 

Sarsaparilla, crushed, 729 grains. 

Sassafras, in coarse ponder, 156 grains. 

Guaiacum Wood, rasped, 156 grains. 

Liquorice Root, crushed, 156 grains. 

Mezereum, crushed, 78 grains. 

Water enough to make a pint. 

Boil the Sarsaparilla and Guaiacum Wood for half an hour 
with a pint of water; then add the Sassafras, Liquorice and 
Mezereum, cover the vessel well and macerate, with gentle 
heat for two hours ; then strain and add enough water through 
the strainer to make a pint of the finished product. 

The same directions should be followed when made by water- 
bath percolation. 

Of the 13 Decoctions official in the 1885 Br. P., nearly all 
are simple decoctions, which may be included in the general 
directions for making Decoctions; the following require special 
mention : 



499. Decoctum Aloes Compositum. 

Compound Decoction of Aloes. 

Soctorine Aloes, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Myrrh, ^ ounce av. 

Saffron ]^ ounce av. 

Carbonate- of Potassium ] + ' ounce av. 

Extract of Liquorice 2 ounces aw 

Compound Tincture of Cardamoms, 13 11. ounces. Imp. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make 50 flounces. Imp. 

Boil the extracts, etc., in a pint 120 ounces) of water for 5 
minutes, add the Saffron, cool, add the Tinct ure of Cardamoms, 
macerate for 2 hours, then strain through flannel, adding water 
through the strainer to make the required measure. 



2?<> DECOCTA — DECOCTIONS. DESTILLAT.E. 

500. Decoctum Cinchonae. 

Decoction of Cinchona. 

Red Cinchona Bark in No. 20 powder, . 1^ ounce av. 
Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 

Boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel, strain the decoc- 
tion, when cold, and pour as much distilled water over the 
contents of the strainer as will make the strained product 
measure 20 ounces. 

Decoction of Pareira and of Oak Bark are made in the same 
proportion and manner by the Br. P. 

501. Decoctum Granati Radicis. 

Decoction of Pomegranate Root. 

Pomegranate Root Bark, sliced, . . 2 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, 40 fl. ounces, Imp. 

Boil down to 20 fl. ounces and strain, making the strained 
product up to 20 fl. ounces if necessary by adding water through 
the strainer. 

The remaining official British Decoctions are all made in the 
same manner as 500. Decoctions of Logwood, Broom, Dan- 
delion, and Iceland Moss, are made, 1 ounce of the drug to 20 
of water; of Barley and Poppy, 2 ounces to 20 of water; of 
Sarsaparilla, 2 r / 2 ounces to make 20 fl. ounces of the decoction, 
The Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla does not differ 
materially from the U. S. All other Decoctions may be made 
by the general official formula, or by water-bath percolation, 
as heretofore described, in the proportion of one part of the 
drug to make 10 parts of decoction. 



DESTILLAT^ — DISTILLATES. 

All preparations obtained by the process of distillation are 
Distillates, in the same sense that all preparations made by 



DEXTRINUM — DEXTRIN. 271 

percolation are percolates, but as distillation is a process rather 
than a characteristic of the substances employed, the distillates 
are classed under the various headings where they properly 
belong. 

The process of distillation in pharmacy is of great import- 
ance. It is described on page 26. The preparations in which 
the process is employed will be found in nearly all classes of 
fluid galenicals. 



502. DEXTRINUM — DEXTRIN. 

Artificial Gum, British Gum. 



When starch is subjected to the action of dilute acids at a 
boiling temperature, it is converted into a substance resem- 
bling gum, which is called Dextrin. The same also occurs 
when potato starch is heated to about 36o°F. for an hour or 
two in an oven, and in this manner it is usually prepared com- 
mercially. In making an infusion of malt the Diastase acts 
upon the starch, first converting it into dextrin and then into 
sugar. 

Dextrin is much used in the arts for various purposes, as a 
substitute for gum. It is extensively used for making paste 
and mucilage, and as a dusting for pills, and upon irritated 
surfaces. 

Dextrin Syrup or Starch Syrup is ;i syrup of high conversion, 
containing 40 to 45 per cent, of grape sugar, and about the 
same of dextrin. It is considerably used as a table syrup 
under various fancy names, and is frequently directed in 
medicinal 1 1 impounds. 

503. Dextrin Mucilage. — A good mucilage may be made 
by dissolving I part <>f dextrin in 2 parts of hot water. The 
proportions may be varied, making a mucilage thick or thin, as 
desired. 



DIALVSAT.E — DIALVSATES. 



DI ALYSAT^ — DI ALYSATES. 

A number of preparations made by the process of Dialysis 
have recently been introduced to pharmacy and are somewhat 
used, the best known being Dialysed Iron. The process of 
Dialysis is described on page 24. The following are the 
preparations made by the process, but it is evident that their 
number may be largely increased. As Dialysis is a process 
rather than a characteristic of the preparation, the Dialysates 
might, perhaps, be more properly classed elsewhere, but, as 
they are so few, they are given under this heading. 

504. Ferrum Dialysatum. 

Dialysed Iron. 

A Solution of Dialysed Iron or Liquor Ferri Dialysatus may 
be prepared as follows. It is official in the Br. P. : 

Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron (Br. 

P., sp. gr. 1.42), 14 fl. ounces. 

Water of Ammonia, 

Water, of each, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix 12 fl. ounces of the Iron Solution with 1 gallon of water 
in an earthenware jar that will hold 3 gallons, and add, with 
constant stirring, Water of Ammonia until the iron is all pre- 
cipitated and the liquid remains alkaline. Let the precipitate 
settle, and wash it with water, as is directed for washing pre- 
cipitates (page 44), until the washings give no precipitate, with 
solution of nitrate of silver. Then transfer the precipitate 
1 Ferric hydrate) to a calico strainer; drain and express the 
water. While still moist mix the precipitate in a jar with 2 
fl. ounces of the Solution of Iron, same as previously used; 
warm and stir them occasionally for a day or two until all has 
dissolved that will; then dialyse the solution as directed, 
changing the water every day for 10 or 12 days, or until the 
preparation is free from styptic taste, and clear, and make the 
dialysed solution measure 56 fl. ounces. 

This should contain 5 per cent, of Oxide of Iron, and be of 
sp. gr. 1.407. 



DIALYSAT.E — DIALYSATES. DIASTASE. 273 

Uses. — Dialysed Iron in solution has been quite a popular 
form of administering iron as a tonic. It is given in doses of 
10 to 30 minims. 

Dialysed Iron in Scales may be made by evaporating the 
solution of Dialysed Iron to a syrupy consistence and spread- 
ing upon glass. The dose is from I to 5 grains. 

505. Dialysate of Aconite. 

Aconite Leaves in very coarse powder, . 16 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Exhaust the drug by percolating in the water-bath perco- 
lator with hot water and dialyse the percolate, saving the sev- 
eral waters with which the dialysis is conducted, and evaporat- 
ing, by means of a water-bath, to half a pint. To this add 
half a pint of alcohol and filter. It will be noted that in this 
case it is not the contents of the dialyser that is saved, but 
the liquor which passes through the dialyser, and contains all 
but the colloid matter of the percolate. 

The Dialysate has the same strength of the valuable medi- 
cinal principles of the drug as the fluid extract. 

Dialysate of Belladonna, and of many other drugs, may be 
made in the same general way. 

The process of dialysis is sometimes used to separate alka- 
loids or other principles of plants from colloid principles. 



506. DIASTASE. 

The peculiar ferment in malted grains which converts the 
starch first into dextrin and then into grape sugar, or dextrose, 
is called Diastase. It acts as a very powerful ferment; one 
pari being sufficient to convert 2,000 parts of starch into grape 
sugar. The chief value of extract of malt consists in the 
of diastase that it contains after converting the starch 
and dextrin of the malt into sugar. If this is destroyed, 
therefore, by 1 xcessive heat or other means in making extract 
of malt, the value of the extract is very much impaired. 



274 ELATERIUM. ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

Diastase may be obtained in an impure condition by making 
an infusion of malt — not heating over 160 F. — filtering, and 
adding the filtrate to alcohol, which precipitates the Diastase 
in the form of a white powder, freely soluble in water. It is 
an expensive chemical, seldom used, and rarely made, except 
by manufacturing chemists. 



507. ELATERIUM. 

This is obtained from the very nearly ripe squirting cucum- 
ber fruit by cutting the fruit lengthwise and lightly pressing 
out the juice, then straining through a hair-cloth sieve and 
setting aside to deposit. The supernatant liquid is then 
poured off, the sediment poured on a linen filter and dried by 
gentle heat on porous tiles. It requires about 40 pounds of 
the fruit to yield half an ounce of Elaterium ; it is therefore 
expensive and liable to adulteration. 

Uses. — Elaterium is used as a purgative or hydrogogue 
cathartic, especially in dropsical conditions. It is generally 
given in the form of pills or powders, but its solution in alco- 
hol is more effective. The dose is from ^ to -£$ grain, repeated 
if necessary. 

Elaterin — C 20 H 28 O 5 — is a neutral principle extracted 
from Elaterium by treating it with alcohol, evaporating the 
alcoholic tincture to the consistence of a thin oil, and pouring 
it while warm into a weak boiling solution of potassa. The 
Elaterin crystallizes, leaving the green resin in solution. The 
dose of Elaterin is ^ of a grain. It is official in the U. S. P. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

The class of preparations known in pharmacy as Elixirs, 
includes a great variety of medicines widely dissimilar in char- 
acter. The first Elixirs were acid preparations prepared by 
alchemists and the early pharmacists. They were supposed to 
possess wonderful virtues. " Elixir Album" and " Elixir Ru- 
brum" were the products of wonderful manipulations, and 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 275 

were said to transmute the baser metals into pure silver and 
gold, and cure "most diseases in man's body." Later on, 
Paracelsus originated the " Elixir Proprietatis," or " Elixir of 
Long Life"; and still later the earlier pharmacists gave us 
" Elixir Paregoricum," " Elixir Salutis," " Elixir Stomachi- 
cum," " Elixir Vitriol," " Elixir Halleri," and a score of others, 
from which have descended some of our most popular tinc- 
tures and other similar preparations. 

American Pharmacy has adopted the name " Elixir" for a 
class of flavored, sweetened, weakly alcoholic preparations, 
in which medicinal substances are exhibited in pleasant, pala- 
table form, and which are designed to mitigate the aversion to 
medicines so common to invalids and delicate people. Since 
Elixirs have assumed this form and mission their popularity 
has greatly increased, and, from two or three proprietary Elixirs 
that were known thirty years ago, the number has grown to 
hundreds, and they have come to take the place, to a great 
extent, of tinctures and other preparations that were formerly 
popular forms of medicine. The number of Elixirs has 
increased so rapidly, and their combinations are so varied, that 
it is almost impossible for the druggist to keep a stock of all 
of them sufficient to meet the demands of his business. The 
formula; for Elixirs which follow are therefore arranged so that 
by keeping a few of the leading bases on hand, their combina- 
tions can be readily made by adding various solutions, etc., 
and thus save the trouble and expense of keeping so large a 
variety of Elixirs on hand as would be required to supply the 
demands of the business. 

508. Elixir Flavoring. 

In former editions of FENNER'S FORMULARY this was called, simply. 
" Flavoring," but we have now adopted the above title as being more expres- 
sive. 

( )il of Sweet Oraflge, fresh, 4 tl. ounces. 

Oil "I" Caraway Seed 2 tl. drachms. 

Oil of Coriander Seed, 2 fl.drachms. 

< )il of Cassia 2 ll. drachms. 

oil of Anise, or Oil of Nutmeg, . . . 1 fl.drachm. 

Alcohol, 1 5 ll. ounces. 



276 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



Mix. This is a strong Flavoring, of which one ounce is 
sufficient for a gallon of Elixir. Many Elixir Flavoring 
formulas have been proposed and published, but no other has 
been found equal in all respects to the foregoing, provided 
only that good materials are used in making it. Oil of Orange, 
it is well known, deteriorates by age and exposure, becoming 
terebinthine in odor, therefore it is necessary that only sweet 
fresh Orange Oil be used, for upon that depends the flavor of 
the Elixir. Oil of Caraway Seed, not Oil of Caraway Chaff, 
should be used. Deodorized Alcohol, or Cologne Spirit, 
should be employed in making the Flavoring as well as in 
making all the Elixirs. 

When dissolved in the alcohol the flavoring will keep for 
any length of time ; it is therefore best to get the oils as fresh 
as possible, and make them up, while fresh, in the flavoring. 

Many formulas have been published for making Elixir Flav- 
oring from the substances, instead of their oils : as fresh Orange 
Peel, Caraway Seed, Cassia Bark, etc.; but their flavor when 
thus prepared is uncertain, and besides the substances them- 
selves contain astringent principles, which make inky mixtures 
when combined with salts of iron in solution, and are other- 
wise objectionable for the purpose. We therefore advise only 
the Flavoring made from the Oils, and from long experience 
choose the formula given (508) in preference to any other. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary publishes a formula quite similar, 
under the title, 

509. Spiritus Aurantii Compositus. 

Compound Spirit of Orange. 

Oil of Bitter Orange 4 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Lemon . 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Coriander 160 minims. 

Oil of Star Anise 40 minims. 

Deodorized Alcohol, enough to make 20 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. This may be used, if preferred, in the same proportion and 
manner as is directed in these formulae for Elixir Flavoring (508). 

One objection to this is, that it is much more difficult to obtain a fresh 
fine ( )il of Bitter Orange than of the Sweet Orange, although when fresh it 
is to be preferred to it. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 277 



510. Soluble Flavoring. 

FOR ELIXIRS, ETC. 

In former editions of Fenner'S Formulary this has been called " Pre- 
pared Flavoring "; but we have now adopted the above title as being more 
expressive. 

The foregoing Flavoring (508) will not mix with the Elixir 
base without making a cloudy or milky mixture, and Elixir 
made with it has to be filtered through Carbonate of Magne- 
sium or some other alkaline or absorbent material to make a 
clear solution. 

It is frequently desirable to have an Elixir Flavoring that 
will make a clear solution when added to an elixir base, perco- 
late or syrup, and the following is designed for that purpose : 

Elixir Flavoring (508), 16 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 4 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2>% pints. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Mix the Flavoring with the Alcohol. Rub the Carbonate 
of Magnesium through a wire sieve to a powder, and mix with 
the water; then gradually add the mixture of Magnesium and 
water to the solution of flavoring, and after standing a day or 
two ior longer), with occasional agitation, pour off the clear 
liquid, pour the precipitate into a paper filter, and filter the 
poured-off liquid through the precipitate until perfectly clear. 

( )ne ounce of the Soluble Flavoring added to a pint of any 
elixir or syrup base gives the required flavoring. 

This is added to elixirs requiring percolation, after the per- 
colation is completed, and to syrups, solutions, etc. It may 
also be added to any elixir in which a stronger flavor may be 
desired, and is useful for flavoring man)- medicinal preparations. 

511. Elixir Percolating Menstruum. 

In former editions of Fenner's Formi lary this was called "Percolating 
Menstruum." 

A.l< "\\<>\ 38 ll. ounces. 

Water 72 fl. ounces. 



•278 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



Mix them. The proportion of Alcohol and Water used is the 
same as is in the Elixir, and after the other ingredients, as Sugar 
and Soluble Flavoring, are added, it is the same as the Elixir. 

This Elixir Percolating Menstruum is used as a percolate 
whenever it is necessary to obtain the strength of drugs by 
percolation in making elixirs. The sense of this will be appar- 
ent when it is considered that the sugar contained in the elixir 
would be a hindrance to percolation, and that the flavoring 
ingredients used would lose much of their strength during the 
process and exposure of percolation. In making an elixir, 
therefore, requiring percolation, the drugs are first percolated 
with the percolating menstruum, the percolate filtered if neces- 
sary, and then the sugar dissolved in the filtrate, and the solu- 
ble flavoring added, which completes the elixir. 

512. Elixirs Requiring Percolation. 

When it is required to make an Elixir in which the strength 
of the drugs is obtained by percolation, the process of water- 
bath percolation is recommended, but ordinary percolation 
may be employed instead, if more expedient. The following 
is the process : 

The drug or drugs, as stated in the formula. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, sufficient. 

Moisten the drugs with the Elixir Percolating Menstruum, 
and after standing a few hours in a covered vessel transfer them 
to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour enough of 
the percolating menstruum upon them to cover them well, and 
set in a warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately, and after 
one hour begin to percolate, adding the percolating menstruum 
to the drugs in the percolator, and continuing the percolation 
until 13 fl. ounces of percolate is obtained for each pint (16 
fl. ounces) of the finished Elixir required. This is then to be 
filtered if necessary, and to complete the Elixir take for each 
pint : 

The Percolate, as above, 13 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring (510), 1 fl. ounce. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 279 



Mix them and dissolve the sugar by agitation. Should it be 
required to remove the tannin, or otherwise treat or manipu- 
late the percolate for any purpose, it should be done before 
the sugar and flavoring are added. 

If small quantities only of Elixirs are required to be made, 
when the quantity of drugs used would be quite small, they 
may best be made by macerating the drugs with elixir, instead 
of by percolation, or, perhaps, better yet, by using fluid 
extracts of the drugs instead of the drugs themselves. The 
following is the method of procedure when fluid extracts are 
used : 



513. Elixirs made with Fluid Extracts. 

If it is desired to use Fluid Extracts of the drugs, instead of 
the drugs themselves, as directed in the formula, take of 

Fluid Extracts of the drugs, the same fluid measure as is 

directed of weight. 
Elixir sufficient to make the required measure, as is stated 

in the formula. 

Mix and filter. Carbonate of Magnesium is frequently 
added to make them filter clear. 

The Elixir in this case is used instead of the Elixir Perco- 
lating Menstruum, Soluble Flavoring and Sugar. With Fluid 
Extracts, which precipitate badly when added to the Elixir, it 
is best to mix them with the Percolating Menstruum and filter, 
then add the flavoring and sugar, the same as is directed in 
the formula. 



514. Elixirs with Salts in Solution. 

Some of the more soluble salts dissolve readily in the 
Elixirs, and others require to be dissolved separately before 
adding to them. Among the Solutions will be found for- 
mula- for making solutions convenient for combining with 

Elixirs, etc. They arc referred to in the formula' in which 

they can be advantageously used. 



280 ELIXIRIA- 



515. Detannating Elixirs. 

It is necessary in making some Elixirs and other preparations 
from substances containing tannin or astringent principles, to 
remove these principles in order that the preparations may be 
combined with salts of iron or other substances which would be 
otherwise precipitated. This may be accomplished by adding 
to the Elixirs any substance which will combine with the 
astringent principles and form precipitates which may be 
removed by filtration. Albumen, gelatin, and freshly precipi- 
tated ferric hydrate are the best adapted for that purpose, as 
they readily form precipitates with vegetable astringents. We 
have generally chosen albumen (white of egg) as being most 
convenient for the purpose, and have so directed in most of 
the formulas ; but it is sometimes more expedient to use ferric 
hydrate, especially in preparations containing a large amount 
of astringent. To detannate with this it is necessary to make 
a freshly precipitated ferric hydrate as is directed (see Ferri 
Oxidum Hydratum), and mix more or less of it, as may be 
required, with the Elixir or other preparation to be detan- 
nated, and after standing a day or two with occasional agita- 
tion, filtering through calico. The filtered liquid is then to be 
tested with tincture of iron, and if tannin still remains in 
solution (as is shown by an inky color when it is added), more 
of the ferric hydrate must be added and the Elixir treated as 
before. This process is tedious, but thorough, and is preferred 
by some to any other, but in our experience albumen is suffi- 
cient for most purposes and is much to be preferred in the 
way of convenience. 

516. Elixir. 

Simple Elixir. 

The simple base which is used for making Elixirs, the same 
as water is used for dissolving salts, or diluted alcohol for 
making tinctures, is variously called Elixir, Simple Elixir, 
Aromatic Elixir, Cordial Elixir, Curacoa Cordial Elixir Adju- 
vans, etc. This base will be designated in the formulae which 
follow simply as Elixir. 

In making Elixir, only the best material should be used, the 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 281 



Elixir Flavoring must be good, deodorized Alcohol or Cologne 
Spirit should be used ; granulated Sugar is the best and most 
convenient, as it may readily be poured into a bottle. The 
following is the formula : 

Elixir Flavoring (508), 1 fl. ounce. 

Deodorized Alcohol (Cologne Spirit), . 38 fl. ounces. 

Water, 4^ pints, or 72 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 2^< pounds, or 40 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 

Mix 2 ounces of the Alcohol with the Elixir Flavoring. Rub 
the Magnesium Carbonate through a wire sieve to reduce it 
to a powder, then transfer it to a mortar that will hold at 
least two pints, add the mixture of Flavoring and Alcohol, 
and rub them well together. Mix the remaining 36 ounces of 
Alcohol with the Water, triturate two pints of the mixture 
with the contents of the mortar, and filter the mixture into 
the remaining mixture of Alcohol and Water, then dissolve 
the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation, and filter the whole 
Elixir through the same filter to make it bright and clear. If 
it is desired to increase the strength of flavor of the Elixir, a 
larger quantity of the Elixir Flavoring and a corresponding 
quantity of Carbonate of Magnesium may be used. 

In making larger quantities of Elixir, as, say, 5 gallons or 
more, it is more conveniently made by adding the Elixir Flav- 
oring to the entire quantity of Alcohol used ; then, having 
mixed the powdered Carbonate Magnesium with the entire 
quantity of Water, gradually add the latter to the former with 
agitation, and let them remain for several days, with frequent 
agitation, before filtering; the liquid may then be filtered off 
and the Sugar dissolved in the filtrate. In this way any quan- 
tity of the Elixir may be made with but little trouble. 

The Elixir as thus prepared is used as a solvent for various 
salts, and a vehicle for various solutions and other forms of 
medicine. It may also In- \\>n\ to percolate, but when perco 
lation is required it is best accomplished as directed (512). 

Many Elixir formulas have been proposed and published, 
but in an extensive experience in making Elixirs tin- writer 
has found no other equal in all respects and for all purposes 
to the foregoing. 



282 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



517. Elixir Acetate of Potassium. 

Acetate of Potassium, 1280 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. A fl. drachm contains 10 grains of the 
salt. The dose is from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 

518. Elixir Aconite. 

Tincture Aconite Root, 256 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 minims of the tincture. 
The dose is from y 2 to a teaspoonful. This is a very safe and 
convenient preparation, as the dose of aconite can be regu- 
lated as desired. 

519. Elixir Adjuvans. 

Many Elixirs are known by this name. Simple Elixir is 
usually dispensed when Elixir Adjuvans is prescribed, unless 
some other preparation is known to be intended. In some 
localities an Adjuvant Elixir is much employed as a vehicle 
for Quinine, for this purpose the following is considerably 
used : 

Orange Peel, fresh, cut fine, .... 8 ounces av. 

Coriander Seed, crushed, 2 ounces av. 

Caraway Seed, crushed, I ounce av. 

Cardamom Seed, crushed, 8 ounces av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, crushed, ... 8 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, crushed, 8 ounces av. 

Sugar, 32 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the drugs and pour the Alcohol upon them, allow to 
stand for 24 hours, then add 2 pints of Water, macerate for 24 
hours longer, then transfer to a percolator, add two pints of 
Water to the drugs and percolate, adding Water through the 
percolator until 7 pints of tincture are obtained ; filter and 
dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. This may be made more 
rapidly by water-bath percolation. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 283 

A similar preparation is put up by some manufacturers 
under the names Elixir Liquorice Compound, Elixir Wild 
Cherry Compound, Quinine Elixir, etc. 

It is chiefly used as an addition to other preparations, or a 
vehicle for bitter medicines. Owing to the Tannin contained 
in the Wild Cherry it renders Quinine insoluble, thus masking 
its bitter taste. 

520. Elixir Anise. 

Anise Seed Cordial. 
This may be made by percolation or maceration. 

Anise Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Percolate or macerate and filter. 

Or from the Oils, as directed in the New-York and Brooklyn 
Formulary: 

Oil of Anise, Saxony, 25 minims. 

Oil of Fennel Seed (" Sweet "), ... 5 minims. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds, 1 drop. 

Deodorized Alcohol, . 4 fl. ounces. 

Syrup 10 fl. ounces. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Phosphate of Calcium, 120 grains. 

Mix the Oils with the Deodorized Alcohol, add the Syrup 
and Water, and set aside for 12 hours; then mix with the 
Phosphate of Calcium and filter clear. 

This Elixir is used as an aromatic vehicle, or addition to 
medicines, especially for children. 

521. Elixir Antifebrin. 

Antifebrin, 128 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Antifebrin by rubbing in a mortar with the 
Elixir. 

A fluiddrachm contains 1 grain of the salt. The dose is a 
teaspoonful t<> a tablespoonful, or more. 



284 



522. Elixir Antipyrin. 

Antipyrin, 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Dissolve the Antipyrin in the Elixir by rubbing- them to- 
gether in a mortar. 

A fluiddrachm contains 5 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or more. 

523. Elixir Aromatic. 

Several Elixirs are known by the name of Aromatic Elixir; 
in fact, it is a general name for Elixirs as a class, some manu- 
facturers calling their Elixirs Aromatic Elixirs; but the name 
is applied in pharmacy generally to the Simple or Aromatic 
Elixir prepared from substances, instead of from their oils. 
The following formula may be used : 

Orange Peel, fresh, cut fine, .... 4 ounces aw 

Lemon Peel, fresh, cut fine 1 ounce av. 

Coriander Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 

Caraway Seed, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 

Anise Seed, in fine powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 

Cinnamon Bark (Saigon), in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 

Sugar, 2}4 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2]/ 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Macerate the drugs for 48 hours with the Alcohol, then add 
4 pints of Water, and continue the maceration for 48 hours 
longer, pour off the liquid, transfer the drugs to a percolator, 
and percolate with the poured-off tincture until it has all 
passed, then add Water through the percolator to make the 
measure 6)/ 2 pints ; filter clear through a little Carbonate of 
Magnesium, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, adding 
Water if necessary to make a gallon. 

This Elixir is used the same as Simple Elixir as a base for 
other Elixirs, and a vehicle for medicines, etc., but it is inad- 
missible for making Elixirs containing iron, bismuth, and 
other salts which are changed or precipitated by astringent 
principles. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 2S6 



524. Elixir Arsenic. 

Elixir Arseniate of Potassium. 

Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, .... 640 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims of Fowler's 
Solution. Dose, a teaspoonful. This is a safe and convenient 
preparation, the dose of Arsenic being regulated as desired 
without danger. The combinations of Arsenic and Quinine 
will be found under Quinine Elixirs. 

525. Elixir Arsenic and Iodide of Mercury. 

Donovan's Solution of Arsenic and 

Iodide of Mercury, 640 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Donovan's 
Solution. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

526. Elixir Arsenic and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 

Elixir Arsenic ( 524), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with the Elixir in a 
mortar, or add 2 drachms of Solution of Strychnine to a pint 
of the Elixir of Arsenic and filter. A fl. drachm contains 5 
minims of Fowler's Solution and (; 1 4 grain Strychnine Sulphate. 

527. Elixir Asafetida. 

Tincture of Asafetida, 2 fl. ounces. 

Spirit of Peppermint, )/> fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, .... J^ ounce av. 

Sugar, 5 ounce's av. 

Alcohol 4 fl. ounces. 

Water 8 fl.ounces. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 

Kul) the Magnesium Carbonate to a fine powder in a 
mortar, mix the Tincture, Spirit and Alcohol, and rub with 



286 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

the Magnesium Carbonate, then add the Water, filter, dissolve 
the Sugar in the filtrate, and add the Soluble Flavoring. 

This Elixir is of the same strength as Syrup Asafetida, and 
is as agreeable a form to exhibit this disagreeable drug as can 
be devised, except in pills. A fl. drachm contains about 2 
grains Asafetida. It is given to children and adults in doses 
of 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 

528. Elixir Atropine. 

Sulphate of Atropine, 2 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Salt by rubbing in a mortar with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, and filter if necessary. A fl. drachm con- 
tains ^ grain of Sulphate of Atropine. For internal use this 
is a safe and reliable preparation. It maybe given in doses of 
from 10 to 20 minims. 

529. Elixir Beef. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat, 1 ounce av. 

Citric Acid, 5 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Extract with the Elixir in a mortar, add the Citric 
Acid, and after standing for some time filter. 

As each ounce of Liebig's Extract of Meat represents the 
soluble constituents of 32 ounces of fresh beef, a tablespoonful 
{y 2 fl. ounce) of the Elixir represents one ounce of fresh beef. 
The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful or more. Many 
manufacturers make the preparations of Beef with only y 2 
ounce of Beef Extract in a pint. 

530. Elixir Beef and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, ... 64 grains. 
Elixir Beef I 529), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron by rubbing with separate portions of the 
Elixir, and filter if necessary ; or add to the Elixir an equiv- 
alent quantity of Solution Citrate of Iron and Ammonium. 
Half a fl.ounce (a tablespoonful) of this Elixir represents one 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 287 



ounce of fresh beef and two grains of Soluble Citrate of Iron. 
The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful or more. This 
Elixir is preferable in many respects to Wine of Beef and Iron, 
for the reason that it is much more uniform, and will not pre- 
cipitate as the wine is liable to do. 

531. Elixir Beef, Iron and Cinchona. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 5 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 10 grains. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, ... 64 grains. 

Elixir Beef (529), 1 pint. 

Rub the salts with separate portions of the Elixir until dis- 
solved, and filter if necessary. 

Half a fl. ounce (a tablespoonful) represents one ounce of 
fresh beef, and the more important alkaloidal salts of about 
8 grains of Cinchona, with 2 grains of Soluble Citrate of Iron. 
The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

This is preferable to the Wine of Beef, Iron and Cinchona, 
for the same reasons as above stated. 

532. Elixir Belladonna. 

Belladonna Leaves, in coarse powder, . 256 grains. 
Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Macerate the powder with the Elixir as directed (512) and 
filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 2 grains of Belladonna Leaves. The 
is from 20 to 60 minims, or more. This is a very con- 
venient preparation, as the dose of Belladonna can be better 
regulated than in the stronger preparations. 

533. Elixir Berberine. 

Berberine Sulphate, or Hydrochlorate, . 64 grains. 

.Alcohol 2 11. ounces. 

Elixir 14 ll. ounces. 

Dissolve the Berberine salt first in the Alcohol by gentli 
heal of water-bath, then add the Elixir. 



288 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



A fl. drachm contains l / 2 grain of the salt. The dose is from 
i to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

The Berberine salts were formerly known by the name of 
Hydrastin, as Muriate of Hydrastin, etc. 

534. Elixir Berberine and Iron. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 64 grains. 

Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Berberine, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron in the Hot Water and add the Elixir to 
the solution. 

A fl. drachm contains about y 2 grain each of Iron and Ber- 
berine. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

535. Elixir Berberine, Bismuth and Iron. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 64 grains. 
Elixir Berberine and Iron (534), .... 1 pint. 

Rub the Bismuth salt with the Elixir, add a few drops of 
Water of Ammonia to dissolve, and after standing filter. 

A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain each of Bismuth, Iron and 
Berberine. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

536. Elixir Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Water of Ammonia, a sufficient quantity. 

Rub the Bismuth salt with two ounces of the Elixir in a 
mortar, and gradually add Water of Ammonia drop by drop 
until the turbid solution becomes clear, or nearly clear, then 
add the remainder of the Elixir, and after standing a few 
hours filter. The Water of Ammonia is added to dissolve the 
Insoluble Citrate of Bismuth that may be present in the com- 
pound salt. This depends much upon the age and exposure 
of the salt, as it loses Ammonia when exposed. An equivalent 
quantity of Solution of Bismuth may be used, instead of the 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 289 



salt. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Soluble Citrate of 
Bismuth. The dose is I or 2 teaspoonfuls. 

537. Elixir Bismuth and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 12S grains. 
Elixir Bismuth (536), 1 pint. 

Rub the Iron Salt with separate portions of the Elixir to 
dissolve. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Soluble Citrate of Bismuth 
and 1 grain Soluble Citrate of Iron. Dose, 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 

538. Elixir Bismuth, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1 grain. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 128 grains. 

Elixir of Bismuth (536) 8 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Strychnine salt and Iron salt with separate por- 
tions of Elixir until dissolved ; then add the Elixir Bismuth, 
and, after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm contains -, 1 - s - grain Strychnine and 1 grain each 
Soluble Citrates of Bismuth and Iron. The dose is from 1 to 
2 teaspoonfuls. 

This may also be made by adding equivalent quantities of 
Solution of Strychnine Sulphate, and Iron Citrate to Elixir 
Bismuth, mixed with an equal quantity of Elixir. 

539. Elixir Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Elixir Bismuth (536) 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with the Elixir Bismuth, 
or add to the Elixir Bismuth 2 fl.drachms Solution Sulphate 
of Strychnine, and after standing filter. 

A fl. drachm of this Elixir contains 2 grains of Soluble Bis- 
muth and ,.', -rains Sulphate of Strychnine. The dose is y, 

to 1 teaspoonful. 



290 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



540. Elixir Bitter. 

Elixir A mar u 111 . 

The German Pharmacopoeia of 1872 gives the following 
formula for this Elixir: 

Extract of Buckbean, 2 parts. 

Extract of Orange Peel, 2 parts. 

Diluted Alcohol (G. P.) 16 parts. 

Peppermint Water, 16 parts. 

Spirit of Ether (Hoffman's Anodyne), . . 1 part. 

Dissolve the Extracts in the Diluted Alcohol and Pepper- 
mint Water, previously mixed, and add the Spirit of Ether. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

This is not properly an Elixir, as understood in American 
Pharmacy. The formula is different in the G. P. 1883. 

541. Elixir Blackberry. 

Blackberry Root, in coarse powder, . 2 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, . . . 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed, 512. This may also be 
made by mixing — 

Fluid Extract of Blackberry, .... 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

And filtering. 

A fl. drachm contains 7 grains of Blackberry Root. The 
dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

542. Elixir Black Cohosh or Cimicifuga. 

Black Cohosh, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, . . . 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed, 512. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 291 



It may also be made by mixing — 

Fluid Extract Black Cohosh, .... 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

And after standing a few days, filtering through Carbonate of 
Magnesium. 

A fl. drachm contains 7 grains of Black Cohosh. The dose 
is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 



543. Elixir Black Cohosh Compound. 

Black Cohosh, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
Colchicum Root, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 

Percolating Menstruum 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed, 512, and dissolve the 
Iodide in the percolate. 

This may also be made by mixing 1 ounce each of Fl. Ex- 
tracts of Black Cohosh and Colchicum with 14 ounces of 
Elixir, and dissolving the Iodide in the Elixir. 

A II. drachm contains 3^ grains each of Black Cohosh and 
Colchicum, and 2 grains of Iodide of Potassium. The dose 
is a tcaspoonful or more for rheumatism and neuralgia. 



544. Elixir Bromide of Ammonium. 

Bromide of Ammonium, 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Ammonium. The 
close is from a teaspoonful to a tablcspoonful. 



292 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



545. Elixir Bromide of Calcium. 

Bromide of Calcium 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Calcium. The 
dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 



546. Elixir Brom-Iodide of Calcium Compound. 

Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compoimd. 

Tilden's Solution Iodo-Bromide Calcium 

Compound. 2^ fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 8 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix and filter if necessary. 

Tilden's Elixir Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound is a 
proprietary preparation, which has had a large sale. The 
Solution of Iodo-Bromide of Calcium, as it is named by Til- 
den & Co., is prepared from the Bittern which remains after 
the crystallization of salt from natural salt water springs. It 
contains Iodine, Bromine, Calcium, and a number of other 
substances in solution. As this solution cannot be econom- 
ically made from the substances themselves, and would be 
unlike the proprietary preparation with which the public is 
familiar, it is probably better to make the elixir when desired 
from Tilden's Solution, as above. 

This Elixir is used as an alterative, in doses of a teaspoonful 
or more. 

547. Elixir Bromide of Iron. 

Bromide of Iron, 384 grains. 

Citrate of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 293 



Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in 12 fl. ounces of the 
Elixir. Dissolve the Iron salt in 2 ounces of Water and mix 
the solutions, filter, and add enough Elixir if necessary to 
make a pint. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains of Bromide of Iron. The 
Citrate of Potassium is added to overcome the styptic dis- 
agreeable taste of the Bromide of Iron. The dose is from % 
to 1 teaspoonful. 

548. Elixir Bromide of Morphine. 

Bromide of Morphine 16 grains. 

Elixir I pint. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains ]/% grain Bromide of Morphine. The 
dose is a teaspoonful. 

549. Elixir Bromide of Potassium. 

Two strengths of this Elixir are common — 5 grains and 10 
grains of Bromide of Potassium in a fl. drachm. This is liable 
to confusion with physicians in prescribing it, and for that 
reason we prefer to stick to our old formula of 10 grains to a 
fl. drachm, which is none too strong for general use: 

Bromide of Potassium, 1280 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Bromide to a coarse powder, and dissolve by agita- 
tion in the Elixir. Some druggists and manufacturers color 
this Elixir red with Carmine solution, and some leave it color- 
less. It should be kept uniform, either colored or uncolored, 
so that customers may not be suspicious when prescriptions 
are refilled. 

A fl. drachm contains 10 grains of the salt. The dose is from 
a teaspoonful to a table-spoonful. 

If the Elixir containing but 5 grains of the salt in a fl.drachm 
is desired, dilute the above with an equal measure of Elixir, 
or make by dissolving 640 grains of the salt in Elixir sufficient 
to make a pint. 



294 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

550. Elixir Bromide of Potassium and Hydrate 

of Chloral. 

Elixir Bromide-Chloral. 

Bromide of Potassium, 2 ounces av. 

Hydrate of Chloral, I ounce av. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Dissolve the salts in the Elixir and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 7 grains Bromide of Potassium and 3^ 
grains Hydrate of Chloral. The dose is from 1 to 2 tea- 
spoonfuls. 

The combinations of Bromide of Potassium and Hydrate 
of Chloral, in the form of an Elixir or Solution, have been 
very popular, several proprietary preparations of this kind 
having had a large sale as hypnotics and sedatives ; one quite 
popular with physicians being " Bromidia," prepared by Battle 
& Co., Chemists Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., which, according 
to their published statement, contains in each fl. drachm 15 
grains of Bromide of Potassium, 15 grains Hydrate of Chloral, 
and l /& grain, each, extracts of Cannabis Indica and Hyoscya- 
mus. It is claimed that alcohol should not be used in making 
solutions of the salts named on account of the chemical 
action which takes place. 

551. Elixir Bromide of Potassium Compound. 

Sedative Elixir. 

Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, 256 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, 90 minims. 

Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Salts in the Elixir and Syrup, add the Aqua 
Ammonia, and color, if desired, with a little Carmine solution 
and Caramel, then filter. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 295 



A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Bromide of Potassium, 2 grains 
Valerianate of Ammonium, and Jg- grain Morphine. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or two. 

552. Elixir Bromide of Quinine. 

Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Elixir, . I pint. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain Bromide of Quinine. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or more. 

553. Elixir Bromide of Sodium. 

Bromide of Sodium, 1280 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Elixir, and filter. 
A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Bromide of Sodium. Dose, 
a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

An Elixir containing 5 grains of the Salt in a fl. drachm may 
be made by diluting this one half with simple Elixir, or by 
dissolving 640 grains of the Salt in enough of the Elixir to 
make a pint. 

554. Elixir Buchu. 

Buchu Leaves, in coarse powder, ... 4 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed, 512. 

This Elixir may be made from Fluid Extract Buchu as 
follows : 

Fluid Extract Buchu 4 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 2 drachms. 

Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Fluid Extract with tin- Carbonate of Magnesium 
in .1 mortar, add the Elixir, ami filter, adding enough Elixir 
through the filter to make a pint. 



296 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



A fl. drachm represents 14 grains Buchu. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a tablespoonful. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Elixir Buchu 
to be prepared from Fluid Extract Buchu, 2 fl. ounces; Fluid 
Extract Triticum, 1 fl. ounce ; Tincture of Vanilla, 1 fl. drachm ; 
Syrup of Coffee, 6 fl. ounces; Carbonate of Magnesium, 120 
grains, with simple Elixir enough to make a pint. 

555. Elixir Buchu Compound. 

Elixir Buchu and Pareira Brava. 

Buchu, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 

Pareira Brava, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
Stone Root, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation, as directed, 512. 

This Elixir may be made by mixing the Fluid Extracts of 
the drugs with Elixir, as directed, 513. 

A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Buchu, 3^ grains, each, 
Pareira Brava and Stone Root. The dose is from a teaspoon- 
ful to a tablespoonful. 

Several other preparations are furnished under the name of 
Elixir Buchu Compound. 

556. Elixir Buchu, Juniper and Acetate of 

Potassium. 

Diuretic Elixir. 

Buchu, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 

Juniper Berries, crushed, 1 ounce av. 

Acetate of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Make by percolation, as directed, 512. 

This may also be made with Fluid Extracts of Buchu and 
Juniper mixed with Elixir, filtered through Carbonate of 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 297 

Magnesium and the Acetate of Potassium dissolved in the 
nitrate. 

A fl. drachm contains 7 grains Buchu, 3^ grains Juniper, 
and 5 grains Acetate of Potassium. The dose is from a tea- 
spoonful to a tablespoonful. 

557. Elixir Calisaya or Cinchona. 

Elixirs of Calisaya or Cinchona and their compounds have 
been the best known and most popular of any ever brought 
to the notice of the public. Some manufacturers have intro- 
duced them as Elixir " Calisaya," while others have adopted 
the name " Cinchona," but the former is probably the most 
popular name. 

The Simple Elixir of Calisaya or Cinchona is much pre- 
scribed as a tonic, and is used as the base of Compound 
Elixirs of Calisaya or Cinchona. It may be made either from 
the bark or the alkaloidal salts. 

When made from the bark the Elixir must be " detannated " 
for combining with salts of iron ; but when made from the 
alkaloidal salts this is avoided, and the Elixir designed to be 
combined with iron is now generally made from the salts. 
The following are the formulas for making Elixir Calisaya: 

MADE FROM THE BARK, DETANNATED. 

Calisaya Bark, true, 8 ounces av. 

Orange Peel, fresh, 8 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark, "Saigon," .... ij4 ounces av. 

Coriander Seed, \ l / 2 ounces av. 

Red Rose Leaves, \ l / 2 ounces av. 

Nutmeg, '_. ounce av. 

Star Anise % ounce av. 

Sugar 2]. pounds av. 

Alcohol, deodorized 38 ll. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make I gallon. 

Grind the Calisaya Bark, Cinnamon, Coriander, Nutmeg and 
Anise to a No. 50 powder, and having mixed a pint of Alcohol 
with half pint of Water, moisten the powder with half a pint 
of the mixture, and macerate in a warm place for one day, 



298 ELIXI RIA — ELI X I RS. 



then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour 
upon it the remainder of the menstruum, and set in a warm 
place for one daw Then heat very moderately, and, after one 
hour, begin to percolate, adding water to the drugs after the 
liquid has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the 
heat and percolation until 4 pints have passed. To this add 
the whites of 4 eggs, previously beaten with a portion of the 
percolate, and allow to stand for one day ; then filter through 
a muslin strainer. Chop the Orange Peel fine, reduce the Red 
Rose leaves to a coarse powder, and having mixed them 
together, put them in a close vessel with the remainder (22 
fl. ounces) of the Alcohol. Macerate in a warm place, with 
occasional agitation, for two days, then pour off the liquid and 
reserve. Transfer the drugs (Orange and Rose) to a conical 
percolator, and percolate first with the detannated Calisaya 
percolate, and then with water until 5 pints have passed ; add 
this to the reserved portion, dissolve the sugar in the liquid, 
add enough water to make I gallon, and, after standing a few 
days, filter through a double filter paper. 

Although this is a little more trouble to make than many of 
the Elixirs, it leaves nothing to be desired for those who wish 
a first-class Elixir Calisaya made from the bark. 

This Elixir may be colored if desired with Cochineal color- 
ing and Caramel. When dispensed as Elixir Calisaya it is 
generally colored, but left plain for making compounds. This 
Elixir may be made from the Fluid Extract of Calisaya Bark- 
by mixing 1 fl. ounce with a pint of Elixir, adding the white 
of one egg, and after standing 24 hours, filtering. 

A fl. drachm represents about 4 grains of Calisaya, with 
aromatics. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

558. Elixir Calisaya or Cinchona. 

MADE FROM THE ALKALOIDAL SAETS. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine (Cinchonidia), 90 grains. 

Citric Acid 20 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s., or 1 fl. drachm. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 299 

Rub the Quinine and the Cinchonidine with half a pint of 
the Elixir, and the Citric Acid with another half a pint, and 
mix the solutions ; add to the mixture 7 pints of Elixir, and 
set in a warm place until the solution is clear; then add 
enough Water of Ammonia to neutralize the acid,* and filter. 

If it is desired to dispense this as Elixir Calisaya, it may be 
colored with Cochineal and Caramel coloring, but if for com- 
bining it should not be colored. 

This Elixir represents the more important properties of the 
bark in about the same proportion as contained in an average 
good quality of bark. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful. 



559. Elixir Calisaya and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . .128 grains. 

Water, 1 ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya, . . . 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in the Water by the aid of a few- 
drops of Water of Ammonia, add the Elixir, and filter; or add 
% fl. ounce Solution Citrate of Bismuth to a pint of Elixir 
Calisaya. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Bismuth combined with 
Elixir Calisaya. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 



560. Elixir Calisaya, Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya and Bismuth 5 grains. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms Solution of Strychnine to a 
pint of the Elixir, and filter. 

* Before the Water of Ammonia i :iilcli-< I the Klixir has a fluorescent or bluish 
appearance. Enough Ammonia should be added to remove this, but not leave 
any odor of Ammonia in the preparation after shaking. The quantity specified is 
correct if the officinal 10 per cent. Water of Ammonia is used. 



300 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



A fl. drachm contains I grain of Bismuth, -^ grain Strych- 
nine combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful. 

561. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated. . 

Elixir Calisaya with Citrate of Iron. Ferrated Elixir Cinchona. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . .128 grains. 
Elixir Calisaya (558), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with successive portions 
of the Elixir, or use an equivalent quantity of Solution Citrate 
of Iron and Ammonium. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
Elixir Calisaya. The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls or more. 

The Elixir of Calisaya and Citrate of Iron is of a dark 
wine color, similar in appearance to Wyeth's Ferrated Elixir 
of Cinchona. 



562. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Bismuth. 

Elixir Calisaya, Citrate of Iron and Bismuth. Ferrated Elixir 
Cinchona with Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, 128 grains. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 

Water, 1 ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth in the water by the aid of a few drops 
of water of Ammonia, dissolve the Iron salt in the Elixir by 
rubbing with successive portions of it, then add the solution 
of Bismuth and filter. This may be made by adding x / 2 ounce, 
each, solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, and 
Solution of Citrate of Iron and Ammonium to 15 ounces of 
Elixir Calisaya. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and Iron salts, com- 
bined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 301 

563. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Bismuth 

and Strychnine. 

Elixir Calisaya, Citrate of Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. Fer- 
rated Elixir Cinchona with Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1 grain. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, then dissolve the Iron salt in the same 
manner. Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid 
of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the solu- 
tion, then after standing filter. 

This may also be made by adding 1 fl. drachm solution of 
Strychnine Sulphate to a pint Elixir Calisaya Ferrated with 
Bismuth, or by adding equivalent quantities of solutions of 
Citrate of Iron, Citrate of Bismuth and Sulphate of Strych- 
nine to Elixir Calisaya. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Bismuth, and 
1 -1 28 grains of Strychnine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 

This is a dark wine-colored Elixir, better known, perhaps, by 
the name Elixir Cinchona, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. A 
light-colored Elixir is made with Pyrophosphate of Iron 
instead of the Citrate. (See No. 571.) 

564. Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, with Strychnine. 

Elixir Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, ingrain. 

Elixir Calisaya Ferrated, i pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add \)A fl.drachm of solution Sulphate of 
Strychnine to a pint of Ferrated Elixir Calisaya. A fl.drachm 
contains i grain Citrate of Iron, and , \ „ grain Strychnine 
combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
two. 



302 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



This is a dark wine-colored Elixir, better known by the 
name Elixir Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine. Light greenish- 
colored Elixirs of Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine are made with 
Phosphate of Iron (568) and Pyrophosphate of Iron (572). 

565. Elixir Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron. 

ELIXIR CALISAYA FERRI-PHOSPHATED. 

Elixir Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron, Elixir Bark and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . 256 grains. 

Water, l% fl. ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in the water by the aid of 
heat, and add the Elixir; after standing, filter. 

This is a fine Elixir of Calisaya with the new Phosphate of 
Iron. It cannot be used for combining with Ammonio- 
Citrate of Bismuth, because it is an acid solution ; but for most 
purposes is preferable to the Elixir made with the Pyrophos- 
phate of Iron. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Phosphate of Iron com- 
bined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
more. The Elixirs of Calisaya and Phosphate of Iron which 
are called " Ferri-phosphated " in this Formulary are of a 
light greenish color, similar in appearance to Caswell & 
Hazard's Ferro-phosphorated Elixirs of Calisaya. They are 
the best forms of Elixir " Bark and Iron." 

Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron (569) is similar 
in appearance and properties to this. 

566. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 

Pepsin. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated (565), . 1 pint. 

Mix the Pepsin with the Elixir and macerate with occa- 
sional agitation for a few days, then filter. By warming to 
about 120 F., this may be made in a few hours. 






ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 303 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each, Phosphate of Iron and 
Pepsin, combined with Elixir Calisaya. Dose, a teaspoonful 
to a dessertspoonful. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin may also be made by com- 
bining Pepsin with Elixir Calisaya Ferrated (561), or Elixir 
Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron (569) in the same manner 
as above directed. 



567. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 

Pepsin and Strychnine. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Pepsin and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine \]4. grain. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Pepsin (566), . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add \yo fl. drachm of Solution Sulphate of 
Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Calisaya Iron and Pepsin. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each, Phosphate of Iron and 
Pepsin, and -j/,,, grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Cali- 
saya. Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Pepsin and Strychnine may also be made 
from Elixirs of Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine 1564 or 572) by 
macerating 256 grains of Pepsin in a pint as directed (566). 

\ 

568. Elixir Calisaya Ferri-phosphated with 

Strychnine. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, .... i'.. grain. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales < [880), . 256 grains. 

Water i ' .. ll. mince. 

Elixir Calisaya 14 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Strychnine first in the water by the aid of heat, 
then add the Phosphate of Iron, a portion at a time until all 
is dissolved, t<> this add the Elixir Calisaya, and after standing, 

filter. 



304 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron and jfa 
grain Sulphate of Strychnine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

This is the best one of the Elixirs Calisaya, Iron and Strych- 
nine. It cannot be combined with Bismuth or other salts or 
solutions which are precipitated with acids. 

For other Elixirs Calisaya or Cinchona, Iron and Strychnine, 
see 564, 572. 

569. Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

" Ferro-phosphorated" Elixir of Calisaya, " Ferrated Cordial 
Elixir." 

Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 

Water \ l / 2 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 

Heat the water, and add the Iron salt, a portion at a time 
until all is dissolved, then add the Elixir Calisaya, and after 
standing, filter. Or add an equivalent quantity of solution 
Pyrophosphate of Iron to the Elixir Calisaya. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
combined with Elixir Calisaya. 

This is similar in appearance to No. 565, but is a neutral 
instead of a slightly acid Elixir. It is the popular " Ferro- 
phosphorated Elixir of Calisaya," which has been so long and 
favorably known on the market. When it is desired to make 
a light-colored Elixir Calisaya and Iron to combine with 
Bismuth, this Elixir is the one to be used. 



570. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 
and Bismuth. 

Fcrro-phosphoratcd Elixir of Calisaya with Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of 

Iron 15 fl. ounces. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 305 



Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid of a few 
drops of Water of Ammonia, and add the Elixir Calisaya and 
Iron. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain Bismuth and 2 grains Iron 
combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
more. This is the only light-colored Elixir of Calisaya and 
Iron with which Bismuth may be combined. 



571. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \yi grain. 

Elixir Calisaya Phosphate of Iron and 

Bismuth, 1 pint. 

Rub the Strychnine with separate portions of the Elixir to 
dissolve, or add \ 1 /? fl. drachm Solution Sulphate of Strych- 
nine to a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Bismuth and 
Too g ra ' n Strychnine, combined with Elixir Calisaya. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



572. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 
and Strychnine. 

Elixir ( alisaya, Iron and Strychnine, " Ferrophosphoratcd Elixir 

of ( 'alisaya, with Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine \]/> grain. 

Elixir ('alisaya and Pyrophosphate of 

Iron 1 pint. 

I\ul) tlu- Strychnine salt with separate portions of tin- Elixir 
t<> dissolve, or add ij4 fl.drachm of Solution Sulphate of 
Strychnine to a pint of the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl.drachm contains 2 grains of Iron, and , \ „ grain Strych- 
nine combined with Elixir Calisaya. 



80(5 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



573. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
Bismuth and Pepsin. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron 

and Bismuth (570), 1 pint. 

Mix and macerate for several days with occasional agitation, 
then filter through cloth. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each 
of Iron and Pepsin, and 1 grain of Bismuth, combined with 
Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



574. Elixir Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
Bismuth, and Strychnine with Pepsin. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth, Strychnine and Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and 

Strychnine (571), 1 pint. 

Mix and macerate for a few days then filter through cloth. 

This may also be made by adding 1^ fl. drachm solution of 
Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and 
Pepsin (573). 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Bismuth, 2 
grains Pepsin, and T ^y grain Strychnine, with Elixir Calisaya. 
Dose, a teaspoonful or two. 

575. Elixir Calisaya and Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya, I pint. 

Mix the Pepsin with the Elixir, macerate for a few days and 
filter through cloth. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Pepsin combined with 
Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 307 



576. Elixir Calisaya, Bismuth and Pepsin. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
Elixir Calisaya and Pepsin I pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth Salt in I ounce of water, by the aid 
of a few drops Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Pepsin and 1 grain Bismuth, 
combined with Elixir Calisaya. 



577. Elixir Calisaya with Beef Extract. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Elixir Calisaya 1 pint. 

Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 

The dose is from a dessert to a tablespoonful. 



578. Elixir Calisaya and Iron with Beef 

Extract. 

Elixir Calisaya, Beef and Iron. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat, ^ ounce av. 

Elixir Calisaya, Ferrated (561), . . . 1 pint. 

Rub the P^xtract with the Elixir until the)' are uniformly 
mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 

579. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth, with 

Beef Extract. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron, Bismuth and Beef. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat ]/ 2 ounce aw 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth (562), i pint. 
Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 

The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



:>> )S ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

580. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, 

with Extract of Beef. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat, y' 2 ounce av. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, . 1 pint. 

Rub the Extract with the Elixir until they are uniformly 
mixed, macerate for a few days and filter. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

581. Elixir Calisaya with Hypophosphites 

Compound. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime), . 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium (Soda), . . 128 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 

Hypophosphorous Acid, I fl. ounce. 

Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder, then with the 
Elixir Calisaya, and add the Hypophosphorous Acid ; when 
dissolved, filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Hypophosphites combined 
with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

582. Elixir Calisaya with Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya I pint. 

Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
filter through cloth. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactopeptine, combined 
with Elixir Calisaya. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 

583. Elixir Calisaya and Iron with Lacto- 

peptine. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya and Iron (565), ... 1 pint. 

Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
filter through cloth. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 309 



A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactopeptine, 2 grains of 
Phosphate of Iron, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



584. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth, with 

Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Bismuth (570), I pint. 

Mix and macerate in a warm place for several days, then 
filter through cloth. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine, 2 grains Iron 
and 1 grain Bismuth, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

585. Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine, with 

Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Elixir Calisaya, Iron and Strychnine (568), 1 pint. 

Mix and macerate for several days in a warm place. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine, 2 grains Iron, 
and - r ^- (T grain Strychnine, combined with Elixir Calisaya. 

The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

Other combinations of Lactopeptine with Elixirs of Calisaya 
may be made by adding 256 grains of Lactopeptine to a pint 
of the combination desired. 



586. Elixir Calisaya with Lactophosphate of 
Calcium ( Lime). 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate of Calcium, 
combined with Elixir Calisaya. 



310 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



587. Elixir Calisaya with Lactophosphates 

Compound. 

Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, 1 fl. ounce. 
Lactic Acid, concentrated, . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

588. Elixir Calisaya with Phosphates Com- 

pound. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates, . 8 fl. ounces. 

Red Cherry Juice, 1 pint. 

Elixir Calisaya, 5 pints. 

Syrup, 1 pint. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix and filter. 

As thus prepared this very much resembles a popular pro- 
prietary elixir, known as " Wheeler's Elixir." If the Red 
Cherry Juice is not at hand, Raspberry Juice may be used in 
place of it, or elixir may be used and the preparations colored 
red and flavored with a little Essence Bitter Almond. y 2 ounce 
of Lactic Acid may be added if desired, which makes the com- 
position still more like Wheeler's. 

589. Elixir Calisaya with " Protoxide " of Iron. 

Elixir Peruvian Bark with "Protoxide" of Iron. 

Solution of " Protoxide " of Iron, . . 6 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 1 pint. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 5 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make I gallon. 

Mix, color with Caramel coloring, and filter. 

This Elixir is similar in composition to " Nichols'," which 
is a well-known proprietary Elixir. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 311 



590. Elixir Calisaya with Tincture Chloride 

of Iron. 

Citrate of Potassium, y 2 ounce av. 

Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 

Elixir Calisaya (558), 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and add the Tincture of 
Iron ; filter. 

A fl. drachm contains about 6 drops Tincture of Chloride of 
Iron combined with Elixir Calisaya. The dose is a teaspoon- 
ful or more. 

Other Calisaya Compounds. 

The foregoing Compounds of Elixir Calisaya with other 
substances are those chiefly used, but a great variety of other 
combinations may be made, and some are called for occasion- 
ally. From the data given, they may be prepared without 
difficulty by druggists without special formulas. 

591. Elixir Camphor, Mono-bromated. 

Mono-bromated Camphor, 128 grains. 

Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Mono-bromated Camphor in the Alcohol, 
by heat of water-bath, and add the Elixir gradually to the 
solution. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. 

The dose is from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls. 

592. Elixir Capsicum. 

Capsicum, in fine powder, 256 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Macerate the Capsicum for 5 days in the Elixir, and filter. 
A fl. drachm represents 2 grains of Capsicum. 



312 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

593. Elixir Cascara Sagrada. 

Cascara Cordial. 

Cascara Sagrada Bark 16 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 6 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag Root (Calamus), .... 2 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed, 1 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 7 pints. 

Sugar, 2y 2 pounds av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 8 fl. ounces. 

Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and make an elixir by 
percolation, as directed (512). 

The dose is from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful, or 
more. 

As Cascara Sagrada is very bitter, Buckthorn Bark is fre- 
quently substituted for it in making this elixir, although it is 
not so valuable a remedy. See the Standard Remedies, Buck- 
thorn Cordial. 

594. Elixir Cathartic. 

Many preparations are sold and prescribed under the above 
title, and as the name does not indicate any particular com- 
position, the formulas for two of the most popular Cathartic 
Elixirs are given in this connection. Several others which 
have become popular as proprietary preparations will be found 
in that department, or among the Standard Remedies ; and 
still others which are frequently called for as Cathartic Elixirs 
under other headings, as Elixir Laxative, Elixir Mandrake 
Compound, Elixir Senna Compound, the Elixirs of Rhubarb, 
etc., etc. 

Senna, 2 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 1 ounce av. 

Epsom Salt, 1 ounce av 

Ginger, 48 grains. 

Coriander, 80 grains. 

Jalap, 160 grains. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 313 



Scammony, 160 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or i pint. 

Sugar, , 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 

Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, and make an elixir by 
percolation, as directed (512), then dissolve the Epsom Salt in 
the product. 

The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful. 

595. Cathartic or Laxative Elixir. 

Senna, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 

Butternut Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 

Mandrake Root, in coarse power, . y 2 ounce av. 

Sweet Flag Root, in coarse powder, y 2 ounce av. 

Rochelle Salts, 2 ounces av. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, .... 60 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, .... 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (5 12), and dissolve the salts 
in the Elixir. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoon- 
ful, or more. 

596. Elixir Celery Compound. 

Celery seed, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Coca leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 
Black Haw Bark, in coarse powder, . 1 ounce av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring i fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 

A II. drachm represents about 10 grains of the drugs. The 
dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

This is similar to a popular proprietary preparation known 
as •• ( e/erina." 



314 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



597. Elixir Chloral. 

Elixir Chloral Hydrate, or Hydrate of Chloral. 

Chloral (Hydrate of Chloral), in Crystals, 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Chloral in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Chloral. The dose is from 
a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Elixir Butyl Chloral, or Croton Chloral may be made in the 
same proportion. See 622. 

598. Elixir Chlorate of Potassium. 

Chlorate of Potassium in fine powder, 256 grains. 

Hot water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salt in the hot water as nearly as possible, and 
add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Chlorate of Potassium. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

599. Elixir Chloride of Ammonium. 

Elixir Muriate of Ammonia. 

Chloride of Ammonium in powder, . . 1280 grains. 
Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Chloride of Ammonium. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

600. Elixir Chloride of Iron, Tasteless. 

Elixir Muriate of Iron, Tasteless. 

Citrate of Potassium, 400 grains. 

Tincture Chloride of Iron, 640 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and add the tincture. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 315 



A fl.drachm contains 5 minims of Tincture Chloride of Iron, 
rendered tasteless by the addition of Citrate of Potassium. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 



601. Elixir Chloride of Iron and Arsenic. 

Solution Chloride of Arsenic, .... 640 minims. 

Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 

Citrate of Potassium, 240 grains. 

Elixir, enough to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, add the Tincture of Iron, and 
lastly the solution. 

A fl.drachm contains 6 drops Tincture of Iron, and about 
5^ grains Arsenic. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



602. Elixir Chloroform. 

Chloroform, 128 minims. 

Alcohol, \y 2 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, sufficient to make .... 1 pint. 

A fl.drachm contains one minim of Chloroform, making a 
very convenient way of regulating the dose, which is from a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



603. Elixir Cinchonidine. 

Elixir CincJionidia. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 

Elixir 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing in a mortar with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir. In cold weather it may be necessary t<> 
warm the Elixir in order to effect the solution. 

A fl.drachm contains one grain of the salt. The d<>^c is 
from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



310 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



604. Elixir Cinchonidine and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 
Elixir Cinchonidine, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron by rubbing with the Elixir. This makes 
a dark wine-colored Elixir. If the light-greenish color is de- 
sired, use Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880) instead of the 
Citrate, dissolving it in a little hot water. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Cinchonidine and 
1 grain of the Iron salt. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 



605. Elixir Cinchonidine, Iron and Arsenic. 

Solution Chloride of Arsenic, . . . 640 minims. 
Elixir Cinchonidine and Iron, ... 1 pint. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains nearly a grain each of Cinchonidine 
and Iron and about ■£$ grain Arsenic. 



606. Elixir Cinchonidine, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 

Phosphate of Iron (1880) in scales, . . 128 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt in the Water by the aid of heat, 
and then add the Iron salt, and when dissolved add the solu- 
tion to the Elixir, in which the Cinchonidine has previously 
been dissolved. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of Iron and Cinchonidine 
and ,1-^ grain Strychnine. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

An Elixir similar to this was formerly much used as a sub- 
stitute for Elixir, Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 
but as Quinine is now so cheap, its use has greatly decreased. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 317 



607. Elixir Cincho-Quinine. 

Cincho-quinine, 128 grains. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Cincho-quinine with the Elixir, and gradually add 
the diluted Sulphuric Acid, a few drops at a time, until the 
solution is complete. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Elixirs may be made from most of the mixed salts of Cin- 
chona, which are similar to Cincho-quinine, in the same man- 
ner as this. 

608. Elixir Citrate of Caffeine. 

Citrate of Caffeine, 64 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. This may also be made 
double the strength of Citrate of Caffeine if desired. 

A fl. drachm made as above contains ]/ 2 grain of the Caffeine 
salt. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

609. Elixir Citrate of Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of soluble Citrate of Iron. 
The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

610. Elixir Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

Citrate of Iron and Quinine 256 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
Elixir, and filter. 



318 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



This may also be made by dissolving 192 grains Citrate of 
Iron and Ammonium and 64 grains Quinine in a pint of the 
Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the salt, representing about 
]/ 2 grain Quinine. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

611. Elixir Citrate of Iron, Quinine and 

Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \ x / 2 grain. 

Elixir Citrate of Iron and Quinine, . I pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add \ x / 2 fl. drachm solution of Sulphate 
of Strychnine. 

This may also be made by dissolving 256 grains of the com- 
pound salt Citrate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine in a pint 
of Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains about 1^ grain Iron, y 2 grain Quinine 
and y^Q- grain Strychnine. 

612. Elixir Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 
Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Dissolve the salts by rubbing with the Elixir. 

This may also be made from the compound salt Citrate of 
Iron and Strychnine by dissolving 256 grains in a pint of the 
Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron and -^ grain Strychnine. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

613. Elixir Citrate of Lithium. 

Citrate of Lithium, 256 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Citrate of Lithium. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 319 



614. Elixir Cocaine. 

Hydrochlorate of Cocaine, .... 32 grains. 
Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains y± grain of Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, as an anodyne and 
hypnotic. 

Hydrochlorate of Cocaine may be combined with many 
other Elixirs, and will be found advantageous in all the seda- 
tive and anodyne combinations. 

615. Elixir Coffee. 

Roasted Java Coffee, 4 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 

A fl. drachm represents about 15 grains of Coffee. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more. 

This Elixir is used mainly to mask the taste of disagreeable 
medicines, and may be combined to advantage with many 
bitter salts, fluid extracts, etc. 



616. Elixir Colombo. 

Colombo, in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or it ma)- be made 
by rubbing 2 ounces of Fluid Extract of Colombo with 2 
drachms Carbonate of Magnesium and 1 pint of Elixir, and 

filtering. 

A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Colombo. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 



3*20 F.LIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



617. Elixir Conium and Iron. 

Fluid Extract of Conium 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, ... 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix and, after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains of Conium and 2 
grains Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

618. Elixir Corrosive Sublimate. 

Elixir Bichloride of Mercury. 

It is sometimes desirable to have a preparation of Bichloride 
of Mercury for internal use, and it is best exhibited for this 
purpose in the form of an Elixir, which may be made as 
follows : 

Bichloride of Mercury 16 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the salt with separate portions of the Elixir until 
dissolved. 

A fl. drachm contains ]/% grain Corrosive Sublimate. 

The dose is x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 

This is a very convenient form of preparing a solution of 
Bichloride of Mercury for internal use, as the dose can be 
easily regulated, and the metallic taste is well disguised. 

619. Elixir Corydalis. 

Corydalis, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces aw 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 1 pint. 

Sugar - . 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). It may also be made 
by mixing 2 ounces of the Fluid Extract of Corydalis with 14 
ounces of Elixir. 

A (I. drachm represents about 7^ grains of the drug. 

The close is a teaspoonful or more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 321 



620. Elixir Corydalis Compound. 

Corydalis, ] 

Yellow Dock, ] of each 

Tag Alder, [ 

Figwort I I ounce av. 

Mandrake, J 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., or 20 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an alterative and 
diuretic. 



621. Elixir Croton-Chloral Hydrate. 

Elixir Butyl-Chloral Hydrate. 

Butyl-Chloral Hydrate, 640 grains. 

Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Elixir sufficient to make, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the water and add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Butyl or Croton-Chloral 
Hydrate. The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls as a hypnotic 
and anodyne. 

622. Elixir Cyanide of Potassium. 

Cyanide of Potassium, [6 grains. 

Elixir 1 pint. 

Pub the salt with the Elixir until dissolved, and filter. 

A fl.drachm contains ';; grain Cyanide of Potassium. Dose, 
X / A to 1 teaspoonful. 

This is a convenient and safe preparation for administering 
this salt internally, as is sometimes desired. 



322 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



623. Elixir Damiana. 

Damiana Leaves 1280 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made by 
mixing 2Vq fl. ounces of Fl. Ext. Damiana with 13^/8 fl. ounces 
of Elixir, and filtering. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Damiana. The dose is 
from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. 

624. Elixir Damiana Compound. 

Fluid Extract of Buchu, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica 2 fl. drachms. 

Fluid Extract of Cubebs, 2 fl. drachms. 

Fluid Extract of Damiana, 1 fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 60 grains. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts and rub with the Carbonate of 
Magnesium ; then add the Elixir and filter. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or two, as a diuretic, etc. 

625. Elixir Dandelion. 

Elixir of Taraxacum. 

Fluid Extract of Dandelion, . . . 2^ fl. ounces. 
Elixir, 13^ fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Dandelion Root. 
The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more, 
as a laxative and tonic. 

626. Elixir Dandelion Compound. 

Elixir Taraxacum Compound. 

Dandelion Root in coarse powder, . 16 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 8 ounces av. 

Gentian Root, 1 ounce av. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



323 



Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel, 2 ounces av. 

Canada Snake Root, y 2 ounce av. 

Cloves in fine powder, ^ ounce av. 

Cinnamon, in fine powder, .... I ounce av. 

Coriander, in fine powder, .... 'i ounce av. 
Cardamom, in fine powder, .... % ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about I gallon. 

Sugar, 2*/2 pounds. 

To make I gallon of the Elixir. 
Make by percolation as directed (512). 

This Elixir is variously prepared by different authorities, but 
amounts to about the same as made by any of the standard 
formulas. It is used chiefly as a vehicle for unpleasant medi- 
cines, and to mask the taste of Quinine. It is also given 
as a mild tonic and laxative in doses of a dessertspoonful or 
more. It has been a very popular Elixir. The New-York and 
Brooklyn Formulary makes Elixir Taraxacum Compound very 
sweet with syrup. 



627. 



Elixir Dialysed Iron. 

Elixir Ferri Dialysati. 



Dialysed Iron Solution (504), .... 640 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Dialysed Iron. The dose is 
a teaspoonful or two. 



628. 



Elixir Digitalis. 



Fluid Extract of Digitalis 256 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

.Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 minims Fluid Extract of Digitalis. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



324 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



629. Elixir Ergot. 

Fluid Extract of Ergot, 2 l / 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

This is the same strength as Wine of Ergot, and is much to 
be preferred to it. It may also be made by percolation from 
freshly powdered Ergot, but is probably fully as reliable made 
from a good fluid extract. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 



630. Elixir Erythroxylon. 

Elixir of Coca. 

Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1280 grains. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). Or it may be made 
by mixing 2$/% fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Erythroxylon with 
i; v ; :; fl. ounces of Elixir. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Coca leaves. 

The dose is I to 2 fl. drachms or more, as a nerve tonic, etc. 



631. Elixir Eucalyptus. 

Eucalyptus Leaves, in coarse powder, . 1280 grains. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 14 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). Or it may be made 
by mixing 2$/q fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Eucalyptus with 2 
fl. ounces of Alcohol and 11^ fl. ounces of Elixir. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Eucalyptus. The dose is 
a teaspoonful or more, as an aromatic stimulant. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 325 



632. Elixir Eucalyptus Compound. 

Eucalyptus Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 
Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, ... 1 ounce av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). It may also be made 
from the Fluid Extracts of Eucalyptus 2 ounces, Liquorice 
and Wild Cherry each 1 ounce, mixed with 12 ounces of Elixir, 
and filtered through a little carbonate of magnesium. 

This Elixir is used mainly as a vehicle for Quinine and other 
bitter medicines. Its astringent properties render the Quinine 
insoluble, and therefore tasteless. 



633. Elixir Euonymus. 

Elixir of WaJioo. 

Fluid Extract Wahoo, 2 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Liquorice, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 13*^ fl. ounces. 

Mix, and, after standing, filter. 

This may also be made by percolating 2 ounces av. of Wahoo 
and yi ounce of Liquorice root in coarse powder with Elixir 
Percolating Menstruum 1 pint, and adding Sugar 5 ounces av., 
and soluble Flavoring I fl. ounce, as directed (512). 

A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains of Wahoo. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or more as a bitter tonic and laxative. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Fluid Ex- 
tract Euonymus 2]/, fl. ounces. Syrup <>f Coffee 2 (1. ounces, 
Water 2 ll. ounces, Compound Elixir of Taraxacum q. s. to 
make 16 fl. ounces. 

634. Elixir Frangula (or Buckthorn). 

'flic New-York and Brooklyn Formulary gives tin- follow- 
ing formula under this title. It should not be mistaken for 



320 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



the proprietary preparation known as Buckthorn Cordial, 
which will be found among the Standard Remedies : 

Fluid Extract of Frangula (Buckthorn), 4 fl. ounces. 

Compound Elixir of Taraxacum, ... 4 fl. ounces. 

« Simple Elixir, 8 fl. ounce. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm represents 15 grains Frangula. The dose is 
a dessertspoonful or more. 



635. Elixir Gelsemium. 

Elixir Yellow Jasmine. 

Fluid Extract Gelsemium, 640 minims. 

Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, and, after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 5 grains Gelsemium. The dose is 
from y 2 to a teaspoonful. 

636. Elixir Gentian. 

Gentian Root, in coarse powder, . . . 2^ ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . 1^ ounces av. 

Coriander Seed, in fine powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 

Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 7^ pints. 

Sugar, 2y 2 pounds av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 8 fl. ounces. 

To make I gallon of Elixir. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). Add the whites of 
2 eggs, shake, allow to stand two or three days, and filter 
clear. 

This is the same strength as the old official Compound In- 
fusion of Gentian. The whites of eggs are added for the 
purpose of removing any astringent principles, so that the 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 327 

Elixir may be mixed with solutions of Iron. It is the base of 
all the Gentian Elixirs, which may be made from it by adding 
various salts, solutions, etc. 

The dose of the Simple Elixir of Gentian as a stomachic is 
a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs : 

Extract of Gentian, 70 grains. 

Aromatic Spirit 3 fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Vanilla, 3 fl. drachms. 

Syrup 1 fl.ounce. 

Simple Elixir, 16 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Extract in the Syrup by trituration. Add the Vanilla and 
Elixir. 



637. Elixir Gentian and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
Elixir Gentian, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth salt in a little water by the aid of a 
few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir, and 
filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Bismuth salt combined 
with Elixir Gentian. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or two — an excellent stomachic. 



638. Elixir Gentian and Citrate of Iron. 

Ferrated Elixir of Gentian. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
Elixir ( rentian, i pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl.drachm contains 1 grain of Citrate of Iron combined 
with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



328 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



639. Elixir Gentian, Iron and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 
Elixir Gentian and Citrate of Iron (638), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth salt in a little water by the aid of a 
few drops Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir Gentian 
and Iron. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Bismuth com- 
bined with Elixir of Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



640. Elixir Gentian, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, ij4 grain. 

Elixir Gentian and Iron (made with 
either the Citrate, Phosphate, or Pyro- 
phosphate of Iron), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions of 
the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of Strych- 
nine, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains y^ grain Strychnine combined with 
Elixir Gentian and Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



641. Elixir Gentian, Iron, Bismuth and 
Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 

Elixir Gentian, Iron and Bismuth (639), I pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
Strychnine, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain each Iron and Bismuth and 
y^-0- grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Gentian. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 






ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 329 



642. Elixir Gentian and Phosphate of Iron. 

Ferri-phosphated Elixir of Gentian. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Gentian, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, add 
the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Iron combined 
with Elixir of Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

643. Elixir Gentian, Phosphate of Iron and 

Strychnine. 

Ferri-phosphated Elixir of Gentian with Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \ l /> grain. 

Elixir Gentian and Phosphate of Iron, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with the Elixir, or 
add an equivalent quantity of solution of Strychnine. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Phosphate of Iron and T fo 
grain of Strychnine combined with Elixir of Gentian. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

644. Elixir Gentian and Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

Ferro-phosphorated Elixir of Gentian. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 

Water 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Gentian, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, add 
the Elixir of Gentian, and filter. 

A fl.drachm contains 1 grain Pyrophosphate of Iron com- 
bined with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful <>r two. 

Other combinations of Gentian and Pyrophosphate of Iron 
may be made by adding other ingredients. 



IV.M) ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



645. Elixir Gentian and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 

Elixir Gentian, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
Strychnine, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains y-J^ grain of Strychnine Sulphate com- 
bined with Elixir Gentian. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

646. Elixir Gentian, Strychnine and Bismuth. 

Sulphate of Strychnine 1^2 grain. 

Elixir Gentian and Bismuth (637), . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of solution of 
Strychnine. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and T ^ grain Strych- 
nine combined with Elixir Bismuth. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

647. Elixir Gentian with Tincture Chloride 

of Iron. 

Solution Chloride of Iron, \y 2 fl. drachm. 

Citric Acid, 120 grains. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), . . 200 grains. 
Elixir Gentian, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 

Rub the Citric Acid to a powder and dissolve it in the Elixir 
of Gentian ; add to the solution the Carbonate of Sodium in 
crystals, and allow to stand until effervescence ceases and the 
Carbonate of Sodium is dissolved ; then add the solution of 
Iron, and after standing a day or two filter. 

This may be made by using 6 fl. drachms Tincture of Chlo- 
ride of Iron instead of the solution as directed. 

It may also be made by taking 

Tasteless Tincture Chloride of Iron, . §20 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Mix them. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 331 



In former editions of FENNER'S FORMULARY the formula 
has been — 

Citrate of Potassium or Sodium, . . y 2 ounce av. 

Tincture Chloride of Iron, 320 minims. 

Elixir Gentian, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. 

All these formulae make, practically, the same preparation ; 
the Citrate of Potassium or Sodium which is formed making 
with the Solution of Iron double salts — Citro-Chloride of Iron 
and Sodium, or Citro-Chloride of Iron and Potassium — which 
have not the styptic taste of the iron salt. 

A fl. drachm contains the equivalent of 2j^ minims (6 drops) 
of Tincture of Iron combined with Elixir of Gentian. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



648. Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron with 

Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Elixir Gentian and Tincture of Iron, . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Quinine salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Quinine combined 
with Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

649. Elixir Gentian, Chloride of Iron, 

Quinine and Strychnine. 

Elixir of Gentian and Chloride of Iron, . 1 pint. 
Sulphate of Strychnine, \]4. grain. 

Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 

Rub the Strychnine first with separate portions of the Elixir 
to dissolve, then add the Quinine salt. 

A fl. drachm contains i grain Sulphate of Quinine, ,,',,, grain 
Sulphate <>f Strychnine, combined with Elixir Gentian and 
Chloride of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 



ELIXIRIA— ELIXIRS. 



650. Elixir Gentian and Tincture Chlor- 

ide of Iron with Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine 256 grains. 

Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron, . . 1 pint. 

Macerate the Lactopeptine for 24 hours or longer, with 
occasional agitation, in the Elixir Gentian, etc., and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactopeptine combined with 
Elixir Gentian and Chloride of Iron. 

Other combinations of Lactopeptine with Elixirs of Gentian 
may be made in the same manner. 

651. Elixir Ginger. 

Soluble Extract of Ginger, .... 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm represents about 4 grains of Ginger. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or more. 

652. Elixir Grindelia Robusta. 

Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta, . . 2^/q fl. ounces. 

Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 drachms. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder, and 
then with the fluid extract and alcohol ; then gradually add 
Elixir and, after standing a day or two, filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Grindelia. The dose is 
a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs only 1 
ounce of the fluid extract in a pint. 

653. Elixir Guarana. 

Fluid Extract of Guarana, 2$/& fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 333 



A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Guarana. The dose is from 
a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 

Some formulas for Elixir Guarana direct 4 fl. ounces in a 
pint. The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary directs Fluid 
Extract Guarana 3 fl. ounces, Elixir 3 fl. ounces, Compound 
Elixir Taraxacum 10 fl. ounces. The quantity directed in our 
formula — 10 grains in a fl. drachm — is the most convenient. 



654. Elixir Guarana and Celery. 

Fluid Extract Guarana, 2 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Celery, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and filter. 

A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains each of Celery and 
Guarana. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 



655. Elixir Helonias Compound. 

Mitchella (Partridge Berry or Squaw Vine), 2 ounces av. 

Cramp Bark, I ounce av. 

Blue Cohosh, i ounce av. 

Unicorn Root (Helonias), 1 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 20 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). The dose is a tea- 
spoonful or more, as a catholicon. 



656. Elixir Hops, or Humulus. 

Hops, in coarse powder, 2->a ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about iS fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, i fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 



334 ELIXIKIA — ELIXIRS. 



This may also be made from Fluid Extract of Hops 2^i 
fl. ounces, Elixir 14 fl. ounces, Carbonate of Magnesium 1 
drachm. Mix and filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Hops. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, as a nervine and tonic. 

657. Elixir Hydrastis or Golden Seal. 

Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, Aqueous, . 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, and, after standing, filter. 

This may also be made by percolating 640 grains powdered 
Hydrastis with Elixir sufficient to make a pint. 

A fl. drachm represents 5 grains Golden Seal. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

658. Elixir Hydrastis and Iron. 

Ferri-phosphated Elixir Hydrastis. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Hydrastis, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat, and 
add to the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

Other salts of Iron may be combined with Elixir Hydrastis 
in a similar manner. 

659. Elixir Hydrastis, Iron and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 128 grains. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 

Water, I fl. ounce. 

Elixir Hydrastis, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bismuth salt in the water by the aid of a few 
drops of Water of Ammonia ; dissolve the Iron salt in the 
Elixir, and mix the solutions. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 335 



A fl. drachm contains I grain each of the Iron and Bismuth 
salts, combined with Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful or two. 

Elixir Hydrastis and Bismuth may be made the same as the 
above, only omitting the Iron salt. 

660. Elixir Hydrastis, Iron and Strychnine. 



r * &' 



Sulphate of Strychnine, 

Elixir Hydrastis and Iron, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add lyt. fl. drachm solution of Strych- 
nine to a pint of Elixir Hydrastis and Iron. 

A fl. drachm contains -j-J-^ grain Strychnine and I grain Iron, 
combined with Elixir Hydrastis. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

Other combinations may readily be made by adding various 
salts, solutions or substances to Elixir Hydrastis, or by adding 
1 ' ; fl. ounces of Aqueous Fl. Ext. Hydrastis to a pint of other 
Elixirs. 

661. Elixir Hyoscyamus or Henbane. 

Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 
Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Mix them. 

This may also be made by percolating 1280 grains Hyoscya- 
mus with Elixir Percolating Menstruum 1 pint, adding Sugar 
5 ounces, and Soluble Flavoring 1 ounce, as directed (512). 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Hyoscyamus. The dose is 

a teaspoonful or more. 

662. Elixir Hypophosphite of Calcium. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 

Elixir, I pint. 

Rub the salt to a fine powder and dissolve by rubbing with 
separate portions of the Elixir. 

A II. drachm contains 2 grains Hypophosphite of Calcium. 



336 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 
Elixirs of other Hypophosphites, as HypopJiospliite of Sodium, 
etc., may be made in the same proportion. 

663. Elixir Hypophosphites Compound. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potassium, 64 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder, and with the 
Elixir until dissolved. 

A fl. drachm contains 3*^ grains of the Hypophosphites. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

664. Elixir Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Solution of Hypophosphite of iron, . 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Hypophosphite of Iron. The 
dose is a teaspoonful. 

665. Elixir Ignatia. 

Fluid Extract Ignatia, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 3^ grains Ignatia. The dose is from 
20 to 60 minims. 

666. Elixir Iodide of Calcium. 

Iodide of Calcium, . . 128 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodide of Calcium in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the salt. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful or more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 337 

667. Elixir Iodide of Iron (Tasteless). 

Tasteless Iodide of Iron (the salt), . . . 256 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing with the Elixir. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Tasteless Iodide of Iron — a 
salt formerly patented by J. Cruse. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

668. Elixir Iodide of Potassium. 

Iodide of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of Iodide of Potassium. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

Elixir Iodide of Ammonium and Elixir Iodide of Sodium are 
made in the same manner and proportion. 

669. Elixir Ipecac. 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, i fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix and filter. 

This may also be made by macerating 1 ounce of powdered 
Ipecac in a pint of Elixir for several days, and filtering. 
A ll. drachm represents t ) )', grains of Ipecac. 
The dose as an expectorant, etc., is a teaspoonful or less ; as 
an emetic, a tablespoon ful or more. 

670. Elixir Ipecac and Opium. 

Dover's Elixir. 

Opium, in powder, [28 grains. 

[pecac, in powder [28 grains. 

Elixir 1 pint. 

Macerate the powders in the Elixir, with occasional agita- 
tion for a week, and filter. 



338 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

This may also be made by taking 

Tincture of Opium, 2^ fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, 3^ A. ounce. 

Elixir, 13 fl. ounces. 

Mix, let stand, and filter. 

A fl. drachm of this Elixir represents 1 grain each Opium 
and Ipecac, and is equivalent to 10 grains Dover's Powder. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium is to be preferred for making 
this Elixir, but is not directed, as it is not a complete repre- 
sentative of powdered Opium. 

671. Elixir Jaborandi. 

Elixir Pilocarpus. 

Fluid Extract of Jaborandi 23^ fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix, and after standing filter, adding a little powdered Car- 
bonate Magnesium to the filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Jaborandi. The dose is 
a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. . 

672. Elixir Juniper Berries. 

Fluid Extract of Juniper Berries, . . 23^ fl. ounces. 

Holland Gin 4 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 10 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 drachm. 

Mix the liquids; rub with the Carbonate Magnesium in a 
mortar, and filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Juniper Berries. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or more. 

673. Elixir Kairine. 

Kairine, 128 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Kairine. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful or two. 



ELIXIRS. 



674. Elixir Lactate of Iron. 

Solution " Protoxide of Iron," . . . 1 fl. ounce. 
Lactic Acid, Concentrated, .... \y 2 fl. drachm. 
Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm represents 1 grain Lacto-citrate of Iron. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

The Elixir Lactate of Iron may also be made by dissolving 
128 grains Lactate of Iron in a pint of Elixir and adding i 1 /^ 
fl. drachm Lactic Acid. 



675. Elixir Lactate of Iron and Pepsin. 

Pepsin, Saccharated, 256 grains. 

Elixir Lactate of Iron, ....... 1 pint. 

Macerate the Pepsin in the Elixir for several days, and 
strain. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Saccharated Pepsin and 1 grain 
Lactate of Iron. Dose, a teaspoonful or two. 

676. Elixir Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine, 384 grains. 

Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Lactopeptine in the mixed liquids for several 
days in a warm place. Color with cochineal coloring and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

A great variety of combinations of Lactopeptine with other 
preparations may be made by macerating 256 grains Lacto- 
peptine in a pint of the required Elixir. The combinations of 
Lactopeptine with Calisaya and Gentian Elixirs will be found 
under those headings. 



340 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



677. Elixir Lactopeptine and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . .128 grains. 
Elixir Lactopeptine (uncolored), .... I pint. 
Dissolve the Bismuth salt with half an ounce of water by 
the aid of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the 
Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine and 1 grain of 
Bismuth. The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

678. Elixir Lactopeptine, Bismuth and 

Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 

Elixir Lactopeptine and Bismuth, . . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add an equivalent quantity of Solution 
of Strychnine. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine, 1 grain Bismuth, 
and y^ grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

679. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium (Lime). 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Lactophosphate of Calcium. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

680. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium and 

Iron. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron, .... 1 fl. ounce. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Calcium and Iron salts in 
solution. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 341 



681. Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium with 

Pepsin. 

Pepsin, saccharated 256 grains. 

Elixir Lactophosphate of Calcium, . . 1 pint. 

Macerate the Pepsin in the Elixir for several days, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Lactophosphate of Lime 
and Pepsin. 

A great variety of other combinations of the Lactophos- 
phates with other substances may be made up in the form of 
Elixirs, by adding the solutions of Lactophosphates to the 
required Elixirs, or other substances to Elixirs of Lacto- 
phosphates. 

682. Elixir Laxative. 

A number of preparations by this name have been quite 
popular. The following formula makes a preparation similar 
to the one which has been best received : 

Senna, in coarse powder -2 ounces av. 

Gentian, in coarse powder, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . 1 drachm. 

Coriander Seed, in fine powder, ... 1 drachm. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, ... 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 ounce av. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . . 12S grains. 

Make by percolation as directed (5 12). Detannate with ]/ 2 
ounce white of egg. Dissolve the Iron salt in 1 ounce of hot 
water, and add to the detannated Elixir. It may also be 
made by adding 2 fl. ounces Fluid Extract Senna and yi 
fl. ounce Tincture Cardamom Seed to 14^ fl. ounces of Elixir 
Gentian and Phosphate of Iron. The dose is a dessertspoon- 
ful to a tablespoonful as a laxative and tonic. 

Other Laxative Elixirs are noted under the Cathartic Elixirs 

and among the Standard Remedies. 



342 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



683. Elixir Lactucarium. 

Lactucarium, 256 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Macerate the Lactucarium in the Elixir for 24 hours; then 
rub it to a smooth mixture with the Elixir, and after standing 
a day or two filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Lactucarium. 

The dose is a teaspoon ful or more. 

684. Elixir Leptandra. 

Leptandra (Culver's Root), in coarse 

powder, . 1280 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made 
by mixing 2^ fl. ounces of Fluid Extract Leptandra with 
enough Elixir to make a pint. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Leptandra. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

685. Elixir Liquorice. 

Elixir Glycyrrhiza. 

Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, . . 2^ ounces av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about I pint. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or it may be made by 
mixing Fluid Extract Liquorice 2% fl. ounces with Water of 
Ammonia, 20 minims, and Elixir 14 fl. ounces. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Liquorice Root. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

This Elixir is much used as a vehicle for bitter medicines, as 
Quinine, etc. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 343 

686. Elixir Liquorice Compound. 

Elixir Glycyrrhisa Compound. 

Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, . . \% ounce av. 

Wild Cherry, in coarse powder, I ounce av. 

Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, . . I drachm. 

Coriander Seed, in fine powder, . . i drachm. 

Cinnamon, in fine powder, I drachm. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about I pint. 

Water of Ammonia, I fl. drachm. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or add the Fluid 
Extract of the drugs to Elixir, as directed (513). 

This Elixir is used chiefly as a vehicle for Quinine and other 
bitter medicines. 

687. Elixir Lobelia Compound. 

Lobelia, in coarse powder, 1 ounce av. 

Bloodroot, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 
Skunk Cabbage, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or add 1 ounce each 
of the Fluid Extracts of the drugs to 13 fl. ounces of Elixir. 
The dose is y> to 1 teaspoonful as an expectorant. 

688. Elixir Lupulin. 

Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 

Lupulin 2.< 4 ounces av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 12 fl. ounces. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 



344 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



Make by percolation as directed (512), or add 2 3^ fl. ounces 
of the Fluid Extract Lupulin to 14 fl. ounces Elixir, and filter 
through Carbonate Magnesium. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Lupulin. 

The dose is a teaspoon ful. 

689. Elixir Malt. 

Extract of Malt 4 fl. ounces. 

Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix thoroughly, and, after standing, strain or filter. 

The dose is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful. 

690. Elixir Malt with Hypophosphites. 

Extract of Malt, 4 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Hypophosphites Compound (663), 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix thoroughly, and, after standing, strain or filter. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful. 



691. Elixir Malt and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Malt 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
add to the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Iron combined 
with Elixir Malt. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 



692. Other Malt Elixirs. 

A great variety of combinations of Malt with other Elixirs 
may be made either by adding 4 fl. ounces of Extract of Malt 
to the required Elixir as directed (690), or adding the required 
substances to Elixir Malt, as directed (691). 






ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 345 

693. Elixir Mandrake or May Apple. 

Elixir Podophyllum Compound. 

Fluid Extract of Mandrake 2 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and, after standing, filter through a little Carbon- 
ate of Magnesium. 

A fl. drachm represents 7 grains Mandrake. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 

694. Elixir Mandrake Compound. 

Elixir Podophyllum Compound. 

Mandrake (Podophyllum), in powder, . 1 ounce av. 
Leptandra (Culver's Root), in powder, 1 ounce av. 

Senna, in coarse powder, 1 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or mix the Fluid 
Extracts of the drugs with Elixir, and filter through Carbon- 
ate Magnesium. 

A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains each of the drugs. 

The dose is a teaspoonful as a cholagogue and laxative. 

695. Elixir Matico Compound. 

Matico, in coarse powder i ounce av. 

Buchu, in coarse powder, 1 ounce aw 

Cubebs, in line powder I ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about l S tl. ounces. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring i tl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (5 12), or by mixing the 
fluid extracts of the drugs with Elixir, rubbing with Carbonate 



346 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



of Magnesium, and filtering. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
more. 

696. Elixir Mono-bromated Camphor Comp. 

Mono-bromated Camphor 16 grains. 

Butyl-Chloral, 24 grains. 

Spirit of Cinnamon \y 2 fi. ounce. 

Tincture of Gelsemium, 80 minims. 

Elixir \ l / 2 fl. ounce. 

Syrup, ..." 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Butyl-Chloral and Mono-bromated Camphor with 
the Spirit of Cinnamon ; add the Tincture of Gelsemium, then 
the Elixir, then the Syrup, mixing them well together. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. 

This is considerably prescribed in France. 

697. Elixir Morphine. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Elixir I pint. 

Mix and dissolve. 

A fl. drachm contains l /% grain Sulphate of Morphine. 

The dose is a teaspoonful. 

This preparation is of the same strength as the Liquor Mor- 
pJiicc Sulphatis, formerly official, but is a better preparation, as 
it will keep any length of time. 



698. Elixir Nux Vomica. 

Tincture Nux Vomica, 640 minims. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, 2 fl. drachms. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, and after standing filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Tincture Nux Vomica. 
The dose is from y 2 to a teaspoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 347 



699. Elixir Opium. 

Opium, in powder, 128 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Opium with the Elixir, and macerate for several 
days, then filter. 

It may also be made by mixing 

Tincture Opium, 2y% fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

An Elixir Opium Deodorized may be made in the same way 
from the Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 

A fl. drachm of Elixir Opium represents 1 grain Opium. 

The dose is a teaspoonful. 

A proprietary preparation known as McMunris Elixir of 
Opium is the same as Deodorized Tincture of Opium, and 
should not be dispensed when Elixir Opium is directed, unless 
it is particularly designated. 

700. Elixir Orange. 

Elixir Aurantii. 

Oil of Orange, fresh, 30 minims. 

Alcohol, 6 fl. ounces. 

Water 10 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 120 grains. 

Dissolve the Oil of Orange in the Alcohol, rub the Magne- 
sium Carbonate to a fine powder, and add to the Water; then 
gradually add the mixture of Magnesium to the Solution of 
Orange, and after mixing thoroughly allow to stand; then 
filter clear and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 

This Elixir is known by many names, and used mostly as an 
adjuvant or simple Elixir. It may also be made by macerating 
4 ounces of fresh Orange Peel in half a pint of Alcohol for 
several days, draining and pressing; then adding 8 ounces of 
Water and 4 ounces of Syrup, and filtering. 

For other Elixirs of Orange see Simple Elixir, Aromatic 
Elixir, Adjuvant Elixir, Curacoa Cordial, etc. 



848 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



701. 



Elixir Orange Compound. 



Elixir Vicerale Hoffman n i. 

This Elixir was formerly official in the German Pharma- 
copoeia. The formula is as follows: 

Orange Peel, cut, . 

Cinnamon 

Carbonate of Potassium 
Sherry Wine, . . . 
Extract of Gentian, . 
Extract of Wormwood, 
Extract of Buckbean, 
Extract of Cascarilla, 

Macerate the Orange, Cinnamon and Carbonate of Potassium 
for 8 days in the Wine, pour off, express, and dissolve the 
extracts in the liquid. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



50 


parts or 


3 ? 4 


ounces. 


10 


parts or 


6 


drachms. 


2% 


parts or 


90 


grains. 


SO 


parts or 


19 


fl. ounces. 


5 


parts or 


3 


drachms. 


5 


parts or 


3 


drachms. 


5 


parts or 


3 


drachms. 


5 


parts or 


3 


drachms. 



702. Elixir Pancreatin. 

This Elixir may be made from the fresh Pancreas of the 
pig, as follows : 

The Pancreas of 3 pigs, chopped. 

Water, 6 pints. 

Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid 2 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for 3 days in a cool place, then strain and add — 

Elixir, 3 pints. 

Alcohol 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, 2 fl. ounces. 

After standing a few days filter. 

This may also be made from Pancreatin : 

Pancreatin, 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 4 ounces av. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 349 

Macerate the Pancreatin for 24 hours or more in the Elixir 
and Glycerin, and filter. 

The dose of Elixir Pancreatin is a dessertspoonful or more. 



703. Elixir Pancreatin and Pepsin. 

Pancreatin, 256 grains. 

Pepsin, 256 grains. 

Glycerin, 4 ounces av. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Macerate the powders for 24 hours or longer in the Elixir 
and Glycerin, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Pacreatin and Pepsin. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful. 



704. Elixir Pancreatin, Pepsin and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 64 grains. 
Elixir, Pancreatin, and Pepsin, ... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth salt in y> ounce of water by the aid 
of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains each Pancreatin and Pepsin 
and ) j grain Bismuth. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

' )ther combinations of Pancreatin and Pepsin may be made 
in a similar manner. 



705. Elixir Paraldehyd. 

Paraldehyd 640 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them. 

A fl.drachm contains 5 minims Paraldehyd. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful as a hypnotic 
or anodyne. 



350 ELIXIKIA — ELIXIRS. 



706. Elixir Pareira Brava. 

Fluid Extract Pareira Brava, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 
Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and, after standing, filter through a little Carbon- 
ate Magnesium. It may also be made by percolating the drug 
with Elixir, as directed (512). 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of the drug. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

707. Elixir Pepsin. 

Elixir of Pepsin may be prepared from the fresh stomachs 
of the pig or calf, or from the saccharated Pepsins, or the Pure 
Pepsins which are furnished by manufacturers. Elixirs of 
Pepsin desired to combine with other preparations, as Bismuth, 
Iron, etc., should be made from the Saccharated Pepsin. Some 
manufacturers call Wine of Pepsin and its combinations 
Elixirs of Pepsin. 

The value of Elixirs of Pepsin and their combinations with 
various salts as are found on the market has been seriously 
questioned, and not without reason, as they present many 
incompatibilities; but these combinations are much used and 
are perhaps as valuable as many other compounds which are 
prescribed. 

Elixir Pepsin may be prepared from the fresh stomachs as 
follows : 

The stomachs of 6 pigs. 

Water, 6 pints. 

Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 

Acetic Acid, 6 fl. ounces. 

Dissect the lining membrane from the stomachs, and digest 
for three days in the mixture of the liquids, then strain and add 

Elixir, 3 pints. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring-, 2 fl. ounces. 



and, after standing a few days, filt 



er. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 351 



This may be used as a simple Elixir of Pepsin, or may be 
combined with salts which are not incompatible with acids ; 
but it forms precipitates with Bismuth and some other prep- 
arations. 

708. Elixir Pepsin. 

MADE FROM SACCHARATED OR POWDERED PEPSIN. 

Pepsin, Saccharated or Powdered, . . .256 grains. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 10 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Pepsin in the liquids for 24 hours or longer 
and strain or filter through coarse filtering paper. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Saccharated or official Pep- 
sin. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or 
more. 

Elixir Pepsin may also be made from Scale Pepsin by first 
reducing it to a powder and macerating 64 grains in 3 ounces 
each Water and Glycerin and 10 ounces of Elixir. As thus 
prepared it is more than double the strength of Elixir Pepsin 
as made from Saccharated Pepsin, representing in a fl. drachm 
the equivalent of 5 grains Saccharated Pepsin. It may be 
colored with a little caramel if desired. 

Elixirs of Pepsin are very slow to filter because of the mucous 
which covers the surface of the paper. They are therefore 
better strained through muslin. 

This Elixir Pepsin should be used for combining with Bis- 
muth, Iron salts, etc. 

709. Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . . 128 grains. 
Elixir Pepsin (708), I pint. 

Dissolve the Bismuth salt in _'_• ounce of water with the 
aid of a few drops of Water of Ammonia, and add to the 
Elixir. It may be colored, if desired, with a little caramel. 

A fl.drachm contains i grain Bismuth combined with Elixir 
of Pepsin. The d<>sr is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



352 ELIXIRIA 



710. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \ J / 2 grain. 

Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709*, . . . I pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, then filter Or add \]/ 2 drachm of Solu- 
tion of Strychnine to a pint of Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bismuth and T \-^ grain Strych- 
nine combined with Elixir Pepsin. Dose, a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

711. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 128 grains. 

Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709), .... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
the Elixir. 

This may also be made with Pyrophosphate of Iron instead 
of Citrate, by dissolving 128 grains of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
in 1 ounce hot water and adding to the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Bismuth and Iron com- 
bined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a des- 
sertspoonful. 

712. Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth, Iron and Strych- 

nine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \ l / 2 grain. 

Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth and Iron (711), . I pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add iyi fl. drachm of Solution of Strych- 
nine to a pint of the Elixir. 

This may also be made by dissolving 128 grains Citrate or 
Pyrophosphate of Iron in a pint of Elixir Pepsin, Bismuth 
and Strychnine. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Bismuth and Iron, and 
i 1 grain Strychnine, combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose 
is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 353 



713. Elixir Pepsin and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 

Water i fl. ounce. 

Elixir Pepsin, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
add the Elixir. 

This Elixir may also be made with the same quantity of 
Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, or of Pyrophosphate of Iron 
in place of the Phosphate. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt combined with 
Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

714. Elixir Pepsin, Iron and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \}i grain. 

Elixir Pepsin and Iron, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add i}4 fl. drachm Solution of Strychnine to 
a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Iron and j-J-y grain Strychnine, 
combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

715. Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid. 

Concentrated Lactic Acid, 64 minims. 

Scale Pepsin, 64 grains. 

Glycerin 3 fl. ounces. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Elixir 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Pepsin to a powder and add to the mi\;ed liquids, 
allow to stand several days, with frequent agitation, then 
strain through muslin. 

A fl.drachm contains '„■ grain pure Pepsin (equivalent to 5 
grains Saccharated Pepsin) and $4 minim Lactic Acid. The 
dose 1- a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon fu'k 



354 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



This is one of the best liquid preparations of Pepsin, but is 
not compatible with soluble Bismuth or Pyrophosphate of 
Iron. It is called by some manufacturers Aromatic Solution of 
Pepsin, Liquor Pepsin, etc. 

This Elixir may also be made the same strength by taking 
640 grains of Saccharated Pepsin, instead of the scale Pepsin, 
and it is frequently made with much less, from 2 to 3 grains of 
Saccharated Pepsin being used for each fl. drachm. 



716. Elixir Pepsin and Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid (715), . . 1 pint. 

Rub the Quinine salt with the Elixir to dissolve. 
A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Sulphate of Quinine combined 
with the Pepsin Elixir. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



717. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Pepsin and Quinine (716), ... 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of Iron and Quinine com- 
bined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



718. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1% grain. 

Elixir Pepsin and Quinine (716), . . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add \]/ 2 fl. drachm of Solution of Strychnine 
to a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Quinine and y^ grain Strych- 
nine combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 355 

719. Elixir Pepsin, Quinine, Iron and Strych- 

nine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 1^ grain. 

Elixir Pepsin, Quinine and Iron (717), . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add \y 2 fl. drachm Solution of Strychnine 
to a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain each Quinine and Iron and y^ 
grain Strychnine combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a 
teaspoonful. 

720. Elixir Pepsin and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, \y 2 grain. 

Elixir Pepsin and Lactic Acid (715), . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add l}i drachm Solution of Strychnine 
to a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains T -J-g- grain Strychnine combined with 
Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

721. Elixir Pepsin and Wafer Ash. 

Elixir Pepsin and Ptelea. 

Fluid Extract of Wafer Ash (Ptelea), . 1 fl. ounce. 
Elixir Pepsin, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and, after standing, filter clear through a little 
powdered charcoal. 

A fl. drachm represents the soluble constituents of 3^ grains 
Wafer Ash combined with Elixir Pepsin. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

A Glyccrite of Pepsin and Wafer Ash is also made. See 
Glycerites. 

Other Pepsin Elixirs. 

A great variety of other combinations of Pepsin with other 
substances in the form of Elixirs may be made by adding 
Pepsin to other Elixirs, or other substances to Elixir Pepsin. 



356 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



722. Elixir Phosphate of Calcium (Lime). 

Solution Phosphate of Calcium, ... 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Calcium. Dose, 
a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

723. Elixir Phosphate of Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 256 grains. 

Water, ...» 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in the Water by the aid of 
heat and add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron. Dose, a 
teaspoonful or more. 

724. Elixir Phosphates Compound. 

Concentrated Solution of Phosphates 

Compound, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

The dose is a teaspoonful, containing about 3^ grains of 
the mineral Phosphates in solution, with excess of phosphoric 
acid. 

725. Elixir Phosphate of Iron and Quinine. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 256 grains. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid (50 per cent.), .... 30 minims. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Elixir and Acid and dissolve the Quinine salt in the 
mixture by the aid of gentle heat. Dissolve the Phosphate 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 357 

of Iron in the Water and Glycerin, by the aid of heat, and 
while both the solutions are still hot add the Quinine solution 
to the Iron solution. When cool filter. 

It is necessary that the solutions be quite warm, about 160 
F., and that they be gradually mixed together, otherwise a 
gelatinous mass, instead of a clear solution, will result. The 
Quinine solution should be added to the Iron solution. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron and I grain 
of Quinine. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 

726. Elixir Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and 

Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Elixir Phosphate of Iron and Quinine, . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms Solution of Strychnine to a 
pint of the Elixir. 

This may also be made as directed in the previous formula, 
by adding 2 grains of Strychnine Sulphate to the ingredients 
therein named and proceeding in the same manner. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Iron, 1 grain 
Quinine, and ,./, grain of Strychnine. 

The proportion of Strychnine as prepared by manufacturers 
varies considerably, some using only -j i- - grain, while others 
use as much as J - grain in a fl. drachm. 

727. Elixir Phosphoric Acid. 

Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (1880), by 

weight, 640 grains. 

< rlycerin 3 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make • 1 pint. 

Mix them and. after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Phosphoric Acid. The dose 
is a teaspoonful to .1 dessertspoonful. 

This is about one-third the strength of Phosphoric Acid 
diluted. 



358 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



728. Elixir Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus, fresh (not oxidized), ... \y 2 grain. 
Absolute Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Add the Phosphorus to the Alcohol contained in a small 
bottle and stop tightly, dissolve the Phosphorus in the Alcohol 
by gentle heat of water bath, then mix 

Glycerine, 3 fl. ounces, 

Elixir, 12 fl. ounces, 

and warm the mixture to about 140 F., and while the solution 
of Phosphorus is still warm add the mixture to it and mix 
thoroughly. Set aside in a well-stopped bottle in a cool place. 
A fl. drachm contains -j-fa grain of Phosphorus. The dose is 
a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



729. Elixir Phosphorus Compound. 

Elixir Phosphorus and Nux Vomica. 

Tincture of Nux Vomica, 384 minims. 

Elixir Phosphorus, sufficient to make . 1 pint. 

Mix them by adding the Elixir gradually to the Tincture. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 minims of Tincture of Nux Vomica 
and y^j- grain Phosphorus. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



730. Elixir Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine and 
Strychnine. 

Elixir Phosphorus (728), 8 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Phosphate of Iron, # Quinine and 

Strychnine (726), 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Iron, y 2 grain Quinine,-^ grain 
Strychnine, and ^Lq- grain of Phosphorus. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 359 



731. Elixir Pink Root Compound. 

Pink Root, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 

Senna Leaves, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 

Balmony, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 

A fl. drachm represents about 7 grains Pink Root, 3^ grains 
Senna, and 2 grains Balmony. 

This is an excellent preparation for worms, and is given in 
doses of a teaspoonful or more. 

732. Elixir Propylamine. 

Propylamine (liquid), 64 minims. 

Elixir, I pint. 

Mix them. The dose is a tablespoonful, containing 2 
minims of Propylamine. 

Elixir Chloride of Propylamine is made by dissolving 384 
grains of Chloride of Propylamine in a pint of Elixir. A 
fl. drachm contains 3 grains of the salt. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful. 

733. Elixir " Protoxide " of Iron. 

Solution " Protoxide " of Iron, . . . 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of 
Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

734. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Iodide 

of Calcium. 

Iodide of Calcium, 128 grains. 

Elixir Protoxide of Iron (733), .... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of Iron, and I 
grain Iodide of Calcium. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



360 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



735. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Iodide 
of Potassium. 

Iodide of Potassium, 384 grains. 

Elixir Protoxide of Iron (733), .... 1 pint. 
Dissolve the salt in the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Protocitrate of Iron and 3 
grains Iodide of Potassium. The dose is a teaspoonful. 



736. Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 

Elixir Protoxide of Iron (233), .... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Quinine salt by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Protocitrate of Iron and I 
grain of Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

737. Elixir Protoxide of Iron, Quinine and 

Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, i*4 grain. 

Elixir Protoxide of Iron and Quinine, . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, or add ijA fl. drachm of Solution Strychnine to 

a pint of the Elixir. 

738. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

Fcrro-phosphatcd Cordial Elixir. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 

Water, . 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Pyrophosphate of Iron in the Water by the aid 
of heat ami add the Elixir. After standing, filter. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 361 

739. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 

Quinine. (Neutral.) 

Sulphate of Quinine, 64 grains. 

Citric Acid 10 grains. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron, 128 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s., . . . . 20 to 30 drops. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in a portion of the Elixir and rub 
the Quinine salt in a mortar with the solution, then add the 
remainder of the Elixir and warm the mixture gently by a 
water-bath until the salt is entirely dissolved; dissolve the 
Iron salt by the aid of heat in the water, and add to the solu- 
tion 20 drops of 10 per cent. Water of Ammonia, then add 
the Quinine solution to the Iron solution and mix them thor- 
oughly. When cool, filter. If the Elixir, when cool, remains 
cloudy, add a few drops more of Water of Ammonia to make 
clear. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Iron salt and ]/>, grain 
Quinine. The dose is a'teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

This Elixir was formerly prescribed and sold as Elixir Phos- 
phate of Iron and Quinine, but since the introduction of a sol- 
uble scale Phosphate of Iron the Elixir No. 725 is now fur- 
nished by that name. 

740. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine 

and Strychnine. (Neutral.) 

Sulphate of Strychnine 2 grains. 

Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, 1 pint. 

olve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add 2 ll. drachms of solution of Strych- 
nine to a pint of Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine. 
[t may also be made the same as directed tor the preceding 
formula by adding to the solution of Citric Acid in Elixir 2 
grains of Sulphate of Strychnine before adding the Quinine 
salt. 



362 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



A fl. drachm contains I grain of the Iron salt, y 2 grain Qui- 
nine, and ¥ * T grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful or 
more. 

This Elixir was formerly called Elixir Phosphate of Iron, 
Quinine and Strychnine, as explained in the foregoing formula. 

Elixirs of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Cinchonidine, with 
their various combinations, are made in the same manner as 
Elixirs Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, only using Sul- 
phate of Cinchonidine instead of Sulphate of Quinine. 

A great variety of combinations are made with Elixir Pyro- 
phosphate of Iron, Quinine, and Strychnine. It is unnecessary 
to give detailed formulae for them as they are made simply by 
adding- various salts and solutions to the Elixir. 



741. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 
Quinine. 

The foregoing Elixirs of Pyrophosphate of Iron and Qui- 
nine being neutral cannot be made to hold much more than 
y 2 grain of Quinine in a fl. drachm in solution. The following 
formula is made to contain 1 grain in a fl. drachm : 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., 1880, . I fl. drachm. 

Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron, 256 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s., about ... 20 minims. 

Elixir sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Quinine Salt in 8 ounces of the Elixir, the 
Alcohol, and the Phosphoric Acid. Dissolve the Pyrophos- 
phate of Iron in 1 ounce of Water by the aid of heat and add 
to the solution 6 ounces of Elixir and 20 minims Water of 
Ammonia. When the two solutions, the Quinine in one and 
the Iron in the other, are ready add the one containing the 
Quinine very gradually to the one containing the Iron, giving 
time for the precipitate formed to be dissolved after adding 
each portion before adding more. If not clear when all is 






ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 363 

added, add enough Water of Ammonia, mixed with a little 
Elixir to make clear, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt and I grain 
Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

742. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine 

and Arsenic. 

Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, . . . 256 minims. 
Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and 

Quinine (741), 1 4H A. ounces. 

Mix them. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron, 1 grain Quinine, and 2 
minims Fowler's Solution. 

743. Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron, Quinine, 

and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Elixir Pyrophosphate of Iron and Quinine, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, or add 2 fl. drachms solution of Strychnine 
to a pint of Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt, 1 grain Qui- 
nine, and -fa grain Strychnine. 

744. Elixir Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 

Sulphuric Acid, q. s., about 10 minims. 

Elixir, I pint. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s., about ... 10 minims. 

Rub the Quinine salt to a powder and then with the Elixir 
to a smooth mixture, add Sulphuric Acid drop by drop until, 
after standing, the Quinine is entirely dissolved, then add a 
few drops of Water of Ammonia until the blue fluorescence of 
the solution has mostly disappeared. Filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



364 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



745. Elixir Quinine, Bismuth and Pepsin. 

Elixir Quinine (744), 8 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Pepsin and Bismuth (709), . . 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and if any cloudiness occurs add Water of Am- 
monia drop by drop to clear. 

A fl. drachm contains ]/ 2 grain Quinine, }/ 2 grain Bismuth, 
and 1 grain Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful. 

746. Elixir Quinine, Bismuth and Strychnine. 

Elixir Quinine {744), 8 fl. ounces. 

Elixir Bismuth and Strychnine (539), . 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and, if necessary, add a few drops of Water of 
Ammonia to make clear. 

A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Quinine, y 2 grain Bismuth, 
and y^-g- grain Strychnine. 

747. Elixir Quinine Bisulphate. 

Bisulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Quinine salt with the Elixir until dissolved, and 
filter. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bisulphate of Quinine. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

748. Elixir Quinine Phosphate. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (1880), . 1 fl. drachm. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Quinine salt to a fine powder and then to a smooth 
mixture with the Elixir, add the Phosphoric Acid, dissolve 
and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or more. 

Other combinations of Quinine with Elixirs will be found 
under other headings. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 365 



749. Elixir Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb, in coarse powder, .... \)A ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
made by mixing i.j4 ounce Fluid Extract of Rhubarb with 
enough Elixir to make a pint. 

A fl. drachm represents about 5 grains of Rhubarb. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



750. Elixir Rhubarb and Columbo. 

Fluid Extract of Columbo, 256 minims. 

Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, 256 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, and after standing, filter. 

This may also be made by percolating Rhubarb and Col- 
umbo, each 256 grains, with Elixir Percolating Menstruum, 1 
pint, adding 5 ounces sugar and 1 ounce Soluble Flavoring, 
and filtering. 

A fl. drachm represents 2 grains each, Rhubarb and Columbo. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



751. Elixir Rhubarb, Columbo, and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales, .... [28 grains. 
Elixir Rhubarb and Columbo, .... 1 pint. 

Water I fl. ounce. 

Mix the Elixir with the white of one egg, and let stand for 
two days, with occasional agitation, then filter through cloth. 
Dissolve the Iron salt in water, by the aid of heat, and add to 
the detannated Elixir; after standing a few days, filter. 

A ll. drachm represents 2 grains each. Rhubarb and ( lolumbo, 
and 1 grain Phosphate of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to 
.1 dessertspoonful. 



366 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



752. Elixir Rhubarb and Magnesia. 

Two Elixirs of Rhubarb and Magnesia are used, one con- 
taining sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt) and the other 
Citrate of Magnesium in solution. The former is probably 
most used, but the latter is by far the more elegant preparation. 

MADE WITH SULPHATE OF MAGNESIUM. 
Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt), . 640 grains. 

Elixir Rhubarb (749), 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the salts with the Elixir until dissolved. The dose is 
a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

MADE WITH CITRATE OF MAGNESIUM. 

Citric Acid, 3 drachms. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 drachms. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Rhubarb (749), 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with the Water and 
gradually add the Citric Acid. When effervescense has ceased 
add the Elixir Rhubarb, and mix thoroughly. The dose is a 
dessertspoonful or more. 

753. Elixir Rhubarb and Potassium. 

Neutralizing Elixir. 

Rhubarb, in coarse powder, 160 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium, 160 grains. 

Cinnamon, 80 grains. 

Golden Seal, 80 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, ... 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Spirit of Peppermint, 2 fl. drachms. 

Mix all together and macerate for several days, with occa- 
sional agitation, then filter, adding enough Elixir through the 
filter to make a pint. In making larger quantities of this 
Elixir it is best made by percolation as directed (512). 

This is the same strength as the " Neutralizing Cordial " of 
the American Dispensatory. The dose is a dessertspoonful to 
a tablespoonful. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 367 



754. Elixir Rubrum. 

Red Elixir. 

As understood in American Pharmacy, Red Elixir is Simple 
Elixir colored red with carmine coloring, cochineal or cudbear. 
The Simple Elixir is often designated as Elixir Album or 
White Elixir. Red Elixir may be used as a base for Elixirs 
desired to be colored red, but in the formulas in this work the 
coloring is directed to be added to the Elixir when made. 

755. Elixir Salicin. 

Salicin, 256 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Salicin to a smooth mixture with the Elixir and 
heat by means of a water-bath until the salt is dissolved. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of Salicin. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

756. Elixir Salicylate of Propylamine. 

Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av. 

Propylamine (liquid), 2 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 3 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Salicylic Acid with the Alcohol and Elixir and add 
the Propylamine, then, when dissolved, add the Elixir, and 
filter. 

A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains Salicylic Acid and I 
minim Propylamine, equivalent to 5 grains of the Salicylate of 
Propylamine. The dose is a teaspoonful for rheumatic 
troubles. 

757. Elixir Salicylate of Sodium. 

Salicylate of Sodium, 640 grains. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir, and filter. This Elixir may 
also be made by mixing 400 grains of Salicylic .Acid with 300 



368 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium and dissolving the mixture 
in a pint of Elixir in a capacious vessel. When effervescense 
is over, filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains Salicylate of Sodium. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more for rheu- 
matic affections. 

758. Elixir Salicylic Acid. 

Salicylic Acid 256 grains. 

Alcohol, 3 A. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Acid in the Alcohol, and gradually add the 
Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Salicylic Acid. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 

759. Elixir Santonin. 

Santonin, in very fine powder, ... 64 grains. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 14 A- ounces. 

Rub the Santonin with the Alcohol, and heat gently by 
water-bath until dissolved, then add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Santonin. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. As Santonin is quite insol- 
uble, and it is not desirable to have it dissolved when taken 
as a vermifuge, it is best given in the form of an emulsion, or 
suspended in syrup or in powders. 

760. Elixir Sarsaparilla Compound. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound, 4 fl. ounces. 

Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. This Elixir may also be made from the drugs 
directed for making 1 pint Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 
by percolating the ingredients as directed under Fluid Extract 
of Sarsaparilla Compound with Elixir Percolating Menstruum 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 369 






sufficient to make 52 fl. ounces, adding 20 ounces of Sugar and 
4 fl. ounces soluble flavoring to make 4 pints of Elixir. 

This is of the same strength as Syrup Sarsaparilla Com- 
pound. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 

761. Elixir Scilla Compound. 

Elixir Squill Compound. 

Squill, in coarse powder, 640 grains. 

Senega, in coarse powder, 640 grains. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, . 16 grains. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, ...... 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512.) This is the same 
strength as Syrup of Squill Compound. The dose is ^ to one 
teaspoonful or more. 

762. Elixir Senna. 

Fluid Extract of Senna, 2^ fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Mix, and, after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Senna. Dose, a dessert- 
spoonful to a tablespoonful as a laxative. 

763. Elixir Senna Compound. 

Senna Leaves, in coarse powder, . . 2 ounces av. 

Rhubarb, in coarse powder, .... 1 ounce av. 

Jalap, in coarse powder, y 2 ounce aw 

Mandrake, in coarse powder y 2 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, i 11. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). The dose is a tea- 

a/poonful to a dessertspoonful as a laxative, .1 tablespoonful as 

a cathartic. 



370 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



764. Elixir Stillingia. 

Fluid Extract Stillingia, 

Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix them, and, after standing, filter. This may also be 
made by percolating 2^ ounces Stillingia with 2 ounces Alco- 
hol and 14 ounces Percolating Menstruum, adding 5 ounces of 
Sugar and 1 ounce Soluble Flavoring. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Stillingia. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or more. 

765. Elixir Stillingia Compound. 

Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound, . 4 fl. ounces. 
Elixir 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and, after standing, filter. This may also be made 
by percolating the drugs as directed for making 1 pint Fluid 
Extract of Stillingia Compound with Elixir Percolating Men- 
struum until 52 fl. ounces have passed, then dissolving 20 ounces 
av. of Sugar in the percolate and adding 4 fl. ounces Soluble 
Flavoring to make 4 pints Elixir. This is the same strength 
as Syrup Stillingia Compound. The dose is a teaspoonful to 
a dessertspoonful. 

766. Elixir Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 4 grains. 

Elixir I pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine by rubbing with separate portions 
of the Elixir, adding a few drops of dilute Sulphuric Acid, or 
add 4 fl. drachms Solution Strychnine to a pint of Elixir and 
filter. 

A fl. drachm contains J* grain Strychnine. The dose is from 
y 2 to a teaspoonful. 

This Elixir is also made containing only 2 grains in a pint, 
or ,.' grain in a fl. drachm. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 371 



767. Elixir Sumbul. 

Elixir of Musk Root. 

Sumbul, or Musk Root, 1280 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), or mix 2^ fl. ounces 
of Fluid Extract of Sumbul with enough Elixir to make a 
pint and filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Sumbul. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

768. Elixir Sumbul Compound. 

Compound Elixir of Musk Root. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 128 grains. 
Elixir Sumbul (767), 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt in the Elixir and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains 10 grains Musk Root and 1 grain 
Valerianate of Ammonium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful as a nervine. This Elixir is also called Elixir 
Sumbul and Valerianate of Ammonium. 

769. Elixir Svapnia. 

Svapnia 128 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Rub the Svapnia to a powder, and with the Elixir until 
dissolved and filter. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Svapnia. 
The dose is a teaspoonful. 

770. Elixir Taraxacum Compound. 

Tile formulas for this Elixir are given under the heading 

Elixir Dandelion Compound (626), which see. The formula was 
first given for this Elixir by Prof. P. C. Candidus of Mobile, 



872 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



and as this particular formula is still frequently called for, it is 
here repeated in substance : 

Dandelion Root, I ounce av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, l/^ ounce av. 

Gentian Root, l /% ounce av. 

Bitter Orange Peel ^ ounce av. 

Cinnamon, l /i ounce av. 

Liquorice Root, l / 2 ounce av. 

Star Anise, 30 grains. 

Caraway Seed, 30 grains. 

Coriander Seed, 30 grains. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q.s., about 18 fl. ounces 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, and make by percola- 
tion as directed (512). This Elixir is used as a vehicle for 
Quinine, and as an addition to other medicines. Also as a 
laxative and tonic in doses of a dessertspoonful or more. 

771. Elixir Tartrate of Antimony and 

Potassium. 

Elixir Tartar Emetic. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, 16 grains. 
Elixir, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
Elixir, and filter. 

A fl. drachm contains }g grain Tartar Emetic. The dose 
is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. This Elixir is a very 
convenient form in which to exhibit this salt, as the dose may 
be regulated as desired. 



772. Elixir Valerian. 

Valerian Root, in coarse powder, . . . 1280 grains. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 






ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 373 

Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
made by mixing 2^ fl. ounces Fluid Extract Valerian with 
enough Elixir to make a pint, and, after standing, filtering. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Valerian. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 

773. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 256 grains. 
Water of Ammonia, ioper ct.,q.s., about \]/ 2 fl. drachm. 

Elixir, 14 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, \]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the Valerianate in the Elixir, and add Water of 
Ammonia to neutralize the solution, then add the Syrup, and 
color with Carmine solution or other red coloring. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more as an anodyne, ner- 
vine, and hypnotic. The object of adding the Water of Am- 
monia is to neutralize the free acid of the Valerianate of 
Ammonium, which isalways present. The quantity specified is 
generally about right, but it may be tested with test-paper for 
excess of acid and made just right. This formula makes the 
preparation usually used, but some houses furnish an Elixir 
containing Fluid Extract of Valerian 1 fl. ounce in each pint 
in addition to the above formula. Such an Elixir may be 
readily made if desired by adding 1 fl. ounce Fluid Extract 
Valerian, and filtering. It is thought to be more effective 
when thus made. 

774. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium with 

Chloral Hydrate. 

Hydrate of Chloral, crystallized, . . . 640 grains. 
Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, suffi- 
cient to make i pint. 

1 Hssolve iln- < Ihloral in the Elixir. 

A II. drachm contains 5 grain- Hydrate of Chloral combined 
with the Elixir. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon- 
ful or more as a hypnotic and anodyne. 



874 ELI X I RI A — ELIXIRS. 



775. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and Iron. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, and 
add the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Iron and 2 grains Valerian- 
ate of Ammonium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful. Other Salts of Iron may be added to the Elixir 
Valerianate of Ammonium in the same way. 

776. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 

Morphine. 

Morphine Sulphate, 16 grains. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 1 pint. 
Dissolve the Morphine salt in the Elixir. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
and ]/% grain Morphine. The dose is a teaspoonful. This is 
one of the most desirable combinations as a hypnotic and 
anodyne. 

777. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 

Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 64 grains. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, .... 256 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, about 20 minims. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Quinine salt to a smooth mixture with the Elixir, 
and add the Valerianate. When the Quinine is entirely dis- 
solved add the Water of Ammonia. This may be colored 
with a little Carmine coloring if desired. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
and ]/ 2 grain of Quinine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful or more. A great variety of combinations may be 
made with this Elixir by adding other salts, as Strychnine, 
Iron, etc. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 375 



778. Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium and 

Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Elixir Valerianate of Ammonium, . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Elixir, and filter, or add 2 fl. drachms of Solution 
of Strychnine to a pint of the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Valerianate of Ammonium 
and t > T grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

An Elixir is also made containing double the quantity of 
Strychnine, or 4 grains to a fl. drachm. 

779. Elixir Valerianate of Iron. 

An Elixir of Valerianate of Iron may be made by dissolving 
128 grains Valerianate of Iron, 60 grains of Citric Acid, and 
60 grains Citrate of Potassium in a pint of Elixir ; but it is 
more expensive and less satisfactory than the Elixir Valerianate 
of Ammonium and Iron (775), which is therapeutically the 
same. 

780. Elixir Valeriante of Morphine. 

Valerianate of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Elixir, I pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing with separate portions of the 
Elixir. 

A ll. drachm contains ';> grain Valerianate of Morphine. 
The dose is a teaspoon ful. 

781. Elixir Valerianate of Quinine. 

Valerianate of Quinine 64 grains. 

Citric Acid 10 grains. 

Elixir 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Valerianate by rubbing to a fine powder, add- 
ing tin ('it lit Arid and then rubbing with the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm contains '_< grain Valerianate of Quinine. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



376 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 

782. Elixir Valerianate of Strychnine. 

Valerianate of Strychnine 2 grains. 

Elixir I pint. 

Rub the Strychnine salt with separate portions of the Elixir 
until dissolved.- 

A fl. drachm contains ^ grains Strychnine Valerianate. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 

This Elixir is also made double the strength, or 4 grains 
Strychnine Valerianate in a pint. 

783. Elixir Valerianate of Zinc. 

Valerianate of Zinc 64 grains. 

Elixir 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salt by rubbing with the Elixir. 
A fl. drachm contains }4 grain Valerianate of Zinc. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

784. Elixir Veratrum Viride. 

American Hellebore, in fine powder, . . 256 grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Macerate for five days, and filter. This may also be made 
by adding 256 minims of Fl. Ext. Veratrum Viride to enough 
Elixir to make a pint. 

A fl. drachm represents 2 grains Veratrum Viride. The dose 
is y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 

785. Elixir Wild Cherry. 

Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). This may also be 
made by mixing 2^ fl. ounces of Fl. Ext. of Wild Cherry 
with enough Elixir to make a pint. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry. The dose 
is a teaspoonful or two. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 377 



786. Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated. 

Wild Cherry Bark, in coarse powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., 

about I pint. 

Sugar 5 ounces av. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512), and detannate with 
Ferric Hydrate as directed (515). 

This Elixir is used with solutions of Iron salts, Bismuth, 
etc., that would form inky colors or precipitates with the 
former formula. 

Elixir Wild Cherry, from Cherry Pits. 

An Elixir may be made from Cherry Pits, which does not 
need to be detannated to combine with Iron, etc., by macerat- 
ing 2 ounces of Cherry Pits, crushed, with a pint of Elixir, for 
several days, and filtering. 

787. Elixir Wild Cherry, Ferrated. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . 128 grains. 
Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated (786), . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt by rubbing with separate portions of 
the Elixir. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry and I grain 
of Citrate of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful. 

788. Elixir Wild Cherry, Ferriphosphated. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales 1 1SS0) . . 128 grains. 

Water 1 il. ounce. 

Elixir Wild Cherry, Detannated (786), . 15 11. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the water by the aid of heat and 
add the: Elixir to tin solution. 

A il. drachm represents 10 grains of Wild Cherry and 1 grain 
Phosphate of Iron, hose a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



378 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



789. Elixir Wild Cherry Ferrophosphorated 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 128 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir Wild Cherry, detannated (786), . 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water, by the aid of heat, and 
add the Elixir to the solution. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Wild Cherry and 1 grain 
Pyrophosphate of Iron. Dose, a teaspoon ful to a dessert- 
spoonful. 

The Elixirs of Wild Cherry and Iron may be combined with 
Bismuth, Strychnine, and other soluble salts which are com- 
patible with it. 

790. Elixir Wild Cherry Compound. 

Wild Cherry Bark, I ounce av. 

Liquorice Root, Y / 2 ounce av. 

Marshmallow Root y 2 ounce av. 

Elixir Percolating Menstruum, q. s., 

about 1 pint. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. . 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Make by percolation as directed (512). 

This Elixir is used chiefly as a vehicle for Quinine, for which 
it is excellent. It may be made by maceration instead of per- 
colation if desired. 



791. Elixir Yerba Santa. 

Fluid Extract Yerba Santa, .... 2^ fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 ' fl. ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

Mix, and, after standing, filter. 

A fl. drachm represents 10 grains Yerba Santa. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or more. 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 379 



792. Elixir Yerba Santa Compound. 

The following formula is adopted from the original, first 
published by Mr. J. S. McClary, of Los Angeles, Cal., who 
first brought to notice the advantages of Yerba Santa as a 
carrier for Quinine : 

Yerba Santa, 6 ounces av. 

Orange Peel, 2 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark, 1 

Cloves, - of each, .... 3 drachms. 

Cardamom Seeds, ) 

Coriander Seed, | 

Caraway Seed, 

, . , L of each,. ... 2 drachms. 

Anise Seed, 

Cochineal, 

Glycerin, ' 1 pint. 

Alcohol, ]/z pint. 

Sugar, 4 pounds av. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Powder the drugs coarsely, and, having mixed the Alcohol 
and Glycerin, moisten the powder and pack in the percolator, 
adding Water through the percolator, and continuing the per- 
colation until 6 pints of percolate are obtained. In this dis- 
solve the Sugar by gentle heat, and strain. 

This Elixir is used mainly to disguise the taste of Quinine 
and other bitter medicines. 



Other Elixirs. 

In the first part of this article, page 275, it was explained 
that Elixirs, as understood in American Pharmacy, were fla- 
vored, sweetened, weakly alcoholic preparations, in which 
medicinal substances are exhibited in pleasant, palatable form, 
etc. The foregoing formulae have corresponded to this descrip- 
tion, but there an- many preparations which have been known 
in the past as " Elixirs," whieh are not of this class, and which 
could not properly be included with it. The formulas for such 



380 ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 



of these as are most important, or likely to be called for, are 
therefore given here. Man)- of them have been official in 
foreign Pharmacopeias : 

793. Acid Elixirs — DippeU's. — Sulphuric acid 1 part (by weight), 
alcohol 5 parts ; drop the acid gradually into the alcohol and macerate with 
1 part cochineal and 1 part saffron. 

Hatter's. — Equal parts by weight of Sulphuric Acid and alcohol. See 
page 73- 

Voglers. — Equal parts by weight of Sulphuric Ether and nitrous ether. 

794. Aloes Elixirs.— Compound Tincture of Aloes. — Acetate of potas- 
sium, inspissiated oxgall, Socotrine Aloes, myrrh each 120 grains, hay 
saffron 60 grains, brandy or proof spirit lyi flounces ; digest seven days and 
strain. Several other preparations are also known as Elixirs of Aloes. 
Tincture of Aloes and myrrh is sometimes known as Elixir Aloes Compound. 

795. Elixir Amarum. — Biiter Elixir. — The present German Pharma- 
copoeia gives the following formula : Extract of wormwood 10 parts, oleo- 
saccharate of peppermint 5 parts, dissolve by triturating with water 25 
parts, then add aromatic tincture 5 parts, bitter tincture 5 parts. 

796. Anti-Asthmatic Elixirs. — Oil of anise, camphor, balsam of tolu 
each 1 ounce, cochineal 1 drachm, proof spirit 1 gallon; digest seven days 
and filter. 

Boerhaaves.— Anise seed, asarabacca, elecampane, liquorice root, orris 
root, and sweet Hag root of each 1 part, proof spirit 5 parts ; macerate and 
filter. 

797. Elixir Antigoutteux de Villette. — Gout Elixir. — Cinchona bark 
4 parts, poppy petals 2 parts, sassafras 1 part, guaiacum 2 parts, rum 160 
parts, syrup sarsaparilla 100 parts; macerate and filter. 

798. Boerhaave's Visceral Elixir. — Aloes, myrrh, and saffron, of each 1 
ounce, tartrate of potassium 2 ounces, alcohol 14 fl. ounces, water 1 ounce; 
macerate three days and filter. 

799. Claude's Elixir. — (Pideret.) — Salt of tartar, chloride of ammo- 
nium, aloes, and myrrh, each 1 ounce, elder flower water 25 fl. ounces; digest 
with agitation for 24 hours and filter. 

(Parish.) — Carbonate of potassium 1 ounce, aloes, guaiacum, myrrh, saf- 
fron, and rhubarb of each 2 drachms, water 18 fl. ounces; macerate a few 
days and decant. 

800. Elixir Deslaurier's. — Toni-febrifuge, au Quinquina el Caffe. — 
Yellow cinchona bark 1Y2 ounces, brown cinchona bark 1 ounce, coffee 
slightly roasted 2 ounces, sugar i2>< ounces, sherry wine 2 pints, citric acid 
1 50 grains ; powder the drugs, macerate seven days, filter, and dissolve the 
sugar in the filtrate. 

801. Elixir Carminative, Dalby's. — Tincture of Opium 2% fl.ounces, 
tincture asafetida 1 % fl. ounce, essence of caraway yi ounce, essence of pep- 



ELIXIRIA — ELIXIRS. 381 

permint i ounce, calcined magnesia %. ounce, tincture of castor t>/4 ounces, 
alcohol 4 n. ounces, syrup 30 fl.ounces ; mix. 

802. Elixir de Garus. — Myrrh 90 grains, aloes 90 grains, cloves 1S0 
grains, nutmeg 180 grains, saffron _;8o grains, cinnamon 360 grains, alcohol 
12 pints; reduce the drugs to a coarse powder, macerate with the alcohol 
and distill 9 pints, which reserve ; then take maidenhair 4 tr. ounces, liquorice 
root y z tr.ounce, figs 3 tr. ounces ; infuse in 8 pints boiling water, strain, express, 
and dissolve in the liquid 12 pounds av. of sugar; mix equal parts by weight 
of the syrup thus prepared with the distilled spirit reserved. 

803. Elixir of Gold. — Terchloride of Gold 20 grains, alcohol 6 fl. drachms. 
ether 3 fl. drachms. 

Dr. De la Motte's Golden Drops are also furnished under the name Elixir 
of Gold ; chloride of iron 1 part, alcohol 3 parts, ether 3 parts. 

804. Elixir of Long Life. — Compound Tincture of Aloes (Codex). — 
Aloes 8 parts, gentian, rhubarb, zedoary, saffron, agaric, opium each 1 part, 
alcohol 400 parts ; macerate and filter. 

805. Elixir Pectoral. — Balsam tolu 2 ounces, benzoin l% ounce, saffron 
y z ounce, alcohol 32 fl.ounces ; digest by gentle heat for four days and filter. 

The German Pharmacopoeia, 1883, gives the following under the name of 
Burst elixir or Pectoral Elixir (Elixir E Succo Liquiritiae) : Purified extract 
of liquorice 10 parts, dissolved in fennel water 30 parts, and added to anis- 
ated spirit of ammonia io parts; after standing the liquid is poured off from 
the sediment. 

806. Elixir Salutis. — Elixir of Health, Duffy's Elixir.— This Elixir 
was formerly official under the title Tincture Senna Compound. Many for- 
mulas for it are extant. The following is from the Edinburgh Dispensatory : 
Senna 2 tr. ounces, jalap 1 tr.ounce, coriander y z tr.ounce. diluted alcohol 3^ 
pints; macerate and filter. To this 1 pound of sugar and other aromatics 
may be added if desired. 

807. Elixir Stoughton's. — (Codex.) Aloes and cascarilla of each 1 
drachm, rhubarb 3 drachms, gentian, germander, wormwood, and bitter 
orange peel of each 5 drachms, alcohol 60 proof 2 pints; macerate and filter. 

808. Elixir Tonic- A number of old preparations are known by this 
name, as Elixir Roborans or Tincture Crown Hark, for which compound 
tincture of cinchona may be dispensed if called for. 

Elixir Tonique Autiglaireux de Guillie. A stomach tunic for diarrhoea, 

composed of a great number of drugs, etc. 

809. Elixir Visceral, Hoffman's.— Elixir Orange Compound of the 
German Pharmacopoeia. Orange peel cut 50 parts, cinnamon bruised 10 parts, 
carbonate of potassium 2%. parts, sherry wine 250 parts; macerate for eight 
days and express ; add slurry wine to make 230 parts, and dissolve in the 

liquid extracts of gentian, wormwood, buckbean, and cascarilla each 5 pans; 

allow the mixture to settle, then filter. See, also. Iloerhaave's Visceral Elixir. 



382 EMPLASTRA— PLASTERS. 



Besides the Elixirs of this kind which are here mentioned, are several which 
are official in the U. S. P., under other names, as Elixir Proprietatis (Tincture 
Aloes and Myrrh), Elixir Vitriol (Aromatic Sulphuric Acid), McMunn's Elixir 
of Opium (Deoderized Tincture of Opium), etc. There are also many which 
are not of sufficient general importance to require a formula for their prepa- 
ration. They may usually be prepared as wanted by intelligent druggists. 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 

The making and spreading of Plasters, which was formerly 
quite an important feature of the business of the apothecary, 
is now nearly a lost art as far as the retail druggist is concerned, 
the business having been relegated to manufacturers, who have 
experience and suitable machinery for the work, and furnish 
all the necessary combinations in the plaster line. In this 
country several large establishments are devoted entirely to 
the manufacture of plasters, and from long experience and 
experiment have perfected their products to a high degree. 
It is not therefore supposed that many druggists will attempt 
to make their spread plasters, but only such plaster masses as 
are occasionally used in making other preparations, or some- 
times called for in old formulas. 

For spreading Plasters in a small way the Plaster Iron is 
generally used. Plaster-spreading machines are advertised, 
but they are not generally practical. 

The following are the Plasters now official in the U. S., Br. 
and German Pharmacopoeias: 

810. Emplastrum Ammoniaci. 

Ammoniac Plaster. 

Ammoniac, 5 ounces. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, 7 ounces. 

Digest the Ammoniac in the Diluted Acetic Acid until it is 
entirely emulsionized ; then strain and evaporate by means of 
a water-bath, stirring constantly until a small portion taken 
from the vessel hardens on cooling. 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 383 



811. Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro. 

Ammoniac Plaster with Mercury. 

Ammoniac, 4 ounces av. 

Mercury, 1 ounce av. 

Olive Oil. 19 grains. 

Sublimed Sulphur, 2^ grains. 

Diluted Acetic Acid, 5^3 fl. ounces. 

Lead Plaster, a sufficient quantity. 

Digest the Ammoniac in the Diluted Acetic Acid and pro- 
ceed as directed for making Ammoniac Plaster. Heat the 
Olive Oil and gradually add the Sulphur until they unite ; 
then add the Mercury and triturate until extinguished. Next, 
add gradually the Ammoniac Plaster while yet hot ; and, 
finally, having added enough Lead Plaster previously melted 
to make the mixture weigh 5^ ounces av., mix them thor- 
oughly together. 

The Br. formula corresponds with the U. S., 1870, Acetic 
Acid and Lead Plaster being omitted. 

812. Emplastrum Arnicae. 

Arnica Plaster. 

Extract of Arnica Root, 1 ounce. 

Resin Plaster, 2 ounces. 

Add the Extract to the Plaster, previously melted by means 
of a water-bath, and mix them thoroughly. 

813. Emplastrum Asafcetidae. 

Asafctida Plaster. 

Asafetida 3^ ounces av. 

Lead Plaster. 3*/ ounces av. 

Galbanum, \y 2 ounce av. 

Yellow Wax 1 ]/, ounce av. 

Alcohol 14 fl. ounces. 

Digesl the Gums with the Alcohol on a water-bath, and 

strain while hot; evaporate to the consistence of hone)-; then 



384 K.MT I. ASTRA — PLASTERS. 

add the Lead Plaster and Wax, previously melted together, 
stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper consistence. 



814. Emplastrum Belladonae. 

Belladonna Plaster. 

The U. S. 1880 formula directs to make a solid extract from 
Belladonna Root 100 parts, by exhausting with Alcohol and 
evaporating, and then to add to the Extract enough Resin 
Plaster, previously melted, to make 100 parts, and mix 
thoroughly. 

The Belladonna Extract is best made by water-bath perco- 
lation as directed. (See Extract Belladonna Root.) 

The Br. Pharmacopoeia directs: 

Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna, . . 1 part. 

Resin Plaster 2 parts. 

Soap Plaster, 2 parts. 

Melt the Plasters by the heat of a water-bath, then add the 
Extract, and mix the whole thoroughly together. 



815. Emplastrum Capsici. 

Capsicum Plaster. 

The official Capsicum Plaster is made by first spreading 
Resin Plaster upon muslin and then brushing it over with a 
thin coating of Oleoresin of Capsicum, leaving a narrow blank 
margin along the edges. As furnished by manufacturers, the 
Oleoresin or Extract of Capsicum is first incorporated with 
the plaster mass before spreading. 



816. Emplastrum Cantharidis. 

Cantliarides Plaster. 

In the U. S. P. this is classed among the Cerates, as Ceratum 
Cantharidis (376), which see. The Br. formula for Emplastrum 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 385 

Cantharidis is given under the same heading. The German 
Pharmacopoeia gives two formulas, one being called Ernplas- 
trum CantJiaridam Ordinarium, or Spanischfliegenpflastcr , and 
the other Emplastrtim Cantharidum Perpetuum, or Zngpflaster. 
The former is similar to the U. S. Cerate Cantharidis ; the 
latter contains 23^ per cent. Euphorbium. 



817. Emplastrum Cerussae. 

White Lead Plaster, Bleiweisspflaster. 
The G. P. gives the following formula: 

Lead Plaster, 60 parts. 

Common Olive Oil 10 parts. 

Carbonate of Lead, 35 parts. 

Melt the Lead Plaster and Olive Oil together and add the 
Carbonate of Lead ; boil the mixture, stirring frequently, and 
occasionally adding a little water until it is reduced to the 
consistence of plaster. 



818. Emplastrum Ferri. 

Iron Plaster, Strengthening Plaster, U. S., Chalybeate 
Plaster, Br. 

The U. S., 1880, formula is: 

Hydrated Oxide of Iron, dried at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 8o° C. ( 1 76 F.) . i ounce. 

Canada Turpentine (Balsam Fir) 1 ounce. 

Burgundy Pitch, 1 ounce. 

Lead Plaster, 7 ounces. 

Melt the Lead Plaster, Balsam, and Pitch by means of a 
water-bath, then add the Oxide of Iron and stir continually 
until the mixture thickens on cooling. 

The Br. formula is Peroxide of Iron, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 
Burgundy Pitch 2 ounces, Lead Plaster 8 ounces. 



386 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 



819. Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum. 

Universal Plaster, Mutterpfiastcr. 

The G. P. contains the formula for this Plaster, more famil- 
iarly known in this country as black plaster : 

Oxide of Lead, in fine powder, .... 30 parts. 

Common Olive Oil, 60 parts. 

Yellow Wax, 15 parts. 

Camphor 1 part. 

Boil the Oxide of Lead and Olive Oil together, constantly 
stirring until the mass has acquired a blackish-brown color, 
then add the Yellow Wax, and then, while cooling, the Cam- 
phor previously triturated with a little Olive Oil. 

820. Emplastrum Galbani. 

Galbanum Plaster. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Galbanum, 8 ounces. 

Turpentine (Gum Thus.), 1 ounce. 

Burgundy Pitch 3 ounces. 

Lead Plaster, 38 ounces. 

To the Galbanum and Turpentine, previously melted together 
and strained, add, first the Burgundy Pitch and then the Lead 
Plaster, melted over a gentle fire, and mix the whole together. 

The Br. formula is Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Yellow Wax 
of each 1 ounce, Lead Plaster 8 ounces. 

821. Emplastrum Hydrargyri. 

Mercurial Plaster. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Mercury, by weight, 3 ounces. 

Olive Oil, by weight, 1 ounce. 

Resin, by weight, 1 ounce. 

Lead Plaster, 5 ounces. 

Melt the Oil and Resin together, and, when they have 
become cool, rub the Mercury with it until extinguished; then 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 387 

gradually add the Lead Plaster, previously melted, and mix 
the whole thoroughly together. 

The Br. formula is Mercury 3 ounces, Olive Oil 56 grains, 
Sublimed Sulphur 8 grains, Lead Plaster 6 ounces. It is made 
in a similar manner. 

The German formula resembles the U. S., but directs Tur- 
pentine (Gum Thus) instead of Resin. 

822. Emplastrum Ichthyocollae. 

Isinglass Plaster, Court Plaster. 

This is made by dissolving 10 parts of Isinglass in enough 
hot water to make 120 parts ; one half of this solution is then 
spread in successive layers with a brush upon taffeta stretched 
on a level surface. The remainder of the solution is then 
mixed with 40 parts of Alcohol and 1 part of Glycerin, and the 
taffeta is again varnished with the solution as before. To 
make water-proof, varnish the back side of the taffeta with 
Tincture Benzoin. 

This method of preparing Court Plaster is similar to that 
used by manufacturers, except that the fresh fish-sounds are 
generally used for making the solution and that the taffeta is 
usually brushed over with the solution a great many times. 
Some manufacturers have machinery by which the solution 
can be more evenly spread. Court Plaster is made in various 
colors by coloring the solutions. It is also made on silk, thin 
muslin, and paper. For the retail trade it is put up in small 
packages containing different colored sheets, and sold as Court 
Plaster. For physicians' use it is furnished in yard rolls. 

823. Emplastrum Opii. 

Opium Plaster. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Extract of Opium, 1 ounce. 

Burgundy Pitch 3 ounces. 

Lead Plaster \2 2 / l ounces. 

Water, 1^ ounces. 

Rub the Extract of ( )pium with the Water until uniformly 
soft, and add to it the Pitch and Lead Plaster, melted together 



388 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 



by means of a water-bath ; then continue the heat for a short 
time, stirring constantly, until the moisture is evaporated. 

The Br. formula is: Opium in finest powder i ounce or i 
part, Resin Plaster 9 ounces or 9 parts ; melt the Plaster by 
means of a water-bath, then add the Opium by degrees and 
mix thoroughly. 

824. Emplastrum Picis. 

Pitch Plaster. 

The Br. P. gives the following formula. There is no corre- 
sponding U. S. formula : 

Burgundy Pitch, 26 ounces or parts. 

Common Frankincense, . . . 13 ounces or parts. 

Resin, 4^2 ounces or parts. 

Yellow Wax 4^ ounces or parts. 

Expressed Oil of Nutmeg. . 1 ounce or part. 

Olive Oil, 2 ounces or parts. 

Water, 2 ounces or parts. 

Add the Oils and Water to the Frankincense, Burgundy 
Pitch, Resin, and Wax, previously melted together ; then, con- 
stantly stirring, evaporate to a proper consistence. 

825. Emplastrum Picis Burgundicae. 

Burgundy Pitch Plaster. 

Burgundy Pitch, 90 parts or 9 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Melt them together, strain the mixture and stir constantly 
until it thickens on cooling. 

826. Emplastrum Picis Canadensis. 

Canada Pitch Plaster, Hemlock Pitch Plaster. 

Canada Pitch (Hemlock Gum), 90 parts or 9 ounces. 
Yellow Wax 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Melt them together, strain the mixture and stir constantly 
until it thickens on cooling. 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 389 

827. Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide. 

Pitch Plaster, with Cantharides — Warming Plaster. 
{Emplastrum Calefaciens, Br.) 

The U. S. formula is: 

Burgundy Pitch, .... 92 parts or nj4 ounces. 
Cerate of Cantharides, . . 8 parts or 1 ounce. 

Heat the Cerate as nearly as possible to ioo° C. (21 2° F.) 
on a water-bath, and, having continued the heat for 15 min- 
utes, strain it through a close strainer which will retain the 
Cantharides. To the strained liquid add the Pitch, melt them 
together by means of a water-bath, and, having removed the 
heat, stir the mixture constantly until it thickens. 

The Br. formula directs an infusion of Cantharides 1 part in 
5 parts of boiling water for six hours, then strain and press 
through a calico strainer and evaporate the liquid until it is 
reduced to % part. Expressed Oil of Nutmeg, Yellow Wax, 
and Resin each 1 part, Resin Plaster 13 parts, Soap Plaster 8 
parts, are then melted together with the Extract of Cantha- 
rides, and well stirred until the whole is thoroughly mixed. 

828. Emplastrum Plumbi. 

Lead Plaster, Diachylon Plaster, Litharge Plaster. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Oxide of Lead (Litharge), in very fine 

powder, 8 ounces. 

Olive Oil, by weight, 15 ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Rul) the Oxide of Lead with about one half the Olive Oil 
and add the mixture to the remainder of the Oil, contained in 
;i suitable vessel of a capacity equal to three times the bulk 
of the' ingredients ; then add about 4 ounces of boiling Water 
and boil the whole together until a homogeneous plaster is 
formed, adding from time to time during the process a little 

Water as that first added is evaporated. 



890 K.MPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 



The Br. formula directs 5 ounces of Oxide of Lead, 10 
ounces of Olive Oil, and 5 ounces of Water, to be boiled 
together by the heat of a steam bath for four or five hours, 
stirring constantly until the product acquires a proper con- 
sistence for a plaster, adding more Water during the process if 
necessary. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs equal parts of common 
Olive Oil, Lard and Oxide of Lead to be boiled together with 
Water in the same manner as above directed. It is called 
Emplastrum Lithargyri in the G. P. 

Lead Plaster is the basis of most of the official plasters. 
The British formula makes the best product. 

The Compound Lead Plaster {Emplastrum Lithargyri Com- 
position) of the German Pharmacopoeia is nearly identical with 
the Galbanum Plaster of the Br. P. 

829. Emplastrum Plumbi Iodidi. 

Iodide of Lead Plaster. 
This is official in the Br. P., as follows : 

Iodide of Lead, 2 ounces or 1 part. 

Lead Plaster 16 ounces or 8 parts. 

Resin, 2 ounces or 1 part. 

Add the Iodide of Lead, in fine powder, to the Plaster and 
Resin, previously melted at as low a temperature as possible, 
and mix them intimately. 

830. Emplastrum Resinae. 

Resin Piaster, Adhesive Plaster. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Resin, in fine powder, ... 14 parts or /£ ounce. 

Lead Plaster, 80 parts or 5 ounces. 

Yellow Wax 6 parts or ->8 ounce. 

To the Lead Plaster and Wax, melted together over a gen- 
tle fire, add the Resin and mix them. 

The Br. formula is Resin 4 ounces or 2 parts, Lead Plaster 
2 pounds (av.) or 16 parts. Curd Soap 2 ounces or 1 part. To 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 391 

the Lead Plaster, previously melted at a low temperature, add 
the Resin and Soap, first liquefied, and stir them until they 
are thoroughly mixed. 

This is the "Adhesive Plaster," which, when spread, is used 
so extensively in surgery. Druggists are familiar with the 
spread plaster but are little acquainted with the plaster mass. 

831. Emplastrum Saponis. 

Soap Plaster. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Soap, dried and in fine powder, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Lead Plaster, 90 parts or 9 ounces. 

Water sufficient. 

Rub the Soap with Water until brought to a semi-liquid 
state, then mix it with the Lead Plaster, previously melted, 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

The Br. formula is Curd Soap 6 ounces, Lead Plaster 2^ 
pounds av., Resin 1 ounce. To the Lead Plaster, melted at a 
low temperature, add the Soap and the Resin, first liquefied ; 
then, constantly stirring, evaporate to a proper consistence. 

The German formula is Lead Plaster 70 parts, Yellow Wax 
10 parts, melted together, and to the partially cooled mass add 
medicinal Soap, powdered, 5 parts, and Camphor, rubbed with 
a little Olive Oil, I part. 

832. Emplastrum Saponis Fuscum. 

Brown Soap Plaster. 

I in Mr. formula directs : 

Curd Soap, in powder. ... 10 parts or ounces. 

Yellow Wax 12 parts or ounces. 

( Hive ( )il 20 II. parts or ll. ounces. 

Oxide of Lead 15 parts or ounces. 

Vinegar 160 fl. parts or ounces. 

Boil the Vinegar and Oxide of Lead together by the heat 
of a steam bath, Constantly stirring them, until the Oxide has 



392 EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 



combined with the Acid ; then add the Soap and boil again 
until most of the moisture is evaporated ; finally, add the 
Wax and Oil, melted together, and stir the whole continuously, 
maintaining the heat until, by evaporation of the remaining 
moisture, the product has acquired the proper consistence for 
a plaster. 

Other Plasters. 

The official Plasters for which formulae have been given 
embrace most that are used to any extent in pharmacy; but 
a few others deserve attention, and are therefore mentioned 
here : 

833. Aconite Plaster. — This Plaster was formerly official in the U. S. P. 
It is made by exhausting 16 ounces of Aconite Root with Alcohol, evapor- 
ating to a soft extract and adding to it sufficient Resin Plaster, previously 
melted, to make 16 ounces. 

834. Antimonial Plaster. — This is best prepared extemporaneously by 
sprinkling Tartar Emetic in very fine powder on the surface of common 
Adhesive Plaster or any kind of spread plasters. It is used as a counter- 
irritant. 

835. Camphor Plaster.— For extemporaneous work Camphor in fine 
powder may be applied to the warmed surface of adhesive or other spread 
plaster. Several plasters containing Camphor are official. 

836. Cancer Plaster.— Several Plasters are furnished for the purpose of 
removing Cancers. The one to which the greatest success is attributed is 
used by some of the most noted cancer doctors. Sheep-sorrel is gathered 
green and pounded to a pulp, the juice is expressed and dried on pewter 
plates to an extract ; this is then used as it is as a plaster, or combined with 
some sort of adhesive salve and applied. Another Cancer Plaster is made 
with Extract of Hemlock 1 drachm, Arsenious Acid in very fine powder 30 
grains, Wax Plaster 1 ounce. 

Many other Cancer Plasters are used, most of them consisting of Arsenic 
combined with other substances. 

837. Corn Plaster.— A great variety of Corn Plasters are found in the 
market, the most popular being made of Felt coated with Adhesive Plaster, 
and a hole punched in the centre to relieve the pressure from the corn. 
These are not in any way medicinal, but simply remove the pressure from 
the corn. 

To apply to corns in the form of a plaster, the following will be found 
effective : Salicylic Acid 60 grains, Beeswax 6 drachms, Venice Turpentine 



EMPLASTRA — PLASTERS. 393 

2 drachms, Verdigris, in fine powder, 60 grains. Melt the Wax, add the 
Venice Turpentine, and mix in the other ingredients. 

838. Croton-Oil Plaster. — The most common way of making a Croton- 
Oil Plaster is to rub a few drops of Croton-Oil over the surface of Adhesive 
or any spread plaster. It can also be made by melting Lead Plaster and 
adding 1 part of Croton-Oil to 6 parts of the plaster. 

839. Elemi Plaster. — Wax Plaster 3 parts, Gum Elemi 1 part, melted 
together. This is also called Issue Plaster. 

840. Euphorbium Plaster. — Burgundy Pitch Plaster 8 ounces, melted 
and mixed with Euphorbium in fine powder 1 drachm. Capuchin Plaster 
is sometimes furnished by the name of Euphorbium Plaster. It is made of 
Burgundy Pitch and Beeswax each 3 ounces, Venice Turpentine 1 ounce, 
melted together and then added to the mass Gum Ammoniacum, Olibanum, 
Mastich and Calamine, each 1 ounce. Euphorbium, Pyrethrum (pellitory) and 
Common Salt, all in fine powder, each 2 ounces. The whole is then well 
mixed together. 

841. Extract Plasters.— A great variety of plasters may be made by 
mixing solid extracts of drugs with Burgundy Pitch Plaster, Resin Plaster, 
Lead Plaster, or other combined plasters. The plaster is first melted and 
the extract incorporated. The proportion is generally 1 part of extract to 9 
parts of plaster. 

842. Issue Plaster. — Beeswax 8 parts, Burgundy Pitch and Chian Tur- 
pentine, each 4 parts, Vermilion and Orris Root each 1 part. Many other 
stimulating plasters are used as Issue Plasters. 

843. Mustard Plaster.— This is always made extemporaneously by mixing 
powdered Mustard to a stiff paste with warm water or vinegar. It is usually 
diluted with 3 or 4 parts of Corn-meal. 

Ginger Plaster may be made in the same way. Spread Mustard Plasters 
are prepared mustard spread upon paper. The formulae will be found under 
Charter Sinap/s (407). 

844. Poor Man's Plaster.— This is another name for Pitch Plaster, which 
is conveniently made by melting together Beeswax 1 ounce, Resin 3 ounces. 
Tar 3 ounces, and spreading upon paper or cloth. 

845. Quinine Plaster.— Quinine may be mixed with Adhesive, Wax 
or Lead Plaster, or any compound plasters, when melted, in the propor- 
tion of 1 part to 10, or any other proportion desired. Other alkaloids or their 
salts may also be combined in the same way. 

846. Sticking Plaster or Sticking Salve.— A great variety of Sticking 
Salves or Plasters are found in the market, most of them being made of Bur- 
gundy Pitch combined with various ingredients and sold under various 
names. The following formula makes a first-class " Sticking Salve": 

Burgundy Pitch 6 parts, Resin 4 parts, Turpentine Gum 2 parts, Canada 
Balsam 1 part, Yellow Wax 2 parts, Venice Turpentine 1 part. Melt them 



394 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 



together. This may be colored green with Bayberry Wax 2 parts. It. is put 
up in small round sticks and sold by various names. 

847. Verdigris Plaster. — Beeswax 4 parts, Burgundy Pitch 2 parts, 
melted together, and, while liquid, Venice Turpentine 1 part and powdered 
Verdigris 1 part added and stirred while cooling. 

848. Wax Plaster or Simple Plaster.— Beeswax 3 parts, Yellow Resin 
2 parts, Suet (fresh tallow) 2 parts, melted together and stirred while cooling. 

849. Zinco-Lead Plaster.— Beeswax 8 ounces, Olive Oil 3 ounces, Black 
Lead 3 ounces, Carbonate of Lead 2 ounces, Calamine 1 ]/> ounce, Olibanum 
}i ounce. Melt and mix together to make a plaster. 

The foregoing are all the Plasters for which formuke are generally needed ; 
but many other combinations are made, and may occasionally be called for. 
The judgment of the druggist will generally enable him to prepare any com- 
bination that may be wanted. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 

Emulsions are preparations in which an oil, liquid resin r 
balsam, or other fluid fatty matter is made to combine with 
water or aqueous solutions by means of some substance which 
combines with it to form a homogenous mixture in which the 
globules of oil or other substance are so broken up or divided 
as to be invisible except by a microscope. To fulfill the 
required conditions, an Emulsion must be of a uniform con- 
sistence, permanent without separation, miscible in all pro- 
portions with water, syrup or aqueous liquids, and sufficiently 
fluid to be poured readily from a bottle. To make such an 
Emulsion it is necessary to use the proper emulsifying ingre- 
dients in the proper proportions and to combine them in the 
proper manner, all of which requires an understanding of the 
method of making emulsions and care in preparing them. 

In medicine Emulsions are employed to render many nau- 
seating medicines palatable, and by minutely dividing the 
globules of oil, etc., fitting them for digestion and assimila- 
tion. They are mainly employed as nutritive food in debil- 
itated conditions. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 395 



Emulsificatioti is the process of making emulsions, which 
may be briefly described as follows : 



850. General Directions for Preparing Emul- 
sions. 

To prepare Emulsions in a small way, choose a shallow- 
shaped mortar that will hold double the quantity of the Emul- 
sion desired to be made, and a pestle with a large flattened 
head. See that the mortar and pestle are perfectly dry, then 
put the powdered Gum Arabic in the mortar, and gradually 
add the water, rubbing it to a smooth paste: or if Acacia 
Mucilage Syrup is used, rub it with the pestle around the sides 
of the mortar. Then begin to add the Oil by pouring it very 
slowly from a bottle into the centre of the Gum Solution, 
constantly rubbing it with the pestie with a circular motion 
around the sides of the mortar. This will form a thick pasty 
mass, which should get thicker as more Oil is added. If the 
Oil does not combine as rapidly as added, stop pouring for a 
moment and work the mass with the pestle until it is homo- 
geneous. The Oil should be more slowly added as the process 
proceeds, and care must be used to maintain a coating of the 
pasty mass on the sides of the mortar and on the pestle, the 
Oil being broken up and emulsified between the two clinging 
surfaces thus presented. When all the Oil is added, the mass 
should be white and of a thick, pasty consistence, having no 
globules of Oil visible. The Flavoring Oils should then be 
added, the Glycerin or Syrup incorporated with the mass by 
rubbing them together, and then the water, to which is added 
any salts or solutions that are directed to be incorporated, 
should be gradually added and thoroughly rubbed with the 
pasty mass to complete the Emulsion. 

If any insoluble salts or other insoluble substances are to be 
added, they should be reduced to a very fine powder and 
nibbed with the Emulsion when completed. 

In making Emulsions it frequently happens that the Oil is 
added too fast to emulsify, or that the sides of the mortar be- 
come "greased" and will not "cling" to the Oil and break up 
its globules. It is then necessary to start the Emulsion over 



396 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 

again in a clean dry mortar, with a small quantity of fresh 
Mucilage Syrup, and work in the "cracked" Emulsion in the 
mortar in the same manner as at first. The clinging surfaces 
must be maintained or the Emulsion cannot be made. 

On a large scale Emulsions are best made in revolving churns 
or other apparatus by which the Oil and Mucilage may be 
thoroughly agitated. The Mucilage sufficient for the whole 
batch is first put in the churn and the inside thoroughly cov- 
ered, the Oil is then added in portions and the mixture well 
agitated after each portion is added. 

The Mucilage or Mucilage Syrup which is used for emulsi- 
fying must be sweet and fresh, and of a uniform consistence 
without lumps. 

851. Acacia Mucilage Syrup. 

For making Emulsions it is most convenient to have a Mucil- 
age Syrup prepared and ready, for when made by rubbing 
powdered Gum Arabic with Water considerable delay is expe- 
rienced and the results are not always satisfactory. We have, 
therefore, found it desirable to have the following syrup pre- 
pared for this purpose : 

Best Gum Arabic, granulated, ... 6 ounces av. 

Albumen, (white of egg,) 8 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces. 

Boric Acid, 30 grains. 

Rub the Boric Acid to a very fine powder, and dissolve by 
rubbing with the Glycerin. Mix the solution with the Albu- 
men in a wide-mouth bottle or jar, add the Gum Arabic, and 
stir several times a day with a stick from the bottom, until 
the Gum is entirely dissolved, strain, if necessary, stop tight, 
and put away in a cool place. 

This requires two or three days to make, as heat cannot be used 
to effect the solution. It should be kept on hand, but it may 
be quickly made by using powdered Gum Arabic and rubbing 
with the Glycerin, etc., in a mortar. 

This is used as the emulsifying agent instead of Gum Arabic 
alone, as it is more effective. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 397 



852. Stronger Lime Water. 

Lime, in lump, selected, 1 ounce av. 

Water 14 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 4 ounces av. 

Slack the Lime by pouring upon it half an ounce of hot 
water, and allowing to stand until it is reduced to a powder, 
add the Water and Sugar, allow to stand, and filter. 

This is sometimes used in making preparations of Cod Liver 
Oil that are sold as emulsions, although it does not make a 
true Emulsion, but rather saponifies the Oil, the Hydrate of 
Calcium uniting with the oleic acid of the Oil. 



853. Emulsion Castor Oil. 

Taste/ess Cod Liver Oil. 

Castor Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Oils with the Syrup, and add the Water as directed 
(850). The efficacy of Castor Oil as thus prepared is very 
much increased, and it is not unpleasant to take. The dose 
is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful in milk or plain. It 
contains 50 per cent, of Oil. 



854. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

Tasteless Cod Liver Oil. 

Cod Liver Oil 8 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup 5 fl. ounces. 

Oil Hitter Almonds IO drops. 

( )il Wintergreen 5 drops. 

Water 3 flounces. 

Rub the Oils with the Syrup and add the Water as directed 

(850'. This Emulsion'contains 50 percent, of ( )il, and is very 



398 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 



palatable if made from good Oil. The dose is a dessertspoon- 
ful to a tablespoonful. 

The New-York and Brooklyn Formulary gives the following: 



855. Emulsio Olei Morrhuse Fortior. 

Stronger Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil. 

Acacia, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 

Sugar, in fine powder 4 ounces av. 

Cod Liver Oil 16 rl. ounces. 

Water, enough to make 28 fl.ounces. 

Mix the Acacia and Sugar with the Cod Liver Oil in a dry mortar, and add 
8 fl.ounces of Water, then triturate thoroughly and continuously until the Oil 
is emulsified, and finally incorporate enough Water to make the product 
measure 28 fl.ounces. The Common Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil is made by 
mixing 14 fl.ounces of the Stronger Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, 15 minims 
each Oil of Sassafras and Wintergreen, Water enough to make 16 fl.ounces. 
This makes a 50 per cent. Emulsion. Unless this Emulsion is very skillfully 
made it will soon separate, and it will soon ferment in warm weather. It is 
therefore good only for immediate use. 



856. Cod Liver Oil with Lime. 

This is not a true Emulsion, but has every appearance of 
one, and is much sold both as plain Emulsion of Cod Liver 
Oil and as Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil and Lime. It is very 
conveniently made and gives good satisfaction, but thickens 
after a time, and is therefore not desirable to put upon the 
market. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl.ounces. 

Stronger Lime Water, 4 fl.ounces. 

Syrup, 4 fl.ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 

Oil Wintergreen, 5 drops. 

This may be mixed simply by shaking together violently in 
a bottle. It is a valuable preparation whenever Lime is indi- 
cated in connection with Cod Liver Oil. The dose is a des- 
sertspoonful or more. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 399 



857. Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypo- 

phosphites of Lime and Soda. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, . . . ... . 5 fl. ounces. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, . . . . 64 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, .... 64 grains. 

Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, dissolve the salts, 
first reduced to a fine powder, in the Water, and add as directed 
(850). 

A dessertspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains 1 grain 
each of the Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda and 50 per 
cent, of Oil. 

This has been a very popular preparation, extensively sold 
as a proprietary remedy, and much prescribed in all parts of 
the country. 

Quite a number of combinations of this Emulsion with 
other preparations are found in the market, but they may be 
made generally as required by adding the desired ingredients. 

858. Cod Liver Oil with Iodine. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 

Compound Solution of Iodine, . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 

Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, add the Solution of 
Iodine and Water as directed (850). 

A dessertspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains % grain 
Iodine, 73 grain Iodide of Potassium, and 50 per cent. Cod 
Liver Oil. There is also a preparation called Iodized or 
lodinized Cod Liver Oil, which is a solution of Iodine in Cod 
Liver Oil, not an Emulsion. It is noticed under Proprietary 
Medicines. 



40() EMULSIONES — EMULSN >NS. 

859. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil, Iodo-Ferrated. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 5 fl. ounces. 

Tasteless Iodide of Iron 128 grains. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almonds 10 minims. 

Oil Wintergreen, 5 minims. 

Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, dissolve the Iodide 
of Iron in the Water, and add the solution as directed (850). 

A teaspoonful, which is the usual dose, contains 2 grains 
Tasteless Iodide of Iron and 50 per cent, of Cod Liver Oil. 
There is also a preparation called Iodo-Ferrated Cod Liver 
Oil, which is not an Emulsion. See Proprietary Medicines. 

860. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Iodide of 

Potassium. 

Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cod Liver Oil Emulsion (854), ... 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodide in the Water and mix with the Emul- 
sion. 

A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 4 grains of 
Iodide of Potassium combined with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

861. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Iron. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil, Ferrated. 

Cod Liver Oil may be combined with an)' of the soluble 
salts of Iron, as the Phosphate, Pyrophosphate, Citrate, etc., 
and also with solutions of Iron, as Dialysed Iron, etc. The 
following formula may be used : 

Phosphate of Iron in scales, 1880 (or any 

other soluble salt of Iron), . . . .128 grains. 

Water, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), .... 1 pint. 
Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, and 
add the solution to the Emulsion, rubbing them well together. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 401 

A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of the Iron salt and 50 
per cent, of Cod Liver Oil. 



862. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto- 
phosphate of Iron. 

Solution Lacto-phosphate of Iron, . . ^ fl. ounce. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 1 pint. 

Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 
A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Lacto-phosphate of Iron 
combined with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 



863. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto-phos- 
phate of Lime. 

Solution Lacto-phosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains 
Lacto-phosphate of Lime with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

This may also be made by rubbing 128 grains of Precipitated 
Lacto-phosphate of Lime with a pint of the Emulsion of Cod 
Liver Oil. 



864. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Lacto- 
phospfiates Compound. 

Solution Lacto-phosphate of Iron, . . y 2 fl. ounce. 
Solution Lacto-phosphate of Calcium, 1 fl. ounce. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 14^ fl. ounces. 

Mix the solutions with the Emulsion. 

A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Lacto-phosphate of Iron 
and 2 grains Lacto-phosphate of Lime. 

This may also be made by rubbing 64 grains Lacto-phos- 
phate of Iron and 128 grains Lacto-phosphate of Calcium with 
a pint of Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 



40-2 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 



865. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate 

of Lime. 

Solution Phosphate of Calcium, ... 1 fi. ounce. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 15 fi. ounces. 

Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 

A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains Phos- 
phate of Lime with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

This may also be made by rubbing 256 grains Precipitated 
Phosphate of Lime with a pint of Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

866. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphates 

Compound. 

Cod Liver Oil with Cliemical Food. 

Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, y 2 fl. ounce. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), . . . 1 pint. 

Add the solution to the Emulsion and mix them thoroughly. 
A dessertspoonful contains about 3^ grains of Mineral 
Phosphates with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 

867. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate 

of Lime and Wild Cherry. 

Fluid Extract Wild Cherry, .... 2 fi. ounces. 
Emulsion Cod Liver Oil and Phosphate 

of Lime, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 

868. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 1 pint. 

Rub the Pepsin first with a small portion of the Emulsion, 
and then with the remainder, and mix them thoroughly. 

A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of Pepsin combined 
with Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 






EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 403 

869. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pepsin 

and Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine 64 grains. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil (854), ... 1 pint. 

Rub the Quinine and Pepsin together to a fine powder, then 
with a small portion of the Emulsion, and then with the 
remainder until thoroughly mixed. 

A dessertspoonful contains 1 grain Quinine, 2 grains Pepsin, 
and 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 

870. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil Peptonized. 

Peptonized Cod Liver Oil and Milk. 

Condensed Milk, 2 ounces. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 128 grains. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 3 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Hitter Almonds, 10 minims. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Condensed Milk with the Saccharated Pepsin and 
1 fl. ounce of Water, and allow them to stand for 6 hours, then 
add the Mucilage Syrup, and rub the Oils with the mixture 
to make an Emulsion ; finally, add the Water as directed (850). 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Many combinations may be made by mixing this with other 
preparations, solutions, salts, etc. 

871. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pancreatine. 

Pancreatine, in powder 128 grains. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 

Water 3 (Pounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup 2 fl. ounces. 

I )il Wintergreen, 10 minims. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 minims. 



404 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 

Mix the Pancreatin with the Water and Glycerin, and let 
stand for 6 hours, then add the Acacia Mucilage Syrup, and 
rub the Oils with the mixture to make an Emulsion. 

A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains Pancreatine, with 50 per 
cent. Cod Liver Oil. 

872. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Pancrea- 

tine and Pepsin. 

Pepsin, saccharated, 128 grains. 

Emulsion Cod Liver Oil and Pancreatine, 1 pint. 

Rub the Pepsin first with a portion of the Emulsion, then 
add the remainder. 

A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains each of Pepsin and 
Pancreatine with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 

873. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, ... 4 fl. ounces. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 4 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Oil with the Mucilage Syrup, and add the Fluid 
Extract. 

A dessertspoonful contains y 2 drachm Fluid Extract Wild 
Cherry with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. 

874. Emulsion Cod Liver Oil with Yolk of 

Egg, Cod Liver Oil and Glyconin. 

A kind of Emulsion is made with the Yolks of Eggs by- 
shaking them with Cod Liver Oil and other ingredients : 

The Yolks of Eggs, 2^ fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 3 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Phosphoric Acid, 2 fl. ounces. 

Sherry Wine, 4 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, 10 fl. ounces. 

Old Bitter Almonds, 10 drops. 

Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 405 

Beat the Yolks of Eggs and Glycerin together, then add 
the Oils gradually, shaking them well together after adding 
each portion. Lastly, add the Acid and Wine, and mix them 
well together. The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful. 

A preparation made like this, but containing only half 
the quantity of Oil is known and prescribed as " Hospital 
Emulsion." 



875. Cod Liver Oil Mixture with Hypophos- 
phites. 

The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 

white and yolk, about 3 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 

Hypophosphorous Acid, diluted (34), . 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, . 4 fl. ounces. 

Beat the Eggs with the Oils and add the Syrup and Acid. 

A dessertspoonful contains 2^ grains mixed Hypophos- 
phites and 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. Wine or Brandy may 
be added to this mixture if desired. 



876. Cod Liver Oil Mixture with Phosphates. 

Cod Liver Oil with Chemical Food. 

The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 

white and yolk, about . . . . . 3 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Phosphoric Acid, I fl. ounce. 

Syrup Phosphates Compound, ... 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 drops. 

Beat the Eggs with the Oils and add the Syrup and Acid. 

A dessertspoonful contains nearly 2 grains mixed Phos- 
phates with 50 per cent. Cod Liver Oil. This may be mixed 
with Wine or Brandy if desired. 



406 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 

877. Phosphorated Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. 

The contents of two good-sized Eggs, 

white and yolk, about 3 fl. ounces. 

Phosphoric Acid, diluted 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 

Sherry Wine 4 fl. ounces. 

Cod Liver Oil 8 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almonds 10 drops. 

Oil Wintergreen, 5 drops. 

Beat the Eggs with the Oils, and add the Syrup, Wine and 
Acid. Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

878. Cod Liver Oil with Extract of Malt. 

Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Extract of Malt, 8 fl. ounces. 

Oil Wintergreen, 20 minims. 

Oil Bitter Almonds, 5 minims. 

Rub the Oils with the Extract of Malt as directed for 
making Emulsions. The dose is a dessert to a tablespoonful, 
containing 50 per cent, each, Cod Liver Oil and Malt Extract. 

Extract of Malt makes a semi-solid palatable mixture with 
Cod Liver Oil, and is an excellent combination for debilitated 
conditions and wasting diseases. 

A great variety of combinations of Cod Liver Oil with Ex- 
tract of Malt may be advantageously made, but it is unneces- 
sary to give formulas for them, as they may be made by adding 
powders, Pepsin, Pancreatine, etc., or solutions, as Phosphate 
of Calcium, Phosphates Compound, etc., or other substances 
as may be desired. 

879. Emulsion Copaiba. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 6 fl. ounces. 

Balsam Copaiba, 4 fl. ounces. 

Syrup 3 fl. ounces. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil Wintergreen, 20 drops. 



EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 407 

Rub the Oil and Balsam with the Mucilage Syrup, and add 
the Syrup and Water, as directed for making Emulsions. 

A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Balsam Copaiba. The dose 
is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 

880. Emulsion Olive Oil. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, ..... 6 fl. ounces. 

Best Olive Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Oil Wintergreen, 20 minims. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup and add the Water 
as directed (850). Dose, a dessertspoonful containing 50 per 
cent, of Oil. 

881. Emulsion Turpentine. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup, 6 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 3 fl. ounces. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 

Rub the Oils with the Mucilage Syrup, and add the Syrup 
and Water as directed (850J. 

A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Oil of Turpentine. The 
dose is half to a teaspoonful or more. 

882. Emulsion Canada Turpentine. 

Emulsion Balsam Fir. 

Acacia Mucilage Syrup 6 fl. ounces. 

Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Syrup 3 fl. ounces. 

Canada Balsam, 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims. 

Rub the Oil and Balsam with the Mucilage Syrup, and add 
the Syrup and Water as directed (850). 
A fl. drachm contains 15 minims Canada Balsam. 



408 EMULSIONES — EMULSIONS. 



Other Emulsions. 

A variety of other Emulsions may be made from fixed and 
volatile Oils, Balsams, Gums, Resins, Extracts, etc., in the 
same manner as the foregoing. A few sample formulas are 
given : 

883. Emulsion of Almonds— Milk of Almonds. — Blanched Almonds, 1 
ounce aw, beat to a pulp, with water gradually added sufficient to make 10 
fl. ounces, and strained through gauze or cheese cloth. 

This may also be made with Oil of Almonds 3 fl. drachms, Acacia Mucilage 
Syrup 10 fl. drachms, Rose Water 1 fl. ounce, Distilled Water 3 fl. ounces. 
Rub the Oil with the Mucilage, then add the other ingredients. 

884. Emulsion Asafetida. — Asafetida 1 ounce, Oil of Almonds 3 fl. ounces, 
Acacia Mucilage Syrup 4 fl. ounces, Water 3 fl. ounces. Warm the Asafetida 
with the Oil, and rub in a mortar until uniformly mixed, then rub with the 
Mucilage Syrup, and add the Water. This may be flavored with Peppermint 
if desired. Many other Gums or Gum Resins may be made into Emulsions 
in the same manner. 

885. Emulsion Balsam Peru. — Balsam Peru 2 ounces, Acacia Mucilage 
Syrup 4 fl. ounces, Syrup 6 flounces, Water 4 fl. ounces. Rub the Balsam 
with the Mucilage Syrup, add the Syrup and Water. Emulsions of other 
liquid Balsams and Oleo-resins may be made in the same manner. 

886. Emulsion of Wax. — White Wax 1 ounce, Acacia Mucilage Syrup 
4 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Melt the Wax, and having warmed the Mucil- 
age Syrup to about i4o°F., rub the melted Wax with it in a mortar, and 
gradually add the Water, warmed to about ioo°F., rubbing them well together 
until cold. Emulsions of other waxes, Spermaceti, etc., may be made in the 
same manner. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING 
EXTRACTS. 

The term Essoicc is applied in a general way to the import- 
ant or essential part or portion of plants or other substances, 
and in -pharmacy to a class of preparations made from or pos- 
sessing the essential principles of substances, such as Essential 
Oils or their solutions in alcohol, Ethers used as artificial 
flavors, Fluid Extracts or Tinctures of odorous substances 
used for flavoring or in perfumery, etc., etc. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 409 

In the U. S. P. there is no mention of essences, but in the 
Br. P. Essence of Anise and Essence of Peppermint are 
assigned a place, being very much stronger solutions of the 
Essential Oils than the " Spirits" of the same. Many of the 
preparations which are commonly known as essences are found 
in the Spirits of the U. S. and other pharmacopoeias, and 
others are found among the Ethers, Fluid Extracts, Tinc- 
tures, etc. 

It is intended in this work to class under this heading only 
such preparations as are known as Essences and Flavoring 
Extracts — the esprits and essences used in perfumery being 
classed under perfumes. 

The preparations included under this classification are natu- 
rally divided into several departments, as solutions of Essential 
Oils or Essences proper, many of which are also known as Ex- 
tracts, Extracts of odorous substances used for flavoring, etc., 
Soluble Extracts or Essences used for flavoring beverages, 
Artificial Fruit, Essences or Flavors, and miscellaneous essences 
and extracts that cannot well be classified under any of these 
heading's. 



Concentrated Essences or Extracts. 

Solutions of Essential Oils. 

The Solutions of Essential Oils in Spirits have been famil- 
iarly known from time immemorial as " Essences," and the 
characteristic "Yankee Essence Peddler" is not even now 
entirely extinct in the rural districts. 

No uniform standard of strength has ever been adopted for 
Essences, but the general practice of Pharmacists in this coun- 
try is to use i ounce of the Oil in a pint of Alcohol for all the 
more common ones, but Peddlers' Essence is made much 
weaker as a rule. 

It is needless to remark that only the best quality of oils and 
good cologne spirit or alcohol should be used in making all 
these preparations. Many of them are used for flavoring soda 
water syrups, and are known as "Concentrated Extracts." 
Others are extensively used for flavoring confectioner)-, ice 



410 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

cream, and for culinary use, and some are well known domestic 
remedies. 

890. Anise Essence. 

Oil of Anise, 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 flounces. 

Mix them. The Essence of Anise of the Br. P. contains 20 per cent, of the 
Oil. which is double the strength of the U. S. Spirit of Anise; both are 
stronger than is generally sold as Essence of Anise. 

891. Bay Essence. 

Oil of Bay Leaves, 4 fi drachms. 

Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 

Mix them. This is used for flavoring soups, etc., in place of the leaves. A 
soluble Essence of Bay for making Bay Rum may be made by dissolving 4 
fl. drachms Oil of Bay in 6 ounces Cologne Spirit, rubbing 6 drachms of Car- 
bonate of Magnesium with 8 ounces of Water, adding the mixture to the 
solution, and filtering. 

892. Bergamot Essence. 

Oil of Bergamot 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 

Mix and filter. This Essence is considerably called for as a scent for hair 
preparations, etc. 

893. Bitter Almond Essence. 

Oil of Bitter Almond 4 fl. drachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. This is sold as the Concentrated Essence or Extract of Bitter 
Almond. A good ordinary Essence may be made by dissolving 1*4. fl. drachm 
of Oil Bitter Almond in 8 fl.ounces of Alcohol and adding 8 fl.ounces of 
Water. 

894. Calamus or Sweet Flag Essence. 

Oil of Calamus, 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring confectionery, etc., and in making Bitters, etc. 
An extract may also be made by macerating 4 ounces av. of powdered Cala- 
mus in a pint of Alcohol. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 411 

895. Caraway Essence. 

Oil of Caraway Seed . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring confectionery, pastry, etc. 

896. Cardamom Essence. 

Oil of Cardamom Seed 4 fl .drachms. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring, etc. The Oil of Cardamom is quite expen- 
sive, but of fine flavor. An extract may also be made by macerating 4 
ounces of powdered Cardamom Seed in a pint of Alcohol. 

897. Cassia or Cinnamon Essence. 

Oil of Cassia 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Cinnamon contains 10 per cent, of the Oil ; 
the Br. contains but 2 per cent. 

898. Cedar Essence. 

Oil of Cedar, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit ..15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

899. Celery Essence. 

Oil of Celery, 4 fl.drachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. An extract is also made from Celery Seed. 

900. Clove Essence. 

Oil of Cloves 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring, etc. 

901. Cherry Essence. 

Cherry Laurel Oil 4 fl.drachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. 



412 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

902. Cognac Essence. 

Oil of Cognac 2 fl. drachms. 

Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 

Mix them. This is used for flavoring, also for making artificial Brandy. 
Good Oil of Cognac is very expensive. This Essence may be diluted, if 
desired, cheaper. 

903. Coriander Essence. 

Oil of Coriander, 4 fl.drachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. 

904. Curacoa Essence. 

Oil of Curacoa, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit i5fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Orange. 

905. Dill Essence. 

Oil of Dill 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

906. Fennel Essence. 

Oil of Fennel Seed, 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

907. Hemlock Essence. 

Oil of Hemlock 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

908. Juniper Essence. 

Oil of Juniper Berries, 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 1 5 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Juniper contains 3 per cent, of the Oil; 
the Br. P. directs 2 per cent. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 413 

909. Lavender Essence. 

Oil of Lavender, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. The U. S. Spirit of Lavender contains 3 per cent, of the Oil ; 
the Br. P. directs 2 per cent. 

910. Lemon Essence. 

Oil of Lemon, fresh, 1 fl.ounce. 

Fresh Lemon Peel, chopped fine or grated 1 ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and macerate for 7 days, then filter. The outer, yellow portion 
of the peel only should be used. If the fresh Lemon Peel cannot readily be 
obtained, color with a few chips of Fustic. This essence is the well-known 
Extract of Lemon, so much sold as a flavoring extract. It may be made 
stronger or weaker if desired by using more or less Lemon Oil ; but this 
formula makes an extract fully up to the standard. The U. S. P. directs 6 
per cent, of Lemon Oil and 4 per cent, of Lemon Peel. 

911. Lime Essence. 

Oil of Limes, 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Lemon. 

912. Mace Essence. 

Oil of Mace, etherial 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring, like Nutmeg. 

913. Mustard Essence. 

Oil of Mustard, essential, 4 lldrachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. The Oil of Mustard must be carefully 
handled. 

914. Nutmeg Essence. 

Oil of Nutmeg I llounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Used for llavoring. The Br. P. directs 2 per cent, of the Oil 
for making Spirit of Nutmeg. 



414 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

915. Orange Essence. 

Oil of Sweet Orange, fresh 1 fl .ounce. 

Fresh Orange Peel, outside, grated 1 ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit 15 rl. ounces. 

Mix them and macerate for 7 days, then filter. See remarks after Lemon 
Essence. 

916. Parsley Essence. 

Oil of Parsley 4 fl. drachms. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. 

917. Pennyroyal Essence. 

Oil of Pennyroyal, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

918. Peppermint Essence. 

Oil of Peppermint 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15ft. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. It is customary with some druggists to color Essence 
of Peppermint green, which may be done by adding a little peppermint herb 
to the Essence, or a little grass-green coloring (443). The U. S. P. Spirit of 
Peppermint contains 10 per cent, of the Oil ; the Br. P. directs 2 per cent, of 
the Oil for making Spirit of Peppermint, but also gives an Essence of Pepper- 
mint containing 20 per cent, of the Oil. 

919. Pimento or Allspice Essence. 

Oil of Pimento, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. Used for flavoring. 

920. Rose Essence. 

Oil of Rose, ' . 1 fl. drachm. 

Cologne Spirit 1 pint. 

Mix them. This may be reduced if a cheaper Essence is desired. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 415 

921. Rosemary Essence. 

Oil of Rosemary, 1 ii. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

922. Sage Essence. 

Oil of Sage, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 flounces. 

Mix them. 

923. Sarsaparilla Essence. 

Oil of Sassafras 3 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Wintergreen 4 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Anise, 30 minims. 

Cologne Spirit, 12 fl. ounces. 

Water 3 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. This is the popular " Sarsaparilla Flavoring" so much used for 
flavoring Soda Water, Syrup Sarsaparilla, etc. A stronger flavor can be 
made by using a larger quantity of the Oils and no Water. 

924. Sassafras Essence. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

925. Spearmint Essence. 

Oil of Spearmint 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. This may be colored with Spearmint herb or grass-green color- 
ing if desired. See remarks under Essence Peppermint. The U. S. P. Spirit 
of Spearmint contains 10 per cent, of the Oil. 

926. Spruce Essence. 

oil of Spruce, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

927. Wintergreen Essence. 

Oil of Wintergreen 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 ll. ounces. 

Mix them. The U. S. P. directs Spirits of Gaultheria to be made with 3 
parts of < )il of Wintergreen and 97 parts of Alcohol. 



416 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

928. Wormwood Essence. 

Oil of Wormwood 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

Essences of other Oils may be made in the same manner as the preceding, 
the judgment of the druggist directing how much of the Essential Oil should 
be used with a pint of Alcohol. 

Concentrated Extracts. 

In this department are included the liquid extracts of sub- 
stances, not Essential Oils, that are used as Flavoring Extracts, 
or for flavoring beverages, pastry, etc. Some of them are 
properly Fluid Extracts, others are Tinctures and others are 
mixtures both of Extracts and Essences. 

929. Angelica Extract or Essence. 

Angelica Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 12 fl.ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix 4 ounces of Water with the Alcohol, and macerate the drug in the 
mixture for 7 days, then pour off the liquid, transfer the drug to a percolator, 
and percolate first with the poured off liquid, then with Water, until a pint 
is obtained. 

This may also be made by mixing y 2 fl. ounce Oil of Angelica with a pint 
of Cologne Spirit. 

930. Beef or Meat Extract, Essence or Juice. 

A variety of preparations are sold under this name. The Extracts of 
Meat or Beef are usually of the consistence of a soft, solid Extract, while 
some are gelatinous. The Essences of Beef found in the market are liquid. 
Of the Beef or Meat Extracts, Liebig's is the most popular. It is made on a 
large scale in South America by evaporating Meat Juices in vacuo in iron 
cylinders — the finished Extract representing 32 times its weight of fresh 
meat. It is much used in making Wine of Beef and Iron and other similar 
nutritive preparations, and for making soups and other articles of diet. 

Essence of Beef or Meat Juice is prepared from the expressed juice of 
fresh meat, condensed and preserved with glycerin. The most popular meat 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 417 

juice in this country is Valentine's. It is said to contain the nutritive value 
of two pounds of beef in a fl. ounce. 

In a small way Meat Juice may be made by chopping fresh beefsteak 
fine, enclosing it in a linen cloth, and pressing it in a lemon squeezer or a 
small press. It is much better and more nutritious than beef tea. 



931. Chocolate Extract or Essence. 

Confectioners' Cocoa or Chocolate 1 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Reduce the Cocoa or Chocolate to a coarse powder, and put in a wide- 
mouth quart bottle, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol, and shake them thoroughly 
together, let stand in a warm place for 12 hours, with occasional agitation, 
then heat in a water-bath for one hour or more to about i6o°F., leaving a 
little vent in the cork for the steam to escape. When cool, pour off the liquid 
and add half a pint more of Alcohol, heat as before, and add the product to 
the liquid before obtained to make about a pint of the Extract. The Choco- 
late may be still more thoroughly exhausted by adding more Alcohol, con- 
centrating the Tincture by distillation and adding the soft extract to the 
liquid formerly obtained. 



932. Coffee Extract or Essence. 

Java Coffee, browned or roasted, 8 ounces av. 

Mocha Coffee, browned or roasted, 8 ounces av. 

Alcohol 8 flounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 pint. 

Grind the Coffee to a moderately fine powder, mix the Alcohol with 8 
ounces of Water, and moisten the powder with 8 ounces of the mixture, pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour the remainder of the mixture upon 
it, and set in a warm place for one day, then heat moderately, and after one 
hour begin to percolate, adding Water through the percolator, and continuing 
the percolation until 14 ll. ounces are obtained, which reserve, continue the 
percolation with Water until the drug is exhausted, then evaporate to 2 
fl. ounces, and add to the reserved liquid to make a pint. This is a Fluid Ex- 
tract of Coffee, It may be used for flavoring soda water syrups, etc., or 
medicinally. It requires about 4 fl.ounces to flavor a gallon of Coffee Syrup 
for soda water. 

933. Jamaica Ginger Extract or Essence. 

Extracts or Essences of Jamaica Ginger arc well known as proprietary 
remedies, and are considerably used as flavors for pastry and other articles 
of diet. The following formula is for a Fluid Extract of Jamaica Ginger, 



418 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



which is used chiefly for flavoring, or may be diluted for the proprietary 
Essence of Jamaica Ginger : 

Jamaica Ginger, in moderately fine powder 16 ounces av. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the powder with Alcohol, pack firmly in a water-bath percolator, 
pour upon it sufficient Alcohol to cover it, and set in a warm place for 2 
days, then heat moderately for one hour, and begin to percolate, adding 
Alcohol to the drug, and continuing the percolation until 14 flounces are 
obtained, which reserve ; continue the percolation with Alcohol until the 
drug is exhausted, then concentrate the later percolate by distillation to 2 
fl. ounces, and add to the reserved portion to make a pint of Fluid Extract of 
Jamaica Ginger. 

This is used as a Flavoring for Soda Water Syrup and other beverages. 
To make the proprietary Essence of Jamaica Ginger, mix 3 parts of this Ex- 
tract with 5 parts of Cologne Spirit. 

934. Orris Extract or Essence. 

Orris Root, in moderately fine powder 4 ounces av. 

Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Moisten the powder with Cologne Spirit, pack firmly in water-bath perco- 
lator, cover with Cologne Spirit, let stand 2 days, then heat moderately 1 
hour, and percolate with Cologne Spirit until a pint has passed. Used for 
flavoring and in compound perfumes. It has the odor of violets. 

935. Sherbet Extract or Essence. 

Vanilla Extract (940) 6 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Orange, fresh 3 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Rose 3 minims. 

Acetate of Amyl 1 fl .drachm. 

Cologne Spirit, 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

936. Tonka Extract or Essence. 

Tonka Beans, in fine powder 4 ounces av. 

Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Moisten the powder with the Cologne Spirit, pack firmly in the water-bath 
percolator, cover with Cologne Spirit, and let stand for 2 days, then heat 
moderately and percolate with Cologne Spirit until a pint has passed. 

This was formerly much used to combine with Vanilla for making a cheap 
Vanilla Extract, but is now rapidly going out of use. It is considerably 
employed in perfumery. 



ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 419 



937. Vanilla Extract or Essence. 

A great variety of Extracts of Vanilla are found on the market, and as it 
is one of the most important Extracts, the selection of the beans for preparing 
it, and the manner of making, should be well understood. 

The Mexican Vanilla Beans have the finest flavor, and the longer the bean, 
as a rule, the better the Extract ; but owing to the increased value of the 
longer beans they are seldom used by the large manufacturers. 

The Bourbon Beans are considerably used, but they have a ranker flavor, 
more like Tonka, and a first-class Extract cannot be made from them alone. 
They are, however, used to mix with the Mexican Beans, and give a strength 
to the flavor, which is considered desirable by some manufacturers, but is not 
liked by the best judges of Good Vanilla Extract. 

Owing to the high price of Vanilla Beans, they are liable to manipulation 
in the hands of unscrupulous jobbers, and an Extract is frequently made by 
soaking the whole beans in spirits, then drying and selling them. They are 
then brittle and lighter colored, and are practically worthless. The best way- 
is to buy them of reliable houses only. 

Several strengths of Vanilla Extracts are made. One containing 4 ounces 
to a pint being usually called Fluid Extract of Vanilla ; one, containing 2 
ounces to the pint, being called Concentrated Extract of Vanilla, chiefly used 
by confectioners and for flavoring soda water, etc. ; and one for the popular 
trade, usually made 1 ounce to the pint, and called by any name that the 
manufacturers chose to give it. Besides these, which rank as first-class, and 
vary only in strength, are the Extracts made of Vanilla and Tonka, or of 
poorer quality of beans, which are much sold by grocers and also by drug- 
gists. The following are the formulas : 



938. Fluid Extract of Vanilla. 

Vanilla Beans, cut fine 4 ounces av. 

Cologne Spirit 12 flounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

The Beans are best cut fine with a dried-beef sheer, or by chopping in a 
chopping-bowl ; they should then be pounded in an iron mortar until they 
are thoroughly crushed or dessicated, then pack them firmly in the water- 
bath percolator, and pour upon them 8 ounces of Cologne Spirit mixed with 
4 ounces of Water, and set in a warm place for 2 days ; then heat moder- 
ately for 2 hours, and begin to percolate. When the liquid has ceased to 
drop add the remaining 4 ounces of Cologne Spirit, mixed with 4 ounces of 
Water, and continue the percolation, adding Water, if necessary, through the 
pen olator until a pint of the Extract is obtained, then filter. 

This Extract is not sold except as a Fluid Extract, or for special use to 
those who know its strength. 



420 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVI >RING EXTRACTS. 



939. Concentrated Extract of Vanilla. 

Vanilla Beans, cut fine. 2 ounces av. 

Cologne Spirit, 12 fl.ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

.Make the same as the preceding. 



940. Extract of Vanilla. 

This is the Flavoring Extract of Vanilla that is mostly made and sold by 
druggists and manufacturers when Extract of Vanilla is wanted : 

Vanilla Beans, cut fine 1 ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit 10 rl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Reduce the Cut Beans to a coarse powder by beating in an iron mortar and 
put them in a pint wide-mouth bottle. Mix the Cologne Spirit with 6 ounces 
of Water, and pour one third of the mixture upon the Vanilla, and stop with 
a perforated cork, heat for one hour in a water-bath to about i6o°F., pour off 
the liquid and reserve ; pour on the drugs one third more of the menstruum, 
and heat as before, adding the liquid to the portion previously reserved. 
Pour on the remainder of the liquid, heat as before, and add the product to 
the reserved Extract, then add sufficient Water to the Vanilla in the bottle, 
heat again and pour off, adding the liquid to the reserved extract to make a 
pint of the Extract of Vanilla. 

In making larger quantities of this Extract, it is best made by water-bath 
percolation the same as the preceding. 



941. Vanilla-Tonka Extract. 

Many druggists mix a portion of Tonka with Vanilla to make an Extract 
of Vanilla. Although it gives a stronger flavor, it is not the same as Vanilla. 

This is called by some manufacturers Fortified Extract of Vanilla, but 
those who are accustomed to the true Vanilla flavor think but little of it. It 
may be made by using : 

Vanilla Beans ?+' ounce. 

Tonka Beans X ounce. 

Alcohol, 10 fl.ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Make in the same manner as Extract of Vanilla. Some manufacturers 
use a still larger proportion of Tonka. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 421 



Soluble Flavoring Extracts. 

Most of the Essences and Extracts made from Essential 
Oils and substances containing Oleo-resins, are insoluble in 
aqueous solutions — making cloudy or milky mixtures. It is 
desirable for many purposes that some of them should make 
clear solutions when mixed with Water or Syrup. A general 
formula is therefore given by which any of the Essences made 
from Oils may be made soluble, and a few special formulae for 
others are given. 

These Soluble Extracts are mainly used for Soda Water 
Syrups and for making bottled beverages. 

942. General Formula for Soluble Extracts. 

The Essential Oil or Oils ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

Cologne Spirit, 9 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium '4 to 1 ounce av. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the required Oil or Oils with the Cologne Spirit, rub half an ounce of 
Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder, and then with the Water, and 
add the mixture to the solution, shaking them well together, let stand a few 
days, shaking occasionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the 
filter to make a pint. As some Oils are much less soluble than others in 
aqueous solutions, the filtered product may not make a clear mixture with 
Water. This may be ascertained by dropping a few drops into a few ounces 
of Water. If the solution is cloudy it will be necessary to rub the filtrate 
with more Carbonate of Magnesium and again filter. 

943. Soluble Extract of Ginger. 

Jamaica Ginger Root, in moderately fine powder, . . 4 pounds av. 
Al' oliol, a sufficient quantity. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 3 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1 ounce av. 

ihe (linger in the water-hath percolator, and pour sufficient Alcohol 
upon ii to cover it, let stand 4<S hours in a warm place, then add more 
Alcohol, heat moderately for 1 hour and begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
to the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted. 
Reserve the first 4 pints that pass, and concentrate the remainder l>v distilling 
off the Alcohol until only a pint of the Extract remains; add this to the per- 
colate reserved. Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 4 pints of Water; rub 



422 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



the Carbonate of Magnesium to a smooth mixture with the solution, and add 
the mixture to the Extract. Let stand for several days, with occasional agita- 
tion, and finally filter. 

This is about half the strength of a Fluid Extract, and makes a clear solu- 
tion with Syrup or Water. It is used for flavoring Syrup for Soda Water, 
Ginger Beer, and other beverages. For making the U. S. official Syrup of 
dinger, mix i ll. ounce of this Extract with 15 H. ounces of Syrup. 



944. Ginger Ale Extract. 

Jamaica Ginger, in moderately fine powder, .... 4. pounds av. 

Oil of Lemon 1 rl. ounce. 

Oil of Orange 3 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Pimento i)4 fl.drachms. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 4 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 1 ounce av. 

Caramel Coloring, 2 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Pack the Ginger in the water-bath percolator, and pour sufficient Alcohol 
upon it to cover it, let it stand 48 hours in a warm place, then add more 
Alcohol, heat moderately for 1 hour and begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
to the percolator, and continuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted. 
Reserve the first 4 pints that pass, and concentrate the remainder by distilling 
off the Alcohol until only a pint of the Extract remains. Add this to the 
percolate reserved, then add the Oils to the same. 

Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 4 pints of Water, rub the Carbonate 
of Magnesium with the solution, add the Caramel Coloring, and then add 
the mixture to the Extract. Let stand several days, with occasional agita- 
tion, and finally filter. 

This is the popular Ginger Ale Extract so much used as a flavoring for 
Soda Water Syrups and bottled beverages. 

For making Ginger Ale to bottle or charge in a fountain, mix 6 ounces of 
this Extract with i' 2 gallons of Syrup, 7 gallons of Water, 1 ounce solution 
Citric Acid and 2 ounces Caramel, and charge to 30 pounds. For making 
Syrup Ginger Ale to draw from the fountain, mix 3 ounces of the Extract 
with 1 gallon Syrup, and add l / z ounce solution Citric Acid. 



945. Soluble Extract of Lemon. 

Oil of Lemon, fresh yb fl.ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium }4 ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit, 9 flounces. 

Water, q. s., or 8 fl. ounces. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 423 



Dissolve the Oil of Lemon in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of 
Magnesium with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, 
with occasional agitation, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter 
to make the measure one pint. . 

For making Lemon Pop, etc., mix 8 ounces of this Extract with 2 gallons 
of Syrup and 8 gallons of Water, add 1 ounce of Citric Acid, and charge to 
30 pounds. For Soda Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon of Syrup, 
and add 1 ounce Citric Acid Solution. 



946. Soluble Extract of Mead. 

A great number of formulas have been published for making this popular 
beverage, some being in the form of Extracts, and others in the form of a 
Syrup. The following makes a soluble Extract of fine flavor and strength : 

Oil of Lemon 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Sassafras 4 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Cloves 3 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Wintergreen 1 fl.drachm. 

Oil of Pimento, 1 fl.drachm. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 40 minims. 

Caramel Coloring, 2 fl.ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 4 ounces av. 

Cologne Spirit 4J^ pints. 

Water, q. s., or 4 pints. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
with the Water, and add the Caramel Coloring, then add the mixture to the 
solution, and let stand a few days, shaking occasionally, and filter. 

For charging in a fountain or bottling, mix 6 ounces of this Extract with 
i>2 gallons of Syrup, 7 gallons of Water, and 1 ounce Solution Citric Acid, 
and charge to 30 pounds. 

For making Syrup of Mead to diaw from the fountain, mix 3 ounces with 
1 pint Strawberry or Raspberry Fruit Juice, and ]/z ounce Citric Acid Solu- 
tion, and add enough Syrup to make 1 gallon. 



947. Excelsior Mead Extract. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 4 fl.ounces. 

Strawberry Juice (or other Fruit Juice) 4^ pints. 

Soluble Mead Extract (946) 8 fl.ounces. 

Caramel Coloring 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar 5 pounds av. 

Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 



Mix the liquids and dissolve the Sugar in the mixture. 



424 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 

To charge in a fountain, or make Bottled Mead, mix i y z gallons of this 
Extract with i gallon of Syrup and 7^ gallons of Water, and charge to 30 
pounds. 

For Excelsior Mead Syrup to draw from the fountain, mix 1 part with 3 
parts of Syrup. 



948. Soluble Extract of Orange. 

Oil of Orange y 2 fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium % ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit 9 fl. ounces. 

Water, q. s., or 8 fl .ounces. 

Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, shaking occa- 
sionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter to make the 
measure a pint. 

For making Orange Syrup for Soda Water, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon 
Syrup and x / z ounce Solution Citric Acid. 



949. Soluble Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

Oil of Wintergreen, iy 2 rl.drachms. 

Oil of Sassafras 1% fl.drachm. 

Oil of Anise, 15 minims. 

Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit 9 rl. ounces. 

Water, q. s., or 8 rl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
with the Water, and add to the solution, let stand a few days, then filter, 
adding enough Water through the filter to make the measure a pint. 

For charging in a fountain, making Sarsaparilla Pop, etc., mix S ounces 
of this Extract with 2 gallons of Syrup, 8 gallons of Water, y 2 ounce Citric 
Acid, and 8 ounces Caramel Coloring, and charge to 30 pounds. 

For Soda Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon Syrup, and color with 
Caramel. 



950. Soluble Extract of Tolu. 

Balsam Tolu i}4. ounce av. 

Alcohol 3 flounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 pint. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 425 

Dissolve the Balsam of Tolu in the Alcohol by the aid of a water-bath, 
and rub the solution thoroughly with the Carbonate of Magnesium, then 
gradually add to the mixture a pint of boiling Water, rubbing them well 
together, allow the mixture to stand until cold, then filter, adding through the 
filter sufficient Water to make the measure 16 fl. ounces. 

To make Syrup of Tolu, mix 2 fl.ounces of this with 14 flounces of Syrup. 
It is also used to flavor Soda Water Syrup in the same proportion. 



951. Soluble Extract of Wintergreen. 

Oil of Wintergreen 3 fl.ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium )A. ounce av. 

Cologne Spirit 9 fl.ounces. 

Water, q. s., or 8 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
with the Water, and add to the solution, let it stand for a few days, shaking 
occasionally, then filter, adding enough Water through the filter to make the 
measure a pint. 

For charging in a fountain, etc., use the same as Sarsaparilla. For Soda 
Water Syrup, mix 3 ounces with 1 gallon Syrup. 



952. Birch Beer Extract. 

Oil Wintergreen 3 ll. ounces. 

( )il Sassafras, y z tl. ounce. 

Oil Lemon l / 2 fl. ounce. 

Oil Cassia 10 minims. 

Catechu 60 grains. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 3 ounces av. 

Caramel Coloring 2 11. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit \V 2 pints. 

Water, q. s., or 4 pints. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Cologne Spirit, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium 
with the Water, add the Caramel and Catechu, and add the mixture to the 
solution, let stand several days, with occasional agitation, then filter. 

This Soluble Extract is much used by bottlers and for flavoring Soda 
Water Syrup. 

For Birch Beet charged in a fountain or bottled, mix 6 ounces with \ l / z 
gallon of Syrup, 2 ounces of Caramel, '. ounce Solution Citric Acid, 8 
gallons of Water, and charge to 30 pounds. 

For Birch Beer Syrup to be drawn from the fountain, mix 3 ounces with 
1 gallon of Syrup, and add '.. ounce Solution Citric Acid. Color with 
mel. 



420 ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



953. Ottawa Beer Extract. 

This was formerly a proprietary preparation, but now all the leading Soda 
Water manufacturers furnish it. A good Extract may be made as follows : 

Burdock Root, 1 pound av. 

Sarsaparilla 1 pound av. 

Sassafras, 8 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag (Calamus) 2 ounces. 

Dandelion Root 6 ounces av. 

Caramel Coloring 1 rl.ounce. 

Oil of Wintergreen 2 rl. drachms. 

Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol 4 1 2 pints. 

Water, q. s. to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix 4 pints of Alcohol with 4 
pints of Water, make an Extract by water-bath percolation, reserving the 
first 7 pints that pass, continue the percolation with water, evaporate the 
remaining percolate to 1 pint, and add. Dissolve the Oils in 8 flounces of 
Alcohol, and add ; rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with a portion of the 
Extract, add to the remainder, and, after standing, filter. 

For Ottawa Beer charged in a fountain, mix 6 ounces with 1 yi gallon 
Syrup, 1 ounce Solution Citric Acid, 2 ounces Caramel, and 8 gallons of 
W 7 ater, and charge to 30 pounds. 

For Ottawa Beer Syrup, mix 3 ounces with l / z ounce Solution Citric Acid 
and 1 gallon of Syrup, and color with Caramel. 



954. Peruvian Beer Extract. 

Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, .... 4 rl. ounces. 

( )il of Lemon 2 rl. drachms. 

Oil of Sassafras, 2 rl.drachms. 

Oil of Wintergreen 1% fl. drachm. 

Oil of Spruce, 1 rl.drachm. 

Oil of Nutmeg l /i rl.ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 

Caramel Coloring ]/ 2 rl.ounce. 

Alcohol 16 rl.ounces. 

Water, .... 16 rl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with 
the Water, add the Fluid Extract and Caramel, then add the mixture to the 
solution, and, after standing a few days, with occasional agitation, filter. 

Directions for charging, bottling and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
Birch Beer. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 427 



955. Root Beer Extract. 

American Sarsaparilla, 16 ounces aw 

Sassafras Bark 12 ounces av. 

Dandelion 12 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag (Calamus) 3 ounces av. 

Nutmeg 2 ounces av. 

Oil of Wintergreen 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Spruce 1 fl. drachm. 

Caramel Coloring 1 fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol \Yz pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder; mix 4 pints of the Alcohol with 4 
pints of Water ; make an Extract by water-bath percolation, reserving the 
first 7 pints which pass, and continue the percolation with Water until the 
drugs are exhausted ; evaporate this last percolate to 1 pint, and add to the 
reserved Extract. Dissolve the Oils in 8 ounces of Alcohol, and mix with 
the Extract. Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with a portion of the Extract, 
and add to the remainder ; then add the Caramel, and, after standing a few 
days, with occasional agitation, filter. 

Directions for charging, bottling, and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
Ottawa Beer. 

956. Spruce Beer Extract. 

Oil Hemlock, pure 4 fl. drachms. 

Oil Lemon 1 11. drachm. 

Oil Wintergreen y 2 fl. drachm. 

Oil Sassafras > 2 fl.drachm. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol, 20 fl. ounces. 

Water 12 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with the 
Water, and add to the solution ; let stand a few days, with occasional agita- 
tion, and filter. 

Directions for charging, bottling, and drawing as a Syrup the same as for 
Birch Beer, except that the color is omitted. 



Artificial Fruit Essences or Flavors. 

A variety of artificial Fruit Flavors or Essences arc made 
from various ethers, which, when Largely diluted, resemble the 
flavors of fruit t<> a greater or less degree. 



4*28 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



They are considerably used by bottlers and confectioners,. 
and were formerly much used for flavoring soda water syrups, 
but have now been superseded almost entirely by natural Fruit 
Juices, which are infinitely better for the purpose. 

The strongest preparations of this class are known in the 
market as Ethers or Fruit Oils, and generally consist of Amyl 
and Ethyl Oxides, either simple or combined ; but the prepa- 
rations that are generally furnished as Fruit Essences, Ex- 
tracts, or Flavors are diluted and mixed so as to more closely 
imitate the real flavor of fruit, some of them being very good 
imitations, while others are poor representatives of the natural 
fruit flavors. 

The following formula 1 represent all the flavors of this kind 
for which there is a demand, and make them about the same 
strength as are furnished by the leading manufacturers for this 
purpose. The)- may, however, be made stronger or weaker 
by using more or less Cologne Spirit or Alcohol in making 
them : 



957. Apple Essence or Extract. 

Valerianate of Amyl . . . 1 %. fl. ounce. 

Acetic Ether, 1 ti drachm. 

Aldehyd, 1 tidrachm. 

CEnanthic Ether 30 minims. 

Glycerin, 2 flounces. 

Cologne Spirit or Alcohol 12 ti ounces. 

Mix them. This may also be made by mixing 3 fl. ounces of Valerianate 
of Amyl (which is also called Apple Oil) with 3 fl. ounces of Glycerin and io- 
flounces of Alcohol. 



958. Apricot Essence or Extract. 

Butyrate of Amyl 1 fl. ounce. 

Valerianic Ether X/ 2 fl. ounce. 

CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 

Butyric Ether 2 fl.drachms. 

( )il of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 

Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 






ESSEXTLE — -ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 429 



959. Banana Essence or Extract. 

Acetate of Amyl, 1 1 / 2 flounce. 

Butyrate of Amyl, . yi flounce. 

Chloroform 10 minims. 

Aldehyde 30 minims. 

Glycerin 2 11. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 12 M. ounces. 

Mix them. A very good Essence of Banana may also be made by mixing 
3 fl. ounces of Acetate of Amyl with 13 fl. ounces of Alcohol. 



960. Blackberry Essence or Extract. 

Formic Ether 2 fl. drachms. 

Acetic Ether 6 fl. drachms. 

Butyrate of Amyl 1 fl. drachm. 

Acetate of Amyl 30 minims. 

Blackberry Juice 3 flounces. 

Glycerin, 2 flounces. 

Cologne Spirit 10 flounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



961. Black Cherry Essence or Extract. 

Benzoic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 

Acetate of Amyl 1 11. drachm. 

GEnanthic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Bitter Almond 30 minims. 

Black Cherry Juice 4 tl. ounces. 

Glycerin 2 II. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 9 flounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



962. Black Currant Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether 1 flounce. 

I ither 1 ll. drachm. 

Extract of Orris (934) 2 fl.drachms. 

Black Currant Juice 5 flounces. 

Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 

( rlycerin 2 flounces. 

■in- spirit 9 flounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



430 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



963. Blueberry Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 

Benzoic Ether 2 rl. drachms. 

CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 

Pelargonic Ether 30 minims. 

Blueberry Juice 5 flounces. 

Glycerin, 2 fl.ounces. 

Cologne Spirit, 9 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

This is also known as Huckleberry Extract. 

964. Cranberry Ether or Extract. 

Acetic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 

Formic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 

Benzoic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 

Wine Vinegar 2 fl.ounces. 

Cranberry Juice, .5 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 

Cologne Spirit, 8 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

965. Grape Essence or Extract. 

CEnanthic Ether 1 fl. ounce. 

Formic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 

Aldehyd, 1 fl.drachm. 

Grape Juice, any variety, 4 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin, 2 fl.ounces. 

Alcohol 9 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

The flavors of different varieties of Grapes may be imparted to this Essence 
by adding to it 2 fl. drachms of the Oil distilled from the required variety of 
grape, as Catawba, Sherry, Port, Claret, etc. These Oils are also produced 
artificially by combining various Ethers. 

966. Gooseberry Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether 1% fl.ounce. 

Benzoic Ether 2 fl. drachms. 

CEnanthic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 

Aldehyd '. . . 1 fl.drachm. 

Succinic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 

Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 



ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



431 



967. 



Melon Essence or Extract. 



Sebacic Ether, 
Valerianic Ether 
Butyric Ether, 
Aldehyd. . . 
Formic Ether. 
Glycerin, . . 
Cologne Spirit, 
Mix them. 



1 fl.ounce. 

3 fl.drachms. 

2 fl.drachms. 

1 fl. drachm. 
30 minims. 

2 fl. ounces. 
12 fl. ounces. 



968. 



Nectar Essence or Extract. 



Butyric Ether, . . . 
Oil of Wintergreen, 
Oil of Bitter Almonds, 
Extract of Vanilla (940J, 

Glycerin, 

Cologne Spirit, . . . 

Mix them, and filter. 



1 fl. ounce. 
60 minims. 
15 minims. 

3 fl. ounces. 

2 fl. ounces. 
10 fl. ounces. 



969. Nectarine Essence or Extract. 

Butyric Ether ]A fl. ounce. 

Acetic Ether ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

GEnanthic Ether >£ fl.ounce. 

Formic Ether ]/ 2 fl.ounce. 

Valerianic Ether )/% fl.ounce. 

Sebacic Ether 1 (1. drachm. 

Aldehyd 1 ll. drachm. 

( '.lycerin 2 ll. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 



970. Orgeat Essence or Extract. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds 2 fl.drachms. 

Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 

Butyric Ether 4 11. drachms. 

Orris Extract (934) 1 5 ll. ounces. 

Mix them. 



432 ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



971. Peach Essence or Extract. 

CEnanthic Ether 4 H.drachms. 

Acetic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 

Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 

Valerianic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds 20 minims. 

Peach Juice, 4 flounces. 

Glycerin 2 flounces. 

Cologne Spirit 9 A -ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



972. Pear Essence or Extract. 

Acetate of Amyl 1 flounce. 

Acetic Ether 4 fl.drachms. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Pear Juice 2 flounces. 

Cologne Spirit n fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. The Essence of Jargonelle Pear is made the same 
as this, only using 30 drops of Acetic Ether. 



973. Pineapple Essence or Extract. 

Butyrate of Amyl, 4 fl.drachms. 

Butyric Ether, 2 fl.ounces. 

Sebacic Ether, 4 fl.drachms. 

Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms. 

Acetate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 

Pineapple Juice, 2 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 2 fl.ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 12 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. A very fair Essence of Pineapple is made by mixing 
2 ounces of Butyric Ether with 12 ounces of Cologne Spirit and 2 ounces of 
Water. 



974. Plum Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether, )/* fl.ounce. 

Aldehyd Yz fl.ounce. 

Butyric Ether 2 fl.drachms. 

Formic Ether, 1 fl.drachm. 



ESSENTLE — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



433 



Oil of Bitter Almond, 30 minims. 

Plum Juice, 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 9 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 

975. Prune Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether, y z fl.ounce. 

Aldehyd, l / 2 fl.ounce. 

CEnanthic Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 

Butyric Ether, ■. 1 fl. drachm. 

Formic Ether, 1 fl. drachm. 

Prune Juice, 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almond 20 minims. 

Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



976. Quince Essence or Extract. 

Pelargonic Ether, 1 fl.ounce. 

Aldehyd 1 fl. drachm. 

Chloroform 1 fl. drachm. 

Quince Juice 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



977. Raspberry Essence or Extract. 

Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 

Acetic Ether 2 11. drachms. 

Benzoic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 

CEnanthic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 

Formic Ether 30 minims. 

Sebacic Ether 30 minims. 

Acetate )f Amyl 4 11. drachms. 

Extract of Orris 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Rose 2 minims. 

Raspberry Juice 3 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 2 11. ounces. 

ne spirit 9 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



434 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 



978. Red Cherry Essence or Extract. 

Butyrate of Amyl, 2 fl.drachms. 

Benzoic Ether, 4 rl. drachms. 

Acetate of Amyl 1 rl. drachm. 

QEnanthic Ether, 1 rl. drachm. 

Oil of Bitter Almonds 30 minims. 

Red Cherry Juice 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit, 10 fl. ounces. 

.Mix them, and filter. 

979. Red Currant Essence or Extract. 

Acetic Ether, 1 fl. ounce. 

OZnanthic Ether 1 fl. drachm. 

Orris Extract, 2 fl. drachms. 

Red Currant Juice . 5 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almond 20 minims. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Cologne Spirit, 9 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



980. 



Strawberry Essence or Extract. 



Acetic Ether, 
Butyric Ether, . 
Acetate of Amyl, 
Butyrate of Amyl, 
Formic Ether, . 
Extract of Orris, 
Strawberry Juice, 
Glycerin, . . . 
Cologne Spirit, . 

Mix them, and filter. 



1 fl.ounce. 

4 fl. drachms. 

2 fl. drachms. 

2 fl. drachms. 
1 fl.drachm. 

1 fl.ounce. 

3 fl. ounces. 

2 fl. ounces. 
9 fl. ounces. 



981. Wild Cherry Essence. 

Benzoic Ether 4 fl. drachms. 

CEnanthic Ether 1 fl.drachm. 

Acetate of Amyl, 1 fl.drachm. 

Oil of Cherry Laurel, 30 minims. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry 3 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 2 fl .ounces. 

Cologne Spirit 10 fl. ounces. 

Mix them, and filter. 



ESSENTIA — ESSENCES — FLAVORING EXTRACTS. 435 



982. Havana Cigar Flavoring. 

Tonka Beans, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 

Valerian, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Vanilla Beans, cut fine 1 ounce av. 

Beaver Castor, cut very fine 2 drachms. 

Benzoin, in fine powder 2 drachms. 

Balsam Peru 2 drachms. 

Oil of Cassia, 20 minims. 

Oil of Nutmeg 30 minims. 

Valerianic Ether 1 fl. ounce. 

Benzoic Ether, 1 fl.ounce. 

Acetate of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 

Cologne Spirit, 1 pint. 

Macerate the Tonka, Valerian, Vanilla, Castor and Benzoin in the Cologne 
Spirit in a warm place for seven days, then pour off the liquid, put the drugs 
in a percolator and percolate with the poured off liquid, adding through the 
percolator enough Cologne Spirit to make 14 fl. ounces, to this add the Oils, 
Ethers and Balsam, and mix thoroughly. 

983. Cachou Flavor. 

Oil of Peppermint 2 rl. ounces. 

Oil of YVintergreen 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Cassia 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Cloves i fl. drachm. 

Mix them. By the addition of 2 drachms Oil of Calamus or the same 
quantity of Oil of Cardamom the flavor is much improved, but they add to 
the expense. 

Aromatic I achous for the breath are made by mixing powdered Extract 
of Liquorice 7 parts, powdered Purified Catechu 2 parts, powdered Cum 
Arabic 1 parr. Cachou Flavoring 1 part, with Water sufficient to make a 
mass, and making into pills which may be coated with silver leaf. Trix, a 
proprietary article, are made in the same manner, but rolled out in sheets 
and cut in small squares. The flavoring may be varied by adding other aro- 
matic substances, as desired. 

984. Essence of Coltsfoot. 

Balsam Tolu 1 ounce av. 

pound Tincture of Benzoin 3 ounces. 

Alcohol 3 ounces. 

Mix the liquids, dissolve the Balsam in themixture by the aid of gentle 
heat, and filter. This is used for flavoring Coltsfoot Candy, and as a remedy 

for coughs. 



436 ESSEXTI.E — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 



Bitters Extracts. 

These Extracts are used for flavoring Liquors and for making 
Bitters to bottle. They are dispensed at bars from squirt 
bottles, by which a few drops may be added to a glass of 
liquor, and are used as directed for flavoring put-up Bitters, 
for which druggists have considerable demand : 

985. Angostura Bitters Extract. 

Angostura Bark, 16 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel 8 ounces av. 

Canada Snake Root, 8 ounces av. 

Calisaya Bark 8 ounces av. 

Virginia Snake Root 8 ounces av. 

Gentian Root, 4 ounces av. 

Galangal Root 4 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag (Calamus) 4 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed, 2 ounces av. 

Cinnamon, 1 ounce av. 

Cloves 1 ounce av. 

Coriander 1 ounce av. 

Mace, 1 ounce av. 

Alkenet Root 2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a moderately tine powder, and moisten them with 2 pints 
of Alcohol, pack in the water-bath percolator, and, having mixed the remain- 
der of the Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, pour enough of the mixture upon 
the drugs to cover them, and set in a warm place, let stand 2 days, then pour 
the remainder of the diluted Alcohol upon them, heat very moderately, and 
after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs, and continuing 
the percolation until the drugs are exhausted. Reserve the first 7 ' 2 pints that 
pass, evaporate the remainder of the percolate to a Y> pint, and add to the 
reserved portion to make 1 gallon. This is a very strong Extract. 

To make Angostura Bitters for bottling, take 2 ounces of this Extract, 
% gallon Pure Proof Spirit, % gallon Water, 1 ounce Glycerin. 

986. Aromatic Bitters Extract. 

Bitter Orange Peel 2 pounds av. 

Sweet Flag Root (Calamus), 8 ounces av. 

Hops 8 ounces av. 



ESSENTIA — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 437 



Cardamom Seed 2 ounces av. 

Cassia Bark 2 ounces av. 

Coriander Seed 1 ounce av. 

Cloves 1 ounce av. 

Mace 1 ounce av. 

Cochineal 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol 5 pints. 

Water, sufficient for 1 gallon. 

Grind the Orange and Hops to a coarse powder, and the other articles to a 
fine powder, mix them, moisten with 1 pint of Alcohol, pack, percolate, and 
proceed in the same manner as for making Angostura Bitters Extract. This 
is a pleasant Aromatic Extract. 

To make Aromatic Bitters to bottle, mix 4 fl. ounces of this Extract with 
6 pints Pure Proof Spirit and 2 pints of Water, and add 1 ounce Glycerin. 



987. Boker's Bitters Extract. 

Ouassia 8 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag Root, 8 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel 12 ounces av. 

Catechu 4 ounces av. 

Cardamom 3 ounces av. 

Alcohol 5 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make \ gallon. 



Make by water-bath percolation same as the preceding. 



988. Orange Bitters Extract. 

Fresh Orange Peel, chopped fine 2 pounds. 

I iitter Orange Peel, coarsely ground, 1 pound. 

Oil of Orange 1 fl.ounce. 

Cologne Spirit 6 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the Orange Peels, fresh and dry, and cover them with Cologne Spirit, 
4 pints ; let stand a f<-u days and pour off the liquid, pour on 2 pints fresh 
Cologne Spirit, macerate as before, and pour off, then pour 3 pints Water 
upon the drugs, macerate as before, pour off and express. Dissolve the Oil 
of < (range in the spiritous tincture, and add the last portion obtained by macer- 
ation and pressure to it. After standing a few days filter. 

To make Orange Bitten for bottling, add 8 il. ounces of this Extract to 6 
pints I 'ure Proof Spirit, 2 pints of Water, and 1 ounce Glycerin. 



438 ESSENTIA — BITTERS EXTRACTS. 



989. Peruvian Bitters Extract. 

Peruvian or Calisaya Bark, in coarse powder, . . . \ l / 2 pound av. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder i pound av. 

Galangal Root, in fine powder, [ ounce av. 

Cinnamon Bark 2 ounces av. 

Nutmeg, 1 ounce av. 

Cloves 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol 6 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Make by water-bath percolation the same as Angostura Bitters. 

To make Peruvian Bitters or Cinchona Bitters for bottling, mix 8 fl. ounces 
of this Extract with 6 pints of Pure Proof Spirit and 2 pints of Water, and add 
1 ounce of Glycerin. 



990. Stomach Bitters Extract. 

Wahoo Bark, 2 pounds av. 

Bitter Orange Peel 1 pound av. 

Hops 8 ounces av. 

Juniper Berries, 4 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed 4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon, 3 ounces av. 

Cloves 1 ounce av. 

Nutmeg, 1 ounce av. ■ 

Alcohol 6 pints. 

Water 2 pints. 

Grind the Wahoo, Orange and Hops to a coarse powder and the other 
drugs to a fine powder, mix them and make by water-bath percolation as 
directed for making Angostura Bitters. 

To make Stomach Bitters for bottling, mix 4 ounces of this Extract with 
6 pints of Pure Proof Spirit, and 2 pints of Water, and add 1 ounce of Gly- 
cerin. 



991. Stoughton Bitters Extract. 

Gentian, in coarse powder 1 pound av. 

Virginia Snake Root, in coarse powder, ..... 8 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, 1 pound av. 

Sweet Flag (Calamus), in coarse powder, .... 8 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces av. 



ESSENTIA — CORDIAL FLAVORS. 439 

Cloves, in fine powder, i ounce av. 

Coriander Seed, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 

Red Saunders, in fine powder, 4 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Make by water-bath percolation as directed for Angostura Bitters. This 
is a strong extract and is to be diluted for use. 



992. Wild Cherry Bitters Extract. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, 15 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Cherry Laurel, 60 minims. 

Cologne Spirit 1 fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the Oil in the Cologne Spirit, and mix with the Extract. A Wild 
Cherry Bitters may be made by mixing 6 ounces of this extract with 6 pints 
of Pure Proof Spirit, 2 pints of Water, and 1 ounce of Glycerin. 



Cordial Essences or Flavors. 

The following- are familiar Cordials which arc used for flav- 
oring Liquors, etc., similar to the foregoing Bitters. 
Other Cordials will be found under other headings. 



993. Absinthe Essence. 

Absinthe is usually made by distillation from the drugs, but a good 
article may be made from this essence : 

Oil of Wormwood 4 flounces. 

1 )il of Anise 2 ll. ounces. 

Oil of Fennel 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Coriander 1 fl.drachm. 

Cologne Spirit 8 flounces. 

Mix them. 

994. Absinthe.- To make Absinthe mix 2 fl.ounces of Absinthe Essence 
with 5 gallons of ( Cologne Spirit, and add 5 gallons of water in which 5 pounds 

of white sugar has formerly been dissolved, then color by adding 2 (unices 
Quid Extracl of Wormwood and sufficient grass-green coloring to give the 
I tint, or by macerating 1 pound of fresh Wormwood tops in the liquid. 
Filter if necessary. 



440 



ESSENTIA — CORDIAL FLAVORS. 



995. Anisette Essence. 

Many formulas, all differing somewhat in flavor, are employed for making 
Anisette. The following combination will be found as agreeable as any: 

Oil of Aniseed 8 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Coriander 1 fl.drachm. 

Oil of Cinnamon 1 fl.drachm. 

Oil of Nutmeg 30 minims. 

Oil of Neroli 30 minims. 

Cologne Spirit, 8 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

996. Anisette or Anisette Cordial. — To make Anisette mix 2 fl.ounces 
of this essence with 4 gallons Cologne Spirit and add to the mixture 5 gallons 
of water and 1 5 pounds of white sugar. Let stand and filter through a little 
Carbonate of Magnesium, if necessary. 

997. Kiimmel Essence. 

Oil of Caraway Seed 8 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Aniseed, 2 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Calamus 20 minims. 

Oil of Coriander 20 minims. 

Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims. 

Cologne Spirit 8 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

998. Kiimmel. — To make Kiimmel mix 2 fl.ounces of Kiimmel Essence 
with 4 gallons of Cologne Spirit and add 5 gallons of water in which 1 5 pounds 
of white sugar has previously been dissolved. Let stand and filter through 
a little Carbonate of Magnesium. 

A good Kiimmel may also be made by dissolving 1 fl.drachm Oil of Car- 
away Seed in 3 pints Cologne Spirit, adding 4 pints of water, \ x /z pounds of 
sugar, and filtering through Carb. Magnesium. 

Cura^oa Cordial is noticed on page 262. Some other cordials will be 
mentioned under other headings, but do not properly belong with the fore- 
going. 



ETHYL. 



The radical Ethyl is the most important of the series of 
hydrocarbons, known as the Alcohol radicals. 

Its combinations with various acids form a variety of Oxides, 
which are known as " Ethers," and its combination with the 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 441 

elements of water forms the Hydrate of Ethyl, which is 
familiarly known as "Alcohol." See Ethers, page 78, and 
Alcohol, page 86. As most of the Ethyl Compounds have 
been noticed under these headings, further description here 
will be unnecessary. 

Ethylamine — NH 3 (C 2 H 5 ).— A base of the Ethyl series, 
obtained by substituting an atom of hydrogen in ammonia 
by the Ethyl radical. 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 

The class of Galenicals known as Extracts or Solid Extracts 
are preparations usually in the form of mass or powder, and 
intended to represent in a concentrated form the soluble por- 
tions of vegetable drugs. In pharmacy they are used for 
making pills, plasters, ointments, suppositories, and many 
other forms of medicine where a concentrated preparation is 
desirable. Various methods are employed for obtaining the 
soluble properties of the drugs, as may best be suited to their 
nature, and their solutions are then concentrated by evapora- 
tion in various ways to the required consistence. 

In large manufacturing establishments the evaporation is 
usually conducted in vacuo, at a low temperature, as the vola- 
tile properties are best preserved in this manner; but as this 
process is not expedient to the ordinary pharmacist, the for- 
mulas here given are designed for such conveniences as may 
readily be employed by them. 

I'Mi- making small quantities of Solid Extracts the fluid 
extract of the drug may be evaporated by a water-bath to a 
pilular consistence. 

For prescription work, Powdered Extracts are much used 
and are more convenient than extracts in mass. Many ex- 
tractS cannol well be reduced to a powder without admixture 
with other substances, but they are furnished by manufacturers 
who claim to give a true representative of the extract in the 
form of powder. 



442 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 

The following formulae are for Extracts Official in the U. S., 
Br. and German Pharmacopoeias. They represent, however, 
but a small part of the number of extracts that may be made, 
for it is evident that extracts may be prepared from all vegeta- 
ble drugs; but from the formulae given the intelligent druggist 
will have no trouble to prepare any extract that may be desired 
by using the same menstruum for exhausting the drug which 
is directed for making a Fluid Extract of the same and evap- 
oration in the manner directed for making other Extracts of 
the same nature. 



iooi. General Formula for Making Extracts. 

The general directions which apply to making all kinds of 
Extracts, may be briefly stated as follows : 

The Substance, any convenient quantity. 
The Menstruum, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the drug with the Menstruum, allow to macerate 
from 12 to 24 hours, pack in the water-bath percolator, pour 
Menstruum upon it and set in a warm place for one or two 
days, then heat moderately, adding the Menstruum or Water 
to the drug, and percolate until the drug is exhausted. 
Evaporate the percolate by distillation if it contains alcohol, 
or by gentle heat if aqueous, to a pilular consistence, adding 5 
per cent, of Glycerin to such extracts as become hard and dry 
after standing, unless wanted in powdered form. 

1002. Extracts from Expressed Juices. 

I nsp is sated Ju ices. 

The Extracts made by evaporating the expressed juices of 
fresh plants have always been considered superior to those 
made from the dried plants, and the popularity of the English 
Extracts made by reliable houses in this manner is well known. 
The following is the general process of the Br. P. for making 
extracts in this manner : 

The fresh leaves, tops or plants, any convenient quantity. 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 443 

Bruise in a stone mortar and press out the juice, heat it 
gradually to 130 F. (54°4 C), and separate the green coloring 
matter by straining through a calico filter. Heat the strained 
liquid to 200 F. (93°3 C.) to coagulate the albumen, and again 
filter through calico. Evaporate the filtered liquid by a water- 
bath at a low temperature to the consistence of a thin syrup, 
then add to it the green coloring matter previously obtained, 
and pass through a hair sieve; then stir together and continue 
the evaporation at a temperature not exceeding 140 F. (6o° C.) 
until an extract of pilular consistence is obtained. 

1003. Extractum Absinthium — Extract of Wormwood. — Exhaust 
Wormwood with Alcohol 2 parts mixed with water 3 parts, by means of the 
water-bath percolator. Distill off the Alcohol and evaporate the remainder 
to a thick extract. This is official in the G. P. The dose is %. to 2 grains. 

1004. Extractum Aconiti — Extract of Aconite Root. — Exhaust Aconite 
Root with Alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator, distill off the Al- 
cohol until a thick extract remains, to which add 5 per cent of its weight of 
Glycerin and mix thoroughly. Official in the U. S. and G. P. Dose ^\ to 
X grain. 

1005. Extract of Aconite Leaves.— This is official in the Br. P., and is 
made by bruising the fresh leaves and flowering tops of Aconite, expressing 
the juice, heating, evaporating, etc., as directed (1002). The dose is % to 
1 grain. 

It was formerly official in the U. S. P. and was made by exhausting the 
dried Aconite Leaves with diluted Alcohol, distilling off the Alcohol and evap- 
orating the residue to a solid extract. 

1006. Extractum Aloes — Extract of Aloes. — Dissolve Aloes 1 part in 
Water 10 parts, and strain. Set aside for 12 hours, then pour off 

the clear liquid from the residue and evaporate by a current of warm air or 
by the heat of a water-bath to dryness. The dose is from 2 to 6 grains. 

The V . S. P. calls this Aqueous Extract of Aloes ; the Br. directs an Ex- 
fcract both of Parbadoes and Socotrine Aloes. 

1007. Extractum Arnicas Radicis — Extract of . Xrnica Root. — Exhaust 
Arnica Root with Diluted Alcohol, distill off the Alcohol and evaporate the 
remainder to a thick extract, add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin, and 
mix thoroughly. 

An Extract of Arnica Flowers is made in the same manner. Extract of 
Arnica is used in making plasters. 

1008. Extractum Belladonnae Alcoholicum — . //, 0/10/ic Extract of 
Belladonna. The r. S. P. directs this to be made from Belladonna I 
while the Br. P. directs the Root to be used ; the following formula will do for 
cither: Exhaust the Leaves or Root of Belladonna with Alcohol by means of 



444 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 

the water-bath percolator, distill off the Alcohol until only a soft extract 
remains, then evaporate to a pilular consistence, add 5 per cent, of its weight 
of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. Dose ^ to X grain. 

Under the name Extractum Belladonna the Br. P. and G. P. direct Ex- 
tract of Belladonna to be made from the fresh leaves, by bruising, expres- 
sing the juice, evaporating, etc., as directed (1002). The same process was 
official in the 1870 U. S. P. The dose is from X to l grain. 

1009. Extractum Calumbae — Extract of Calumba. — Exhaust Calumba 
Root with diluted Alcohol, by maceration and pressure with separate por- 
tions of the menstruum, mix the liquors, distill off the Alcohol, and evaporate 
the residue to an extract of pilular consistence. The dose is 2 to 10 grains,. 
Br. P. 

1010. Extractum Cannabis Indicae — Extract of Indian Cannabis. — 
Exhaust Indian Hemp with Alcohol by water-bath percolation, distill the 
Alcohol from the percolate until an extract of pilular consistence remains. 
The dose is X to J grain. 

1011. Extractum Cascarae Sagradae — Extract of Cascar a Sagrada. — 
This is a new extract of the Br. P., and is made by exhausting the drug first 
with two parts of diluted Alcohol, then with Water by means of water-bath 
percolation. The Alcohol is then distilled from the first portion of the per- 
colate, and the residue, with the remaining percolate, is evaporated to an 
extract of pilular consistence. Dose from 2 to 8 grains. 

1012. Extractum Cinchona? — Extract of Cinchona, Extract of Bar/:. — 
Exhaust Yellow Cinchona by means of the water-bath percolator, first with 
2 parts of an alcoholic or partly alcoholic menstruum, then by continuing the 
percolation with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the per- 
colate and evaporate the residue together with the remainder of the percolate 
to an extract of pilular consistence, add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin 
and mix thoroughly. The dose is 1 to 5 grains. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs an Aqueous Extract of Cinchona to 
be made by exhausting the drug with separate portions of water, by macera- 
tion and expression, evaporation, etc.; also an Alcoholic Extract of Cinchona 
made with diluted Alcohol in the same manner. 

1013. Extractum Cardui Benedicti — Extract of Blessed Thistle. — 
Blessed Thistle is exhausted with boiling water, and the liquid strained and 
evaporated to pilular consistence. The dose is from 3 to 30 grains. G. P. 

1014. Extractum Cascarillae - Extract of Cascarilla. — Exhaust Casca- 
rilla in No. 40 powder with boiling water, strain the liquid and evaporate to 
pilular consistence. The dose is 2 to 20 grains. G. P. 

1015. Extractum Calami — Extract of Calamus. — Exhaust Calamus 
Root in No. 30 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first with 
diluted Alcohol, then with Water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion 
of the percolate and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the perco- 
late to pilular consistence. This is official in the G. P. 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 445 

1016. Extractum Colchici Radicis — Extract of Colchicwn. — The U. 
S. P. directs dried Colchicum Root to be used. The Extract may be made 
by exhausting the root with 35 per cent, of its weight of Acetic Acid and 
sufficient Water, with repeated maceration and pressure. The mixed liquids 
are then strained and evaporated at a low temperature to an extract of pilular 
consistence. 

The Br. P. makes an Acetic Extract of Colchicum from the fresh Corms 
deprived of their coats and crushed, using about 20 per cent, of their weight 
of Acetic Acid, macerating, pressing and evaporating to pilular consistence. 
The dose is y 2 to 2 grains. 

The Br. P. also directs an Extract of Colchicum to be made from the 
juice of the fresh Colchicum Corms by straining and evaporating at a low 
temperature. 

1017. Extractum Colocynthidis — Extract of Colocynth. — Exhaust the 
pulp of Colocynth, deprived of seeds, with diluted Alcohol by maceration 
with separate portions of the Menstruum and expression. Distill off the 
Alcohol and evaporate the remainder by means of a water-bath to dryness. 
The dose is )i to % grain. 

1018. Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum — Compound Extract of 
Colocyntii — 

Extract of Colocynth 8 ounces. 

Aloes 25 ounces. 

Cardamom in No. 60 powder, 3 ounces. 

Resin of Scammony, in fine powder 7 ounces. 

Soap, dried and in coarse powder 7 ounces. 

Alcohol 5 ounces. 

Melt the Aloes on a water-bath, then add the Alcohol, and having stirred 
the mixture thoroughly, strain it through a fine sieve, which has just been 
dipped into boiling water. To the strained mixture add the Soap, Extract 
and Resin, and heat the mixture not to exceed 248°F., until it is perfectly 
homogeneous, and a thread taken from the mass becomes brittle when cool. 
Then remove from the heat, add the Cardamom, mix thoroughly, and cover. 
This is much used in making Cathartic Pills. The dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 

1019. Extractum Conii Alcoholicum — . Ucoholic Extract of Conium, 
— The U. S. formula is : 

Conium (fruit) in No. 40 powder 16 ounces av. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid yi ounce av. 

rin ami Diluted Alcohol each a sufficient quantity. 
Exhaust the drug with Diluted Alcohol, distill off the Alcohol, add the 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid to the remainder, and evaporate by heat of water- 
bath not exceeding [22 I'. to a pilular consistence, to this add 5 per cent, of 
its weight of Glycerin, and mix thoroughly. 

The Br. P. directs it to be made from the Juice expressed from the bruised 
young branches and fresh leaves of I lemlock, as direi ted 1 1002). The dose is 
from 2 to 6 grains. 



446 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 



1020. Extractum Digitalis — Extract of Digitalis. — Exhaust the Digi- 
talis by means of a water-bath percolator, first with 4 parts of a menstruum, 
consisting of % Alcohol, ami continue the percolation with Water. Distill 
the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate, and evaporate the remain- 
der with the aqueous percolate to the consistence of an Extract. To this 
add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin, and mix thoroughly. The dose is 
from % to 3 grains. 

1021. Extractum Ergotae — Extract of Ergot. — The U. S. P. directs 
this to be made by evaporating Fluid Extract of Ergot to the consistence of 
a semi-solid extract by means of a water-bath at a temperature not exceed- 
ing I22°F. 

Ergotin is purified Extract of Ergot, made by evaporating 4 fl. ounces of 
Fluid Extract of Ergot by a water-bath to a syrupy consistence, and when 
cold mixing with 4 fl. ounces of Alcohol. After standing half an hour the 
alcoholic solution is filtered, and the filtered liquid evaporated to the consist- 
ence of a soft extract. This is usually called Bonjean's Ergotin. The dose 
is 2 to 5 grains. In solution it is used for hypodermic injections. 

1022. Extractum Euonymi — Extract of Enonymus ( Wahod). — Exhaust 
Wahoo Bark with diluted Alcohol. Distill off the Alcohol, evaporate the 
remainder to the consistence of a solid extract, add 5 per cent, of its weight 
of Glycerin, and mix them thoroughly. 

1023. Extractum Ferri Pomatum — Ferrated Extract of Apples — 
(Aepfclsai/rcs Eisc/icxtracf). — This is official in the G. P., and is made from 
Sour Apples, 50 parts converted to a pulp and expressed. To the expressed 
juice is added powdered Iron 1 part. The mixture is then heated on a water- 
bath as long as gas is evolved. The liquid is then diluted with 50 parts of 
Water and set aside. After several days it is filtered, and the filtrate evap- 
orated to a thick extract. This is much prescribed among the Germans. 

1024. Extractum Gelsemium Alcoholicum — Alcoholic Extract of ' Gel- 
semium. — Gelsemium in fine powder is exhausted first with Alcohol 4 parts, 
and the percolation then continued with Water. The Alcohol is distilled from 
the first percolate until it is reduced to a soft extract, the aqueous percolate 
is then evaporated and mixed with the soft extract, and the whole is reduced 
to a pilular consistence. The dose is yi to 2 grains. 

1025. Extractum Gentians — Extract of Gentian. — Gentian Root in 
very coarse powder is macerated in successive portions of boiling water, 
expressed, and the mixed liquids evaporated to a pilular consistence. The 
dose is from 2 to 10 grains. 

1026. Extractum Glycyrrhizae Pura — Ptire Extract of Liquorice. Ex- 
haust Liquorice Root in coarse powder first with water in which 12 per cent, 
of the weight of the root of Water of Ammonia has been added, then with 
water until no more strength is perceptible. Heat the liquids obtained to 
boiling, then strain and evaporate by a water-bath to a solid extract. 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 447 

Crude or common Extract of Liquorice is made by exhausting Liquorice 
with water and evaporating to an extract. 

1027. Extractum Haematoxyli — Extract of Logwood. — Exhaust Log- 
wood with hot water, boil, strain, and evaporate the liquid to a solid extract. 
Dose 10 to 30 grains. 

1028. Extractum Hyoscyami Alcoholicum — Alcoholic Extract of Hy- 

oscyamus. The U. S. P. directs recently dried Hyoscyamus leaves, which 
may be exhausted by means of the water-bath percolator by percolating first 
with 4 parts of a menstruum of two-thirds Alcohol and then with Water. 
The Alcohol is distilled from the first portion of the percolate and the residue 
together with the aqueous percolate evaporated by water-bath to pilular con- 
sistence. The dose is 5 to 10 grains. 

The Br. P. directs the juice of the fresh leaves to be obtained by bruising 
them and pressure, and evaporated, strained, etc., in the same manner as is 
directed (1002). 

1029. Extractum Helenii — Extract of Inula {Elecampane). — Exhaust 
Inula in No. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first 
with Diluted Alcohol, then with water, distill the Alcohol from the first por- 
tion of the percolate and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the 
percolate by water-bath, to pilular consistence. The dose is from 2 to 15 
grains. This is official in the G. P. 

1030. Extractum Iridis — Extract of Iris {Blue Flag). — Exhaust the 
drug by water-bath percolation, first with Alcohol 4 parts, and then by per- 
colating with Diluted Alcohol. Distill off most of the Alcohol and evaporate 
the residue by means of a water-bath to pilular consistence. The dose is %. 
to 1 grain. U". S. 

1031. Extractum Jaborandi — Extract of Jaborandi. — Percolate the 
drug in the water-bath percolator first with Alcohol 4 parts and then with 

until exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from the first percolate until 
only a soft extract remains, evaporate the aqueous percolate and, having 
mixed the extracts thus obtained, reduce them to pilular consistence. The 
dose is 2 to to grains. This extract is official in the Br. P. 

1032. Extractum Jalapa— Extract of Jalap. — Exhaust Jalap by means 
of water- bait 1 percolation first with 4 times its weight of Alcohol and then 
with Water, distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate until 
only a soft extracl remains, then evaporate the aqueous percolate, and having 

the two extracts thus obtained reduce them to pilular consistence. 
'I he dose is from 5 to 15 -rains. This extract is official in the Br. I'. 

1033. Extractum Juglandis — Extrac t of Juglans {Butternut Bark). — 
Exhaust the Bark of Butternul Root with Alcohol by means of water-bath 

ion, Distill off the Alcohol until the residue is reduced to a pilular 
consistence; to this add 5 per cent, of its weight of Glycerin and mix thor- 
oughly. The dose is 2 to 10 grains. 



448 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 

1034. Extractum Krameriae — Extract of Rhatany. — Exhaust the Rha- 
tany Root by percolating in the water-bath percolater with hot water. Heat 
the percolate to boiling, strain and evaporate by a water-bath at a tempera- 
ture not exceeding 158 F. to dryness. The dose is from 5 to 20 grains. 

1035. Extractum Lactucae — Extract of Lettuce. — The Br. P. directs 
this to be made from the fresh flowering herb of Lettuce, by bruising, ex- 
pressing the juice and evaporating, treating in the same manner as is directed 
( 1002). The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. 

1036. Extractum Leptandrae — {Extract of Leptandra Cu/vcrs Root). — 
Exhaust Leptandra by percolating in the water-bath percolator, first with a 
menstruum of two thirds Alcohol and then with water. Distill the Alcohol 
from the first portion of the percolate and evaporate the residue together 
with the aqueous percolate, by means of a water-bath to a pilular consistence, 
to this add 5 per cent, of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The dose is 2 to 10 
grains. 

1037. Extractum Lupuli — Extract of Hop. — The hops are first perco- 
lated in the water-bath percolator with Alcohol, 4 parts, and then with water 
until exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of the percolate 
and evaporate the aqueous percolate to a soft extract, mix the two extracts, 
and evaporate to a pilular consistence. The dose is 5 to 1 5 grains. This is 
official in the Br. P. 

1038. Extractum Malti — Extract of Malt. — Exhaust coarsely ground 
Malt in a water-bath percolator with water heated to about 6o°C. (i40°F.) and 
as the percolate is received evaporate it by the heat of a water-bath not exceed- 
ing 6o°C. (i40°F.) until it is reduced to the consistence of a thick syrup. It is 
necessary in making this preparation to begin the evaporation at once as the 
percolate is received, and to continue it at a temperature as uniform as pos- 
sible until it is evaporated to the proper consistence, for upon this depends 
the preservation of the Diastase which is its important constituent. Extract 
of Malt is combined with many other preparations, which may be added to 
it in concentrated form. These combinations will be noticed under the head- 
ing Maltum, which see. 

1039. Extractum Mezerei — Extract of Mezereum. — The U. S. P. 
directs an Alcoholic Extract, which may be prepared by exhausting Mezereum 
Bark in No. 30 powder, with Alcohol, by means of the water-bath perco- 
lator, and then distilling the Alcohol from the percolate until only a soft extract 
remains, and evaporating this by a water-bath to pilular consistence. 

The Br. P. directs an Ethereal Extract of Mezereon to be prepared in a 
similar manner as the above, but after being thus prepared, to dissolve the 
Extract in Ether and macerate with occasional agitation for 24 hours, then to 
decant the etherial solution, recover part of the Ether by distillation, and 
evaporate the remaining liquid to a soft extract. 

1040. Extractum Nucis Vomicae — Extract of Nux Vomica. — Exhaust 
rasped or powdered Nux Vomica by percolating in the water-bath percolator 



EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 449 

with a menstruum composed of 8 parts of Alcohol to i part of water. Distill 
off the Alcohol and evaporate the residue, by a water-bath, to a pilular con- 
sistence. 

The Br. P. directs an assayed Extract of Nux Vomica to be made which 
shall contain 15 per cent, of the total alkaloid. The dose is from % to 2 
grains. 

The G. P. directs the Nux Vomica to be exhausted by digesting with 
diluted Alcohol, and the liquors to be evaporated to a dry extract. 

1041. Extractum Opii — Extract of Opium. — Exhaust Opium by first 
macerating with boiling Water, until it is reduced to a pulp, then percolating 
with hot water in the water-bath percolator. Evaporate the percolate, strain 
and continue the evaporation until reduced to an extract, to which add 5 per 
cent, of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The extract should contain about 20 
per cent, of Morphine. The dose is l /i to 2 grains. 

1042. Extractum Papaveris — Extract of Poppy. — Exhaust Poppy Cap- 
sules, freed from their seeds and in No. 20 powder, with successive portions 
of boiling water. Evaporate the liquors by a water-bath to a pint for each 
pound of the capsules used, to this add 2 fl. ounces of Alcohol, allow to stand 
24 hours, then filter and evaporate the filtered liquid to pilular consistence. 
The dose is 2 to 5 grains. Br. P. 

1043. Extractum Pareirae — Extract of Pareira. — Exhaust Pareira 
Root in Xo. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator with boil- 
ing Water, and evaporate the percolate by a water-bath to pilular consistence. 
The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. Br. P. 

1044. Extractum Physostigmatis — Extract of Pkysostigma (Calabar 
Bean).— Exhaust Calabar Bean in No. 40 powder with Alcohol, by means 
of the water-bath percolator, and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 
the consistence of a pilular extract. The dose is ,',; to J grain. 

1045. Extractum Podophylli — Extract of Podophyllum [Mandrake). 
— Exhaust Mandrake Root in No. 60 powder by percolating in a water-bath 
percolator first with a menstruum of 75 per cent. Alcohol, then with Water. 
Distill off the Alcohol from the first percolate and evaporate the residue with 
the remaining percolate to pilular consistence. The dose is ^ to 2 grains. 

1046. Extractum Quassiae Extract of Quassia. — Exhaust Ouassia 
by means of a water-bath percolator with boiling Water, and evaporate the 
percolate by a water-bath to pilular consistence, to this add 5 per cent, of 
its weight of Glycerin and mix thoroughly. The dose is from 2 to 5 grains. 

1047. Extractum Rhamni Frangulae — Exit -act of Frangula or Buck- 
tkorn Bark. — Exhaust Buckthorn Hark in No. 40 powder by percolating in 
a water-bath percolator, first with Diluted Alcohol and then with Water. 
Distill the Alcohol from the first portion <>i the percolate and evaporate the 
residue together with the remaining percolate to pilular consistence. Dose, 
10 to 60 grains. 



450 EXTRACTA — EXTRACTS. 



1048. Extractum Rhei — Extract of Rhubarb. — Exhaust Rhubarb in 
No. 30 powder by percolating in a water-bath percolator first with Diluted 
Alcohol and then with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first portion of 
the percolate and evaporate the residue together with the remainder of the 
percolate by a water-bath, at a temperature not exceeding 70° C. (1 58 F.) 
to pilular consistence. The dose is from 5 to 15 grains. This may also be 
prepared by macerating with successive portions of Water and pressure, 
then evaporating the liquids as above. 

1049. Extractum Rhei Compositum — Compo unci Extract of Rhubarb. 
— This is made according to the G. P. from — 

Extract of Rhubarb, 30 parts. 

Extract of Aloes 10 parts. 

Resin of Jalap, 5 parts. 

Medicinal Soap 20 parts. 

Rub them together, and, having moistened the mixture with Diluted Alco- 
hol, evaporate to a dry extract by means of a steam-bath. 

1050. Extractum Sabinae — Extract of Savine. — Exhaust Savine with 
Diluted Alcohol by means of the water-bath percolator. Distill off the Alco- 
hol and evaporate the percolate, by a water-bath, to a thick extract. The dose 
is 2 to 15 grains. G. P. 

1051. Extractum Scillae — Extract of Squill. — Macerate Squill with 
separate portions of Diluted Alcohol and express. Mix the liquids, distill off 
the Alcohol, and evaporate the residue to a thick extract. The dose is )/ 2 to 
2 grains. G. P. 

1052. Extractum Stramonii — Extract of Stramonium. — Exhaust Stra- 
monium Seed in No. 40 powder with diluted alcohol by percolating in the 
water-bath percolator. Distill the Alcohol from the percolate and evaporate 
the residue at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. ( 1 22°F.) by means of a water- 
bath to a pilular consistence. The dose is % to % grain. 

1053. Extractum Taraxaci — Extract of Dandelion. — Fresh Dandelion 
Root, gathered in September, is cut fine, crushed in a mortar until reduced to 
a pulp, a little water added, and the juice expressed and allowed to deposit. 
It is then strained and heated to boiling, strained again and evaporated to 
pilular consistence. The dose is from 5 to 30 grains. 

1054. Extractum Trifolii Fibrini — Extract of Buckbean. — Exhaust 
Buckbean with boiling water, strain and evaporate the liquid to a thick 
extract. This is official in the G. P. 

1055. Extractum Tritici — Extract of Couch Grass. — Exhaust Triticum 
with boiling water, strain and evaporate the liquid to a thick extract. This 
is official in the G. P. under the name Extraction Graminis. 

1056. Extractum Valerianae — Extract of Valerian. — Exhaust Vale- 
rian Root in No. 40 powder by percolating in the water-bath percolator with 



EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED EXTRACTS. 451 



75 per cent. Alcohol, then with water. Distill the Alcohol from the first por- 
tion of the percolate, and evaporate the residue with the remainder of the 
percolate, by water-bath, at a temperature not exceeding 5o°C. (i22°F.) to a 
pilular consistence. Dose 2 to 20 grains. Although this extract is not official, 
it is more frequently used than many of those which are. 



1057. Other Extracts. 

The foregoing Extracts, official in the U. S., Br. and German Pharmaco- 
poeias are all that are usually required. But a great number are quoted by 
manufacturing houses, and may be made by druggists in the same general 
manner as is directed for the Official Extracts, by using for exhausting the 
drug the same menstruum as is directed for making a fluid extract of the 
drug. 



EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED 
EXTRACTS. 

In American Pharmacy only two or three Distilled Extracts 
are known, and none are official ; but from the favor with which 
Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel has been received, it is evi- 
dent that many such Distilled Extracts might with advantage 
be made. In French Pharmacy under the name Alcoolats quite 
a large number of preparations made by distilling aromatic 
substances with a spiritous medium are known, and several of 
them are official. 

All drugs whose valuable medicinal properties are volatilized 
by the heat of boiling alcohol or water, and do not consist of 
essential oils which rise to the surface when cool, may be rep- 
resented in the form of Distilled Extracts. 

For making these Extracts the steam still, by which steam 
ma)- be forced tli rough the substances, is the best ; but for 
pharmaceutical use they may be distilled with the low shape 
still described on page 26 in the same manner as is directed on 
•; for distilling medicated waters from leaves, etc. A 
Wire-cloth basket should be suspended in the boiler in which 
the drugs should be placed to preserve the drug from too 
close contact with the heat. 



4.V2 EXTRACTA DESTILLATA — DISTILLED EXTRACTS. 

A few formulas only are given as samples from which the 
druggist ma}- make any desired extract : 

1058. Extractum Hamamelidis Destillatum. 

Distilled Extract Witch Hazel. 

Witch Hazel Leaves, fresh 2 pounds aw 

Water 1 gallon. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Bruise the leaves in a mortar, pour the Alcohol upon them; put them in 
the still without the water-bath, add the Water and distill 2 pints. This 
may also be made by distilling with Water alone and then adding to the dis- 
tillate 25 per cent, of Alcohol. 

Distilled Extract of Horseradish, Scurvy Grass, Mustard, Nasturtium, 
Smartweed, and all other substances possessing like volatile principles, may 
be made in a similar manner. 

1059. Extractum Buchu Destillatum. 

Distilled Extract Buchu. 

Buchu Leaves 1 pound av. 

Water 1 gallon. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Moisten the Buchu leaves with the Alcohol and put them in the still with- 
out the water-bath, add the water and distill 2 pints. A great variety of 
similar aromatic dry substances may be treated in the same manner. 

1060. Extractum Pruni Virginianse Distillatum. 

Distilled Extract Wild C Vierry. 

Wild Cherry Bark, of root, fresh 2 pounds av. 

Water 1 gallon. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Bruise the bark, pour the Alcohol upon it and put in the still without the 
water-bath, pour the water upon it and distill 2 pints. This may also be 
made from the dry bark 1 pound, Alcohol 8 ounces, Water 1 gallon, and 
distill 2 pints, in the same manner as Extract Buchu. 

Other extracts of similar substances, whose virtues consist of volatile prin- 
ciples, may be made in the same manner. 

Alcoolats or Alcoholates. 

These are extracts made in a similar manner, but with a 
much larger proportion of Alcohol. Many substances con- 



EXTRACTA DESTILLATA. EXTRACTA FLUIDA. 453 

taining essential oils are distilled with alcohol and represented 
in this manner. When made from the Oils they would be 
classed as spirits. The following formulae are examples. In 
French Pharmacy they are variously called Esprit or Eau 
without reference to their Alcoholic strength or composition : 

1061. Alcoolat d'Absinthe. — Fresh leaves and tops of Wormwood 1,000 
parts, Alcohol 80 per cent., 4,000 parts, distilled Wormwood water 1,000 
parts. Let them macerate for 4 days, then distill by a salt water-bath, 2,500 
parts. Alcoolats of Sweet Basil, Hysop, Lavender, Marjorum, Balm, Pep- 
permint, Spearmint, Sage, Thyme and other similar fresh substances are 
prepared in the same manner. 

1062. Alcoolat d'Anis. — Aniseed 1 part, Alcohol 56 per cent., 5 parts, 
Let them macerate for two days then distill until all the Alcohol used is re- 
covered. Alcoolats of Caraway, Coriander, Fennel, Spice and other similar 
substances are prepared in this manner. 

1063. Alcoolat de Cannelle (Cinnamon). — Cinnamon Bark ground fine 
1 part, Alcohol 80 per cent., 5 parts. Let macerate 4 days then distill until 
all the Alcohol used is recovered. Alcoolats of Angelica, Calamus, Mace, 
Sassafras. Cloves, and a great variety of other strong aromatic substances 
are made in a similar manner. 

The foregoing formula: will be sufficient to show the general method of 
making the Alcoolats of French Pharmacy. Many more are known and 
used, but they are seldom called for in this country, and generally the simple 
spirits or essences of the substances will do when simple Alcoolats are 
desired ; of the compound Alcoolats so few are used here that it seems 
unnecessary to give their formulas. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA FLUID 
EXTRACTS. 

Fluid extracts arc of American origin, and our Pharma- 
copoeia is tin- only one which recognizes preparations by this 
i), line Tin: British Pharmacopoeia has a few " Liquid Ex- 
tracts," some of which are similar to Fluid Extracts, bu1 this 
clas-, of preparations may he claimed as distinctly .American. 

Fluid Extracts aim to represent tin- entire soluble medicinal 
constituents of a certain weight of drug in an equivalent fluid 



454 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



measure. As such, they are the most convenient of the 
galenicals, for they may be used in place of the drugs them- 
selves in making many preparations extemporaneously that 
would otherwise require considerable time to prepare. They 
are also very convenient to prescribe, as the dose is the same 
as of the powdered drug or substances from which they are 
prepared. 

Since the introduction of Fluid Extracts, some forty years 
ago, many methods for making them have been proposed, all 
having in view the same object, viz.: To represent the entire 
medicinal value of a specified weight of the drug in an equiva- 
lent quantity of Fluid Extract. While in main, this may 
readily be done, yet it must be borne in mind that the entire 
medicinal value of some drugs cannot be held in solution in an 
equivalent fluidmeasure of Fluid Extract, by the menstruums 
usually employed for making them. 

A brief description of the principal methods which have 
heretofore been employed for making Fluid Extracts, is given 
for the convenience of our readers, but the process of water- 
bath percolation presents great advantages over any other, 
and is therefore employed in the formulae for the preparations. 
It is, in fact, the only process by which first-class fluid extracts 
can be made economically, in a small way, by druggists. 

The value of a fluid extract depends upon the amount of 
active medicinal agent that it contains, and the formulae given 
are designed to best secure that end, without producing prep- 
arations loaded with inert and worthless extractive matter as 
is often the case with those furnished by manufacturers. 

The formulas are each calculated to make a pint of fluid 
extract, but larger quantities may be made somewhat more 
advantageously. 

In making large quantities it may not be necessary to con- 
tinue the heat so long as is directed, as the water-bath will 
retain its heat for some time, when once heated. 

When Fluid Extracts are used for making Tinctures, Infu- 
sions, Syrups, etc., fluidmeasure equivalent to the weight of 
the drug, or drugs directed, may be used. Solid extracts may 
be made from nearly all the fluid extracts by evaporating 
them to the proper pilular consistence. 



EXTRACTA FLU IDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 455 

The following are the principal popular methods that have 
been employed or directed for making fluid extracts : 

1064. U. S. 1870 Process. 

"The quantity of powdered material directed to be used is 16 troyounces. 
This powder is to be moistened with a specified quantity of menstruum, and 
properly packed in a suitable percolator. The surface of the powder is then 
to be covered with a disc of paper, and the remaining portion of 16 fluid- 
ounces of menstruum is to be poured upon it. When the liquid begins to 
drop from the percolator, close the lower orifice with a cork, and, having 
closely covered the percolator to prevent evaporation, set it aside in a 
moderately warm place for four days. 

" The cork is then to be removed, more menstruum is to be gradually 
poured on, and the percolation continued until 24 fluidounces have been ob- 
tained. Of these, the first 14 fluidounces are to be reserved, and the 
remainder having been carefully evaporated to two fluidounces, is to be 
mixed with the reserved portion, and filtered through paper if necessary." 

The quantity of drug directed in the 1870 formulas is about 5 per cent, 
more than the equivalent fluid measure of the fluid extract obtained, the 
difference being the same as between troyweight and fluid measure. 

1065. U. S. 1880 Process. 

No general formula is given in the 1880 Pharmacopoeia for making fluid 
extracts, each drug having a detailed formula for itself ; but from them the 
following general formula may be deduced: 

100 grammes of the powdered material directed to be used are moistened 
with from 30 to 50 grammes of menstruum (according to the nature of the 
drug;, and properly packed in a suitable percolator; enough menstruum is then 
added to saturate the powder, and leave a stratum above it. When the 
liquid begins to drop from the percolator, the lower orifice is closed, the per- 
colator covered, and its contents allowed to macerate for 48 hours. The 
stopper is then loosened, and the percolation allowed to proceed gradually, 
adding first the remainder of 100 grammes of the menstruum, which has 
not previously been used, and then more menstruum, as is directed in the 
formula until the drug is exhausted. The first 85 cubic centimetres of the 
percolate received are reserved and, by means of a water-bath and still the 
Alcohol is recovered from the remainder, and the residue evaporated to a soft 
extract ; this soft extract is then dissolved in the reserved portion, and 
enough menstruum (as is directed in the formula) added to make the fluid 
extra* t measure 100 cubic centimetres. 

Fluid extracts made by this process r< present the medicinal value of a 
gramme of a drug in a cubic centimetre, therefore the weight of the drug 
and fluid measure of the fluid extract are equivalent. 



456 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



1066. Repercolation Process. 

The following is an abstract of Squibb's method of Fractional or Reper- 
colation. This process is probably the best cold process in use, but it is too 
tedious to be generally employed by druggists ; some skill and experience are 
required to use it successfully : 

To make 3 pints of a fluid extract take of 

The required drug, or drugs, in powder as directed, 50 ounces av. 
The required menstruum as directed, a sufficient quantity. 

First. — Take )■< of the powder (16% ounces avoir.) and 3 pints of the 
menstruum required. Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of 
the menstruum, pack it properly in a suitable percolator, pour upon it suf- 
ficient menstruum to saturate the drug and leave a stratum above it, and 
when the percolate begins to drop, close the lower orifice and allow to 
macerate from two or three days ; then begin to percolate, adding the 
remainder of the menstruum (and more if necessary) to the powder, con- 
tinuing the percolation until the drug is exhausted, receiving the percolate as 
it passes in the following manner : 

Reserve the first 12 fl. ounces mark a. 

the next 6 fl. ounces mark b. 

the next 8 fl. ounces mark c. 

the remainder of the percolate, mark d. 

The last portion, d, is a variable quantity, but should be from 20 to 30 
rl.ounces. With some drugs this may be forced through by adding water 
through the percolator, while with others the same menstruum must be used 
throughout. 

Second. — Take yi more of the powder (165^ ounces avoir.) as before, 
moisten it with the portion of percolate marked b, pack as before, pour upon 
it the percolate marked c, and afterward sufficient of the percolate marked 
d and sufficient fresh menstruum to exhaust the drug, receiving the percolate 
as follows . 

Reserve the first 16 fl. ounces mark e. 

the next 6 fl. ounces mark/". 

the next 8 fl. ounces, mark £-. 

the remainder of the percolate, mark h. 

The last portion, h, is a variable quantity, but should be from 16 to 20 
rl.ounces. With some drugs it may be forced out with water, while with 
others the same menstruum should be used throughout. 

Third. — Take the remaining '/$ i l ^> z A ounces avoir.) of the powder; 
moisten it with the portion marked /, pack as before, pour upon it the 
portion marked g, and afterward sufficient of the percolate marked // to 
saturate the powder and leave a stratum above; allow to macerate and 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 457 



percolate as before, adding the remainder of the percolate marked // and 
sufficient fresh menstruum to exhaust the drug, receiving the percolate as 
follows : 

Reserve the first 20 fl. ounces mark /. 

the remainder of the percolate, mark j. 

Lastly. — Mix the reserved portions, a, e and i, which constitute the fluid 
extract and reserve the last portion j, to moisten and percolate the next 
batch of drugs to be made into fluid extract of the same kind, marking it 
repercolate of the drug or drugs from which the fluid extract was prepared. 



1067. Pressure Process. 

The following is an abstract of N. Spencer Thomas's method of extracting 
the strength of drugs by maceration and pressure : 

Although this process does not entirely exhaust the medicinal strength of 
the drugs, it produces better extracts than most that are in the market. 

First. — Take 16^ ounces avoir, of the drug, of the proper fineness, and 
menstruum sufficient. Moisten the drug with from 8 to 12 fl. ounces of 
the menstruum (according to the nature of the drug), and set aside in a wide- 
mouth jar, or suitable covered vessel. Allow to stand four days, then press 
out as much as possible with a tincture press, and reserve the product. 

Second. — Moisten the same drug, as before, with from 6 to 8 ounces of 
the menstruum. Allow to stand, and press out as before, adding the product 
to the portion before reserved. 

Third. — Repeat the second operation, adding the product to the portions 
before reserved. 

Fourth. — Repeat the second operation, but so regulate the last amount of 
menstruum added as to make 1 pint of the fluid extract when added to the 
portions before reserved. Filter, if necessary. 

When this process is employed the drugs should be inclosed in a coarse, 
canvas cloth or bag before putting in the press. The pressure should be 
gradual and long continued, that the moisture may be as nearly as possible 
extracted from the drugs. A 1 -gallon tincture press will answer very well 
for making from 1 to 3 pounds of fluid extract. 

Combination Process — Repercolation and Pressure. — A combination 
of the Repercolation and Pressure process is used by some manufacturers. 
The percolation is conducted the same as is directed for repercolation, 
except that the last portions, d, h and /, are obtained by pressure instead of 
by percolation. It is more economical than repercolation alone, as there is 
no loss of menstruum in the last part of the percolations, which is quite an 
important item of the expense of the Fluid Kxtracts. 



458 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



1068. Fluid Extracts by Water-Bath Perco- 
lation. 

To give a detailed formula for every Fluid Extract which is 
made or known on the market, would require a large volume, 
and, indeed, it is unnecessary, for they may be classed accord- 
ing to the nature of the drug employed, and a few formulas 
will represent them all, it being necessary only to insert the 
name of the drug in the specified formula to adapt it to the 
particular Fluid Extract being made. 

The drugs from which Fluid Extracts are made are there- 
fore divided as far as is practicable into Classes, and a general 
formula given which is suited to the nature of the drugs in 
each Class. The formulae given are by water-bath percolation, 
which, as previously explained, is considered the best process 
for making Fluid Extracts. Other processes, however, maybe 
employed by using the menstruum designated for the drug, 
and proceeding as is directed in the process. 

Full detailed formulae for all the official Fluid Extracts will 
be found in Fenner's Working Formul/E. 



Fluid Extracts, Class A. 

In this class are included all Fluid Extracts made from 
drugs requiring Alcohol as a menstruum, except such as require 
special treatment or manipulation. To complete the formula 
for any Fluid Extract in this class, put the name of the drug 
and the fineness of the powder in the following 



1069. General Formula. 

The Drug in No. powder, . . . 16 f< ounces av. 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of Alcohol, 
pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it enough 
Alcohol to saturate and cover the drug and set in a warm 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — -FLUID EXTRACTS. 459 



place for two days ; then heat very moderately, and after one 
hour begin to percolate slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug, 
and continuing the heat and percolation until 14 fl. ounces have 
passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat and continue the 
percolation with Alcohol until the drug is exhausted. Distill 
the Alcohol from this last portion of the percolate until only 
2 fl. ounces remain, which add to the reserved portion to make 
a pint of the Fluid Extract. Lastly, after standing a few days 
filter through paper or muslin, adding enough Alcohol through 
the filter to make the measure a pint. If Glycerin is directed 
to be used it should be added to the first portion of the 
menstruum used. 

The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
recovered by distillation. 

The star ( * ) before a formula denotes that a Fluid Extract 
is also made from the green plant. See Green Plant Fluid 
Extracts. 



U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 

The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts made 
with Alcohol in accordance with this formula: 

1070. Extractum Aconiti Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Aconite. — 
Aconite Root in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
directed O069), and add 30 grains Tartaric Acid to a pint. 

1071. Extractum Aromaticum Fluidum — Aromatic Fluid Extract. — 
Aromatic powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1072. Extractum Belladonna Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Belladonna 

Root. — Belladonna Root in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid ex- 
tract as directed (1069). For Fluid Extract Belladonna Leaves see Class C. 

1073. Extractum Brayerae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Kousso. — 
Kousso Flowers in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
directed ( 10691. 

1074. Extractum Calami Fluidum — Fluid Extract of ( alamus (Sweet 
Flag), -Calamus in No. 50 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 

llllr. ted I I069). 

1075. Extractum Cannabis Indicae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Indian 
Cannabis or Indian Hemp. — Cannabis in No. 20 powder — Alcohol. Make 
a fluid extract as directed 1 1 069). 



460 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



1076. Extractum Capsici Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Capsicum 
{Cayenne Pepper). — Capsicum in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid 
extract as directed ( 1069). 

1077. * Extractum Cimicifugae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cimici- 
fuga {Black Cohosh). — Cimicifuga in No. 50 powder — Alcohol. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1069). 

The British Liquid Extract of Cimicifuga is identical with this. 

1078. Extractum Cubebae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cubeb. — Cubeb 
in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1079. * Extractum Cypripedii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cypri- 
pedium {American Valerine, Nervine). — Cypripedium in No. 60 powder — 
Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1080. * Extractum Gelsemii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Gelsemium 
{Yelhtu /asmino. — Gelsemium in No. 60 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid 
extract as directed (1069). 

1081. * Extractum Gossypii Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of 
Cotton Root. — Gossypium (Cotton Root Bark) in No. 30 powder, 16^ 
ounces av., Glycerin 4^ ft ounces, Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Percolate 
first with the mixed Glycerin and Alcohol, then with Alcohol as directed 
(1069). 

1082. Extractum Lupulinae Fluidum —Fluid Extract of Lupulin.— 
Lupulin — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1083. Extractum Mezerii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Mezereum 
(Mezereon). — Mezereum in No. 30 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract 
as directed (1069). 

1084. Extractum Sabinae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Savin. — Savin 
(tops) in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed 
(1069). 

1085. Extractum Sanguinariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Sangut- 
naria 1 Bloodrooi). — Sanguinaria in No. 50 powder — -Alcohol. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1086. Extractum Scillae Fluidum— Fluid Extract of Squill. — Squill in 
No. 20 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1087. -'Extractum Veratri Viridis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of I'era- 
trum I'iridc {American Hellebore). — Veratrum Viride in No. 60 powder — 
Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1088. Extractum Xanthoxyli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Xanthoxy- 
luni {Prickly Ash). — Xanthoxylum (Prickly Ash) in No. 40 powder — 
Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ([069). 

1089. Extractum Zingiberis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ginger. — 
Ginger in No. 40 powder — Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed 
(1069). 



EXTRACTA FLITDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



461 



Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 



The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 
Alcohol as a menstruum for preparing them, and are made in 
the same manner as directed (i< 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS A. 



LATIV NAME. 



COMMON NAME. 



IO9O 
IO9I 
IO92 
IO93 
IO94 
IO95 
1096 
IO97 
IO9S 
IO99 
1 1 OO 
IIOI 

1 102 
1103 
1104 

1 105 

1 106 

1 107 
110S 

1 109 

1 1 10 
in 1 
1 1 12 
1113 
1114 
1115 
1 1 16 
1.17 
1118 

UK; 
1 1 20 
I 121 
1122 
1123 
I I24 
1125 

I [26 

I I 27 
1 1 28 
I I2<; 
ll/. 
1131 
1132 
1133 



Acta-a alba 

Acta-a rubra 

Agaricus albus 

Akasga 

Alkanna (Anchusa) 

Alstonia constricta 

Alstonia scholaris 

Angelica officinalis 

Apium graveolens 

Asarum Canadense 

Asclepias cornuti 

Asclepias incarnata 

*Asclepias tuberosa 

Aspidium (Filix Mas). . . . 

A vena Sativa 

Azederach (melia A.). . . . 
*Baptisia tinctoria 

Boldus (Peumus B.) 

Boletus Laricis 

Bryonia alba 

Canella alba 

*Cannabis sativa 

Cantharis vesicatoria. . . . 

Capsella, B'a pastoris . . . 

Cardamomum 

Carophyllus 

*Cereus 

Chenopodium 

Cinnamomum 

Cocculus Indicus 

Convallaria Majalis 

Coriandrum 

Curcuma longa 

Delphinum consolida. . . . 

Delphioum Staphisagria. 

Dioscorea villoma 

Dipterix odorata 

Dita (Alst'a scholaris). . . 

1 frosera 

Drimys Winteria 

Erechthites hieracif'a. . . . 

Icnse 

• : Eriodictyon 

•Euphorbia corollata 



White Cohosh 

Baneberry, red 

White Agaric 

Boundon, Ikaju, Quai. . 

Alkanet 

Australian Bitter Bark. . 

Dita Bark 

Angelica 

Celery 

Canada Snakeroot 

Silkweed 

White Indian Hemp. . . . 
Pleurisy, or White Root. 

Male Fern 

Common Oats 

Bride of India or China. . 

Wild Indigo 

Boldo 

Agaric 

Bryony, White 

Canella 

American Hemp 

Cantharides 

Shepherd's Purse 

Cardamom 

Cloves 

Cactus 

Wormseed 

Cassia or Cinnamon. . . . 

Fish lorries 

Lily of the Valley 

Coriander 

Turmeric 

Larkspur 

Stavesacre 

Wild Nam 

Tonka, Tonqua.orT. Bean 

Dita Bark 

Sundew 

Winter's Bark 

Fireweed 

» lanada Fleabane 

Verba Santa 

Large Flowering Spurge 



Powder 
No. 



Root 60 

Root I 60 

Fungus .... 40 

Root j 60 

Root , 50 

Bark '• 60 

Bark j 60 

Root 60 

Seed j 60 

Root I 60 

Root 60 

Rcot 60 

Root 60 

Root 60 

Seed ! 40 

Root bark. . 60 

Root 60 

Leaves 50 

Fungus ... 40 

Root 60 

Bark j 60 

Plant 50 

Whole fly... 60 

Herb 50 

Seed 60 

Flower buds 60 

Plant 50 

Seed 00 

P.ark Oo 

fruit I 60 

Rootorflow's do 

Fruit 60 

Rhizome ... (>o 

Seed Oo 

Seed 60 

Rhizome. ... 60 

Seed 60 

P.ark 60 

Herb 40 

Bark 60 

Herb 40 

Herb 40 

Leaves 50 

Root ' 60 



462 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS A — Continued. 



LATIN NAME. 



COMMON NAME. 



Powder 
No. 



Filix Mas(Aspid'm)... 
Galanga 

Gillenia stipulacea. . . . 

Gillenia trifoliata 

Guaiacum lignum 

Helonias 

Hibiscus Abelmos's. . . 

Humulus 

Hyoscyami semen. . . . 

Ignatia 

Imperatoria 

Ins Elorentina 

Jalapa (Ipomea J'a)... 

Kamala (Rottlcra) 

Kava (Methisticum). . . 

Levisticum 

Lindera 

Liquidambar 

Lippia Mexicana 

Liriodendron 

^Lobelia 

Magnolia glauca 

Methysticum 

Micr meria 

Myrica cerefera. . 

Myristica fragrans. . . . 

Petroselinum. ....... 

Peumus Boldus 

Phelandrium 

Physostigma 

P menta 

Piper Methysticum . . . 

Piper Nigrum 

Pimpinella saxifraga. . . 
*Popu!us Candicans. . . . 

Pyrethrum 

*Rhus Toxicodendron. . 

Ricinus 

Rottlera; glandulae. . . . 

Sabadilla 

Santalum citrinum. . . . 

Santalum rubrum. . . . 

Santonica 

Silphium lacinatum... 

Staphisagria (Del. S.). 

Strychnos Ignatia. . . . 
| Sumbul (Ferula S.).. . . 
*Thuja occidentalis. . . . 
i Trillium pendulum. . 

Turnera aphrodis'ca. . . 

Urechites suberecta.. . 

Veratrum sabadilla. . . 

Wintera (Drimys W.). 

Xanthoxylum 

Zedoaria 



Male Fern 

Galangal (Catarrh Root). 

American Ipecac 

Indian Physic 

Guaiac 

False Unicorn 

: Amber or Ambrette. . . . 

j Hops 

i Henbane 

Ignatia Bean 

Masterwort 

Orris Root 

Jalap 

Kameela 

Ava Kava 

Lovage 

Spicewood, Fever Bush. 

Sweet Gum Tree 



Tulip Tree, Whitewood. 

Lobelia, Indian Tobacco 

Magnolia 

Ava Kava, Kava Kava. . 

Verba Buena 

Bayberry 

Mace or Nutmeg 

Parsley Seed 

Boldo 

Water Fennel Seed 

Calabar Bean 

Allspice 

Ava or Kava Kava 

Black Pepper 

Pimpernel, Small Saxifrage 

Balm or Balsam of Gilead 

Pellitory 

; Poison Ivy or Oak 

Castor Oil Bean 

(Kamala) Kameela 

Cevadilla 

i White or Yellow Santal. 

Red Saunders 

Wormseed, unexpanded. 

Rosin weed 

Stavesacre 

Ignatia Bean 

Musk root 

I Arbor Vita-, Thuya, 

Beth or Birth Root 

Damiana 



Cevedilla 

Winter's Bark 

Prickly-Ash Berries 
Zedoary 



Root 

Rhizome. . .. 

Root 

Root 

Wood 

Root 

Seeds 

Flowers .... 

Seed 

Seed 

Rhizome. . .. 
Rhizome.. .. 

Tuber 

Glands, etc. 

Root 

Root or seed 
Bernesorb'k 

Bark 

Herb 

Bark 

Seed 

Flowers or b 

Root 

Plant 

Bark 

Seed 

Fruit 

Leaves 

Fruit 

Seed 

Fruit 

Root 

Fruit 

Root 

Leaf buds. . 

Root 

Leaves 

Seed 

Glands, etc. 

Seed 

Wood 

Wood 

Flower heads 

Root 

Seed. . . 
Seed .... 

Root 

Twigs . . 

Root 

1 eaves . . 
Leaves . . 
Seed. . . . 
Bark.... 
f-ruit.. . . 
Root 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 463 

Fluid Extracts Class B. 

The following drugs require a menstruum of three measures 
of Alcohol to one measure of Water for preparing their Fluid 
Extracts. To complete the formula for any Fluid Extract in 
this class put the name of the drug and the fineness of powder 
required in the following 

1 189. General Formula. 

The Drug, in No. powder, . . 16% ounces av. 

Alcohol, I , rr ■ 

' - each, a sufficient quantity. 
Water, ) 4 y 

Mix three measures of Alcohol with 1 measure of Water, 
and having moistened the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of 
the mixture, macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a 
warm place ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
pour upon it sufficient menstruum to saturate and cover the 
drug and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat mod- 
erately and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
menstruum to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat 
and continue the percolation with the menstruum until the 
drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol (^ of the measure) 
from this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, 
which dissolve in the reserved portion and add enough of the 
menstruum to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. The Alcohol 
remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
distillation. If Glycerin is directed it should be added to the 
fust portion of the menstruum used. 

The * indicates that Fluid Extracts are also prepared from 
the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 

Many of the drugs that are included in Class A yield their 
medicinal properties to a menstruum of 3 parts Alcohol to 1 
of Water, and might properly be included in this class, but as 
the\- have generally been made with Alcohol only as a men- 
struum we have not thought best to depart from the estab- 
lished custom for the small saving that would be made. 



4(54 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 

The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts, requir- 
ing a menstruum of 3 parts by weight of Alcohol to 1 of Water. 
They may, however, be made by the general formula ( 1189), 
using 3 measures of Alcohol to I of Water. 

1190. *.Extractum Grindeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Grindelia. — 

Grindelia in No. 30 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as 
directed (11891. 

1 191. Extractum Guaranae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Guar ana.— 
Guarana in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1 . Make a fluid extract 
as directed ( 1189). 

1 192. Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum — Fluid Extract Hydrastis 
{Golden Seal). Hydrastis in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make 
a fluid extract as directed (4 189). 

1 193. * Extractum Iridis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Iris {Blue Flag). 
Iris (Blue Flag Root) in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a 
fluid extract as directed ( 1 189). 

1 194. Extractum Nucis Vomica? Fluidum — Fluid Extract lYux 
Vomica. — Nux Vomica in No. 60 powder. — Alcohol 8, Water 1. Make a 

fluid extract as directed (1189). 

The official formula directs a menstruum of 8 parts by weight (9 by mea- 
sure) of Alcohol to 1 part of Water. This formula is included in this class, 
but the menstruum as here directed should be used. 

1 195. Extractum Podophylli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Podophyllum 
(Mandrake). — Podophyllum (Mandrake Root) in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 
3. Water 1. Make a fluid extract as directed (1189). 

1 196. Extractum Serpentariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Serpen- 
taria. — Serpentaria in No. 50 powder. — Alcohol 3, Water 1. Make a fluid 
extract as directed (1189). 

P'luid Extracts of Digitalis, Hyoscyami/s, Rhubarb and Stramonium, are 
directed by the U. S. P. to be made with 3 parts by weight of Alcohol to 1 of 
Water, but in our opinion their properties are as well obtained by a men- 
struum of less Alcoholic strength, and we have put them in Class C. 

Some of the fluid extracts included in this class might be made with a 
menstruum of less alcoholic strength, but it is rather difficult to direct the 
exact proportion of Alcohol which would be necessary to hold the medicinal 
properties of the drugs, as they are found in the market, in solution ; there- 
fore, it is best to have the menstruum contain an excess rather than a 
deficiency of spirit. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



465 



Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 

The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 
3 measures of Alcohol to I measure of Water as a menstruum 
for preparing them, and are made in the same manner as 
directed (i 189) : 

UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS B. 



LATIN NAME. 



COMMON NAME. 



1 197 Acalypha Virginica 

1 198 Anemopsis Californica. . .. 

1 199 *Arum triphyllum 

1200 Asimina triloba 

1201 Aspidosperma 

1202 *Baccharis pilularis 

1203 '•■"Calycanthus Floridus 

1204 Cascarilla(Croton Eluteria) 

1205 Cochlearia armoracia 

1206 Coto (add 4 fl. oz. Glycerin) 

1207 Eremocarpus Setigerus. . . 

1208 Erythrophlctum, Casca. . . 

1209 Ephedra Antisyphilitica. . 

1210 Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. ..[ 

1211 Euphorbia pilulifera 

1212 *Grindelia squarrosa j 

1213 Juglans cinerea 

1214 Menispermum 

1215 Mercurialis annua 

1216 Nectandra 

1217 ''Polygonum 

1218 *Polymnia uvedalia 

1 2 19 Sassafras officinalis 

1220 ^Stramonium (Datura S.). . 



Mercury Weed 

Yerba Mansa 

Wild or Indian Turnip. 



Quebracho 

Kidney Root 

Carolina Allspice 

Cascarilla 

Horseradish 

Coto Bark 

Ginger Leaf 

Sassy or Mancona. . . . 

Ephedra 

Ipecacuanha Spurge. . 
Pill Bearing Spurge. . 



American Butternut. 

Yellow Parilla 

Mercury Herb 

Bebeeru 

Smartweed 

Bearsfoot, Leafcup. . 

Sassafras 

Stramonium 



Part Used. [^ 

Herb 40 

Plant \ 40 

Cormus . . . 50 

Seed I 50 

Bark 50 

Root 50 

Bark 50 

Bark | 50 

Root 50 

Bark 50 

Herb 40 

Bark. ; 50 

Plant j 50 

Root 50 

Plant 40 

Leaves, tops 40 

Root bark. . . 50 

Root 50 

Herb 40 

Bark 50 

Herb 30 

Root 50 

Root bark... 50 

Leaves 1 40 



Fluid Extracts, Class C. 

The following drugs require a menstruum of two measures 
of Alcohol to one measure of Water, for preparing their 
Fluid Extracts. To complete the formula for any Fluid Ex- 
tract in this Class, put tin: name of the drug and the fineness 
of powder required in the following 



1221. 



The Drug 
Alcohol, / 
Water, i 



General Formula. 

in No. powder i < i ' j < lunces av. 

each, a sufficient quantity. 



466 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



Mix two measures of Alcohol with one measure of Water, 
and having moistened the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of 
the mixture, macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a 
warm place ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
pour upon it sufficient menstruum to saturate and cover the 
drug, and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat moder- 
ately, and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
menstruum to the drug, and continuing the heat and percola- 
tion until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the 
heat and continue the percolation with the menstruum until 
the drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol {-A, of the measure) 
from this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, 
which dissolve in the reserved portion, and add enough of the 
menstruum to make a pint of the fluid extract. The Alcohol 
remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
distillation. If Glycerin is directed it should be added to the 
first portion of menstruum used. 

The " :: " indicates that fluid extracts are also prepared from 
the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 

U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 

The following U. S. Official Fluid Extracts are directed by 
the U. S. P. to be made with a menstruum of Alcohol 2 parts 
by weight to Water 1 part, but they may be made by the gen- 
eral formula (1221), using Alcohol 2 parts by measure to 
Water 1 part. 

1222. Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Bitter 

Orange Peel. — Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1223. Extractum Buchu Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Buchu. — Buchu 
in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as directed 
(1221). 

1224. Extractum Colchici Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Col- 
chicum Root. — Colchicum Root in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1225. Extractum Colchici Seminis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Col- 
chic u»i Seed. — Colchicum Seed in No. 30 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1221). 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 467 



1226. Extractum Digitalis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Digitalis 
{Foxglove). — Digitalis (recently dried) in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1221 ). 

1227. Extractum Hyoscyami Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus 
(Henbane). — Hyoscyamus in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1228. Extractum Matico Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Matico. — Matico 
in No. 40 powder — Alcohol, Water, Glycerin. Mix 14 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
3 fl.ounces each Water and Glycerin for first percolation, then finish with 
Alcohol 2, Water 1, as directed ( 1221 1. 

1229. Extractum Rhei Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. — Rhu- 
barb in No. 30 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as di- 
rected (1221). 

1230. Extractum Rubi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rubus {Black- 
berry). — Blackberry Root-Bark in No. 50 powder — Alcohol, Glycerin, Water. 
Mix 8 fl.ounces Alcohol, 5 fl.ounces of Water and 1% fl.ounces of Glycerin 
for first percolate, then finish with a menstruum of 26 fl.ounces Alcohol to 
16 fl.ounces of Water. 

1231. Extractum Senegae Fluidum— Fluid Extract of Senega. — Se- 
nega in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1, Water of Ammonia. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1221), and when completed add 3 fl. drachms 
Water of Ammonia to a pint. 

1232. Extractum Stramonii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Stramo- 
nium. — Stramonium in No. 40 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid 
extract as directed (1221). 

1233. Extractum Valerianae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Valerian. — 
Valerian in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a fluid extract as 
directed (1221). 

1234. ••Extractum Viburni Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Viburnum. — 
Viburnum (Black Haw) in No. 50 powder — Alcohol 2, Water 1. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1221). 

Fluid Extract of Digitalis, Hyoscyamus, Rhubarb and Stramonium, are 
directed by the l. S. P. to be made with a menstruum of 3 parts Alcohol by 
weight to 1 part Water, but we have classed them here, as we think the 
alcoholic strength of the menstruum sufficient. 

Many of the fluid extracts included in this class might readily be made 
with diluted Alcohol instead of 2 parts of Alcohol to 1 part of Water but 
for the difficulty experienced in percolating with the weaker menstruum, on 
account of the larger proportion of water softening their mucilaginous con- 
stituents, thus making it impossible for the menstruum to pass through them. 
It is therefore necessary in exhausting them to use a menstruum of sufficient 
alcoholic strength to prevent this difficulty and allow the percolation to 



468 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 

proceed freely. Some manufacturers first exhaust these drugs with an alco- 
holic menstruum and then distill off a portion, making up the quantity with 
water, but this is hardly expedient in making small quantities. 

Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 

The following are unofficial Fluid Extracts which require 2 
measures of Alcohol to I measure of Water for preparing 
them, and are made in the same manner as is directed (1221): 

UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS C. 



No. 



LATIN NAM?:. 



COMMON NAME. 



Powder 
No. 



1235 Acacia jurema Adstringens Bark 50 

1236 Aconiti folia Aconite, Monkshood ... Leaves ! 30 

1237 .Esculus glabra Buckeye Bark 40 

123S .Esculus Hippocastanum. Horse Chestnut : Seed 40 

1239 *Ailanthus Tree of Heaven ' Root bark. . . 40 

1240 Adansonia digitata I Baobab i Bark 40 

1241 Alnus rubra (or Serrulata) . j Tag Alder Bark 40 

1242 Althsese radix Marsh Mallow Root 20 

1243 Anemopsis Californica. . . Herba Mansa Root 40 

1244 Anethum graveolens Dill Seed Fruit 40 

1245 Angostura (Galip'cuspora). Angustura Bark 50 

1246 Anisum Anise Seed Fruit | 40 

1247 Apocynum androsiu'um. . . Bitter Root Root \ 50 

1248 Apocynum cannabinum. . . Black Indian Hemp. . . . Root j 50 

1249 Arnica; flores j Arnica Flowers Flowers 30 

1250 Artemisia frigida Mountain Sage Plant 30 

1251 Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Root 40 

1252 Asclepias curassavica Blood Flower Plant j 30 

1253 Belladonna? folia , Belladonna Leaves j 30 

1254 " : "Berberis aquifolium Oregon Grape Root 50 

1255 Berberis vulgaris Barberry Bark 50 

1256 Betonica officinalis Betony Herb 30 

1257 Buxus sempervirens Box j Barkorl'v's. 30 

1258 Calendula Marigold Flowers 30 

1259 Carum carvi j Caraway Seed Fruit I 50 

1260 Carrota (Dancus C.) Carrot Seed Fruit .. 50 

1261 Catalpa (Bignonia C.) ... Cigar Tree Bark, pods.. ! 50 

1262 Caullophyllum Blue Cohosh Root I 50 

1263 j*Cheledonium majus Garden Celandine Herb 40 

1264 Chiococca racemosa j Cachinca Root bark. . . 40 

1265 Chrysophyllum ' Monesia j Bark j 40 

1266 "Collinsonia Stone Root, Heal All. ... ! Root j 40 

1267 Corallorhiza ; Coral Root, Crawley Root 50 

1268 "Corydalis (Dicentra Can.). Turkey Corn Tuber 50 

1269 Corypha cerefera Carnauba, Wax Palm . . . Root 50 

1270 Cuminum Cyminum Cummin Seed Fruit 50 

1271 *Draconitum Skunk Cabbage Root 50 

1272 Duboisia Myoporoides. . . . Duboisia Leaves 30 

1273 Equisticum Horsetail i Stems 40 

1274 *Eryngium aquaticum Water Eryngo 1 Root 50 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



469 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS C — Continued. 



LATIN NAME. 



COMMON NAME. 



127; 
1276 
1277 
1278 
1279 
I28o 
I2Sl 
1282 
1283 
1284 
1285 
1286 
1287 
1288 
12S9 
1290 
1291 
1292 
1293 
1294 
1295 
1296 
1297 
1298 
1299 
I30O 
I301 
1302 
1303 
1304 
I305 
1306 
1307 
1308 
1309 
I3IO 
13" 
1312 

1313 
1314 
1315 
1316 
1317 
1318 
1319 
1 J20 
1321 
1322 
1323 
1324 
1325 
1326 
1327 
1328 



Eryngium yuccjefolium. . . 
*Euonymus 

Fceniculum 

Francisca uniflora 

Garrya Fremontii 

Hedeoma 

Helianthus 

Helleborus niger 

Hyoscyami radix 

Illicium Anisatum 

Inula Helenium 

Laurus nobilis 

Ledum palustre 

Manzanita(Arctostaphylos) 

Matricaria 

Monarda ristulosa 

M onarda punctata 

Monotropa uniflora 

Myrtus Checan 

Nuphar advena 

Nymph;va odorata 

Onosmodium Virginianum 

Origanum 

Paonia officinalis 

*Penthorium sedoides 

* Phytolacca 

Phellandrium aquaticum. . 

Piscidia 

Polemonium reptans 

Polygonatum giganteum. . 
Potentilla Canadensis. .. . 
Potentilla Tormentilla. . . . 

Populus alba 

Ptelea trifoliata 

Pulsatilla (Anemone P.) . . 

Pycnanthemum 

Quillaia 

* Rhus aromatica 

Rhododendron maximum. 

Robina 

Sabal serrulata 

I Salix alba 

Salix nigra 

Saponaria 

Satureja hortensis 

Sessamum orientate 

Simaba Cedron 

Sterculia acuminata. .... 
Sy mplocarpus ( 1 Iraconitum) 
Veratrum album 

Xanthium Strumarium. . . . 

Xanthium spinosum 

U vularia perfoliata 

Viburnum opulus 

Zanthorrhiza Apiifolia 1 



Corn Snakeroot 

Wahoo 

Fennel Seed 

Manaca 

Quinine Bush 

Pennyroyal 

Sunflower 

Black Hellebore 

Henbane 

Star Anise Seed 

Elecampane 

Bay Laurel, Bay Tree. 

Labrador Tea 

Glauca 

German Chamomile. . . 

Wild Bergamont 

Horsemint 

Fit Root, Ice Plant 

Cheken, Chequin 

Yellow Pond Lily 

White Pond Lily 

False Gromwell 

Wild Majoram 

Peony 

Virginia Stone Crop. . . 

Garget or Poke 

Water Fennel 

Jamaica Dogwood 

Abscess Root 

Soloman's Seal 

Cinquefoil, Firefinger. 

Tormentil 

White Poplar 

Waferash, Hoptree. . . 

Pulsatilla 

Mountain Mint 

Soap Tree 

Sweet Sumach 

Great Laurel 

Locust Tree 

Palmetto Saw Perries. . 

White Willow 

Black Willow 

Soapwort 

Summer Savory 

Penne 

Cedron Seed 

Cola or Kola 

Skunk Cabbage 

White Hellebore 

Cockleburr 

Spiney Hurweed 

Bellwort 

1 ramp, Cranberry.. . . 
Yellow' Root 



Root . 
Bark. . 
Fruit . 
Root . 



50 

50 
50 
50 
Herb I 40 



Leaves 

Seed. 

Root 

Root 

Fruit 

Root 

Leaves 

Twigs, Tops 

Leaves 

Flowers 

Herb 

Plerb 

Plant 

Leaves 

Root 

Root 

Seeds, root. . 

Herb 

Root 



Herb 30 



Root 

Seed 

Root bark. . . 

Root 

Root 

Plant 

Root 

Inner bark. . 
Inner bark. . 

Herb 

Herb 

Bark 

Root Bark . , 
Inner bark. . 



Leaves 40 



Fruit .. 
Bark . . 
Park . . 
Root . . 
Herb.. 
Leaves 
Seed . . 
Nuts.. 
Root . . 
Root . . 
Burrs . . 
Plant . . 
Root . . 
Hark. . 
Root . . 



470 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



Fluid Extracts Class D. 

The following drugs require Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum 
for preparing their fluid extracts; equal measure of Alcohol 
and water, although it is not the present officinal standard for 
Diluted Alcohol, will be of sufficient Alcoholic strength for 
these Fluid Extracts. To complete the formula for any 
Fluid Extract in this class, put the name of the drug and the 
fineness of powder required in the following 

1330. General Formula. 

The Drug in No. powder, . . . 16^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the drug with from 8 to 10 ounces of Diluted 
Alcohol mixed with the Glycerin, if any is directed to be used, 
and macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel in a warm place ; 
transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon 
it sufficient Diluted Alcohol to saturate and cover the drug, 
and set in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately 
and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding Diluted 
Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
until 13 ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat 
and continue the percolation with Diluted Alcohol until the 
drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol (}4 the measure) from 
this last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, which 
dissolve in the reserved portion and add enough Diluted 
Alcohol to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. The Alcohol 
remaining in the drug after percolation may be recovered by 
distillation. 

The* indicates that Fluid Extracts are also prepared from 
the fresh or green drug. See Green Plant Fluid Extract. 

U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 

The following are the U. S. Official Fluid Extracts made 
with diluted AlcoJwl, in accordance with this formula. When 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 471 

Glycerin is used it should be added to the diluted Alcohol 
used to moisten the drug : 

1331. Extractum Arnica; Radicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Arnica 
Root. — Arnica Root in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid 
extract as directed (1330). 

1332. Extractum Calumbae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Calumba 
{Columbo). — Calumba (Columbo), in Xo. 20 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1333. Extractum Chimaphilae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Chima- 
pliila (Pifisissewa). — Chimaphila (Prince's Pine), in No. 20 powder — 
Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin ( 1% fl.ounce to a pint.) Make a fluid extract as 
directed (1330J. 

1334. Extractum Chiratse Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Chiraia. — 
Chirata in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (\% fl.ounce to a 
pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

I 335- Extractum Conii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Conium (Cicuta 
Water Hemlock). — Conium (Fruit), in No. 40 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid ( l / 2 fl.ounce to a pint). Make as directed (1330), 
adding the diluted acid to the portion to be evaporated. 

1336. Extractum Cornus Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Cornus {Dog- 
wood). — Cornus (Dogwood Bark), in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
Glycerin (2 l / 2 fl.ounces to a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1337. Extractum Dulcamarae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Dulcamara 
{Bittersweet). — Dulcamara (Bittersweet), in No. 50 powder — Diluted 
Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330. 

1338. Extractum Erythroxyli Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Erythroxy- 
lou (Coca). — Erythroxylon (Coca leaves), in No. 40 powder — Diluted 
Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330). The Br. Liquid Extract 

1 is similar to this fluid extract. 

1339. Extractum Eupatorii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Eupatorium 
• [Thoroughworf). — Eupatorium (Boneset), in No. 30 powder — 

Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1340. Extractum Gentianae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Gentian — 
Gentian in Xo. 20 powder— Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
directed f 1330). 

1341. Extractum Geranii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Geranium 
{Cranesbill). -Geranium (Cranesbill Root), in No. 30 powder — Diluted 
Alcohol —Glycerin ( 1 ' 4 fl.ounce in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed 
<'33°J- 

1342. Extractum Glycyrrhizse Fluidum —Fluid Extract of Glycyrrhiza 
{Liquorice). Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice Root), in No. 30 powder — Diluted 



472 EXTRACTA FI.UIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 

Alcohol — Water of Ammonia (ij4 fl. ounce in a pint). Mix the Water of 
Ammonia with the first portions diluted Alcohol used and make a fluid 
extract as directed (1330). 

1343. Extractum Krameriae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Krameria 
(Rhatany). — Krameria (Rhatany), in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — 
Glycerin (2}{ fl. ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1344. *Extractum Leptandrae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Leptandra 
{Culver's Root). — Leptandra (Black Root) in No. 50 powder — ■ Diluted Alco- 
hol — Glycerin (2 fl. ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as directed 
(1330). 

1345. * Extractum Lobeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Lobelia. — 
Lobelia (herb) in No. 50 powder. — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
directed (1330). 

1346. Extractum Pareirae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Pareira. — 
Pareira in No. 40 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin {2% fl.ounces in a 
pint.) Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1347. Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Pilocarpus 
(faborandi). Pilocarpus (Jaborandi) in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
Make a fluid extract as directed ( 1330). 

1348. Extractum Quassias Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Quassia. — 
Quassia in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid extract as 
directed (1330). 

1349. Extractum Rhois Glabrae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rhus 
Glabra (Sumac). — Rhus Glabra (Sumac " bobs ") in No. 30 powder — Dilu- 
ted Alcohol — Glycerin (i# fl.ounces in a pint). Make a fluid extract as 
directed (1330). 

1350. Extractum Rosae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Rose. — Red Rose 
in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (1% flounce in a pint). 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1351. Extractum Rumicis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Runiex (Yel- 
low Dock). — Rumex (Yellow Dock) in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. 
Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1352. Extractum Spigeliae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Spigelia (Pink 
Root). — Spigelia (Pink Root) in No. 50 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a 
fluid extract as directed (1330). 

I 353- * Extractum Stillingiae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Stillingia 
( Queensroot). — Stillingia in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol. Make a fluid 
extract as directed (1330). 

1354. Extractum Uvae Ursi Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Uva Ursi. — 
Uva Ursi in No. 30 powder — Diluted Alcohol — Glycerin (\)i fl.ounce in a 
pint). Make a fluid extract as directed (1330). 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



473 



Unofficial Fluid Extracts. 

The following are unofficial fluid extracts which require 
Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum for preparing them, and are 
made in the same manner as directed (1330). Many of these 
extracts may be made with a menstruum of less alcoholic 
strength, but, generally, their soluble properties are better 
held in solution with Diluted Alcohol than with a weaker 
menstruum. 

UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D. 



1355 
1356 
1357 
1358 
1359 
1360 
1361 
1362 
1363 
1364 
I3 r >5 
1366 
1367 
1368 
1369 
1370 
1371 
1372 
1373 
1374 
1375 
1376 

1377 
1378 
1379 
1380 
1381 
1382 
1383 
1384 
1385 
1386 
1387 
13S8 
1389 
1390 
1 39 1 
1392 
1393 
1394 
1395 



LATIN" NAME. 



Abies balsamea 

Absinthium (Artemisia). . 

Acanthus mollis 

Achillea millefolium 

Adiantum 

Agrimonia Eupatoria . . . . 
*Aletris farinosa 

Althaea flores 

Ambrosia trifida 

Ampelopsis 

*Amygdalus Persica ...... 

Anagallis arvensis 

Anemone 

Anthemis nobilis 

Andira inermis 

Aralia hispada 

Aralia spinosa 

Aralia nudicauhs 

Aralia racomosa 

Areca catechu 

Aster punicus 

Asparagus officinalis 

Aurantii cortex, dulcis. . . . 

Betula Lenta 

Bidens bipinnata 

Bistorta ( Pologonum B.). 

Borago officinalis 

Caffea 

CafTea tosta 

Carduus Benedictus 

Carya alba 

I arthamus tinctorius 

Cascara amarga 

Cascara sagrada 

< lataria ( Nepeta C.) 

Cephalanthus 

Celastrus scandens 

< en is Canadensis 

Cetraria 

Ceonothus Americanus. . . 
Chelone glabra 



COMMON NAME. 



Balsam Fir Tree 

Wormwood 

Acanthus 

Yarrow 

Maidenhair Fern 

Agrimony 

Unicorn, Star Grass. . 

Marshmallow 

Rich weed, Ragweed.. 

Virginia Creeper 

Peach Tree 

Scarlet Pimpernel. . . . 

Wood Anemone 

English Chamomile. . 
Cabbage Tree, Yellow 

Dwarf Elder 

Southern Prickly Ash. 
Amer. Sarsaparilla. . . 

Spikenard 

Betel nut 

Red Stalked Aster. . . 

Asparagus 

Sweet Orange Peel.. . 
Black or Cherry Birch 

Spanish Needles 

Pistort, Snakeweed.. . 

Porage 

< offee Berries, green . 
Coffee Perries, roasted 

Blessed Thistle 

White Hickory 

Safflower, Am. Saffron 

I londuras Park 

Rhamnus Prushiana. . . 

Catnip, Catmint 

Button Push 

Staff Tree 

Judas Tree 

Iceland Moss 

Jersey Tea, Red Root. 
Balmony, Snakehead.. 



1 Powder 

I No. 



Inner bark. . 40 

Leaves, tops. 30 

Leaves | 30 

Leaves, tops. 30 

Plant 30 

Whole plant. 30 

Root 50 

Flowers 20 

Herb 30 

Twigs, bark. 30 

Leaves 30 

Herb 30 

Flerb 30 

Flowers 30 

Park 40 

Root 40 

Bark 40 

Root 30 

Root 30 

Seed 50 

Root 40 

Young shoots 30 

Fruit rind. . . 20 

Bark 40 

Root 50 

Rhizome .... 50 

Herb 30 

Seeds ! 30 

Seeds 40 

Leaves, tops. 30 

Inner bark. . 50 

Flowers 30 

Bark 40 

Park 50 

Herb 30 

Park 50 

Root bark. . . 50 

Root bark.. . 50 

Entire plant. 20 

Root 50 

1 1 t-rli 20 



474 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 



LATIN NAME. 



I39 6 
1397 
I39S 
1399 
1400 
140 1 
1402 
M03 
1404 
I405 
1406 
1407 
1408 
1409 
1410 
1411 
1412 
1413 
1414 

1415 
1416 
1417 
141S 
1419 
1420 
1421 
1422 
1423 
1424 
1425 
1426 
1427 
1428 
1429 
1430 
1431 
1432 
1433 
1434 
1435 
1436 
1437 
1433 
M39 
1440 
1441 
1442 
1443 
1444 
1445 
1446 
1447 
144S 
1449 
I450 



Chicorium Intybus 

China ( Smilax glabra).. 
*Chionanthus Virginica. . 

Cochleria, fresh 

Colocynthus 

Comptonia asplenifolia. . 

Conii folia 

Convulvulus panduratus. 

Coptis teeta 

Coptis tnfolia 

Cornus circinata 

Cornus sericea 

Crocus sativus 

Cucumis citrullus 

Cucumis pepo 

Cunderango 

Cunila Mariana 

Cynoglossum 

Cyperus articulatus 

Diospyros cortex , 

Diospyros fructus 

Dirca palustris , 

Dulcamara (Solanum D.), 

Elephantopus tomentosus 

Epiphegus ( Orobanche). . 

Epigiva repens 

*Epilobium 

Erythracea 

Erythnea Centaurium. . . 

Eupatorium aromaticum. 

Eupatorium perfoliatum. 

Eupatorium purpureum . 

Euphrasia 

Fagus ferruginea 

*Frankenia 

Frasera 

Fraxinus Americana .... 

Fraxinus sambucifolia. . . 

Fucus vesiculosus 

Fumaria officinalis 

Galla 

Galium aperine 

Galium verum 

Gaultheria 

Gentiana quinqueflora. . . 

Geum rivale 

Geum urbanum 

Gnaphalium 

Gouania Domingensis. . . 

Granati fructus cortex. . . 

Granatum 

Gratiola officinalis 

Cuaco ( Mikania G.) 

Humatoxylon 

Hamamelidis cortex 



COMMON NAME. 



Chicory 

China Root 

Fringe Tree 

Scurvy Grass 

Colocynth, Bitter Apple. 

Sweet Fern 

Cicuta, Conium 

Wild Jalap J 

East Indian Coptis ! 

Coptis, Gold Thread I 

Green Ozier 

Swamp Dogwood j 

True Saffron 

Watermelon Seed 

Pumpkin Seed ; 

Conderango 

Dittany, American 

Hound's Tongue 

Adrue 

Persimmon 

Persimmon 

Leatherwood 1 

Bittersweet 

Elephant's Foot 

Cancer Root 

Trailing Arbutus 

Wickup or Willow 

Canchalagua 

European Centaury 

White Snakeroot 

Boneset, Thoroughwort. 
Queen of the Meadow. . 

Eyebright 

American Beech 

Verba Rheuma 

American Columbo 

White Ash 

Black Ash 

Bladder or Sea Wrack. . 

Fumitory 

Nutgall i 

Cleavers j 

Lady's Bedstraw 

Wintergreen 

Five-Flowered Gentian. 

Water Avens 1 

European Avens 

Life Everlasting 

Chewstick 

Pomegranate 

Pomegranate 

Hedge Hyssop 

Guaco 

Logwood 

Witch Hazel 



Root 

Rhizome 
Root bark. . . 
Bruised herb. 

Fruit 

Herb 

Leaves 

Root 

Rhizome.. . . 
Entire plant. 

Bark 

Bark 

Stigmas 

Seed 

Seed 

Bark 

Root 

Herb 

Root 

Bark 

Green fruit. . 

Bark 

Twigs 

Herb 

Plant 

Leaves 

Herb 

Herb 

Herb 

Root 

Herb 

Root 

Herb 

Inner bark. . 

Plant 

Root 

Bark 

Bark 

Plant 

Leaves 

Excrecenses. 

Herb 

Herb 

Leaves 

Plant 

Root 

Root 

Herb 

Stems 

Fruit rind . . . 
Root bark . . . 

Herb 

Leaves 

Wood 

Bark 



Powder 
No. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 475 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 



LATIN* NAME. COMMON NAME. 



Powde 
No. 



1451 He'.ianthemum Frostwort, Rockrose. . . . Herb 30 

1452 Hemidesmus Indian Sarsaparilla. . . . Root 40 

1453 Hepatica Liverwort, Kidney Leaf. Leaves 30 

1454 Heracleum Masterwort Leaves, root. 30 

1455 Heuchera Alum Root Root 40 

1456 Hippocastanum Horse Chestnut Bark 40 

1457 Hydrangea arborecens. . . Hydrangea, Seven B'ks. Root 50 

1458 Hyssopus Hysop (Am., European) Plant 30 

1459 Hypercum perforatum. . . Johnswort Herb 30 

1460 Ilex Paraguayensis Paraguay Tea , Leaves 30 

1461 Jeffersonia diphylla Twin Leaf Root 40 

1462 Jacaranda Caroba Caroba Leaves 40 

1463 Juglans nigra Black Walnut Bark 40 

1464 Juglans regia European Butternut. . . . Leaves 30 

1465 Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel Leaves 30 

1466 Lactuca virosa Wild Lettuce Leaves 30 

1467 Lappae fructus Burdock Seed Fruit 40 

1468 Lappa; radix Burdock Root Root 40 

1469 , Larix Americana Tamarack Bark 40 

1470 Lavendula vera ' Lavender Flowers 30 

1471 Leonorus cardiaca Motherwort Herb 30 

1472 Limonis cortex Lemon Peel Fruit rind... 20 

1473 Liatris odoratissima Vanilla Plant Leaves 30 

1474 Liatris spicata Button Snakeroot Root 50 

1475 Liatris squarrosi Blazing Star Root 50 

1476 *Lycopus Europaeus Bitter Bugle Herb 30 

1477 Lycopus Virginicus Bugle Weed Herb 30 

1478 Maltum Barley Malt Malted Seed . 30 

1479 Malva sylvestris Common Mallow Leaves 20 

1480 Mangifera Indica Mango Bark rind ... 30 

148 1 Mangostana Mangosteen Fruit rind. . . 30 

1482 Marjorana (Origanum M.) Sweet Marjoram Herb 30 

1483 Marrubium vulgare Hoarhound Herb 30 

1484 Maruntacotula May Weed Herb 30 

1485 Melissa Sweet Balm Herb ! 30 

i486 Melilotus officinalis Melilot, Sweet Clover. . . Ilowers 30 

1487 Mentha piperita Peppermint Herb 30 

1488 Mentha viridis Spearmint Herb 30 

Menyanthes trifoliata. . . . Buck Bean, Bog Bean. . Leaves 30 

[490 Mikania Guaco duaco Leaves Leaves 30 

1491 Mitchella repens Partridgeberry Herb 30 

140,2 Moras ni^ra Mulberry Root 40 

1 4')3 Myriea Gale Sweet < iale Herb 30 

i|M ' 1 in iihera biennis livening Primrose Twigs, leaves 40 

[495 Osmarrhiza longistyl is . . . Sweet Cicely Root 40 

[496 Osmunda regalis Buckhorn Brake Root 40 

[ \')~ < >strya Virginica Ironwood Bark 40 

1 it Oxydendron arboreum . . . Sourwood Twigs ' 30 

Panax (Aralia quiquefolia) Ginseng Root 30 

1500 Papaver Sonimiferam. . . . Poppy Cap., leaves. 50 

1501 Pepo ( Cucurbita P.) Pumpkin Seed 20 

1502 Persia gratissima Alligator Pear Seed 40 

Petroselinum Parsley Root, seed., 30 

i--"i Pinus Strobus White Pine Inner bark. , |0 

1505 I Phoradendron American Mistletoe ... 1'lant 30 



476 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



UNOFFICIAL FLUID EXTRACTS CLASS D — Continued. 



1506 
1507 
1508 
1509 
1511 
1512 
1513 
i5M 
1515 
1516 
1517 
151S 

1519 
1520 
1521 
1522 
1523 
1524 
1525 
1526 
1527 
1528 
1529 
1530 
i53i 
1532 
1533 
1534 
1535 
1536 
1537 
1538 
1539 
1540 
1541 
1542 
1543 
1544 
1545 
1546 
1547 
1548 
1549 
1550 
i55i 
1552 
1553 
1554 
1555 
1556 
1557 
1558 
1559 
1560 
1561 



LATIN NAME. 



Plantago major 

Pinus Canadensis 

Polygala amara 

Polypodium vulgare 

Polytrichum 

Prinos verticillatus 

Pulmonaria 

Pyrethrum Parthenum.. 

Pyrola rotundifolia 

Pyrus Malus 

Quercus alba 

Rhamnus catharticus. . . . 

Rhamnus Prushiana 

Rhceas ( Papaver R.). . . . 

Ricini folia 

Rubus strigosus 

Rubia 

Rudbeckia 

Ruta graveolens 

Sabbatia angularis 

Sabbatia Elliottii 

Salvia officinalis 

Sambucus Canadensis. . . 

Sarracenia purpurea 

I Scrofularia nodosa 

*Senecio gracilis 

Simaruba officinalis 

Smilax Sarsaparilla 

Solidago odora 

Spirita tomentosa 

Statice Caroliniana 

Stigmata Maydis 

Symphytum officinale. . . 

Tabacum ( Nicotiana T.) . 

Tanacetum vulgare 

Tecoma radicans 

Thea Chinensis 

Theobroma Cacao 

Thymus Vulgaris 

Trifolium partense 

Triosteum perfoliatum. . 

Tilia 

Tonga 

Tormentilla 

Tussilago Farfara 

' Ulmus fulva 

Umbellaria 

Urtica dioica. ... 

Ustilago Maydis 

VerbascUm thapsus 

Verbena hastata 

Viburnum dentatum.. . . , 

Viola tricolor 

Viscum Album 

Vaccinum Crassifolium. . 



COMMON NAME. 



Powder 
No. 



Common Plantain 

Hemlock 

Bitter Polygala 

Polypody 

Hair Cap Moss 

Black Alder 

Lungwort 

Feverfew 

Canker Lettuce 

Apple Tree 

White Oak 

Buckthorn 

Cascara Sag. Chittem. . . 

Red Poppy 

Castor Oil Leaves 

Red Raspberry 

Madder 

Thimbleweed 

Rue 

Am. or Red Centaury . . 

Quinine Flower 

Sage 

Elder 

Pitcher Plant 

Carpenter's Square 

Life Root 

Simaruba 

Bamboo Brier 

Golden Rod 

Hardhack 

Marsh Rosemary 

Corn Silk 

Comfrey 

Tobacco 

Tansy 

Trumpet Creeper 

Tea 

Chocolate 

Thyme 

Red Clover 

Fever Wort 

Linden 

Mixed Fiji Island Barks 

Tormentil 

Coltsfoot 

Slippery Elm 

California Laurel 

Nettle 

Corn Smut or Ergot. . . . 

Mullein 

Vervain 

Arrow Wood 

Wild Violet or Pansy. . . 

Mistletoe 

Creeping Huckleberry. . 



Plant 30 

Inner bark. . 30 

Plant 30 

Root 40 

Plant 30 

Bark 40 

Herb 30 

Herb 30 

Herb 30 

Root bark. . . 40 

Bark ! 40 

Berries 20 

Bark 40 

Flowers 30 

Leaves 30 

Leaves 30 

Root 30 

Tops 30 

Leaves 30 

Plant 30 

Herb 30 

Leaves 30 

Bark, flowers 30 

Plant 30 

Root 30 

Plant 30 

Bark 30 

Root 30 

Herb 30 

Herb 30 

Root 40 

Stigmas 20 

Root 30 

Leaf 30 

Herb 30 

Bark 40 

Leaves 30 

Seeds 40 

Herb 30 

Flowers 30 

Herb 30 

Flowers 30 

Barks 50 

Rhizome. ... 30 

Leaves 40 

Bark 30 

Leaves ' 30 

Root ! 40 

Fungus j 50 

Flowers, l'v's 30 

Herb j 30 

Bark 40 

Plant j 30 

Plant 30 

Plant I 30 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 477 



Other U. S. Official Fluid Extracts. 

The following U. S. Official Fluid Extracts cannot well be 
included under the foregoing classes as they require a differ- 
ent menstruum or some special manipulation. The essential 
details only are given here. For full detailed formulas, see 
Fenner's Working Formulae. They should be made by 
water-bath percolation in a manner similar to those classed in 
A, B, C, or D. 

1562. Extractum Castaneas Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Castanea 
[Chestnut Leaves). — Castanea (Chestnut Leaves) in No. 12 powder i6 2 i 
ounces av., Water, Alcohol, each sufficient. Percolate the drug with hot 
Water till exhausted, evaporate the percolate, by water-bath, to 2 pints, add 5 
fl. ounces Alcohol, let stand 24 hours for precipitate to subside, filter through 
calico, evaporate the filtered liquid to 1272 fl. ounces, and add enough Alcohol 
to make a pint. 

1563. Extractum Cinchonae Fluidum — Fluid Extract Cinchona (Calis- 
aya). — Yellow Cinchona (Galisaya Bark) in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces av., 
Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 
14.% fl.ounces of Alcohol and percolate first with the mixture, then with a 
menstruum of 3 measures of Alcohol mixed with one measure of Water until 
the drug is exhausted. Reserve the first 13 fl.ounces. Distill the Alcohol 
from the remainder of the percolate and evaporate the residue to 3 fl.ounces, 
which add to the reserved portion. 

Liquid Extract of Cinchona — The Br. P. directs an Aqueous Fluid 
Extract of Cinchona to be prepared from Cinchona Bark by the aid of a 
small quantity of Hydrochloric Acid. This is then to be assayed and the 
quantity of liquid so regulated that it shall contain 5 per cent, of total 
Alkaloids. 

1564. Extractum Ergotae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ergot [Spurred 

or Smut Rye). Ergot recently ground in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces av., 
Alcohol, Water, each sufficient, diluted Hydrochloric Acid 1 fl.ounce. Per- 
colate first with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol mixed with 10 fl.ounces of Water, then 
with Water. Reserve first 13 ounces that pass. Mix the dilute Hydrochloric 
Acid with the remainder of the percolate, evaporate to 3 ounces, and add 
to the reserved portion. 

The Br. Liquid Extract if Ergot is similar to this but contains no acid. 

1565. Extractum Frangulae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Frangula 
{Buckthorn Bark). Frangula (Buckthorn Bark) in No. 40 powder \<>' , 
ounces av , Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Percolate firsl with 6 fl.ounces 

Alohol mixed with 8 fl.ounces Water, then with Water until exhausted. 



478 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 

Reserve the first 13 fl .ounces of percolate, evaporate the remainder to 3 
ft ounces, and add. 

The Br. Liquid Extract of Rhavinus Frangula is similar to this Fluid 
Extract. 

1566. Extractum Hamamelidis Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Hamame- 
lis {Witch //a:.c/).— Hamamelis (Witch Hazel Leaves) in Xo. 40 powder 
i6 2 ; ounces av., Alcohol, Water. Percolate first with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol 
mixed with 12 11. ounces of Water, then with Water until exhausted. Reserve 
the first 13 fl.ounces of percolate, evaporate the remainder to 3 fl.ounces, and 
add. 

1567. Extractum Ipecacuanha Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Ipecac. — 
Ipecac in No. 60 powder 16-3 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 
Percolate the drug with Alcohol until exhausted, distill off the Alcohol until 
only 4 rl. ounces remain, mix this with a pint of Water and evaporate by 
water-bath to 12 rl. ounces, let stand 48 hours, then filter and add Water 
through the filter until the washings are tasteless, evaporate the filtrate and 
washings to half a pint, and, when cool, add half a pint of Alcohol, and filter. 
This process removes all the resinous matter and makes an extract mixable 
with syrup without cloudiness. 

1568. Extractum Lactucarii Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Lactuca- 
rium. — Lactucarium 167-3 ounces av. is first macerated and washed with 
gasoline, then dried and percolated with a menstruum of Alcohol 8 fl.ounces 
mixed with Water 20 fl.ounces. The first 12 fl.ounces of percolate are 
reserved and the remainder evaporated to 4 fl.ounces and added. This 
makes an extract that can be mixed with syrup to make Syrup of Lactucarium. 

1569. Extractum Pruni Virginianae Fluidum — F/uid Extract of Wild 
Cherry. — Wild Cherry in No. 20 powder 167^ ounces av., glycerin 1% 
fl.ounces, diluted Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 6 
ounces of Water and moisten the drug, macerate 48 hours, pack in percola- 
tor and percolate with diluted Alcohol until 13 fl.ounces have passed, which 
reserve, then with Water until exhausted. Evaporate the last portion to 3 
fl.ounces and add to the reserved portion. 

1570. Extractum Sarsaparilla Fluidum — /'///'/,'/ Extract of Sarsapa- 
rilla. — Sarsaparilla in No. 30 powder 167^ ounces av., Glycerin 1% fl. ounce, 
Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix the Glycerin with 6 fl.ounces Alcohol 
and 10 fl.ounces of Water and percolate first with this mixture, then with a 
mixture of 1 measure of Alcohol to 2 measures of Water until the drug is 
exhausted. Reserve the first 13 fl.ounces and evaporate the remainder to 3 
fl.ounces, and add to the reserved portion. 

The Br. Liquid Extract of Sarsaparilla is similar to this but contains a 
little sugar. 

1 57 1. -Extractum Scutellariae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Scutellaria 
[Skullcap). — Scutellaria (Skullcap) in No. 30 powder \6% ounces av., Alco- 
hol, Water, each sufficient. Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 10 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 479 

fl. ounces of Alcohol to 16 fl. ounces of Water and percolate the drug with the 
mixture until exhausted, reserve the first 13 fl. ounces of percolate, distill 
the Alcohol from the remainder, and evaporate the residue to 3 fl. ounces and 
add to the reserved portion. 

1572. Extractum Sennae Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Senna. — Senna 
in Xo. 20 powder 1673 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix 
Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 13 fl. ounces Alcohol to 16 fl. ounces 
of Water, and percolate, reserving the first 13 fl. ounces, distilling the Alcohol 
from the remainder and evaporating the residue to 3 fl. ounces, which add to 
the reserved portion. 

1573. Extractum Taraxaci Fluidum — Fluid Extract of Taraxacum 
(Dandelion). — Taraxacum (Dandelion Root) in No. 20 powder 16%' ounces 
av., Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. Mix Alcohol and Water in the propor- 
tion of 9 fl. ounces of Alcohol to 12 fl. ounces of Water and percolate with 
the mixture, reserving the first 14 fl. ounces of percolate and distilling the 
Alcohol from the remainder, evaporating the residue to 2 fl ounces, which 
add to the reserved portion. 

The Br. Liquid Extract of Dandelion is similar to this Fluid Extract. 



Other Unofficial Fluid Extracts Requiring 
Special Treatment. 

The following arc unofficial Fluid Extracts requiring special 
treatment, which cannot well be included in Classes A, B, 
C and 1 ) : 

1574. Fluid Extract of Cinchona, Detannated — Mix 6 ounces of freshly 
precipitated, washed, moist Hydrated Peroxide of Iron (Ferric Hydrate) 
with a pint of Fluid Extract of Cinchona, and allow to stand for 4 days, 
shaking frequently; then filter, adding through the filter enough Dilu- 
ted Alcohol to make the measure a pint. If the filtered extract still shows 
traces of Tannin when tested with Tincture of Chloride of Iron, add an 
ounce more of the moist Ferric Hydrate, and proceed as before, until it is 
detannated. 

1575. Fluid Extract Garlic — Allium Sativum. — Garlic, crushed, 1' 1 
ounces av., Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mash the 
Garlic t" a pumice in a mortar, pour the .Alcohol upon it and macerate for 
twenty-four hours in a covered vessel in a warm place; transfer to the water- 
hath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it sufficient Water to cover the 
drug, heat very moderately at once, and after one hour begin to percolate, 
adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until a 
pint of the fluid extract has passed. Although this fluid extract does not 



480 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



properly come in this class, it is placed here for want of a more convenient 
place. 

1576. Fluid Extract of Hydrastis, Purified — Fluid Hydrastis. — Hy- 
drastis in No. 50 powder 1673 ounces aw, Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, Alcohol, 
Water, each a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder with 8 ounces of 
Alcohol, and pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of 
Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat very moderately 
and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and con- 
tinuing the heat and percolation until it is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol 
from the percolate until it is reduced to a soft extract. To this add the 
Glycerin and 6 ounces of Water, and agitate ; then filter and add through 
the filter enough Water to make a pint of the fluid extract. The resinous 
matter remains on the filter. This makes a preparation similar to " Fluid 
Hydrastis," containing the valuable principles of the drug which are soluble 
in an aqueous menstruum, and omitting the objectionable ones that are 
obtained when Water or Alcohol alone is used as a menstruum. 

1577. Fluid Extract Ignatia Bean. — Ignatia Bean in No. 60 powder 
1654 ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. This Fluid Ex- 
tract is made with the same menstruum and in precisely the same manner as 
Fluid Extract of Nux Vomica, which see. 

1578. Fluid Extract of Senna, Alcoholized — Purified Fluid Extract 
of Senna. — Senna in No. 20 powder 16% ounces av., Alcohol, Water, each a 
sufficient quantity. Pack the Senna moderately in the water-bath percolator, 
pour upon it enough Alcohol to saturate and cover it and set in a warm place 
for twenty-four hours ; then heat very moderately and after one hour begin to 
percolate, adding a pint and a half of Alcohol to the drug and continuing the per- 
colation until it will no longer drop. [The object of this proceeding is to remove 
from the Senna the principles which cause it to " gripe " when taken. The 
Alcohol which is used may be distilled.] Then pour Water upon the Senna 
and percolate until exhausted. Reserve the first 12 fl. ounces that pass, evap- 
porate the remainder to 4 fl. ounces and add to the reserved portion to make 
a pint of the Purified Fluid Extract. 

1579. Fluid Extract Vanilla— [One half strength.] — Vanilla 8 ounces 
av., Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. Mix three measures of Alco- 
hol with two measures of Water, and having cut the Vanilla in fine pieces 
and reduced it to a coarse powder by thoroughly beating in a mortar, moisten 
it with 6 ounces of the menstruum, pack firmly in ihe water-bath percolator, 
pour upon it 10 ounces of menstruum and set in a warm place for seven 
days ; then heat moderately and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, 
adding menstruum to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 
\\Yz fl.ounces have passed, which reserve. Continue the percolation with 
the menstruum until the drug is exhaused, then distill the Alcohol from this 
last portion, evaporate the residue to a soft extract, add to the reserved por- 
tion, and afterward sufficient menstruum to make a pint of the fluid extract. 
After standing a few days filter through muslin. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 481 

It will be observed that this is but half the strength of ordinary fluid 
extracts. It is thus made because a fluid extract of full strength cannot be 
obtained without impairing the flavor of the preparation by the heat required 
to evaporate it. 

To make Flavoring Extract of Vanilla from this Fluid Extract, use from i 
to 2 fl. ounces, with enough Alcohol and Water mixed in the proportion of three 
measures of Alcohol to two of Water to make a pint. 

To make Tincture of Vanilla, U. S., 1880, use 3 ounces of this fluid extract 
with enough Alcohol and Water, mixed as above, to make a pint. 

1580. Fluid Extract Wild Cherry, Detannated. — Mix 6 ounces freshly 
precipitated, washed, moist, Hydrated Peroxide of Iron (Ferric Hydrate) 
with a pint of Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry and allow to stand for four days, 
shaking frequently ; then filter, adding through the filter enough Diluted 
Alcohol to make the measure a pint. 

If the filtered extract still shows traces of tannin, when tested with Tincture 
of Chloride of Iron, add an ounce more of the moist Ferric Hydrate and pro- 
ceed as before until it is detannated. 



Compound Fluid Extracts. 

Under this heading are included all fluid extracts that are 
made from two or more powdered drugs combined. As only 
two of them are official, they are called by their ordinary 
commercial or trade names as they are known and quoted in 
the market. 

Compound fluid extracts may be conveniently made by 
mixing the fluid extracts of the drugs which compose them 
in the same proportion as they are directed to be used in the 
formulas. The prescribing and use of compound fluid 
extracts should be discouraged, for the reason that there is 
no official standard for them, and as made by different manu- 
facturers they represent varying proportions of the drugs 
composing them, and are therefore indefinite. 

The following formulae contain the essential directions for 
making the fluid extracts, but detailed formulas are given in 
full in FENNER'S WORKING FORMUL E : 

1581. Fluid Extract Blackberry Compound.— Blackberry Root 12 ' 2 
ounces av., Cinnamon 2 ounces av., Nutmeg, Coriander, each 1 ounce av., 
all in No. 40 powder, Glycerin 2 flounces, Alcohol 2, Water 1. a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (l22l). 



482 EXTRACTA FLl'IDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 

1582. Fluid Extract Black Cohosh Compound.— Black Cohosh in No. 
40 powder, 6 ounces aw, Wild Cherry in No. 20 powder 4 ounces aw, 
Liquorice Root in No. 30 powder 4 ounces aw, Ipecac, Senega, each, in No. 
40 powder, 1 ounce aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a 
pint of fluid extract as directed (1221 ). 

1583. Fluid Extract Blue Cohosh Compound. — Blue Cohosh in No. 40 
powder %% ounces aw, Cramp Bark in No. 30 powder 3 ounces aw, Unicorn 
Root in No. 40 powder 3 ounces aw, Celery Root in No. 40 powder, 2 ounces 
aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract 
as directed ( 1221). 

1584. Fluid Extract of Buchu and Juniper with Acetate of Potassium. 
■ — Buchu Leaves in No. 40 powder 8 ounces aw, Juniper Berries in No. 40 
powder 4 ounces aw, Acetate of Potassium 5 ounces aw, Alcohol 2, Water 1. 
a sufficient quantity. Make 13 ounces of fluid extract from the Buchu and 
Juniper and add the Acetate of Potassium. 

1585. Fluid Extract Buchu and Pareira Brava. — Buchu Leaves in 
No. 40 powder, Pareira Brava in No. 50 powder, each 8 ounces aw, Alcohol 
2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed 
(1221). 

1586. Fluid Extract Buchu Compound. — Buchu Leaves, Juniper 
Berries, Cubebs, Uva Ursi, each in No. 50 powder 4 ounces aw, Alcohol a 
sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1587.— Fluid Extract of Cardamom Compound.— Cardamom, Cinna- 
mon, each 6 l / 2 ounces aw, Caraway 2 ounces aw, Cochineal i l /z ounce aw. 
all in No. 50 powder, Alcohol 3, Water i, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint 
of fluid extract as directed (1189). 

1588. Fluid Extract Chinchona Aromatic. — Cinchona Bark S}4 ounces 
aw, Cinnamon 3 ounces aw, Nutmeg, Bitter Orange, each 2 ounces aw, all 
in No. 50 powder, Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1189). 

1589. Fluid Extract Cinchona Compound. — Red Cinchona Bark in 
No. 50 powder 8}4 ounces aw, Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder 6% 
ounces aw, Serpentaria in No. 50 powder 1% ounces aw, Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, 
Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 
directed (1 189). 

1590. Fluid Extract Colocynth Compound.— Purified Aloes, Colocynth 
Pulp, each in coarse powder 6j4 ounces aw, Liquorice Root in coarse pow- 
der, Resin of Scammony, Cardamom Seed, each in fine powder 1 ounce aw, 
Carbonate of Potassium l / 2 ounce aw, Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quan- 
tity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1189). 

1591. Fluid Extract Dandelion and Rhubarb.— Dandelion, Rhubarb, 
each in No. 20 powder 8'^ ounces aw, Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 483 

1592. Fluid Extract Dandelion and Senna. — Dandelion, Senna, each 
in No. 20 powder 8y< ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1593. Fluid Extract Dandelion Compound. — Dandelion in No. 20 
powder 14% ounces av., Mandrake in No. 40 powder, Conium Leaves in 
No. 30 powder, each 1 ounce av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1594. — Fluid Extract Gentian Compound. — Gentian in No. 20 powder 
10 ounces av.. Bitter Orange Peel in No. 20 powder 4 ounces av., Cardamom 
in No. 50 powder 2% ounces av., Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1 189). 

I 595- Fluid Extract of Grindelia Compound. — Grindelia Robusta in 
No. 30 powder 8% ounces av., Jaborandi in No. 30 powder 4 ounces av., 
Cubeb in No. 40 powder, Conium Leaves in No. 30 powder, each 2 ounces 
av.. Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed 
(1069). 

1596. Fluid Extract Helonias Compound. — Helonias in No. 40 powder 
9 ounces av., Buchu, Gentian, Golden Seal, each in No. 30 powder 2)4 ounces 
av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract 
as directed (1221). 

I S97- Fluid Extract Hoarhound Compound. — Hoarhound in No. 20 
powder, Red Root, Elecampane, Spikenard, Comfrey, Wild Cherry, Blood- 
root, each in No. 30 powder 234 ounces av., Alcohol 3, Water 2, a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1598. Fluid Extract Ipecac and Senega.— Ipecac, Senega, each in No. 
50 powder 8> 3 ' ourices av., Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Make a 
pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1599. Fluid Extract Jalap and Rhubarb.— Jalap in No. 40 powder, 
Rhubarb in No. 20 powder each 8)4 ounce av., Carbonate of Potassium )4 
ounce av , Alcohol 3, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid 
extract as directed 189J. 

1600. Fluid Extract Jalap and Senna. Jalap in No. 40 powder, Senna 
in No. 30 powder, each 8*4 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed ( 1221 >. 

1601. Fluid Extract of Liquorice Compound — /vv Quinine Mixtures. 
Liquorice Knot 7 ounces av.. Wild Cherry 6 ounces av., Anise, Coriander, 

Caraway, each 1 ounce av.. all in No. 30 powder, Alcohol 3 tl.ounces, Water, 
Sufficient to make 13 tl.ounces of aqueous fluid extract, and add the Alcohol. 

1602. Fluid Extract Lobelia Compound.— Lobelia Herb in No. 30 
powder, Bloodroot, Skunk Cabbage in No. 40 powder, each $)4 ounces av., 
Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 

directed IIJ2II. 



484 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 

1603. Fluid Extract of Mandrake Compound.— Mandrake in No. 50 
powder, Leptandra in No. 40 powder, Senna in No. 30 powder, each 5 ounces 
av., Canella in No. 40 powder 1% ounce av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1604. Fluid Extract of Matico Compound.— Matico, Buchu, Cubeb, 
each in No. 40 powder, $}4 ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Make 
a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1605. Fluid Extract Mitchella Compound.— Mitchella (Squaw Vine) 
9>£ ounces av., Helonias Root, Blue Cohosh, each 1%. ounces av., Cramp 
Bark 2 ounces av., all in No. 40 powder, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1606. Fluid Extract Pink Root and Senna. — Pink Root in No. 40 
powder 9^3 ounces av., Senna in No. 30 powder 5^ ounces av., Caraway, 
Anise, each in No. 50 powder 1 ounce av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient quan- 
tity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1607. Fluid Extract Poke Root Compound.— Poke Root (Phytolacca), 
Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga), each in No. 40 powder, 6% ounces av., Prickly- 
Ash Berries, Juniper Berries, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Alcohol, a 
sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1069). 

1608. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb and Senna.— Rhubarb in No. 20 pow- 
der 10 ounces av., Senna in No. 20 powder 3 ounces av., Coriander, Fennel 
and Liquorice, each in No. 50 powder, \% ounce av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a 
sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1609. Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, Aromatic. — Rhubarb in No. 20 pow- 
der 10^ ounces av., Cloves, Cinnamon, each in No. 50 powder 2 ounces av., 
Nutmeg in No. 50 powder 1 ounce av., Carbonate of Potassium x / 2 ounce av., 
Alcohol 3. Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as 
directed (1069). 

1610. Fluid Extract of Rumex Compound.— Compound Fluid Extract 
of Yellow Dock. — Yellow Dock Root in No. 20 powder 8}^ ounces av., False 
Bitter-Sweet Bark in No. 30 powder 4^ ounces av., American Ivy Bark, 
Figwort, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

161 1. Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla and Dandelion.— Sarsaparilla, Dan- 
delion, each in No. 30 powder, 8}<, ounces av., Diluted Alcohol a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1330). 

1612. Extractum Sarsaparillae Compositum Fluidum, U. S. — Com- 
pound Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. — Sarsaparilla in No. 30 powder \2% 
ounces av., Liquorice Root in No. 30 powder 2 ounces av., Sassafras Bark in 
No. 30 powder 1 % ounces av., Mezereum in No. 30 powder l / 2 ounce av., 
Glycerin 1 % fl.ounce, Alcohol, Water, each a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
Glycerin with 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 10 fl. ounces of Water, and having 
moistened the mixed powders with 8 ounces of the mixture, macerate for 24 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 485 

hours in a close vessel ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
pour upon them the remainder of the mixture and set in a warm place for 
two days ; then heat very moderately and after one hour begin to percolate 
slowly, adding to the drugs, after the liquid has ceased to drop, Alcohol and 
Water mixed in the proportion of one part of Alcohol to two parts of Water, 
and continuing the heat and percolation until the drugs are exhausted. Re- 
serve the first 13 fl. ounces that pass, evaporate the remainder to a soft extract, 
which dissolve in the reserved portion, and add enough of the menstruum last 
used to make a pint of the fluid extract. Lastly, after standing a few days 
filter through muslin. 

1613. Fluid Extract Skullcap Compound. — Skullcap in No. 20 powder 
6 2 /i ounces av., Cypripedium in No. 40 powder 4 ounces av., Hops, Wild 
Lettuce, each in No. 20 powder 3 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient 
quantity. Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221). 

1614. Fluid Extract Senna Compound. — Senna in No. 30 powder 8% 
ounces av., Rhubarb in No. 20 powder 4 ounces av., Jalap, Mandrake, each 
in No. 50 powder 2 ounces av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. 
Make a pint of fluid extract as directed (1221), 

1615. Fluid Extract Spikenard Compound — Compound Fhdd Extract 
of Ar alia. — Spikenard Root, Yellow Dock Root, Burdock Root, Guaiac 
Wood, Sassafras Bark, each in No. 20 powder iy z ounces av., Southern 
Prickly-Ash, Elder Flowers, Blue Flag Root, each in No. 30 powder 2 ounces 
av., diluted Alcohol a sufficient qnantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract as 
directed (1330). 

1616. Fluid Extract Squill, or Scilla Compound. — Squill in No. 20 pow- 
der, Senega in No. 40 powder, each 8^ ounces av., Water of Ammonia y z 
fl. ounce, Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid 
Extract as directed (1221), and add the Water of Ammonia. 

1617. Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound. — Stillingia, Turkey Corn, 
each 4 ounces av., Elder Flowers, Blue Flag, Pipsissewa, each 2 ounces av., 
Coriander Seed, Prickly-Ash Bark, each 1 ounce av., all in No. 30 powder, 
Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract as 
directed (1221). 

1618. Fluid Extract Wild Cherry Compound.— Wild Cherry in No. 20 
powder 8% ounces av., Hoarhound, Wild Lettuce, each in No. 20 powder 3 
ounces av., American Hellebore, Bloodroot, each in No. 40 powder 1 ounce 
av., Alcohol 2, Water 1, a sufficient quantity. Make a pint of Fluid Extract 
as directed (1221). 

Other Compound Fluid Extracts. — The foregoing formula? for Com- 
pound Fluid Extracts represent nearly all that are at present quoted by 
manufacturers, but other combinations will, no doubt, be added, and it is 
only necessary for the intelligent druggist to follow the data here given to 
prepare any Compound Fluid Extract that may be desired. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



Green Plant Fluid Extracts. 

Fluid Extracts prepared from recently gathered herbs, barks, 
flowers, roots, etc., have been extensively advertised by manu- 
facturing houses, and some of them are deservedly popular 
with physicians. Although they cannot have the same uni- 
formity of strength as Fluid Extracts prepared from dry drugs, 
yet many of them are stronger and better, especially such as 
depend for their medicinal value upon volatile principles, which 
would be lost by the process of drying. As there is no stand- 
ard of strength established for green plant Fluid Extracts 
except that the liquid shall be saturated with the medicinal 
properties of the drug, the following general formula, which 
is adapted for making all of them, is given. These Fluid 
Extracts are called by some manufacturers concentrated or 
specific tinctures : 



1619. General Formula for Green Plant 
Fluid Extracts. 

The fresh drug, cut, bruised, crushed, dessicated, or otherwise 
reduced to proper fineness for macerating and percolating, a 
convenient quantity, Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Having 
reduced the drug to the proper fineness, pack it in the water- 
bath percolator, pour sufficient Alcohol upon it to saturate 
and cover it, and set in a warm place for 2 days ; then heat 
very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate slowly, 
and continue until the liquid ceases to drop. Reserve this 
portion and continue the percolation with Alcohol until the 
drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol from this last portion 
until the residue is reduced to the consistence of thin syrup, 
which add to the reserved portion to complete the fluid 
extract. The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percola- 
tion may be recovered by distillation. The following are the 
drugs from which Green Plant Fluid Extracts are usually 
prepared. The * denotes that the drug should be macerated 
as soon as gathered, the + denotes that it should be partly 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



487 



dried before macerating, and the £ denotes that the recently 
gathered drug should be dried or nearly dried before making 
up. Herbs should be gathered when in flower, roots and 
barks in the autumn or early spring: 



No. 


LATIX NAME. 


COMMON NAME. 


PART USED. 

| 


1620 




Chinese Sumac 


Root bark, crushed, f 


1621 




Star Grass, Unicorn . . . 


1622 


Amygdalus Persica 


Common Peach 


Leaves, bruised. * 


1623 


Arum Triphvllum 


Indian or Wild Turnip. 


Cormus, mashed.* 


1624 


Asclepias Tuberosa 


Pleurisy or White Root. 


Root, crushed, f 


J 625 


Baptisia Tinctoria 


Wild Indigo 


Root, crushed, f 


1626 


Berberis Aquifolium 


Oregon Grape, 


Root, crushed. % 


1627 
1628 


Cimicifuga Racemosa. . . . 
Cactus Grandiflora 




Root, crushed, f 
Fresh flowers, bruis'd.* 


Fresh Plant, or 


1629 Cannabis Sativa 


American Hemp 


Plant, bruised. * 


1630 
1631 


Cereus Bonplandi 

Chelidonium Majus 






Garden Celandine 


Leaves, bruised. * 


1632 
1633 


Chionanthus Virginicus. . 
Collinsonia Canadensis. . . 




Bark, crushed. + 
Root, crushed. { 


Stone Root, Ox Balm. . 


1634 


Corydalis Formosa 


Turkey Corn or Pea . . . 


Root, crushed, \ 


1635 


Cypripedium Pubescens. . 


Lady's Slipper 


Root, cut and crushed. f 


1636 








1637 
1638 


Epilobium Paulustre 

Eridiction Glutinosum. . . 






Verba Santa 


Leaves, bruised. * 


1639 


Eryngium Aquaticum. . . . 


Water Eryngo 


Root, crushed. * 


1640 


Euonymus Atropurpureus 


Wahoo 


Bark, crushed. \ 


1641 


Euphorbia Ilipericifolia. . 


Large Spotted Spurge. . 


Leaves, bruised. * 


1642 


Frankenia Grandifolia . . . 


Verba Rheuma 


Plant, cut. 


1643 


Gelsemium Sempervirens. 


Yellow Jasmine 


Root, crushed, j 


1644 


Gossypium ... 


Cotton Root 


Bark, crushed. \ 


1645 


Gnndelia Robusta 




Herb, bruised. * 


1 640 








1647 


Helonias Diocia 






1648 


Iris Versicolor 


Blue Flag 




1649 


luglans Cineria 


Butternut 




1050 


Leptandra Virginica 


Culver's or Black Root. 


Root, crushed. \ 


1651 


Lobelia Inflata 


Lobelia 


Herb, bruised. * 


1652 


Lycopus Virginicus 

Macrotys Racemosa 

1 l.nuthera Biennis 






1653 
1654 




Root, crushed, f 
Plant, bruised. * 


Evening Primrose 


1655 


Penthorum Sedoides 


Virginia Stone Crop . . . 


Herb, bruised. * 


[656 


I'liyto'acca Deoandra. . . . 


Poke, Skoke or Garget. 


Root, crushed. | 


lb 5 7 


Polygonum Punctatum. . . 


Water Pepper 


I lerb, bruised. | 


1658 


I'olyinnia Uvedelia 


Bearsfoot, Leaf Cup. . . 


Root, bruised. * 


1659 


Populus Candicans 


Balm or Balsam Gilead. 


Buds, bruised. * 


idhl) 


I'telia Trifoliata 




Bark, crushed. | 
Leaves, bruised. |- 


1661 


Rhus Toxicodendon 


Poison Oak or Ivy 


1662 


Rhus Aromatica 


Aromatic Sumach 


Root bark, crushed. * 










1664 


Senecio Aureus 






Stillingia Sylvatica 


Stillingia, Oueen's Root 


Root, crushed. | 

Root, crushed. \ 


1661 Symplocarpus Fostidus. . . 


1 abbage 


[667 L'huja Oo identalis 

[668 V n. ,1111111 Viride 






American 1 Icllebore . . . 


Root, ci nshed. * 


[66g \ ibunura Prunifolium. . . . 


Black I law 


Root bark, crushed, f 



488 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



Acetic Fluid Extracts. 

A few Fluid Extracts made with Acetic Acid, instead of an 
Alcoholic menstruum, have some merit and reputation ; as they 
are all made by the same general formula and with the same 
menstruum it is unnecessary to repeat the formula for each. 



1670. General Formula for Acetic Fluid 
Extracts. 

To complete the formula for any Acetic Fluid Extract, 
substitute the name of the drug and the required fineness of 
powder in the following general formula : 

The Drug in No. powder, . . . 1673 ounces av. 

Acetic Acid, 16 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the powder with the Acetic Acid, and macerate in 
a closed earthenware, or glass vessel, for twenty-four hours ; 
transfer it to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour 
upon it a pint of water, and heat at once ; after one hour begin 
to percolate adding water to the drug and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 14 fl. ounces have passed, which re- 
serve. Turn off the heat and continue the percolation with 
Water until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the last portion 
to two fl. ounces and add to the reserved portion to make a 
pint of the Fluid Extract. After standing a few days filter 
through muslin. 

The following drugs are those from which Acetic Fluid 
Extracts are usually prepared. They may be made from any 
other drugs which yield their virtues to Acetic Acid. 



No. 



1671 
1672 
1673 
1674 
1675 



LATIN NAME. 

Digitalis 

Ergota 

Lobelia 

Sanguinaria 

Scilla 



COMMON NAME. 

Foxglove 

Ergot 

Indian Tobacco . . . 

Bloodroot 

Squill 



Part Used 

Leaves. . . 
Fungus . . 

Herb 

Root 

Bulb 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 489 



To make the 1870 Vinegars of these Fluid Extracts mix 
two fl. ounces with 14 fl. ounces of water. 

To make the 1880 Vinegars, mix 1% fl. ounces of these 
Extracts with enough water to make a pint. 

To make Syrup of Squill, mix 1 fl. ounce of the Acetic 
Fluid Extract of Squill with 15 fl. ounces of Syrup. 



Aqueous Fluid Extracts. 

In this class of Fluid Extracts are included all those in 
which water is mainly employed for extracting their medicinal 
virtues, and in which Alcohol would be objectionable, either 
as a menstruum, or for the uses required. In some, however, 
Alcohol is added as a preservative. 

But few Aqueous Fluid Extracts are used, but it is evident 
that a larger variety might be employed with advantage by 
the profession. Any drug which yields its medicinal value to 
water may very properly be exhibited in an Aqueous Fluid 
Extract, and the formulae which follow will be sufficiently ex- 
plicit for making any preparation of this kind that may be 
desired. 

Several Aqueous Fluid Extracts are given in the Br. P. 
under the name of Liquid Extracts 

1676. Fluid Extract Bael Fruit — Belce Fructus, Bengal Quince, sEgle 
Marmelos, Indian Bael. — Bael Fruit, cut in pieces, 16 ounces av., Water, 
12 pints, Alcohol, 3 fl.ounces. Put the Bael Fruit loosely in the water-bath 
percolator, pour upon it 4 pints of Water and macerate in a warm place for 
12 hours, then draw off the liquid by the stop-cock and reserve. Pour on 
the drug again 4 pints of Water, macerate for two hours and draw off as 
before. Mix the liquids, evaporate them by gentle heat to 14 fl.ounces, 
and after straining add 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol to preserve the extract and 
complete the measure. This is an astringent aromatic demulcent, officinal in 
the British Pharmacopoeia under the name Liquid Extract of Bael, but little 
used in this country. 

1677. Fluid Extract of Broom Tops, Aqueous — Sarotliamnus Scopa- 
rius. — Broom Tops, in No. 20 powder, 10- ( ounces av., Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the drug with 10 ounces of Water and 
macerate for 24 hours in a warm place ; then pack moderately in the water- 
bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water, heat moderately, and after 



490 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and continuing the 
heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the percolate 
to 10 fi.ounces, filter and add through the filter enough Water to make n 
fi.ounces, then add the Glycerin to make a pint of the tiuid extract. 

1678. Fluid Extract Cascara Sagrada, Aqueous — Rhamnus Pru- 
sJu'na. — Cascara Sagrada Bark in No. 30 powder 1673 ounces av., Glycerin 5 
fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Glycerin with a pint of 
Water and having moistened the powder with 10 ounces of the mixture, 
macerate for 24 hours in a warm place; then pack moderately in the water- 
bath percolator, pour upon it the remainder of the mixture, heat moderately, 
and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and con- 
tinuing the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the 
percolate, by means of a water-bath to a pint, and after standing a few days 
filter through muslin. The Br. P. directs Liquid Extract of Cascara 
Sagrada to be made by boiling 1 pound av. of the bark in successive quan- 
tities of Water till exhausted, then evaporating the strained liquors to 12 
ounces and adding 4 ounces Alcohol. A fluid extract of Cascara Sagrada 
is also made with Diluted Alcohol as a menstruum, but the Aqueous Extract 
seems to contain all the valuable medicinal properties of the drug. 

1679. Fluid Extract Golden Seal, Aqueous — Hydrastis without 
Alcohol. Fluid Hydrastis. — Golden Seal (Hydrastis) in No. 30 powder, 
1673 ounces av., Glycerin 6 fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
Glycerin with 10 ounces of Water, moisten the powder with 8 ounces of the 
mixture, and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place ; transfer to the water- 
bath percolator, pack moderately, pour the remainder of the liquid upon it 
and set in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately and after one 
hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 13 fi.ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off 
the heat and continue the percolation with Water until the drug is exhausted. 
Evaporate this last portion to 3 fi.ounces, which add to the reserved portion 
to make a pint of the fluid extract, and after standing a few days filter 
through muslin. 

1680. Fluid Extract Ipecac, Aqueous. — Ipecac in No. 30 powder 167/3 
ounces av., Glycerin 6 fi.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the 
powder with 12 ounces of Water and macerate for 24 hours, then pack 
moderately in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water and 
heat moderately at once. After one hour begin to percolate slowly, adding 
Water to the drug, and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 
exhausted. Evaporate the percolate to 10 fi.ounces, filter, and add enough 
Water through the filter to make 10 fi.ounces; then add the Glycerin to 
make a pint of the fluid extract. This formula makes a preparation which 
is essentially the same as the officinal fluid extract ; but it is much easier 
and less complicated to prepare. To make Syrup of Ipecac, mix 1 fl. ounce 
of this extract with 1 5 fi.ounces of Syrup. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 491 



1681. Fluid Extract Liquorice, Aqueous — For Quinine Mixtures, etc. 
— Liquorice Root in No. 20 powder 16^ ounces av., Glycerin 5 fl. ounces, 
Water of Ammonia 3 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Water 
of Ammonia with 8 ounces of Water, moisten the drug with the mixture 
and set in a warm place for one day, then pack moderately in the water-bath 
percolator, pour upon it a pint of Water, heat at once, and after one hour 
begin to percolate slowly, adding Water and continuing the heat and perco- 
lation until the drug is exhausted. Reserve the first y 2 pint that passes, 
evaporate the remainder to 3 fl.ounces ; mix it with the reserved portion, 
and add the Glycerin to make a pint of fluid extract. After standing a few 
days filter through muslin. This is an excellent adjuvant for quinine and 
other bitter medicines. Liquid Extract of Liquorice of the Br. P. is made 
by exhausting 1 pound av. of Liquorice Root with Water by successive 
maceration and pressures, straining the liquors, evaporating to a sp. gr. of 
1. 1 60 when cold, and adding l /o of its volume of rectified spirit. 

To make Elixir of Liquorice for quinine mixtures, mix two fl.ounces of 
this Fluid Extract with six fl.ounces of Syrup of Wild Cherry and half a 
pint of simple elixir. To make Syrup of Liquorice, mix two fl.ounces of 
the Fluid Extract with 14 fl.ounces of Syrup. 

1682. Fluid Extract of Opium, Aqueous. — Powdered Opium, 4 ounces av., 
Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Pour 8 ounces of Boiling 
Water upon the Opium, and after macerating for 2 hours, having covered 
the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a coarse piece of 
muslin, pour the mixture upon it, heat to about 185 F. and begin to perco- 
late, adding Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 
the drug is exhausted. Evaporate the percolate by means of a water-bath 
until it is reduced to 10 fl.ounces, filter and add enough Water through 
the filter to make the measure 1 1 fl.ounces, then add the Glycerin to make 
a pint of the Fluid Extract. Each minim of this Extract represents about % 
grain ( >pium. Manufacturers have no definite standard for Fluid Extract 
Of < >pium, many of them making it only the same strength as the Tincture. 

The Br. P. directs Liquid Extract of Opium to be made so that the fin- 
ished product shall contain 5 per cent, of Opium. 

1683. Fluid Extract Senega, Aqueous — For making Syrup of Senega. 
-Senega Root in No. 20 powder, 167^ ouncesav., Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water 
of Ammonia, }{ fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Moisten the powder 
with 10 ounces of Water and macerate for 24 hours, then pack moderately in 
the water-bath percolator; pour upon it a pint of Water, heat very moder- 
ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and 
continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is exhausted. Evaporate 
the percolate to 10 fl.ounces, add the Ammonia and strain through muslin, 
adding through the strainer enough Water to make the measure 11 
fl.ounces, and then add the Glycerin to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 
In evaporating this Extract quite ;i precipitate of albuminous and starchy 
matter is formed ; when the Water of Ammonia is added the valuable pot- 



492 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



tion of this precipitate, Polygalic Acid, is dissolved, and the remainder, 
which is worthless, is retained on the filter. 

To make Syrup of Senega mix 2 rl.ounces of this Extract with 14 fl.ounces 
of Syrup. 

1684. Fluid Extract Senna, Aqueous. — Senna, in No. 12 powder, 16^ 
ounces aw, Glycerin, 5 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient quantity. Pour upon 
the Senna 4 pints of hot Water and steep with gentle heat for two hours, 
pour off the Liquid, press the drug gently, and reserve the liquid ; pour two 
pints more of hot water upon it, steep for half an hour, pour off and press as 
before, adding the liquid to the reserved portion. Again pour on two pints 
of Water, steep, pour off and press as before, adding the liquid to the re- 
served portion. Evaporate the liquid to 10 fl.ounces, strain, add through the 
strainer enough Water to make 1 1 fl.ounces, and then add the Glycerin to 
make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 

Aqueous Fluid Extract of Senna does not "gripe " as does that made with 
a partly Alcoholic menstruum. Senna leaves may be percolated first with 
Alcohol, to remove the principles which produce griping, and a fluid extract 
may then be made with Water or Diluted Alcohol, in the ordinary manner. 



Etherial Fluid Extracts. 

Among the first Fluid Extracts that were officinal in the 
U. S. were a number of preparations made with ether as a men- 
struum that are now classed as oleoresins. Manufacturers 
have furnished several Etherial Fluid Extracts which have had 
more or less reputation, but none are now official and they 
are rapidly going out of use, mainly because ether is an unstable 
and disagreeable vehicle for the exhibition, of medicine. As 
Etherial Fluid Extracts may, however, be required, we give 
the following : 

1685. General Formula for Etherial Fluid 
Extracts. 

To complete the formula for any Fluid Extract in this class 
put the name of the drug and the fineness of powder required 
in the following formula : 

The Drug, in No. powder,. . . 167^ ounces av. 
Ether, ) 



Alcohol, \ 



each, a sufficient quantity. 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 493 



Moisten the powder with from 6 to 8 fl. ounces of the Ether 
and pack quickly and firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour 
upon it sufficient Ether to saturate and barely cover the drug, 
and, having covered closely, set in a warm place for two days, 
then pour hot Water in the water-bath surrounding the per- 
colator, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alco- 
hol to the drug and continuing the percolation until the drug 
is exhausted. Reserve the first 14 fl. ounces that pass, evapo- 
rate the remainder by distillation to 2 fl. ounces and add to 
the reserved portion. 

The Alcohol remaining in the drug may be recovered by 
distillation. 

The following drugs are those from which Etherial Fluid 
Extracts are usually prepared. They may be made from any 
other drugs which contain Oleoresins or principles best soluble 
in Ether. 



No. 


LATIX NAME. COMMON NAME. 


Part Used. 


Powder 
No. 


1686 




Whole fly . 


60 


1687 
1638 
1689 






60 


Digitalis Digitalis or Foxglove. . . 

Ergota Ergot 


Leaves 

Fungus 


60 
60 



Fluid Extracts of Gums, Resins, Etc. 

Liquid Extracts. 

This class of preparations (which are not in fact Fluid 
Extracts as the term is generally applied, but which might 
much more properly be called Liquid Extracts) seem superflu- 
ous, ;m<l would not here be given but for the reason that they 
are quoted and supplied by many manufacturers and will there- 
fore be demanded by many druggists. 

They are seldom used except to prepare tinctures or other 
preparations which would be much better made from the sub- 
stances themselves. They generally represent about 50 per 
cent, of the drug from which they are prepared, although it 
cannot be said for all of them that they represent as much as 
is claimed for them. 

1690. Fluid Extract of Aloes —I./i/ii id Extract of Aloes. — Socotrine 
Aloes in No. 50 powder <S ■ j ounces aw. diluted Alcohol a sufficient quantity. 



494 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



Mix the Aloes with 10 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and heat moderately in 
a tightly-stopped, wide-mouth bottle on a water-bath, for three hours ; then 
strain through muslin and add enough diluted Alcohol through the strainer to 
make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 

To make the 1880 U. S. tincture, mix 3 fl.ounces each of the Fluid Extract 
of Aloes and the Fluid Extract of Liquorice Extract with 10 fl.ounces of 
diluted Alcohol. 

1691. Fluid Extract Aloes and Myrrh —Liquid Extract of Aloes and 
Myrrh. — Socotrine Aloes in No. 50 powder 4 ounces aw, Myrrh in No. 50 
powder 4 ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Mix the powders with 1 2 
fl.ounces of Alcohol and macerate them for seven days in a warm place, then 
heat moderately on a water-bath for two hours and strain through muslin, 
adding through the strainer enough Alcohol to make a pint of the Fluid 
Extract. 

To make Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh mix 6 fl.ounces of this Extract 
with 10 fl.ounces of Alcohol. 

1692. Fluid Extract Asafetida — Liquid Extract of Asafctida. — Asa- 
fetida in coarse powder 8>< ounces av., Alcohol a sufficient quantity. Mix 
the Asafetida with an equal bulk of rice chaff and pack moderately in the 
water-bath percolator ; pour upon it sufficient Alcohol to saturate and cover 
the drugs, and set in a warm place for seven days ; then heat very moder- 
ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and 
continuing the heat and percolation until a pint of the Fluid Extract has 
passed. This preparation seems entirely unnecessary, and would not be 
given here except that several manufacturers quote such a Fluid Extract for 
making Tincture of Asafetida. 

To make Tincture of Asafetida mix 5^ fl.ounces with 11 fl.ounces of 
Alcohol. 

1693. Fluid Extract Benzoin — Liquid Extract of Benzoin. — Benzoin 
in No. 50 powder, 8J/3 ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
powder with a pint of Alcohol and macerate in a warm place for 3 days, 
then, having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator 
with a piece of coarse muslin or burlap, pour the mixture upon it, heat mod- 
erately for two hours ; then begin to percolate slowly, adding Alcohol to the 
drug after the percolate has ceased to drop, and continuing the heat and per- 
colation until a pint of the Fluid Extract is obtained. 

To make Tincture of Benzoin mix 6 fl.ounces of this Fluid Extract with 
10 fl.ounces of Alcohol. 

1694. Fluid Extract Benzoin Compound — Liquid Extract of Benzoin 
Compound. — Benzoin, in No. 50 powder, 6^ ounces av., Purified Aloes. No. 
50 powder, 1 ounce av., Storax, \ x / 2 ounces av., Balsam Tolu, 2% ounces av., 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the gums with a pint of Alcohol and 
macerate in a warm place for 3 days, then, having covered the perforated 
diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a piece of coarse muslin or bur- 
lap, pour the mixture upon it, heat moderately for two hours ; then begin to 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 495 

percolate, adding Alcohol to the drugs when the percolate has ceased to 
drop, and continuing the heat and percolation until a pint of the Fluid Ex- 
tract is obtained. 

To make Compound Tincture of Benzoin mix 4 fl. ounces of this Fluid 
Extract with 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol. 

1695. Fluid Extract of Catechu — Liquid Extract of Catechu. — Cate- 
chu, in coarse powder, %y$ ounces av., Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces, Water, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Mix the Catechu with a pint of Water, and heat it on a 
water-bath until the Catechu is dissolved ; strain through coarse muslin and 
evaporate the liquid to 12 fl. ounces; when cool add the Alcohol, strain 
through muslin and add enough Water through the strainer to make a pint 
of the Fluid Extract. 

To make Compound Tincture of Catechu mix 3^ fl. ounces of this Ex- 
tract with t-Yt. fl. ounces of Fluid Extract of Cinnamon and enough Diluted 
Alcohol to make a pint. 

1696. Fluid Extract of Guaiac — Liquid Extract of Guaiac. — Guaiac 
Resin, in coarse powder, 8 ';{ ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix 
the Guaiac with 12 ti. ounces of Alcohol in a wide mouth bottle, and heat 
moderately on a water-bath for 3 hours, then strain through muslin ; add 
enough Alcohol through the strainer to make a pint of the Fluid Extract. 

To make the Tincture, mix 5^ flounces with 10;^ fl. ounces of Alcohol. 

1697. Fluid Extract Kino — Liquid Extract of Kino. — Kino in No, 40 
powder, 6 ounces av., Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces, Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the Glycerin with 8 fi.ounces of Alcohol and, having mixed the Kino 
with the liquid in a wide mouth bottle, stop tightly, and heat gently on a 
water-bath until the Kino is dissolved, then strain through muslin and add 
through the strainer enough Alcohol to make the measure a pint. 

Two fi.ounces of this Extract mixed with 1 1 fl ounces of Alcohol and 
3 11. ounces of Water makes the officinal tincture. 

1698. Fluid Extract Liquorice Extract — Liquid Extract of Liquorice. 
— Extract Liquorice, in No. 50 powder, 8 ounces av., Alcohol, 4 fi.ounces, 
Water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Liquorice with a pint of Water and 
heat it on a water-bath until the Liquorice is dissolved : strain through 
muslin and evaporate to 12 11. ounces; when cool add the Alcohol; strain 
through muslin, and add through the strainer enough Water to make a 
pint of the fluid extract. 

1699. Fluid Extract Myrrh — /./'quid Extract of Myrrh. — Myrrh in 
moderately fine powder 8^ ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix 
the Myrrh with an equal bulk of rice chaff, pack it moderately in the water- 
bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol and set in a warm place for 
seven days ; then heat very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate 
slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
until 14 11. ounces have passed, which reserve. Turn off the heat and con- 
tinue the percolation with Alcohol until the drug is exhausted. Distill the 
Alcohol from this last portion until only two ounces remain, which add to 



496 EXTRACTA FLUIDA — FLUID EXTRACTS. 



the reserved portion to make a pint of fluid extract. To make Tincture of 
Myrrh, mix $% fl. ounces of this fluid extract with enough Alcohol to make 
a pint. 

1700. Fluid Extract Opium — Liquid Extract of Opium. — Opium in 
coarse powder 4 ounces aw, Alcohol 8 fl. ounces, Water 8 fl. ounces, Diluted 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Opium with half a pint of Water, 
and having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator 
with a piece of burlap pour the mixture upon it and set in a warm place for 
two days, then heat to about So C. ( 176 F.) for four hours, add half a pint 
of Alcohol, and after half an hour begin to percolate, adding Diluted Alcohol 
to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 14 fl.ounces have 
passed, which reserve. Continue the percolation with Diluted Alcohol until 
the drug is exhausted. Distill the Alcohol ()4 the measure) from this last 
portion and evaporate the residue to a soft extract, which dissolve in the 
reserved portion and add enough Diluted Alcohol to make a pint of the fluid 
extract. To make Tincture Opium, U. S., 1870, mix $% fl.ounces of this 
fluid extract with enough Diluted Alcohol to make a pint. To make Tincture 
Opium, U. S., 1880, mix b% fl.ounces of this fluid extract with enough 
Diluted Alcohol to make a pint. There is no particular standard among 
manufacturers for making this fluid extract, many of them making it of the 
same strength as Tincture of Opium. We have adopted this standard 
because it seems best adapted to the wants and uses of druggists. Four 
minims represents a grain of Opium. 

1701. Fluid Extract of Opium, Deodorized — Liquid Extract of 
Opium, Deodorized. — Opium in coarse powder 4 ounces av., Gasoline 
(Petroleum Ether), 8 fl.ounces, Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces, Water, a sufficient 
quantity. Mix the Opium with a pint of Water, and having covered the 
perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with a piece of burlap 
pour the mixture upon it and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat 
to about 85° C. (185 F.) for four hours, and begin to percolate, adding 
Water to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until the drug is 
exhausted. Evaporate the percolate to half a pint, and when cool mix with 
it, in a quart bottle, half a pint of Gasoline, and agitate them frequently 
during 24 hours ; then filter the mixture through a calico strainer, without 
pressure, and afterward pour the Gasoline from the purified solution ; evapo- 
rate by water-bath until no odor of Gasoline remains ; filter, and add to the 
filtrate 4 fl.ounces of Alcohol and enough Water to make a pint of the 
fluid extract. To make the 1870 strength Deodorized Tincture of Opium, 
mix 5>£ fl.ounces of this fluid extract with 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol and 
enough Water to make a pint. To make the 1880 Tincture, mix 6^ 
fl.ounces of this fluid extract with 3 fl.ounces of Alcohol and enough Water 
to make a pint. 

1702. Fluid Extract Opium, Camphorated — Concentrated Extract of 
Paregoric. — Powdered Opium 1 ounce av., Benzoic Acid 1 ounce av., Cam- 
phor % ounce av., Oil of Anise 1 fl.ounce, Alcohol 12 fl.ounces, Water, a 



EXTRACTA FLUIDA. FEL BOVIS. 497 

sufficient quantity. Macerate the Powdered Opium with 2 ounces of hot 
Water for two hours. Dissolve the Benzoic Acid, Camphor and Oil of Anise 
in the Alcohol, and having mixed the solution with the pulpy Opium mass, 
macerate it for seven days, then filter through paper, adding enough Alcohol 
through the filter to make a pint of the fluid extract. 

To make Paregoric, mix 1 fl. ounce of this Extract, 1 fl.ounce of Glycerin, 
and 14 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol. This may be colored by adding to it 
half a fl. drachm of fluid extract of Liquorice Extract. 

1703. Fluid Extract Tolu — Liquid Extract of Tolu. — Balsam of Tolu 
8 y 3 ounces av., Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Mix the Balsam with 8 ounces 
of Alcohol in a wide mouth bottle, and, having stopped it tightly, heat on a 
water-bath until the Balsam is dissolved ; then strain through muslin and add 
enough Alcohol through the strainer to make a pint of the fluid extract. 

To make the 1870 Tincture of Tolu, mix 3X fl. ounces of this extract with 
enough Alcohol to make a pint. 

To make the 1880 Tincture, mix 2^ ounces with enough Alcohol to make 
a pint. 



FEL BOVIS — OX-GALL. 

Ox-gall is the fresh fluid obtained from the gall bladder of 
Bos Taurus. In domestic medicine and the treatment of do- 
mestic animals, it is considerably used as an ingredient of lini- 
ments and lotions. In pharmacy it is used to prepare more 
permanent preparations of Ox-gall, which are as follows, the 
first two being official in the U. S. 

1704. Fel Bovis Inspissatum — Inspissated Ox-gall. — Made by heating 
fresh Ox-gall 100 parts or 10 ounces to a temperature not exceeding 8o°C. 
(i76°F.), straining through muslin, and evaporating the strained liquid on a 
water-bath to 1 5 parts, or 1 y 2 ounce. This is chiefly used as an ingredient 
in pills. The dose is 5 to 15 grains. 

1705. Fel Bovis Purificatus — Purified Ox-gall. — Made by evaporating 
3 parts or 16 tl.ounces of fresh Ox-gall on a water-bath to 1 part or s l A 
fl. ounces ; then adding 1 part or 6 fl. ounces, agitating, and setting aside for 
24 hours, then decanting and filtering, distilling off the alcohol and evapo- 
rating the residue to pilular consistence. The uses and dose are the same 
as the preceding. 

1706. Fel Bovis Preparatus — Prepared Ox-gall. — The liquid Ox-gall 
is frequently required in liniments, and, as the fresh < >x-gall will not keep, the 
following formula for a permanent liquid preparation is presented : 

Ox-gall, fresh, 16 fl. ounces ; Alcohol, 5 fl. ounces ; evaporate the Ox-gall at 
a temperature not exceeding 80' C. (176 V.) to 12 tl.ounces; add the Alcohol, 
allow to stand 24 hours, ami decant the clear liquid. 



498 FERMENTUM — YEAST. FERRUM— IRON. 



1707. FERMENTUM — YEAST. 

The ferment obtained in brewing beer and by various other 
processes is a vegetable growth [Cerevisice Fermentum), which 
varies somewhat with the substance in which it is developed. 
It appears as a foam or froth upon the surface of the ferment- 
ing liquid, and is instrumental in converting the sugar of the 
solution into alcohol with the evolution of C0 3 . It may be 
cultivated by the addition of a little yeast to any saccharine 
solution. It is used in medicine as a poultice for gangrene 
and ulcers and is given in diabetes. In the form of Vienna 
Yeast, which is prepared by fermenting an infusion of maize 
and rye with barley malt, and preserved in various other forms,, 
it is a well known article of household use. 



FERRUM — IRON. 

Symbol, Fe ; Atomic weight, 55.9: Sp. gr. 7.84. 

Iron is the most useful, abundant, and widely distributed of 
the metals, and in pharmacy, as well as in the arts, holds the 
first place for utility and value. 

It occurs in nature in the form of ores, and is only prepared 
in metallic form on a large scale. It melts at about 3300 F. 
Heated with carbon it forms steel. It combines chemically 
with all the non-metals except hydrogen and nitrogen, and 
with most of the metals and the acids, forming a great variety 
of important salts. 

In the metallic state Iron is employed in pharmacy in the 
form of fine bright annealed iron wire, which is chosen on 
account of its purity and cheapness. Reduced Iron in the form 
of powder is also employed for some purposes. In manufac- 
turing chemicals in a large way coarser iron is used and the 
salts obtained purified by various means. Iron is the base of 
two important series of salts, ferrous and ferric, in the former 
acting as a dyad and in the latter as a hexad. 

Ferrum Pulveratum — Poivdered Iron — is official in the 
G. P. and is considerably used in European countries. It is 



FERRUM — IRON. 499 



made from good cast iron and contains some carbon. It is 
known as Limatura Martis Prceparata. 

The following are the official Iron salts : 

1708. Ferrum Redactum. 

Reduced Iron. 

Sub-carbonate of Iron is first thoroughly washed with water 
until freed from all traces of sulphate of sodium, then cal- 
cined until free from moisture, and placed in a reduction tube 
heated to. dull redness, through which a current of purified 
hydrogen gas is made to pass for from 5 to 8 hours, or until 
the oxygen of the iron salt has completely combined with the 
hydrogen and escaped in the form of steam, leaving the re- 
duced metallic iron in the form of a fine grayish powder. 

Uses. — Reduced Iron or Quevenne 's Iron by Hydrogen, as it 
is frequently called, is used in pharmacy for making pills, 
lozenges, etc., and may be used instead of iron-wire for making 
fine preparations, but is too expensive for general use. The 
dose is from 2 to 5 grains. 

1709. Ferri Arsenias, Br. 

Arseniate of Iron. 

This is prepared according to the Br. P., by dissolving 20^ 
ounces av. of Sulphate of Iron in about one gallon of water, 
and 15^ ounces av. of Arseniate of Sodium, dried at 300 F., 
in about 6 pints of water, mixing the solutions and adding to 
the mixture 4^ ounces av. of Bicarbonate of Sodium dissolved 
in a little distilled water. The mixture is then thoroughly 
stirred and the precipitate allowed to settle, and washed as is 
directed for washing precipitates (page 44), until the washings 
show no reaction with a dilute solution of chloride of barium. 
The precipitate is then collected, drained, squeezed, and dried 
• Hi porous bricks in a warm-air chamber, at a temperature not 
ding ioo° F. 

Uses. This salt is used as an alterative chalybeate, in 

doses of ,',; to ' j grain. 



500 FERRUM — IRON. 



1710. Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus. 

Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. 

This salt is official in the U. S., Br., and G. Pharmacopoeias, 
the method of preparing being slightly different in each, but 
the resulting preparation being about the same. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Sulphate of Iron, .... 10 parts or 10 ounces. 
Bicarbonate of Sodium, . . 7 parts or 7 ounces. 
Sugar, in fine powder, ... 16 parts or 16 ounces. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

The Sulphate of Iron is to be dissolved in 40 fl. ounces of 
hot distilled Water, and the Bicarbonate of Sodium in about 6 
pints of warm distilled Water. The solutions are to be filtered 
separately while hot, and the Iron solution gradually added to 
the solution of Soda, and the resultant precipitate washed 
with boiling distilled Water as directed (page 44), until the 
washings give no reaction with test solution Chloride of Bar- 
ium. The precipitate is then to be collected, drained quickly 
and pressed, and mixed with the sugar in a porcelain capsule, 
then evaporated by means of a water-bath to dryness, reduced 
to powder, and kept in small, well-stopped vials. 

It contains about ten per cent, of Iron. 

This should not be mistaken for the Snbcarbonate of Iron, 
also called Carbonate of Iron, which was formerly official. 

Uses. — This salt is used as an Iron tonic, in doses of from 
5 t° 30 grains. 

171 1. Ferri Chloridum. 

Chloride of Iron — Ferric Chloride. 

Fe 2 Cl 6 .i2H 2 0. 

This is official in the U. S. P., and is prepared as follows: 

Iron Wire, cut in fine pieces 15 parts or 4 ounces av. 
Hydrochloric Acid, ... 86 parts or 19 fl. ounces. 
Nitric Acid, 
Distilled Water, each a sufficient quantity. 



FERRUM — IRON. 501 



Put the Iron Wire into a quart flask and pour upon it 54 
parts or 12 fl. ounces of the Hydrochloric Acid, previously- 
mixed with 25 parts or 6 fl. ounces of Water. Let the mixture 
stand until effervescense ceases, then heat to boiling and filter 
the solution through paper, adding a little boiling distilled 
Water to the Iron Wire in the flask to rinse it, and passing the 
rinsing through the filter. To the filtered liquid add 27 parts 
or 6 fl. ounces of Hydrochloric Acid and pour the mixture 
slowly and gradually in a stream into 8 parts or 12 fl. drachms 
of Nitric Acid ; heat by means of a sand-bath until nitrous 
fumes cease to be evolved, then test a small portion with a 
freshly-prepared test solution of Ferricyanide of Potassium. 
If a blue color results add a little more Nitric Acid and evap- 
orate off the excess as before. Then add the remaining 5 
parts or 1 fl. ounce of Hydrochloric Acid and enough distilled 
Water to make the whole weigh 60 parts or 16 ounces av.,and 
set aside, covered with glass, until it forms a solid crystalline 
mass. Finally, break up the mass and keep in glass-stopped 
bottles, protected from light. 

Uses. — This salt is used externally as a styptic and in solu- 
tion as an application for sore throat, diphtheretic growths, 
ulcers, etc. Also, as a tonic, in doses of 3 to 5 grains. 

1712. Ferri Citras. U. S. 

Citrate of Iron — Ferric Citrate. 
Fe 2 (C H 5 O 7 ) 3 .6H 2 O. 

This is directed to be made by evaporating solution of 
Citrate of Iron, at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), 
to the consistence of Syrup, and spreading it on glass so that 
when dry the salt may be obtained in scales. 

This salt should not be confounded with the Ammonio- 
Citrate of Iron, which is very much more soluble. 

This salt, being very slowly soluble, is used chiefly for mak- 
ing pills, for which it is better adapted than the soluble salt. 
The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 

The solution of Citrate of iron from which this salt is pre- 
pared yields 50 per cent, of the scaled salt. 



502 FERRUM — IRON. 



1713. Ferri et Ammonii Citras. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium — Soluble Citrate of Iron — 
Ammonio-Ferric Citrate. 

The U. S. P. directs this to be prepared from the U. S. offi- 
cial solution of Citrate of Iron by mixing 3 parts or 1 pint 
with 1 part or 7 fl. ounces of Water of Ammonia and evapo- 
rating the mixture at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. 
(140 F.) to the consistence of syrup, which is to be spread 
upon glass, so that, when dry, the salt may be obtained in 
scales. It is more commonly known as Soluble Citrate of 
Iron, and should be used in making elixirs, syrups, and all 
preparations in which a soluble salt is desired. 

Uses. — This is the soluble Citrate of Iron which is employed 
for nearly all purposes, except making pills. The dose is from 
5 to 20 grains. 

1714. Ferri et Quininae Citras. 

Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

The U. S. P. directs this salt to be made as follows : 

Citrate of Iron (171 2), . 88 parts or n ounces av. 
Quinine (Alkaloid), dried at ioo° C. 

(2 1 2° F.), until it ceases to lose 

weight, 12 parts or \]/ 2 ounces av. 

Distilled Water a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Iron Salt in 160 parts or 19 fl. ounces of Distilled 
Water, by heating on a water-bath at a temperature not ex- 
ceeding 6o° C. (140 F.). To this solution add the Quinine 
and stir constantly until dissolved ; then evaporate the solu- 
tion at the temperature previously stated to the consistence of 
syrup, and spread on glass, so that when dry the salt may be 
obtained in scales. 

Uses. — This salt contains 12 per cent, of Quinine, is not 
very soluble and is much used for making Bitter Wine of Iron 
and other tonics, and for making pills. The dose is from 5 to 
10 grains. 



FERRUM — IRON. 503 



Citrate of Iron Quinine and Strychine is not an official salt, 
but may be made by adding I part or 65 grains of Strychnine 
(Alkaloid) to the above formula, at the same time the Quinine 
is added. This contains 12 per cent, of Quinine and 1 per 
cent. of Iron. It is sometimes used for making Elixirs or 
Syrups of Iron Quinine and Strychnine, and in making pills. 

This scale salt and the Citrate of Iron and Quinine, as found 
in the market, generally contain only 10 per cent, of Quinine. 

1 715. Ferri et Strychninae Citras. 

Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 
The U. S. P. directs this salt to be made from : 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, 98 parts, or 490 grains. 

Strychnine I part or 5 grains. 

Citric Acid 1 part or 5 grains. 

Distilled Water ... . . . 120 parts or 1 1 fl. drachms. 

Make in the same manner as directed for Citrate of Iron and 
Quinine. It contains 1 per cent, of Strychnine and is used as 
a bitter tonic in doses of 3 to 5 grains. 

1716. Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium ■ — Ammonio-Ferric Sulphate — 
Ammonio-Ferric Alum. 

No process for making this salt is now official, but it may be 
prepared by heating a pint of Solution of Tersulphate of Iron 
to boiling and adding to it 2y 2 ounces av. of Sulphate of Am- 
monium, stirring until dissolved and setting aside to crystal- 
lize. This salt readily deliquesces in warm weather. It is 
used as a styptic, generally in solution. 

1717. Ferri et Ammonii Tartras. 

Tartrate of Iron and Ammonium Ammonio-Ferric Tartrate. 

Dilute 90 parts, or 1 3 fl. ounces, of Solution of Tersulphate of 

Iron with 900 parts or 10 pints, of cold Water; dilute ~ 2 parts 



504 FERRUM — IRON. 



or 14^ fl. ounces, of Water of Ammonium with 180 parts or 
2]^ pints of cold Water. Mix the two liquids and wash the 
precipitate produced as directed (page 44), until the washings 
cause but a slight turbidness to test solution of Chloride of 
Barium. Drain and press the precipitate; dissolve 30 parts or 
6 ounces av. of Tartaric Acid in 130 parts or i]4 pints of Dis- 
tilled Water, neutralize the solution exactly with Carbonate of 
Ammonium, then add 30 parts, or 6 ounces, more of Tartaric 
Acid and dissolve by gentle heat ; in this solution while still 
warm dissolve the moist Iron Precipitate, adding a small por- 
tion at a time until no more will dissolve, then filter the solu- 
tion, evaporate the filtrate to the consistence of syrup and 
spread upon glass, so that when dry the salt may be obtained 
in scales. 

Uses. — This salt is used as a mild iron tonic in doses of 5 
to 20 grains. 



1718. Ferri et Potassii Tartras. 

Tartrate of Iron and Potassium — Potassio-Ferric Tar- 
trate, U. S. — Tartrated Iron, Br. 

Mix 13 fl. ounces of Solution Tersulphate of Iron with 9 
pints of cold Water. Mix 15 fl. ounces of Water of Ammonia 
with 2 pints of cold Water, add the Iron Solution to the 
Ammonia solution, precipitate, wash, drain, etc., as directed 
in the previous formula. Put the drained precipitate into a 
stone ware or porcelain vessel, and add to it 3 pints of dis- 
tilled Water, heat the mixture on a water-bath to a tempera- 
ture not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), add to it 6 ounces av. of 
Bitartrate of Potassium, and stir until the iron precipitate is 
dissolved, filter while hot and let the filtrate stand in a cool 
place for 24 hours, then stir it well and cautiously add just 
enough Water of Ammonia to dissolve the precipitate. 
Evaporate the solution to the consistence of a thick syrup, 
and spread upon glass so that, when dry, the salt may be 
obtained in scales. 

This is a mild, ferruginous tonic, and may be given in doses 
of 10 to 30 grains. 



FERRUM — IRON. 505 



1719. Ferri Hypophosphis. 

Hypoplwsphite of Iron — Ferric Hypophosphite. 

Fe 2 (H 2 P0 3 ) 6 . 

No official process is given for making this salt ; but the 
most convenient method is by the double decomposition of 
Sulphate of Iron and Hypophosphite of Calcium. 480 grains 
of pure Ferrous Sulphate in Crystals is dissolved in a pint of 
hot Water and the solution added to a solution of 326 grains 
of Hypophosphite of Calcium in a pint of cold Water. Sul- 
phate of Calcium is precipitated and ferrous hypophosphite 
held in solution, the solution is evaporated, and the ferrous 
becomes a ferric salt, known as Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Uses. — This salt is given in the form of pills or powders, 
and is somewhat used in making solutions and syrups of the 
Hypophosphites but it is not very soluble. The dose is 3 to 
10 grains. 

1720. Ferri Iodidum Saccharatum. 

Saccharated Iodide of Iron — Saccliarated Ferrous Iodide. 

The U. S. P. directs this preparation to be made as follows: 

Iron Wire, cut fine, ... 6 parts or 60 grains. 

Iodine, 17 parts or 170 grains. 

Distilled Water, 20 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 

Sugar of Milk, 80 parts or 800 grains. 

Mix the Iron, Iodine and distilled Water in a thin glass 
flask, shake the mixture occasionally until the reaction ceases 
and the solution has acquired a green color, and lost the smell 
of Iodine ; then filter through a wetted filter into a porcelain 
capsule containing 40 parts or 400 grains of Sugar of Milk. 
Rinse the flask and Iron Wire with a little distilled Water 
and pass the rinsings through the filter into the capsule, and 
evaporate on a water-bath, stirring constantly until a dry mass 
remains. Transfer the mass quickly to a heated iron mortar 
containing the remainder of the Sugar of Milk and rub them 



506 FERRUM — IRON. 



well together. Transfer at once to dry bottles, which must 
be well stopped and kept cool and dark. 

Uses. — This salt is not very stable after it is opened, and 
is apt to decompose with the liberation of Iodine. It is used 
in making pills and in powders, and may be given in doses of 
i to 5 grains. 

Iodide of Iron in the form of a solution is official in the 
G. P. and is made by mixing Powdered Iron 30 parts, with 
Water 100 parts, and gradually adding Iodine 82 parts, with 
constant stirring. The solution is then filtered and a little 
water added through the filter. This is a liquid, which may 
be evaporated to a mass Fel 2 when required for pills. 

The Iodide of Iron — Fel 2 — Formerly official in the Br. P. 
was prepared by mixing i 1 /, ounce of Iron Wire with 3 
ounces of Iodine and 12 ounces of Water in a flask, heating 
gently for 10 minutes, and then boiling until the froth 
becomes white. The solution is then rapidly filtered through 
a calico filter and boiled down until a drop solidifies upon 
cooling. 

Tasteless Iodide of Iron in the form of a salt is made after 
a process patented by J. Cruse, by adding Citrate of Sodium 
or Potassium to the solution as above prepared, sufficient to 
deprive it of its peculiar ferruginous taste, and then evaporat- 
ing. It is used in making several tasteless preparations of 
Iodide of Iron. 



1 72 1. Ferri Lactas. 

Lactate of Iron — Ferrous Lactate. 

Fe(C 3 H 6 3 ) 2 ,3H 3 0. 

No official process is now given for making this salt, but it 
was formerly prepared by mixing 240 grains of Iron filings 
with Lactic Acid 1 fl. ounce and distilled water a pint, heating 
the mixture by water-bath, and adding a little distilled water 
from time to time to preserve the measure. When the action 
has ceased, filter the solution while hot and set aside to crys- 
tallize ; after two days decant the liquid, collect the crystals, 



FERRUM — IRON. 507 



wash them with a little alcohol and dry on bibulous paper. 
More crystals may be obtained by evaporating the poured off 
liquid and again crystallizing. 

Uses. — Lactate of Iron is given for the same purpose as 
other mild Iron salts. It is also used for making some syrups 
and elixirs. The dose is from I to 5 grains. 



1722. Ferri Oxalas. 

Oxalate of Iron — Ferrous Oxalate. 
FeC 2 4 .H 2 0. 
This salt may be made by dissolving 960 grains of Sulphate 
of Iron in a quart of water; 436 grains of Oxalic Acid in a 
pint of water, adding the Iron solution to the Acid solution, 
and washing the precipitate which results as directed (page 44), 
then drying it by gentle heat. 

It is but little used in medicine; the dose is 2 to 3 grains. 

1723. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. 

Hydratcd Oxide of Iron — Ferric Hydrate. 

Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, 10 parts or 6 fl. ounces. 
Water of Ammonia, .... 8 parts or Syi fi. ounces. 
Water, a sufficient -quantity. 

Dilute the Water of Ammonia with 20 parts or 1 pint of 
cold water, and the Iron solution with 100 parts or 5 pints of 
cold water; add the Iron solution, with constant stirring, to 
the Ammonia solution and wash the precipitate which results 
as directed (page 44). Then press and add enough water to 
the mass to make the whole weigh 20 parts or 1 pound av. 
This is known as moist Oxide of Iron. 

Uses. — When freshly prepared this is used as an antidote 
to Arsenical poisoning, and for detannating preparations as 
elixirs, etc., which are to be combined with salts or solutions 
of Iron. It loses its value by standing. The Br. P. directs 
Hydrated 1'eroxide of Iron to be prepared with solution of 
soda instead of Ammonia; but the result is the same. 



FERRUM — IRON. 



1724. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia. 

Hydrated Oxide of Iron witJi Magnesia. 

This U. S. official is intended to be kept conveniently at 
hand as an antidote for arsenical poisoning. The ingredients 
are to be mixed when wanted for use. 

Solution Tersulphate 

of Iron, 1, 000 grains, or 1^ fl. ounce. 

Magnesia {Calcined), . 1 50 grains. 
Water a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the solution with twice its weight of water, and keep 
the mixture in a well-stopped bottle properly labelled. Rub 
the magnesia with water to a smooth thin mixture, transfer to 
a quart bottle properly labelled and fill the bottle with water- 
When wanted for use mix the two liquids by adding the mag- 
nesia mixture gradually to the Iron solution, and shaking 
them well together. 

Uses. — In arsenic poisoning this mixture as thus prepared 
is freely given, the whole quantity sometimes being used. 



1725. Ferri Phosphas. 

Phosphate of Iron — Ferric Phosphate. 

This new U. S. official Iron Salt in scales being soluble, is 
intended to fill the place of the gray powder, which has form- 
erly been used as Phosphate of Iron (Ferrous Phosphate), which 
was insoluble. 

Citrate of Iron, 5 parts or 5 ounces av. 

Phosphate of Sodium, ... 6 parts or 6 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, 10 parts or 10 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Citrate of Iron in the Distilled Water by heat- 
ing on a water-bath, add the Phosphate of Sodium to the solu- 
tion, and stir until dissolved, then evaporate the solution at a 
temperature not exceeding 6o°C. (i40°F.) to the consistence of 



FERRUM — IRON. 509 



a thick syrup, and spread upon glass, so that when dry it may 
be obtained in scales. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this salt in now much used in making 
elixirs, syrups, etc., instead of the Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
which was formerly directed, as it is less sensitive to excess of 
acid, and more permanent in solution. In medicine it may 
be given as a mild Iron tonic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. 

Phosphate of Iron {Ferrous Phosphate) — Fe 3 (P0 4 ) 2 8H 2 0.— 
The grayish or slate-blue amorphous powder which was form- 
erly official in the U. S. P. is still retained in the Br. P. It is 
made by precipitating a solution of 3 ounces of Sulphate of 
Iron in 30 ounces of Water, with a solution of 2^ ounces of 
Phosphate of Sodium and ^ ounce Bicarbonate of Sodium in 
30 ounces of Water, washing the precipitate and drying at a 
temperature not exceeding I20°F. 

1726. Ferri Pyrophosphas. 

PyropJiospJiate of Iron — Ferric PyrophospJiate. 

Citrate of Iron, 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 

Pyrophosphate of Sodium, . 10 parts or 10 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, 18 parts or 18 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Citrate of Iron in the Distilled Water by heat- 
ing on a water-bath, and add to the solution the Sodium salt, 
stirring until dissolved ; then evaporate the solution to the 
consistence of a thick syrup and spread upon glass, so that 
when dry it may be obtained in scales. It is precipitated from 
its solution by excess of acid. 

Uses. — This salt has been much used in making elixirs, 
syrups, solutions, etc., and is also employed in pills and pow- 
ders. The dose is 2 to 5 grains. 

1727. Ferri Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Iron Ferrous Sulphate. 
rcS(),.7lL<>. 
This salt, which is familiarly known as "Copperas," is usually 
made on a large scale by manufacturing chemists from scrap 



510 FERRUM — IRON. 



iron and oil of vitriol, and purified for pharmaceutical use. It 
may be made according to the Br. P. by dissolving 4 ounces 
av. of Iron Wire with 4 fl. ounces (Imperial measure) of Sul- 
phuric Acid mixed with 30 fl. ounces of distilled Water. When 
the disengagement of hydrogen gas has nearly ceased, boil for 
10 minutes ; then cool, filter the solution and set aside to crys- 
tallize. After 24 hours collect the crystals, drain on porous 
bricks, and when dry preserve in stoppered bottles. 

Uses. — Sulphate of Iron is the basis of many of the other 
salts of Iron, which are made by decomposing it. It is quite 
astringent, and is used as a tonic astringent, both externally 
and internally. The dose is 1 to 2 grains. The commercial 
Sulphate of Iron (Copperas) is considerably used as a disin- 
fectant and as a wash for trees to prevent worms and bugs. 

Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium, or Iron Alum, is a double 
salt of Iron, used in photography and other arts, and also 
given for the same purposes as Sulphate of Iron. (See 1716.) 

1728. Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus. 

Dried Sulphate of Iron. 
FeS0 4 .H 2 0. 
This is prepared by heating Sulphate of Iron in an unglazed 
earthen vessel moderately, until it has effloresced, then increas- 
ing the heat to 149 C. (300 F.), and maintaining it at that 
temperature until it ceases to lose weight, and, lastly, reducing 
it to a fine powder. 

Uses. — This is chiefly used in making pills, but is some- 
times prescribed in powders. 

1729. Ferri Sulphas Praecipitatus. 

Precipitated Sulphate of Iron or Ferrous Sulphate — Granu- 
lated Sulphate of Iron. 
FeS0 4 7H 2 0. 
Sulphate of Iron, . . 100 parts or 4 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, . . . 170 parts or 6y 2 fl. ounces. 
Sulphuric Acid, ... 4 parts or 38 minims. 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 



FERRUM — IRON. 511 



Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water, previously mixed with 
the Acid, and filter the solution ; then pour it gradually, with 
constant stirring, into an equal volume, about 8 fl. ounces, of 
Alcohol, and set aside for 24 hours. Collect and drain the 
precipitate, wash with Alcohol in a funnel until neutral, press 
and dry without artificial heat and keep in well-stopped bottles. 

Uses. — This is the same as Sulphate of Iron, but purified, 
and is more convenient to use in making powders, pills, etc. 
It is also much less liable to change than the crystalline salt. 
The dose is 1 to 2 grains. 

1730. Ferri Valerianas. 

Valerianate of Iron — Ferric Valerianate. 
Fe 2 (C B H 9 2 ) 6 . 

This may be made by mixing solutions of Sulphate of Iron 
and Valerianate of Sodium. Ferric Valeriate is precipitated, 
and may be washed and dried. 

Uses. — This is but little used in pharmacy and is seldom 
prescribed. It is given as a tonic nervine, in doses of from 1 
to 10 grains. 

Other Salts of Iron. 

Besides the foregoing salts of Iron, which are official, are 
several others, which are more or less used in pharmacy: 

1 73 1. Acetate of Iron — Fe g (C 8 H 8 0g) 6 . — Made by dissolving freshly 
precipitated H yd rated Oxide of Iron to saturation in Acetic Acid, evaporat- 
ing the solution and crystallizing. 

1732. Benzoate of Iron — Fe 2 6C 7 H O 2 .6H 2 O. — By adding a solution 
of Sulphate of Iron to a concentrated solution of Benzoate of Sodium, col- 
lecting the precipitate, washing, and drying. 

1733. Bromide of Iron — FeBr B .— By adding 2 parts of Bromine diluted 
with 10 parts of Water to 1 part Iron Wire, and digesting with gentle heat 
until the liquid assumes a greenish color and the reaction is completed, then 
filtering and evaporating to dryness. 

1734. Carbonate or Subcarbonate of Iron. — By dissolving 4 ounces of 
Sulphate of Iron and \ l / 2 ounces of Carbonate of Sodium, separately, each 
in 2 quarts of warm Water, mixing the solutions and washing the precipitate 



512 FERRUM — IRON. 

with sweetened Water, and drying without heat. By exposure this is con- 
verted into Ferrous Oxide. 

1735. Ferrocyanide of Iron — Fe 4 (FeCN R ) 3 . — By dissolving Ferrocyanide 
of Potassium and adding to it a solution of Sulphate of Iron as long as the 
blue precipitate is formed, then washing the precipitate and drying. This is 
known commercially as Prussian Blue. It is made soluble by the addition 
of 20 per cent, or more of Oxalic Acid, and is then known as Soluble Bhie, 
an article much sold for laundry bluing. 

1736. Nitrate of Iron — Fe 2 (N0 3 ) 6 . — By concentrating a solution of 
Nitrate of Iron by evaporation and crystallizing. 

I 737- Oxides of Iron. — With Oxygen Iron combines in several propor- 
tions. Ferrous Oxide FeO being unknown except in chemistry, as it rapidly 
absorbs oxygen and passes into a higher oxide. Ferric Oxide Fe 2 3 which 
is made by burning ferrous sulphate in a crucible until fumes cease to be 
evolved. This is known commercially as Crocus Mart is, Colcothar, Rouge, 
Red Oxide of Iron, Venitian Red, etc., as made for various uses. Magnetic 
Oxide of Iron — Ferroso-Ferric Oxide — Fe 3 4 — a black magnetic Oxide 
of Iron obtained in various ways and also occurring native ; and some other 
forms not sufficiently important to notice. The German Pharmacopoeia 
directs a soluble saccJiarated Oxide of Iron to be prepared by precipitating 
30 parts of a solution Chloride of Iron, with a solution of Carbonate of So- 
dium, adding solution of soda and of Bicarbonate of Sodium, washing the 
precipitate under water and mixing it with 50 parts of sugar and drying. 

1738. Persulphate of Iron — Monsell's Salt. — By evaporating a solution 
of persulphate or tersulphate of Iron to dryness. Used as a styptic. 

1739. Phosphate of Iron, White — Fe 2 2P0 4 4H 2 0.— Besides the official 
scale salt, Phosphate of Iron (a compound salt) and the former official gray 
powder, Phosphate of Iron (Ferrous Phosphate), a White Phosphate of 
Iron (Ferric Phosphate) is made by mixing 4 ounces of solution of normal 
ferric sulphate, with 1 ounce Acetate of Sodium in solution, and then adding 
a solution of Phosphate of Sodium, and washing and drying the precipitate. 

1740. Sulphide of Iron — FeS. — Made by heating a mixture of 3 parts 
iron filings with 2 parts of sublimed sulphur in a red hot crucible, into which 
it is introduced in small portions at a time. This is used for making sulphu- 
retted hydrogen. 

Iron Pyrites FeS 2 is another combination of Iron with sulphur, found 
abundantly in nature. 

Some other salts of Iron are used occasionally, but are seldom prepared 
by pharmacists and are of but little interest. Of the unofficial salts of Iron 
not previously mentioned the more important are the Lacto- Phosphate, Sali- 
cylate, Succinate, Sulpho-Carbolate, Malate, and Tannate. Dialysed Iron in 
scales, is mentioned on page 273. and the various solutions of Iron among the 
solutions. 



FLUORINE. GELATINA — GELATIN. 513 



FLUORINE. 

Symbol F. ; Atomic weight, 19. 

The element Fluorine has until recently resisted all attempts 
to isolate it, but its isolation has lately (November, 1886,) been 
accomplished by M. H. Moissan of Paris, who obtained it as a 
colorless inflammable gas, from anhydrous fluoric acid, by 
electrolysis. It is classed chemically with the halogens, chlor- 
ine, bromine, and iodine, as its compounds are similar. 

It is chiefly known by its compound with hydrogen, Hydro- 
fluoric Acid, which reacts with metals, forming salts called 
Fluorides. It also combines with boron and silicon forming 
gaseous compounds. 

1741. Hydrofluoric Acid — HF. — This is prepared by pouring concen- 
trated Sulphuric Acid upon finely powdered Fluor Spar in a capacious 
leaden retort, gentle heat is then applied and the gas which is evolved is col- 
lected in a leaden receiver surrounded by ice. It is a colorless fluid vaporizing 
at 59 F., and is chiefly known by its property of corroding glass. It is much 
used for etching on glass. It must be kept in leaden bottles. 



GELATINA — GELATIN. 

When animal tissues, bones, tendons, ligaments, etc., are 
boiled for some hours in water, and the water allowed to stand 
sometime after becoming cold, a mass resembling jelly is 
obtained. The finer varieties of this jelly thus prepared are 
purified, evaporated to the proper consistence, spread into 
sheets, dried on nets, and are known as Gelatin. The coarser 
varieties, made from hoofs, hides and other refuse animal sub- 
stances, arc made into Glue of various grades. Isinglass, or 
Fisk-gluc, is a species of Gelatin prepared from the air bladders 
of certain fish; but common Gelatin is often called Isinglass. 

Gelatin, prepared in various ways, is largely consumed as an 
article of food; in the arts it is extensively used for adhesive 



514 GELATINA — GELATIN. 

purposes, for making Gelatin compositions, for making Gelatin 
plates for photography, etc.; in pharmacy it is employed for 
coating pills, making capsules, suppositories, etc., for fining 
wines and liquors, and for many other useful purposes. 

1742. Gelatin Capsules.— A solution of 1 part of Cox's or French Gelatine 
in 4 parts of Water is made by first soaking the Gelatin for an hour or two in 
the Water, then heating until the Gelatin is dissolved, and straining the solu- 
tion. Metal molds of the proper shape are then dipped in the solution, which is 
heated by a water-bath, and when cool, but still pliant, the Gelatin is removed 
from the molds, and may be filled with any liquid and the orifice closed with 
a drop of the Gelatin solution, or may be left empty (as they are now largely 
used) for filling with powdered substances, quinine, etc. For some purposes 
a small proportion — say 5 per cent. — of glycerin is added to the solution, 
making them more elastic. Medicinal Pearls, which contain ether, volatile 
oils, etc., are made of similar material but by different processes. 

1743. Gelatin Coating. — For coating pills with Gelatin a solution may be 
made with Gelatin 2 parts, Gum Arabic 1 part, Water 9 parts. The Gum 
Arabic must first be dissolved in the Water, the Gelatin soaked with the solu- 
tion, and the mixture then heated by water-bath and strained. The solu- 
tion is kept heated by water-bath, and the pills, stuck on needles or pins, 
are dipped in the solution and revolved in the air until the coating is suffi- 
ciently firm to remove the pills from the pins. This makes a fine soluble 
coating for pills. Various Gelatin-coating pill machines are in use. 

1744. Gelatin Suppositories. — For making medicated suppositories, 
bougies, etc., with elastic Gelatin, 3 parts of Gelatin are soaked in 2 parts of 
Water and then dissolved by heat and 7 parts of Glycerin added. The solu- 
tion is then strained and the required medicinal substances added, thoroughly 
mixed, and the mixture poured into molds of suitable shape. If insoluble 
substances are added, the mixture must be stirred until the moment it is run 
into the molds, and the molds chilled with ice. Gelatin Suppositories are not 
so readily soluble as those made with a cacao butter base, and cannot be 
recommended as a good form of medication. Tannin is incompatible with 
Gelatin, forming an insoluble compound, therefore cannot well be used in 
Gelatin Suppositories. 

1745. Liquid Glue.— Acids dissolve Glue, and acid solutions of Glue are 
used as Liquid Glue and Cement, being more convenient to apply in this 
form. The following formula; may be used : 

Dissolve 4 ounces of good Glue or Gelatin in a pint of Acetic Acid, by the 
aid of gentle heat, and add 20 drops of Nitric Acid, 5 drops Oil of Cloves, 
and 1 ounce Glycerin. Or 

Dissolve 5 ounces of good glue in a pint of Water, by the aid of heat, and 
add 1 ounce of Nitric Acid. 



GLUCOSE AND GRAPE SUGAR. 515 

1746. GLUCOSE AND GRAPE SUGAR. 

Glucose, as it is now known on the market, is a syrup pre- 
pared by the action of Sulphuric Acid on Starch, aided by heat. 
The process by which the purified Starch is transformed into 
Glucose is called conversion, and different grades of conversion 
produce quite different results. When the Glucose syrup alone 
is wanted the process of conversion is stopped when the Starch 
has disappeared, the product being a mixture of Dextrin and 
Glucose. This is often called Dextrin Syrup or Starch Syrup. 
When solid Grape Sugar is desired, the conversion is continued 
longer so as to convert the Dextrin still further into Dextrose 
or Glucose. Many large manufacturing establishments in this 
country are now engaged in the manufacture of Glucose and 
Grape Sugar, which are extensively sold as articles of food 
and employed by confectioners for manufacturing candy. In 
pharmacy, Dextrine Syrup or Glucose is employed for sweet- 
ening preparations in place of cane syrup or sugar, as it is less 
liable to fermentation. Grape Sugar is used as an excipient 
for pills, for making masses, etc., as it does not crystallize like 
cane sugar. Lccvulose, Maltose, Du/cietose, Mannitose, and 
Galactose are other Glucoses derived from various substances. 

1747. Glucosides. 

A class of neutral principles found in plants, which yield Glucose, 
C a 1 1 1 ..< >,;. when decomposed are called Glucosides. They comprise a great 
variety of substances, varying greatly in characteristics, some of them being 
the active medicinal agents of the plants from which they are derived and 
others being of no medicinal importance. They consist of Glucosidal resins, 
Glucosidal tannins, bitter principles, sweet principles, etc., some being soluble 
in Alcohol or ether, some in water, and some in other liquids. They are vari- 
ously prepared and may be decomposed into Glucose and derivitive products 
in several different ways, some by the action of dilute mineral acids, others 
by alkalies, and others by the action of ferments. A few of the more import- 
ant ones, as Salicin, Santonin, etc., arc official and are noted under other 
headings. Their names all terminate with in, although all principles which 
terminate with in are not Glucosides. As tluy arc so numerous, and pre- 
sent such varying characteristics, they cannot well be included in a class, but 
are included with the other general principles of plants. 



516 GLYCERINUM — GLYCERIN. 



1748. GLYCERINUM — GLYCERIN. 



Glycerin, as it is found in the market, is a sweet, viscid, col- 
orless liquid, of about 125 sp. gr. and the consistence of thick 
syrup. It was first made known by Scheele, in 1779, and was 
formerly prepared as a by product of the manufacture of lead 
plaster and soap, being now sometimes called for as Oil of 
Soap. At present it is made commercially by distillation, the 
process consisting in decomposing fats by super-heated steam, 
under high pressure, the stearine of the fats (which is propenyl 
tristearate) uniting with the elements of water to form Glycerin 
and Stearic Acid. 

Chemically, Glycerin is the hydrate of the radical Glyceryl 
or Propenyl, C 3 H 5 , and is classed with the Alcohols, being 
known as Glyceric Alcohol, Propenyl Alcohol, or Glycerol. 

Glycerin is extensively used in the arts for various purposes, 
and in pharmacy ranks next to Alcohol as a preservative of 
medicinal solutions and a solvent of medicinal agents. It is 
employed in making many fluid extracts, both as a preserva- 
tive and a solvent ; it is used as an addition to solid extracts, 
keeping them soft and pliable, and in making many solutions, 
syrups, tinctures, and like preparations. In medicine it is 
used to allay inflammation and irritation, both external and 
internal, and it is a familiar household application for chaps, 
sunburn, etc. It should be somewhat diluted before it is 
applied, because of its affinity for moisture. The dose intern- 
ally is a teaspoon ful or more. 

1749. Nitroglycerin — C 3 H 5 (NOg) 3 3 . — Made by mixing 1 part of Nitric 
Acid with 2 parts of Sulphuric Acid and adding to the mixture slowly and 
with constant stirring, keeping the mixture cooled artificially as low as 8o°F., 
one seventh of its weight of Glycerin. The mixture is then poured into a 
large quantity of water and the oily liquid which settles to the bottom washed 
with water containing an alkali. 

Uses. — In mining operations Nitroglycerin is extensively used for blasting, 
also for " shooting " oil and gas wells. Mixed with some inert absorbing sub- 
stances, which makes it safer to handle, it is known as Dynamite, which is 
much used for blasting, and in fire-works, etc. 

In medicine, a 1 per cent, solution of Nitroglycerin is somewhat used for 
nervous disorders, in very small doses. 



GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 517 



GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. U. S. 

Glycerina — Glycerines. Br. 

Glycerites or Glycerines are preparations in which Glycerin 
is used as the solvent of the medicinal agents, or the medium 
by which it is exhibited. Two Glycerites are official in the 
U. S. and eight Glycerines in the Br. Pharmacopoeia. Many 
more are supplied under various names, as Glycerols, etc., by 
manufacturing pharmacists. The following are those official 
in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias, most of them being 
intended for external application. Many of those official in 
the present Br. P. were official in the 1870 U. S. P., but have 
been deleted. 

1750. Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici. Br. 
Glycerine or Glycerite of Carbolic Acid. 

Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 

Rub them together in a mortar until the Acid is dissolved. 

1751. Glycerinum Acidi Gallici. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Gallic Acid. 

Gallic Acid 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 4 fl.ounces. 

Stir together in a porcelain dish and apply a temperature not exceeding 
212 F. until complete solution is effected. 

1752. Glycerinum Acidi Tannici. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Tannic Acid. 

Tannic Acid 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 

Stir them together in a porcelain dish and apply a temperature not exceed- 
ing that of a water-bath until complete solution is effected. 

1753 Glycerinum Aluminis. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Alum. 

Alum, in line powder 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 5 fl.ounces. 

Stir thriii together in a porcelain dish, gently applying heat until solution 
ted. Set aside and pour off the clear fluid from any deposited matter. 



518 GLYCERITA — GLYCERITEJ 



1754. Glyceritum Amyli. U. S. Glycerinum Amyli. Br. 

Glycerite or Glycerine of Starch. 

The U. S. formula is: 

Starch 1 part or 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 

Rub them together and heat to 140 C. (284 F.), stirring constantly until 
uniformly gelatinous. 

The Br. formula is Starch 1 ounce av., Glycerin 5 flounces, distilled Water 
3 fl. ounces. Stir them together in a porcelain dish and apply heat, stirring 
constantly until the starch particles are completely broken and a translucent 
jelly is formed. 

The U. S. preparation is of much firmer consistence than the Br. 

Uses. — Glycerite of Starch is used in pharmacy as an excipient for pills and 
a body for suppositories, and may be used in making troches and masses. In 
medicine it is employed as an application to irritated surfaces, chafe, etc. 

By perfuming with essential oils or bulk perfumes this makes an elegant 
toilet preparation, which may be sold as Amy line, for uses similar to Cam- 
phor Ice. 

1755. Glycerinum Boracis. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Borax. 

Borax, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, 2 flounces. 

Rub them together in a mortar until the Borax is dissolved, or heat gently 
until solution is effected. 

1756. Glycerinum Plumbi Subacetatis. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Subacetate of Lead. 

Acetate of Lead 5 ounces av. 

Oxide of Lead, in powder y/ 2 ounces av. 

Glycerin, 20 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, 12 flounces. 

Mix together and boil for fifteen minutes, then filter and evaporate until 
the Water is dissipated, which may be known when steam no longer rises. 

I 757- Glycerinum Tragacanthae. Br. 

Glycerine or Glycerite of Tragacanth. 

Tragacanth, in powder, no grains or 3 parts. 

Glycerin, 1 flounce or 12 flparts. 

Distilled Water \% fl.drachm or 2 flparts. 

Mix the Tragacanth with the Glycerin in a mortar, add the Water and rub 
until a translucent homogeneous jelly is produced. 



GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 519 

1758. Glyceritum Vitelli. U. S. 

Glycerite of Yolk of Egg — Glyconin. 

Fresh Yolk of Egg, by weight 4^ ounces. 

Glycerin, by weight 5X ounces. 

Rub the Yolk of Egg with the Glycerin gradually added until they are 
thoroughly mixed. 

This is used in pharmacy for making emulsions. 



Other Glycerites. 

The following Glycerites are not official in any Pharmaco- 
poeia, but some of them are considerably used. 



1759. Glycerite of Albumen. 

Albumen, White of Egg, 6 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 10 fl.ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly, allow to stand 24 hours and strain through a cloth 
strainer. 

This is a bland application for chap, chafe, or any irritation of the skin. 
As the Glycerin is absorbed a thin coating of Albumen is left on the surface, 
which protects it from contact of the air. 

By adding ]/ 2 ounce of any good bulk perfume to this preparation it makes 
an elegant toilet article. 

1760. Glycerite of Arnica. 

Fluid Extract of Arnica 2 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 6 fl.ounces. 

Water 4 fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 

Mix the Fluid Extract, Alcohol, and Water and filter the mixture clear, 
then add the ( '.lycerin. 

1761. Glycerite of Bismuth. 

Tris-nitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 4 11. ounces. 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Bismuth in the Glycerin, without heat. It is the 
crystallized Nitrate of Bismuth (312), not the subnitrate, which is directed 
in this formula. 



520 GLYCERITA — GLYCE RITES. 



1762. Glycerite of Calendula. 

Calendula (Marigold Flowers) 3 ounces av. 

Glycerin 8 flounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the Glycerin with 8 ounces of Water, moisten the flowers with the 
mixture and make a tincture by water-bath percolation, adding Water to the 
drug sufficient to make a pint of the percolate. 



1763. Glycerite of Camphor-Chloral. 

Camphor, in powder, 75 grains. 

Chloral 60 grains. 

Oil of Juniper 30 minims. 

Glycerin 4 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 5 fl. drachms. 

Mix in a bottle and heat gently, not over 104 F., until dissolved, cool, and 
keep well stopped. 



1764. Glycerite of Carbolate of Iodine. 

Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 

Iodine, 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol, 4 flounces. 

Water 5 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, ' 5 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the Glycerin and add the Water, dissolve the 
Iodine in the Alcohol and mix the solutions. 



1765. Glycerite of Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potassium 64 grains. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Hypophosphites to a very fine powder and dissolve by rubbing in 
a mortar with successive portions of the mixed Glycerin and Water, previ- 
ously warmed. When dissolved strain through muslin or filter. A fl. drachm 
represents 3^ grains of the mixed Hypophosphites. The dose is a teaspoon- 
ful to a dessertspoonful. It is considerably used in place of the Syrup of 
Hypophosphites. 



GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 521 

1766. Glycerite of Iodine. 

{Colorless Tincture or Solution of Iodine.) 

Tincture of Iodine 8 fl.ounces. 

Hyposulphite of Sodium 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Sodium salt to a fine powder and then with the Glycerin until dis- 
solved, and add the Tincture to the solution, allow to stand, and filter or 
decant. This is a Glycerite of Iodide of Sodium, but is more familiarly 
known as Colorless Tincture of Iodine. 

1767. Glycerite of Pepsin. 

Pepsin in scales, or Pure Pepsin 64 grains. 

Concentrated Lactic Acid 2 fl. drachms. 

Water 8 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 8 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Pepsin to a powder and then with the Water and Glycerin previ- 
ously mixed, add the Lactic Acid and allow to stand a few days, with occa- 
sional agitation, then strain or filter. A fl.drachm contains % grain of pure 
Pepsin, equivalent to 5 grains saccharated Pepsin. The dose is a teaspoon- 
ful to a dessertspoonful. 

1768. Glycerite of Pepsin and Wafer Ash. 

Fluid Extract of Wafer Ash (Ptelea) 1 flounce. 

Glycerite of Pepsin, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them, and, after standing a few days, filter. A fl.drachm represents 
about 2> l A grains Wafer-Ash bark combined with Glycerite of Pepsin. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

1769. Glycerite of Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus 3 grains. 

Glycerin 1 pint. 

Shave the Phosphorus under water and mix with 1 ll.ounce of the Glyce- 
rin, melt in a water-bath and shake together in a well-stopped bottle ; warm 
the remainder of the Glycerin to about 120° F. and add to the mixture. A 
fl.drachm contains about r \, grain Phosphorus. 

1770. Glycerite of Quinine. 

Bisulphate of Quinine 128 grains. 

Water 8 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin 8 ll. ounces. 

Mix the Water and Glycerin and dissolve the Quinine salt by rubbing in a 
mortar with the mixture. A ll. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. 



T)22 GLYCERITA — GLYCERITES. 



1771. Glycerite of Quinine and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Glycerite of Quinine, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with the Glycerite of Quinine, or 
add 2 ti drachms solution of Strychnine to a pint of the Glycerite of Qui- 
nine. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Quinine Bisulphate and ^ grain 
Strychnine Sulphate. 

Other combinations of Glycerite of Quinine with the salts of Iron, etc., may 
be made by adding the required salts in solution to the Glycerite of Quinine. 

1772. Glycerite of Tar. 

Tar, Pine or Birch, 1 ounce av. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, . . ■ 8 flounces. 

Alcohol 3 flounces. 

Water, o fl.ounces. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium to a fine powder and incorporate the 
Tar with it. Mix the Glycerin, Alcohol and Water and rub with the mixture 
in a mortar, then put in a quart jar, allow to stand a few days, and decant 
and filter the clear portion. This is given for coughs in doses of a teaspoon- 
ful to a dessertspoonful. 

J 773- Glycerite of Tar Compound. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry %. fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Squill, 80 minims. 

Glycerite of Tar, 1 pint. 

Mix them and filter if necessary. The dose is a teaspoonful or more for 
coughs, etc. 

1774. Glycerite of Yerba Santa Compound. 

Fluid Extract of Yerba Santa, 2 fl.ounces. 

Fluid Extract Grindelia 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Wild Cherry 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Liquorice 1 fl. ounce. 

Bromide of Potassium, 160 grains. 

Salicylic Acid, 80 grains. 

Tar, 80 grains. 

Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces. 

Water 4 fl.ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce av. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts and Tar and rub with the Carbonate of Magne- 
sium in a mortar, mix the Glycerin and Water and rub with the mixture in 
the mortar, filter and dissolve the Bromide of Potassium and Salicylic Acid 
in the filtrate. The dose is a teaspoonful or more for cough, asthma, etc. 



GLYCYRRHIZINU.M AMMONIATUM. HYDRARGYRUM. 523 

1775. GLYCYRRHIZINUM AMMONIATUM. 

A nuiwniated Glycyrrhizin. 
(MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION.) 

Liquorice Root, in No. 20 powder 16 ounces. 

YVater, \ 

Water of Ammonia, - each a sufficient quantity. 

Sulphuric Acid, ) 

Mix 1 ounce of YVater of Ammonia with a pint of Water and moisten the 
drug with 6 ounces of the mixture ; pack moderately in the water-bath per- 
colator, and having poured the remainder of the mixed Water and Ammonia 
upon it, cover it closely and set in a warm place for one day ; then heat very 
moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug 
and continuing the percolation and heat until two pints have passed, or until 
the drug is exhausted. Add to the percolate slowly (stirring at the same 
time) Sulphuric Acid, so long as a precipitate is produced ; collect this on a 
strainer, wash it and redissolve in Water with the aid of Water of Ammonia, 
filter if necessary, and again add Sulphuric Acid so long as a precipitate is 
formed. Collect again on a strainer, wash with cold Water as before, and 
dissolve with just sufficient Water of Ammonia diluted with an equal quan- 
tity of Water. Finally, pour on plates of glass and set in a warm place to 
evaporate. The product is in scales. It is used chiefly in solution for mask- 
ing the taste of disagreeable or bitter medicines. 



HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 

Symbol, Hg; Atomic weight, 199.7; sp. gr., 13.59. 

Mercury, or Quicksilver, is a fluid metal, found chiefly asso- 
ciated with sulphur in the form of ore, called Cinnabar, in 
California and other parts of the world. It is obtained by 
roasting the ore in kilns through which flames are made to pass, 
which ignite the sulphur and vaporize the Mercury, which is 
subsequently condensed. It congeals into a solid at — 40 F. 

Mercury has been known and used since the earliest history 
of medicine-, wonderful virtues being ascribed to it by the 
earlier writers and practitioners. It is extensively used in 
mining operations to separate silver and gold from crushed 
quartz, sand, etc., which it does by forming an amalgam with 



524 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 

them. It is employed for making thermometers, barometers, 
and other philosophical instruments, and, with tin foil, making 
an amalgam for glass mirrors, etc. Its salts are extensively- 
employed in the arts, in chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. 
It combines with most acids, forming two classes of salts, 
Mercurous and Mercuric. 

The following are the combinations and salts of Mercury 
official in the U. S., Br., and German Pharmacopoeias : 



1776. Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum. 

Ammoniatcd Mercury — White Precipitate. 

NH 2 HgCl. 

The U. S. P. directs 10 parts or 1 ounce av. of Corrosive 
Chloride of Mercury to be dissolved in 200 parts or 20 fl. ounces 
of warm distilled Water, and the solution to be filtered and 
allowed to cool. The filtrate is then carefully poured, with 
constant stirring, into 15 parts, or \ l /i fi. ounces of Water of 
Ammonia, which should be in slight excess. Then collect the 
precipitate, drain on a filter and wash twice with 20 parts or 2 
fl. ounces of Distilled Water mixed with 1 part or 50 minims 
of Water of Ammonia. Finally, dry between sheets of 
bibulous paper at a temperature not exceeding 30 C. (86° F.). 
The Br. process is about the same. The salt obtained is a 
Chloride of Mercuric-Ammonium. 

Uses. — This is used chiefly for making ointment. 

1777. Hydrargyrum cum Crete. 

Mercury with Chalk. 

The U. S. P. directs Mercury 38 parts or 167 grains, Sugar 
of Milk 12 parts or 53 grains, Prepared Chalk 50 parts or 218 
grains, Ether and Alcohol, each a sufficient quantity. 

The Mercury, Sugar of Milk and 12 parts or 53 grains of 
the Chalk are put into a suitable mortar and moistened with a 
mixture of equal parts of Ether and Alcohol, and briskly 
triturated. The remainder of the Chalk is gradually added, 



HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 525 

the powder is occasionally moistened with the Alcohol and 
Ether and the trituration continued until Globules of 
Mercury are no longer visible under a magnifying power of 
10 diameters, and the powder is of a uniform gray color, and 
dry. The process may be hastened by using Tincture Tolu 
in place of Alcohol. The Br. P. directs Mercury I ounce by 
weight, and prepared Chalk 2 ounces by weight, to be rubbed 
together in a mortar until the Mercury is extinguished and 
they are uniformly mixed as above. 

Uses. — This is a mild form of Mercury considerably used 
for children. The dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 

Mercury with Magnesia is made in the same proportion and 
manner and is used for the same purposes. 



1778. Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. 

Calomel — Mild Chloride of Mercury — Mercurous Chloride — 
Subchioride of Mercury. 

Hg CI. 

No formula nor process of making is given in the present 
U. S. P., for this salt, but under the heading Subchioride of 
Mercury the Br. P. directs Persulphate of Mercury 10 ounces, 
Mercury 7 ounces, Chloride of Sodium 5 ounces, Boiling Dis- 
tilled Water a sufficiency. The Persulphate of Mercury is 
to be moistened with some of the Water and rubbed with the 
Mercury until globules are no longer visible. The Chloride 
of Sodium is then to be added and thoroughly mixed by 
trituration. The mixture is then to be sublimed in a suitable 
apparatus of such si/.e that the Calomel shall fall in a fine 
powder on the floor instead of adhering to the sides of the 
vessel. The powder is then to be washed with boiling Dis- 
tilled Water,and dried at a temperature not exceeding boiling 
water. 

Uses. Calomel is used in making several other prepara- 
tions of Mer*cury, and is the favorite mercurial salt lor internal 

administration as an alterative and purgative. The dose is l /> 
rain - or more. 



526 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 



1779. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. 

Corrosive Chloride of Mercury — Corrosive Sublimate — Mercuric 
Chloride — Bichloride of Mercury — Perchloride of Mercury. 

HgCl 2 . 

The present U. S. P. does not give the formula nor process 
of making this salt. The Br. P. under the name Perchloride 
of Mercury directs 20 ounces of Persulphate of Mercury to 
be mixed with 16 ounces of Chloride of Sodium and I ounce 
of Black Oxide of Manganese, and heated together in an 
apparatus adapted for sublimation, by which the vapors which 
rise are condensed. 

Uses. — This salt is used for making several other prepara- 
tions of mercury and in medicine as a mercuric alterative in 
doses of -Jg- to l /i grain. It is also extensively employed in 
weak solutions to destroy zymotic germs, and by surgeons to 
prevent poisoning during operations. 

Antidote. — The best antidote for 'poisoning with Corrosive 
Sublimate is albumen (white of egg). 



1780. Hydrargyri Cyanidum. 

Cyanide of Mercury — Mercuric Cyanide. 
Hg(CN) 2 . 

No process for making this salt is given in the present 
U. S. P., but it may be made from the process formerly 
official, which is as follows : 

Dissolve 5 tr.ounces of Ferrocyanide of Potassium in 20 
fl. ounces of Water and add the solution to 4^ tr.ounces of 
Sulphuric Acid, diluted with 10 fl. ounces of Water and con- 
tained in a glass retort. Distill the mixture nearly to dryness, 
conducting the vapor into a receiver containing 10 fl. ounces 
of Water and 3 tr.ounces of Red Oxide of Mercury. Set 
aside 2 fl. ounces of the distilled liquid and to the remainder 
add, with agitation, sufficient Red Oxide to destroy the odor 
of Hydrocyanic Acid, then filter the solution, and having 
added the reserved liquid evaporate the whole in a dark place, 



HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 527 

in order that crystals may form, which should be kept in a 
well stopped bottle protected from the light. 

Uses. — This salt is used as an alterative in Syphilis, in 
doses of yL to }4 grain. 

1781. Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum. 

Red Iodide of Mercury — Biniodide of Mercury — Mercuric Iodide. 
Hg I,. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 9 parts or 1 ounce av. 
Iodide of Potassium, ... 11 parts or 535 grains. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Mercury salt in 150 parts or a pint of warm 
Distilled Water and the Iodide in 30 parts or 3 fl. ounces of 
Distilled Water and filter the solutions separately. Add the 
Mercury solution to the solution of Iodide of Potassium, con- 
stantly stirring. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash it 
with Distilled Water until the washings cease to give a pre- 
cipitate with a test solution of Nitrate of Silver, and dry it 
between sheets of bibulous paper at a temperature not 
exceeding 40° C. ( 140 F.), and keep in well stopped bottles. 
The Br. formula is similar. 

Uses. — This salt is given in doses of ^V to l /% of a grain for 
syphilis, etc., and is used in making ointments, and other 
absorbent applications. 

1782. Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride. 

Green Iodide of Mercury — Pro/ iodide of Mercury — 

Mercurous Iodide. 

Hg a I a . 

Mercury 8 parts or i ounce av. 

Iodine 8 parts or 274 -rains. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

I'our about 3 parts or ' _. tl. ounce of Alcohol into a mortar 
containing the Mercury, add the Iodine in successive portions 



528 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 



and triturate the mixture, adding sufficient Alcohol from time 
to time to keep the mass constantly moist and taking care 
that it shall neither become too hot nor be exposed to light 
during the various steps of the process. Continue the tritura- 
tion until all the globules of Mercury have disappeared and the 
mixture has become nearly dry and has acquired a greenish- 
yellow color. Then add sufficient Alcohol to reduce the 
whole to a thin paste ; pour this into a bottle, let stand for 
several days and then wash the Iodide twice with about 50 
parts or 8 fl. ounces of Alcohol each time and decant the 
washings. Transfer the Iodide to a filter and continue the 
washing with Alcohol until the washings are no longer affected 
by Hydrosulphuric Acid. Lastly, dry the product in a dark 
place, between sheets of bibulous paper, at a temperature not 
exceeding 40 C. (104 F.), and keep in well stopped bottles, 
protected from light. 

Uses. — This salt is used as an alterative and absorbent; 
being milder than the Red Iodide, it is better adapted for 
internal use. Dose, 1 grain. 



1783. Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum. 

Yellow Oxide of Mercury — Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 

HgO. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 1 part or 1 ounce av. 
Solution of Potassa, ... 9 parts or S}4 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Mercury Salt in 100 parts or about 6 pints of 
warm, Distilled Water, and filter the solution ; pour the filtrate 
into the Solution of Potassa previously diluted with 100 parts 
or 6 pints of Distilled Water, stirring constantly, and set aside 
for 24 hours: then decant the supernatant clear liquid from 
the precipitate, and wash the latter repeatedly with Distilled 
Water until the washings cease to be affected by a test solu- 
tion of Nitrate of Silver. Let the precipitate drain, and diy 
it between sheets of bibulous paper in a dark place, at a 



HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 529 

temperature not exceeding 40 C. (104 F.). The British 
formula is essentially the same, except that Solution of Soda 
is used. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this salt is used for making Oleate 
of Mercury and in making ointments, etc. It is not admin- 
istered internally. 

1784. Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 

Red Oxide of Mercury — Red Precipitate — Red Mercuric Oxide. 
HgO. 
Although this salt is chemically the same as the preceding 
one, it presents an entirely different appearance. The present 
U. S. P. gives no formula for preparing it. The following is 
the formula of the Br. P.: 

Mercury, by weight, 8 ounces av. 

Nitric Acid, 4^ fl. ounces. 

Water, 2 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve half the Mercury in the Nitric Acid, diluted with 
the Water, evaporate the solution to dryness and with the dry 
salt thus obtained, triturate the remainder of the Mercury 
until the two are uniformly blended together. Heat the 
mixture in a porcelain dish, with repeated stirring, until acid 
vapors cease to be evolved. 

Uses. — Red Precipitate, as it is most familiarly known, is 
used in pharmacy for preparing an ointment and for other 
purposes. It is a favorite domestic application in the form of 
ointment for Itch, body-vermin, etc. It is not administered 
internally. 

1785. Hydrargyri Persulphas. 

Persulphate of Mercury — Sulphate of Mercury — Mer- 
curic Sulphate. 

HgS0 4 . 
This salt is official in the Br. P., but not in the U. S. P. 
It is known commercially as Sulphate of Mercury, and is 



530 HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 

considerably used in batteries for generating electricity. It is 
made by heating together in a porcelain vessel, with constant 
stirring, 10 ounces av. of Mercury and 6 fl. ounces Sulphuric 
Acid until they are combined, and continuing the heat until 
the moisture has evaporated and a dry, white salt remains. 
It is a white, heavy crystalline powder, and in British Phar- 
macy is used for making Perchloride of Mercury and Sub- 
chloride of Mercury. 



1786. Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus. 

Yellow Subsulphate of Mercury — Basic Mercuric Sulphate — 
Turpcth Mineral. 

Hg(HgO) 3 S0 4 . 

Mercury, 10 parts or 2 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid, ... 5 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Nitric Acid, 4 parts or 4^ fl. drachms. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Upon the Mercury contained in a capacious flask pour the 
Sulphuric Acid, then gradually add the Nitric Acid previously 
mixed, with three parts or y 2 fl. ounce of Distilled Water, and 
digest at a gentle heat until reddish fumes are no longer given 
off. Transfer the mixture to a porcelain capsule and heat it 
on a sand-bath, frequently stirring, until a dry, white mass 
remains. Reduce this to a fine powder and throw it in small 
portions at a time, and constantly stirring into 200 parts or 
2^ pints of boiling Distilled Water. When all has been 
added continue the boiling for 10 minutes, then allow the 
precipitate to settle, decant the supernatant liquid, transfer 
the precipitate to a strainer, wash it with warm, Distilled 
Water until the washings no longer have an acid reaction, 
and dry in a moderately warm place. 

Uses. — This salt was formerly considerably used as an 
alterative, in doses of ^ to ]/ 2 grain, but is now mostly 
replaced for internal use by milder mercurial salts. 



HYDRARGYRUM — MERCURY. 531 



1787. Hydrargyri Sulphidum Rubrum. 

Red Sulpiride of Mercury — Cinnabar — Vermilion. 

HgS. 

The Native Red Sulphide of Mercury is called Cinnabar, 
but the manufactured article is usually called Vermilion. It 
is extensively used as a red pigment and is made by different 
manufacturers of different grades of brilliancy and value, the 
Chinese being considered the finest. The U. S. P. of 1870 
directed it to be made by melting 8 ounces of Sulphur, and 
gradually adding 40 ounces of Mercury, with constant stirring, 
continuing the heat until the mass begins to swell, then 
removing the vessel from the fire and covering it closely, to 
prevent from inflaming. When the mass is cold it is rubbed 
into a powder and sublimed. In medicine this is sometimes 
used as a fumigation, a small portion being put upon coals or 
a red hot shovel and the fumes inhaled. 



Other Salts of Mercury. 

The foregoing official Salts of Mercury embrace nearly all 
that are used to any extent in Pharmacy. A few other salts 
are sometimes employed for various purposes, and are here 
mentioned : 

1788. Acetate of Mercury. — Made by dissolving Oxide of Mercury in 
Acetic Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 

1789. Arseniate of Mercury.— I iy adding a solution of Arsenic Acid to 
a solution of Nitrate of Mercury and collecting the precipitate in the usual 
way. 

1790. Bromide of Mercury — Mercuric Bromide — HgBr 2 . — I'.y dis- 
solving Oxide of Mercury in a hot solution of Hydrobromic Acid, filtering, 
■ oncentrating and crystallizing. Mercurous Bromide 1 [gBr. may be made 
by precipitating a solution of Mercurous Nitrate by a solution of bromide of 
Potassium. 

1791. Carbonate of Mercury — Hg 8 CO 8 . — By precipitating a solution 
of Mercurous Nitrate with Acid Potassium Carbonate, and collecting the 

pitate. 



532 HYDROGENUM — HYDROGEN. 



1792. Nitrate of Mercury — Hg 2 (N0 3 ) 2 .2H 2 0. — By mixing 4 parts of 
Mercury with a mixture of 3 parts of Nitric Acid and 1 part of Water, and 
after 24 hours collecting the crystals. 

Several other unimportant Salts of Mercury are sometimes used but so- 
seldom as to require only mention, as Chlorate of Mercury, Chromate of 
Mercury. Lactate of Mercury, Phosphate of Mercury, etc. 



HYDROGENUM — HYDROGEN. 

Symbol, H. ; Atomic Weight, 1 ; Sp. gr., 1. 

The Element Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, inflammable 
gas, the lightest of all known substances. It rarely exists in 
Nature in a free state, but combined w r ith other substances 
from which it may be obtained by chemical action. 

In chemistry it is one of the most important elements, being 
used as the standard of comparison for all others, its atomic 
weight being taken as unity. It unites with all the gaseous 
elements, and a few of the metals and non-metals, forming 
binary compounds called Hydrides. It is present in Water, 
in all true acids, and in all organic radicals. Its affinity in the 
molecules of substances is less than most of the metals and 
other basic substances, and it is therefore replaced wholly 
or partly in the molecules by other bases when they are 
brought together. It forms gaseous, binary combinations 
with the haloid elements, Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine and 
Fluorine, the solutions of which in Water are called Hydro- 
acids, as Hydrobromic Acid, etc. It forms compounds with 
Antimony, Arsenic, Copper, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Selenium, 
Silicon and Tellurium. With Oxygen it forms two oxides, 
Water, H 2 0, and Peroxide of Hydrogen, H 2 2 , and with 
Nitrogen it unites to form Ammonia, H 3 N. Its compounds 
with Carbon form an extensive series of radicals, known as 
Hydrocarbons, among which are included the Alcohol and 
Benzene radicals, and it is a constituent of all alkaloids and 
other principles of plants. 

1793. — Peroxide of Hydrogen — H,0 2 . — Made by decomposing Peroxide 
of Barium by Hydrochloric Acid in the presence of ice-cold Water and the 
precipitation of the newly formed Barium Chloride by means of Sulphate of 



INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 533 

Silver, the Peroxide of Hydrogen remaining in solution. This compound is 
seldom made except in chemical laboratories. It is a wonderful bleaching 
agent and has been extensively employed by hair dressers for bleaching hair, 
making it blonde or golden. Blondine, a proprietary preparation for this 
purpose, is composed chiefly of this solution. 

1794. Hydracids. — The inorganic acids which are formed by the com- 
bination of Hydrogen with non-metallic elements, and do not contain 
Oxygen, are known as Hydracids. They are Hydrobromic Acid, Hydro- 
chloric Acid, Hydrofluoric Acid, Hydriodic Acid, Hydrosulphuric Acid, and 
Hvdrocvanic Acid. 



INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 

Infusions are preparations in which the medicinal strength 
of the drug is obtained by infusing or steeping it in hot 
Water without boiling. They were formerly much used, but 
on account of the superior convenience and greater reliability 
of fluid extracts and other modern galenicals are now but 
little employed except by the "old-time" physicians. The 
present U. S. P. contains but 5 of the 31 infusions that were 
formerly official. The Br. P. contains 28. 

As infusions (with the exception of Infusion Digitalis) 
contain no Alcohol or other preservative, they will keep only 
for a short time, and must be freshly made when wanted. 

It has become the custom in this country, when infusions 
are wanted for prescriptions, to mix the fluid extract of the 
drug directed, an equivalent quantity, with the Water directed 
to be used. This practice, although very convenient, is not to 
be commended. 

The following are the infusions official in the U. S. P. : 

x 795- General Formula for Infusions. 

The U. S. P. gives a general formula for infusions not 
specified in the Pharmacopoeia, from which they may be pre- 
pared as follows : 

The substance coarsely , 

. , 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 

1 omminuted, \ ' 

Boiling Water ioo parts or 10 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 



534 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 



Put the substance into a suitable vessel provided with a 
cover, pour upon it the boiling Water, cover the vessel tightly 
and let it stand for two hours. Then strain, and pass enough 
Water through the strainer to make the infusion weigh ioo 
parts or measure 10 fl. ounces. 

BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

It is evident from the nature of Infusions that the water- 
bath percolator is the most convenient vessel in which to 
make them. 

This formula may be used for making all Infusions which 
may be prescribed or directed, except those for which formulae 
are given : 

The substance, coarsely ground, i part or ounce. 
Water, sufficient to make . . . io parts or ounces. 

Having adjusted the perforated diaphragm or strainer in 
the bottom of a small-sized water-bath percolator, put the 
substance in the percolator and pour the water upon it. 
Cover the percolator closely with the cover, and having filled 
the vessel surrounding the percolator two-thirds full of Water, 
heat to boiling, continue the heat moderately for half an 
hour and draw off the liquid by the stop-cock, adding 
enough Water through the percolator to make io parts of 
the preparation. 



1796. Infusum Brayerae. 

Infusion of Bray era {Kousso). 

Brayera, in No. 20 powder, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Boiling Water, .... 100 parts or 1 pint. 

Pour the boiling Water upon the Brayera and let it macerate 
in a covered vessel until cool. 

This is to be dispensed, powder and all, in doses of from 4 
to 8 fl. ounces. 



IXFUSA — INFUSIONS. 535 

1797. Infusum Cinchonae. 

Infusion of Cinchona. 

Cinchona, in No. 40 powder, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 1 part or 75 minims. 
Water, to make . . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 

Mix the Acid with 50 parts of Water and moisten the 
powder with 3 parts of the mixture ; pack it firmly in a 
conical glass percolator and gradually pour upon it, first, the 
remainder of the mixture, and afterward, Water until the 
Infusion weighs 100 parts or measures a pint. The dose is a 
tablespoonful. 

1798. Infusum Digitalis. 

Infusion of Digitalis. 

Digitalis, 3 parts or ^ ounce av. 

Cinnamon, 3 parts or ^ ounce av. 

Boiling Water, .... 185 parts or 1 pint. 

Alcohol, 15 parts or 13^ fl. ounce. 

Pour the Boiling Water upon the mixed powders and 
macerate for two hours in a covered vessel. Then strain, add 
the Alcohol, and pass enough Water through the strainer to 
make the Infusion weigh 200 parts or measure 1 pint. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or two. 

1799. Infusum Pruni Virginianae. 

Infusion of Wild Cherry. 
Wild Cherry, in No. 40 powder, . . . 307 grains. 
Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

Moisten the powder with 6 fl. drachms of Water and macer- 
ate tor one hour; then pack firmly in a conical glass perco- 
lator, and gradually pour Water upon it until a pint of the 
Infusion is obtained. 

This Infusion is made with (.old Water because the heat of 
boiling Water volatilizes the Hydrocyanic Acid, to which its 
flavor and value is due. The dose is 1 to 2 fl. ounces. 



536 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 

1800. Infusum Sennae Compositum. 

Compound Infusion of Senna — Black Draught. 

Senna, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Manna, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 

Sulphate of Magnesium, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 
Fennel, bruised, ... 2 parts or y^ ounce av. 
Boiling Water, .... 100 parts or 1 pint. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Pour the boiling Water upon the solid ingredients and 
macerate in a covered vessel until cold. Then strain and add 
enough Water through the strainer to make the Infusion 
weigh 100 parts. 

The Compound Infusion of Senna, Black Draught, or 
Vienna DraugJit (Wiener Trank) of the German Pharmacopoeia 
is as follows : Senna, cut, 5 parts, boiling Water 30 parts. 
Heat them by means of a steam-bath for five minutes, when 
cold, strain and dissolve in the infusion Tartrate of Potassium 
and Sodium 5 parts, Manna 5 parts. The dose of Infusion of 
Senna Compound, as a laxative is from 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as a 
brisk purgative 4 to 6 fl. ounces. 



Other Infusions. 

The following are the official Infusions of the 1885 Br. P. 
Most of these were formerly official in the U. S. P. The dose 
of all the following, unless otherwise noted, is from i to 2 
fl. ounces: 

1801. Infusum Anthemidis — Infusion of Chamomile. — Chamomile 
Flowers J^ ounce, boiling Distilled Water 10 flounces. Infuse for 15 minutes 
in a covered vessel and strain. 

1802. Infusum Aurantii — Infusion of Orange Peel. — -Bitter Orange 
Peel cut small ]A ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Infuse for 15 
minutes in a covered vessel and strain. 

1803. Infusum Aurantii Compositum — Compound Infusion of Orange 
Peel. — Bitter Orange Peel cut small X ounce, Fresh Lemon Peel cut small, 
56 grains, Cloves bruised 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. 
Infuse in a covered vessel for 15 minutes and strain. 



INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 537 

1804. Infusum Buchu — Infusion of Buchu. — Buchu Leaves, bruised 
l i ounce, boiling, distilled Water 10 ft. ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
for half an hour and strain. 

1805. Infusum Calumbae — Infusion of Calumba. — Calumba Root cut 
small y 2 ounce, cold distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Macerate in a covered 
vessel (without heat) for half an hour and strain. 

1806. Infusum Caryophylli — Infusion of Cloves. — Cloves bruised % 
ounce, boiling distilled Water, 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
half an hour and strain. 

1807. Infusum Cascarillae — Infiision of Cascarilla. — Cascarilla Bark 
in No. 20 powder 1 ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse for 
half an hour in a covered vessel and strain. 

1808. Infusum Catechu — Infusion of Catechu. — Catechu in coarse 
powder 160 grains, Cinnamon Bark bruised 30 grains, boiling distilled Water 
10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for half an hour and strain. 

1809. Infusum Chiratae — Infusion of Chiretta. — Chiretta, cut small 
% ounce, distilled Water at 120 F. 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
for half an hour and strain. 

1810. Infusum Cinchonae Acidum — Acid Infusion of Cinchona. — Red 
Cinchona Bark in No. 40 powder }4 ounce, Aromatic Sulphuric Acid 1 
rl. drachm, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
for one hour and strain. This is similar to the U. S. Infusion of Chinchona. 

181 1. Infusum Cusparise — Infusion of Ctcsparia. — Cusparia Bark in 
No. 40 powder % ounce, distilled Water at 120 F. 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in 
a covered vessel for one hour and strain. 

1812. Infusum Cusso — Infusion of Kousso. — Kousso in coarse powder 
yi ounce, boiling distilled Water 8 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
1 5 minutes. Not to be strained. Dose 4 to 8 fl.ounces. This is similar 
to the U. S. Infusion of Kousso. 

1813. Infusum Digitalis — Infusion of Digitalis. — Foxglove Leaves, 
dried 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for 15 minutes and strain. Dose, 2 to 4 rl.drachms. This is only 
about half the strength of the U. S. Infusion of Digitalis. 

1814. Infusum Ergots — Infusion of Ergot. — Ergot crushed % ounce, 
boiling, distilled Water, 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for half an 
hour and strain. 

1815. Infusum Gentianae Compositum — Compound Infusum of Gen- 
tian.— Gentian Root, sliced, Bitter Orange Peel cut small, of each, 55 grains, 
Fresh Lemon Peel, cut small % ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 ll.ounces. 
Infuse in a covered vessel for half an hour and strain. 

The U. S. 1870 Compound Infusion of Gentian, which is still considerably 
used, was Gentian x / 2 tr .ounce, Bitter Orange Peel, Coriander Seed, each 60 



538 INFUSA — INFUSIONS. 

grains, Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Water sufficient to make a pint. The Alcohol 
was mixed with 14 fl.ounces of Water and the drugs percolated with the 
mixture. 

1816. Infusum Jaborandi — Infusion of faborandi. — Jaborandi, cut 
small Yz ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for half an hour and strain. 

1817. Infusum Krameriae — Infusion of Rhatany. — Rhatany Root % 
ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for 
half an hour, and strain. 

1818. Infusum Lini — Infusion of Linseed. — Linseed 1 50 grains, Dried 
Liquorice Root, in No. 20 powder 50 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 
fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain. 

1819. Infusum Lupuli — Infusion of Hop. — Hop % ounce, boiling dis- 
tilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour, and 
strain. 

1820. Infusum Maticae — Infusion of Matico. — Matico Leaves, cut small 
y z ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered vessel 
for half an hour, and strain. 

1821. Infusum Quassia? — Infusion of Quassia.— Quassia Wood, in 
chips 55 grains, cold distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Macerate in a covered 
vessel (without heat), for half an hour, and strain. 

1822. Infusum Rhei — Infusion of Rhubarb. — Rhubarb Root, in thin 
slices % ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for half an hour, and strain. 

1823. Infusum Rosae Acidum — Acid Infusion of Roses. — Dried Red 
Rose Petals, broken up, % ounce. Diluted Sulphuric Acid 1 fl.drachm, boil- 
ing distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Add the Acid to the Water, infuse the 
petals in the mixture in a covered vessel for half an hour, and strain. 

1824. Infusum Senagae — Infusion of Senega. — Senega Root in No. 20 
powder yi ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for half an hour, and strain. 

1825. Infusum Sennas — Infusion of Senna. — Senna 1 ounce, Ginger, 
sliced 28 grains, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for half an hour, and strain. 

1826. Infusum Serpentariae — Infusion of Serpenlary. — Serpentary 
Root in No. 20 powder X ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse 
in a covered vessel for half an hour, and strain. 

1827. Infusum Uvae Ursi — Infusion of Bearberry. — Uva Ursi Leaves, 
bruised V z ounce, boiling distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for one hour, and strain. 



IODOFORMUM — IODOFORM. 539 



1828. Infusum Valerianae— Infusion of Valerian. — Valerian Rhizome, 
bruised % ounce, boiling- distilled Water 10 fl. ounces. Infuse in a covered 
vessel for one hour, and strain. 

The foregoing Infusions include all that are at present official in the U. S., 
Br. and G. Pharmacopoeias, and all for which there is generally a demand ; 
if others are desired, they may be made by the general directions in the 
beginning of this article. 



1829. IODOFORMUM — IODOFORM. 

CHI3. 

To prepare Iodoform, Felhol's process is usually chosen as 
being most economical. Two parts of Crystallized Carbonate 
of Sodium are dissolved in 10 parts of Water and 1 part of 
Alcohol, by the aid of gentle heat, 1 part of Iodine is then 
added to the solution in small portions, and after cooling the 
crystals are collected, and the solution or mother liquor fil- 
tered. This is warmed, 2 parts of Carbonate of Sodium are 
again added, and a current of Chlorine passed rapidly through 
the mixture as long as Iodoform is separated. The crystals 
are then washed with a little cold Water and carefully dried. 

Iodoform is insoluble in Water, but soluble in Alcohol, 
Ether, Chloroform, etc. It has a peculiar, disagreeable odor, 
which makes it objectionable in medicines, but this is in a 
measure overcome by the addition of Oil of Peppermint or 
other strongly flavored oils. 

Caff-Iodoform is a mixture of finely powdered Coffee with 
Iodoform, intended to overcome its disagreeable odor, which 
it does imperfectly. 

Uses. — Iodoform is given internally as an alterative, in 
doses of 1 to 3 grains, but is chiefly used in the form of oint- 
ment, in suppositories, and as a dusting to sores, ulcers. 
Syphilitic growths and diseased surfaces. It is also used as a 
al dressing in the form of Iodoform Cotton, which is made 
by dissolving 24 grains of Iodoform in a mixture of 4 11. drachms 
of Alcohol with 2 fl.drachms of Ether, and adding 2 fl.drachms 
of Glycerin, saturating 360 grains of Purified Cotton with the 

liquid, and drying by exposure to the air. 



540 IODUM— IODINE. 



IODUM — IODINE. 

Symbol, I ; Atomic Weight, 126.6; Sp. gr., 4.95. 

Iodine is a non-metallic element, first discovered by De 
Courtois, in 1812, examined and described in 181 3, by M. 
Clement, and assigned a place as an element soon afterward 
by Sir H. Davy and M. Gay Lussac. 

It is chiefly obtained from Kelp, the ashes of sea-weeds, 
obtained off the coast of Scotland, by percolating them with 
Water, filtering the percolate, concentrating it by evaporation 
to a small volume, removing the crystalline salts as they form in 
the liquid during evaporation, and adding finally to the dark- 
brown liquid residue, which is called Iodine Lye, Sulphuric 
Acid in excess. After standing, the liquid is decanted, heated 
to about 140 F., and mixed with Binoxide of Manganese, as 
much as was used of Acid. The whole is then introduced into 
a cylindrical leaden still, heat is applied and the vapor of 
Iodine which rises is condensed in glass receivers. It is then 
" resublimed," and in this form is furnished to the trade. 

Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine and Fluorine are classed in 
chemistry as hologcns (salt-producers). Their characteristics and 
properties are similar. 

Iodine unites with the most of the metallic bases, forming 
a class of salts called Iodides ; with Hydrogen it forms Hydri- 
odic Acid, which also combines with bases to form Iodides, the 
Hydrogen being displaced. With Oxygen it forms iodic and 
periodic anhydrides, which unite with bases in the presence of 
Water, forming iodates. 

In pharmacy Iodine is used in the form of tincture, solu- 
tions and ointments, and for making Hydriodic Acid, Iodo- 
form and many well-known salts, etc. Medicinally, it is seldom 
used except in solution or admixture with other substances. 
The combinations of Iodine with bases are noticed under the 
basic substances. The following are the combinations of 
Iodine with Hydrogen and Oxygen, called Acids : 

Acids of Iodine. 

1830. Hydriodic Acid — HI. — A solution of this gas in Water is made 
by passing a current of Hydrosulphuric Acid gas through a solution of Iodine 



LAC — MILK. 541 



until it acquires a pure yellowish color, and ceases to turn brown on shak- 
ing. This solution was formerly made by the U. S. process to contain 15 
per cent, of real Hydriodic Acid, but is not now official. The Syrup of 
Hydriodic Acid, which is the only official preparation, contains 1 per cent, of 
the real Acid. 

1831, Iodic Acid or Anhydride — HI0 3 . — This is made by heating 1 
part of Iodine with 10 parts of Nitric Acid in a retort until the Iodine is 
dissolved and fumes cease to be evolved. The solution is then evaporated 
and the residue heated to 200 F. until all traces of acid are removed. The 
white powder is Iodic Anhydride. 

1832. Periodic Acid or Anhydride — HI0 4 . — By adding 1 part of Iodine 
to 7 parts of Carbonate of Sodium dissolved in 100 parts of Water, and 
passing Chlorine into the heated liquid until a precipitate ceases to form. 
Collect this precipitate, dissolve it in pure Nitric Acid then add Nitrate of 
Silver, and dissolve the precipitate which forms in hot, diluted Nitric Acid. 
Concentrate the solution and crystallize, then re-dissolve the crystals in Water 
and re-crystallize. 



LAC — MILK. 



Milk obtained from the mammary glands of the cow, goat, 
or mare is the source of many important articles employed in 
pharmacy and medicine. It consists of about 85 per cent, of 
water and 15 per cent, of solid constituents, the most import- 
ant of which are butter (327), casein, of which cheese is made, 
and milk-sugar. The following are the preparations used in 
pharmacy which are derived from milk: 

1833. Condensed Milk. — Made by evaporating Milk in vacuo at a low 
temperature until most of its water has been vaporized and it is reduced to 
the consistence of an extract. It is only made by large manufacturing estab- 
lishments, and is usually put up in sealed cans. It may be used advantage- 
ously for making emulsions. 

1834. Koumiss.— This is milk prepared as a beverage or nutritive drink 
for invalids. It was first introduced by the Russians, who made it by fer- 
menting mare's milk, but is now made quite extensively in this country from 
cow's milk, by adding to one gallon of skimmed sweet Milk 4 ounces of 
white Sugar and a cake of Vienna Yeast. This is allowed to stand in a 
warm place for a few hours and is then transferred to pint or quart bottles, 
which are tightly Stopped and set in a warm place, for a few hours to ferment 
and then put on their sides in a cool cellar. In about three days it is ready 
for use. Koumiss does not keep a great while, and when opened, like cham- 

loses its gas and becomes worthless. Small quantities, as wanted 
for use. may be drawn from the bottles by a champagne tap. 



542 LAMELL/E — DISCS. 



1835. Saccharum Lactis— Sugar of Milk— C, gH^O, , .H 2 0.— When 
the Casein and albuminous matter has been separated from Milk, as in the 
process of making cheese, there remains a liquid called whey, which con- 
tains Milk-Sugar in solution. This may be obtained by evaporating the 
whey, purifying the syrup obtained, and allowing the Milk-Sugar to crystal- 
lize. The best Sugar of Milk is obtained from goat's milk, but cow's milk 
yields a good quality when properly treated. 

Uses. — Milk-Sugar is used in pharmacy as a dilutent to powerful alka- 
loids and other medicines which are triturated with it to a very fine powder. 
It is used in making abstracts, powdered extracts, triturations, saccharated 
pepsin, and many other similar preparations. It is much harder and less 
soluble than other sugars. 

1836. Acidum Lacticum — Lactic Acid — HC 3 H 5 3 . — By standing, 
Milk becomes sour, or, rather, its milk-sugar is converted by oxidation into 
Lactic Acid, which may be obtained from it by various processes. It is 
made, however, by manufacturing chemists from cane sugar by treating it 
with sulphuric acid until "inverted," then adding caustic soda and heating 
the mixture until it ceases to precipitate Fehling's solution, showing the 
absence of sugar. To this, sulphuric acid is then added, which forms sodium 
sulphate, which crystallizes out. The liquid is then mixed with alcohol, 
allowed to precipitate, and one half the alcoholic solution heated with car- 
bonate of zinc until effervescense ceases ; the other half is then added, and, 
when cool, zinc Lactate crystallizes out, which, when treated with hydrosul- 
phuric acid, yields sulphide of zinc in crystals, Lactic Acid remaining in 
solution. 

Uses. — The salts of Lactic Acid, with bases, are called Lactates, for mak- 
ing which it is chiefly employed. It is also used in making some solutions, 
syrups, elixirs, etc., and in medicine to aid digestion, etc. (See 36.) 



LAMELLA — DISCS. 

The 1885 Br. P. introduces, under this name, the following 
preparations : 

1837. Lamellae Atropine — Discs of Atropine. — Discs of Gelatine with 
some Glycerin, each weighing about ^ grain and containing -j-^ grain of 
Sulphate of Atropine. 

1838. Lamellae Cocoainae — Discs of Cocoaine. — Discs of Gelatine with 
some Glycerin, each weighing about 7 V grain and containing 3^0 grain of 
Hydrochlorate of Cocaine. 

1839. Lamellae Physostigminae — Discs of Physostigimine. — Discs of 
Gelatine, with some Glycerin, each weighing about -^ grain, and containing 
ttiVo grain of Physostigmine. 



LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 543 



LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 

Liniments in pharmacy are solutions or liquid mixtures 
intended for external application, and generally applied by 
rubbing on the skin with friction, for reducing swellings, 
relieving pain, etc. A great number of proprietary liniments 
are also recommended for internal use as well as application. 
Under this heading only, the liniments which are official in 
the U. S., Br. or German Pharmacopoeias will be noticed. 
Those popular as proprietary remedies, will be found under 
The Standard Remedies, etc. 

The following are the formulae for liniments official in the 
U. S., Br. and German Pharmacopoeias: 

1840. Linimentum Aconiti — Aconite Liniment. — Aconite Root in No. 
40 powder 20 ounces av., Camphor 1 ounce av., Rectified Spirit, a sufficient 
quantity to make 30 fl. ounces (Imperial measure). Mix the Aconite with 
20 fl. ounces of the spirit and macerate in a closed vessel for three days, 
agitating occasionally; then transfer to a percolator, and when the liquor 
ceases to pass continue the percolation with more of the spirit, allowing 
the liquor to drop into a receiver containing the Camphor, until the product 
measures the quantity above stated. Br. 

1841. Linimentum Ammoniae — Ammonia Liniment. — The U. S. P. 
directs Water of Ammonia 30 parts or 3 ounces av. Cotton Seed Oil 70 
parts or 7 ounces av., to be mixed together with violent agitation. 

The I Jr. P. directs 1 part or fl. ounce of Solution (Water) of Ammonia to be 
mixed with 3 parts or fl.ounces of Olive Oil. 

The G. P. directs 3 parts Olive Oil, 1 part Poppy Oil and 1 part Water of 
Ammonia. 

The French Codex directs 90 parts Almond Oil to 10 parts of 4 F. Water 
Ammonia. 

The U. S. preparation has been found defective, as it will not remain 
mixed without separating. 

The I!r. formula makes a preparation which solidifies or becomes too thick 
upon standing for some time. 

The German contains too much oil for the. Ammonia. 

ring half Olive I >il with the Cotton Seed Oil. in the U. S. formula, or 
by .substituting nil of Hemic altogether for the Cotton Seed Oil, a stable and 
tionable Liniment is produced. 

This Liniment is popularly known as Volatile Liniment. 

1842. Linimentum Belladonnae - Belladonna Liniment. The U. S. 
formula is, Fluid Extract of Belladonna (root) 95 parts or 9>i fl.ounces 



544 LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 

Camphor 5 parts or % ounce av. Dissolve the Camphor in the Fluid 
Extract. 

The Br. P. directs a strong tincture of Belladonna Root to be made in the 
same manner and in the same proportion as is directed for making Linimen- 
tum Aconiti, and Camphor 1 ounce av. to be dissolved in the tincture thus 
prepared to make 30 fl. ounces (Imperial measure). 

1843. Linimentum Calcis — Lime Liniment. — Solution of Lime 1 part 
or 2 fl. ounces, Cotton Seed Oil or Olive Oil 1 part or 2 fl.ounces. Mix them 
by agitation. The U. S. P. directs Cotton Seed Oil, the Br. P. Olive Oil. 
The 1870 U. S. P. directed equal parts of Lime Water and Flax Seed Oil, 
which formula is still followed by most druggists. As thus prepared it was 
popularly known as Carron Oil, deriving its name from the Carron Iron 
Works, Scotland, where it was extensively used for burns. 

1844. Linimentum Camphorae — 'Camphor Liniment, Camphorated Oil. 
— The U. S. formula is, Camphor 20 parts or 3 ounces av., Cotton Seed Oil 
80 parts or 1 2 ounces av. The Camphor is to be dissolved in the Oil. The 
Br. P. directs Olive Oil in the same proportion in place of the Cotton Seed 
Oil. The G. P., under the name Oleum Camphoratum, directs 1 part of 
Camphor to be dissolved in 9 parts of Olive Oil, making a preparation only 
about two thirds the strength of Camphor as the U. S. or Br. 

1845. Linimentum Camphorae Compositum — Compound Camphor Lin- 
iment. — Br. Camphor 2^ ounces av., Oil of Lavender 1 fl. drachm, strong 
solution of Ammonia 5 fl.ounces (Imperial measure), Rectified Spirit 15 
fl.ounces (Imperial measure). Dissolve the Camphor and Oil of Lavender in 
the Spirit, then add the solution of Ammonia, gradually shaking them 
together until a clear solution is formed. 

1846. Linimentum Camphorae Ammoniatum — Ammoniated Camphor 
Liniment. — The G. P. directs Camphorated Oil (see G. P. formula above) 
3 parts, Poppy Oil 1 part, Water of Ammonia 1 part. Mix them to a uni- 
form Liniment by shaking. 

1847. Linimentum Cantharidis — Cantharides Liniment. — The U. S. 

formula is Cantharides in No. 60 powder 15 parts or 2 ounces av., Oil of 
Turpentine sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. Digest the Cantharides 
with 100 parts or 1 pint Oil of Turpentine in a closed vessel, by means of a 
water-bath, for three hours ; then strain and add enough Oil of Turpentine 
through the strainer to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 

1848. Linimentum Chloroformi — Chloroform Liniment. — The U. S. 
formula is commercial Chloroform 40 parts or 2 fl.ounces, Soap Liniment 60 
parts or S'A fl.ounces. Mix them. 

The Br. P. directs Chloroform 2 fl.ounces, Liniment of Camphor 2 fl.ounces. 

1849. Linimentum Crotonis — Liniment of Croton Oil. — This is official 
in the Br. P., the formula being Croton Oil 1 fl.ounce, Oil of Cajuput 3^ 
fl.ounces, Rectified Spirit y/ 2 fl.ounces. 



LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 545 

1850. Linimentum Hydrargyri — Liniment of Mercury. — This is offi- 
cial in the Br. P., as follows : Ointment of Mercury 1 ounce, Solution 
(Water) of Ammonia 1 fl. ounce, Liniment of Camphor 1 fl. ounce. Mix the 
Solution of Ammonia with one half the Liniment of Camphor, rub the Mer- 
curial Ointment with the other half, and mix them together. 

1851. Linimentum Iodi — Liniment of Iodine. — This is rather a solu- 
tion than a liniment. It is official only in the Br. P. Iodine 1% ounce aw, 
Iodide of Potassium l / z ounce av., Glycerin % ounce av., Rectified Spirit 10 
rl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodine, Iodide of Potassium, and Glycerin in the 
Spirit. 

1852. Linimentum Opii — Liniment of Opium. — This is official in the 
Br. P., being simply a mixture of equal parts by measure of Tincture of 
Opium and Soap Liniment. 

1853. Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis — Liniment of Subacetate of. 
Lead. — The U. S. P. directs this to be made with Solution Subacetate of 
Lead 40 parts or 2 ounces av., Cotton Seed Oil 60 parts or 3 ounces av., by 
mixing them well together. 

1854. Linimentum Potassii Iodidi cum Sapone — Liniment of Iodide 
of Potassium and Soap. — The Br. P. formula is as follows : Curd Soap cut 
small 2 ounces av., Iodide of Potassium i>< ounce av., Glycerin 1 fLounce, 
Oil of Lemon 1 fl. drachm, distilled Water 10 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Soap 
in the Water and Glycerin by the aid of heat, add the Iodide of Potassium in 
fine powder and stir while cooling, then rub the Oil of Lemon into the cream- 
like product. 

1855. Linimentum Saponis — Soap Liniment. Liquid Opodeldoc. — 
The U. S. formula is soap, in shavings 10 parts or 480 grains, Camphor 5 
parts or 240 grains, Oil Rosemary 1 part or 48 grains, Alcohol 70 parts or 9 
fl.ounces, Water q. s. to make 100 parts or lyi. fl.ounces. The soap is 
digested in the Water until dissolved. The Camphor and oil are dissolved 
in the Alcohol ; the solutions are then mixed and filtered. The Br. formula 
is about the same. In our experience, however, we find that a larger propor- 
tion of Water is advantageous, and so give the following: 

Improved Formula — White Castile Soap, dry 4% ounces av., Camphor 

1% ounces av., oil Rosemary }< II. ounce, Alcohol 32 fl.ounces, Water 8 

the soap in the Water on a water-bath until dissolved; 

dissolve the Camphor and oil in the Alcohol, then mix the solutions and filter. 

1856. Linimentum Sinapis Compositum — Compound Mustard Lini- 
ment, The I'. S. formula is, Volatile Oil of Mustard 3 parts or 1 fl.dracbm, 
Extract of Mezereum 2 parts or 40 grains, Camphor 6 parts or 120 grains, 
Castor Oil 15 parts or 6 fi.drachms, Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts 01 
\% fl.ounces. Dissolve the extract in 70 parts or 4 fl.ounces of Alcohol, 
then add the oil <,f Mustard and the Castor oil, and, finally, enough Alcohol 

t" make 100 parts or 5'.. II. miners. The Br. formula is about the same. 



546 LIQUORES— SOLUTIONS. 



1857. Linimentum Terebinthinae — Turpentine Liniment. — The U.S. 
formula is Resin Cerate 65 parts or 13 ounces av., Oil of Turpentine 35 parts 
or 8 fl. ounces. Melt the Cerate and add the Oil of Turpentine, mixing 
them thoroughly. 

The Br. P. directs Soft Soap 2 ounces av., distilled Water 2 fi. ounces, 
Camphor 1 ounce av., Oil of Turpentine 16 fi. ounces. Mix the Soap with 
the Water, dissolve the Camphor in the oil, then rub the fluids together until 
they are thoroughly mixed. 

The G. P. gives the following: Carbonate of Potassium 6 parts, Soft Soap 
54 parts, Oil of Turpentine 40 parts. Mix them. 

1858. Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum — Liniment of Turpentine 
and Acetic Acid. — Oil of Turpentine 4 fl. ounces, Glacial Acetic Acid 1 
ounce av., Liniment of Camphor, 4 fl. ounces. Mix them. Br. 



Other Liniments. 

Other liniments will be found under other headings, as Proprietary 
Medicines, Standard Remedies, etc. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

Under this general classification, a great variety of liquid 
preparations, widely dissimilar in methods of making, charac- 
teristics, properties, and strength are included. 

The Liquorcs of the U. S. P. are chiefly aqueous solutions 
of Chemical Salts. 

The Br. P. includes solutions of the gases, ammonia and 
chlorine, several solutions of salts charged with carbonic acid 
gas, and some preparations made with alcoholic or other 
mediums, and the name "solutions" as popularly understood 
includes preparations in nearly all classes of liquid galenicals. 

In this department the solutions official in the U. S., Br., 
and German Pharmacopoeias are first given ; then the solu- 
tions convenient for use in making elixirs, syrups and other 
similar preparations; then the test-solutions and such un- 
official solutions as are frequently called for. Many other 
solutions are also included under other headings, as ACIDS, 
Coloring Substances, Dialysates, Glycerites, etc., etc. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 547 

The following are the official solutions of the U. S., Br. and 
German Pharmacopoeias. They are given less prominence 
than the solutions which are employed for combining with 
elixirs, syrups, etc. : 

1859. Liquor Acidi Arseniosi. 

Solution of Arsenious Acid — Solution Chloride of Arsenic. 
The U. S. P. directs : 

Arsenious Acid in small pieces 1 part or 74 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid 2 parts or 135 minims. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make . . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 

Boil the Arsenious Acid with the Hydrochloric Acid mixed with 25 parts 
or 4 II. ounces of Distilled Water, until it is dissolved. Filter the solution 
and pass enough Distilled Water through the filter to make 100 parts or one 
pint. 

The Br. formula, under the name Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus, is 
Arsenious Acid in powder 87 grains, Hydrochloric Acid 2 fl. drachms, Dis- 
tilled Water a sufficiency to make 20 fl. ounces (Imperial). 

Uses. — This solution is used as an alterative, the same as Fowler's Solu- 
tion, in doses of 2 to 5 minims. 

i860. Liquor Acidi Chromici. Br. 

Solution of Chromic Acid. 
The Br. P. gives the following formula : 

Chromic Acid 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, 3 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. This solution is used as an escharotic and caustic. 

1861. Liquor Aluminii Acetici. G. P. 

Solution of Acetate of Aluminium. 

Sulphate of Aluminium 300 parts. 

Acetic Acid 360 parts. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium . . poparts. 

Water 1 000 parts. 

Dissolve the Sulphate of Aluminium in 800 parts of Water, add the Acetic 
A' nl and having triturated the Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium with 2co 
parts of Water, add it gradually to the solution, stirring constantly. Let the 
mixture stand 24 hours at the ordinary temperature, stirring frequently; 
then strain the liquid from the sediment, press the latter without washing it 
and filter the liquid. 



548 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1862. Liquor Ammoniac. Br. 

Solution of Ammonia. 

The 10 per cent, solution of Ammonia Gas, NH 3 , which is known in the 
U. S. as Water of Ammonia. In the G. P. is called Liquor Ammonii 
Caustici. See Aqua Ammonia ( 145). 

1863. Liquor Ammonias Fortior. Br. 

Strong Solution of Ammonia. 

This official of the Br. P. is a 32.5 per cent, solution of Ammonia Gas in 
Water; the U. S. stronger Water of Ammonia being a 28 per cent, solu- 
tion. See Aqua Ammonia Fortior (146). 

1864. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. 

Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. — Spirit of M indereras. 

The U. S. process for making this solution is to neutralize any convenient 
quantity of Diluted Acetic Acid with Carbonate of Ammonium, by adding 
the salt to the Dilute Acid as long as effervescence occurs. As Carbonate 
of Ammonium contains a variable quantity of Ammonia Gas, definite pro- 
portions cannot well be given ; but in general 1 ounce av. of Carbonate of 
Ammonium, if fresh, will neutralize about a pint of Dilute Acetic Acid. 

The Br. P. directs this solution to be made by mixing 4 fl. ounces of the 
strong solution of Acetate of Ammonium (1865) with 16 fl.ouncesof Distilled 
Water. 

The G. P. directs it to be made by neutralizing Water of Ammonia 10 
parts with Acetic Acid 12 parts, or sufficient, and heating to evaporate 
excess of Ammonia. 

Uses. — This solution is used as a diaphoretic or diuretic in doses of 4 to 6 
fl.drachms. 

1865. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis Fortior. Br. 

Strong Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. 

Carbonate of Ammonium 5 ounces av. 

Acetic Acid, a sufficiency, or 13 flounces. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make 16 flounces. 

Crush the Carb. Ammonium and add it gradually to 12 ounces of the 
Acetic Acid, then add more of the acid until a neutral solution results. 
To this add sufficient water to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Uses. — This is a convenient solution to keep on hand for preparing the 
ordinary solution of Acetate of Ammonia. It is five times as strong as the 
foregoing. The dose is }i to 1^ drachm. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 549 



1866. Liquor Ammonii Anisatus. G. P. 

Anisated Spirit of Ammonia. 

Oil of Anise 1 part. 

Alcohol 24 parts. 

Solution (Water) of Ammonia, 5 parts. 

Mix the Oil of Anise with the Alcohol and dissolve, then add the Water of 
Ammonia. 

1867. Liquor Ammonii Citratis. Br. 

Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. 

Strong Solution Citrate of Ammonium, 5 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water 15 flounces. 

Mix them. The dose is 2 to 6 fl. drachms. 



1868. Liquor Ammonii Citratis Fortior. Br. 

Stro7ig Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. 

Citric Acid, 12 ounces av. 

Strong Solution of Ammonia, Br., a sufficiency, or . 11 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Neutralize the Add with the Ammonia, adding sufficient Distilled Water 
to yield 20 fl. ounces (Imperial) of the product. If U. S. stronger Water of 
Ammonia is used, a larger quantity will be required. 



1869. Liquor Antimonii Chloridi. Br. 

Solution of Chloride of Antimony — Butter of Antimony — Perchloride 
of Antimony. 

Purified Black Antimony 1 pound av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, Br 80 fl.ounces (Imperial). 

Place the Purified Black Antimony in a porcelain vessel, pour upon it the 
Hydrochloric Acid, and, constantly stirring, apply to the mixture, beneath a 
Que with a good draft, a little heat, which must be gradually augmented as 
the evolution of gas begins to slacken un' il the liquid boils. Maintain it at 
this temperature for fifteen minutes, then remove the vessel from the fire and 
filter the liquid through calico into another vessel, until clear. Boil this down 
to the bulk of 40 fl. ounces (Imperial) and preserve it in stopped bottles. 

Uses. -This solution is familiarly known as Butter of Antimony, and is 
Used as an escharotic for foul ulcers, and for " fouls " of sheep and cattle, etc. 
In pharmacy it is used for making the Oxide of Antimony. 



550 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1870. Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi. 

Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury — Donovan's Solution. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Iodide of Arsenic, 1 part or 74 grains. 

Red Iodide of Mercury, 1 part or 74 grains. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make 100 parts or . . . 1 pint. 

Triturate the Iodides with 15 parts or 2 flounces of Distilled Water until 
dissolved. Filler the liquid and pass enough Distilled Water through the 
filter to make 100 parts or 1 pint of the solution. 

The Br. formula is 45 grains each Iodide of Arsenicum and Red Iodide of 
Mercury, dissolved in 10 fl. ounces (Imperial) of Distilled Water. 

Uses. — Donovan's Solution contains about 1 per cent, of each of the 
iodides, and is employed as an alterative, the same as Fowler's, in doses of 
3 to 5 minims. It should be largely diluted when prescribed, and may best 
be given in the form of an elixir, which see (525). 



1871. Liquor Arsenitis Potassii. 

Solution of Arsenite of Potassium — Fowler's Solution. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Arsenious Acid in small pieces, 1 part or .... 74 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium, 1 part or 74 grains. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender, 3 parts or . . . 2 fl. drachms. 
Distilled Water sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. 

Boil the Arsenious Acid and Bicarbonate of Potassium in a glass vessel 
with 10 parts or 1 J^ fl.ounces of Distilled Water until dissolved. Then when 
cool add the Compound Tincture of Lavender and enough Distilled Water to 
make 100 parts or a pint of the solution. Then set aside for eight days and 
filter. 

The Br. P., under the name Liquor Arsenicalis, directs Arsenious Acid 87 
grains, Carbonate of Potassium 87 grains, Compound Tincture of Lavender 
5 fl.drachms, Distilled Water a sufficient quantity to make 20 fl.ounces 
(Imperial). 

The German formula Liquor Kalii Arsenicosi is the same as the Br. 
except that Compound Spirit of Balm is used as the flavoring ingredient. 

Uses. — Fowler's Solution, as it is popularly known, contains 1 per cent, 
of Arsenious Acid or about 4^- grains in an ounce. It is much employed in 
medicine as an alterative in doses of three to five minims. It should be 
largely diluted when given, and is best exhibited in the form of an elixir, 
which see (524). 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 551 



1872. Liquor Atropinae Sulphatis. Br. 

Solution of Sulphate of Atropine. 

Sulphate of Atropine, 1 part or 9 grains. 

Camphor Wattr, 99 fl. parts or i6>£ fl. drachms. 

Dissolve. The strength is 1 to 100. The dose is one to 4 minims. 
A great variety of Solutions of Alkaloidal Salts may be made in a similar 
manner to ihis. Some of them are prepared for hypodermic injections and 
for internal use. 

1873. Liquor Bismuthi. 

Liquor Bismuth — Solution of Bismuth. 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium . 256 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, a sufficient quantity, 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Bismuth Salt to a smooth mixture with 2 fl.ounces of Distilled 
Water, and add Water of Ammonia drop by drop until the salt is dissolved 
and the solution is clear or nearly clear, then add Distilled Water enough to 
make a pint, and after standing a few hours filter through paper. 

This solution is not official in the U. S., but is such as is furnished by 
manufacturers and prescribed by physicians under this title. Elixir Bismuth 
(536) contains the same amount of the salt, and is to be preferred to it. 

The Br. P., under the name Liquor Bismuthi et Ammonii Li/ratis, gives 
the following : 

Citrate of Bismuth, 800 grains. 

Solution (Water) of Ammonia, ) 

Distilled Water f of each a sufficiency. 

Rub the Citrate of Bismuth to a paste with a little of the Water ; add the 
Solution of Ammonia, gradually and with stirring, until the salt is just dis- 
solved, and dilute with Distilled Water to form 20 fi. ounces (Imperial). 

Tnis solution contains 5 grains of Citrate of Bismuth in a 11. drachm or 
about z)A times as much of the Bismuth Salt as the foregoing, and the dose 
is y 2 to a fi. drachm. In Br. pharmacy it is evaporated over a water-bath to 
the consistence of a syrup, and spread upon glass in thin layers, to make the 
Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium Salt. 

A strong solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium for combining 
wiili elixirs, eic, is also given (1924). 

1874. Liquor Calcii Chloridi. Br. 

Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 

Chloride of Calcium 88 grains. 

Distilled Water 1 flounce. 

Dissolve, and filter if necessary. Dose, 15 to 50 minims. 



552 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

1875. Liquor Calcis. 

Solution of Lime — Lime Water, 

The U. S. formula is Lime ]/ z ounce, which is to be slaked by the gradual 
addition of about 3 fl. ounces of Water, a pint of Water is then to be added 
and the mixture agitated occasionally for half an hour, and allowed to settle. 
The Water is then to be poured off and thrown away, and 1 gallon of 
Distilled Water poured upon the remaining precipitate which is to be mixed 
with it and allowed to settle, when the clear supernatant fluid is ready for 
use. It contains about 0.15 per cent, of Hydrate of Calcium in solution. 

The Br. P. directs 2 ounces of slaked Lime to be well washed with water, 
and the washed Lime to be added to 1 gallon (160 fl. ounces Imperial) of 
Distilled Water. As Solution of Lime is a saturated solution, the U. S. and 
Br. preparations are the same strength. 

Uses. — Solution of Lime, or Lime Water, as it is popularly called, is 
much used to allay irritation of the stomach, nausea, etc., and externally in 
the form of liniments, washes, etc., to sooth irritation and inflammation. The 
dose internally is from ^ to 4 fl. ounces. 

1876. Liquor Calcis Chlorinatae. Br. 

Chlorinated Lime, 1 part or 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, 10 parts or 10 fl.ounces. 

Mix them well by triturating in a mortar, and set away in a stoppered bot- 
tle for three hours, with occasional agitation, then Alter through a calico filter 
until clear. 

1877. Liquor Calcis Saccharatus. Br. 

Saccharated Solution of Lime. 

Slaked Lime 1 ounce. 

Sugar 2 ounces. 

Distilled Water 20 fl.ounces. 

Mix the Lime and Sugar by trituration in a mortar and add the mixture to 
a bottle containing the Water; shake occasionally for a few hours, and finally 
decant the clear liquid for use. The Sugar adds to the solubility of the Lime. 
Uses. — This solution is given for the same purposes as ordinary Lime 
Water, the dose being from 15 to 60 minims. The U. S. Syrupus Calcis is a 
much stronger preparation. See also Stronger Lime Water (852.) 

1878. Liquor Chlori. Br. 

Solution of Chlori7ie — Chlorine Water. 

This is the Aqua Chlori formerly official in the U. S. P. and still official in 
the Br. P. under the above title. See page 235. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 553 

1879. Liquor Corrosivus. G. P. 

Corrosive Liquid. 

Sulphate of Copper, 6 parts. 

Sulphate of Zinc, 6 parts. 

Vinegar 70 parts. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead 12 parts. 

Dissolve the salts in the Vinegar and add the Solution. This should be 
freshly prepared for use. 

1880. Liquor Epispasticus. Br. 

Blistering Liquid — Linimentum Cantharides. 

Cantharides in powder, 5 ounces. 

Acetic Ether sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Cantharides with 3 fl. ounces of Acetic Ether; pack in the water- 
bath percolator and allow to stand 24 hours ; then pour Acetic Ether on the 
drug in the percolator, pour hot water in the water-bath surrounding the 
percolator, allow to stand an hour, and begin to percolate, adding Acetic 
Ether to the drug and continue the percolation until 20 fl.ounces have passed. 

Uses. — This is used in British Pharmacy for preparing Collodium Vesicans 
(see page 242), and is sometimes applied as it is as a counter-irritant or epis- 
pastic for neuralgia, etc. 

1881. Liquor Ferri Acetatis. 

Solution of Acetate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Acetate. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, . . 100 parts or 14^ fl.ounces. 

Glacial Acetic Acid 26 parts or 4^ fl.ounces. 

Water of Ammonia 80 parts or 16 fl.ounces. 

N ater * " * * \ of each a sufficient quantity. 
Distilled Water, I H 

The solution of Iron is diluted with 350 parts or 4 pints of cold Water, 
and added with constant stirring to the Water of Ammonia previously mixed 
with 200 parts or 2>£ pints of Water. The precipitate is washed as 
directed, page 44, until the washings cause but a slight precipitate with test 
solution of Chloride of Barium. It is then drained and pressed as dry as 
possible and dissolved in the Glacial Acetic Acid, and enough Distilled 
Water added to the solution to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 

This solution should have a sp. gr. of 1.160 and contain 33 per cent, of 
anhydrous Ferric Acetate. It is used mainly for making Tincture of Acetate 
of Iron. The dose is 3 to 5 minims. 



554 LiguoRES — solutions. 



It is somewhat stronger than the Br. Liquor Ferri Acetatis Fortior, 
which has sp. gr. 1.127, and is made in the same manner with solution Per- 
sulphate of Iron 5 fl. ounces, solution of Ammonia a sufficiency, Glacial 
Acetic Acid 3 flounces, Distilled Water, a sufficiency to make 10 fl. ounces. 
The Liquor Ferri Acetatis of the Br. P. is a solution of the same strength 
as the Br. Tincture of Acetate of Iron, made by mixing 1 fl.ounce of the Br. 
strong solution of Acetate of Iron with enough Distilled Water to make 
4 fl. ounces. Its sp. gr. should be 1.031. 

The German preparation by the same name contains about 5 per cent, of 
the Iron Salt, and is somewhat stronger than the Br. solution last named. 

1882. Liquor Ferri Dialysatus. 

Solution of Dialysed Iron. 

This solution is official in the Br. P. The formula will be found on page 
272. It should contain 5 per cent, of Oxide of Iron. Liquor Ferri Oxy- 
chlorate (1887) is frequently sold for Dialysed Iron, as it is much' more 
readily made. 

1883. Liquor Ferri Chloridi. 

Solution of Chloride of Iron — Solution of Ferric Chloride. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Iron in the form of fine wire and cut into small 

pieces, 1 5 parts, or y/ 2 ounces av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 86 parts, or 16^ fl.ounces. 

Nitric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Put the Iron Wire into a flask capable of holding double the volume 
required and pour upon it 54 parts or xoyi fl.ounces of Hydrochloric Acid 
previously diluted with 25 parts or 5^ fl.ounces of Distilled Water, and let 
the mixture stand until effervescense ceases ; then heat it to the boiling point ; 
filter through paper, and, having rinsed the flask and Iron Wire with a little 
boiling Distilled Water, pass the washings through the filter. To the filtered 
liquid add 27 parts or 5X fl.ounces of Hydrochloric Acid and pour the 
mixture slowly and gradually in a stream into 8 parts, or \*/% fl.ounces of 
Nitric Acid contained in a capacious porcelain vessel. Afrer effervescense 
ceases, apply heat by means of a sand bath until the liquid is free from 
nitrous odors. Then test a small portion with freshly prepared test-solution 
of ferricyanide of potassium. Should this reagent produce a blue color, add a 
little more Nitric Acid and evaporate off the excess. Finally, add the remain- 
ing 5 parts, or 1 fl.ounce of Hydrochloric Acid and enough Distilled Water 
to make 100 parts or 1 pint of the liquid, which contains 37.8 per cent, of the 
anhydrous salt. Its sp. gr. is about 1 .40. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 555 

The Br. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi Fortior, or Strong Solution of Per chlo- 
ride of Iron, is made in the same manner as the foregoing, but contains a 
trifle more of the iron salt, 4 ounces av. of Iron Wire being used to produce 
17^ fl. ounces (Imperial) of the solution. Sp. gr. about 1.42. 

The Br. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi, or Solution of Perchloride of Iron, is 
the same strength as the Br. Tincture of Perchloride of Iron, and is made by 
mixing 5 fl. ounces of the strong solution of Perchloride of Iron with sufficient 
Distilled Water to produce after admixture 20 fl. ounces sp.gr. i.n. The 
dose is 10 to 30 minims. 

The German Liquor Ferri Perchloridi, or Solution of Perchloride of 
Iron, is made in a similar manner as the U. S. solution, but is much weaker, 
containing only 10 per cent, of Iron. Sp. gr. about 1.280. 

Uses. — The Solution of Chloride of Iron is used chiefly for making 
Tincture of Chloride of Iron, Dialysed Iron and some other Iron prepara- 
tions. As the same or similar names are applied to solutions of different 
strengths it is necessary to understand which one is intended. 



1884. Liquor Ferri Citratis. U. S. 

Solution of Citrate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Citrate. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, . . 105 parts or \oy z ounces av. 

Citric Acid 30 parts or 3 ounces av. 

Water of Ammonia, 84 parts or 8jS^ fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make . . . . 100 parts or 10 ounces av. 

To the Water of Ammonia previously diluted with 200 parts or 20 fl. ounces 
of Cold Water add, constantly stirring, the Solution of Iron previously diluted 
with 1000 parts or 6 pints of Cold Water. Wash the precipitate which forms 
as directed, page 44, until the washings cause but a slight cloudiness with 
test-solution of chloride of barium ; then pour off the Water, drain the pre- 
cipitate and transfer it to a porcelain dish, add the Citric Ac'd, and heat the 
mixture on a water-bath to 6o° C. (140 F.), stirring constantly until the pre- 
cipitate is dissolved. Lastly, filter the liquid and evaporate it at the above 
named temperature to about 100 parts or 10 ounces av. This solution contains 
about 35.5 per cent, of the anhydrous salt, equivalent to 50 per cent, of the 
scaled salt. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this solution is used for making several other scale 
salts and solutions of Iron, and is very convenient to use in solutions in place 
of the scale salt when directed, double the quantity by weight being required. 

A solution of Citrate of Iron and Ammonium is used for combining with 
elixirs, syrups, etc., see 1925. 



556 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1885. Liquor Ferri et Quininae Citratis. 

Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 65 parts or 1 136 grains. 
Quinine (Alkaloid), dried at ioo° C. 

(212 F.) 12 parts or 210 grains. 

Citric Acid, 28 parts or 490 grains. 

Alcohol 30 parts or 12 rl. drachms. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make . 200 parts or 8 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Citrate of Iron and Ammonium in 200 parts or 8 ounces of 
Distilled Water contained in a weighed capsule, heat the solution to 6o° C. 
(140" F.) on a water-bath, add the Citric Acid, and, when dissolved, add the 
Quinine, stirring the mixture until a perfect solution has been obtained. 
Evaporate this to 160 parts or 6 ounces av., allow it to cool, add the Alcohol, 
and finally enough Distilled Water to make 200 parts or 8 ounces av. 

Uses. — This solution is just half the strength of the scaled salt and is very 
convenient to use in solutions instead of it when required. Double the 
quantity by weight must be used as is directed of the scaled salt. It may be 
used instead of the salt in making elixirs, syrups, wines, etc. The dose is 
from 10 to 20 minims. 

1886, Liquor Ferri Nitratis. 

Solution of Nitrate of Iron — Solution of Ferric Nitrate. 
The U. S. formula is as follows : 

Solution of Tersulphate of Iron, ... 18 parts or 2^ fl. ounces. 

Water of Ammonia 15 parts or 3 flounces. 

Nitric Acid, 7 parts or j]/ 2 drachms. 

is 1 e a er, / eac ^ su ffj c j ent to ma k e IOO p ar t s or 20 ounces av. 
Water, . . . ) F 

Dilute the Water of Ammonia with 40 parts or 8 fl.ounces of cold Water 
and add to it the Solution of Iron previously diluted with 100 parts or 20 
fl.ounces of Water, stirring constantly. Wash the precipitate as directed, 
page 44, until the washings show only a slight cloudiness with test-solution of 
chloride of barium, then drain it, transfer to a capacious weighed porcelain 
dish and add the Nitric Acid, stirring until a clear solution is obtained. 
Finally, add enough Distilled Water to make 100 parts or 2 ounces av. 

The Br. Liquor Ferri Pernitratis, or Solution of Pernitrate of Iron, is 
made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of Iron Wire in 4^ fl.ounces of Nitric Acid, 
diluted with 16 fl.ounces of Water, filtering the solution and adding enough 
water to make 30 fl.ounces (Imperial). 

Uses. — This solution is given in doses of 5 to 30 minims as a tonic and 
astringent. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 557 



1887. Liquor Ferri Oxychlorati. G. P. 

Solution of Oxychloride of Iron. 
This Solution is official in the G. P. 

Solution of Chloride of Iron (G. P.) 35 parts. 

Water of Ammonia 35 parts. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 3 parts. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix 160 parts of Water with the Solution of Chloride of Iron and add it, 
with constant stirring, to the Water of Ammonia, mixed with 320 parts of 
Water ; wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, and having drained and 
pressed it, mix it with the Hydrochloric Acid and set aside for three days ; 
then add enough water to bring the specific gravity of the product to 1.050. 
This liquid contains 3.5 per cent, of Iron. It may be used in place of Solu- 
tion of Dialvsed Iron. 



1888. Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. 

Solution of Subsulphate of Iron — Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate — 

Monsel's Solution. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Sulphate of Iron, 77 parts or 13 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts or 510 grains. 

> each sufficient to make 1 14 parts or to ounces av. 
Distilled Water, S 

Mix the Sulphuric Acid with n parts or 800 grains of Nitric Acid, and 50 
parts or 8 fl. ounces of Distilled Waiter, in a capacious porcelain capsule, and 
having heated the mixture to the boiling point add the Sulphate of Iron (one 
fourth at a time), stirring after each addition until effervescence ceases. 
Should the addition of a few drops of Nitric Acid cause a further evolution of 
red fumes, cautiously add Nitric Acid until red fumes cease to be evolved. 
Then keep the solution in brisk ebullition until nitrous vapors are no longer 
perceptible and the liquid assumes a deep ruby-red tint. Lastly, add enough 
Distilled Water to make the solution weigh 114 parts or 19 ounces av. It 
contains 48. 7 per cent, of Basic ferric Sulphate Fe 4 0(S0 4 ) 6 . Sp.gr. 1.55. 

'I he Br. Liquor Ferri Persulphatis, or Solution of Persulphate of Iron, is 
similar to this, and when .Solution of Persulphate of Iron is prescribed or 
! this should be 1 ed. It contains less acid than the Solution of 

! ulphate of Iron, and is much stronger of the iron salt. 

Uses.— This solution is used as a styptic application for stopping hemor- 
tnd is given internally in doses of 3 to 6 minims, diluted with water;, 
as .in astringent. 



558 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

1889. Liquor Feiri Tersulphatis. 

Solution of Tcr sulphate of Iron — Solution of Normal Ferric Sulphate. 

Sulphate of Iron, 80 parts or 8 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid, 15 pans or \y z ounces av. 

Niiric Acid, ) each a sufficient quantity to make \ 2Q ounces av 

Distilled Water, ) 200 parts or i 

Mix the Sulphuric Acid with n parts or 482 grains of Nitric Acid and 
with 50 parts or 5 fl. ounces of Distilled Water, and proceed as directed in the 
foregoing formula, adding enough Distilled Water at last to make 200 parts 
or 20 ounces av. This solution contains 28.7 per cent of Normal Ferric Sul- 
phate, Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 . Its sp. gr. is 1.32. 

Uses.— In pharmacy this solution is used in making many other iron prep- 
arations, Ferric Hydrate being precipitated from it with Ammonia. For 
medicinal use the Solution of Subsulphate of Iron is preferred. 

1890. Liquor Gutta-Perchae. 

Solution of Gutta-Percha. 
The U. S. formula is — 

Gutta-Percha in thin slices 9 parts. 

Commercial Chloroform, by weight, 91 parts. 

Carbonate of Lead 10 parts. 

Add the Gutta-Percha to 70 parts of the Chloroform contained in a bottle, 
cork it well, and shake it occasionally until the Gutta-Percha is dissolved. 
Then add the Carbonate of Lead previously mixed with the remainder of the 
Chloroform, and having several times shaken the whole together at intervals 
of half an hour, set the mixture aside until the insoluble matters have sub- 
sided and the solution has become perfectly clear. Lastly, decant the liquid 
and preserve it in small cork-stoppered vials. 

The Br. formula is about the same. Gutta-Percha in thin slices 1 ounce, 
Chloroform 8 fl ounces, Carbonate of Lead in tine powder 1 ounce. It is 
made in the same way. 

Uses.— This soluron is used in pharmacy for mixing with mustard to 
make mustard paper, and may be used for other adhesive purposes, and as a 
cement or glue for rubber, etc. 

1891. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. 

Solution of Nitrate of Mercury — Solution of Mercuric Nitrate. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Red Oxide of Mercury, 60 parts or 4 ounces av. 

Nitric Acid 45 parts or 3 flounces. 

Distilled Water 1 5 parts or 1 K flounces. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 559 



Mix the Nitric Acid with the Water and dissolve the Red Oxide of Mer- 
cury in the mixture. Keep the solution in glass-stoppered bottles. This 
solution contains about 50 per cent, of Mercuric Nitrate Hg (N 3 ) 2 . 

The solution of Nitrate of Mercury, formerly official, was similar to the 
Br., which is now called Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis Acidus, or Acid Solu- 
tion of Nitrate of Mercury, and is made by dissolving with the aid of 
gentle heat 4 ounces av. of Mercury in 5 fi.ounces of Nitric Acid mixed with 
i]/ 2 fi.ounces of Distilled Water. 

Uses. — This solution is used as a caustic application for ulcers, cancers, 
and malignant sores. 



1892. Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi. Br. 

Solution of Per chloride of Mercury. 
This is official in the Br. P., made as follows : 

Perchloride of Mercury (Corrosive Sublimate). ... 10 grains. 

Chloride of Ammonium 10 grains. 

Distilled Water (Imperial measure; 20 fi.ounces. 

Dissolve. The dose is y 2 fl. drachm to 2 fl. drachms. 

1893. Liquor Iodi Compositus. 

Compound Solution of Iodine — ■ Lugol's Solution. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Iodine 5 parts or yi ounce av. 

Iodide of Potassium io parts or 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, 85 parts or 8}i fi.ounces. 

live the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium in the Distilled Water, and 
keep the solution in wcll-stopoed bottles. 

The P>r. P. under the heading Liquor Iodi or Solution of Iodine directs 
10 parts, Iodide of Potassium 15 parts, Distilled Water 200 parts. 
The percentage of Iodine is the same as in the U. S. formula. 
Uses.— Lugol's Solution, as it is popularly known is given internally in 
if 3 to 5 minims diluted with water, as an alterative and absorbent. 

The following are well-known similar unofficial solutions of Iodine 
Compound : 

1894. Churchill's Iodine Caustic— Iodine 60 grains, Iodide of Potassium 
120 grains, Water 4 fl.drachms. For external use. 

1895. Magendie's Iodine Solution. — Iodine 2 grains, Iodide of Potassium 
24'« grains, Peppermint Water 6 fi.ounces. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 



560 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1896. Liquor Kalii Acetici. G. P. 

Solution of Acetate of Potassium. 

Acetic Acid (G. P.) 100 parts. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 48 parts. 

Water, sufficient to make 147 parts. 

Add the Bicarbonate of Potassium gradually to the Acetic Acid, and heat 
the Solution to boiling ; then neutralize with Bicarbonate of Potassium and 
add sufficient Water to make 147 parts. 

Three parts of the Solution contain one part of the dry salt. 

1897. Liquor Kalii Carbonici. G. P. 

Solution of Carbonate of Potassium. 

Pure Carbonate of Potassium 11 parts. 

Water 20 parts. 

Dissolve the salt in the Water, and filter the Solution. 
Three parts of the Solution contain one part of the dry salt. 

1898. Liquor Lithiae Effervescens. Br. 

Effervescing Solution of Lit/iia — Lithia Water. 

This is made by adding 10 grains of Carbonate of Lithium to 20 fl.ounces 
of Water and charging with Carbonic Acid Gas to about 60 pounds pressure, 
in strong glass bottles. It is used for kidney diseases. The dose is 5 to 10 
fl.ounces. 

1899. Liquor Magnesii Carbonatis. Br. 

Solution of Carbonate of Magnesium — Fluid Magnesia. 

Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salt) 2 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1%. ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Dissolve the Salts separately each in half a pint of water. Heat the 
Solution of Sulphate of Magnesium to the boiling point and add to it the Solu- 
tion of Carbonate of Sodium and boil them together until Carbonic Add 
ceases to be evolved. Wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, until the 
washings cease to give a precipitate with test solution of Chloride of Barium. 
Mix the precipitate with 20 fl.ounces of Distilled Water and charge with 
Carbonic Acid Gas to about 50 pounds pressure. Let stand under pressure 
for 24 hours, then filter to remove any undissolved Carbonate of Magnesium 
and charge again with gas in bottles. 

This solution contains about 2 per cent, of Magnesia. The dose is 1 to 2 
fl.ounces. 

Fluid Magnesia is a popular remedy in Great Britain, but is little used in 
this country. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 561 

1900. Liquor Magnesii Citratis. 

Solution of Citrate of Magtiesium. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 200 grains. 

Citric Acid, 400 grains. 

Syrup of Citric Acid, 2 fl. ounces.- 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 30 grains. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Dissolve the Citric Acid in 4 fl. ounces of Water, and, having added the 
Carbonate of Magnesium, stir occasionally until it is dissolved. Filter the 
solution into a strong bottle of 12 fl. ounces capacity, containing the Syrup 
of Citric Acid, then add, without agitation, Water previously boiled and 
filtered to nearly fill the bottle, and, lastly, add the Bicarbonate of Potassium 
in Crystals and immediately close the bottle with a good cork, which must 
be tied down with twine. 

The Br. formula directs l / z fl. ounce Syrup of Lemons instead of the Syrup 
of Citric Acid, and 40 grains instead of 30 grains of Bicarbonate of Potas- 
sium. 

Uses.— This solution is familiarly known as "Citrate of Magnesia," and is. 
used as a laxative and refrigerant, in doses of a bottle or less. 

1901. Permanent Solution Citrate of Magnesium. 

As made by the foregoing formula this solution soon decomposes and 
becomes unfit for use. The following is proposed as an unalterable solution 
that will keep indefinitely : 

Boric Acid 1 ounce av. 

Citric Acid 6 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Magnesium y/ 2 ounces av. 

Distilled Water 40 ll.ounces. 

Dissolve the Boric Acid in 20 flounces of hot water, add the Citric Acid and 
the remainder of the water. When cool add the Carbonate of Magnesium, 
dissolve and filter the solution. To 8 fl.ounces of this solution in a 12-ounce 
bottle add 2 ounces Syrup Citric Acid and 30 grains Bicarbonate of Potas- 
sium. Cork and tic down in the usual manner. 

1902. Liquor Morphinae Acetatis. Br. 

Solution of Acetate of Morphine. 

Ai etate of Morphine 9 grains or 1 part. 

Diluted Arctic Acid, iS minims or 2 fl.parts. 

Rectified Spirit # fl.ounce or 24 11. parts. 

Distilled Water [# fl.ounces or 73 fl.parts. 

Mix the Acid, the Spirit and the Water and dissolve the Acetate of Mor- 
phine iu the solution. The solution contains 1 per cent, of the. Salt. The 
dose is 10 to 60 minims. 



562 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

1903. Liquor Morphinae Bimeconatis. Br. 

Solution of Bimeconate of Morphine. 

Hydrochlorate of Morphine 9 grains. 

Solution (Water) of Ammonia, a sufficiency. 

Meconic Acid, 6 grains. 

Rectified Spirit, ]/ z flounce. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Dissolve the Morphine salt in two or three drachms of Distilled Water, 
by the aid of heat, then add the solution of Ammonia until Morphine ceases 
to be precipitated. Cool, filter, wash the precipitate with distilled water 
until the washings cease to give a precipitate with Nitrate of Silver. Drain, 
mix the precipitate with sufficient water to produce an ounce and a half, add 
the Rectified Spirit and the Meconic Acid, and dissolve. 

This solution may also be made by dissolving 5^ grains of Bimeconate of 
Morphine in water 5 ti. drachms mixed with Alcohol 3 fl.drachms. ft is about 
the same strength as Tincture of Opium. 

Uses. — This solution is considerably used in place of Tincture of Opium 
in doses of 5 to 40 minims. 

1904. Liquor Morphinae Hydrochloratis. Br. 

Solution of Hydrochlorate of Morphine. 

Hydrochlorate of Morphine, ... 9 grains or 1 part. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, ... 18 minims or 2 fl.parts. 

Rectified Spirit, y 2 flounce or 24 fl.parts. 

Distilled Water, 1%. flounce or 73 fl.parts. 

Mix the Hydrochloric Acid, the spirit and the water and dissolve the 
Morphine salt in the mixture. It contains 1 per cent, of the Morphine salt. 
The dose is 10 to 60 minims. 

1905. Liquor Morphinae Sulphatis. 

Solution of Sulphate of Morphine. 

Although this solution is not now official it is more frequently prescribed 
in this country than any of the foregoing solutions of Morphine. 
The formula of the 1870 U. S. P. was : 

Sulphate of Morphine 8 grains. 

Distilled Water 8 flounces. 

Dissolve the Morphine salt in the Water. Dose, yi grain. Elixir Mor- 
phine (697) is preferable to this solution, and of the same strength. 

Magendies Solution of Morphine is made with Sulphate of Morphine 8 
grains, Distilled Water 1 flounce. This should never be dispensed unless it 
is definitely prescribed or directed. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 563 

1906. Liquor Pepsini. U. S. 

Solution of Pepsin — Liquid Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin 40 parts or 300 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid 12 parts or 66 minims. 

Glycerin 400 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 

Water, 548 parts or 8 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Saccharated Pepsin in the Water previously mixed with the 
Hydrochloric Acid, add the Glycerin, let the mixture stand 24 hours, and 
filter or strain. 

Uses.— Solution of Pepsin is given as an aid to digestion in doses of 2 to 4 
11. drachms, or more. 

1907. Solution of Lactopeptine or Liquid Lactopepti?ie may be made 
in the same proportions and manner as the above. Lactic Acid may be used 
instead of Hydrochloric Acid. 

Liquor Pancrco-Pepsin may be made by macerating Saccharated Pepsin 
256 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin 128 grains, in a mixture of Hydrochloric 
Acid 90 minims, Lactic Acid 60 minims, Glycerin 5 fl.ounces, Water 1 1 
fl.ounces ; then filter. This is similar to Solution of Lactopeptine. 

1908. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. 

Solution of Subacetate of Lead — Goulard's Extract. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Acetate of Lead 170 parts* or 1900 grains. 

Oxide of Lead (Litharge) 120 parts or 1242 grains. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 1000 parts or 10 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Acetate of Lead in 800 parts or 10 fl.ounces of boiling 
Distilled Water in a glass or porcelain vessel. Then add the Oxide of Lead 
and boil for half an hour, adding a little Distilled Water from time to time to 
make up for the evaporation. Remove the heat, allow the liquid to cool, and 
add enough Distilled Water previously boiled to make 1000 parts or 10 
tl. ounces and finally filter. Sp. gr. 1.228. 

The Br. P. directs Acetate of Lead 5 ounces av., Oxide of Lead 5^ ounces 
av., Distilled Water sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces (Imperial measure), to be 
made in the same manner as the foregoing. Sp. gr., 1.275. 

The German official preparation is made with Acetate of Lead 3 parts, 
Oxide of Lead r part, Distilled Water 10 parts, by melting the lead salts 
with one-twentieth part of the water on a water-bath and continuing the heat 
until the yellowish color of the mixture has changed to a white or reddish 
white, then adding the remainder of the water, setting aside and filtering. 
Sp.gr. 1.235. 

Uses.— This solution is used in Pharmacy for making cerate and liniment of 
Subacetate of Lead, and in medicine as an astringent and sedative application 
to inflamed surfaces, for injections, etc. It is generally diluted before using. 



564 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1909. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. 

Diluted Solution of Subacetate of Lead — Lead Water. 
This is the foregoing solution diluted, the U. S. formula being: 

Solution of Subacetate of Lead, ... 3 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 
Distilled Water 97 parts or 10 flounces. 

Mix the solution with the water previously boiled and cooled. 

The Br. P. directs Solution of Subacetate of Lead 2 fl.drachms, Rectified 
Spirit 2 fl.drachms, Distilled Water 19^ flounces, (Imperial measure) mak- 
ing a preparation only half the strength of the U. S. 

Uses.— This is used as a soothing application, etc., the same as the 
foregoing. 



1910. Liquor Potassae. 

Solid ioti of Potassa. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Bicarbonate of Potassium, .... 90 parts or 2 ]/ 2 ounces av. 

Lime 40 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to make, . 1000 parts or 24 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Potassium in 400 parts or 10 flounces of 
Distilled Water, heat the solution until effervescense ceases and then raise it 
to boiling. Slake the Lime, make it into a smooth paste with 400 parts or 
10 fl. ounces of Distilled Water and heat to boiling, then gradually add the 
first liquid to the second and continue the boiling for 10 minutes. Remove 
the heat, cover tightly, and when cold add enough Distilled Water to make 
1000 parts or 1% pints. Lastly, strain through linen, set the liquid aside 
until it is clear, and decant. 

Simple Process. — This may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of 
Potassa (Caustic Potash) in a pint of Distilled Water; this is the method 
most generally employed by druggists. The U. S. preparation contains 
about 5 per cent, of Hydrate of Potassium. 

The Br. formula is Carbonate of Potassium 1 pound av., Slaked Lime 12 
ounces av., Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). The solution is 
made in a similar manner to the U. S., and contains 5.84 per cent, of the 
hydrate. 

The German Liquor Kail Canst lei, contains nearly 1 5 per cent, of the 
hydrate and must not be used when the U. S. or Br. solutions are intended. 

Uses.— In pharmacy Solution of Potassa is frequently used to saponify 
balsams or oils in mixtures, and in medicine is given largely diluted as an 
alkali or antacid. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 565 



1911. Liquor Potassii Arsenitis. 

Solution of Arsenite of Potassium — Fowler's Solution. 

Arsenious Acid in small pieces, ... 1 part or 74 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 1 part or 74 grains. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender, . . 3 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make . . 100 parts or 1 pint. 

Boil the Arsenious Acid and Bicarbonate of Potassium in a glass vessel 
with 10 parts or \ l / z fl. ounce of Distilled water until the acid is completely 
dissolved. Then add the Compound Tincture of Lavender and enough 
Distilled Water to make 100 parts Or 1 pint; set the mixture aside for 8 
days and filter through paper. 

1912. Liquor Potassii Citratis. U. S. 

Citric Acid 6 parts or 480 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 8 parts or 640 grains. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Acid and Potassium salt, each separately in 40 parts or about 
6 fl.ounces of Water. Filter the solutions and wash the filters with enough 
water to make 50 parts or 8 tl. ounces of each. Then mix them together and 
when effervescense has ceased, bottle. It should be freshly made when 
wanted for use. 

Concentrated solutions of these salts, made double the strength of the 
above, may be made and kept on hand for making this solution. Then for 
each fl. ounce of the solution required mix 2 fl. drachms of each solution with 
enough Water to make 1 flounce. 

Uses. — This solution is used as a cooling draught and diaphoretic in doses 
of 1 nr 2 teaspoonfuls mixed with water. 

A strong solution of Citrate of Potassium is also made for combining 
with elixirs, etc. (1926). 



1913. Liquor Potassae Effervescens. Br. 

Effervescing Sola lion of Potash — Potash Water. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 30 grains. 

Water 20 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Water and charge with Carbonic Acid ('.as to 
about 60 pounds pressure, then bottle under pressure. 

Uses.— This is given in doses of 2 to 4 11. ounces as an antacid or alkaline 
draught. 



566 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



1914. Liquor Potassii Permanganatis. Br. 

Solution of Permanganate of Potassium. 

Permanganate of Potassium, 88 grains. 

Distilled Water (Imperial measure) 20 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

This solution was official in the 1870 U. S. P. ; 4 grains of the salt being 
dissolved in 1 fl. ounce of water. 

Uses.— It is given in doses of 2 to 4 fl. drachms for foul stomach, bad breath, 
etc. ; also used externally as a wash for sores, ulcers, etc. 

1915. Liquor Sodas. 

Solution of Soda. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Carbonate of Sodium, 180 parts or 5 ounces av. 

Lime 60 parts or 1 l / 2 ounces av. 

Distilled Water sufficient to make . 1000 parts or 24 flounces. 

Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in 400 parts or 10 fl. ounces of boiling 
Distilled Water. Slake the Lime and make it into a smooth mixture with 
400 parts or 10 fl. ounces of Distilled Water and heat to boiling. Then 
graduallv add the first liquid to the second and continue the boiling for 10 
minutes. Remove the heat, cover the vessel tightly, and when cold add 
enough Distilled Water to make 1000 parts or \)A pints. Lastly, strain 
through linen, set the liquid aside until clear, and decant. 

Simple Process. — This may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce av. of 
Soda (Caustic Soda) in a pint of Distilled Water, and this method is generally 
employed by druggists. 

The U. S. preparation contains about 5 percent, of Sodium Hydrate. 

The Br. formula is Carbonate of Sodium 28 ounces, Slaked Lime 12 
ounces, Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). The solution is made 
in a similar manner to the U.S. and contains a little more than 4 per cent, 
of Sodium Hydrate. 

The German Liquor Natri Caustici contains nearly 15 per cent, of the 
Hydrate and must not be used when the U. S. or Br. solutions are intended. 

Uses.— This solution is used for similar purposes and in the same doses as 
Solution of Potassa, the last named being generally preferred for medicinal 
uses. 

1916. Liquor Sodae Chloratae. U. S. 

Solution of Chlorinated Soda — Liquor Soda Chlorinates. Br. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Carbonate of Sodium 100 parts or 25 ounces av. 

Chlorinated Lime, 80 parts or 20 ounces av. 

W ater sufficient to make 1000 parts or 14 pints. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 567 

Mix the Chlorinated Lime intimately with 400 parts or 5^ pints of Water 
in a tarred vessel provided with a closely fitting cover. Dissolve the Car- 
bonate of Sodium in 400 parts or $}4 pints of boiling Water, and immedi- 
ately pour the latter solution into the former; cover the vessel tightly, and 
when the contents are cold, add enough Water to make 1000 parts or 14 
pints. Lastly, strain the mixture through muslin, allow the precipitate to 
subside and remove the clear solution by means of a siphon, or decant. 

The Br. formula is Carbonate of Sodium 24 ounces av., Chlorinated Lime 
16 ounces av., Distilled Water 1 gallon (Imperial measure). It is made in a 
similar manner. 

The solution of Chlorinated Lime was formerly called Labarraque's 
Solution or Liquor of Chloride of Oxide of Soda. It differs from Eau de 
fa-velle (Javelle Water) in being prepared with Carbonate of Sodium instead 
of Carbonate of Potassium, but its uses are similar. 

Uses. — This solution is used as a deodorizer and disinfectant also for 
bleaching and removing fruit stains from linen, and is given as an antiseptic 
in doses of 10 to 20 minims ; also used as a gargle and for insufflating largely 
diluted with Water. 

1917. Liquor Sodii Arseniatis. 
Solution of Arseniate of Sodium. 

Arseniate of Sodium, rendered anhy- 
drous by a temperature not exceeding 

300 F. (148 9 C.j, 9 grains or 1 part. 

Distilled Water 2 fl. ounces or 99 fi. parts. 

Dissolve. Dose 5 to 10 minims. 
The Br. formula is the same. 

Uses.— This solution is used for the same purposes as Fowler's Solution. 
It contains 1 per cent, of the Arsenic salt. 

1918. Liquor Sodii Ethylatis. Br. 

Solution of Ethylate of Sodium. 

Metallic Sodium, free from Oxide, 22 grains. 

Ethylic (Common) Alcohol 1 il. ounce. 

Dissolve the Sodium in the Alcohol contained in a Mask, the latter being 
kept cool in a stream of cold water. The solution should be recently 
prepared. 

1019. Liquor Sodii Silicatis. 

Solution oj Silicate of Sodium Liquid Glass— Water Glass. 

This may be made by mixing one part of line sand and two parts of dried 

Carbonate of Sodium together and fusing them in an earthenware crucible, 



568 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

pouring out the fused mass on a slab, and, when cool, powdering it and 
dissolving its soluble portion in water by the aid of heat ; the clear liquid 
being decanted and reduced to a liquid of the consistence of thick syrup by 
evaporation. It contains about 30 per cent, of the salt. 

Uses. — This solution is known commercially as Liquid Glass, and is used 
in making cements, kalsomine preparations, plaster compositions, wood 
filling, and many other like purposes. It is frequently added to cheap soaps 
to increase their weight and make them absorb more water. In surgery, it is 
used in preparing mechanical dressings ; and in dentistry, for mixing with 
plaster for casts, making cements, etc. 



1920. Liquor Strychninae Hydrochloratis. Br. 

Solution of Hydrochlorate of Strychnine — Liquor Strychninae. 

Strychine in Crystals 9 grains or 1 part. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid 14 minims or 2 fl. parts. 

Rectified Spirit ]/ 2 flounce or 24 fl. parts. 

Distilled Water \ l / 2 fl. ounce or 73 fl. parts. 

Mix the Acid with 4 drachms of the Water and dissolve the Strychnine in 
the mixture by the aid of heat ; then add the Spirit and remainder of the 
Water. This solution contains 1 per cent, of Strychnine and may be given 
in doses of 5 to 10 minims. 



1921. Liquor Zinci Chloridi. 

Solution of Chloride of Zi>ic. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Zinc, Granulated 240 parts or 6% ounces av. 

Nitric Acid 12 parts or 100 minims. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc, . . 12 parts or 136 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, ) 

Distilled Water, . \ each a suftlcient ^ uantit ^ 

To the Zinc contained in a glass or porcelain vessel, add, gradually, enough 
Hydrochloric Acid to dissolve it; then strain the solution, add the Nitric 
Acid, evaporate to dryness, and bring the dry mass to fusion. Let it cool, 
dissolve it in 150 parts or 4}4 flounces of Distilled Water, add the precipi- 
tated Carbonate of Zinc and agitate the mixture occasionally during 24 hours. 
Finally, filter through white filtering paper free from iron and pass enough 
Distilled Water through the filter to make 1000 parts or 1 pint of the solu- 
tion, which contains about 50 per cent, of Chloride of Zinc. 

The Br. formula is Granulated Zinc 1 pound av., Hydrochloric Acid 44 
fl. ounces, Solution of Chlorine ("Chlorine Water") a sufficiency, Carbonate of 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 569 



Zinc, l />. ounce, or a sufficiency, Distilled Water 20 rl. ounces ; to be made into 
2 pints (Imperial measure) of solution. 

Solution of Chloride of Zinc may also be conveniently made by dissolving 
1 ounce av. of granular Chloride of Zinc in 1 rl. ounce of Distilled Water. 
This is the method usually employed by druggists. A common cheap 
solution of Chloride of Zinc for disinfecting may be made by dissolving Zinc 
in strips or cuttings in commercial Hydrochloric Acid to saturation. 

Uses. — This solution is used mainly as a disinfectant and antiseptic. 
Embalming Fluids are chiefly diluted solutions of Chloride of Zinc. 



Unofficial Solutions. 

USED FOR COMBINING WITH ELIXIRS, SYRUPS, ETC. 

The preparations included under this heading are mostly- 
strong solutions of chemical salts, convenient for combining 
with elixirs, emulsions, syrups, etc. A few, however, are 
intended to be used or prescribed as they are. Several other 
solutions useful for similar purposes will be found under other 
headings, as coloring solutions, dialysates, official solutions, 
etc. These arc the solutions which are referred to in the 
various elixirs, emulsions, syrups, etc., when it is noted that 
" an equivalent quantity of the solution of the specified salt 
may be used." 

They are given more prominence in this work than the 
official solutions, because of their use as described. 



1922. Solution of Carbolic Acid. 

Although a standard solution of Carbolic Acid is not official, 
sucli a preparation is furnished by manufacturers and by com- 
mon consent is made to contain 5 grains of Carbolic Acid in 
each tl. drachm. It may be made as follows: 

Carbolic Acid (Crystals) 640 grains. 

( rlycerin, } , cc ■ , , -.. 

each, a sufficient quantity. 
Water. * 

Liquefy the Acid by the aid of heat and add 2 ounces of 
Glycerin to the solution, then add enough Wain- to make the 
measure \ \ fl.ounces. If the solution is then clear add enough 



570 LIOUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



Water to make 16 fl. ounces, but if it should be " milky " add 
enough Glycerin to make clear, and then sufficient water to 
make the measure a pint, and filter. 

Solutions of Carbolic Acid of other strengths may be made 
in the same manner. See, also, Nos. 29 and 1750. 



1923. Solution Chloride of Iron. (Tasteless.) 

TASTELESS TINCTURE CHLORIDE OF IRON. 

Solution Chloride of Iron (1883), • • 4 A. ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium 10 ounces av. 

Citric Acid, 6 ounces av. 

Water, q. s. to make, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in 4 fl. ounces of boiling Water and 
add the Carbonate of Sodium, in crystals, gradually until all 
is added and effervescense has ceased ; then add the Solution 
of Chloride of Iron and enough Water to make a pint of the 
solution. This is a Solution of Citro-Chloride of Iron and 
Sodium. 

It may also be made by dissolving 6 ounces av. of Citrate of 
Potassium or Citrate of Sodium in half a pint of Water and 
adding the Solution of Iron and then enough Water to make 
the measure a pint. 

Uses. — This solution is the same strength of Chloride of 
Iron as the official Tincture Chloride of Iron, and may be used 
for the same purposes and in the same dose. It is somewhat 
acid, but the styptic taste of the Iron is avoided. It is used 
in making several elixirs and syrups, as Elixir Gentian with 
Tincture Chloride of Iron, etc., and is employed in the same 
quantity as the official tincture. 



1924. Solution Citrate of Bismuth and 
Ammonium. 

For combining with elixirs, etc., a strong solution of Citrate 
of Bismuth and Ammonium is desirable to use instead of the 
salt, as an equivalent quantity may be added to any prepara- 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 571 



tion and thus save the time and trouble of dissolving the salt. 
It may be made as follows : 

Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonium, . 8 J 3 ounces av. 
Water of Ammonia, q. s., about, . . I )A fl. ounce. 
Warm Water, sufficient to make, . . i pint. 

To S ounces of Warm Water contained in a mortar add the 
Bismuth Salt in small portions at a time and Water of 
Ammonia a little at a time, rubbing them well together until 
the salt is all dissolved, taking care that Ammonia shall 
not be in excess enough for its odor to be noticeable, then add 
sufficient water to make a pint, and filter or decant. 

This solution contains 50 per cent, of the Bismuth Salt, 
therefore, in using it in elixirs, etc., where Citrate of Bismuth 
and Ammonium is directed, twice the quantity stated of the 
salt, or 2 minims for each grain should be used. 



1925. Solution of Citrate of Iron and 

Ammonium. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 8^-3 ounces aw 
Water, sufficient to make, . . . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron Salt in half a pint of hot water, and when 
cool add enough water to make a pint. 

This is a 50 per cent, solution convenient for using in elixirs, 
syrups, etc., when the scale salt is directed. Use 2 minims 
for each grain of the salt directed in the formula. 

Solution of Citrate of Iron (1884) may be used in many 
preparations instead of this, but is not so readily held in 
solution. 

1926. Solution Citrate of Potassium. 

Carbonate of Potassium 8 ounces av. 

Citric Acid 6 ounces aw 

Water, sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces. 

I': iolve the Carbonate of Potassium in io fl.ounces of 

Water and add the ' it in Arid a little at a time When all has 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



been added and effervescense ceases, add enough Water to 
make 20 fl. ounces of the solution and filter. Use double the 
quantity of this solution as is directed of the salt in the 
formula. 



1927. Solution of Citric Acid. 

A convenient Solution of Citric Acid for combining may be 
made as follows : 

Citric Acid 8^3 ounces av. 

Water, sufficient to make . . . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Acid in half a pint of hot water and when cool 
make up the measure with water to a pint. 

This is a 50 per cent, solution and will keep without change. 
Use 2 minims of this solution for each grain of Citric Acid 
directed in the formula. 



1928. Solution Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . . 2 fl. ounces. 
Hypophosphorus Acid, diluted (34), . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Mix them. 

Although this is not, chemically, a true solution of Hypo- 
phosphite of Iron, it is, in effect, the same for all pharmaceu- 
tical and medicinal use, and is readily made and permanent. 

Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of the 
Iron salt. 

1929. Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese. 

Hypophosphite of Manganese, . . . 480 grains. 
Hypophosphorus Acid, diluted (34), . 3 fl. ounces. 
Water, sufficient to make 4 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Manganese salt in the Acid by the aid of gentle 
heat and add Water sufficient to make the measure 4 fl. ounces. 

Four minims of this solution represents one grain of the 
Manganese salt. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 573 



1930. Solution of Hypophosphites Compound. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, .... 256 grains. 
Hypophosphite of Sodium, . . 
Hypophosphite of Potassium, . 
Hypophosphite of Iron Solution, 
Hypophosphorous Acid, diluted, 
Water, sufficient to make . . . 



128 grains. 
64 grains. 
4 fl. drachms. 
4 fl. drachms. 
1 pint. 



Rub the Hypophosphite salts to a fine powder and then 
with Water in portions of 4 ounces each until they are dis- 
solved ; add the Solution and Acid, and filter. 

This Solution is not intended to combine with other prepara- 
tions but to be used as it is. It is similar to a preparation 
which was once extensively sold as a proprietary medicine, as 
" CJmrcJiiirs Solution of Hypophosphites Compound," but it has 
been mostly superseded by various syrups of Hypophosphites. 

A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains of Hypophosphites. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

1931. Solution Lactophosphate of Cal- 

cium (Lime). 

Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1935), . 8 fl. ounces. 
Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 

Evaporate the Solution of Phosphate of Calcium by the 
heat of a water-bath to 7 fl. ounces, and when cool add the 
ntrated Lactic Acid. 

This Solution may also be made by dissolving 1 ounce of 
Soluble Lactophosphate of Lime in sufficient Water to make 
4 fl. ounces. 

Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of Lacto- 
phosphal e of < 'alcium. 

1932. Solution Lactophosphate of Iron. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron 2 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin 1 fl.ounce. 

Concentrated Lactic Acid 1 fl.ounce. 

Mix them. 



574 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of the 
Iron salt. It is not, strictly speaking, a Solution of Lacto- 
phosphate of Iron but of the Compound Phosphate of Iron 
with Lactic Acid. It is conveniently made and may be used 
for all pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes, where Lacto- 
phosphatc of Iron is desired in solution. 



1933. Lactophosphate of Manganese. 

Solution Phosphate of Manganese, . . 8 fl. ounces. 
Concentrated Lactic Acid, 1 fl. ounce. 

Evaporate the Solution of Phosphate of Manganese by the 
heat of a water-bath to 7 fl. ounces, and when cool add the 
Lactic Acid. 

Four minims of this Solution represents one grain of Lac- 
tophosphate of Manganese. 



1934. Solution of Lactophosphates Compound. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium, . 2 fl. ounces. 
Solution Lactophosphate of Iron, . . 1 fl. ounce. 
Mix them. 

This solution may be used in making some elixirs, syrups, 
etc., or may be diluted with 10 parts of Water and employed 
as a medicine, in doses of a teaspoonful or more. 

Four minims of the Solution represents one grain of the 
Lactophosphates combined in the proportion of ^3 g r - Lacto- 
phosphate of Calcium and ^ gr. Lactophosphate of Iron. 

I 935- Solution Phosphate of Calcium (Lime). 

Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, . . 2 ounces av. 

Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. (U. S. 1880), 6 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Put the Phosphoric Acid in a porcelain evaporating dish 

and add the Phosphate of Calcium in small portions, stirring 

it well with the Acid. When all is added heat moderately by a 

water-bath, stirring occasionally for several hours, then heat 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 575 



on a sand-bath to about 240 F., stirring occasionally for sev- 
eral hours, until the liquid is reduced to a granular crystalline 
mass. Allow this to cool, and add sufficient distilled Water 
that when dissolved the liquid shall measure 10 fl. ounces, and 
filter. As this is a saturated Solution it may happen that it 
will solidify or become gelatinous, but it is only necessary to 
add to it a small quantity of Water and dissolve by the heat 
of a water-bath before using. 

Four minims of this Solution represents about one grain of 
the Salt, which, in this Solution, is converted from the Phos- 
phate into the Biphosphate of Calcium. 

This Solution is used for making several elixirs, syrups, etc., 
and as the basis of Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium. A 
soluble salt, Biphosphate of Calcium, may be prepared by con- 
centrating this Solution and crystallizing. 

A Solution of Phosphate of Lime or Calcium has formerly been prepared 
by dissolving precipitated Phosphate of Calcium in sufficient Hydrochloric 
Acid, diluted with Water, filtering the solution, precipitating it with Ammo- 
nia or Solutions of the Alkaline Carbonates, washing the precipitate, draining 
and pressing it, and dissolving it in Phosphoric Acid, but it is believed the 
method as above described will be more satisfactory. 

1936. Solution Phosphate of Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 4^3 ounces av. 

Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 8 fl. ounces. 

Heat 6 fl. ounces of Water to boiling in an evaporating dish 
and add the Iron salt in small portions at a time, stirring 
constantly, and continuing the heat until all has been added 
and dissolved, then add the Glycerin and evaporate the liquid 
carefully until it measures 8 fl. ounces. This solution contains 
50 per cent, of the Iron Salt. Two minims of this solution 
contains 1 grain of the Iron Salt, therefore double the 
quantity of minims as is directed of grains in the formulas 
may be used. It is very convenient to keep prepared in this 
form for general dispensing purposes, as well as for making 
Elixirs, Syrups, etc. 

A solution of Phosphate of lion was formerly made by precipitating a 
solution of Phosphate of Sodium with a solution of Sulphate of Iron, 



576 I.F< >UORES — SOLUTIONS. 



washing- the precipitate, draining and pressing it and dissolving it in Phos- 
phoric Acid, using the same proportions and method as is directed for 
making solution Phosphate of Manganese; but the introduction of the Scale 
Salt Phosphate of Iron gives us a much better preparation, made with much 
less trouble. 

1937. Solution Phosphate of Manganese. 

Sulphate of Manganese, 5 ounces av. 

Phosphate of Sodium, 7 ounces av. 

Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., .... 8 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Manganese and Sodium Salts separately, each 
in 4 pints of warm Water, and add the Solution of Sulphate 
of Manganese to the Solution of Phosphate of Sodium. 
Wash the precipitate as directed, page 44, collect, drain and 
press out the Water as much as possible, then dissolve the 
moist precipitate in the Phosphoric Acid, add the Sugar to 
the solution and sufficient Water to make the measure 20 
fl. ounces and filter. Use 4 minims of this solution as an 
equivalent of 1 grain of the salt when directed in liquid prep- 
arations. 

1938. Solution of Phosphates Compound, 

Concentrated. 



Solution Phosphate of Calcium, 



12 fi. ounces. 



Solution Phosphate of Iron, ... 1 fl. ounce. 

Phosphate of Sodium 320 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium, . . . .128 grains. 
Carbonate of Magnesium, . . . .128 grains. 
Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent., . . I fl. ounce. 
Water, sufficient to make, .... 1 pint. 

Mix the solution of Phosphate of Calcium and Iron, add 
the Carbonate of Magnesium and Potassium to the Phos- 
phoric Acid, and when effervescense has ceased, add the Phos- 
phate of Sodium, in fine powder, and 1 ounce of warm Water. 
Mix the two solutions and add enough Water to make the 
measure a pint. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 577 

A fl. drachm of this solution contains about 12 grains Phos- 
phate of Calcium, 2 grains Phosphate of Iron, 2 x / 2 grains Phos- 
phate of Sodium, and 1 grain each Phosphate of Potassium 
and Magnesium, with excess of Phosphoric Acid. It is similar 
in composition to nearly all the Compound Elixirs, Syrups. 
and solutions of Phosphates Compound, and may be used for 
making them by diluting with Elixir, Syrup, Water or other 
liquids. It is also used for making "Acid Phosphate," and 
" Fruit Phosphates," for Soda Water, etc. 

A formula for this solution was published in The Formulary, August. 
1885, of which the following is an abstract, but it is believed the foregoing 
will be more satisfactory : 

Phosphate of Calcium, 32 ounces, is dissolved in a sufficiency of Hydro- 
chloric Acid diluted with Water and the solution filtered ; this is precipitated 
with a sufficient quantity of stronger Water of Ammonia, and set aside. 
Carbonate of Sodium, 6 ounces, is dissolved in half a gallon of Water and 
Sulphate of Iron, 5 ounces, in half a gallon of Water, and the Iron solution 
added to the Sodium solution, precipitating Oxide of Iron. This mixture 
is then added to the reserved Calcium mixture, and the precipitate washed 
as directed, page 44, until free from chlorides and sulphates. The precipitate 
is then collected, drained and pressed, and while moist dissolved in 5 lbs. av. 
of Phosphoric Acid, 50 per cent. To this solution add Phosphate of Sodium 
6 ounces, and Carbonate of Potassium 3 ounces, and Water sufficient to 
make 1 gallon. 



1939. Solution of Phosphates Compound. 

" Acid Phosphate." 

Solution Phosphates Compound, concen- 
trated, 1 pint. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Mix them, and, after standing, filter. 

This solution is similar in composition to a popular proprie- 
tary preparation made by the Rumford Chemical Co. of 
Providence, R. I., and known as "Acid Phosphate." As 
the manufacturers claim this title as proprietary, druggists are 
not allowed to put it up or dispense it under this name. 
Solution of Phosphates Compound is considerably used at 
the Soda Water counter as an addition to beverages, etc., and 
is a popular nerve tonic and vitalizes 



578 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

1940. Solution " Protoxide" of Iron. 

A Solution of Protocitrate of Iron, which is the same as is 
generally furnished as " Protoxide " of Iron may be made as 
follows : 

Sulphate of Iron, pure crystals, ... 3 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium 4 ounces av. 

Citric Acid, 2 ounces av. 

Sugar, 4 ounces av. 

Warm Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve the Iron Salt in half a gallon of warm Water, 
and the Sodium Salt in half a gallon of warm W r ater, and 
add the Iron solution to the Sodium solution. When the 
precipitate has subsided, wash as directed, page 44, until the 
washings are tasteless, then drain the precipitate quickly, press 
it, mix the Sugar with it and dissolve it in 8 fl. ounces of 
Water, in which the Citric Acid has previously been dissolved ; 
add enough Water if necessary to make the measure 16 
fl. ounces, and filter. 

Four minims of this solution contains about I grain Pro- 
tocitrate of Iron. It is used in making several Elixirs, Syrups, 
Solutions, etc. 

1941. Solution Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 4^ ounces av. 

Glycerin, 

Water of Ammonia, 10 per cent. 
Water, sufficient to make . . 

In 8 fl. ounces of Water heated nearl 
the Pyrophosphate of Iron by adding it in small portions 
and stirring until dissolved, then, when cooling, add the Water 
of Ammonia and the Glycerin, and, lastly, sufficient Water to 
make the measure 1 pint. 

This solution is very convenient to use in place of the Salt, 
4 minims being equivalent to I grain of Pyrophosphate of 
Iron. Since the introduction of the soluble Phosphate of 
Iron (scale salt), Pyrophosphate of Iron is much less used 
than formerly. 



4 fl. ounces. 
]/ 2 fl. ounce. 
1 pint. 

y to boiling, dissolve 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 579 

1942. Solution Sulphate of Strychnine. 

For combining with Elixirs, Syrups, Solutions, Wines, and 
like preparations, as well as for general dispensing, a Solution 
of Strychnine is a great convenience, if not a necessity. The 
following Solution is well adapted for this purpose : 

Sulphate of Strychnine, powdered, . . 32 grains. 

Citric Acid 8 grains. 

Alcohol, 2 fi. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 4 fi. ounces. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in 2 fi. ounces of hot Water and add 
the Strychnine salt ; when nearly cool add the Alcohol and 
then sufficient Water to make the measure 4 fl. ounces. 

A fl. drachm of this Solution contains 1 grain Sulphate 
of Strychnine, therefore a fi. drachm may be used for each 
grain of Strychnine directed in the formulae. 

Caution. — This solution must only be used for combining 
with preparations or dispensing in place of Strychnine directed 
in liquid preparations. Several other Solutions of Strychnine, 
as Hall's (2038), containing only 1 grain in a fi. ounce, or the 
Br. Liquor Strychnine (1920), containing 1 part in 100, are 
known, and care must be exercised that this Solution is not 
used instead of them. 

Test-Solutions. 

The Pharmacopoeias designate and give formulas for a vari- 
ety of Solutions of chemical reagents which are used for test- 
ing the various substances mentioned in their pages, and 
which are known as Test-Solutions. 

The following are official in the U.S., Br., and German 
Pharmacopoeias : 

Qualitative Test-Solutions. 

1943. Test-Solution Acetate of Copper. Br.— Subacetate of Copper 
of Commerce in fine powder (Verdigris) y z ounce av., Acetic Acid 1 fi. ounce, 
distilled Water a sufficiency. Dilute the Acid with half a ll. ounce of Water; 
digest the Subacetate of Copper in the mixture at a temperature not exceed- 
ing 2 1 2 F. (100 C), with repeated stirring, and continue the heat until a 



580 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



dry residue is obtained. Digest this in 4 ounces of boiling distilled Water, 
and by the addition of more of the Water make up the Solution to 5 
flounces, and filter. 

1944. Test-Solution Acetate of Lead. U. S.— Acetate of Lead 1 
part, distilled Water 10 parts. Dissolve, and, if necessary to give a faint 
acid reaction, add a few drops of Acetic Acid. 

1945. Test-Solution Acetate of Potassium. Br. — Acetate of Potas- 
sium %. ounce av., distilled Water 5 fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. 

1946. Test-Solution Acetate of Sodium. Br. — Acetate of Sodium >£ 
ounce, distilled Water 5 fl.ounces. Dissolve, and filter. The German Solu- 
tion is made by dissolving 1 part Acetate of Sodium in 4 parts of Water. 

1947. Test-Solution of Albumen. U. S.— A Solution recently prepared 
by triturating the White of one Egg with 100 cubic centimetres of distilled 
Water, and filtering through cotton moistened with distilled Water. The 
Br. Solution is the White of one Egg mixed with 4 fl.ounces of distilled 
Water, and filtered through tow. 

1948. Test-Solution Ammonio-Nitrate of Silver. U. S.— A Solution 
prepared by adding Water of Ammonia in drops to Test-Solution Nitrate of 
Silver until the precipitate at first formed is very nearly all dissolved, and fil- 
tering. The Br. Solution is Nitrate of Silver in crystals %. ounce av., Solu- 
tion of Ammonia X A-ounce, or a sufficiency, distilled Water a sufficiency. 
Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 fl.ounces of the Water and add Ammonia 
until the precipitate first formed is nearly dissolved, filter, and add enough 
distilled Water to make 10 fl.ounces. 

1949. Test-Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Copper. U. S. — Add 
Water of Ammonia in drops to Test-Solution Sulphate of Copper until the 
precipitate first formed is nearly all dissolved, and filter. The Br. formula is 
Sulphate of Copper in crystals y 2 ounce av., Solution of Ammonia a suffici- 
ency, distilled Water a sufficiency. Dissolve the Copper salt in 8 fl.ounces 
of Water, and cautiously add Solution of Ammonia until the precipitate first 
formed is nearly dissolved, then filter, and add distilled Water to make 10 
fl.ounces. 

1950. Test-Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Magnesium. Br. — Sul- 
phate of Magnesium 1 ounce av., Chloride of Ammonium % ounce av., Solu- 
tion of Ammonia y 2 fl.ounce, distilled Water a sufficiency. Dissolve the 
Sulphate of Magnesium and Chloride of Ammonium in 8 ounces of distilled 
Water, and add the Water of Ammonia and sufficient distilled Water to 
make 10 fl.ounces. 

1951. Test-Solution Bichromate of Potassium. U. S. — Bichromate of 
Potassium 1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water. 

1952. Test-Solution Bitartrate of Sodium. U. S. — Bitartrate of Sodium 
1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water, by the aid of heat, and 
filtered when cold. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 581 

1953. Test-Solution Boric Acid. Br. — Boric Acid 50 grains, dissolved 
in rectified Spirit 1 fl.ounce, and filtered. 

1954. Test-Solution Bromine. Br.— Bromine 10 minims, distilled 
Water 5 fl.ounces. Place the Bromine in a bottle, pour on the Water and 
shake several times. Keep closely stopped and from the light. 

I 955- Test-Solution Carbonate of Ammonium. U. S.— Carbonate of 
Ammonium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula is 
Carbonate of Ammonium y z ounce, Solution of Ammonia % fl.ounce, dis- 
tilled Water 10 fl.ounces. The German formula is Carb. Ammonium 1 part, 
Water of Ammonia 1 part, Water 3 parts. 

1956. Test-Solution Carbonate of Sodium. G. P. — Prepared by dis- 
solving 1 part of Carbonate of Sodium in crystals in 4 parts of Water. 

1957. Test-Solution Chloride of Ammonium. Br. — Chloride of Am- 
monium 1 ounce av., dissolved in distilled Water 10 fl.ounces, and filtered. 
The G. P. formula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 

1958. Test-Solution Chloride of Barium. U. S. — Chloride of Barium, 
pure, 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The Br. for- 
mula is the same. 

1959. Test-Solution Chloride of Calcium. U. S. — Chloride of Cal- 
cium, pure, 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The 
G. P. formula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 

i960. Test-Solution Chloride of Gold. U. S— Chloride of Gold 1 
part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 

1961. Test-Solution Chromate of Potassium. U. S. — Chromate of 
Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The German for- 
mula is 1 part to 9 of Water. 

1962. Test-Solution of Ferric Chloride. U. S. — Ferric Chloride 1 
part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts, and filtered. The German 
formula is the official Solution Chloride of Iron. 

1963. Test-Solution Ferricyanide of Potassium. U. S.— Ferricyanide 
of Potassium, pure, 1 part, dissolved in 10 parts of distilled Water. The Br. 
formula is % ounce of the salt in 5 ll.ounces of distilled Water. The Ger- 
man, 1 part to 9 of Water. 

1964. Test-Solution Ferrocyanide of Potassium. U.S. — Kerrocyanide 
of I'otassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula 
is X ounce of the salt, dissolved in 5 ll.ounces of distilled Water. 

1965. Test-Solution Ferrous Sulphate. U. S. — A recently-prepared 
Solution made by dissolving 1 part of selected clear crystals of Ferrous Sul- 
phate in 10 parts of distilled Water. 

1966. Test-Solution of Gelatin. U. S.— Gelatin or Isinglass 1 part, soaked 
for half an hour in Water, and dissolved in distilled Water 50 parts, by the 



582 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

heat of a water-bath. The Br. formula for Solution of Isinglass is : Isin- 
glass 50 grains, warm, distilled Water 5 flounces, made in the same way. 

1967. Test-Solution Hydrosulphuric Acid. U. S.— A saturated Solu- 
tion of Hydrosulphuric Acid Gas in distilled Water. 

1968. Test-Solution Hyposulphite of Sodium. U. S.— Hyposulphite 
of Sodium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 

1969. Test-Solution of Indigo. U. S. — A liquid prepared by digesting 
1 part of Indigo in powder with 12 parts of Sulphuric Acid on a water-bath 
for 1 hour, pouring the Solution into 500 parts of Sulphuric Acid, then leav- 
ing the mixture to subside and decanting the clear portion to use. 

1970. Test-Solution of Iodide of Mercury and Potassium. U. S. — 

Made by adding 100 parts of Test-Solution of Mercuric Chloride to 367 parts 
of Test-Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 

197 1. Meyer's Test-Solution, which is similar to the foregoing, and is 
frequently referred to in pharmaceutical works, is made by dissolving 49.8 
grammes of Iodide of Potassium in 400 cubic centimeters of distilled Water 
and 13.546 grammes of Corrosive Chloride of Mercury in 500 cubic centime- 
ters of distilled Water, adding the latter solution to the former and enough 
distilled Water to make 1 litre. 

This is the standard Test-Solution or reagent for Alkaloids, which it 
precipitates, and the percentage of which may be calculated by the quantity 
of the solution required to precipitate them. 

1972. Test-Solution Iodide of Potassium. U. S. — Iodide of Potassium 
1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. The Br. Solution is 1 to 10, 
the German 1 to 9. 

1973. Test-Solution of Iodine. U. S. — Iodine 1 part, Iodide of Potas- 
sium 3 parts, Water 50 parts. Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in the 
Water and add the Iodine to the solution. 

1974. Test-Solution of Magnesium. U. S. — Sulphate of Magnesium 1 
part, Chloride of Ammonium 2 parts, dissolved in 8 parts of distilled Water, 
and Water of Ammonia 4 parts added to the Solution. Allow to stand two 
or three days, and filter. The Br. Solution Ammonio-Sulphate of Magne- 
sium (1950) is similar to this but different in proportions. 

I 975- Test-Solution of Mercuric Chloride. U. S. — Mercuric Chloride 
1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 

1976. Test-Solution Nitrate of Barium. U. S. — Nitrate of Barium 1 
part, dissolved in 20 parts of distilled Water. The G. P. formula is 1 part to 
19 of Water. 

1977. Test-Solution Nitrate of Silver. U. S. — Nitrate of Silver 1 part, 
dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. 

1978. Test-Solution Oxalate of Ammonium. U. S.— Oxalate of Am- 
monium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 20 parts. The Br. formula is 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 583 



Oxalate of Ammonium l / 2 ounce, dissolved in warm distilled Water 20 
fl.ounces (Imperial). 

1979. Test-Solution Permanganate of Potassium. U. S. — Perman- 
ganate of Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 1,000 parts. 

1980. Test-Solution Phosphate of Ammonium. U. S. — Phosphate of 
Ammonium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 

1981. Test-Solution Phosphate of Sodium. U. S.— Phosphate of 
Sodium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. The Br. formula is the 
same. The G. P. directs 1 part to 19 of Water. 

1982. Test-Solution Picric Acid. U. S. — A saturated Solution pre- 
pared by dissolving 1 part of Picric Acid in 100 parts of distilled Water, by 
aid of heat, and filtering after 24 hours. 

1983. Test-Solution Platinic Chloride. U. S.— Platinic Chloride 1 
part, distilled Water 20 parts. Dissolve, and filter. The Br. formula con- 
verts Metallic Platinum into a solution of Perchloride of Platinum. 

1984. Test-Solution Potassio-Cupric Tartrate. U.S. — Dissolve 6^ 
grammes of selected crystals of Sulphate of Copper in 20 cubic centimeters 
of distilled Water; dissolve 36 grammes of Tartrate of Potassium in 140 
cubic centimeters of Solution of Soda, then add the former solution gradu- 
ally to the latter, with stirring, and finally add sufficient Solution of Soda to 
make the measure 200 cubic centimetres. 

1985. Test-Solution Potassio-Mercuric Iodide. Br. — Nessler's Rea- 
gent. — Iodide of Potassium 135 grains, Perchloride of Mercury a sufficiency, 
Caustic Soda 2 ounces av., distilled Water 1 pint (20 ounces Imperial). Dis- 
solve the Iodide of Potassium and 100 grains of Perchloride of Mercury in 
15 fl.ounces of boiling distilled Water. To this add more aqueous Solution 
of Perchloride of Mercury until the precipitate produced no longer continues 
to disappear on well stirring, and a slight permanent precipitate remains ; 
then add the Caustic Soda. When the latter has dissolved add a little more 
of the aqueous Solution of Perchloride of Mercury, shake, allow to settle, 
and dilute the whole with Water to 20 fl.ounces (Imperial). This is used 
the same as Meyer's Solution as a reagent for alkaloids, etc. 

1986. Test-Solution Stannous Chloride. Br. — Granulated Tin 1 ounce 
av., Hydrochloric Acid 3 fl.ounces, distilled Water sufficient to make 5 
fl.ounces. Dilute the Acid in a flask with 1 ounce of Water and apply heat 
gently until gas ceases to be evolved, then add enough Water to make 5 
fl.ounces, leaving the undissolved Tin in the bottle. 

1987. Test-Solution Sulphate of Calcium. U. S. — A saturated Solu- 
tion made by digesting 1 part of powdered native crystallized Sulphate of 
Calcium with about 300 parts of distilled Water at the ordinary temperature. 
With repeated agitation for several days, then decanting the clear liquid, 

1988. Test-Solution Sulphate of Copper. U. S.— Sulphate of Copper 
selected crystals 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 10 parts. 



584 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

1989. Test-Solution Sulphate of Magnesium. G. P. — Sulphate of 
Magnesium 1 part, dissolved in Water 9 parts. 

1990. Test-Solution Sulphate of Potassium. U. S. — Sulphate of 
Potassium 1 part, dissolved in distilled Water 15 parts. 

1991. Test-Solution Sulphate of Silver. U. S. — Sulphate of Silver 1 
part, dissolved in distilled Water 250 parts, by the aid of gentle heat. 

1992. Test-Solution Sulphide of Ammonium. U.S. — Made by passing 
washed Hydrosulphuric Acid Gas into 3 parts of Water of Ammonia until 
the latter is saturated, then adding 2 parts of Water of Ammonia. The Br. 
Solution Sulphydrate of Ammonium is the same. 

1993. Test-Solution Sulphite of Sodium. G. P. — Dissolve 1 part of 
the Salt in 9 parts of Water. 

1994. Test-Solution Tannic Acid. U. S.— Tannic Acid 1 part, dis- 
solved in 9 parts of Water and 1 part of Alcohol. The G. P. directs 1 part 
of Tannic Acid to 1 9 of Water. 

1995. Test-Solution Tartaric Acid. U. S. — Tartaric Acid 1 part, 
dissolved in distilled Water 5 parts. The G. P. directs 1 part to 4 parts of 
Water. The Br. formula is Tartaric Acid 1 ounce av., distilled Water 8 
H. ounces, Rectified Spirit 2 fl.ounces. 

1996. Test-Solution Yellow Chromate of Potassium. Br. — Red Chro- 
mate of Potassium 295 grains, Bicarbonate of Potassium 200 grains, distilled 
Water 10 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Red Chromate of Potassium in the Water 
and exactly neutralize the solution with the Bicarbonate evolution of all 
Carbonic Acid, being insured by ebullition, then filter. 

1997. Tincture of Phenol-Phthalein. Br.— Phenol-phthalein 1 grain, 
Proof Spirit 100 grains. Dissolve. 

Volumetric Solutions. 

Volumetric Solutions are used for determining the quantity 
of a chemical salt contained in a given quantity of a solution. 
They are used for quantitative chemical analysis only, the 
ordinary test solutions being sufficient for qualitative analysis 
and the general uses of the pharmacist. As the U. S., Br., 
and Gr. formulas are nearly the same, the U. S. only will be 
given. For the equivalents of these solutions refer to the 
Pharmacopoeia. 

1998. Volumetric Solution Bichromate of Potassium. — Bichromate of 
Potassium 14.75 grammes, distilled Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
cubic centimeters, or 1 litre. Dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in about 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 585 

700 cubic centimeters of distilled Water, then add of the latter enough to 
make the solution measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 

1999. Volumetric Solution Hyposulphite of Sodium.— Hyposulphite 
of Sodium 32 grammes, Volumetric Solution of Iodine 100 cubic centimeters, 
distilled Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic centimeters. Dis- 
solve the Hyposulphite of Sodium in enough distilled Water to make the 
solution measure 1000 C.c. To the Volumetric Solution of Iodine (which 
should measure exactly 100 C.c.) add a sufficient quantity of the Solution 
of Hyposulphite of Sodium, from a burette, nearly to decolorize the Iodine 
Solution, then add freshly gelatinized starch and continue the addition of the 
Hyposulphite until the blue color of the mixture is just destroyed, noting 
the number of cubic centimeters added. Then take of the Solution of 
Hyposulphite of Sodium ten times this number of cubic centimeters, and 
add thereto enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic 
centimeters. 

2000. Volumetric Solution of Iodine. — Iodine 12.66 grammes, Iodide 
of Potassium 18 grammes, distilled Water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 
cubic centimeters. Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium in about 700 cubic 
centimeters of distilled Water ; in this solution dissolve the Iodine and add 
enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 

2001. Volumetric Solution Nitrate of Silver. — Nitrate of Silver, well 
crystallized and dry, 16.97 grammes, distilled Water a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 cubic centimeters. Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in about 700 
parts of distilled Water and add enough of the latter to make the solution 
measure 1000 cubic centimeters. 

2002. Volumetric Solution of Oxalic Acid.— Oxalic Acid in perfect 
crystals 63 grammes, distilied Water a sufficient quantity to make 1000 cubic 
centimeters. Dissolve the Oxalic Acid in about 700 cubic centimeters of 
distilled Water and add of the latter enough to make the solution measure 
1000 cubic centimeters. 

2003. Volumetric Solution of Soda. — Oxalic Acid in perfect crystals 
6.3 g rarn mes, Solution of Soda, Distilled Water, of each a sufficient quantity. 
To the Oxalic Acid, add from a burette enough Solution of Soda exactly to 
neutralize the Acid, as indicated by the color of litmus, and note the number 
of cubic centimeters of Solution of Soda required. Take 10 times this 
number of cubic centimeters of the same Solution of Soda and add 
thereto enough distilled Water to make the solution measure 1000 cubic 
centimeters. 

Other Solutions. 

Besides the Solutions for which the formula' have been 
given in the preceding sections, quite a number art.: know n and 



586 LIQUORES — SOLUTION: 



used which cannot well be included in the classes named, and 
are therefore given under this heading : 

2004. Solution Albuminate of Iron.— Dried Egg Albumen, soluble. 1 
ounce av\, dissolve in Water 7 n.ounces and add to the Solution 75 grains 
crystallized Chloride of Iron dissolved in 3 rl. ounces of Water, then add to 
the Solution 2 n.ounces of Alcohol mixed with 4 rl. ounces of Glycerin, and 
mix them well together. By omitting the Glycerin and Alcohol this Solution 
may be evaporated by gentle heat to a thick syrup, which may be spread on 
glass and obtained in the form of a scale salt Albuminate of Iron. See, 
also. Albuminate of Iron and Sodium (syrups). 

2005. Battery Solutions or Fluids.— The Solution most commonly 
used for batteries of Zinc and Copper, which are called Gravity Batteries, is 
a Solution of Sulphate of copper (Blue Vitriol) in Water, sufficient of the 
salt being used to leave a small portion undissolved in the bottom of the jar. 
The batteries with Carbon and Zinc plates, known as High Resistance Bat- 
teries, are charged with a Battery Fluid made with Bichromate of Potassium 
1 part, Sulphuric Acid 2 parts by weight, Water 10 parts, the Zincs being 
amalgamated with Mercury. The Leclanche Battery, which has a porous 
cup filled with Carbon, and a Zinc annode, is charged with a Solution of 
Chloride of Ammonium about 1 part to 4 parts of Water. Small Batteries, 
for medicinal use, are usually made with Copper and Zinc and charged with 
a Solution of Sulphate of Mercury. Platinum Batteries are charged with 
the same, some Mercury being left in the bottom of the jar, which keeps the 
Zincs amalgamated. Many other kinds of batteries are known and used, but 
these mentioned are the most common. 

2006. Disinfecting Solutions. — To give formulas for all the Disinfecting 
Solutions which have been used would require a volume. We can, therefore, 
only mention those which have been best known and have most merit. The 
formulas for many of them are given under other headings, as Solution of 
Chlorinated Lime, Solution of Chlorinated Soda, Solution Chloride of Zinc, 
etc., nearly all having in them free or combined Chlorine, which is considered 
the best available disinfectant. 

2007. Solution Bromo-Chloralum. — Under the name Bromo-Chloralum, 
put up by Tilden & Co., a Solution for disinfecting, etc., is well known. A 
similar preparation may be made as follows : Alum 1 1 ounces av., Carbonate 
of Sodium (Sal Soda) 10 ounces av., Bromide of Potassium 8 ounces av., 
Hydrochloric Acid a sufficient quantity, Water sufficient to make a gallon. 
Dissolve the Alum in 6 pints of boiling Water and add the Carbonate of 
Sodium to the Solution, which precipitates Hydrate of Aluminium ; add to 
the mixture sufficient Hydrochloric Acid to dissolve the precipitate, then dis- 
solve the Bromide of Potassium in the Solution, and, if necessary, add 
sufficient Water to make the measure 1 gallon. 

2008. Condy's Fluid or Solution. — A Solution of Permanganate of 
Potassium, made by dissolving ]/ z ounce Permanganate of Potassium in 1 






LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 587 

gallon of Water. By using the crude salt a very cheap and efficient disin- 
fectant may be made. This Solution is also a valuable wash for foul ulcers 
and sores. 

2009. Coutaret's White Fluid or Solution. — Sulphate of Zinc 1 '- 
ounce av., Water sufficient to make a pint. 

2010. Darby's Prophylactic Fluid or Solution.— Permanganate of Potas- 
sium 5 grains, Sulphate of Potassium 150 grains, Carbonate of Potassium \%. 
ounce av., Chloride of Potassium X ounce av., Water sufficient to make a 
pint. 

201 1. De Wessely's Disinfecting Solution. — Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce 
av., Chloride of Iron 3^ ounces av., Chloride of Zinc iy& ounce, Water 
sufficient to make a pint. 

2012. Farwell's Disinfectant Solution. — Sulphate of Iron 2)4, ounces 
av., Carbolic Acid 5 drachms, Water sufficient to make a pint. 

2013. Girondin Disinfectant Solution. — Sulphate of Zinc 4% ounces, 
Sulphate of Copper ]4- ounce, Sulphate of Lime yi ounce, Water sufficient to 
make a pint. 

2014. Grantville Carbolic Alkali. — Carbolic Acid ^ ounce, Caustic 
Potassa 1 50 grains, Water sufficient to make a pint. 

2015. Le Doyen's Disinfectant Solution. — Nitrate of Lead 2}£ ounces 
av.. Water sufficient to make a pint. 

2016. Mattenheimer's Disinfecting Fluid. — Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce, 
Carbolic Acid 7 drachms, Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

2017. Monsell's Disinfecting Solution.— Solution of Subsulphate of 
Iron <S ll. ounces, Nitrate of Iron 2)4 ounces, Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

2018. Phenol Sodique.— Carbolic Acid i l /% ounce, Caustic Soda, suffi- 
cient to neutralize, about Y 2 ounce, Water, sufficient to make a pint. A 
cheaper Phenol Sodique may be made by using Crude Carbolic Acid. 

2019. Seeley's Disinfecting Solution.— Sulphate of Manganese z}& 
ounces av., Sulphate of Iron 1 ounce av., Sulphuric Acid l)£ ounce av.. 
Muriatic Acid % ounce av., Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

2020. Dobell's Solution — For Nasal CatarrJi. — Bicarbonate of Sodium 
120 grains, Borax 120 grains, Carbolic Acid 90 grains, Glycerin 2 flounces. 
Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. Mix and dissolve. 

2021. Fehling's Solution — A test reagent for Glucose. — This may be 
made by dissolving 80 grains of Sulphate of Copper in 1 tl. ounce of distilled 
Water, and 532 grains of Rochelle Salt in 4 ll. ounces of Solution of Soda. 
These two solutions are to be kept separate, and when the reagent is to be 
used pour the solution of Sulphate of Copper into the solution of Rochelle 
Salt, add sufficient distilled Water to make the whole measure 6.8 flounces, 



588 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 

and filter. Solutions containing Glucose or Grape-Sugar give a brown pre- 
cipitate (Cuprous Oxide) when boiled with this solution. 

2022. Solution Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound. — This solution as 
known in the market is a proprietary preparation put up by Tilden & Co. 
Its analysis shows it to be the mother liquor or Bittern left after the crystal- 
lization of salt from natural salt water obtained from salt wells. It is directed 
to be used externally, but is also used in making the elixir Iodo-Bromide of 
Calcium Compound as directed (546). 

A solution of Iodide and Bromide of Calcium Compound may be made 
by dissolving Iodide of Calcium 1 ounce av., Iodide of Potassium 1 ounce av., 
Bromide of Calcium 1 ounce av., Bromide of Potassium 1 ounce av., Bromide 
of Sodium x / z ounce av., in sufficient Water to make a pint. 

2023. Lugol's Rubefacient Solution of Iodine. — Iodine x / z ounce av., 
Iodide of Potassium 1 ounce av., Water 6 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodide in 
the Water and add the Iodine. This is for external use. 

2024. Lugol's Caustic Solution of Iodine. — Iodine 1 ounce av., Iodide 
of Potassium 1 ounce av., Water 2 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Iodide in the 
Water and add the Iodine. This is applied as a caustic for indolent sores, 
ulcers, etc. 

2025. Javelle's Solution or Javelle's Water — Eau de Javelle. — For 

removing fruit stains, etc. This is similar to Labarraque's Liquor or Solution, 
except that Carbonate of Potassium is used for preparing it instead of Car- 
bonate of Sodium. 



2026. Solution Opium Compound, Squibbs. 

Liquor Opii Compositus — Depurated Solution of Opium Compound. 

Opium 1 % ounces av. 

Acetic Ether 512 minims. 

Ether (Sulphuric) 4 flounces. 

Chloroform 256 minims. 

Alcohol 7 fl.ounces. 

Water, q. s., or, 24 fl.ounces. 

Pour half a pint of boiling Water on the Opium, rub it to a pulpy mass, 
and after 24 hours express the liquid and reserve, repeat the operation twice 
with the same quantity of boiling Water, mix the expressed liquids and 
evaporate to 8 fl.ounces. When cool, add the Ether and shake frequently 
during 24 hours, to deodorize the solution, then pour off the Ether as much 
as possible, or separate it from the solution with a separating funnel or per- 
forated cork, placed in the neck of the funnel, and evaporate all traces of 
Ether from the liquid, filter the "jyi ounces remaining, and having mixed the 
Alcohol, Chloroform, and Acetic Ether, add them to the filtered solution to 
make a pint. This is the same strength of Opium as Tincture Opium. 



LINIMENTA — LINIMENTS. 589 



2027. Solution of Opium, Sedative, Battley's. 

Liquor Opii Sedativus, Battley's. Battley's Sedative Solution. 

Aqueous Extract of Opium, hard, 3 ounces av. 

Rectified Spirit 6 fl.ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 38^ fl.ounces. 

Break up the Extract of Opium, and boil it with 30 fl.ounces of water until 
dissolved, when cool add to the solution the Rectified Spirit and sufficient 
water to make the measure 38^ fl.ounces, and filter. 

If the Extract of Opium used is soft it is necessary to use a proportionate 
quantity, from y/> to 4 ounces being required according to the consistence of 
the Extract. 

This solution is about 30 per cent, stronger than Tincture of Opium, and 
is claimed to be superior to it as some of the objectionable principles of 
( )pium are removed. 

2028. Liquor of Opium is another name for Acetum Opii or Black Drop 
(20 and 21). 

2029. Liquor Opii Hydrochloricus, or solution Muriate of Opium is 
made with Powdered Opium, 1 1 / 2 ounce av., Distilled Water, 20 fl.ounces, 
Hydrochloric Acid, 1% fl. ounce. Digest for two weeks, agitating daily and 
filter. It is about the same strength as Tincture Opium, and does not con- 
tain some of the objectionable principles of Opium. 

Liquor Opii Citratis is made in the same manner, except that Citric Acid 
is used instead of Hydrochloric. 

2030. Solution Per-Oxide of Hydrogen. — This solution is most con- 
veniently made by decomposing 1 part of Dioxide of Barium with 2 parts of 
Hydrochloric Acid, Chloride of Barium precipitates leaving Hydrogen Di- 
oxide Cor Per-oxide) in solution. The solution is not very stable. It is 
chiefly used for bleaching hair, which can be made of a golden or blonde color 
by applying it. It is seldom made except by manufacturing chemists, and as 
found in the market will yield from 10 to 20 volumes oxygen gas for each 
volume of the solution. 

2031. Solution Phosphorus, Thompson's. 

Phosphorus, not oxidized 1 grain. 

Absolute Alcohol 5 fl. drachms. 

Glycerin ij£ fl.ounces. 

Alcohol 2 fl. drachms. 

Spirit of Peppermint 40 minims. 

Dissolve the Phosphorus in the Absolute Alcohol, contained in a well 
stopped bottle, by the aid of gentle heat, and having mixed and warmed the 
Glycerin, Alcohol and Spirit of Peppermint to about 150° F., add them to 
the solution, agitating them well together. The solution should be kept 



590 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 



closely stopped in a dark place. A H. drachm contains fa grain of Phos- 
phorus. The dose is 20 minims or more. 

2032. Solution Phosphorus Compound. 

Phosphorus Bromine and Iodine. 

Phosphorus 10 grains. 

Bromine, 1 70 grains. 

Iodine 1 70 grains. 

Alcohol 1 fl. ounce. 

Glycerin, sufficient to make 8 fl.ounce. 

Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol and add the Solution to the Glycerin, 
then add the Bromine a little at a time, and when combined with the Solu- 
tion add the Phosphorus, in small portions, keeping the bottle well stopped 
during its solution. The Phosphorus should be added in fine shavings kept 
under water until used, and great care must be used in adding it, as the action 
is violent. This solution is used in making some syrups, wines, etc. 

2033. Solutions for Plating. — For electro-plating with silver, nickei, gold, 
etc., it is necessary to use batteries to generate the electrolytic action, and 
deposit the metals from their solutions upon the surfaces which are to be 
plated. The details of the processes are too voluminous to be repeated here, 
and the solutions from which the metal is deposited can only be briefly men- 
tioned. 

Silver-Plaiing Solution. This may be made with Cyanide of Potassium, 
4 ounces av., Cyanide of .Silver, \%. ounce av., Water, 160 fl. ounces. 

Gold-Plating Solution. This may be made with Cyanide of Potassium, 1 
pound av., Cyanide of Gold, T J 5 ounce av., Water, 160 fl. ounces. 

Nickel-Plating Solution. This may be made with double Salts of Nickel 
(Sulphate of Nickel and Ammonium), 4 ounces, Water, 160 fl. ounces. 

Many other Plating Solutions are used, and the metal is deposited in vari- 
ous ways on different articles. 

Plate Liquor is intended to brighten and increase the luster of plated- 
ware. It is made by dissolving 1 ounce each of Alum, Cream of Tartar and 
Salt, in 80 fl. ounces of Water. The articles are to be boiled in the Liquor. 

2034. Solutions for Preserving Fruit, etc.— Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av., 
Boric Acid 4 ounces av„ Water 10 pints. Dissolve the salts in the Water by 
the aid of heat. 

Use 2 ounces of this Solution for each quart of fruit which it is desired to 
put up, adding sugar, etc., in the regular way. This Solution may be used 
for all soft fruits, berries, etc. 

Vegetable Preserving Solution. — Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av., Boric Acid 4 
ounces av., Rock Salt 8 ounces, Alum 1 ounce, Water sufficient to make 10 
pints. Mix and dissolve by the aid of heat. 

Use 3 ounces of this Solution for each quart of corn, peas, beans, or other 
vegetables desired to be preserved, cooking them as usual before canning. 



LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. 591 



Pickle Preserving Solution — For preserving pickles in casks : Cider 
Y'inegar 10 gallons, Rock Salt 10 pounds, Alum, in powder, X pound, Cap- 
sicum 2 ounces, Cloves i ounce, Salicylic Acid i ounce. Mix and dissolve. 

Wash the cucumbers thoroughly and pack them in the cask until nearly 
full, then add sufficient of the Solution to cover them thoroughly. 

2035. Silvering Solution. — For silvering the inside of glass vessels, 
vases, etc., the following Solution is used : 

No. 1. — Distilled Water 12 fl.ounces, Rochelle Salt 12 grains, Nitrate of 
Silver 16 grains. Dissolve the Rochelle Salts in the Water and heat to boil- 
ing, then add the Nitrate of Silver dissolved in 1 ounce of distilled Water 
and continue the boiling for 10 minutes, adding enough distilled Water, when 
cold, to make the measure 12 fl.ounces. 

No. 2. — Distilled Water 10 fl.ounces, Nitrate of Silver 1 ounce, Water of 
Ammonia a sufficient quantity, Alcohol 1 fl.ounce. Dissolve the Silver Salt 
in the Water and add enough Water of Ammonia to nearly, but not quite, 
dissolve the precipitate first formed ; lastly, add the Alcohol, and distilled 
Water enough to make the measure 12 fl.ounces. 

Allow the Solutions to stand several days, then mix equal parts of each, 
and pour into the glass vessels desired to be silvered, or, for making mirrors, 
lay glass flat on the surface of the Solution. 

2936. Soldering Solution. — Hydrochloric Acid 5 fl.ounces, Zinc, in small 
pieces, a sufficient quantity, Sal Ammoniac 1 ounce av. Add the Zinc to the 
Acid until nearly all has dissolved that will, then add the Sal Ammoniac and 
heat to a simmer for five minutes. For making Solder flow freely. 

2037. Solution of Salicylate of Sodium. 

Salicylic Acid 1 ounce av. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium }( ounce av. 

Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 

Glycerin, 4 fl.ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the Salicylic Acid with 6 fl.ounces of Water, in a capacious bottle- 
and add the Bicarbonate of Sodium in portions. When effervescense has 
ceased and the salts are dissolved add the Alcohol and Glycerin and enough 
Water to make the measure a pint. 

This Solution is given for rheumatism, gout, etc., in doses of a teaspoonful 
to a tablespoonful. 

2038. Solution of Strychnine, Hall's. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, in crystals, 16 grains. 

Alcohol, 8 II. ounces. 

Water, 7>£ fl.ounces. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s., or % 

Rub the Strychnine salt to a fine powder and then, with the Alcohol, add 
the Water to the Solution, and then the diluted Sulphuric Acid yi ounce or 



502 LIQUORES — SOLUTIONS. LITHIUM. 

sufficient to make a perfectly clear Solution without precipitation, and Water, 
if necessary, to make the Solution measure a pint. 

A fl.ounce of this Solution contains i grain of the Strychnine salt. It is a 
very convenient Solution for prescribing and for dispensing purposes, but is not 
generally used for combining with elixirs, etc., the stronger Solution Sulphate 
of Strychnine (1942), 1 grain in a fl. drachm, being generally used for this 
purpose. 

2039. Solution of Sulphurated Lime.— This Solution is made by boiling 
together in a porcelain vessel for one hour sublimed Sulphur y/ z ounces av., 
Lime 7 ounces av., Water 2 pints, stirring and adding Water occasionally to 
preserve the volume. . The vessel is then removed from the fire and set aside 
for the sediment to subside ; the clear Solution is then poured off. 

It is used as an application or wash for itch and other similar parasites in 
the skin. 

2040. Solution of Tar or Pitch, Alkaline. — Purified Tar 2 parts, Caus- 
tic Potassa 1 part, Water 7 parts. Mix and stir frequently for 24 hours, then 
let it settle and pour off the clear Solution from the sediment. 

It is used externally like tar. 

2041. Solution Tartar Emetic. — Tartar Emetic 30 grains, Alcohol 4 
fl. ounces, boiling Water 12 fl. ounces. Dissolve the salt in the Water and 
when cool add the Alcohol and sufficient Water to make a pint. This is the 
same strength as Wine of Antimony, but preferable to it, as the salt is not 
precipitated by the astringent properties of the wine. 

2042. Solution of Tin — Solution of Muriate or Chloride of Tin, Tin 
Liquor, Cochineal Compottnd, Madder Compound. — This may be made by 
dissolving granulated Tin 1 pound av., in a mixture of commercial Muri- 
atic Acid 5 pounds, commercial Nitric Acid 1 pound, with Water sufficient to 
make a gallon. 

It may also be made by dissolving crystallized Chloride of Tin 1 pound in 
a mixture of commercial Hydrochloric Acid i}4 pound av. with Water suf- 
ficient to make a gallon. This Solution is used as a mordant in dyeing. 



LITHIUM. 

Symbol, Li., Atomic weight, 7 ; sp. gr., 0.589. 

Lithium is the lightest of all the known metals, and belongs 
to the alkaline group, being similar to Potassium and Sodium, 
although not so ready as they are to combine with Oxygen. 
It was first obtained by Sir H. Davy, by exposing Hydrate of 



LITHIUM. 



Lithium in contact with Mercury to galvanic action, and de- 
composing the amalgam thus formed by distilling off the 
Mercury, leaving the metallic Lithium. It is white, and fuses 
at 356° F. 

Lithium forms chemical combinations with the Acids and 
the Haloid Elements, several of which are official, the salts 
being used chiefly for kidney troubles and rheumatism. 

The following are the official Salts of Lithium. 



2043. Lithii Benzoas. 

Benzoate of Lithium. 



The U. S. P. does not give a formula for this Salt, but it 
may be made conveniently by Shuttleworth's process : Car- 
bonate of Lithium 1 ounce av. is mixed in a capsule with 9 fl.- 
ounces of- Water and heated, then 3^ ounces av., of Benzoic 
Acid is added in small portions and the heat continued until 
the Carbonate of Lithium is decomposed and effervescense has 
ceased. The solution is then filtered, concentrated by evap- 
oration, and crystallized or evaporated to dryness on a water- 
bath. 

Uses. — This Salt is a favorite remedy with physicians for 
gout and rheumatism. The dose is 15 to 20 grains. 



2044. Lithii Bromidum. 

Bromide of Lithium. 
LiBr. 
This is official in the U. S. P., and may be made by dissolv- 
ing Carbonate of Lithium to saturation in Hydrobromic Acid, 
or by decomposing a solution of Bromide of Potassium with a 
solution of Sulphate of Lithium. It is also prepared in other 
ways, but is seldom made except by manufacturing chemists. 

Uses. — Bromide of Lithium is employed as a hypnotic, 
especially in rheumatic affections. It is one of the most effi- 
cient of Bromides. The dose is from 1 5 to 30 grains. 



594 



2045- Lithii Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Li thin in. 
LiC0 3 . 
This Salt is official in the U. S., Br., and German Pharma- 
copoeias. It may be most readily prepared by decomposing a 
strong solution of Sulphate of Lithium with a strong solution 
of Carbonate of Ammonium, Carbonate of Lithium being 
precipitated, which is washed with a little Alcohol and dried. 
It resembles Carbonate of Magnesium. In a commercial 
way it is obtained by fusing the mineral Lepidolite with 
Carbonate of Barium, Sulphate of Barium and Sulphate of 
Potassium, and then separating the Potassium and Lithium 
Sulphates which rise to the surface by lixivation, and prepar- 
ing the Carbonate from them as above. 

Uses. — This is used as the basis for preparing most of the 
Lithium Salts, and is given in doses of 2 to 10 grains, and 
used as an injection suspended in mucilage water, for urinary 
calculi. 

2046. Lithii Citras. 

Citrate of Lithium. 
Li 3 C 6 H 5 7 . 
This Salt is official in the U. S. and British Pharma- 
copoeias, the latter giving the following formula : 

Carbonate of Lithium, 50 grains. 

Citric Acid, 90 grains. 

Warm Distilled Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in the Water, and add the Carbon- 
ate of Lithium in successive portions, applying heat until 
effervescense ceases and a perfect solution is obtained. Evap- 
orate by a steam or sand bath, until the product has a specific 
gravity of about 1.230 and set aside for crystals to form. Dry 
the crystals and preserve them in a stoppered bottle. 

Uses. — The Citrate of Lithium is a soluble salt, conveni- 
ent for using in solutions, etc. The dose is 15 to 20 grains. 



LITHIUM. 595 



2047. Lithii Salicylas. 

Salicylate of Lithium. 

2LiC,H g 3 .H 2 0. 

This is official in the U. S. P., and is conveniently prepared 
by adding to 1 fl. ounce of Water 60 grains of Carbonate of 
Lithium, and then heating to boiling and gradually adding 220 
grains of Salicylic Acid, and continuing the heat until effer- 
vescence ceases, then filtering and evaporating to dryness on 
a water-bath. 

Uses. This is used for gout, rheumatism, etc., in doses of 
20 to 40 grains. It seems to be more effective than other 
salicylates for this use. 

Other Lithium Salts. 

The foregoing official Lithium Salts are all that are used to 
any extent in medicine, but the following are known and 
sometimes called for: 

2048. Borocitrate of Lithium. — Citric Acid, 10 parts, Lithium Carbon- 
ate, 2 parts, Boric Acid, 3 parts, dissolved together in boiling water and care- 
fully evaporated to dryness and crystallized. 

2049. Chloride of Lithium, LiCl. — Dissolve Carbonate of Lithium to 
saturation in Hydrochloric Acid, concentrate the solution by evaporation and 
crystallize. 

2050. Diborocitrate of Lithium. — Citric Acid, 20 parts, Carbonate of 
Lithium, 7 parts, Doric Acid, 12 parts. Dissolve in boiling water and evapor- 
ate carefully to a dry powder. 

2051. Iodide of Lithium, Lil. — Add Carbonate of Lithium to a solution 
of Iodide of Calcium until no more will dissolve when heated, then filter, 
concentrate and crystallize. 

2052. Nitrate of Lithium, LiN0 8 . — Dissolve Carbonate of Lithium to 
saturation in Nitric Acid, concentrate the solution and crystallize. 

2053. Oxide of Lithium is an Alkaline Earth, found in petalite, and in 
solution in many mineral waters. 

2054. Phosphate of Lithium, Li 8 P0 4 . — This maybe made by dissolv- 
ing Carbonate of Lithium to excess in Phosphoric Acid, concentrating the 
solution and crystallizing. 



596 LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 



2055. Sulphate of Lithium, Li 2 S0 4 .H 2 0. — Dissolve Carbonate of Lith- 
ium to saturation in Sulphuric Acid, concentrate and crystallize. 

Many other Salts of Lithium may be made with other acid in the same 
manner as the foregoing. 

2056. Effervescing Citrate of Lithium is" made by mixing Citric Acid, 4 
parts, with Bicarbonate of Sodium, 5 parts, and Bicarbonate of Lithium, 1 
part, and heating together in a flat vessel to about ioo° C, stirring continu- 
ally until granulated, then sifting through proper size sieves. 



LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 

Lotions are preparations intended to be applied externally 
for various purposes, and consisting of medicinal substances 
mixed with, dissolved or suspended in water, or other aqueous 
vehicles. A great number of Lotions were formerly known 
and used in medicine, but since the introduction of Glycerites, 
Oleates and other like preparations, by which the medicinal 
ingredients are more effectively applied, they have mostly 
gone out of use. Formulae will therefore be given for a few 
only of those best known and most liable to be called for. The 
two first given are official in the Br. P. Many of the liniments 
and solutions are frequently called Lotions. Other Lotions 
will be found under Toilet Preparations, etc. 

2057. Lotio Hydrargyri Flava. Br. 

Yellow Mercurial Lotion — Yellow Wash — Aqua Phagedomica — Lotio 
Flava. 
Perchloride of Mercury (Corrosive Sublimate), ... 18 grains. 
Solution of Lime (Lime Water), 10 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. This is used as a wash for syphilitic sores, ulcers, etc. 

2058. Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra. 

Black Mercurial Lotion — Black Wash — Lotio Nigra. 

Subchloride of Mercury (Calomel), 30 grains. 

Solution of Lime (Lime Water) 10 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. By adding 30 grains of powdered Acacia, this is greatly im- 
proved. This wash is applied on lint to syphilitic sores, ulcers, etc., and is 
frequently used as an injection for venereal diseases. 



LOTIONES — LOTIONS. 597 



2059. Bateman's Lotion. — Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 6 grains, 
Compound Spirit of Lavender, 3 fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add Water, 12 
fl.ounces. Used for skin diseases. 

2060. Fuller's Leg Wash. — Acetic Acid, 1 fl. ounce, Sal Ammoniac, x / z 
ounce av., Tincture of Aconite Root, 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Asafetida, ]/ z 
fl.ounce. Mix and dissolve. A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of this solution 
is used in a pint of water for washing horse's legs before or after racing. 

2061. Gowland's Lotion. — Jordan or Sweet Almonds, 1 ounce, Bitter 
Almonds, l / 2 ounce. Soak them in water, remove the skin and mash them 
to a pulp in a mortar, add water by trituration to make a pint of emulsion. 
Add to this Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 1 5 grains, dissolved in 4 fl.ounces 
of Alcohol, and 2 fl.ounces of Glycerin, and mix them well together. 

This is different than the original formula, by the addition of Alcohol as a 
preservative and Glycerin as an emollient. It is a fine cosmetic for the 
complexion, to remove sunburn, tan, freckles, etc., and is useful for skin 
diseases. 

2062. Granville's Milder Lotion. — Stronger Water of Ammonia, 4 
fl.ounces, Spirit of Rosemary, 3 fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor, 1 fl.ounce. Mix 
them. This is used as a stimulating lotion. 

2063. Granville's Stronger Lotion. — Stronger Water of Ammonia, 5 
fl.ounces, Spirit of Rosemary, 2 fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor, 1 ounce. 

This is also used as a stimulating Lotion, but is much stronger than the 
preceding. 

2064. Hemorrhoidal Lotion. — Solid Extract of Stramonium, 120 
grains, Tincture of Iodine, 2 fl. drachms, Glycerin, 8 fl.ounces, Water, 8 
fl.ounces, powdered Golden Seal, 1 ounce, Tannin, 1 20 grains. Heat the 
Glycerin and Water and digest all, except the Tincture of Iodine, in the mix- 
ture for 6 hours, at a heat of not more than 175 F. Then filter, add enough 
water through the filter to make a pint of the filtrate, and mix with it the 
Tincture of Iodine. This is an excellent application for piles. 

2065. Kirkland's Lotion or Lotion of Myrrh. — Tincture of Myrrh, 4 
fl.ounces, Solution of Lime (Lime Water), 4 fl.ounces. Mix them. This is 
used for ulcers, spongy gums, etc. 

Compound Myrrh Lotion. — Honey of Roses. 2 fl. drachms, Tincture of 
Myrrh, 2 11. drachms, Lime Water, 2<4 fl.ounces. This is used as a denti- 
frice, etc. 

2066. Moth and Freckle Lotion. — Bichloride of Mercury (Corrosive 
Sublimate), 60 grains, Chloride of Ammonium (Sal Ammoniac), 240 grains, 
Alcohol, 2 11. ounces, Rose Water or Orange Flower Water, 2 11. ounces. 
Rub the Corrosive Sublimate to a fine powder and dissolve it in the Alcohol. 
Dissolve the Chloride of Ammonium in the Water. Mix the solutions, add 



598 MAGNESIUM. 



the Rose Water, and after standing a day or two filter. This may be applied 
once or twice daily, with a soft sponge, allowing it to dry on the skin. 

2067. Palmer's Lotion. — Corrosive Chloride of Mercury, 8 grains, Alum, 
1 2 grains, Water, a pint. Dissolve the salts in the water. This is used as an 
application for skin diseases, cuts, sores, etc., and is sometimes employed as 
a cosmetic. 



MAGNESIUM. 

Symbol, Mg. ; atomic weight, 24; sp. gr., 1.743. 

The metallic element Magnesium was first discovered by- 
Sir H. Davy in 1808, but was not isolated in a sufficient quan- 
tity for examination until 1830, when Bussy examined it and 
established its characteristics. 

It may be obtained commercially by heating to redness a 
mixture of Chloride of Magnesium, 6 parts, with fused Chlo- 
ride of Sodium 1 part, Fluoride of Calcium 1 part, and Sodium, 
in slices, 1 part. 

To prepare it chemically pure requires particular manipula- 
tion. It is furnished for laboratory use in the form of a 
ribbon. 

Magnesium in metallic form is used for making the brilliant 
Magnesium Light when acted upon by the oxy-hydrogen jet, 
and is the basis of all the Magnesium salts, which resemble 
those of Calcium and Barium, and form an important portion 
of the crust of the earth. 

The salts of Magnesium are considerably used in pharmacy 
and medicine. The following are the official salts : 

2068. Magnesia. 

Light Magnesia — Calcined Magnesia — Oxide of Magnesium. 
— Magnesia Levis. 

MgO. 

This is made by heating Light Carbonate of Magnesium in 

a crucible to a low red heat until its carbon dioxide and 

water are expelled, or until a small portion, taken from the 

centre of the crucible and moistened with water, causes no 



MAGNESIUM. 599 



effervescense when dropped into warm diluted Sulphuric 
Acid. 

Uses. — In pharmacy Magnesia is used for making some 
other preparations and given in doses of 10 to 30 grains as an 
antacid and laxative. It is usually called for and sold as Cal- 
cined Magnesia. 

2069. Magnesia Ponderosa. 

Heavy Magnesia — Heavy Calcined Magnesia. 

MgO. 

This is the same chemically as the foregoing, but an equal 

weight is only about one fourth as bulky, It is prepared 

from Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium in precisely the same 

manner as the Light Magnesia. 

Husband's Magnesia and Henry s Magnesia are simply Heavy 
Magnesia put up in proprietary form and sold at a fancy price. 

Uses. — Heavy Magnesia is used for the same purposes as 
Light Magnesia, but is more convenient on account of being 
less bulky. The dose is 10 to 30 grains or more. 

2070. Magnesia Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Magnesium. 
(MgC0 3 ) 3 Mg(HO) 2 . 4 H 2 0. 
The U. S. P. gives no formula for this preparation, but the 
Br. P. gives two processes, one for making Magnesii Carbonas 
Levis or Light Carbonate of Magnesia, the other for making 
Magnesii Carbonas Ponderosa or Heavy Carbonate of Magne- 
sium, the latter being generally used in pharmacy. 

The proportions of both arc the same, varying only in the 
manner of making. 

Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium, Br. 

Sulphate- of Magnesium 10 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium 12 ounces av. 

Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Dissolve the Sulphate of Magnesium and the Carbonate of 
Sodium each in 20 ounces of the Water, mix the two solutions 



6()() MAGNESIUM. 



and evaporate the whole to perfect dryness by means of a 
sand-bath. Digest the residue for half an hour with 2 pints 
(Imperial) of Water, and, having collected the insoluble mat- 
ter, wash it repeatedly with distilled Water until the washings 
no longer give a precipitate with Chloride of Barium. Finally, 
dry the product at a temperature not exceeding 212° F. 

(ioo° C). 

As prepared for the market this powder is pressed while 
still moist in bricks or squares of 2 or 4 ounces or less. 

Light Carbonate of Magnesia is made with the same ingredi- 
ents, in the same proportion, but the salts are dissolved each 
in half a gallon (imperial) of cold Water, the solutions mixed 
and boiled 15 minutes, then the precipitate is washed with 
boiling distilled Water, as above directed, and dried at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 212 ' F. (ioo° C). 

Milk of Magnesia. — By omitting to dry the precipitate as 
above prepared, and suspending it instead in as little water as 
will answer the purpose, Milk of Magnesia is produced. A 
proprietary article by this name has had a popular sale. 

Uses.— Carbonate of Magnesium is extensively used in 
pharmacy for various purposes, and in medicine is employed 
as an antacid and laxative, in doses of 20 to 60 grains or 
more. It is a familiar household remedy for "heart-burn," 
and is considerably used as a toilet powder, and in tooth 
powders, etc. 

2071. Magnesii Citras Granulatus. 

Granulated Citrate of Magnesium. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, . 1 1 parts or 770 grains. 

Citric Acid, 48 parts or 2880 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, . . 37 parts or 2220 grains. 

Sugar, in No. 60 powder, . 8 parts or 480 grains. 

Alcohol, ) each a su ffi c ient quantity. 

Distilled Water, ) 

Mix the Carbonate of Magnesium intimately with 33 parts 
or 1980 grains of Citric Acid and enough distilled Water to 
make a thick paste, dry this at a temperature not exceeding 



MAGNESIUM. 



601 



30 C. (86° F.), and reduce it to a fine powder. Then mix it 
intimately with the Sugar, the Bicarbonate of Potassium, and 
the remainder of the Citric Acid, previously reduced to a very 
fine powder. Dampen the mass with a sufficient quantity of 
Alcohol and rub it through a No. 20 tinned-iron sieve to form 
a coarse granular powder. Lastly, dry it in a moderately 
warm place and put up in well-closed bottles. 

Uses. — This is given as an agreeable laxative, in doses of 1 
to 3 teaspoonfuls, dissolved in cold water. 

A great number of effervescing salts may be made in the 
same general manner. 



2072. 



Magnesii Sulphas. 



Sulphate of Magnesium — Epsom Salt. 

MgS0 4 . 7 H 3 0. 

This is prepared commercially by treating the earthy sili- 
cious Magnesium Hydrate with Sulphuric Acid. The mass is 
then dried and calcined at a red heat, to convert Ferrous Sul- 
phate into Red Oxide of Iron. It is then dissolved in Water 
and Sulphide of Calcium added to separate any portion of Iron 
remaining, and at last dissolved again and crystallized to make 
the Epsom Salt of commerce. For laboratory experiments 
Carbonate of Magnesium may be dissolved to saturation in 
Sulphuric Acid, the solution concentrated by evaporation and 
crystallized. 

Uses. — Sulphate of Magnesium is the commercial basis of 
most of the Magnesium Salts. It is extensively used as a 
medicine, being familiarly known as " Salts." It acts as a 
cathartic in doses of 1 ounce, and is used in smaller doses as a 
laxative and refrigerant. 



2073. Magnesii Sulphis. 

Sulphite of Magnesium. 

MgS0 3 .6H 2 0. 

This Salt is now official in the U. S. P., and is readily made 
by passing .t current of purified Sulphurous Acid Gas into a 



602 MAGNESIUM. 



rather thick milk of Magnesia, until the Acid is in slight 
excess. 

Uses. — This salt is employed for the same purposes as Sul- 
phite of Sodium and Sulphate of Potassium, but is less solu- 
ble and therefore less disagreeable to the taste. The dose is 
15 to 30 grains. 



Other Magnesium Salts. 

The foregoing Official Salts of Magnesium are all that are 
much used in pharmacy or medicine, but as it combines with 
most of the Acids and the non-metals, a great number of other 
preparations are known. The following are the more im- 
portant unofficial Salts : 

2074. Acetate of Magnesium. — Mg (C 2 H 3 2 )2. — Made by adding 
Carbonate of Magnesium to saturation to Acetic Acid, filtering the solution, 
concentrating and crystallizing. 

2075. Bromide of Magnesium. — This is most conveniently made by add- 
ing Carbonate of Magnesium in excess to a solution of Bromide of Iron, then 
filtering, concentrating and crystallizing. 

2076. Chloride of Magnesium. — MgCl. — This is a very deliquescent 
Salt, made by neutralizing Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesia, evaporating to 
dryness, adding an equal weight of Chloride of Calcium, heating in a red-hot 
platinum crucible, and fusing. 

2077. Citrate of Magnesium. — Mg 3 (C 6 H 5 7 ) 2 . — This Salt is but 
little used, the effervescing Citrate being generally employed. It may be 
made by dissolving Citric Acid 3 parts in Water, yi part by the aid of heat, 
and adding to the solution 1 part of Magnesia and stirring them together 
until a dry mass results. 

2078. Iodide of Magnesium. — Mgl 2 — This Salt may be made by dis- 
solving Magnesia to saturation in Hydriodic Acid, concentrating and crystal- 
lizing. 

2079. Lactate of Magnesium. — Mg2C3H5O3.3H.3O. — This may be 
made by dissolving separately, in hot water, 6 parts of Lactate of Calcium 
and 5 parts Sulphate of Magnesium, mixing the solutions, filtering, evaporat- 
ing the filtrate, and crystallizing. 

2080. Phosphate of Magnesium.— MgHP0 4 .6H 2 0. — This Salt may be 
made by mixing concentrated solutions of Sulphate of Magnesium and Phos- 



MALTUM — MALT. 



603 



phate of Sodium, allowing to stand some time, and collecting the crystals 
which form. 

2081. Sulphate of Magnesium, Dried. — MgS0 4 — This is prepared by- 
heating Sulphate of Magnesium until it has lost one-third of its weight, then 
sifting it. 

2082. Tartrate of Magnesium. — This maybe prepared by saturating a 
solution of Tartaric Acid with Carbonate of Magnesium, and evaporating by 
gentle heat to dryness. 

2083. Magnesium Aperient or Seltzer Aperient. — Several Magnesian 
or Seltzer Aperients have had a large sale as proprietary medicines. The 
following formulae make preparations similar to those most popular: 

Sulphate of Magnesium 1 pound av., dry it by gradually increasing heat 
until it has lost one third of its weight ; then add Tartaric Acid, dried and 
powdered, 10 ounces av., Magnesia (calcined) 8 ounces av., White Sugar, 24 
ounces av., Bicarbonate of Sodium, dried and powdered, 8 ounces av., and mix 
them all well together and pass through a sieve. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 1 pound, Bicarbonate of Sodium 1 pound, 
Rochelle Salts 2 pounds, Tartaric Acid 2 pounds. Mix them intimately. 



MALTUM — MALT. 



Grain, such as barley, oats, rye, maize, etc., in which a por- 
tion of the starch has become converted into sugar by malting 
is called malt. Barley and rye are the cereals usually employed 
for making malt, but other grains are sometimes used. The 
process of malting in brief consists in macerating the grain with 
just sufficient water to cover it, for 24 to 48 hours, during 
which time the water is mostly absorbed. The superfluous 
water is then drained off and the grain is deposited in heaps 
on the floor, where it is allowed to stand for 24 to 26 hours, dur- 
ing which time partial germination takes place, with a rise of 
temperature of about io° F. It is then spread thickly on the 
floor and repeatedly turned with wooden shovels for some 
time. When the grain has germinated sufficiently (which it 
requires experience to determine) it is thrown into a kiln and 
kiln-dried until the water has evaporated and it is gradually 
heated to about 150° F. As thus prepared it constitutes the 
Malt used by brewers. Tin- changes that occur in barley are 



604 



MALTUM — MALT. 



shown 
grains : 


by 


the 


followin 


g 


table. 


They are 


similar 


in other 




Composition of 
Barley. 


Composition of 

Malt. 
















55 
32 
5 
3 
4 
1 




















56 
15 








15 






















100 


IOO 



The chief changes that occur, therefore, are the transforma- 
tion of the hordeine (a form of starch peculiar to barley) into 
starch, sugar, and gum. 



2084. 



Extract of Malt. 



The process of making Extract of Malt has previously been 
referred to (1038), the changes consisting in the conversion of 
starch, by the action of diastase, aided by heat, first into dex- 
trin and then into grape sugar. It is a thick syrup similar to 
glucose. 

The value of Extract of Malt, aside from its nutritive value 
as food, depends upon the quantity of Diastase which it con- 
tains, and which acts in the same manner as the Ptyalin of 
saliva to digest starch, one part being sufficient to dissolve 
2,000 parts of starch. This Diastase is a ferment peculiar to 
the germination of grains and seeds, and is developed in the 
process of malting, its action of converting starch into sugar 
being cut short by the drying of the germinating grain. 

In making Extract of Malt great care must be exercised to 
preserve the excess of Diastase for the reasons above stated. 
The coarsely-ground Malt is first dampened with water heated 
to about 150 F., then firmly packed in the water-bath perco- 
lator, which is surrounded with water at about the same tem- 
perature. It is then covered with water heated to about 150 
F. and allowed to stand for two hours, the heat being main- 
tained at the same temperature. The percolation is then 
begun and water, heated to the specified temperature, added 
to the Malt until the percolate has no longer a perceptibly 



MALTUM — MALT. 605 



sweet taste. As the percolate is received it must be at once 
placed in the evaporating apparatus, which should be a water- 
bath, by which the heat maybe maintained at about 150 F., 
and the evaporation is to be conducted at that temperature 
until the product is concentrated to a thick syrup of 36 
Bawne, or of which a pint will weigh 1^ pound av. As thus 
prepared Extract of Malt contains all its valuable properties 
unimpaired, and may be used as the basis for any of the vari- 
ous combinations which are called for. 

Uses. — Extract of Malt is a valuable aid to digestion of 
amylaceous food, and is in itself a nutritive and tonic. It is 
given in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 

Maltine. — Maltine is a proprietary Malt Extract, made by 
the Maltine Manufacturing Co., Yonkers, on the Hudson. It 
is claimed to be made of malted barley, wheat, and oats, equal 
parts, in the same general manner as has been described for 
making Extract of Malt. It is used for the same purposes 
and in the same manner as the foregoing. The formulas which 
are given for Malt Extract combinations apply to Maltine as 
well. 

2085. Liquid Malt Extract. 

The thick Extracts of Malt which have previously been 
described are inconvenient for some forms of medication, a 
more limpid extract being much more desirable. In the thick 
Malt Extracts, also, a great portion of the Diastase has been 
required to convert the starchy matters into sugar, the excess, 
which was not required for that purpose, only being available. 
In the Liquid Malt Extracts it is aimed to retain the diastase 
and valuable extractive matter of the Malt without the con- 
version of its starch into sugar (as that only serves as a food 
which may be more cheaply supplied from other sources), and 
a consequent saving of Diastase. The following formula is 
designed to secure this result : 

Barley Malt, coarsely ground, ... 2 pounds av. 

Hops (new crop), coarsely ground, . . 2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 



g06 MALTUM — MALT. 

Mix the Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, and, having mixed 
the Malt and the Hops together, moisten them with the liquid 
and pack firm in the water-bath percolator, and pour upon 
them the remainder of the liquid. Allow to stand 24 hours, 
then heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate 
and continue until the percolate will no longer drop, then add 
Water to the drugs in the percolator and continue the perco- 
lation until 4 pints have been obtained, which reserve ; con- 
tinue the percolation with Water until the drugs are exhausted, 
evaporate the last portion of the percolate by open evapora- 
tion to 4 fl. ounces. Distil the Alcohol from the reserved por- 
tion by the heat of a water-bath not exceeding 150 F., and 
when 2 pints have been recovered continue the evaporation on 
a water-bath, at the specified heat, until the liquid is reduced 
to 24 fl.ounces. To this add the reserved portion and 8 
fl. ounces of Alcohol and filter clear. 

This makes a Fluid Extract of Malt in which all the valua- 
ble properties of Malt are retained. It is much stronger than 
most of the preparations put up as Liquid Malt Extract, and 
may be reduced for general sale by adding to it 3 or 4 parts of 
Water, with just sufficient Alcohol to insure its keeping. 

Uses.— It is used for the same purposes as other Malt 
Extracts and given in doses of a dessertspoonful or more. 
The diluted liquid may be given in doses of a wineglassful. 
Liquid Malt Extract may be used in any of the combinations 
for which formulae are given instead of Malt Extract, if desired. 



2086. Malt Extract with Hops. 

Malt Extract l P lflt ' 

Fluid Extract of Hops # fl.ounce. 

Rub the fiuid Extract in a mortar first with a small portion of the Malt 
Extract and then with the remainder. 

It may also be made by steeping 1 part of hops in the percolate from 32 
parts of malt during the process of condensation. 

This is called by some manufacturers Extract of Meat (plain). It is more 
desirable for dispensing and taking than simple Extract of Malt on account 
of the hop bitter, but it should not be used in combinations unless so directed. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



607 



2087. Malt Extract with Alteratives. 

Bromide of Calcium, 160 grains. 

Iodide of Potassium, 160 grains. 

Bromide of Sodium 96 grains. 

Water, hot, 1 flounces. 

Malt Extract, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Salts in the hot water and mix thoroughly with the Malt Ex- 
tract. The dose is a tablespoonful containing 13 grains of the Alterative 
Salts. 



2088. Malt Extract with Beef and Iron. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat y 2 ounce av. 

Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Malt Extract, 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Extract of Meat with the water and mix thoroughly with the Malt 
Extract. Dose, a tablespoonful to a wineglassful. 



2089. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil Combinations. 

The formula for Cod Liver Oil with Extract of Malt is given (878), and 
consists simply in rubbing 8 fl. ounces of Cod Liver Oil with 8 fl. ounces of 
Malt Extract, and adding 20 minims Oil of Wintergreen, and 5 minims Oil 
of Bitter Almonds for flavoring. A great variety of medicines may be com- 
bined with this base, the following being the principal combinations known 
in the market. 

2090. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Dialysed Iron. — Add 320 
minims of Dialysed Iron to a pint of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil. The 
dose is a tablespoonful containing 10 minims Dialysed Iron. 

2091. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Iodide of Iron. — Dissolve 
32 grains Tasteless Iodide of Iron (Creuse's), in y 2 ounce hot Water and mix 
thoroughly with a pint of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil. The dose is a 
tablespoonful containing 1 grain Tasteless Iodide of Iron. 

2092. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Pepsin. — Saccharated 
Pepsin, 128 grains, rubbed to a fine powder in a mortar, then with a portion 
of the Cod Liver Oil and Malt, and then with the remainder. Dose, a table- 
spoonful containing 4 grains of Pepsin. 

2093. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Pancreatin. — Saccharated 
I'ancreatin, 128 grains, rubbed to a fine powder in a mortar, then with a por- 
tion of the Cod Liver Oil and Malt, and then with the remainder. Dose, a 
tablespoonful containing 4 grains Pancreatin. 



608 MA LIT M — MALT. 



2094. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil, Pepsin and Pancreatin. — 
Saccharated Pepsin, 1 28 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin, 1 28 grains, mixed 
with a pint of Cod Liver Oil and Malt, the same as the preceding. The 
dose is a tablespoonful containing 1 grain each Pepsin and Pancreatin. 

2095. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Hypophosphites. — Hypo- 
phosphite of Calcium, 64 grains, Hypophosphite of Sodium, 48 grains, Hypo- 
phosphite of Potassium, 32 grains, Glycerin, 1 fl.ounce, hot Water, 1 flounce. 
Malt with Cod Liver Oil, 14 flounces. Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine 
powder and dissolve as nearly as possible in the hot Water and Glycerin, 
then rub thoroughly with the Malt and Cod Liver Oil. Dose, a tablespoonful 
containing about 4^ grains of the Hypophosphites. 

2096. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Phosphorus. — Thomp- 
son's Solution of Phosphorus, 1 fl.ounce, mixed thoroughly by rubbing first 
with a small portion of Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil sufficient to make a 
pint. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing about T 4„ grain of Phosphorus. 

2097. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil, Phosphorus, Iron and Nux 
Vomica. — Add to the above preparation 1 drachm Tincture of Nux Vomica, 
and 1 drachm Solution of Phosphate or Iron. 

2098. Malt Extract with Cod Liver Oil and Phosphates.— Concentrated 
Solution of Phosphates Compound (1938), ]/ 2 fl.ounce, Cod Liver Oil and 
Malt, 1 pint. Mix them thoroughly by rubbing together in a mortar. 

2099. Extract of Malt with Iron. — Extract of Malt may be combined 
with most any of the strong Solutions or Soluble Salts of Iron. 

2100. Extract of Malt with Citrate of Iron. — Dissolve 64 grains of 
Citrate of Iron and Ammonium in half an ounce of Hot Water and mix with 
a pint of Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 2 grains of the 
Iron Salt. 

2101. Extract of Malt with Dialysed Iron. — Mix 320 minims Solution 
Dialysed Iron with a pint of Malt Extract. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 
10 minims Dialysed Iron. 

2102. Extract of Malt with Iodide of Iron. — Dissolve 64 grains Taste- 
less Iodide of Iron (Creuse's) in half fl.ounce Warm Water and mix with a 
pint of Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful, containing 2 grains of the 
Iron Salt. 

2103. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron.— Dissolve 64 grains 
Phosphate of Iron in scales (1880) in half an ounce of Hot Water and mix 
with a pint of Malt Extract. The dose, a tablespoonful, contains 2 grains of 
the Iron Salt. 

2104. Extract of Malt with Tincture of Iron.— Tasteless Tincture of 
Iron (1923) half fl.ounce Extract of Malt a pint; mix them well together. 
Combinations may also be made by mixing equal measures of Malt Extract 
and Elixir Gentian with Tincture Chloride of Iron. 



609 



2105. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron and Quinine. — 

Malt Extract, 8 fl. ounces, Elixir Iron and Quinine, 8 fl. ounces; mix them well 
together. Citrate of Iron and Quinine with Malt Extract may be made 
by adding 2 fl. ounces of Solution Citrate of Iron and Quinine to 14 fl. ounces 
of Extract of Malt. 

2106. Extract of Malt with Phosphate of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
nine. — Malt Extract, 8 fl.ounces, Elixir Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 8 
fl.ounces. Mix them well together. 

Citrate of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine with Malt Extract, may be 
made by adding 2 fl.ounces Solution Citrate of Iron and Quinine and 1 
fl.drachm of Solution of Strychnine to 14 fl.ounces of Malt Extract. 

2107. Extract of Malt with Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium 64 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium 48 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potassium 32 grains. 

Glycerin 1 fl. ounce. 

Hot Water 1 fl.ounce. 

Extract of Malt, 14 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Hypophosphites to a very fine powder in a mortar, dissolve them as 
nearly as possible in the Hot Water and Glycerin, and mix them with the 
Malt Extract. The dose is a tablespoonful, containing 4^ grains of the 
mixed Hypophosphites. 

2108. Extract of Malt with Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine 128 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 1 fl.drachm. 

Glycerin 1 fl.ounce. 

Water 1 fl.ounce. 

Malt Extract 14 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Lactopeptine with the Glycerin and Water, add the Acid, and 
macerate in a warm place for 12 hours, then mix with the Malt Extract. 
The combinations of Lactopeptine with Malt Extract may be made in the 
same manner as those of Pepsin. 

2109. Extract of Malt with Lactophosphates. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium '.. fl.ounce. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Iron '4 fl.ounce. 

Malt Extract 1 pint. 

Mix them thoroughly. A tablespoonful contains 5 grains of the Lacto- 
phosphates. A variety of combinations of Extract of Mall and I actophos- 



610 MALTUM — MALT. 

phates, and Calisaya, Gentian, etc., may be made by mixing equal parts of 
Malt Extract with Lactophosphates, and Elixirs of Calisaya, Gentian, etc., as 
desired. 



21 io. Extract of Malt with Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin 128 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 1 fi.drachm. 

Glycerin, 1 fl.ounce. 

Water 1 fl.ounce. 

Malt Extract, 14 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Pepsin with the Glycerin and Water, add the Acid and macerate 
in a warm place for 1 2 hours, then mix with the Malt Extract. A tablespoon- 
ful contains 4 grains Pepsin. 

2111. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Bismuth. — Solution of Bis- 
muth (1873) ]/ 2 fl.ounce, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Rub the Solu- 
tion first with a small portion of the Extract of Malt and Pepsin, and then 
with the remainder. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains 
each Pepsin and Bismuth. 

21 12. Extract of Malt with Pepsin, Bismuth, and Strychnine. — 

Solution of Bismuth (1873) y* fl.ounce, Solution of Strychnine (1942) 1 
fi.drachm, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Rub the Solutions first with 
a small portion of the Extract of Malt and Pepsin, and then with the remain- 
der. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains each Pepsin and 
Bismuth and -fe grain Strychnine. 

21 13. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Iron.— Solution of Citrate or 
Phosphate of Iron yi fl.ounce, Extract of Malt with Pepsin 1 pint. Mix the 
Solution with the Extract. Other solutions or salts of Iron may be combined, 
as desired, with Extract of Malt with Pepsin. The usual dose is a table- 
spoonful, containing 4 grains of the Iron salt and 4 grains of Pepsin. 

21 14. Extract of Malt with Pepsin and Pancreatin. — Saccharated Pep- 
sin 128 grains, Saccharated Pancreatin 128 grains, Extract of Malt 1 pint. 
Rub the powders first with a small portion of the Extract, and then with the 
remainder. A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains 2 grains each Pepsin 
and Pancreatin. 

21 15. Malt Extract with Peptones. — This is made by digesting finely 
chopped beef 2 ounces av., at about ioo° F., in a solution made of Scale 
Pepsin 30 grains, Hydrochloric Acid, diluted, 2 fl.drachms, Water 1 fl.ounce, 
Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, until the beef is reduced to a semi-fluid state, requiring 
about 6 or 7 hours. This is then mixed with sufficient Malt Extract to make 
a pint. 



MALTUM — MALT. 



611 



2116. 



Malt Extract with Phosphates. 






Concentrated Solution of Phosphates, 1 fl.ounce. 

Malt Extract 15 flounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

A variety of combinations of this preparation with Calisaya, Gentian, etc., 
may be made if desired. 

21 17. Malt Extract with Cascara Sagrada. — This may be made by 
mixing 1 fl.ounce of Fluid Extract Cascara Sagrada with 15 fl. ounces of Malt 
Extract. It is best combined with Liquid Malt Extract. It is a valuable laxa- 
tive, in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 

21 18. Malt Extract with Viburnium. — Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract of 
Black Haw with 15 fl. ounces Liquid Extract of Malt. Dose, a tablespoonful 
as a tonic for female difficulties, etc. 

2119. Malt Extract with Wafer Ash. — Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract 
Ptelea or Wafer Ash Bark with i 5 fl. ounces Malt Extract. Used for a tonic, 
dyspepsia, etc. Dose, a dessertspoonful or more. Many other combinations 
of Malt Extract or Liquid Malt Extract with fluid extracts of tonics, laxa- 
tives, etc., may be used to advantage. 

2120. Malt Extract with Yerba Santa.— Mix 1 fl.ounce Fluid Extract 
Verba Santa with 15 fl.ounces of Malt Extract. As a carrier for Quinine 
and other bitter medicines this preparation cannot be excelled. 

The following combinations of Malt Extract have a popular 
sale as proprietary medicines, and may be readily and profitably 
put up by druggists : 



2121. Malt Bitters. 

Bitter Orange Peel, 4 ounces av. 

Wahoo Bark 2 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seeds 1 ounce. 

iraon Bark 1 ounce. 

Good Whisky 3 pints. 

Water zyi pints. 

Liquid Malt Extract 3 pints. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate in the water-bath per- 
colator with the mixed Whisky and Water, then add the Liquid Malt Extract 
to the percolate, and filter or strain. The dose is a tablespoonful to a wine- 
glassful. 



C12 MALTUM — MALT. 



2122. Malt and Tar Cough Syrup. 

Oil of Tar ^ fl.ounce. 

Oil of Wintergreen, . . . 15 minims. 

Oil of Peppermint io minims. 

Oil of Sassafras 10 minims. 

Oil of Anise 15 minims. 

Tincture of Tolu 2 fl.ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 2 ounces av. 

Water y/ 2 pints. 

Alcohol l / 2 pint. 

Fluid Extract Lobelia, 1 fl.ounce. 

Fluid Extract Bloodroot, l / 2 fl.ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, 6 fl.ounces. 

Chloroform 2 fl.drachms. 

Chloride of Ammonium 2 ounces av. 

Tartar Emetic 30 grains. 

Malt Extract, 4 pints. 

Mix the Oils with the Tincture of Tolu, and rub together with the Carbon- 
ate of Magnesium in a mortar. Mix the Alcohol with the Water, and tritu- 
rate with the mixture in the mortar ; then set aside for a few hours and filter. 
Dissolve the Tartar Emetic and Chloride of Ammonium in the filtrate. Mix 
the fluid extracts Tincture of Opium and Chloroform with the Malt Extract 
by agitation ; then add the filtrate in which the salts have been dissolved and 
shake them well together. 

This is a very efficient cough remedy. Other ingredients may be added if 
desired. The dose is from a teaspoon ful to a dessertspoonful. 



2123. Malt Tonic. 

Sulphate of Quinine 60 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 120 grains. 

Compound Tincture of Cardamom 4 fl.ounces. 

Good Whisky 4 pints. 

Water 2 pints. 

Liquid Malt Extract 3 pints. 

Mix the Whisky, Water, and Compound Tincture of Cardamom and dis- 
solve the Alkaloidal salts in the mixture. After standing a few hours add the 
Malt Extract and strain or filter. 

Many other ingredients may be added to this preparation if desired, as 
Tincture or Fluid Extract of Hops, say 2 ounces, for Mai (-Hop Ionic, etc. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



MANGANESE. 613 






2124. Malt Cordial, or Malt-Wine Cordial. 

This may be made the same as the foregoing, only using Wine in place of 
the Whisky, or as follows : 

Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine 80 grains. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring 4 fl. ounces. 

Sherry or other Wine, 3 pints. 

Water 1% pint. 

Alcohol Yz pint. 

.Malt Extract 3 pints. 

Mix the Wine, Water, and Alcohol and dissolve the Alkaloidal salts in the 
mixture, add the Elixir flavoring, let stand a few hours, then add the Malt 
Extract and strain or filter. 

This is also known as Malt Wine, and many combinations with it may be 
made. 



MANGANESE. 

Symbol, Mn ; Atomic Weight, 54; Sp. gr., 7.13. 

Manganese is a very hard, brittle metal, found quite abund- 
ant in the form of black oxide. It is classed chemically with 
iron and chromium, its salts very much resembling those of 
iron. Metallic Manganese is seldom seen except in the chem- 
ist's laboratory; its affinity for oxygen is so great that when 
powdered it decomposes water without the aid of heat, and 
must be preserved in naphtha. 

It forms compounds with the non-metallic elements, and unites 
with hydrogen and oxygen, forming Manganic Acid(H 2 Mn 
O^), which is only known in its combinations with bases called 
Manganates. With Oxygen it forms definitely five compounds, 
and two more are supposed to exist. The Binoxide of Man- 
ganese is much employed as a source of Oxygen for manufac- 
turing purposes, as in the production of chlorine for bleaching 
purposes, the melting of glass with the oxyhydrogen jet, etc. 
In pharmacy it is employed for the production of chlorine, 
permanganate of potassium, and peroxide of hydrogen. A 



014 MANGANESE. 



few of the Manganese salts are employed in medicine as 
alteratives and tonics. 

The following- are the official salts of Manganese : 



2125. Mangani Oxidum Nigrum. 

Black Oxide of Manganese — Dioxide of Manganese. 
MnO s 

This is described in the U. S. P. as native crude Binoxide of 
Manganese, containing at least 66 per cent, of the pure 
Oxide. 

The Br. P. gives it the name Manganesii Oxidum Nigrum. 

Uses. — It is the commercial basis of the Manganese salts, 
and is extensively used for obtaining oxygen for chemical and 
industrial purposes. As found in the market it varies consid- 
erably as regards it purity, and those who use it largely for 
industrial purposes buy it only upon assay. 

2126. Mangani Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Ma?iganese. 

MnS0 4 .4H 2 0. 

This may be prepared by the process suggested by Pro. 
Diehle, which consists in heating together to redness in a 
crucible Manganese dioxide and charcoal, treating the residue 
with Sulphuric Acid and again heating to redness, then dis- 
solving the residue in water, filtering the solution and 
crystallizing. 

Uses. — This salt is used in making some other preparations 
of Manganese, and is sometimes given in doses of 5 to 15 
grains as a tonic. 

Other Salts of Manganese. 

The two foregoing are all the salts of Manganese official in 
the U. S. P. The Permanganate of Potassium is the most 



MANGANESE. 615 



important Manganese compound medicinally, but that is 
included in the Potassium salts. Quite a number of the other 
Manganese salts have their uses in pharmacy and medicine, 
the most important ones being noted below : 

2127. Acetate of Manganese— Mn(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . — This salt may be most 
conveniently made by neutralizing Acetic Acid with Carbonate of Manganese, 
concentrating the solution by evaporation and crystallizing. 

2128. Arseniate of Manganese— MnHAs0 4 . — By neutralizing a Solu- 
tion of Arsenic Acid with freshly precipitated Carbonate of Manganese, 
concentrating and crystallizing. 

2129. Benzoate of Manganese. — By adding to a Solution of Benzoic 
Acid Carbonate of Manganese until no more will be combined. 

2130. Carbonate of Manganese — MnCO s . — This is most conveniently- 
made by adding a Solution of Sulphate of Manganese to a Solution of Car- 
bonate of Potassium or Sodium, washing the precipitate and drying. 

2131. Chloride of Manganese — MnCl 2 . — By dissolving Dioxide of 
Manganese in Hydrochloric Acid, purifying from Iron salts, etc., evaporating 
and crystallizing. 

2132. Citrate of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of Manganese 
in a strong Solution of Citric Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. 

2133. Hypophosphite of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of 
Manganese in Hypophosphorous Acid, and crystallizing, or by decomposing a 
Solution of Sulphate of Manganese with a strong Solution of Hypophosphite 
of Calcium, filtering, and concentrating the solution. 

2134. Iodide of Manganese. — By dissolving Carbonate of Manganese 
in Hydriodic Acid, concentrating and crystallizing in vacuo. 

2135. Oxides of Manganese. — Besides the official Dioxide of Mangan- 
ese, Mn0 2 , which is black, there exists the Monoxide, MnO, light green, 
the Sesquioxide, M11J),, dark brown, the Magnetic Oxide, Mn 3 4 , red, and 
Permanganic Oxide, Mn 2 7 , a dark brown liquid. 

2136. Phosphate of Manganese — MnHP0 4 .6H 2 0. — This is most con- 
veniently made by precipitating a Solution of Sulphate of Manganese by 
adding it to a Solution of Phosphate of Sodium, washing the precipitate and 
drying. 

2137. Tartrate of Manganese — MnC 4 H 4 O .— By adding freshly pre- 
cipitated Carbonate of Manganese to a Solution of Tartaric Acid, concentrat- 
ing and crystallizing. 

Manganic Acid, lUInu,, is only known by its salts, which are called 
Manganalcs. /'crmaiign/iit Acid, 1 1 MnO.,, is obtained by cautiously dis- 
tilling Permanganate of Potassium and Sulphuric Acid. It is the acid base 
of the Permanganate salts. 



616 MASS. K— MASSES. 



M ASS^E — MASSES. 

Under this title the U. S- P. gives the formulae for three 
preparations, which are made and kept in the form of a pilular 
mass, and are frequently sold or dispensed in this form, but 
are also designed to be made up into pills, or to be mixed with 
other substances for making pills. Under the title Pilulae in 
the Br. P. quite a number of masses are included, see PlLUL^E. 
The U. S. official formulas are as follows : 



2138. Massa Copaibae. 

Mass of Copaibce — Pilnhu Copaiba? . 

Copaiba 94 parts or 1 ounce av., Magnesia (recently pre- 
pared) 6 parts or 28 grains. Mix them intimately and set aside 
until it concretes into a pilular mass. 

2139. Massa Ferri Carbonatis. 

Mass of Carbonate of Iron — Vallefs Mass — Pilala? Ferri 
Carbonatis. 

Sulphate of Iron, . . . 
Carbonate of Sodium, . 
Clarified Honey, . . . 
Sugar, in coarse powder, 
Distilled Water, ) 
Syrup, ! 

Dissolve the Iron Salt and Sodium Salt separately, each in 
200 parts or a pint of boiling Distilled Water, and, having 
added 25 parts or 3 fl. drachms of Syrup to the solution of 
Iron Salt, filter both solutions. Mix them when cold in a 
bottle just large enough to hold both solutions, and stop the 
bottle tightly and set aside so that the Carbonate of Iron may 
subside. Pour off the supernatant liquid, and having mixed 
Syrup and Distilled Water in the proportion of one part or 



100 parts or 


2 ounces av. 


1 10 parts or 


2}i ounces av. 


38 parts or 


Y^ ounce av. 


25 parts or 


y 2 ounce av. 



each a sufficient quantity. 



MASS.E — MASSES. 617 



\y 2 fl. drachm of Syrup to 16 parts or 4 fl. ounces of water. 
Wash the precipitate until the washings no longer have a 
saline taste. Drain the precipitate on a flannel cloth and ex- 
press as much of the water as possible. Lastly, mix the pre- 
cipitate immediately with the Honey and Sugar, and by means 
of a water-bath evaporate the mixture, stirring constantly 
until it is reduced to 100 parts or two ounces av. 

The Br. Pilula Ferri Carbonatis is made with Saccharated 
Carbonate of Iron, Br., 1 ounce, Confection of Rose y± ounce. 

The German Pilulce Ferri Carbonici is made with Sulphate 
of Iron 50 parts, Bicarbonate of Sodium 35 parts, Powdered 
Sugar 8 parts, Clarified Honey 26 parts, Water, etc., in the 
same manner as by the U. S. formula, to make 40 parts. 



2140. Massa Hydrargyri. 

Mass of Mercury — Blue Mass— Blue Pill. 

Mercury, 33 parts or 578 grains. 

Glycyrrhiza, in N0.60 Powder, 5 parts or 58 grains. 
Althaea, in No. 60 Powder, 25 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 3 parts or 45 minims. 

Honey of Rose, .... 34 parts or 1 x /% fl. ounce. 

Triturate the Mercury with the Honey of Rose and Glycerin 
until it is extinguished. Then gradually add the Glycyrrhiza 
and Althaea, and continue the trituration until globules of 
Mercury cease to be visible under a lens magnifying 10 diam- 
eters. The extinguishment of the Mercury may be hastened 
by adding to the Honey of Rose a few drops of Tincture of 
Tolu or Benzoin occasionally. 

The Br. formula under the title Pilula Hydrargyri or Mer- 
curial Pill is Mercury 2 ounces av., Confection of Rose 3 ounces 
av., Liquorice Root in fine power 1 ounce av. The Mercury 
is first rubbed with the Confection, then with the Liquorice. 

Blue Mass is one of the articles most frequently called for, 
but it is seldom made by druggists, being supplied by manu- 
facturing pharmacists, who have better facilities for pre- 
paring it. 



618 MELITA — HONEYS. 



MELITA — HONEYS. 

Honey is a saccharine secretion deposited by the Honey 
Bee, Apis Mcllifica, in honey comb. In pharmacy strained 
or drawn Honey only is employed as a basis of Honey prep- 
arations and sold or dispensed in medicine. The following 
preparations of Honey are official. They are thick, syrupy 
preparations, used chiefly for their local effect or as carriers for 
medicinal substances. 



2141. Mel Despumatum. U. S. 

Clarified Honey. 

Honey, a convenient quantity. Heat by means of a water- 
bath, remove the scum, and strain. 

The Br. and German Pharmacopoeias, under the title of Mel 
Depuratiun, direct similar methods of preparing it. 

This is used for making confections, oxymel, etc. 

2142. Mel Boracis. Br. 

Borax Honey. 

Borax, in fine powder, ... 60 grains or 2 parts. 

Glycerin, 30 grains or 1 part. 

Clarified Honey, 480 grains or 16 parts. 

Mix them. This is used for cankered mouth and throat. 

2143. Mel Rosae. U. S. 

Honey of Rose. 

Red Rose, in No. 40 powder, 8 parts or 2 ounces av. 
Clarified Honey, .... 92 parts or 23 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the powder with 2 parts or y 2 fi. ounce of diluted 
Alcohol, pack it firmly in a conical glass percolator and gradu- 
ally pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 33 parts or 8 fi. ounces 



MELITA — HONEYS. METHYL. 619 

of percolate are obtained. Reserve the first 3 parts or 6 
fl. drachms of the percolate, evaporate the remainder by means 
of a water-bath to 5 parts or 10 fl. drachms, add the reserved 
portion, and mix the whole with the clarified Honey. 

The German formula produces a similar preparation. 

This is used in making several washes and confections. 

The following Oxymels, official in the Br. P., may quite 
properly be included under this heading: 

2144. Oxymel. Br. 

Clarified Honey, 40 ounces or 8 parts. 

Acetic Acid, 5 fl. ounces or 1 fl.part. 

Distilled Water, 5 fl. ounces or 1 fl.part. 

Liquefy the Honey by heat and mix with the Acetic Acid 
and Water. 

The dose is 1 to 2 fl. drachms for coughs, etc. 



2145. Oxymel Scillae. Br. 

Oxymel of Squill. 

Vinegar of Squill 1 pint or 5 fl. parts. 

Clarified Honey, 2 pounds or 8 parts. 

Mix and evaporate by a water-bath until the product, when 
cold, shall have a specific gravity of 1.32. 

This is used for coughs, in doses of ^ to a teaspoonful. 



METHYL. 
CH 8 . 

Methyl is the radical of the Methyl series of compounds of 
which Methylic or Wood Alcohol is the hydrate. It forms, 
with other bodies, a large number of compounds highly impor- 
tant in chemistry and pharmacy, similar in characteristics to 



620 \iisrrk.K — mixtures. 

the compounds of Amyl, Ethyl and other radicals of the Alco- 
hol series, see page 85. 

The most important combination of Methyl is its hydrate, 
Methylic or Wood Alcohol, which is obtained by distillation 
from carbonaceous substances and is hence called Carbonol. It 
is the commercial basis of the Methyl products, and has 
already been described, page 95. The other Methyl salts are 
but little used in pharmacy, the Acetate, Chloride and Iodide 
being the most important. Methyl salts form valuable com- 
binations with Aniline, producing some of the most brilliant 
colors, and Oil of Wintergreen is chemically Salicilate of 
Methyl. 



MISTUR^ MIXTURES. 

The term Mixture is applied in Pharmacy to aqueous liquid 
preparations which contain insoluble substances suspended or 
precipitated, and are intended for internal use or administra- 
tion. In a popular sense the name Mixture is applied to a 
great variety of preparations, many of which are emulsions, 
solutions, syrups, tinctures, etc. Under this heading the Mix- 
tures official in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias will first be 
given and then the more important unofficial Mixtures which 
are not more naturally included under other headings. See, 
also, Proprietary Medicines, the Standard Remedies, etc. 

2146. Mistura Ammoniaci. 

Ammoniac Mixture. U. S. — Ammouiacum Mixture. Br. 

Ammoniac, 4 parts or 18 grains. 

Water, 100 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Rub the Ammoniac with the Water gradually added until 
they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 

The Br. formula is about the same, being ]/^ ounce av. to 8 
fl. ounces of Water. 

This is used for coughs, etc., in doses of y 2 to a fl. ounce. 



MISTURA — MIXTURES. 621 

2147. Mistura Amygdalae. 

Almond Mixture. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Sweet Almonds 6 parts or 240 grains. 

Acacia, in fine powder, . . 1 part or 40 grains. 

Sugar, 3 parts or 120 grains. 

Distilled Water, .... 100 parts or 9 fl. ounces. 

Having blanched the Almonds, add the Acacia and Sugar 
and beat them in a mortar until thoroughly mixed ; then rub 
the mixture with the distilled Water, gradually added, and 
strain. 

The Br. formula is compound powder of Almonds 2 ounces, 
distilled Water 16 fl. ounces, rubbed together and strained. 

This is a bland mixture, used for irritable stomach, coughs, 
etc. Dose I to 2 fl. ounces. 

2148. Mistura Asafoetidae. U. S. 

Asafctida Mixture. 

Asafetida, 4 parts or 18 grains. 

Water 100 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Rub the Asafetida with the Water, gradually added, until 
they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful, as an anti- 
spasmodic, for worms, etc. 

2149. Mistura Chloroformi. U. S. 

Chloroform Mixture. 

Purified Chloroform, . . . 8 parts or 4 11. drachms. 

Camphor, 2 parts or 96 grains. 

Fresh Yolk of Egg, ... 10 parts or 1 fl.ounce. 

Water 80 parts or 8 tl. ounces. 

Rub the Yolk of Egg in a mortar, first by itself, then with 
the Camphor, previously dissolved in the Chloroform, and, 



622 M ISTUR/E — MIXTURES. 



lastly, with the Water, gradually added, so as to make a uni- 
form mixture. 

This is really an emulsion of Chloroform and Camphor, mak- 
ing a very convenient manner of exhibiting them. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



2150. Mistura Creasoti. Br. 

Creasote Mixture. 



Creasote, 



Glacial Acetic Acid, 
Spirit of Juniper, 
Syrup, .... 
Distilled Water, . 



1 5 minims or 1 fl.part. 



15 minims or 1 fl.part. 
30 minims or 2 fl. parts. 
1 fl. ounce or 32 fl. parts. 
15 fl. ounces or 480 fl. parts. 

Mix the Creasote with the Acetic Acid, gradually add the 
Water, and, lastly, the Syrup and Spirit. 
Dose, 1 to 2 fl. ounces. 



2151. Mistura Cretae. 

Chalk Mixture. 

The U. S. formula directs : 

Compound Chalk Powder, . 20 parts or 240 grains. 

Cinnamon Water 40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Water 40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Rub the Powder with the Cinnamon W T ater, and Water 
gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 

This preparation as thus prepared will not keep for any 
great length of time, and it is suggested to use, instead of 1 
fl. ounce of Water, only x / 2 ounce, and y 2 ounce Alcohol, making 
a permanent preparation. 

The Br. formula is : Prepared Chalk %. ounce av., powdered 
Acacia % ounce av., Syrup y 2 fl. ounce, Cinnamon Water jy 2 
fl. ounces. 

The dose of Chalk Mixture is 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as an antacid 
and for bowel complaints of children. 



MISTUR^E — MIXTURES. 623 



2152. Mistura Ferri Aromatica. Br. 

Aromatic Mixture of Iron. 

Red Cinchona Bark, in powder, . . 1 ounce av. 
Columba Root, in coarse powder, . . y 2 ounce. 

Cloves, bruised, in coarse powder, . . y ounce. 

Fine Iron Wire, y 2 ounce. 

Compound Tincture of Cardamom, . 3 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Orange Peel y 2 fl. ounce. 

Peppermint Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Macerate the drugs and the Iron with 12 fl. ounces of Pep- 
permint Water, in a closed vessel, for three days, agitating 
occasionally; then filter the liquid, adding as much Pepper- 
mint Water to the filtrate as will make the product measure 
\2y 2 fl. ounces ; to this add the tinctures, and preserve the 
mixture in a well-stopped bottle. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. ounces, as 
an iron tonic. 



2153. Mistura Ferri Composita. 

Compound Iron Mixture — Griffith's Mixture. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Sulphate of Iron, in coarse 

powder, 6 parts or 24 grains. 

Myrrh, in small pieces, . . 18 parts or 72 grains. 

Sugar, 18 parts or 72 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium, . . 8 parts or 32 grains. 

Spirit of Lavender 50 parts or y 2 fl. ounce. 

Rose Water 900 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Myrrh, Sugar and Carbonate of Potassium with the 
Rose Water, gradually added, then with the Lavender, and 
lastly with the Sulphate of Iron. Pour the mixture immedi- 
ately into a bottle, which should be well stopped. 

The Br. formula is Sulphate of Iron 25 grains, Myrrh, Sugar. 
each 60 grains. Carbonate of Potassium, 30 grains, Spirit of 



G24 MISTUR^E — MIXTURES. 

Nutmeg, 4 fl. drachms, Rose Water, g 1 /, fl. ounces, made in a 
similar manner. 

This is used as an iron tonic, especially for female com- 
plaints, amenorrhcea, etc. The dose is from I to 2 fl. ounces. 



2154. Mistura Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. U.S. 

Mixture of Acetate of Iron and Ammonium — Bashairi s 
Mixture. 
Tincture Chloride of Iron, . 2 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
Diluted Acetic Acid, ... 3 parts or 4 fl. drachms. 
Solution of Acetate of Am- 
monium 20 parts or 3^ fl. ounces. 

Elixir of Orange (Simple 

Elixir), 10 parts or 1^ fl. ounce. 

Syrup, 15 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, 50 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

To the Solution of Acetate of Ammonium, previously mixed 
with the Diluted Acetic Acid, add the Tincture of Chloride of 
Iron, and afterward the Elixir of Orange, Syrup and Water, 
and mix the whole thoroughly. The dose of this, as an aromatic 
iron tonic, is an ounce or more after meals. 



2155. Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. U. S. 

Compound Mixture of GlycyrrJiiza — Brown Mixture. 

Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza, 3 parts or ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Sugar 3 parts or x / 2 ounce av. 

Acacia, in fine powder, . . 3 parts or y 2 ounce av. 
Camphorated Tincture of 

Opium, 12 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Wine of Antimony, . . . 6 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether, . 3 parts or x / 2 fl. ounce. 

Water, 70 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Extract of Liquorice, Sugar, and Acacia, with the 
Water gradually added ; then add the other ingredients, and 
mix the whole thoroughly. 



MISTURjE — MIXTURES. 625 

Brown Mixture Improved. — As made by the foregoing formula, this 
preparation always has quite a precipitate or sediment, and although this corre- 
sponds with the pharmaceutical idea of a mixture, it is quite undesirable for 
dispensing in this form. The following formula does away with this objec- 
tion chiefly : Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated 160 grains, Acacia in fine powder y 2 
ounce av., Tincture of Opium 160 minims, Wine of Antimony I fl.ounce, 
Spirit of Nitrous Ether y* fl.ounce, Alcohol 2 fl.ounces, Warm Water suffi- 
cient to make a pint. Mix and dissolve. 

Uses. — Brown Mixture was formerly very much prescribed as a cough 
preparation, and is yet considerably used for that purpose, in doses of a tea- 
spoonful or more. 

2156. Mistura Guaiaci. Br. 

Guaiacum Mixture. 

Guaiacum Resin, ... y 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 

Refined Sugar, ... y 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 

Gum Arabic, powdered, . y ounce av. or y part. 

Cinnamon Water, ... 20 fl.ounces or 40 fl. parts. 

Triturate the Guaiacum with the Sugar and the Gum, add- 
ing gradually the Cinnamon Water. 

Uses. — This is a favorite remedy for rheumatism, in doses 
of y 2 to 2 fl.ounces. 

2157. Mistura Magnesii et Asafoetidae. U. S. 

Mixture of Magnesia and Asafetida — Dewee's Carminative. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 5 parts or 260 grains. 
Tincture of Asafetida, . . 7 parts or 10 fl. drachms. 
Tincture of Opium, . . . 1 part or 75 minims. 

Sugar, 10 parts or 1^ ounce av. 

Distilled Water, sufficient to 

make 100 parts or a pint. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium and Sugar in a mortar 
with the Tinctures, then add gradually enough distilled Water 
to make 100 parts or a pint. 

This favorite remedy is much used for children, in doses of 
a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



626 mistura — MIXTURES. 



2158. Mistura Potassii Citratis. 

Mixture of Citrate of Potassium — Neutral Mixture. 

Fresh Lemon Juice, strained, 100 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
Bicarbonate of Potassium, 

about 10 parts or 170 grains. 

Add the Bicarbonate of Potassium gradually to the Lemon 
Juice until it is neutralized. This should be freshly made 
when wanted for use. It is used chiefly as a refrigerant. 



2159. Mistura Rhei et Sodae. U. S. 

Mixture of Rhubard and Soda. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, . 30 parts or ]/ 2 ounce av. 
Fluid Extract of Rhubarb, 30 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
Spirit of Peppermint, . . 30 parts or 5 fl. drachms. 
Water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or a pint. 

Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in 500 parts or half a 
pint of Water, add the Fluid Extract and Spirit and then 
enough Water to make 1000 parts or a pint. 

This is used as an antacid and laxative, in doses from y 2 to 
2 fl. ounces. 



2160. Mistura Scammonii. Br. 

Scammony Mixture. 

Scammony, in powder, ... 6 grains or I part. 
Milk, 2 fl. ounces or 146 parts. 

Triturate the Scammony with the Milk until a uniform emul- 
sion is obtained. This should be freshly made when wanted 
for use. The dose is from 1 to 3 fl. ounces, as a purgative. 



MISTURiE — MIXTURES. 627 

2161. Mistura Sennas Composita. Br. 

Compound Mixture of Senna — Black Draught. 

Sulphate of Magnesium, 4 ounces av. or 4 parts. 
Liquid Extract of Liquor- 
ice, 1 ounce av. or 1 fl.part. 



Tincture of Senna, . 
Compound Tincture 
Cardamoms, . . . 
Infusion of Senna, 

Dissolve the Sulphate of 



23/2 fl. ounces or 2.y 2 fl.parts. 
)f 

\y 2 fl. ounce or \y 2 fl.part. 
15 fl. ounces or 15 fl.parts. 

Magnesium in the Infusion of 
Senna with the aid of a little heat, then add the Liquid 
Extract and the Tinctures. 

This is the familiar British Black Draught, quite similar to 
the U. S. and German Infusion of Senna Compound, but 
stronger. 

Uses. — This is used as a purgative, in doses of 1 to lyi 
fl. ounces, and as a laxative in smaller doses. 

2162. Mistura Spiritus Vini Gallici. Br. 

Mixture of French Brandy. 

French Brandy, 4 fl. ounces. 

Cinnamon Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

The Yolks of two Eggs. 

Refined Sugar, y ounce. 

Rub the Yolks and the Sugar together, then add the Cinna- 
mon Water and the Spirit. 

Uses. — Although our British friends call this a pharmaceu- 
tical preparation, it is more familiarly known in this country 
,-Nogg, but is somewhat improved by more Sugar. 

Other Mixtures. 

The foregoing official Mixtures are all that are recognized 
in the U. S. and Br. Pharmacopoeias, but a great many others 



628 MISTUR.-E — MIXTURES. 



have been introduced by popular physicians as their favorite 
mixtures, and their formulae have been preserved, and are here 
repeated. Other formulas for Mixtures will be found under 
other headings: 

2163. Brown-Sequard's Anti-Epileptic Mixture. — Bromide of Sodium 
360 grains, Bromide of Potassium 360 grains, Bromide of Ammonium 360 
grains, Iodide of Potassium 180 grains, Iodide of Ammonium 180 grains, 
Carbonate of Ammonium 120 grains, Tincture of Columba 3 fl.ounces, 
Water sufficient to make a pint. Dose, 1 ]/ 2 teaspoonful before meals, 3 tea- 
spoonfuls at bed-time. 

2164. Fothergill's Asthma Mixture.— Iodide of Ammonium 240 grains, 
Bromide of Ammonium 360 grains, Syrup of Tolu 6 fl.ounces, Tincture of 
Lobelia 10 fl.ounces. Mix and dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

2165. Hoffmann's Balsamic Mixture — Mixtura Oleoso-Balsamzca, G. P. 
— Hoffmann s Balsam of Life. — Oil of Lavender, Oil of Cloves, Oil of 
Cinnamon, Oil of Thyme, Oil of Lemon, Oil of Mace, Oil of Orange Flow- 
ers, each 1 part, Balsam of Peru 3 parts, Alcohol 240 parts. Mix them and 
set the mixture aside for several days in a cool place, shaking occasionally, 
then filter. 

2166. Hope's Camphor Mixture. — Tincture of Opium 80 minims, 
Nitrous Acid 120 minims, Camphor Water a pint. Dose, a tablespoonful 
every two hours, for dysentery. 

2167. Paris' Carminative Mixture. — Calcined Magnesia y 2 ounce av., 
Peppermint Water 2^ fl.ounces, Compound Tincture of Lavender ]/ z fl.ounce, 
Spirit of Caraway 4 fl.ounces, Syrup of Ginger 2 fl.ounces. Mix. Dose, 2 
to 4 fl. drachms. 

2168. Richard's Chalk Mixture. — Precipitated Chalk 480 grains, Sugar 
410 grains, Tincture of Opium 1 fl. drachm, Spirit of Cinnamon 15 minims. 
Compound Tincture of Lavender 1 fl.ounce, Tincture of Kino 1 fl.ounce, 
Water 3 fl.ounces. Mix them. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 

2169. Jackson's Cholera Mixture.— Spirit of Lavender Compound 2 
fl.ounces, Spirit of Camphor 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, Spirit 
of Ether Compound 1 fl.ounce. Mix them. The dose is ]/ z to a teaspoonful. 

2170. Jackson's Cough Mixture or Syrup. — Sassafras Pith 60 grains, 
Gum Arabic 1 ounce av., White Sugar 28 ounces av., Muriate of Morphine 
8 grains, Water 1 pint, or sufficient. Put the Sassafras Pith and Gum Arabic 
in the Water and let stand 12 hours, with frequent stirring, then strain, and 
dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by stirring. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

2171. Sparkman's Cholera Mixture. — Camphor 1 drachm, Kino 2 
ounces, Catechu y 2 ounce. Powdered Cinnamon 2 ounces. Powdered Cloves 
1 ounce, Powdered Capsicum 2 ounces, Brandy 1 l / 2 pint, Tincture Opium i l / 2 



MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 629 

fl.ounces, Chloroform i fl.ounce. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, 
y z to i teaspoonful. 

2172. Sun Cholera Mixture.— Tincture of Opium, Tincture of Capsicum, 
Tincture of Rhubarb, Spirit of Camphor, Spirit of Peppermint, each 1 
fl.ounce. Mix them. The dose is a teaspoonful in water. 

2173. Chapman's Copaiba Mixture. — Copaiba 4 fl.ounces, Acacia, pow- 
dered, 120 grains, Sugar 60 grains, Spirit of Nitrous Ether 4 fl.ounces, Com- 
pound Tincture of Lavender 2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Opium 1 fl. drachm, 
distilled Water 4 fl.ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

2174. Alkaline Copaiba Mixture. — Copaiba 4 fl.drachms, Acacia 240 
grains, Sugar 240 grains, Solution of Potassa 4 fl.drachms, Spearmint Water 
sufficient to make 8 fl.ounces. Mix the Copaiba and Solution of Potassa and 
rub with the Water Acacia, etc. 

2175. Copaiba, Santal, and Cubeb Mixture — Nesbit's Specific. — Oil 
of Santal 5 fl.drachms, Oil of Copaiba 4 fl.drachms, Oil of Cubeb 4 
fi. drachms, Oil of Pimenta 1 fl. drachm, Oil of Cassia 1 fl. drachm, Alcohol 
sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Mix and dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful in 
water or syrup. 

2176. Pancoast's Cough Mixture.— Wild Cherry Bark 240 grains, Sen- 
ega 240 grains, Ipecac 1 20 grains, Extract of Conium 1 5 grains, Compound 
Tincture of Cardamom 1 fl.ounce, Compound Spirit of Juniper 1 fl.ounce, 
Water sufficient to make 10 fl.ounces. Percolate the Bark and Roots with 
sufficient Water to make 8 fl.ounces. Rub the Extract of Conium with the 
percolate and add the other ingredients. The dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

2177. Gould's Diarrhoea Mixture. — Compound Tincture of Rhubarb 1 
fl.ounce, Tincture of Opium 4 fl.drachms, Spirit of Camphor 2 fl.drachms, 
Water of Ammonia 1 fl.drachm, Oil of Peppermint 30 minims. Mix them. 
Dose, a teaspoonful in hot sweetened water. 

2178. Squibb's Diarrhoea Mixture — Compound Tincture of Opium. — 
Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, Tincture of Capsicum 1 fl.ounce, Spirit of 
Camphor 1 fl.ounce, Purified Chloroform 3 fl.drachms, Alcohol sufficient to 
make 5 fl.ounces. Mix them. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 

2179. Velpeau's Diarrhoea Mixture.— Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, 
Tincture of Rhubarb 1 fl.ounce, Camphorated Tincture of Opium 1 fl.ounce, 
Spirit of Peppermint \% fl.ounce, Tincture of Capsicum ^ fl.ounce. Mix 
them. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 

2180. Laville's Gout Mixture.— Sulphate of Quinine 30 grains, Sulphate 
Cinchonine 22 grains, Extract of Colocynth 195 grains, Diluted Alcohol 3 
fl.ounces, Red Wine sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Mix them and dissolve. 
The dose is a tablespoonful. 

2181. Tully's Iron and Conium Mixture. — Subcarbonate of Iron 600 
grains, Extract of Conium 300 grains, Sugar 8 ounces, Oil of Cassia 18 



630 MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 



minims, Oil of Gaultheria 20 minims, Compound Tincture of Cinnamon 2 
fl. ounces, Tincture of Tolu 4 fl. drachms, Water sufficient to make a pint. 
Mix them. 

2182. Gadberry's Spleen Mixture. — Nitrate of Potassium 300 grains, 
Sulphate of Quinine 65 grains, Sulphate of Iron 65 grains, Nitric Acid 65 
minims, Water sufficient to make a pint. Mix them and dissolve. Dose, a 
tablespoonful 3 times a day. 

2183. Townsend's Mixture — (New-York Hospital). — Red Iodide of Mer- 
cury 1 grain, Iodide of Potassium 300 grains, Syrup of Orange Peel 2 
fl. ounces, Compound Tincture of Cardamom 2 fl. drachms, Water sufficient 
to make 4 fl.ounces. Dose, 1 to 4 teaspoonsful for Syphilis. 



MUCILAGINES— MUCILAGES. 

Mucilages, as they are understood in pharmacy, are thick 
viscid liquids, prepared by dissolving gums or other vegetable 
substances, containing mucilage, in water, either cold or by the 
aid of heat. They are used in medicine chiefly for suspending 
more active medicinal substances, for soothing irritated internal 
or external surfaces and for their local action as palliatives. 

In pharmacy they are used for making pill masses, troches, 
emulsions, mixtures, etc. 

The gum mucilages are also extensively used as adhesives 
for labels, papers, etc., and some of the other mucilages are 
employed as a base for toilet preparations, such as bandoline, 
fragrant cream, etc. 

The Mucilages official in the U.S., Br. and German Pharma- 
copoeias are as follows : 



2184. Mucilago Acacia. 

Mucilage of Acacia. 

The U. S. formula is : Acacia in small fragments, 34 parts 
or 4 ounces av., Water, sufficient to make 100 parts or 9 
fl.ounces. Wash the Acacia with cold water, then add to it 
66 parts or 7^ fl.ounces of Water, and agitate occasionally 
until it is dissolved, and strain. 



MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 631 

The Br. P. directs Acacia 4 ounces, and Distilled Water 6 
fl. ounces. The G. P. directs 1 part of the Gum to 2 parts of 
Water. 

In making Mucilage of Acacia for medicinal use the best 
quality of Gum Arabic should be selected ; for making " Mucil- 
age " for adhesive purposes inferior Gum is used. 

Uses. — In pharmacy Acacia Mucilage is used for making 
emulsions, many masses, mixtures and compounds. In medi- 
cine it is employed as a vehicle for suspending powders and 
other kinds of medicine. 



2185. Mucilago Amyli. Br. 

Mucilage of Starch. 

Starch, 120 grains or 24 parts. 

Distilled Water, .... 10 fl. ounces or 875 fl. parts. 

Triturate the Starch, with the Water gradually added ; then 
boil for a few minutes, constantly stirring. 

Uses. — This is a bland Mucilage, which maybe used for the 
administration of irritating medicines. 

2186. Mucilago Cydonii. U. S. 

Mucilage of Cydonium or Quince. 

Cydonium (Quince Seed), . . 2 parts or 72 grains. 
Distilled Water, 100 parts or 16 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Cydonium for half an hour in a covered vessel 
will) the Distilled Water, agitating frequently, then drain the 
liquid through muslin without pressure. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this Mucilage is frequently used as a 
bland vehicle for the administration or application of other 
medicines, for which it is well fitted, especially for applications 
to the eye. Made with double the quantity of the Seeds and 
longer maceration it forms an admirable base for several pop- 
ular toilet preparations, as fragrant cream, bandoline, etc., 
which see. 



632 MUCILAGINES — MUCILAGES. 



2187. Mucilago Salep. G. P. 

Mucilage of Salep. 

Salep, in fine powder, I part. 

Water, 100 parts. 

Shake the Salep with 10 parts of cold Water, and add 90 
parts of boiling Water, mixing them well together. This is 
similar to Starch Mucilage. 

2188. Mucilago Sassafras Medullae. U. S. 

Mucilage of Sassaf?-as Pith. 

Sassafras Pith 2 parts or 72 grains. 

Water, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for three hours and strain. 

Uses. — This Mucilage has the flavor of Sassafras, and is 
used chiefly in cough mixtures. 

2189. Mucilago Tragacanthae. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Tragacanth, 6 parts or 190 grains. 

Glycerin, 18 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Water sufficient to make . 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Glycerin with j6 parts or $y 2 fl. ounces of Water; 
heat the mixture to boiling, add the Tragacanth and let it 
macerate for 24 hours, stirring occasionally; then add enough 
Water to make 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces; beat it to a uniform 
consistence and strain forcibly through muslin. 

The Br. formula is Tragacanth, in powder, 60 grains, dis- 
tilled Water 10 fl. ounces, rectified Spirit 2 fl. drachms. Mix 
the Tragacanth with the Spirit, then pour in the Water with 
constant agitation. 

Uses. — Tragacanth Mucilage is used chiefly as an excipient 
for pills and to mix with troches and other substances required 
to be made into a mass. It is also employed as an adhesive 
for labels, etc. 



NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 633 

2190. Mucilago Ulmi. U. S. 

Elm, sliced and dried, . . 6 parts or 216 grains. 
Boiling Water, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel and strain. 

Uses. — Elm Mucilage is a favorite domestic remedy for 
coughs and irritation of the throat, taken as a drink ad libitum. 

Other Mucilages. 

Mucilages are sometimes made from other mucilaginous sub- 
stances, the principal ones being as follows: 

2191. Mucilage of Fenugreek. — Digest 1 part of Fenugreek Seed in 10 
parts of Water for 12 hours, then boil and strain. 

2192. Mucilage of Linseed. — Digest 1 part of Linseed (Flaxseed) in 6 
parts of warm Water for 6 hours, stirring occasionally, and strain. 

2193. Mucilage of Liquorice. — Pour 6 parts of boiling Water on 1 part 
of Liquorice Root, cut in fine pieces, and, after a few hours, strain. 

2194. Mucilage of Marsh Mallow. — Make in the same proportion and 
manner as the preceding. 



NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 

Symbol, Ni ; Atomic weight, 38 ; Sp. gr., 8.9. 

Nickel is a metal classed chemically with cobalt and tin, 
obtained from ores found in different parts of the world by 
fusing them and separating the Nickel by various means. It 
is hard, white, malleable and magnetic, resembling silver, but 
harder, being therefore better adapted for plating, for which it 
is extensively used. It forms alloys with copper and zinc, 
known as German Silver, Albata, etc. (482), which are much 
employed as a basis for silver-plated ware. It is also used as a 
coin of small denomination, in the United States. Its salts 
are not used in medicine, but some of them are extensively 
used in silver-plating solutions. 



634 NICCOLUM — NICKEL. 



The following are the principal salts of Nickel: 

2195. Acetate of Nickel — Ni(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .— By adding Carbonate of 
Nickel to Acetic Acid until neutralized, concentrating and crystallizing. 

2196. Bromide of Nickel— NiBr- —By neutralizing Hydrobromic Acid 
with Carbonate of Nickel, concentrating and crystallizing. 

2197. Carbonate of Nickel — NiC0 3 . — This may be made by adding 
Carbonate of Sodium to a solution of Chloride of Nickel and collecting the 
precipitate, or by heating Chloride of Nickel with Carbonate of Sodium in 
sealed tubes. 

2198. Chloride of Nickel— NiCl„. — By neutralizing Hydrochloric Acid 
with Carbonate of Nickel, concentrating and crystallizing, or by heating 
Nickel filings to low redness in a current of Chlorine. Double Chlorides of 
Nickel with Ammonium, Potassium or Sodium, may be made by combining 
solution of Chloride of Nickel with Solution of Chlorides of the substances 
named. 

2199. Cyanide of Nickel — NiCN 3 . — By adding a solution of Cyanide 
of Potassium to a solution of any Nickel Salt in slight excess and collecting 
the precipitate. 

2200. Hydrate of Nickel — Ni (HO) 2 .— By precipitating a solution of any 
soluble Salt of Nickel with Caustic Potassa. This may be dissolved in Acids 
for making any of the Soluble Nickel Salts. 

2101. Oxides of Nickel. — With Oxygen Nickel forms two oxides, the 
Monoxide, NiO, being of an olive-green color, and the Sesquioxide, Ni 2 3 , 
a black powder. 

2202. Sulphate of Nickel — NiS0 4 . — By dissolving Carbonate or Oxide 
of Nickel in Sulphuric Acid diluted with water, concentrating and crystal- 
lizing. This salt is obtained in pale-green crystals, and is much used for 
nickel-plating. 

Double Sulphates of Nickel with Ammonium, Potassium and Sodium, 
may be made by mixing a solution of Sulphate of Nickel with a solution of 
the Sulphates of the other substances. The Double Salts of Nickel, as they 
are called, are much used for nickel-plating. 



NITROGENIUM— NITROGEN. 

Symbol, N. ; Atomic weight, 14; Sp.gr. 0.97. 

Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gaseous element, 
discovered in 1722 by Rutherford, and found to be a constitu- 
ent of the atmosphere (of which it forms about four-fifths), by 



NITROGENIUM — NITROGEN. 635 

Lavoisier, in 1755. It is also called Azote. It is an essential 
part of nearly all animal matter, and enters largely into the 
composition of vegetable substances, and in the form of salts 
forms an important portion of alluvial soils. In the atmos- 
phere it serves the purpose of diluting the oxygen. In a free 
gaseous state its qualities are neutral and negative, but com- 
bined with other elements it forms very energetic compounds. 
With hydrogen only one combination is known — Ammonia, 
NH 3 — from which are derived a great number of valuable 
substances ; with carbon it forms Cyanogen, CN, the basis of 
a class of poisonous salts. Its combinations with oxygen are 
of the greatest importance, forming acids which unite with 
bases to produce Nitrites and Nitrates. It is also an essential 
constituent of all alkaloids, and many other principles of plants. 
Nitrogen is most readily obtained by boiling a solution of 
Nitrate of Ammonia and collecting the vapor, which consists 
of water and nitrogen gas. 

Oxides of Nitrogen. 

With Oxygen, Nitrogen forms 5 distinct compounds, which are as follows : 

2203. Nitrous Oxide or Laughing Gas — Monoxide of Nitrogen — N 2 0. 
— This is made by heating fused Nitrate of Ammonium, free from Chloride, 
in a glass retort, to about 200 C. (392 F.), and gradually increasing the heat 
as the decomposition proceeds. The salt is decomposed into water and 
nitrous oxide, the gas is washed by passing through warm water. This is 
the popular exhilarant known as Laughing Gas, or Hyponitrons Oxide, which 
is inhaled before drawing teeth or other minor surgical operations. 

2204. Nitric Oxide — Dentoxide or Binoxide of Nitrogen — NO.— This 
is most readily obtained by pouring Nitric Acid on copper shavings in a retort, 
effervescence ensues, and the arising gas, Nitric Oxide, is collected. 

2205. Nitrous Anhydride — Trioxide of Nitrogen — N 2 3 . — By heat- 
ing Starch in powder, 1 part with Nitric Acid, sp. gr. 1.25, 8 parts, in a retort, 
and ( ollecting the evolved gas, which must be passed through a long drying- 
tube containing Chloride of Calcium, etc., and then condensed by cold to a 
blue liquid. 

2206. Nitrogen Pentoxide or Nitric Anhydride — N 2 5 . — The process 
for making this substance is difficult and tedious. It is obtained in colorless 
crystals, which melt at 86°F., and boil at 1 i$°F. 

2207. Nitrogen Peroxide or Nitric Peroxide — N„0 4 . — This may be 
obtained by heating dried Nitrate of Lead in a retort and condensing the gas 



636 OLEA — OILS. 



which is evolved, by cold. In the absence of any moisture it crystallizes in 
clear transparent crystals, but if any moisture be present it forms a liquid. 

Nitrogen also combines with Chlorine and Iodine, forming explosive com- 
pounds, with Glycerin forming Nitro-Glycerin, with Benzol forming Nilro- 
Benzol, etc. 

Acids of Nitrogen. 

By absorbing or uniting with the elements of water, the two Anhydrides of 
Nitrogen form Acids as follows : 

2208. Nitrous Acid — HN0 2 . — This is a solution of Nitrous Anhydride, 
N 2 3 . in water. The commercial Nitrous Acid, which is usually dispensed 
for this is a reddish acid containing Nitric Acid with Nitrogen Tetroxide, 
N 2 4 . The fumes which arise when Nitric Acid is boiled are principally 
Nitrous Acid. Nitrous Acid combines with bases forming Nitrites, and is 
sometimes employed in medicine for external use chiefly. 

2209. Nitric Acid — HNO3. — This Acid is formed by the addition of the 
elements of water to Nitric Anhydride or Nitric Oxide, N 2 5 +H 2 0=(HN0 3 ) 2 . 
The U. S. P. describes it as a liquid compound of 69.4 per cent, of Absolute 
Nitric Acid and 30.6 per cent, of Water. This description corresponds to 
the C. P. or 43 Nitric Acid. Commercial Nitric Acid is known as 38 Acid, 
and contains more or less acids of lower oxidation. It is also known as aqua 

fortis, and is used to combine with bases forming Nitrates, and in medicine 
largely diluted as a tonic and astringent. (See page 62.) 

Nitric Acid is the commercial bases of the Nitrates, and is made by dis- 
tilling Nitrate of Sodium or Potassium with concentrated Sulphuric Acid. 

Fuming Nitric Acid, or Nitroso-Nitric Acid, is Nitric Acid containing a 
considerable amount of Hyponitric Acid. Commercial Nitrous Acid is a 
weak preparation of this composition. 

Aqua Regia is a mixture of 3 parts of Nitric Acid with 4 parts of Hydro- 
chloric Acid. It is a solvent for gold. 



OLEA — OILS. 



Under this heading is classed a great variety of substances 
ranging from liquids to solids, and obtained from the mineral, 
animal, and vegetable kingdoms. They are very properly 
divided pharmaceutically into Fixed Oils, which are obtained 
by expression from fatty bodies, and Volatile Oils, which are 
mainly obtained by distillation, and these again may be 
arranged in several groups according to their characteristics, 



OLEA — OILS. 637 



manner of making, etc. To these classes may be added the 
Mineral Oils, which, though not officially recognized, are con- 
siderably used in pharmacy, and many Mixed and Medicated 
Oils, which have their uses in the art. 



Fixed Oils. 

Fixed Oils are fatty bodies either liquid or solid, obtained, 
usually by expression, from vegetable or animal substances of 
a fatty nature. They differ from Volatile Oils by having a 
greasy feeling to the touch, while Volatile Oils do not, and by 
leaving a permanent oily spot on paper, while Volatile Oils do 
not. Volatile Oils are also vaporized by a degree of heat 
which will boil water, while the Fixed Oils remain unchanged. 

In the arts, the Fixed Oils, both of vegetable and animal 
origin, are extensively used for many industrial purposes, but 
in pharmacy no animal oils, except lard oil and cod liver oil, 
are officially recognized. 

The Fixed Oils and fats are, chemically, oxides of glyceryl 
or compound ethers, produced by the union of the fatty acids 
peculiar to each substance with glycerin (glyceric alcohol). 
They consist generally of the neutral principles, Oleiu, C 3 H 5 
(C 18 H 33 2 )3, which is liquid, combined with Pahnatin or 
Stcarin, which, when separate, are solids at ordinary tempera- 
tures, but when combined with Olein are soluble in it at ordinary 
temperatures, but are congealed at lower temperatures, making 
many of the Fixed Oils solid in winter and fluid in summer. 
Margarin is considered a mixture of Stearin with other like 
principles. These neutral principles may be decomposed into 
Glycerin and Oleic Acid, C 18 H 34 2 , Stearic Acid, C 18 H 30 O 2 , 
and Palmetic Acid, < ! 16 H 82 8 . 

Fixed Oils are obtained by pressing the fatty substances, 
either with or without the aid of heat, in strong layer presses, 
by which the oily liquids are separated from the more solid 
fatty matters, or from the solid constituents of seeds, etc. 
Some of the Fixed Oils (especially flaxseed oil) arc also 
obtained by solution in naphtha, which is afterwards evapo- 
rated, leaving the Fixed Oil. 



638 OLEA — OILS. 



The following are the Fixed Oils official in the U. S., Br., 
and German Pharmacopoeias : 

2210. Oleum Adipis— Lard Oil. — A Fixed Oil obtained by expression 
from lard at a low temperature. This is known on the market as summer- 
strained and winter-strained Lard Oil, the winter-strained being pressed at a 
much lower temperature and therefore remaining fluid at lower temperatures 
than the former. Lard Oil is used as a lubricant and in pharmacy for making 
citrine ointment, hair oil, etc. 

221 1. Oleum Amygdalae Expressum — Expressed Almond Oil. — A Fixed 
Oil expressed from sweet or bitter Almond. The Almonds are deprived of 
the colored powder adhering to them, by rubbing together, or are blanched, 
then ground in a mill and the meal enclosed in strong linen bags and pressed 
between warmed iron plates. The yield is 35 to 40 per cent. The sp. gr. 
0.915 to 0.920. Used for making rose-water ointment and whenever a fine 
bland Oil is required. 

2212. Oleum Cocos. G. P. — Coco-Nut Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
from the seed-kernels of Coca Nucifera, having a white color and the con- 
sistence of butter. This is considerably used as a lubricant and emollient. 
It has the odor of coconut. 

2213. Oleum Gossypii Seminis — Cotton Seed Oil, U. S. — A Fixed Oil 
expressed from the seed of Gossypium herbaceum and subsequently purified. 
The kernels of Cotton Seed are separated from their testa, ground, and the 
oil expressed by powerful pressure. It is then purified by treating and filter- 
ing, and put upon the market under various names, and for various purposes. 
The ordinary Cotton Seed Oil is largely used to adulterate Linseed Oil and 
Olive Oil, and is sold as cheap Paint Oil and Sweet Oil. The finer grades 
are known as Salad Oil, Union Salad Oil, etc. Although directed for making 
several liniments, etc., in the U. S. P., it has not proven very satisfactory. It 
is considerably used as a base for hair oil. 

2214. Oleum Lauri — Expressed Oil of Laurel, G. P. — An oil expressed 
from the fruit of Laurus Nobilis, of the consistence of lard, and consisting 
both of fixed and volatile oils. It is dark-green and aromatic. 

2215. Oleum Lini — Flaxseed Oil, Linseed Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
from flaxseed without the use of heat. This Oil is now mostly made by 
treating or percolating the ground flaxseed with naphtha, and then distilling 
off the naphtha, the Linseed Oil being left in the boiler of the still and subse- 
quently purified. Linseed Oil is extensively used for painting and other 
industrial purposes, and in pharmacy for making liniments, etc., and inter- 
nally as a laxative. 

2216. Oleum Morrhuse — Cod Liver Oil. — A Fixed Oil obtained from 
the fresh livers of Gadus Morrkua, or other species of Gadus. This Oil is 
prepared in the cod-fishing districts by heating the fresh livers in a wooden 



OLEA — OILS. 



tank by means of steam. The oils and other matters are drained off and 
separated by standing, and the Oil filtered, then cooled or frozen that it may 
deposit the heavier fats, then pressed in linen bags to obtain the pure light 
oil. Cod Liver Oil is extensively used in medicine, plain and combined in 
many ways. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. This is often 
prescribed by the name Oleum Jacoris Aselli, its German-Latin title. 

2217. Oleum Myristicae Expressum — Expressed Oil of Nutmeg. Br. 
— A concrete Oil obtained by means of expression and heat from Nutmeg. 
This is of the consistence of lard and is called Myristica Adeps, also Butter 
of Nutmeg. The German-Latin title is Oleum Nucistce. It is used as a 
vehicle for other medicines. 

2218. Oleum Olive — Olive Oil.- — A Fixed Oil expressed from the ripe 
fruit of Olea Europoea. This Oil has been extensively used in pharmacy in 
all countries, and is an important article of commerce. The finer grades, 
which are obtained from the first expression of choice fruit, are called Virgin 
Oil ; the cheaper grades are made after the Virgin Oil has been expressed by 
heating the cake with boiling water and strong expression. Imported Salad 
Oil is a fine quality of Olive Oil. In pharmacy it is used in liniments, plas- 
ters, and ointments, and for many other purposes. The color of Olive Oil is 
from a light straw to a greenish yellow. It sp. gr. is about 0.917. 

2219. Oleum Papaveris — Poppy Oil. G. P. — A Fixed Oil expressed 
from the seeds of Papaver somniferum. This is a very bland Oil, free 
from irritating qualities and albuminous matter. It is sometimes employed 
in medicine and is used for fine painting and to oil watches, etc. It is fre- 
quently sold as Watchmakers' Oil. 

2220. Oleum Rapae— Oil of Rape Seed. G. P.— A Fixed Oil obtained 
by expression from the seeds of the cultivated varieties of Brassica or Rape. 
This is a bland Oil, used for the same purposes as Oil of Cotton Seed or 
Mustard. 

2221. Oleum Ricini — Castor Oil. — A Fixed Oil expressed from the seed 
of Ricinus Communis. The seeds or beans of the Castor Oil plant are 
crushed and subjected to powerful pressure, and then purified by heating 
with water to remove albuminous matter. The clear Oil is then filtered and 
constitutes the cold-pressed Castor Oil of Commerce. An inferior quality is 
made by pressing the cake between heated plates. Castor Oil is a well- 
known cathartic in doses of a teaspoonful to a II. ounce. It is much more 
effective in the form of an emulsion. It mixes with alcohol in all proportions 
and is considerably used as a base for hair oil, mixed 2 parts of Oil with 
1 part of alcohol. 

2222. Oleum Sesami — Oil of Sesamum — Oil of Bcnntf. U. S. — A 
Fixed Oil expressed from the seeds of Sesamum Indicum. This is a bland, 
odorless Oil, similar to Oil of Almond or Olive Oil, and may be used for sim- 
ilar purposes. It is highly esteemed as a base for hair oil. 



640 OLEA — OILS. 

2223. Oleum Sinipis Expressum — Expressed Oil of Mustard. — A 
Fixed Oil obtained by expression from the seeds of Sinapis alba or nigra. 
This Oil very much resembles Cotton Seed Oil. It is made chiefly in Califor- 
nia, and is used as a base for hair oil and other similar purposes. 

2224. Oleum Theobromae — Oil of Theobroma, Butter of Cacao. — A 
Fixed Oil expressed from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao. This Oil resem- 
bles tallow, and is made by pressing the kernels or nibs of the chocolate nut 
between hot iron plates and running the Oil into moulds. It is used in phar- 
macy for making suppositories, for which it is best adapted of any substance 
having a low melting point (86° to 95 F.), and a firm consistence when cold. 
It is sometimes used in ointments, and is a favorite requisite for the toilet for 
rubbing over the face, hands, lips, etc. 

2225. Oleum Tiglii, U. S. Oleum Crotonis, Br. P. and G. P.— A Fixed 

Oil expressed from the seed of Croton Tiglium. This Oil is employed 
externally as a rubefacient and vesicant. Internally it is a powerful purgative 
in doses of 1 drop. It is sometimes combined in pills, but seldom given in 
any other form on account of its irritating effect. 

The following are official formulae for preparations contain- 
ing a Fixed Oil as a solvent of medicinal agents. For Oleum 
Sulphuratum, see page 186. 

2226. Oleum Cantharidatum — Cantharides Oil. G. P. — Cantharides 3 
parts, Oil of Rape Seed 10 parts. Digest for 10 hours on a steam-bath, 
express and filter. This is applied as a vesicant and rubefacient. 

2227. Oleum Hyoscyami —Hyoscyamus Liniment. G. P. — Hyoscyamus, 
cut, 4 parts, Alcohol 3 parts. Macerate for a few hours, then add Olive Oil 
40 parts, and digest on a steam-bath, stirring occasionally, until the Alcohol 
is evaporated. Finally, express and strain. This is used as a sedative sooth- 
ing application. Other medicated Oils prepared in a similar manner are 
classed as Olea Cocta. Either green or dried plants are used, and they 
may be prepared either with or without alcohol to aid in extracting the prop- 
erties of the drugs. Oil of Belladonna, Capsicum, Colocynth, Elder leaves, 
also called Green Oil or Oil of Swallows, Digitalis, Conium, etc., are made as 
above. 

2227. Oleum Phosphoratum — Phosphorated Oil. — The U. S. formula is : 
Phosphorus 1 part, Stronger Ether 9 parts, expressed Oil of Almond sufficient 
to make 100 parts. Introduce a sufficient quantity of the Almond Oil into a 
flask, heat it on a sand-bath to 250 C. (482 F.) and keep it at that tempera- 
ture for 1 5 minutes, then allow to cool and filter it. Put 90 parts of the fil- 
tered Oil together with the Phosphorus, previously well dried by blotting 
paper, into a dry bottle capable of holding somewhat more than 100 parts, 
insert the stopper and heat the bottle in a water-bath until the Phosphorus 
melts, agitate it until the Phosphorus is dissolved and allow it to cool, then 
add the Ether. 



OLEA — OILS. 641 



The Br. formula directs 16 grains of Phosphorus to be dissolved in 4 
fl. ounces of Oil of Almonds, in a similar manner, but Ether is not used. 

Phosphorated Oil contains 1 per cent, of Phosphorus, and is given in doses 
of 3 to 5 minims, usually in the form of an emulsion. 



Other Fixed Oils. 

Besides the official Fixed Oils which have been mentioned, 
quite a number which have no official recognition are used in 
pharmacy. The following are the most important: 

Animal Oils. 

2228. Oleum Animale ^Ethereum — Dippel's Animal Oil. — This was 
formerly official in the P. G. It is obtained by dry distillation from bones and 
animal substances, and is known as bone oil. It has a very fetid odor, which 
is removed by rectifying, the purified oil being used in smelling salts, etc. 

2229. Bear's Oil or Bears Grease. — This is obtained by "trying out" 
the internal fat of the bear. It resembles lard, and is much esteemed as a 
base for hair pomade, a popular article of this kind being known as " Ursina." 
Goose Oil, Hen's Oil, Rattlesnake Oil, Skunk Oil, and Woodchuck Oil, are 
all made in a similar manner, and are used in domestic medicine externally 
for swellings, rheumatism, etc., and sometimes internally for croup, etc. 

Angleworm Oil. — This may be made by putting a quantity of Angleworms 
in a bottle, covering them with Olive Oil and keeping them exposed to sun- 
shine for several days until a sediment has separated. The Oil is then 
decanted and filtered or strained. This may also be made by "trying out" 
the Oil by heat. It is a domestic remedy for rheumatism, stiff joints, etc. 

Lanolin is a fatty Oil obtained from the washings of wool, and now con- 
siderably used as an ointment base. It is more readily absorbed than other 
fats. It is also known by other names, as Oleum Lanae, Agnine, etc. 

2230. Neatsfoot Oil.— This is made by boiling the feet of cattle, deprived 
of their hoofs, in water and removing the Oil which rises to the surface, and 
after it has stood sometime in warm water straining it. This is used for 
softening leather, for stiff joints, etc., and in some liniments. 

2231. Sperm Oil.— This is obtained from cavities in the head of the Sperm 
and is the source of Spermaceti. Sperm Oil when purified is exten- 
sively used as a lubricating oil for tine machinery. It constitutes the best 

Machine Oil. It is best purified by heating to coagulate any albu- 
minous matter, then filtering, and then chilling with ire and pressing out in 
linen bags. 

2232. Whale Oil.— An Oil obtained by "trying out" the " blubber " of 
the Whale. It is chiefly used f< r. Many other Fish Oils 



642 OLEA — OILS. 



are used for similar purposes, as Menhaden Oil, Porpoise Oil, Seal Oil, 
Shark Oil, Walrus Oil, etc. Dugong Oil and Eulachon Oil have been 
proposed as substitutes for Cod Liver Oil, but are not used in this country. 

Vegetable Oils. 

2233. Nut Oils. — These are prepared, as a rule, by grinding- the kernel or 
' meat " of the nuts to a coarse meal and expressing- the Oil, either by cold 
expression or between heated iron plates. The Oils from nuts are generally 
bland and have an odor somewhat resembling the nuts from which they are 
obtained. 

Beech-Nut Oil, Brazil-Nut Oil. Ground-Nut Oil, Hazle-Nut Oil, Hickory- 
Nut Oil, Walnut Oil, Peach-Pit Oil, and other similar Oils are obtained in 
this manner. Coco-Nut Oil, Candle-Nut Oil, Bayberry Oil, and other solid 
Oils are obtained by boiling the nuts or fruit in water, expressing while hot, 
and collecting the oil when cold from the surface. 

2234. Oils from Seeds.— The Oils from seeds are prepared either by 
expression or by percolating the ground seeds with Naphtha, Ether, or some 
other solvent of the Oils and then evaporating the light substance by distilla- 
tion, leaving the Oil in the boiler of the still, the latter process being usually 
preferred as it insures a larger yield of the Oil at a less expense. The fol- 
lowing unofficial Oils are made in this manner : 

Oil of Cardamom, Oil of Melon Seed, 

Chaulmoogra, " Niker Seed, 

Cucumber Seed, " Pumpkin Seed, 

Ergot, " Stramonium Seed, 

Hemp, " Sunflower Seed, 

Hyoscyamus Seed, " Tonka. 
Larkspur Seed, 

2235. Oils from Fruit. — The Oils from fruit are usually obtained by 
making the fruit into a pulp and steeping in water, then pressing and collect- 
ing the Oil which rises to the surface, Palm Oil is the most used of any 
unofficial Oil of this kind, large quantities being consumed in the manufac- 
ture of soap. Mangosteen Oil, Behn Oil and Tucum Oil are sometimes 
used. 

Volatile Oils. 

Volatile Oils are obtained from plants mainly by the process 
of distillation. They consist generally of the odorous princi- 
ples of the plants from which they are obtained, and are there- 
fore called Essential Oils. The term Otto instead of Oil is 
used in perfumery to designate the Essential Oils, as being 
less liable to mislead when there are Fixed and Essential Oils 
from the same substance. 



OLEA — OILS. 643 

The Volatile Oils are divided chemically into several 
classes : 

Hydrocarbons or Terpenes, which consist of carbon and 
hydrogen (usually C 10 H 16 ), of which Oil of Turpentine is the 
type. 

Oxygenated Oils, which contain oxygen combined with the 
hydrocarbon radical, and of which Cinnamon Oil is an example. 

Sulphurated Oils, which contain Sulphur combined with a 
hydrocarbon radical, of which Volatile Oil of Mustard is an 
example. 

Nitrogenized Oils, which contain Hydrocyanic Acid, or Ni- 
trogen combined with a Hydrocarbon radical, of which Essen- 
tial Oil of Almond and its associates are all that are known. 

Many of the Volatile Oils which have chemically the same 
composition are entirely different in odor and other character- 
istics. For example, Oil of Turpentine, Oil of Orange, Oil of 
Lemon, and Oil of Bergamot, are all terpenes, having the 
chemical formula C 10 H 1G , their difference consisting only in 
the arrangement of the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms in the 
molecule. 

Volatile Oils consist generally of two parts, which volatilize 
or congeal at different temperatures, as would a mixture of 
alcohol and water. The lighter or more etherial portion may 
be separated by distillation at a moderate temperature, and is 
much more soluble than the heavier portion which remains 
behind. By congealing or freezing many of the Oils a solid 
matter is obtained, which is called Stearopten. This may be 
collected and separated from the Oil by pressure. 

The terpenes are designated by the termination <//,, as 
thymene and the stearoptens by the termination ol, as thymol. 

The methods employed for obtaining the Essential Oils of 
plants are such as experience has shown to be best suited to 
the nature of the substance from which the Oil is obtained and 

haracter of the product required. 

Distillation by Steam is the most approved method for 
Obtaining the Volatile Oils of most plants. It consists in 
forcing steam through the mass of green or partly dried plants 
contained in a suitable chamber with a perforated bottom to 



644 



properly distribute and admit the steam, and collecting the 
vapor which rises in a suitable condenser, and afterward sepa- 
rating the Oil from the surface of the water by means of 
woolen blankets, or by dipping off into a separating funnel. 

Distillation with Water. — Some Oils are volatilized at a tem- 
perature lower than that of boiling water, and may be obtained 
by heating in water to nearly its boiling point, and condensing 
the vapor which rises. Most of the Volatile Oils may be 
obtained by distilling the plants with water, but the yield is 
not so large as by steam distillation. In distilling many of the 
Oils with water, salt should be added to produce a higher de- 
gree of heat, and thereby more completely volatize the heavier 
portions of the Oil. Sufficient water should be added, as a 
rule, to cover or nearly cover the substances from which the 
Oil is to be distilled, and a false bottom or rack should be 
used to keep the plants from burning on the bottom of the 
boilers. 

Distillation from Substances. — Pitch, tar, resins, the balsams, 
gum-resins, and other substances are distilled without the aid 
of water or steam by simply heating them in the boiler and 
condensing the vapor which rises. Oil of Turpentine, Oil of 
Copaiba, and Oil of Tar, are examples of this class. Petroleum 
Oils are refined in this manner, and the volatile products of 
coal and other substances are made by dry or destructive 
distillation of the crude substances. 

Mechanical Means. — The Citrine Oils, Orange, Lemon, and 
Bergamot, are best obtained by pricking the rinds of the fruit 
and thus liberating the Oil contained in the oil cells. This is 
most conveniently done by means of the Ecuelle, which con- 
sists of a large number of sharp-pointed nails arranged in a 
shallow disc or cup. The fruit is rotated over these points, 
thereby rupturing the oil cells and liberating the Oil, which is 
collected in the ecuelle. These Oils, and also the Volatile 
Oils of some other fruits and seeds, are also obtained by grind- 
ing and expressing and subsequently separating the Oils from 
the other liquid matter. These Oils may also be obtained by 
distillation, but their flavor is thereby impaired. 

Other Methods. — The foregoing methods of obtaining the Essential Oils 
of plants are all that are generally employed, but some odorous principles of 



OLEA — OILS. 645 



substances are so volatile, or so prone to decomposition, that they cannot be 
obtained by the processes described. The fresh plants are therefore macer- 
ated in some bland Oil. as Almond Oil, or digested by the aid of gentle heat 
in the same, imparting to the bland Oil their odorous principles. These are 
known as Fatty Oils, as Fatty Oil of Jasmine. When digested in deodor- 
ized alcohol or cologne spirit in the same manner, or when the Oils thus per- 
fumed are digested with cologne spirit, the product is known as Spiritous Oil. 
The process of Enfleurage is also extensively employed for obtaining the 
odorous principles of delicate flowers. It consists of spreading fresh flowers 
on thin layers of purified lard or other fat and changing them as frequently 
as their odor has been absorbed for fresh flowers of the same kind. The 
products are called Flower Pomades, and are known as No. 24 or No. 30, 
according to the number of times the flowers have been changed. These 
pomades are used for making the Extracts or Extraits which are employed 
in perfumes, their spiritous solutions being sometimes called Spiritous Oils. 

The odors of flowers are sometimes obtained by percolating or macerating 
with Bisulphide of Carbon or Ether and afterward distilling the percolate, 
leaving the heavier odorous substances in the boiler. 



Official Volatile Oils. 

The following are the Volatile Oils official in the U. S., Br., 
and German Pharmacopoeias. They are but a small portion 
of the Essential Oils that are used, but are all that are used to 
any extent in medicine : 

2236. Oleum Amygdalae Amarae — Oil of Bitter Almond. — This is a 
nitrogenized Volatile Oil obtained from bitter Almond by moistening with 
water the cake left after expressing the Fixed Oil, and, after standing, distil- 
ling by means of steam. The substance obtained is Benzyl-Aldehyd, which 
is formed by the action of Emulsin on Amygdalin in the presence of water. 

Nitrobenzol (293) or Oil of Myrbane has been extensively manufactured 
as an artificial Oil of Bitter Almond, but only used for flavoring cheap soaps 
and coarse products, but now an artificial benzyl-aldehyd, which is identi- 
cal with Oil of Bitter Almond, is made by the action of chlorine upon toluol 
(C 7 H 8 ), the benzyl-chloride which is formed is distilled with nitrate of lead 
and water in an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas, and benzyl-aldehyd results. 

Uses. — This Oil is used chiefly as a flavoring. It is sedative and poison- 
ous except in very small quantities. The true Oil of Almonds usually con- 
tains hydrocyanic acid. 

2237. Oleum Anethi — Oil of Dill. Br.— An Oil distilled from dill fruit 
and used for flavoring. It contains a terpene Anethene, C 10 H 10 , having a 
lemon flavor and an oxygenated substance similar to carvol. 



646 OLEA — oils. 



2238. Oleum Anisi — Oil of Anise, — This Oil is distilled in Europe from 
Aniseseed, Pimpinella Anisum, the Russian Oil being most esteemed, and 
in China from star anise, fllz'cium Anisatum, the great majority of the com- 
mercial Oil being from the latter. It consists mainly of Anethol, C 10 H 12 O, 
of which one portion, Anise Camphor, congeals at ordinary temperature and 
is heavier than water, and the other, liquid Anethol, is lighter than water and 
remains liquid at a much lower temperature than the former. It also con- 
tains a small percentage of hydrocarbon C 10 H 16 . Anise is used as a flavor- 
ing, sedative, and carminative. The dose is 2 to 5 minims. 

2239. Oleum Anthemidis — Oil of Chamomile. Br. — This Oil is dis- 
om chamomile flowers, and has their characteristic odor. It is stimu- 
lant and antispasmodic. The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 

2240. Oleum Aurantii Corticis — Oil of Orange Peel. — Several varieties 
of orange yield a Volatile Oil from their peel, which is generally obtained by 
puncturing it with the ecuelle. The most common variety is obtained from 
the sweet orange and known as Oil of Orange or Oil of Sweet Orange. The 
common varieties of bitter orange yield an Oil of Bitter Orange, and a 
choice variety yields the Oil of Curacoa. These Oils have the same compo- 
sition as terpene, C 10 H 16 , and are prone to change when exposed to light 
and air, acquiring a terebinthine odor. These Oils are extensively used for 
flavoring and in making elixirs, colognes, etc. 

2241. Oleum Aurantii Florum — Oil of Orange Flowers, Oil of Neroli. 
— This is a Volatile Oil distilled from orange flowers, and consisting of a fra- 
grant terpene, C 10 H 16 . The choicest variety is distilled from the flowers of 
the sweet orange, and is known commercially as Oil of Neroli, Petale. The 
next best is obtained from the blossoms of the bitter orange, and known as 
Oil of Neroli, Bigarade, and an inferior kind is made from the leaves and 
unripe fruit, known as Oil of Neroli, Petit grain. 

Oil of Neroli is used for preparing orange flower water and in cologne and 
other perfumes. 

2242. Oleum Bergamii — Oil of Bergamot. — This Oil is prepared from 
the fresh rind of the fruit of citrus Bergamia in the same manner as Oil of 
Orange Peel previously described. It is, like it, a terpene, C 10 H 16 , and 
develops a terebinthine odor when exposed. It is used extensively in 
cologne and perfumery, and is a popular flavor for hair oils, etc. 

2243. Oleum Cajuputi — Oil of Cajuput. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
the leaves of Melaleuca Cajuputi. In composition it is a hydrate of the ter- 
pene Cajuputene, its formula being C 10 H 16 H 2 O. It is a warm aromatic, 
having an odor like camphor, and is used internally in cholera mixtures and 
externally in liniments. 

2244. Oleum Calami — Oil of Calamus. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
the rhizome of Acorns Calamus. It is a warm aromatic, possessing the odor 
and properties of the root. It is used for flavoring and as an addition to 
stomachics, etc. 



OLEA — OILS. 647 



2245. Oleum Cari, U. S., Oleum Carui, Br., Oleum Carvi, G. P. — 
OH of Caraway. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from Caraway, consisting of a 
terpene Carvine, C 10 H 16 . and Carvol, C 10 H 14 . In the market are found 
two kinds, Oil of Caraway Seed, and Oil of Caraway Chaff ; the former 
being much finer and more expensive than the latter, and should always be 
used for flavoring. It is an aromatic oil used for flavoring, and in making 
elixirs and some liquors, syrups, etc. 

2246. Oleum Carophylli — Oil of Cloves. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
Cloves, and consisting of a light oil or terpene, C 10 H in , and another heavier 
than water, called Eugenol, C t H 1 3 2 , in which the odor and taste of Cloves 
is concentrated. It is a warm aromatic, much used for toothache and neural- 
gic pain, and is given internally in painkillers, etc. 

2247. Oleum Chenopodii— Oil of Chenopodium, Oil of American Worm- 
seed. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from Chenopodium, and consisting of a terpine, 
C, „H, , ; . and an oxidized terpene, C 10 H 1G O. It is a peculiar very disagree- 
ably flavored Oil, used as an anthelmintic. Some of the popular Vermifuges 
are made chiefly of this oil, mixed with some bland oil and aromatics. The 
dose is 5 to 10 drops. 

2248. Oleum Cinnamomi — Oil of Cinnamon. — The U. S. P. recognizes 
two varieties of Cinnamon Oil, Oil of Ceylon Cinnamon and Oil of Chinese 
Cinnamon or Cassia. Their composition and properties are similar, both 
containing Cinnamic . lldehyd, C 9 H 8 0. When old this is converted by oxida- 
tion into Linniniic Acid, C 9 H 8 8 , and it may be still further oxidized by the 
addition of Nitric Acid yielding Benzyl Aldehyd l Oil of Bitter Almonds) and 
Benzoic Acid, C 7 H 6 O g . Oil of Cinnamon is extensively used as a flavoring, 
and in medicine as a quick stimulant. The dose is 1 or 2 drops. 

2249. Oleum Copaiba? — Oil of Copaiba. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
Copaiba, and consisting of Hydrocarbons C 10 H 16 andC 15 H 84 . It is used 
for the same purposes as Copaiba, but has no advantages over it. The dose 
is 10 to 1 5 drops. 

2250. Oleum Coriandri — Oil of Coriander. — A Volatile Oil, distilled 
from Coriander, and containing an oxygenated terpene, C 10 H 18 O. It is an 
agreeable aromatic, and is consi d in elixirs, syrups, and carmina- 
tive preparations. The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 

2251. Oleum Cubebae — Oil of Cubed.— A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
Cubeb, and consisting mainly of two oils, with different characteristics. It 
is a warm aromatic and stimulant, especially for the mucous membrane, and 
is much us.-d in medicines for Catarrh and bronchitis, and in catarrh of the 
bladder . 5 to 15 minims. 

2252. Oleum Erigerontis — Oil of Erigeron, Oil of Fleabane. — A 
Volatile Oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Erigeron Canadense, 
and consisting of a terpene and an oxygenated portion. It has a peculiar dis- 
agreeable odor, and is used in gonorrhoea and, in the form of an ointment or 
lotion, for piles, etc. 



648 OLEA — OILS. 



2253. Oleum Eucalypti— Oil of Eucalyptus. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
from the leaves of Eucalyptus Globulus. It consists chiefly of Eucalyptol, 
C 10 H 10 O, and is an aromatic stimulant, having a spicy taste. The dose is 5 
to 10 minims for bronchial troubles, catarrh, etc. 

2254. Oleum Fceniculi — Oil of Fennel. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
fennel and having much the same properties and composition as Oil of Anise. 
The dose is 1 to 5 minims. 

2255. Oleum Gaultheriae — Oil of Wintergreen. — A Volatile Oil, heavier 
than water, distilled from Gaultheria, and containing about 90 per cent, of 
Methyl Salicylate and 10 per cent, of the terpene Gaultherilene. A great 
portion of the Oil of Wintergreen found in the market is distilled from birch 
twigs. It is also prepared artificially from methyl alcohol and salicylic acid. 
A Gaultherio-Salicylic Acid is prepared from Oil of Wintergreen which is 
much different in appearance from the commercial salicylic acid prepared 
from phenol. 

Oil of Wintergreen is much used as a flavoring, which is also known as 
Chickerberry. 

2256. Oleum Hedoma? — Oil of Pennyroyal. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
from pennyroyal herb, similar in composition to the other mint Oils. It is 
used as a stimulant and flavoring and in mixtures for preventing the bite of 
flies, mosquitos, etc. It is given in doses of 1 to 3 minims. 

2257. Oleum Juniperi —Oil of Jioiiper.— The official Oil of Juniper 
should be distilled from the berries, and consists mainly of a turpene C 10 H 16 . 
It is used as a flavoring for some preparations and in medicine as a diuretic 
and a stimulant. The dose is from 5 to 1 5 drops. 

Oil of Juniper Wood has more of a terebinthene odor and is inferior. 

Empyreumatic Oil of Juniper or Oil of Cade is a tar-like liquid obtained 
from juniper by destructive distillation. It is frequently directed as Juniper 
Tar. 

2258. Oleum Lavenduhe — Oil of Lavender.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
from the flowering tops or whole herb of Lavendula Vera, and consisting of 
terpene and oxygenated compounds. A great difference exists in the Laven- 
der Oil found in the market, its fragrance varying with the part of the plant 
used, the Oil of Lavender flowers being the finest. It is much used in per- 
fumery and somewhat employed in medicine. 

The U. S. P. recognizes two Oils of Lavender, the Oil of Lavender as 
above described and the Oil of Lavender Flowers distilled from fresh Lav- 
ender (flowers). The Br. P. directs only the latter, the best quality of which 
is distilled from cultivated lavender, at Mitcham, England. 

2259. Oleum Limonis — Oil of Lemon. — A Volatile Oil obtained from 
fresh lemon peel, usually by means of the ecuelle, and consisting of a terpene 
Cio^i6- It i s extensively used as a flavoring and in cologne, etc. This Oil 
soon develops a terebinthine odor when exposed to the light and air. It, as 



OLEA — OILS. 649 

well as Oils of Orange and Bergamot, should be kept in a cool, dark place, 
closely stopped in full bottles or cans. They may be somewhat restored 
when changed by washing repeatedly with hot water in which a few grains of 
permanganate of potassium are dissolved. When freshly received, if practi- 
cable, these Oils should be put up in small bottles, full, and put away, or be 
mixed with one fourth their weight of Alcohol. 

Oleum Limettce or Oil of Limes is prepared from limes, and is similar to 
Oil of Lemon. It is used in flavoring confectionery, syrups, etc. 

2260. Oleum Macidis —Oil of Mace. G. P. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
from Mace, and having the same properties as Oil of Nutmeg, which see. 

2261. Oleum Menthae Piperitae— Oil of Peppermint. — A Volatile Oil 
distilled from peppermint, and consisting of a light hydrocarbon and Menthol, 
C 10 H 20 O, to which it owes its odor and properties. It is extensively used in 
medicine and for flavoring. The dose of the Oil is 1 to 3 drops. 

2262. Menthol — Peppermint Camphor. — C 16 H 20 O. A stearopten 
obtained from Peppermint Oil by chilling it with ice, separating the solid por- 
tion, pressing, purifying, and crystallizing. The variety of Menthol obtained 
from Mentha Arvensis is official in the Br. P. It is known as Japa?iese 
Menthol or Camphor, and is most esteemed. A Menthol is obtained from 
the ordinary Peppermint Oil, which is called Pip-Menthol, and is extensively 
used in this country. In the form of Afenlhol Cones Menthol has become a 
popular proprietary application for pain, neuralgia, etc. These cones are 
moulded and fastened into suitable holders of wood, horn or other substance. 

2263. Oleum Mentha? Viridis — Oil of Spearmint. — A Volatile Oil dis- 
tilled from spearmint and consisting of a terpene, C t H 1 6 , and an oxygen- 
ated portion, C 10 H 14 O, in which the characteristic odor resides. It is some- 
what used as a flavoring and a little used in medicine as a carminative and 
stimulant. The dose is 2 to 5 drops. 

2264. Oleum Myricae — Oil of Bay. — A Volatile Oil distilled from the 
leaves of Myrcia Acris and consisting of a terpene, C 10 H 16 , and Eugenob 
C 10 H 12 O 2 . It is chiefly used for making "Bay Rum," and in perfumery. 

2265. Oleum Myristicae — Oil of Nutmeg.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
from nutmeg, consisting of a terpene and oxygenated portion, which repre- 
sents the flavor of the nutmeg. It is used chiefly for flavoring and in some 
elixirs, etc. Oil of Mace is similar. 

2266. Oleum Picis Liquidae — Oil of Tar.— A Volatile Oil distilled from 
tar, containing a variety of constituents. It is preferable for many medicinal 
purposes to tar and is used in making several official syrups, etc., and in 
cough remedies. The dose is 1 to 3 minims in emulsion or syrup. An Oil 
of Birch Tar is made from birch tar by distillation. 

2267. Oleum Pimentae— Oil of Pimento. — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
Pimento and containing a terpene and eugenol. It is similar in characteris- 
tics to Oil of Cloves, and is considerably used in flavoring. 



650 OLEA — OILS. 



2268. Oleum Pini Sylvestris— Fir- Wood Oil. Br.— An Oil distilled 
from the fresh leaves of Pinus Sylvestris, having the characteristic odor of 
pine leaves and consisting mainly of terpenes. It may be used in making 
cough preparations, etc. 

2269. Oleum Rosse — Oil of Rose. — Also called Otto of Rose, and Attar 
of Rose. A Volatile Oil distilled from the fresh flowers of Rosa Damascene. 
This ( )il consists of a liquid portion and a stearopten and is solid or semi- 
solid at ordinary temperatures. The best Otto of Rose is obtained from 
Turkey, Kizanlic being the chief collecting centre. Oil of Rose is used in 
pharmacy for many purposes and extensively employed in perfumes. 

2270. Oleum Rosmarini — < il of Rosemary.— A Volatile Oil distilled 
from rosemary and containing terpene and Oxygenated compounds. It is 
stimulant and aromatic and is used to some extent in pharmacy and medicine. 

2271. Oleum Rutae — Oil of Rue.— A Volatile Oil distilled from Ruta 
Graveolens, the most soluble in water of all the official Oils. It is given for 
colic, female disorders, etc., in doses of 2 to 5 minims. 

2272. Oleum Sabinae— ' il of Savin — A Volatile Oil distilled from 
Savine. It is a terpene and has the same general properties as Savine, acting 
as a stimulant to the organs of generation. It is sometimes given as an 
abortive. 

2273. Oleum Santali — ( HI of Santa/.— A Volatile Oil distilled from 
santal wood, and consisting of oxygenated compounds. It is similar in its 
action to copaiba and is used as a stimulant for the mucous membrane, for 
gonorrhoea, and catarrhal conditions. It is also used in perfumery to give 
permanence to odors. The dose is from 5 to 15 minims. 

2274. Oleum Sassafras— Oil of Sassafras. — A Volatile Oil distilled 
from the bark of sassafras root and consisting of a terpene, Safrene, C 10 H, 6 , 
and an oxygenated portion, Safrol, C 10 H 10 O 2 , which constitutes about 90 
per cent, of the Oil. This Oil is an agreeable aromatic, largely used in lini- 
ments and pain-killers, also as a flavoring. When compounded with winter- 
green and anise it makes the sarsaparilla flavoring so much used. The dose 
of Oil of Sassafras is 2 to 10 minims. 

2275. Oleum Sinapis Volatile— Volatile Oil of Mustard. — A Volatile 
Oil distilled from black mustard, after the expression of the Fixed Oil, and 
maceration with water. This is a sulphurated Oil, known chemically as Sul- 
plioeyanide of Allyl. (Seepage 134.) It is heavier than water and has a 
very pungent, acrid odor. Mixed with alcohol or oils in liniment it is used as 
a counter-irritant and rubefacient. 

2276. Oleum Succini — oil of Amber. — A Volatile Oil, obtained by the 
destructive distillation of Amber and subsequently purified by rectification. 
This is called Rectified Oil of Amber, the unpurified oil being the crude. It 
is considerably used in liniments as an irritant and stimulant, and has the 
same composition as Oil of Turpentine. 



OLEA — OILS. 651 



2277. Oleum Terebinthinae — Oil of Turpentine. — A Volatile Oil, dis- 
tilled from Turpentine, and having the composition C 10 H ie . It is a type of 
the terpenes. It is familiarly known as " Turpentine " or " Spirits of Turpen- 
tine," and is extensively used in the arts and in medicine. It is an ingredient 
of most of the proprietary liniments, and is a valuable stimulant and rube- 
facient. It is also given internally in various forms in doses of 2 to 10 
minims. It is much employed as a solvent for resins, etc. 

Terebene is a light hydrocarbon obtained from Oil of Turpentine, by mix- 
ing it with one-twentieth of its weight of Sulphuric Acid, and distilling over 
at 160' F. It is used for coughs, etc. 

An Oil is distilled from Strasslu/rg Turpentine and also from Venice 
Turpentine. 

22J&. Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatus — Rectified Oil of Turpentine, 
G. P.— This is the ordinary Oil of Turpentine, rectified by shaking with 6 times 
its weight of lime-water, and then distilling about three-fourths of the Oil of 
Turpentine which was used. It is employed in medicine for the same pur- 
poses as Oil of Turpentine. 

2279. Oleum Thymi — Oil of Thyme. — A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
Thymus Vulgaris, and commercially known as Oil of Or igan inn. It is com- 
posed of Cymene, C 10 H 14 , Thymene, C 10 H g6 , and thymol, C, H 14 O, a 
stearopten, which crystallizes. This Oil is extensively used in liniments as 
a stimulant and rubefacient. As found in the market, it is adulterated with 
Oil of Turpentine or other dilutents. Red Oil of Thyme is known as Pure 
Origanum Oil, and White Oil of Thyme is used in perfumery. 

2280. Thymol — C 10 H 18 HO. — A stearopten obtained from various spe- 
cies of Oil of Thyme by saponifying with Caustic Soda, separating the 
saponaceous substance and decomposing with Hydrochloric Acid, washing 

talline mass with Water, dissolving it in hot Alcohol, and recrystalliz- 
ing. It is used as an antiseptic, and also for neuralgia, toothache, etc. 

2281. Oleum Valerianae — Oil of Valerian.— A Volatile Oil, distilled from 
Valerian, consisting of a terpene and an oxygenated compound, having the 
characteristic odor and taste of Valerian. It is employed for making Valeri- 
anic Acid, and is sometimes used in medicine. 



Unofficial Volatile Oils. 

The foregoing official Volatile Oils embrace the greater part of those used 
in pharmacy, bui several that are not recognized Nylin- pharmacopoeias are 

considerably used, and, as nearly all odorous plants yield Volatile < »ils in 
SOme lorm.it is obvious that the list of such Oils must be very large, and 
only the more important ones can be mentioned here. The methods employed 
for obtaining them have been previously mentioned. 



652 



OLEA — OILS. 



UNOFFICIAL VOLATILE OILS. 



Commercial Name. 



2285 
22S6 
2287! 
2288 

2289 
2291. j 
2291 
2292; 
2293; 
2294 

2295 

2296 

2297 

2298 

2299 
2300 

2301 
2302 
2303 

2 3°4 
2305 
2306; 
2307 j 
2308! 
2309: 

2T.IO 
23.. 
2312 
2 3I3 
2314 
23I.S1 
2316 
2317 
2 3 l8| 

2319 
2320 
2321; 
2322! 
2323 
2324 
2325! 
2326 
2327 
232S 
2329 
2330 
2331 
2332 
2333 
2334 
2335 
2336 

2 337 
233S 
2 339 
2340 
2341 
2342 

2343 
2 344 
2345 
2346 



Oil of Angelica 

Angustura 

Arnica 

Asafelida 

Balm Mint , 

Balsam Fir , 

Birch 

Birch Tar 

Buchu 

Burgundy Pitch , 

Camphor 

Canada Snake Root. . , 

Canella 

Capsicum 

Cardamom 

Carrot , 

Cascarilla 

Catmint 

Cedar 

Cedarwood , 

Cedrat 

Celery 

Cherry Laurel 

Citronella 

Cognac , 

Coto 

Cress 

Cumin 

Cuscus 

Cyna 

Dahlia: 

Elder 

Elemi 

Feverfew 

Galangal 

Garlic 

Geranium Rose 

Ginger 

Ginger Grass 

Golden Rod 

Gurjun Balsam 

Hedge Garlic 

Heliotrope 

Hemlock 

Hops 

Hoarhound 

• Horsemint 

Horseradish 

Hungarian Turpentine 

Hyssop 

Indian Cannabis 

Inula 

Jaborandi 

Lemon Grass 

Limette or Limes 

Lilac 

Lily of the Valley 

Linden 

Lobelia 

Lovage 

Marjoram 

Marrubium 



Distilled From. 



Angelica, varieties 

Angustura 

Arnica Montana 

Asafetida 

Melissa or Balm 

Canada Turpentine 

Betula 

Betula 

Buchu 

Abies Excelsa 

Camphora Officinarum. . . 

Asarum Canadense 

Canella Alba 

Capsicum 

Elettaria Cardamomum. . . 

Daucus Carota 

Croton Eluteria 

Nepeta Cataria 

Juniperus Yirginiana 

Juniperus Virginiana 

Citrus Medica 

Apium Graveolens 

Laurocerasus 

Andropogon Scha?nanthus 

Fermented Grapes 

Coto 

Lepidium Sativum 

Cuminum Cyminum 

Vitivert 

Artemisia Martima 

Dahlia Pinnata 

Sambucus, varieties 

Canarium Commune 

Pyrethrum Parthenium. . . 

Alpinia Officinarum 

Allium Sativum 

Pelargonium odoratissima 

Zingiber Officinale 

Andropogon Schuenanthus 

Sodidago Odora 

Dipterocarpus 

Alliaria Officinalis 

Heliotropium 

Abies Canadensis 

Humulus Lupulus 

Marrubium Vulgare 

Monarda Punctata 

Cochlearia Armoracia. .. 

Pinus Pumilio 

Hyssopus Officinalis 

Cannabis Sativa 

Inula Helenium 

Pilocarpus Pennatifolius. . 

Andropogon Citratis 

Citrus Limetta 

Syringa Vulgaris 

Convallaria Majalis 

Tilia 

Lobelia Inflata 

Levisticum Officinal 

Origanum Marjorana 

Marrubium Vulgare 



Root or seed . . . 

Bark 

Flowers 

Gum-resin 

Leaves and tops 

Oleo-resin 

Young twigs. . . 

The tar 

Leaves 

Prepared pitch. 
Crude camphor 

Root 

Bark 

Fruit (pods) 

Fruit (seed) 

Fruit (seed) .... 

Bark 

Flowering tops. 

Leaves 

Wood 

Fruit rind 

Fruit (seed) 

Leaves 

Leaves 

Wine 

Bark 

The seeds 

Fruit (seed) .... 

Rhizome 

Flowering tops. 

Tubers 

Flowers 

Gum-resin 

Plant 

Rhizome 

Bulb 

Leaves 

Rhizome 

Flowers 

Leaves and tops 

Oleo-resin 

Bulb 

Flowers 

Leaves 

Strobiles 

Leaves and tops 
Leaves and tops 

Root 

Oleo-resin 

Herb 

Flowering tops. 

Root 

Leaflets 

The plant 

Fruit rind 

Flowers 

Flowers 

Flowers 

Herb 

Root 

Flowering plant 
Flowers 



Chief 
Composition. 



Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Sulphurated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Nitrogenat'd 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Sulphurated. 

Hydrocarb'n 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Sulphurated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Sulphurated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Terpene. 

Terpene. 

Terpene. 

Sulphurated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene, 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 



OLEA — OILS. 



653 



UNOFFICIAL VOLATILE OILS — Continued. 



Commercial Name. 



2347 
2348 
2349 
2350 
2351 
2352 
2353 
2354 
2355 
2356 
2357 
2358 
2359 
2360 
2361 
2362 
2363 
2364 
236S 
2366 
2367 



Oil of Marsh Tea 

Masterwort 

Matricaria 

Matico 

Melissa 

Mountain Balm 

Myrrh 

Olibanum 

Parsley 

Patchouly 

Phellandrium 

Rhodium 

Sage 

Saffron 

Sagapanum 

Serpentaria 

Spruce or Hemlock. . 

Spike Lavender 

Smartweed 

Stillingia 

Sweet Basil 

Sweet Cicily 

S%veet Marjoram 

Sweet Violet 

Summer Savory .... 

Tansy 

Tea 

Thuja 

Tobacco 

Verbena (Lemon Grass) 

Water Plantain 

Wild Ginger 

Wormwood 

Yarrow. 

Ylang Ylang, 

Zedoary 



Distilled From. 



Ledum Palustra 

Heracleum Lantanum . . . . j 
Matricaria Chamomile. 

Artanthe Elongata j 

Melissa Officinalis I 

Eriodictyon Californica. . . 
Balsamodendron Myrrha. . 

Boswellia Carterii 

Petroselinum Saturni 

Pogostemon Patchouly 
GEnanthe Phellandrum. . . 
Convulvulus Scoparius . . . j 

Salvia Officinalis 

Crocus Sativum 

Ferula Persica 

Aristolochia Serpent 

Abies Canadense 

Lavandula Spica 

Pologonium Punctatum. . 

Stillingia Sylvatica 

Ocynum Basilicum 

Osmorhiza Longistylus. . 

Origanum Marjorina 

Viola Odorata , 

Satureja Hortensis 

Tanacetum Vulgare . . . 

Thea Chinensis 

Thuya Occidentalis 

Nicotiana Tabacum . . . 
Andropogon Citratis... 

Alisma Plantigo 

Asarum Canadense 

Artemisia Absinthium . 

Achillea 

Onona Odoratissima . . 
Curcuma Zedoaria .... 



Leaves 

Leaves 

Flowers .... 

Leaves 

Leaves and tops 

Leaves 

Gum-resin. . 
Gum-resin . . 
Fruit, seed . . 
Flowers .... 
Fruit, seed. . 

Root 

Leaves 

Flowers .... 

Plant 

Roots 

Leaves 

Herb 

Herb 

Root 

Herb 

Herb 

Herb 

Flowers 

Herb 

Leaves ... . 

Leaves 

Twigs 

Leaves 

Flowering herb 

Plant 

Rhizome. . . . 
Leaves and t 

Plant 

Flowers .... 
Rhizome 



Chief 
Composition. 



Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Sulphurated. 

Oxygenated. 

Terpene. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 

Oxygenated. 



Mixed Oils. 



i rider this heading arc included such preparations of Oils as cannot wel 
rifled elsewhere, but for which there is a demand and use: 



2383. Acoustic Oil.- Oiloi 
Mix. I teed for deafness, etc. 



Almonds 6 parts. Oil of Turpentine 1 part. 



2384. British Oil.— Oil of Origanum 1 drachm, Oilof Rosemary t drachm, 
Barbadoes Tar 2 fl .ounces, Oil of Turpentine 5 flounces. Mix them. Used 

as an application am n ally. 

2385. Haarlem Oil. — Oilof Amber, crude, 1 .'_• drachm, Crude Petroleum 
1 drachm, Sulphurated Oil, Balsam of Sulphur (276), 3 drachms, Linseed Oil 
4 drachms, Oil of Turpentine 1 ounce. Mix them. This celebrated Oil is 

ernally and internally for everything. 



654 OLEA — OILS. 



2386. Oil of Spike. — The Oil of Spike which is usually sold and dispensed 
for liniments is a mixture composed of Barbadoes Tar and Oil of Turpentine, 
the proportions varying somewhat as made by different houses. Oil of Tur- 
pentine 3 pints, Barbadoes Tar 1 pint, makes about the average mixture. 
This Mixed Oil should not be confounded with the Oil distilled from Laven- 
dula Spun, which is sold as Oil of Origanum. 

2387. Oil of Rhodium, factitious.— The true Oil of Rhodium is distilled 
from Rhodium Wood, but what appears in the market is generally made by 
mixing Otto of Rose with Oil of Santal Wood or Balsam of Copaiba, about 
1 part of the former to 20 of the latter. It is considerably sold as a scent for 
hunting bees, and is used in perfumes. 

2388. Oil of Ambergris and Oil of Musk are made by digesting 2 
drachms of Ambergris or Musk for some time in 20 fl. ounces of Purified Al- 
mond Oil. 

2389. Oil of Benzoin and Oil of Styrax, and other Oils of gums, balsams 
or resins, are made by digesting 1 ounce of the substance with a pint of Puri- 
tH d ( )il, either Almond, Benne or Olive. 

2390. Fatty Oils. — Oil of Jasmine, Hyacinth, Jonquil, Tuberose, Violet 
and many other delicate, flowers, may be made by digesting the fresh Mowers 
with the purified oil, and changing the flowers several times for fresh ones, 
until the Oil is highly perfumed with the odors of the flowers. 



Mineral Oils. 

The name " Mineral Oils " is intended to apply to the Hydrocarbons Oils, 
which are obtained from the distillation of coal and the oils obtained from the 
earth by drilling or otherwise. The Mineral Oil formerly used for illumina- 
ting, and obtained by distillation from coal and other bituminous substances 
was known as Coal Oil or Kerosene, but the discovery of Petroleum Oil 
revolutionized that industry, and our illuminating oils are now almost entirely 
obtained by distillation from Crude Petroleum, which is obtained from oil 
wells in various parts of the world. The Illuminating Oil is obtained by 
fractional distillation, and is familiarly known as Carbon Oil. The crude oil 
is used in liniments and as an application for rheumatism, etc. 

Lubrieatijig Oils are also made from the heavier portions of Petroleum, 
and are frequently mixed with Animal or Vegetable Oils. 

Paraffin Oils are obtained from Petroleum after the distillation of the illu- 
minating oil by pressing the solid parafnnes obtained from the residue. They 
are used extensively for lubricating, and, when purified, for various pharma- 
ceutical purposes, making a good body for an oil liniment, for hair oil, etc. 

Seneka Oil.— This is a variety of Crude Petroleum Oil which was form- 
erly obtained from the surface of some streams by the Seneka Indians, who 
absorbed it with woolen blankets and then obtained it by wringing them 



OLEATA — OLEATES. 655 

out. Crude Petroleum Oil, which has stood exposed in shallow vessels for 
some time, is very similar to it, and is now used altogether when Seneka Oil is 
required. 

Rock Oil and Oil of Stone are very similar, and Old Crude Petroleum is 
altogether sold for them now. 

Barbadoes Tar is a thick Petroleum, resembling thin tar, exuding from 
the earth, and obtained from Barbadoes and other countries. Its properties 
are similar to other heavy Petroleums. It is used as an application for rheu- 
matism, and in liniments, etc. 



OLEATA — OLEATES. 

Oleates are liquid, semi-solid, or solid preparations, made 
by combining basic substances with oleic acid. The official 
oleates, of which there are but two only, are liquid ; but the 
name Oleate is used in pharmacy to designate a salt, which 
may be cither liquid or solid, produced by the combination of 
oleic acid with metals or alkaloids. 

The Oleates are employed in medicine as a means of apply- 
ing medicinal agents, as they are thought to be more readily 
absorbed than ointments. The following are official in the 
U. S.: 

2391. Acidum Oleicum. 

Oleic Acid. 

HC 18 H 3 3°2- 

Oleic Acid, which is the acid basis of the ( )leates, is obtained 
from fats "'p. Crude Oleic Acid is called "Red Oil," the 
refined is a light amber color. This Acid combines with me- 
tallic bases and alkaloids in the same manner as other acids 
forming the salts called Oleates. The liquid Oleates, which 
are used as applications, contain Oleic Acid in large excess, 
but the solid and dry Oleates which have been precipitated 
from solutions of metals by soluble Oleates are satisfied chem- 
ical combinations. The)- ma)- be mixed with Oleic Acid to 

form liquid < )leates. 



656 OLEATA — OLEATES. 



2392. Oleatum Hydrargyri, U. S. 

Oleate of Mercury. 

Yellow Oxide of Mercury, thor- 
oughly dried, 1 part or 60 grains. 

Oleic Acid, 9 parts or 540 grains. 

Heat the Oleic Acid contained in a porcelain vessel to near 
74°C. (165. 2°F.), taking care not to exceed that temperature; 
gradually add the Oxide of Mercury, and stir until dissolved. 

This Oleate contains 10 per cent, of the Oxide of Mercury. 
Oleate of Mercury may also be made containing 5 per cent., 
15 per cent, or 20 per cent, of Mercury, the two latter being 
of the consistence of ointment, and keeping better than the 
former. A Precipitated Oleate of Mercury is also prepared, 
see 2409. 

Uses. — This Oleate is used as an alterative and absorbent, 
the same as Mercury Ointment. 

2 393- Oleatum Veratrinae. U. S. 

Oleate of Veratrine. 

Veratrine, 2 parts or 10 grains. 

Oleic Acid 98 parts or 490 grains. 

Rub the Veratrine with a small quantity of the Oleic Acid 
in a warm mortar to a smooth paste, add this to the remainder 
of the Oleic Acid, heated in a porcelain capsule on a water- 
bath, and stir until it is dissolved. 

This Oleate contains 2 per cent, of Veratrine. It may 
also be made 5 or 10 per cent., or other strengths, as may be 
desired. 

Uses. — This is employed externally for neuralgia, rheumatic 
pain. etc. 

Oleates of the Alkaloids. 

Oleates may be made from any of the Alkaloids by dissolving them in an 
excess of Oleic Acid. It should be remembered that salts of the Alkaloids 
are not soluble in Oleic Acid. Only a few Oleates of the Alkaloids are 



OLEATA — OLEATES. 657 



used, being intended only for external application. The following are those 
known in pharmacy. 

2394. Oleate of Aconitine. — This is usually made of 2 per cent, strength. 
Aconitine 10 grains, Oleic Acid 490 grains, in the same manner as Oleate of 
Veratrine. Other strengths may also be made. This is applied for neural- 
gia, etc. 

2395. Oleate of Atropine. — This is usually made 2 per cent, strength of 
the Alkaloid Atropine, in the same manner as Oleate of Veratrine. It is a 
valuable mydriatic, and is used in opthalmic practice. 

2396. Oleate of Cocaine. — This is usually made 2 per cent, strength of 
the Alkaloid Cocaine, in the same manner as Oleate of Veratrine. A 4 per 
cent, strength is also used. Used as a local anassthestic and anodyne. 

2397. Oleate of Morphine. — This Oleate is made of 2 per cent:, 5 per 
cent, and 10 per cent, strength of the Alkaloid Morphine, according to the 
uses desired, in the same manner as is directed for Oleate of Veratrine. It 
is used as an anodyne. 

2398. Oleate of Quinine. — This Oleate is made 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 per 
cent, strength of the Alkaloid Quinine, according to the uses desired. 

2399. Oleate of Strychnine.— This Oleate is usually made 2 per cent, of 
the Alkaloid Strychnine, but may be made of other strengths if desired. 

Oleates of other Alkaloids may be made in the same general manner as 
the foregoing. 



Oleates of the Metals. 

The most familiar example of an Oleate of a metallic substance is Castile 
Soap or Oleate of Sodium. With solutions made of Castile Soap or of 
Oleate of Potassium, Oleates of other metals may be precipitated from solu- 
tions of their salts with these solutions. Mr. Henry B. Parsons, in the Drug- 
gists' Circular, proposed the following solutions for this purpose, which can- 
not be bettered, and the formula- which follow are mostly adapted from the 
same author : 

2400. Solution of Sodium Oleate.— To 1 pound av. of best powdered 
Castile Soap add about one half gallon of distilled Water and stir well until 
an even and transparent mixture results. Then add more Water and heat 
until dissolved, making the finished, cooled, and slightly turbid solution meas- 
ure [6 pints. Each pint of the solution contains 1 ounce of the Powdered 
Soap, which may for all purposes be considered as Sodium Oleate. 

2401. Solution of Potassium Oleate.— To 1 gallon of boiling distilled 
Water add gradually in small portions 5 ounces av. of Bicarbonate of Potas- 
sium. When effervescense has ceased and the Bicarbonate has all been 



658 OLEATA — OLEATES. 



transformed into normal Carbonate, add 14 ounces av. of purified Oleic 
Acid, continue a gentle heat with stirring and addition of Water, if neces- 
sary, until saponification is complete ; cool and dilute to 16 pints. Each pint 
of the solution contains 1 ounce av. of Potassium Oleate. 

2402. Aluminium Oleate — A1 2 (C 18 H 3 30 2 ) 6 . — Potash Alum 240 grains is 
dissolved in distilled Water 2 pints, and to the solution is slowly added 1 pint 
of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Warm the mixture until the Oleate separates, 
then draw off the liquid and wash the Oleate twice with 2 pints of warm 
distilled Water, then cool and separate the Water from the soft white Oleate. 

2403. Arsenious Oleate — As(Cj 8 H 33 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 48 grains of lump 
Arsenious Acid in 1 pint of boiling Water by the aid of an equal weight (48 
grains) of Bicarbonate of Potassium. To the cooled solution add 220 
grains of Hydrochloric Acid, sp. gr. 1. 16, or an equivalent amount of weaker 
Acid. This produces Arsenious Chloride in solution. Dilute this solution 
with 2 pints of distilled Water and slowly add to it 1 pint of Solution of 
Sodium Oleate, then warm the mixture until the Oleate separates, draw off 
the aqueous liquid and wash twice with boiling distilled Water. This Oleate 
has a yellowish color and the consistence of butter. 

2404. Bismuth Oleate — Bi(C 18 H 33 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 280 grains Nitrate 
of Bismuth (tris nitrate 312) in 4 ounces av. of Glycerin, adding the Glycerin 
all at once to the powdered salt. Dilute 1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate 
with 2 pints of distilled Water and slowly add it to the Solution of Bismuth. 
Warm the mixture, pour off the aqueous layer and wash twice with warm 
distilled Water. This Oleate is of a cream color and has nearly the consist- 
ence of an ointment. 

2405. Copper Oleate — Cu(C 18 H 36 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 180 grains of crystal- 
lized Sulphate of Copper in 2 pints of distilled water, and add slowly 1 pint 
of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Heat the mixture to separate the Oleate, pour 
off the water, wash twice with warm distilled water as for making other 
Oleates. This is a dark-green, waxy Oleate. 

2406. Iron Oleate. — Fe 2 (C 18 H 33 2 ) 6 . — Dilute 350 grains of Solution 
Tersulphate of Iron with 2 pints warm distilled water, and gradually add 1 
pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Wash and separate the Oleate as directed. 
This is a dark-red, soft-solid Oleate. 

2407. Lead Oleate. — Pb(C 18 H 33 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 280 grains of Purified 
Acetate of Lead in 2 pints of distilled water, and gradually add to the solution 
1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate. Boil the mixture, filter, reject the 
filtrate, and wash the precipitate twice with boiling distilled water. This is a 
white hard brittle Oleate. 

2408. Maganese Oleate. — Dissolve 1 ounce av. of Sulphate of Manga- 
nese in 2 pints of warm water, and add to the solution 1 pint of Solution of 
Sodium Oleate, boil the mixture to separate the Oleate, and wash twice with 
distilled water. This Oleate is of a light-gray, pinkish color. 



OLEATA — OLEATES. 659 

2409. Mercuric Oleate, Precipitated. — This is a true chemical Oleate 
of Mercury as distinguished from the U. S. P. Oleate of Mercury, which is 
simply a solution of Oxide of Mercury in excess of Oleic Acid. To 150 
grains of Yellow Oxide of Mercury in a small evaporating dish add 130 
grains of C. P. Nitric Acid. Then add 2 flounces of Distilled Water and 
heat until the salt is dissolved, adding, if necessary to complete the solution, 
a few more drops of the Acid, but as little as possible for the purpose. 
Dilute the Solution thus prepared with 2 pints of Distilled Water, and add 1 
pint of Solution of Potassium Oleate warm, and wash the separated Oleate 
with warm water as directed. This is a reddish-yellow, soft-solid Oleate, 
which may be diluted with Oleic Acid as desired. To make the 5 per cent. 
Mercuric Oleate, mix 125 grains with 375 grains of Oleic Acid. The 10 per 
cent., the same as the official, is made with 250 grains each of the Oleate and 
Oleic Acid. The 20 per cent, is made with 400 grains of the Precipitate 
Oleate warmed with 168 grains of Oleic Acid. 

2410. Mercuric Oleate with Morphine. — This may be made by combin- 
ing 2 per cent, of Morphine (Alkaloid) with a 5 per cent. Mercuric Oleate 
(2409) by the aid of gentle heat. A larger proportion of Morphine may be 
added if desired, or Morphine may be combined with a stronger Mercuric 
Oleate, 20 per cent. Oleate and 5 per cent. Morphine being a standard 
strength. 

2411. Nickel Oleate. — Dissolve 1 ounce of Sulphate of Nickel in 2 pints 
of warm water, and add gradually 1 pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate, 
heating to separate the Oleate and washing as directed, with boiling distilled 
water. This is a green, waxy Oleate. 

2412. Silver Oleate — Ag(C 18 H 83 2 ) 3 . — Dissolve 245 grains of crystal- 
lized Nitrate of Silver in 2 pints of cold distilled water, and add very slowly, 
with constant stirring, one pint of Solution of Sodium Oleate, drain and 
wash several times with water. This Oleate should be prepared in a dark- 
ened room, as it is changed by exposure to light. It is white, dry and gran- 
ular if properly prepared. It may be combined with Oleic Acid in any 
proportion to make a liquid Oleate of Silver. 

2413. Tin Oleate. — This Oleate is made by adding a Solution of Chloride 
of Tin to the Solution of Oleate of Sodium, heating and washing the precipi- 
tate. It is of a grayish-yellow color and soft consistence. 

2414. Zinc Oleate, in powder. — Zn(C 18 H., 3 2 ) 2 . — Dissolve 180 grains 
of well-crystallized Acetate of Zinc in 2 pints of cold water, and add grad- 
ually, with rapid stirring, 1 pint Solution Oleate of Sodium. Drain on a 
wetted muslin strainer, wash several times with cold distilled water, and dry 
by exposure to air without heat. This Oleate is a soft white powder, having 
a soapy feel. 

Liquid Zinc Oleate. — By adding this powdered Oleate to Oleic Acid in 
the same manner as is directed 'for making Mercury Oleate (2392) a liquid 
Oleate of any desired strength may be made. The 5 per cent, and 12^ per 
cent. Oleates are those most generally used. 



660 OLEORESIN/E — OLEO-RESINS. 



OLEORESIN^E — OLEO-RESINS. 

Considered as galenicals, Oleo-resins are preparations made 
from vegetable drugs containing oleo-resinous principles by 
exhausting the drug of these principles with some ethereal 
solvent and then concentrating by distillation or evaporation 
until only the Oleo-resin remains. There are also natural 
Oleo-resins, exudates from trees, which are known as turpen- 
tines, balsams, and gums. In the earlier pharmacopoeias of 
this country some of the preparations now known as Oleo- 
resins were called fluid extracts. The prepared Oleo-resins 
are used in pharmacy in pills, tablets, capsules, and other 
forms when concentrated principles of the kind are desired. 

2415. General Process of the U. S. P. 

From the formula given in the U. S. P. for Oleo-resins a 
general formula may be deduced as follows : 

The substance, in No. 60 powder, . . . 100 parts. 
Stronger Ether, a sufficient quantity. 

Put the substance into a cylindrical glass percolator, pro- 
vided with a cover and a receptacle suitable for volatile liquids, 
press it firmly and gradually pour stronger Ether upon it until 
1 50 parts have slowly passed or until the drug is well exhausted 
of its Oleo-resin. Recover the greater part of the Ether by 
distillation on a water-bath and expose the residue in a capsule 
until the remaining Ether has evaporated. Keep the Oleo- 
resin in a well-stopped bottle, and shake when using. 

2416. General Process by Water-Bath 

Percolation. 

The substance, in No. 60 powder, . . . 100 parts. 
Stronger Ether (or Gasoline), a sufficient quantity. 

Tut the substance in a water-bath percolator and cover it 
with .stronger Ether or Gasoline; surround the percolator with 






OLEORESIN/E — OLEO-RESINS. 661 

hot water, by pouring in the outer vessel, and after standing 
one hour begin to percolate, adding stronger Ether or Gasoline 
to the drugs in the percolator and continuing the percolation 
until 150 parts have passed, or until the drug is exhausted. 
Recover the greater portion of the stronger Ether or Gasoline 
by distillation and expose the residue in a capsule until all 
traces of the volatile liquid has evaporated. This may be 
hastened by the gentle heat of a water-bath. 

In the point of economy Gasoline (Petroleum Ether) is infi- 
nitely cheaper, and (in our opinion) if the process is properly 
conducted, the product is just as good. 

The following are the Oleo-resins now official and known in 
pharmacy : 

2417. Oleoresina Aspidii — Oleo-resin of Aspidium. — Aspidium (male 
Fern) 100 parts or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient 
quantity. Make as directed. The product is about 2 n.ounces. The dose 
is 30 to 60 minims for tape worm, etc. 

2418. Oleoresina Capsici — Oleo-resin of Capsicum.— Capsicum 100 
parts or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient, quantity. 
Make as directed, separating and rejecting the fatty matter which is obtained 
with the Oleo-resin, by passing through a strainer. The product is about }( 
of an ounce and the dose ]4 to 1 minim. This is often called Oil of Capsicum. 

2419. Oleoresina Cubebae — Oleo-resin of Cubeb. — Cubeb 100 parts or 
16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
directed, and after standing separate the Oleo-resin from the sediment which 
subsides. The product is about 4 ounces, and the dose 5 to 20 minims for 
the same purposes as other preparations of Cubebs. 

2420. Oleoresina Lupulini — Oleo-resin of Lupulin. — Lupulin 100 parts 
or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
directed. The product is about 8 flounces or 50 per cent. The dose 2 to 5 
minims as a nervine and tonic. 

2421. Oleoresina Piperis — Oleo-resin of Pepper. — Pepper 100 parts or 
16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
directed, and after standing separate the liquid portion from the crystallized 
Pijterine by straining through muslin. The product is about 1 jounce and 
the dose % to 1 minim. This was formerly called Oil of Black Pepper. 

2422. Oleoresina Zingiberis — Oleo-resin of Ginger. — Ginger 100 parts 
or 16 ounces av., stronger Ether or Gasoline a sufficient quantity. Make as 
directed. The product is about 1 flounce. The dose is ^ to 1 minim, used 
for the same purposes as other preparations of ginger. 



662 OLEORESIN.E— OLEO-RESINS. 

Other Oleo-resins. 

Besides the foregoing official Oleo-resins many others may be obtained 
from plants containing oleo-resinous principles, as Allspice, Canada Snake 
Root, Horse Chestnut, Lobelia, Savin, etc., but they are seldom used. They 
may be made in the same manner as the official preparations. Asclepidin, 
Cypripedin, Iridin, Senecin, and Xanthoxyhn are Oleo-resins prepared by 
eclectic manufacturing pharmacists. 

Natural Oleo-resins. 

Although these are not classed in the pharmacopoeias with 
Oleo-resins it seems proper that they should be, as they are 
natural oleo-resinous exudates. The following are official 
under the titles as given : 

2423. Copaiba. 

Balsam of Copaiba. 

The Oleo-resin of Copaiba of different species is obtained 
by tapping the trees. It contains a volatile oil, which may be 
separated by distillation (Oil of Copaiba), a resin which is 
chiefly Copaivic Acid, C 30 H 30 O 2 , and which is known as solid- 
ified Copaiba, and a bitter principle. 

Copaiba is known commercially as " Balsam of Copaiba," 
two varieties being generally sold: Para, which is thin, con- 
taining a larger proportion of oil, and Angostura, thicker, 
containing more resin. The former is generally preferred. 

Uses. — Copaiba is used in medicine as a stimulant to mucous 
surfaces and is the popular remedy for gonorrhoea. It is much 
used for catarrh of the bladder and other troubles of the urinary 
organs. It is also used extensively in stimulating ointments. In 
the arts it is used in some kinds of varnishes, printers' ink, etc 

2424. Terebinthina. 

Turpentine — Gum Turpentine — White Pine Turpentine. 

A concrete Oleo-resin obtained from Pinus Australis and other 
species of Pinus by tapping the trees and collecting the exudate. 

It contains 25 per cent, of volatile oil (Oil of Turpentine), 
which is obtained by distillation, leaving the residue, Resin or 
Colophony, which consists of Abietic Anhydride. 



OLEORESIN^E — OLEO-RESINS. 663 

Uses. — White Pine Turpentine, as it is known in the mar- 
ket, is used in making plasters, and its solution in alcohol is 
employed in cough remedies. 

2425. Terebinthina Canadensis. 

Canada Turpentine — Balsam Fir. 

A liquid Oleo-resin obtained from Abies Balsamea by punc- 
turing the resin-ducts in the bark. 

It contains a turpene, which maybe obtained by distillation, 
and is known as Oil of Balsam Fir or Fir Oil, and a resin. 

Uses. — Balsam of Fir, as it is most commonly called, is 
used in making stimulating ointments and plasters and in lini- 
ments. It is also used for making transfer varnishes, transpa- 
rent or tracing paper, and for mounting microscopic objects, 
for which it is admirably adapted. 

Other Oleo-resinous Substances. 

Besides the foregoing official natural Oleo-resins, a few others, which are 
known commercially as balsams, gums, and turpentines, are mentioned. 

2426. Bdellium.— A balsamic exudation from Balsamodendron Mukul, 
containing a volatile oil and resin, and some gum. 

2427. Chian Turpentine.— A Oleo-resin or Turpentine obtained from 
incisions made in the bark of Pistacia Terebinthtts, and recently consider- 
ably used in medicine. 

2428. Elemi. — A concrete Oleo-resin obtained from Canarium Commune 
and containing about 10 per cent, of a volatile oil and 25 per cent, of resin. 

2429. Gurjun Balsam. — An Oleo-resin consisting of volatile oil and 
resin, obtained from Dipterocarpus Ttirbinattts, somewhat similar to Copa- 
iba, and used for similar purposes. It is also called Wood Oil. 

2430. Hungarian Turpentine or Balsam. — An Oleo-resinous exudation 
from the branches of Pinus Pumilia. Its composition and uses are similar 
to Balsam of Fir. 

2431. Strassburg Turpentine.— An Oleo-resin obtained, like Balsam of 
Fir, by puncturing the ducts of the bark of Abies pectinata. Its composi- 
tion and uses are similar to Balsam of Fir. 

2432. Venice Turpentine. — An Oleo-resinous exudation from the heart- 
wood of Larix Europcea. Its composition and uses are similar to Balsam 
of Fir. Factitious Venice Turpentine may be prepared from common 
Resin 3 parts, Oil of Turpentine 1 part. 



664 opium. 



2433. OPIUM. 

Opium is the concrete milky exudation obtained in Asia 
Minor by incising the unripe capsules of the Opium Poppy, 
Papavcr Soninifernm. A few days after the petals have 
fallen incisions are made in the capsule, and in twelve to 
fifteen hours the milky exudation which has collected is 
scraped off and collected and afterward formed into masses 
as it appears in the market. The present U. S. P. specifies, 
when dried at the temperature of boiling water until it ceases 
to lose weight, that Opium shall yield at least 12 per cent, 
of Morphine, and that in its normal moist condition it should 
yield at least 9 per cent, of Morphine when assayed by the 
official process. The best grades of Opium frequently contain 
as high as 20 per cent, or even more of Morphine, and 
a good average quality should yield when dried 15 to 17 per 
cent. In pharmacy Opium is used in making many prepara- 
tions, and is the source of many alkaloids and alkaloidal salts, 
which are extensively used. In medicine Opium and its prep- 
arations are more frequently employed than any other, except 
perhaps the preparations of Cinchona. 

Opium and its preparations are mostly sedative and anodyne, 
and are used to allay pain, quiet excited nervous action, induce 
sleep, etc. The use of Opium and Morphine — although almost 
indispensable in medicine — is attended with great risk of form- 
ing the Opium habit, and physicians cannot be too cautious in 
employing them. They are good servants, but bad masters. 

Powdered Opium. — To powder Opium it is first cut in 
pieces and dried by the heat of boiling water until it ceases to 
lose moisture. It is then powdered and assayed, the pharma- 
copoeia directing that powdered Opium shall not contain more 
than 16 per cent, of Morphine, nor less than 12 per cent. If 
it contains more than the specified percentage, it is reduced 
to the proper standard by adding some inert substance, most 
manufacturers being content to fulfil the bare requirements of 
the pharmacopoeia, and make it to contain 12 per cent, of the 
alkaloids. Powdered Opium is directed to be used in making 



opium. 665 



the various preparations of Opium as tincture, etc. ; but most 
druggists disregard this direction, and use moist opium instead. 
More uniform preparations may be prepared from the pow- 
dered Opium, but it is doubtful if they contain any more of 
the valuable constituents when thus prepared than when made 
from a good quality of moist Opium. For the method of 
assaying Opium, see the Pharmacopoeia. The dose of Pow- 
dered Opium is from ^ to 2 grains or more. 



2434. Opium Denarcotisatum. 

Denarcotised Opium. 

This preparation of Opium was introduced in the 1880 
U. S. P. to supply an Opium deprived of its objectionable prin- 
ciples. It has the same strength of Morphine as powdered 
Opium, but is deprived of its narcotine and odorous prin- 
ciples. 

Macerate powdered Opium containing 14 per cent, of Mor- 
phine, with Ether, using first 5 parts of Ether to 1 part of 
Opium, and, after macerating 24 hours, pour off, then macerate 
with 2.y 2 parts of Ether twice successively, and pour off as 
before, then dry the residue by gentle heat, and add to the 
powder enough powdered Sugar of Milk to make up the 
original weight of Opium. 

Uses. — This may be used in powder the same as Opium or 
for making deodorized Tincture of Opium, the same quantity 
as is directed of powdered Opium, and in the same manner 
as ordinary Tincture of Opium is made. Being already de- 
odorized it does not require treatment with ether. 

Alkaloids in Opium. 

Opium has been the subject of exhaustive chemical research 
and a large variety of Alkaloids and salts are derived from it. 
Only a few are used to any extent in pharmacy and medicine, 
the remainder being interesting only as chemical curiosities. 
The following list shows the Alkaloids which exist in Opium, 
and some derived from them which have been prepared by 



(566 



OPIUM. OXYGEN. 



chemists. The important ones have been described among 
the Alkaloids. 



ALKALOID. 


COMPOSITION. 


PROPERTIES. 


Per cent, in 
ioo parts Opium 




C 17 H 17 NO s 

C 1s H 1q NO, 


Sedative, Emetic. 


From Morphine. 
From Codeine. 
0.678. 




Codeine 


C 18 H sl NO a 

C 20 H, 5 NO 4 
C 1B H ls NO s 

C 21 H 23 N0 6 

C,„H„NO c 


Sedative 


Cotarine 










Deuteropine 






Gnoscopine C 34 H3 6 N 2 11 






Hydrocotarine C,oH,,NO„ 








CooHo.NO. 






Laudanine 


C 20 H 25 NO 4 
C 21 H 27 N0 5 
C 21 H 23 N0 4 
C 17 H 19 N0 3 .H 2 
C 33 H 29 N0 9 
C,,H 23 N0 7 

c 2 ;h 83 no 5 

C 21 H 21 N0 4 
C 19 H 21 N0 3 
C 20 H 19 NO 5 
C 17 N 19 N0 4 
C gl H ai NO e 
C 19 H 81 NO a 
H 3 C 7 H0 7 
Ci H 10 O 4 




Laudanosine 








0.804. 
10.842. 

0.662. 

6.808. 
From Narcotine. 




Anodyne 

Narcotic 

Narcotic 

Narcotic 








Papaverine 






From Morphine. 


Protopine 




Pseudomorphine 


Sedative 


From Morphine. 


Thebaine 










5-I54- 






Meconoisin 















Besides the medicinal constituents of Opium mentioned, it 
contains in 100 parts: Resin, 3.582; gummy matter, 26.242; 
mucus, 19.086; fatty matter, 2.166; caoutchouc, 6.012; and 
water, 9.846. 



OXYGENIUM — OXYGEN. 

Symbol, O; Atomic weight 15.96. 

Oxygen is a gaseous element, transparent, colorless, 
odorless, and tasteless, about 16 times the weight of hy- 
drogen. In a free state it constitutes about one-fifth of the 
volume of the atmosphere. Combined with hydrogen it forms 
about eight-ninths of the weight of water, and in this com- 
bination and union with other elements it constitutes a large 
proportion of all animal and vegetable as well as mineral mat- 



OXYGENIUM — OXYGEN. PANCREATIN. 667 

ter, — forming, it is estimated, fully one-half the solid crust of 
the earth. 

It supports combustion, and unites with all the elements, 
except fluorine (with which it is not known to combine), form- 
ing oxides. With many of the elements it unites in more than 
one proportion, its combinations being then known as mon- 
oxides, di, deut or fowoxides, ter or /rz'oxides, /r/roxides and 
j>entoxides, as they combine with I, 2, 3, 4 or 5 volumes of 
Oxygen. 

Oxides which are reduced from hydrates by depriving them 
of the elements of water, without otherwise changing their 
composition, are frequently called anhydrides. In combination 
with hydrogen Oxygen unites with many positive bases, form- 
ing hydrates or hydroxides. 

Oxygen is most readily obtained for experimental purposes 
by heating Chlorate of Potassium with about one-eighth its 
weight of manganese dioxide in a flask and collecting the gas. 

The combinations of Oxygen with bases are noted under 
the basic substances with which it combines. 

Oxidation is the operation by which Oxygen combines with 
other substances forming Oxides. The term oxigenation is 
sometimes used to describe the same process. 

Ozone is an allotropic form of Oxygen, produced by the 
union of three atoms of Oxygen in one molecule, while the 
Oxygen molecule is composed of but two atoms. It is a color- 
less gas, having a peculiar unpleasant odor, and rapidly chang- 
ing into normal Oxygen. It is a wonderful bleaching and de- 
odorizing agent. It is produced by the action of electricity on 
Oxygen and by other methods, and was formerly called electri- 
fied air. 



2435. PANCREATINUM — PANCREATIN. 

Pancreatin is a ferment, the agent by which fats are con- 
verted into emulsions before entering the circulation. It is 
obtained for medicinal use from the Pancreas of beef by chop- 
ping them fine, macerating with successive portions of water, 



PANCREATIN. PEPSIN. 



acidulated with Hydrochloric Acid (i part to 30), straining 
the liquids, then filtering through coarse paper, neutralizing 
by adding Carbonate of Calcium, again filtering, adding to the 
filtrate an equal bulk of Alcohol, and after standing gathering 
the precipitate, washing, pressing between bibulous paper and 
drying. The product is a transparent, brittle, yellow mass, 
which might properly be called Crystal Pancreatin. This is 
used in pharmacy in making emulsions and elixirs, and in 
medicine to aid the assimilation of fats. The dose is 5 to 10 
grains. 



2436. Pancreatinum Saccharatum. 

Saccharated Pancreatin. 

Pancreatin, 1 part or 1 ounce. 

Sugar of Milk, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 

Powder them together. The dose is from 20 to 60 grains 
or more. 



2437. PEPSINUM - PEPSIN. 

Pepsin is a ferment, the agent by which a portion of the food 
which is taken into the stomach is dissolved and fitted for 
assimilation. It is obtained from the lining or mucous mem- 
brane of the stomachs of various animals, that from the 
stomach of the hog being preferred for most purposes. Prof. 
Scheffer's method is now quite generally employed. It is as 
follows : The fresh stomachs are deprived of their fat and 
divested of their outer coating, cut open, gently washed with 
cold water, and macerated for several days in a " pickle " com- 
posed of Water 30 parts, and Hydrochloric Acid 1 part, with 
frequent stirring. The liquid is then strained and filtered clear 
through coarse paper, or allowed to stand 24 hours, and 
then poured off. Common salt is then added and thoroughly 
mixed with the liquid. The Pepsin rises to the top, and after 



PEPSINUM — PEPSIN. 669 



standing is skimmed off and drained in a strainer, then sub- 
mitted to strong pressure to force out all that is possible of 
the saline solution, and carefully dried in warm air without 
heat. This constitutes the Crude Pepsin which is used for 
making Purified Pepsin, Saccharated Pepsin, etc. 

Purified Pepsin or Scale Pepsin. — This is prepared by 
redissolving the crude Pepsin, before drying, in water acidu- 
lated with Hydrochloric Acid, then adding just sufficient salt 
to separate it from its solution, washing it gently with cold 
water and draining, pressing, and drying rapidly on glass with 
gentle heat. 

Crystal Pepsin. — A Pepsin bearing this brand is prepared 
by Dr. Carl L. Jensen, of Philadelphia. The process by which 
it is prepared is said to be by subjecting the stomachs to the 
action of heat and dilute acid, whereby a gastric digestion 
takes place and a Peptone containing their digestive ferments 
is produced. It is then purified and dried in the manner 
above described. 

Many rival manufacturers of Pepsin under different names 
urge the superiority of their product, but the process as given 
(2437) is believed, if properly conducted, to produce the most 
reliable of any. 

2438. Pepsinum Saccharatum. 

Saccharated Pepsin. 
Saccharated Pepsin is now official in the U. S. and may be 
prepared as follows : 

Scale or Crude Pepsin, . . . . I part or 1 ounce. 

Sugar of Milk, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 

The value of this preparation must, of course, depend upon 
the scale or crude Pepsin which is employed. The pharmaco- 
pceia requires that 1 part of the finished product dissolved in 
500 parts of water acidulated with 7.5 parts of Hydrochloric 
Acid shall digest at least 50 parts of hard-boiled egg albumen, 
in 5 or 6 hours, at a temperature of 38 to 40 C. (iOO° to 

104 F.) 

It is a fact that much of the Saccharated Pepsin of the 
market is nearly worthless. 



670 PEPSINUM — PEPSIN. PEPTONES. 

2439. Pepsin Compound. 

Compound Powder of Pepsin. 

Scale or purified Pepsin, 10 parts. 

Pancreatin, pure, 10 parts. 

Diastase (Vegetable Ptyalin), 1 part. 

Lactic Acid, I part. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 3 parts. 

Sugar of Milk, 75 parts. 

Powder the Pepsin and Pancreatin by rubbing with the 
Sugar of Milk, add the Diastase, and, when they are all 
reduced to a fine powder and intimately mixed, add the Acids 
first to a small portion by rubbing them well together and then 
add the remainder and mix. 

If Saccharated Pancreatin and Pepsin are used, 47^ parts 
of each should be used and the Sugar of Milk omitted. 

Under the name " Lactopeptine" a preparation put up by 
the New-York PJiarmacal Association has had an extensive 
sale. Its composition is similar to the foregoing. 



2440. PEPTONES. 

Peptones are formed by the action of Pepsin or Pepsin, 
Pancreatin, etc., on albuminous foods or substances. They 
are in fact partially digested foods, fitted for assimilation. 
Several manufacturers have introduced preparations containing 
Peptones, to aid disordered peptic digestion, etc. They are 
usually made by chopping lean beef very fine and macerating 
it for about 6 hours in a Solution of Pepsin with water and 
hydrochloric acid, at a temperature of about 104 F. The 
beef is thus mostly dissolved, the mixture is strained, and the 
solution may be combined with various medicines as may be 
required. Excess of Pepsin and Pancreatin are sometimes 
added, and the solution thus prepared is added to wine, elixirs, 
emulsions, etc. The liquid Peptone is also evaporated and 
furnished in the form of a scale salt, as Beef Peptone. 



PETROLEUM. 671 



PETROLEUM. 

This important hydrocarbon, which is obtained from the earth 
by drilling " oil wells," is the source of many valuable sub- 
stances employed in pharmacy and medicine. As obtained 
from the earth it is called " Crude Oil," or " Crude Petroleum." 
By fractional distillation several light etherial products are 
first obtained, then the illuminating oils, and after these the 
heavier products, among which are Petrolatum and Paraffin. 
Crude Petroleum is considerably used in liniments for rheu- 
matism, swellings, etc. 

The lighter products of the fractional distillation of Petro- 
leum are 

2441. Cymogene, Sp. gr. 0.590, which boils at 32 F., the freezing point of 
water, and is only obtained by condensing the vapors, which first pass over, 
by a specially constructed pump. It has no practical use. 

2442. Rhigolene, Sp. gr. 0.625. Boils at 65° F., and is condensed by ice 
and salt from the first vapors that come over. It is used for freezing mixtures, 
and as a spray for local freezing in surgical operations. It must be handled 
with great caution. 

2443. Gasoline, Petroleum Ether or Benzine.— Sp. gr. 0.665 to 0.675. 
Condensed in a worm by cold water. It is extensively used for vaporizing 
in gas machines and for burning in properly-constructed stoves, also for re- 
moving grease and as a solvent for fixed oils. This is the Official Benzine, see 
page 189. 

2444. Naphtha. — Sp. gr. 0.695 to 0705. This is a heavier form of Gaso- 
line, used for burning and as a solvent for oils, etc. See page 1 89. 

2445. Benzine.— Sp. gr. 0.725 to 0.737. This was formerly extensively 
used as a substitute for Turpentine, but is now little employed except as a 
solvent for gums, in making some kinds of varnishes and rubber. It is 
mostly worked in with the illuminating oils. 

2446. Carbon Oil or Refined Petroleum.— Sp. gr. 0.800 to 0.815. This 
is the Illuminating Oil which varies considerably in sp. gr. etc., as made for 
different purposes and by different houses. The standard test at which 
Carbon Oil will flash or explode when heated, is regulated by legislation in 
different States from 120 F. to 150 F., New- York test being 138 F. Signal 
Oil, which is burned in lanterns and locomotive engines, is a still higher test 
oil usually mixed with Sperm Oil. After the illuminating Oils are obtained, 
lubricating Oils are separated, then the heavier products Petrolatum, Paraffin 
(370), Carbolic Acid, and other derivatives, which correspond to the products 
obtained from Coal Tar. 



672 PETROLATUM. PHENYL. 

2447. PETROLATUM. 

Cosmoline, Vaseline, Petroleum Ointment, etc. 

This is official in the U. S. P., and is described as a semi- 
solid substance consisting of hydrocarbons chiefly of the 
marsh-gas series (C 16 H 34 , etc.), obtained by distilling off the 
lighter and more volatile portions from American Petroleum 
and purifying the residue. Its melting point is from 104 to 
125° F. This substance is mostly prepared from the residuum 
which collects in storage tanks, oil wells, etc., which is famil- 
iarly known as " B. S. Oil." From this the lighter portions 
are distilled and the residue transferred to large percolators or 
cylinders, partly filled with freshly-prepared animal charcoal 
(bone black) and kept heated by proper appliances to a degree 
which will liquefy the oil. As it comes through the percolator 
it is deodorized and decolorized, the first portions being white 
when cold and the later runs being from a light amber to a 
dark color. It is then brought up to the proper melting point, 
which is usually 104 F., by adding paraffin and mixing them 
thoroughly. 

Uses. — The value of this product as an ointment base has 
caused it to be almost universally adopted for that purpose in 
advance of official directions. It does not become rancid by 
age. It is claimed that it is not so readily absorbed as lard, 
and that some desired chemical changes in some ointments do 
not take place when this is used. These objections are noted 
under the proper formulas. 

Paraffin, Paraffin Oil, Lubricating Oil, and other Petroleum 
products have been noticed elsewhere. 



PHENYL. 



Phenyl is the hypothetical radical of the Phenyl series of 
compounds, of which Phenol and Phenylamine are derivations. 

2448. Phenol or Carbolic Acid— C 6 H 5 HO.— A product of the distilla- 
tion of coal-tar between the temperatures of 180 and 190 C. (356 and 
374° F.). 



PHENYL. PHOSPHORUS. 673 

Carbolic Acid or Phenol is the hydrate of Phenyl, or Phenic Alcohol. 
Crude Carbolic Acid is a liquid distilled from coal-tar, containing many 
empyreumatic products. Pure Crystallized Carbolic Acid is made by distill- 
ing crude Carbolic Acid and purifying the crystallized product obtained by 
repeated distillations. (See 28.) 

Cresylic Acid or Cresol, C 7 H 8 0, is a homologue of Carbolic Acid, very 
similar to it, but less soluble. 

Phenol-pthalein is prepared from Phenol and Pthalic Anhydride. It is 
used in making a test solution. 

2449. Phenylamine or Aniline, C 6 H H 3 N, is the base of the Aniline 
salts so extensively used for dyeing. (See 179.) It is prepared by treating 
an alcoholic solution of Nitrobenzol with Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulphide 
until Sulphur is precipitated. The liquid portion is again treated with Hydro- 
gen Sulphide until no more sulphur can be precipitated. The liquid is then 
mixed with an excess of acid, filtered, boiled, and distilled with an excess of 
Caustic Potassa. 



PHOSPHORUS. 

Symbol, P; Atomic weight, 31. 

Phosphorus is a non-metallic element, existing in nature 
mainly in the form of salts, and obtained for use by decom r 
posing its compounds. It is mostly prepared from Acid Cal- 
cium Phosphate by heating with charcoal and collecting the 
distillate under warm water, afterward filtering by squeezing 
through chamois leather under warm water, theii moulding it 
in sticks, in which form it comes into the market. 

Phosphorus assumes several allotropic forms under different 
treatment. In its normal condition, as above described, it is 
the ordinary Phosphorus of the market, pale-yellow, semi- 
transparent; soft and waxy when warmed to about 75°F., 
melting at iii°F., taking fire in the air at l65°F., and slowly 
oxidizing in the air at all temperatures above 6o°F. It must 
be preserved under water. 

Uses. — Phosphorus is extensively used in making matches, 
ami in the form of pills and solutions is considerably employed 
in medicine as a nerve tonic and vitalizer. Its acids and salts 
are important pharmaceuticals extensively used both in medi- 
cine and pharmacy and in the industrial arts. The dose of 

Phosphorus is from , ,', „ to ,,'„ grains, in pills or solution. 



674 PHOSPHORUS. 



Allotropic Forms of Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus assumes under different treatment several allotropic forms, 
which, although different in physical characteristics, are the same chemically. 

2450. Red or Amorphous Phosphorus is prepared by exposing ordinary 
phosphorous to an atmosphere of Carbonic Acid at 225° to 25o°C. for several 
days, when it is converted into a red, amorphous mass, having entirely differ- 
ent properties than ordinary phosphorous, being non-luminous, non-combus- 
tible at ordinary temperatures, and non-poisonous. . When heated to 28o°C. 
it is reconverted into ordinary phosphorus. 

White Phosphorus, Black Phosphorus, and Liquid Phosphorus are other 
allotropic forms obtained by various treatment but are not used in pharmacy. 



Combinations of Phosphorus. 

Phosphorus combines with the metallic bases forming Phosphides, the more 
important ones being noticed under the metals with which it combines. It 
also unites with the non-metals, forming compounds, the more important of 
which are here noticed. 

2451. Chloride of Phosphorus — PC1 5 . — By the spontaneous combustion 
of Phosphorus in an excess of dry Chlorine, or by passing dry Chlorine into 
liquid Terchloride of Phosphorus, an Oxychloride of Phosphorus, PC1 3 0, is 
made by heating Chloride of Phosphorus with a quantity of Water insufficient 
to convert it into Phosphoric Acid. 

2452. Hydride of Phosphorus, PH 3 , or Phosphoretted Hydrogen, is an 
explosive gas made by boiling Phosphorus with Milk of Lime, as in making 
Hypophosphorus Acid. It has a very disagreeable smell. 

2453. Oxides of Phosphorus. — With Oxygen, Phosphorus forms three 
Oxides, Phosphoric Oxide, P 2 5 , Phosphorus Oxide, P 2 3 , and Hypophos- 
phorus Oxide, P 2 0. 

2454. Acids of Phosphorus. — The more important of these Acids have 
been already described. (34, 42, 43.) 

Orthophosphoric Acid, H 3 P0 4 (tribasic), is made by dissolving Phosphoric 
Oxide in water, or by the action of Nitric Acid on Phosphorus. The 50 per 
cent, solution is the U. S. official Phosphoric Acid. The salts made by com- 
bining this Acid with bases are called Phosphates. 

Pyrophosphoric Acid, H 4 P 2 0, by heating Orthophosphoric Acid to 2i3°C. 
(41 5.4 F.). 

Metaphosphoric Acid by igniting tribasic Phosphoric Acid or by dissolving 
P 2 5 in cold water. These three Acids correspond with the Oxides above 
mentioned. 



PICROTOXINU M — PICROTOXIN. PILULE — PILLS. 675 

Phosphorous Acid, H 3 P0 3 , cannot be formed directly from Phosphorus 
Oxide but is a dibasic Acid, containing one hydrogen atom that cannot be 
replaced by a metal. The salts of this Acid are called Phosphites. 

Hypophosphorus Acid, H 3 P0 2 , cannot be made directly from Hypophos- 
phorous Oxide. It contains two hydrogen atoms not replaceable by a metal. 
It is the acid basis of the Hypophosphite salts. 



2455. PICROTOXINUM — PICROTOXIN. 

C 9 H 10 O 4- 

A neutral principle prepared from the seeds of Anamirta 
Paniculata — the kernel of Cocculus Indicus — by exhausting 
with hot water, evaporating to an extract, mixing the extract 
with Magnesia, then treating with hot Alcohol, filtering 
through animal charcoal, concentrating by evaporation, and 
crystallizing. 

Uses. — This is used as an antispasmodic and nerve tonic, 
like Strychnine, in doses of jfo to -^ grain. 



PILULE — PILLS. 



Since the general introduction of sugar and gelatine-coated 
pills, their manufacture has been almost entirely monopolized 
by manufacturing houses. The pill business has come to be a 
great nuisance to druggists, for the reason that so many manu- 
facturers urge their claims for superiority upon the physicians, 
that a large stock of many different makes must be kept on 
hand in order to supply the demand. 

It is not only unprofitable, but very annoying to be obliged 
ep so many manufacturers' pills on hand, but as yet there 
seems to be no way of avoiding it. 

'1 he pills that are included iri the Pharmacopoeia constitute 
but a very small portion of those in use, and as manufacturers' 
pills are nearly always coated with sugar or gelatine, it maybe 
said that scarcel)' any pills made by the Pharmacopoeia formula} 
are dispensed by druggists. 



676 PILUL.L — PILLS. 



The making and coating of pills to any great extent is 
impracticable for the mass of druggists, because it requires 
considerable apparatus and some experience and skill ; and 
further, because there are so few of any but the leading or 
special pills used that it does not pay to make the small quan- 
tity required for the retail trade. Many druggists, however, 
prefer to make their own pills as a matter of reliability. We 
give, therefore, the general processes for making and coating 
pills, and such formulae as may seem expedient for those who 
wish to prepare their own pills. 

The recent introduction of reliable powdered extracts of 
American manufacture, has very much simplified the making 
of pills, as the ingredients may be readily and accurately mixed 
before combining into a pill mass. 

Many of the old solid extracts were very difficult to work 
evenly into a pill mass, and required much preparation before 
they were ready for use. 

This is now happily done away with by the introduction of 
powdered extracts of all dangerous drugs, and by the use of 
which a thorough distribution of the medicinal agents may be 
secured. 

Not only are the powdered extracts better on this account, 
but the mass can be much more readily prepared ; as, with the 
old solid extracts it was often necessary to soften them, so 
that an extra amount of drier had afterwards to be used, which 
increased the bulk of the pill. Small pills are now the fash- 
ion in medicine, and a pill without some kind of coating is 
looked upon with great disgust by the great American stom- 
ach. Upon the nicety of the pill depends the nicety with 
which it can be coated, so we will first consider the pill itself, 
and afterwards its outer covering. This is the reverse of the 
view taken by the pill-taker, as he usually is more concerned 
as to the character of the covering than the character of the 
pill ; but the pill-maker and the pill-taker can hardly be ex- 
pected to take the same view of the subject. 

The directions which follow are intended for the use of the 
ordinary druggists, with such conveniences as they all have, to 
make and coat pills in small quantities, suitable for the retail 
.trade, and for extemporaneous and prescription business. 



PILULE — PILLS. 677 



Conveniences for Pill Making. 

Pill Mac/ilnes are only adapted to making certain sizes of 
pills. For the manufacturer who is making large quantities of 
certain sizes they are a great assistance, but for the retail 
druggist but little use can be made of them. Those who have 
them can use them for such sizes as their material will prop- 
erly make, but it is hardly advisable for those who do not have 
them to buy them, as there are so few pills for which they can 
be used. 

Materials vary so much that it is almost impossible for the 
druggist to so regulate the mass as to get the desired amount 
of material in each pill, when working with a machine. Take, 
for instance, Calomel and Quinine, a two-grain pill of one 
would be much smaller than a two-grain pill of the other, but 
the pill machine would make them both of the same size. 

They are very convenient for marking and dividing the pill, 
and those who have them can use them for that purpose, but 
a simple, inexpensive pill marker and divider is more service- 
able. The ordinary pill tile will answer every purpose. This, 
with a pill roller, a pill rounder, and the ordinary mortars 
and pestles completes the necessary outfit for ordinary pill 
making, and experience does the rest. 

The Excipients. 

Many Excipients have been proposed for making pills, with 
which druggists are already familiar, as mucilage, syrup, glu- 
cose, honey, soap, glycerin, etc., and all of them have their 
uses, but nothing has been found so good for general purposes 
as the Starch Plasma, or, as we shall call it here, Excipient. 

It is tenacious without being elastic, readily mixable, free 
from odor or objectionable taste, does not mould or spoil, 
keeps without change, keeps the pills soft and pliable, is inex- 
pensive, and readily made as follows: 

2456 Excipient. 

Starch, in fine powder, 1 drachm. 

Glycerin, by weight 1 ounce. 



678 PILUL/E — PILLS. 



Mix and heat, with constant stirring, to boiling (240 F.), or 
until it has assumed a uniform gelatinous mass. Too high a 
degree of heat must not be used, as it will burn the Starch on 
the bottom, and it must be constantly stirred to prevent this 
result. It can be made best on a sand-bath. 

In making pills with this Excipient, use only a small quan- 
tity, well worked in with the pestle, and then if more is 
required it may be added. 

The Driers. 

The chief use of the Drier is to dust the tile and roller and 
the pills after they are made, to prevent sticking together. 

It is also sometimes necessary to use it with the mass when 
the extracts used are too soft or when oils or other liquids 
enter into the composition. 

A great many substances are used as Driers, as Powdered 
Liquorice Root, Lycopodium, Flour, Starch, etc., but the best 
dryer to meet all the requirements for which it is needed, is 
made thus : 



2457. Drier. 

Starch, in very fine powder, ) , , . , 

- - equal parts, mixed. 

Elm Bark, in very fine powder, 1 

This will be found much better than powdered Liquorice, 
Lycopodium, or other substances usually used for this purpose. 

Finely powdered Starch or Wheat Flour alone is better for 
white pills than the above Drier, as it does not color them. 
Dextrine also makes a good Drier for colored pills. 

They are best applied as a dusting, with an ordinary salt 
sprinkler or pepper-box, such as are used on the dining table. 

This completes the list of requisites for making pills, except, 
of course, the drugs that enter into their composition. 

Making Pills. 

The Mass should always be made in a mortar, propor- 
tionate to the amount required, and with a long-handled 



PILULE — PILLS. 679 



pestle, not too large. It is best to observe the following order 
in making the mass, so as to secure the best results in the 
least time. 

First. — Reduce all crystals or pulverizable masses to a very 
fine powder by rubbing in the mortar. Powerful drugs like 
Strychnine, Atropia, Morphia, etc., should be mixed with a 
small quantity of Sugar of Milk in powdering, so as to secure 
a thorough distribution of their particles. When the crystals 
or other drugs are thoroughly powdered, add any powdered 
extracts, resinoids, or other powdered drugs that may be 
directed, and mix thoroughly and intimately in the mortar. 

Second. — Add any solid extracts, confections or other masses 
that may be directed, taking great care to have them in such 
condition that they can be readily worked up with the other 
ingredients. Most extracts can be softened by warming a 
little ; some require a little Water or Alcohol. Mix these 
thoroughly with the powders in the mortar by working them 
in with the pestle. 

When this is done, if it requires to be softened (which is 
generally the case), add enough of the Excipient to make into 
a pilular mass, or, if too soft, add enough of the Drier to 
harden it. 

In using the Excipient but a small amount isjiecessary, but 
it must be well worked in. 

Never add Alcohol, Water, or Syrup to a pill mass if it can 
be avoided. 

If any oils are directed in the formula, they should be mixed 
in a mortar with the Excipient before it is added to the mass. 
They are thus emulsified and the oily particles broken up, so 
that a thorough distribution is effected. Do not add oils to 
the powders in the mortar, as a portion of the powder absorbs 
the oil and the distribution is much retarded. It is also much 
more difficult to work the mass than when the oils are first 
combined with the Excipient. 

If two much Excipient has been used, Drier may be added 
to bring it to the requisite temper, but it is better to be care- 
ful and not add too much, as the Drier increases the bulk and 
size of the pill. 



680 PILULE — PILLS. 



The Pill. Having now prepared the mass, the Pill is next 
in order. 

First. — Weigh the mass carefully and then (if for more than 
24 Pills) divide it into portions that will make as many Pills 
as the Pill machine, tile, or divider indicates — 12, 18 or 24 is 
the usual number. For instance, if 100 Pills are to be made, 
and the whole mass weighs 316 grains, each Pill will be 3.16 
grains. If the Pill tile, divider or machine is marked for 18 
Pills, 3.16x18=56.88, or 57 grains, should be the weight of 
each portion, and you will have as many portions as 18 is con- 
tained in 100, or 5^ portions. 

Second. — Dust the tile or machine with the drier, and roll 
each portion out to the length indicated for the number of 
Pills. Several portions may be rolled out together at the same 
time, side by side, if the mass is of proper consistence, and 
drier is properly used. They should be rolled evenly from end 
to end, with a slanting motion of the roller. 

When rolled to the proper length, divide as indicated by the 
tile, divider or machine, and roll into Pills. Complete the 
rolling at last by rolling the rounded Pills gently with a circu- 
lar motion of the roller on the slab. Put in a shallow tin, or 
other convenient dish, in a cool place to harden. 

A jelly-cake tin is very convenient for this purpose. A scale 
pan may also be used. The Pills, thus prepared, are ready for 
coating. 

Coating Pills. 

Pills are coated chiefly to render them tasteless while being 
taken ; but the coating serves the further important office of 
protecting them from the atmosphere. 

Sugar Coating. — The apparatus for coating Pills advan- 
tageously with sugar is quite expensive, and the experience 
required to coat them artistically is considerable. They may, 
however, be coated in a small way by revolving the Pills after 
they are made in a little albumen or mucilage, to give them a 
thin coating, then transferring to another dish, dusting 
them well with finely powdered sugar, and rolling them in a 
shallow evaporating dish, thus giving them an even coating. 



PILULE — PILLS. 681 



This method is only used for extemporaneous work. To 
coat Pills with sugar as they are found in the market requires 
large copper revolving globes, of which the upper third is cut 
off, and which are revolved at an angle (the same as are used 
by confectioners). The best apparatus of this sort is also ar- 
ranged for an oscillating motion, which prevents the Pills from 
adhering to the side. They are also arranged with heating 
apparatus, so that the heat may be maintained at any desired 
degree. 

The Pills are first partially dried, then coated over with 
Tincture of Tolu or a Solution of Shellac. Then put in the 
coating apparatus, add a little syrup of white sugar and a 
sprinkling of starch from time to time, while the globe is slowly 
revolved, a very moderate heat being applied at the same time, 
until the coating is of sufficient thickness. To give a finish or 
polish to the Pills after they are coated, they are agitated in 
the coater with a few lumps of paraffine or wax. It is obvious 
that small quantities of Pills cannot be conveniently sugar- 
coated in this manner. 

It will thus be seen that sugar-coating Pills as they are 
found in the market requires expensive machinery, experience 
and time, which are not at the disposal of the ordinary drug- 
gist in his business. 

Gelatine Coating. — Pills may be coated with Gelatine by 
sticking them on pins and dipping them in a Solution of Gela- 
tine, etc., heated sufficiently to keep it liquid, then revolving 
them in the air until the coating is sufficiently set so that the 
Pills will not adhere when put together. The solution for 
Gelatine or Soluble Coating may be made as follows : 



2458. Gelatine Coating. 

Best White Gelatine, Cooper's, Cox's, or 

French, I ounce av. 

Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Gelatine in the water, by heat of water- 
bath, and strain through a tin strainer or a sieve into a water- 
bath, which must be kept warm, adding a trifle of warm water 



682 PILUL.E — PILLS. 



occasionally to make up for the evaporation. Dip the Pills 
in the Solution quickly, and revolve in the air until dry. 

2459. Gelacacia or Soluble Coating. 

Gelatin, best white 1 ounce av. 

Gum Arabic, select, ]/ 2 ounce av. 

Glycerin, % ounce av. 

Water, 4^ ounces av. 

Dissolve the Gum Arabic in 2 ounces of the Water by 
allowing to stand over night, add this to the Gelatin and bal- 
ance of the Water and Glycerin and heat to dissolve the Gel- 
atin. W T hen dissolved strain and keep warm with a water-bath 
while using. 

The pills, stuck on pins or needles, are to be dipped into 
the solution and dried by revolving in the air. 

This makes the best and smoothest coating for pills. It 
may with propriety be called Gelatin Coating. Apparatus of 
various kinds may be obtained for Gelatin-Coating pill, but 
without experience it proves generally unsatisfactory in the 
hands of druggists. 

Pills may also be coated with a solution of Shellac, 90 grains 
to 1 ounce of Alcohol, which does very well for extemporane- 
ous work. They may be dipped in the solution or revolved 
in an evaporating dish with a very small quantity of it. 



2460. Silvering and Gilding Pills. 

Pills are sometimes coated with silver or gold leaf. This is 
done simply by moistening the pills with a thin coating of 
Albumen or Acacia solution and then revolving in a small 
globe in which leaves of silver or gold have been placed. The 
process is familiar to most druggists and many already have 
the small globes for silvering or gilding. 

Besides the substances already mentioned for coating pills, 
French Chalk or Starch are sometimes used, the pills being 
first rolled in a solution of Acacia and then transferred to 
another dish containing the coating substance, which adheres 
sufficiently for the purpose. Paraffin and Cacao Butter are 
also used for coating pills. 



PILULE — PILLS. 



683 



Formulae for Pills. 



In the formulae which follow it is not intended to give work- 
ing formulas for definite quantities of Pills, but only the com- 
position of those most used, with such hints as may be neces- 
sary for making them. The composition is mostly given for 
one Pill only, and it is obvious that any number may be cal- 
culated by multiplying the ingredients of the formula by the 
number of Pills desired. 



2463. Abernethy's Pills. — Aloes 
Socotrine, Extract Hyoscyamus, each 2 
grains, Pill Hydrarg., 1 grain, Ipecac 
f grain. 

2464. Aconitine Pills. — (Amor- 
phus) are made y£^ and ^ grain, each 
with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 

2465. Aconitine Pills (Dequesnels 
Crystallized), are made 5^ to^J-^ grain 
each, with Extract Gentian as an ex- 
cipient. 

2466. Aconite Extract Pills. — 
These may be made %, % or 1 grain, 
or to contain x /% to l / z minim of Tincture 
of Aconite in each. 

2467. Aloes Pills.— The U. S. for- 
mula is equal parts of purified Aloes and 
Soap, to make a 4-grain Pill. The Br. 
P. directs these to be made both from 
Barbadoes and Socotrine Aloes, contain- 
ing about one-half Aloes, one-fourth each 
Soap and Confection of Roses, anil .,'., 
part Oil of Caraway. 

2468. Aloes and Asafetida Pills. — 
The U. S. P. directs purified Aloes, 
Asafetida and Soap, each l 1 /^ grains. 
The Br. P. directs the same propor- 
tions, with the addition of about the 
same quantity of Confection of Roses, 
the dose being 5 to 10 grains. 

2469 Aloes and Iron Pills.— The 
U. S. P. directs purified Aloes, dried 
Sulphate of Iron and Aromatic Powder, 
each one grain, with sufficient Confection 
of Roses to make a mass. The Br. 



formula is Sulphate of Iron 1%. part, 
Barbadoes Aloes 2 parts, Compound 
Powder of Cinnamon 3 parts, Confec- 
tion of Roses 4 parts, the dose being 5 
to 10 grains. Some manufacturers add 
l / 2 grain Extract Conium to each Pill. 

2470. Aloes and Mastic — Lady 
Webster's Dinner Pill. — Purified Aloes 
2 grains, Mastic, Red Rose, each )/ z 
grain in each Pill. This is a favorite 
Dinner Pill. 

2471. Aloes and Myrrh Pills — 
The U. S. formula is purified Aloes 2 
grains, Myrrh 1 grain, Aromatic Pow- 
der ^ grain, mixed with syrup, in each 
pill. The Br. is about the same. 

2472. Aloes, Myrrh and Iron 
Pills. — Socotrine Aloes, Myrrh, each 
2 grains, dried Sulphate of Iron 1 grain, 
in each pill. 

2473. Aloes and Nux Vomica 
Pills. — Socotrine Aloes i]/ z grains, 
Extract Nux Vomica )4 grain, in each 
pill. 

2474. Aloes, Nux Vomica and 
Belladonna Pills.— Add ; s urain Ex- 
tract of Belladonna to the former for- 
mula. 

2475. Aloin Pills.— These Pills are 
made , * grain, 2 grain, ^ on grain of 
Aloin in each, with Extract of Gentian 
as an excipient. 

2476. Aloin Compound Pills. — 
Aloin 'yn j^rain, Podophyllum Js grain, 
Extract Belladonna ){ grain, in each 



684 



PILULE — PILLS. 



pill. Many other compounds are made 
with Aloin and Podophyllin. 

2477. Aloin and Strychnine Pills. 

— Aloin I grain, Strychnine ■£$ grain, 
with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 

2478. Aloin, Strychnine and Bel- 
ladonna Pills. — Add }i grain Extract 
of Belladonna to each pill, made as the 
preceding. 

2479. Alterative Pills. — Ipecac, 
Opium, each y$ grain, Pill Hydrag. 
(Blue Mass), 1 grain in each pill. 

2480. Anderson's (Scot's) Pills. 

— These are generally prepared in this 
country from Aloes 24 parts, Castile 
Soap 4 parts, Colocynth and Gamboge, 
each 1 part, Oil Anise %, part, made 
into 3 grain pills. 

2481. Anti-bilious Pills— Com- 
pound Extract of Colocynth 2^ grains, 
Podophyllin % grain in each. Many 
other similar formulas may be used. 

2482. Anti-Constipation Pills. — 

Juglandin, Leptandrin, each % grain, 
Extract Henbane )/% grain, Strychnine 
j-jj^ grain, in each pill. 

2483. Anti-Chill Pills.— Chinoidin 
1 grain, Oleo-resin, Black Pepper, 1 
grain, Ferrocyanide of Iron 2 grains, 
Arsenious Acid -£§ grain in each. 
Many other similar formulas may be 
used. 

2484. Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. — 

Strychnine -£$ grain, Extract Belladon- 
na, Ipecac, each ^ grain, Blue Mass, 
Extract Colocynth Compound, each 2 
grains in each pill. 

2485. Anti-Periodic Pills.— Sul- 
phate Cinchonidine I grain, Sulphate 
Iron ^ grain, Podophyllin, Gelsemin, 
each 4ts grain, Strychnia -^ grain, Oil 
Capsicum -fa drop, in each pill. 

2486. Anti-Malarial Pills.— Sul- 
phate Quinine 1 grain, Sulphate Cin- 
chonidine 1 grain, Arsenious Acid ^ 
grain, Carbolic Acid % grain, Oil Pep- 



permint }i grain, Capsicum % grain, in 
each pill. 

2487. Anthelmintic Pills.— Santo- 
nine, Calomel, each 1 grain in each 
pill, with confection Senna as an excip- 
ient. 

2488. Aperient Pills.— Extract Col- 
ocynth Compound 2 grains, Extract 
Nux Vomica ^ grain, Extract Hyoscy- 
amus x / z grain in each pill. Many other 
pills may be put up under this name. 

2489. Aphrodisiac Pills. — Extract 
Damiana 2 grains, Extract Nux Vomica 
y$ grain, Phosphorus y^ grain, in each 
pill 

2490. Arsenious Acid Pills. — 
These pills are made -£$, -^, -£$, and ■£$ 
grain, with Excipient or Extract Gen- 
tian in each pill. 

Iodide of Arsenic and other salts of 
Arsenic are made generally about -g^ 
grain in each pill. 

2491. Asafetida Pills. — Asafetida, 
in powder \ x / 2 grain, Castile Soap ^ 
grain in each, well rubbed together to 
form a mass. This makes a 2-grain 
pill. Double the quantities for 4-grain 
pill. Asafetida Pills should be well 
coated with Tolu or Shellac. 

2492. Asafetida Pills Compound, 

or Compound Galbanum Pills.— The Br. 
P. directs Asafetida, Galbanum, Myrrh, 
each 2 parts, Treacle 1 part to make a 
mass, of which 5 to 10 grains is a dose. 

2493. Asafetida and Iron Pills. — 
Asafetida 2 grains, dried .Sulphate of 
Iron 1 grain, in each pill. 

2494. Asafetida and Nux Vomica 

Pills.— Asafetida 3 grains, Extract Nux 
Vomica ^ grain, in each pill. 

2495. Atropine Pills.— These are 
made to contain j^, j^q, or ■£$ grain 
of Atropine with Excipient or Extract 
Gentian in each. 

2496. Belladonna Extract Pills. 

— Pills of Extract of Belladonna are 



PILULE — PILLS. 



685 



made -J v , yi, ]i, and ^ grain, in each 
pill. 

2497. Bismuth Subnitrate Pills. 
These pills are made 3 or 5 grains, with 
excipient, in each pill. Subcarbonate 
of Bismuth is also made into pills the 
same quantity. 

2498. Bismuth and Nux Vomica 
Pills. — Bismuth 2^ grains, Extract 
Nux Vomica % grain, in each pill. 

2499. Bromide of Ammonium, 
Bromide of Potassium, and Bro- 
mide of Sodium Pills are made 5 
grains in each pill, but they are much 
more desirable in the form of elixirs or 
solutions. 

2500. Blue Pill or Pill Hydrarg. 
— This mass is made up into pills y z 
grain, 1 grain, 3 grains, and 5 grains 
each. 

2501. Blue Pill Compound. — Blue 
Mass 1 grain, Opium l / 2 grain, Ipecac 
% grain, in each pill. 

2502. Caffeine Citrate Pills.— Cit- 
rate of Caffeine 1 grain, with excipient 
in each Pill. 

2503. Calcium Sulphide Pills. — 
These Pills are made to mask the dis- 
agreeable odor of this salt. \(j,%,y2,l, 
2 and 3 grains, each with excipient. 

2504. Calomel Pills.— Pills of Cal- 
omel are made fVi i. 1 > 2 > 3 an< 3 5 grains, 
each with excipient. 

2505. Calomel Compound Pills. — 
Compound Pills of Antimony, Plutn- 
vur's Pills. — The U. S. formula is 
Sulphurated Antimony, Calomel each \ 
grain, Resin Guaiac 1 grain, in each 
pill. The Br., Till contains Castor Oil 
also. 

2506. Calomel, Nux Vomica and 
Podophyllin Pills. — Calomel 1 grain, 
Extract Nux Vomica ^ grain, l'odo- 
phyllin y z grain, in each pill. 

2507. Calomel and Opium Pills. — 
Calomel 2 grains, Opium 1 grain, in 
each pill. 



2508. Calomel and Rhubarb Pills. 

— Calomel •/ grain, Extract Rhubarb, 
Compound Extract Colocynth, each % 
grain, Extract Hyoscyamus l /e grain, in 
each pill. 

2509. Camphor Compound Pills. 
— Camphor, Opium, Kino, each 1 grain, 
Capsicum -^ grain, in each pill. 

2510. Camphor Hyoscyamus Pills. 

— Camphor, Extract Henbane, each 1 
grain, in each pill. 

251 1. Camphor, Hyoscyamus and 
Valerian Pills. — Camphor, Henbane 
Extract, each 1 grain, Extract Valerian 
j4 grain, in each pill. 

2512. Camphor Monobromated 
Pills. — These Pills are made with 2 
grains, 3 grains or 5 grains of mono- 
bromated Camphor, in each Pill. 

2513. Camphor and Opium Pills. 

— Camphor 2 grains, Opium 1 grain, in 
each pill. 

2514. Camphor, Opium and Tan- 
nin Pills. — Camphor i%. grains, 
Opium, Tannin, each ^5 grains, in each 
pill. 

2515. Cannabis Indica Extract 
Pills. — These are made %, % and 1 
grain of the Extract in each pill. 

2516. Capsicum Pills. — Capsicum 
1 grain, with Extract Gentian as an ex- 
cipient in each pill. 

2517. Cascara Sagrada Extract. 

— Cascara Sagrada Extract 2 grains, in 
each pill. 

2518. Cathartic Compound Pills. 

— The U. S. formulu is Compound Ex- 
tract of Colocynth 130 grains, Abstract 
of Jalap 100 grains, Mild Chloride of 
Mercury ioograins, Gamboge 25 grains, 
to make 100 pills. 

2519. Cathartic Compound Pills. 
— Active. — Calomel, Powdered Extract 
Colocynth Compound, Gamboge, Cas- 
tile Soap, each '/$ grain, Ipecac, j- grain, 
Socotrine Aloes }4 grain, Rhubarb % 



PILULE — PILLS. 



grain. Capsicum, Podophyllin each y 1 ^ 
grain, in each pill. 

2520. Cathartic Compound Pills. 
— Mild. — Calomel % grain, Colocynth 
Compound % grain, Ipecac ]/(, grain, 
Gamboge, Socotrine Aloes, Rhubarb, 
Capsicum, Castile Soap, each ]A, grain, 
Podophyllin 4$ grain, in each pill. 

2521. Cathartic Compound Im- 
proved Pills. — Extract Colocynth Com- 
pound 1 grain, Extract Jalap yl grain, 
Resin Podophyllin y$ grain, Resin Lep- 
tandrin y% grains, Extract Hyoscya- 
mus % grain, Extract Gentian % grain, 
Oil Peppermint ^ minim, in each pill. 

Several other similar formulas are in 
use. 

2522. Cathartic Vegetable Pills. 
— j Grains. — Compound Extract Colo- 
cynth i]4. grains, Podophyllin y$ grain, 
Leptandrin % grain, Extract Jalap % 
grain, Socotrine Aloes % grain, Extract 
Hyoscyamus % grain, Oil Peppermint 
t^jj minim, in each pill. 

2523. Cerium Oxalate Pills.— 

These are made 1, 2 or 3 grains, with 
Excipient or Extract of Gentian in 
each pill. 

2524. Charcoal Pills.— Willow 
Charcoal 3 grains in each. 

2525. Chinoidin Pills.— These are 
made )4, 1, 2, 3 or 5 grains of purified 
Chinoidin in each. 

2526. Chinoidin Compound Pills. 

— Chinoidin 2 grains, Iron 1 grain, 
Piperin }4 grain, in each pill. 

2527. Cinchona Bark Alkaloids 
Pills. — Sulphate of Quinine, Sulphate 
of Quinidine, Sulphate of Cinchonine, 
Sulphate of Cinchonidine, each % 
grain, in each pill made in a mass with 
excipient. 

2528. Cinchonine Sulphate Pills. 

— These are made iyi, 2, 3 and 5 
grains in each, with excipient. 



2529. Cinchonidine Sulphate 
Plils. — These are made 1, 2, 3, 4 and 
5 grains in each pill, with excipient. 

2530. Coca Extract Pills. — These 
are made 1, 2, or 3 grains of the Ex- 
tract in each pill. 

2531. Cocaine Pills. — These are 
made of the alkaloid and also of the 
hydrochlorate, %, %, and 1 grain in 
each pill. 

2532. Codeine Pills. — These are 
made y 1 ^, yi, %, and % grain of the 
alkaloid with Extract of Gentian as an 
excipient in each pill. 

2533. Colocynth Compound Ex- 
tract Pills. — These are made 3 grains 
of the extract in each pill. 

2534. Colocynth Compound Pills. 
— The Br. P. directs Colocynth Pulp 4 
parts, Barbadoes Aloes 8 parts, Resin 
of Scammony 8 parts, Sulphate of Pot- 
assium 1 part, Oil of Cloves 1 part, to 
be mixed and beat into a mass, of 
which 5 to 10 grains is the dose. Man- 
ufacturers furnish 4 and 5 grain pills of 
this composition. 

2535. Colocynth Compound and 
Blue Mass Pills. — Extract Colocynth 
Compound 3 grains, Blue Mass 2 grains, 
in each pill. 

2536. Colocynth, Ipecac and Blue 
Pills. — Blue Mass, Extract Colocynth 
Compound, each 2 grains, Ipecac ]/(, 
grain, in each pill. 

2537. Colocynth and Hyoscyamus 
Pill.— The Br. P. directs Colocynth 
Compound Pill 2 parts, Extract of Hy- 
oscyamus 1 part, to be made into a 
mass, of which the dose is 5 to 10 grains. 

2538. Colocynth and Podophyllin 
Pill. — Compound Extract of Colo- 
cynth iy 2 grains, Resin of PodophyLin 
% grain, in each pill. 

2539. Colocynth, Hyoscyamus, 
and Blue Mass Pills. — Compound 
Extract of Colocynth 3 grains, Extract 



PILULE — PILLS. 



687 



Hyoscyamus, Blue Mass, each i grain 
in each pill. 

2540. Colocynth, Nux Vomica, 
and Belladonna Pills. — Compound 
Extract of Colocynth 2 grains, Extract 
Nux Vomica %. grain, Extract Bella- 
donna -^j grain, in each pill. 

2541. Conium Extract Pills. — 

Extract of Conium j4 grain, 1 or 2 
grains, in each pill. 

2542. Conium Compound Pills. — 
The Br. P. directs Conium Extract 5 
parts, Ipecac 1 part, to be made into a 
mass with Treacle, of which the dose is 
5 to 10 grains. 

2543. Cook's Pills. — Rhubarb, 
Aloes, each 1 grain, Calomel ^ grain, 
Soap % g ra i n > m eacn Pil'- 

2544. Copaiba Pills. — Solidified 
Copaiba is made up into pills of 3 grains 
each. 

2545. Copaiba and Cubebs Pills. 

— Solidified Copaiba 2 parts and Oleo- 
resin Cubeb 1 part is made up into pills 
of 3 to 5 grains each. It is necessary 
to use some drier, as Magnesia, in mak- 
ing this pill. 

2546. Copaiba Compound Pills. 

— Pill Copaiba, Resin Guaiac, each 1% 
grain, Citrate Iron, Oleo-resin Cubebs, 
each y 2 grain, in each pill. 

2547. Corrosive Sublimate Pills. 

— These may be made T J ff , T V. in, tV- 
or yi grain of the salts, with Extract 
Gentian, in each pill. 

2548. Croton Oil Pills.— Croton 
Oil y 2 grain, Wheat Flour i l / 2 grain in 
each pill, with excipient or some extract. 

2549. Cubebs and Alum Pills.— 
Extract Cubebs 2 grains, Alum 1 grain, 
in each pill. 

2550. Cubebs, Rhatany, and Iron 
Pills.— Kxtract Cubebs i l / 2 grains, 
Extract Rhatany */ 2 grain, Sulphate of 
Iron, 1 grain, in each pill. 



2551. Damiana Extract Pills. — 
These are made 3 to 5 grains of the 
extract in each pill. 

2552. Damiana and Phosphorus 
Compound Pills. — Extract Damiana 
2 grains, Extract Nux Vomica )/% grain, 
Phosphorus y-J-g- grain, in each pill. 

2553. Digitalin Pills. — Digitalin 
■g 1 ^ grain in each pill with Extract of 
Gentian as excipient. 

2554. Digitalis Extract Pills. — 
Digitalis Extract y z grain in each pill. 

2555. Digitalis Compound Pills. 
— Digitalis, Squills, each 1 grain, Ni- 
trate Potassium 2 grains, in each pill. 

2556. Dinner Pills (Chapman's). — 
Aloes, Mastic, each 1%. grain, Ipecac 1 
grain, Oil Fennel -fe grain, in each pill. 

2557. Dinner Pills (Cole's). — Blue 
Pill, Aloes, Jalap, each 1^ grains, Tar- 
tar Emetic ^j grain, in each pill. 

2558. Dinner Pill (Dr. Hall's)— 
Aires Pill Dihde. — Aloes, Liquorice, 
Soap, and Theriaca, each 1 grain in 
each pill. 

2559. Dinner Pill (Lady Web- 
ster's). — Aloes 2 grains, Mastic % 
grain, Rose Leaves yi grain, beat 
together, in each pill. 

2560. Diuretic Pills.— Extract of 
Buchu, Nitrate of Potassium, each 1 
grain, Squill j4 grain, in each pill. 

2561. Elaterium Pills (Clutter- 
buck's). — These are made - 3 J to -fa 
grain each of Elaterium with Extract 
Gentian as an excipient. 

2562. Elaterin Pills.— These are 
prepared ,,',,, to „'„ grain of the neutral 
principle Elaterin in each pill with Ex- 
tract Gentian as an excipient. 

2563. Emmenangogue Pills.— I'.r- 
gotin, Extract Cotton Root, Aloes, 
Iron, each 1 grain, Oil Savin ^ grain, 
in each pill. 

2564. Ergotin Pills. — These are 
made with Ergotin 1, 2, or 3 grains in 



PILUL/E — PILLS. 



each pill. One grain of Ergotin equals 
10 grains of Ergot. 

2565. Ergotin Compound Pills 
(Dr. C. Godson's). — Ergotin 3 grains, 
Extract Cannabis Indica }/(, grain, 
Strychnine u ^ grain, in each pill. 

2566. Eucalyptus Extract Pills. 
— These are made 2 to 4 grains in each 
pill. 

2567. Extract Pills. — Any extract 
can be made up into pills as desired, 
the quantity in the pill being regulated 
according to the medium dose usually 
given of the extract. 

2568. Ferruginous Pills (Blaud's 
Pills). — Sulphate of Iron, dried, Car- 
bonate of Potassium, each in equal 
quantities, made into a mass with pow- 
dered Tragacanth, \)/ 2 or 2^ grains 
each of the Iron and Potassium, in each 
pill. 

2569. Gelsemium Extract Pills. — 
These are made 1 grain each of Gelse- 
mium Extract. 

Gelsemin Pills are made j4 grain 
with Extract Gentian excipient. 

2570. Gentian Extract Compound 
Pills. — Extract Gentian, Aloes, each 7^ 
grain, Rhubarb 1^3 grain, in each pill. 

2571. Gonorrhoea Pills. — Cubebs 
2 grains, Pill Copaiba 1 grain, Sulphate 
Iron Exsic. x / 2 grain, Venice Turpen- 
tine 1% grain, in each pill. 

2572. Grindelia Robusta Extract 
Pills. — These are made 3 grains Ex- 
tract Grindelia, in each pill. 

2573. Guarana Extract Pills.— 
Extract of Guarana or Paullinia 1 or 3 
grains in each pill. 

2574. Helonias Compound Pill.— 
Helonias x /% grain, Caullophyllin j^f 
grain, Vibernin y% grain, Extract 
Mitchella \*4. grain, in each pill. 

2575. Hepatic Pills.— Blue Pill 3 
grains, Extract Colocynth Compound 2 
grains, Extract Belladonna % grain. 



2576. Hooper's Pills.— Barbadoes 
Aloes 1 grain, Sulphate Iron Exsic. y i 
grain, Extract Hellebore, Gum Myrrh, 
Castile Soap, each )i grain, Jamaica 
Ginger l /% grain, Canella Alba l /% grain 
in each pill. 

2 577- Hydrastine Pills. — These 
are made y or 1 grain each of the white 
Alkaloid. 

2578. Hyoscyamus Extract Pills. 
— Extract of Hyoscyamus ^ on grain 
in each pill. 

Hyoscyamine (resinoid) Pills are made 
y grain in each pill. 

Hyoscyamine (alkaloid) Pills are made 
^ and x^ grain and -^ grain in each 
pill. 

2579. Hypophosphites Compound 
Pills. — Hypophosphite of Lime 1 grain, 
Hypophosphite of Soda y grain, Hypo- 
phosphite of Potassium y z grain, Hypo- 
phosphite of Iron y grain, Extract Gen- 
tian )/ 2 grain, in each pill. 

2580. Iodoform Pills. — Iodoform 

1 grain with Extract of Gentian y z grain 
as an excipient in each pill. 

2581. Iodoform and Iron Pills. — 

Iodoform, Iron by Hydrogen each 1 
grain with Extract of Gentian as an ex- 
cipient in each pill. 

2582. Iodoform, Iron and Quinine 
Pills. — Iodoform 1 grain, Protocarb. 
Iron 2 grains, Quinine Sulph. y 2 grain 
in each pill. Other combinations of 
Iodoform are made with Opium, Nux 
Vomica, etc. 

2583. Ipecac Pills. — Ipecac %, y, 
or 1 grain in each pill with excipient. 

2584. Ipecac and Opium Pills, 

Dover s Pills. — Dover's Powder 1 grain, 

iy 2 grains and 5 grains each in each pill. 

A Pill of Ipecac and Opium in which 

2 grains represent the active ingredients 
of 5 grains of Dover's Powder may be 
made with Opium and Ipecac, each y 
grain, Sulphate of Potassium 1 grain, in 
each pill. 



PILUL.E — PILLS. 



2585. Ipecac and Hyoscyamus 
Pills. — Ipecac, Extract Hyoscyamus, 
each 1 grain, in each pill. 

2586. Ipecac and Squill Pills. — 
Dover's Powder 3 grains, Squill, Ammo- 
niac, each 1 grain, with Theriaca as an 
excipient. This is official in the Br. P. 

2587. Irisin Compound Pills.— 
Irisin % grain, Podophyllin j f) - grain, 
Strychnine £$ grain, in each pill. 

2588. Iron by Hydrogen Pills 
(Quevenne's Pills). — These are made 
1 grain, 2 grains or 4 grains of Iron by 
Hydrogen in each pill, with Ext. Gen- 
tian as excipient. 

2589. Iron Bromide Pills. — Brom- 
ide of Iron 3 grains, with Extract Gen- 
tian as excipient in each pill. 

2590. Iron Citrate Pills.— These 
are made 2 or 3 grains of Citrate of 
Iron (not Citrate of Iron and Ammo- 
nium) in each pill. 

2591. Iron Citrate and Cincho- 
nidine Pills. — Citrate of Iron 1 y 2 grain, 
Cinchonidine Sulph. y 2 grain, in each 
pill. These pills are also made 3, 4 or 
5 grains in the same proportion. 

2592. Iron Citrate and Quinine 
Pills. — These are made 1, 2, 3, 4 and 
5 grains of Citrate of Iron and Quinine 
in each pill. 

2593. Iron Citrate and Strych- 
nine Pills. — Citrate of Iron 1 grain, 
Strychnine ..',, grain, in each pill. 

2594. Iron Citrate, Quinine and 
Strychnine Pills. — Citrate of Iron and 
Quinine 1 grain, Strychnine - 1 ,, grain, in 
each pill. 

2595. Iron Ferrocyanide Pills.— 
Ferrocyanide of Iron 3 grains with Ext. 

m as excipient in each pill, 

2596. Iron Iodide Pills.— Blanch- 
artfi I 'ills. — These are made t grain 
of Iodide of Iron in each pill, with 
Extract < rentian as excipient. 



2597. Iron Lactate Pills. — Lac- 
tate of Iron 1 grain in each pill, with 
Extract Gentian as excipient. 

2598. Iron Phosphate Pills. — 

Phosphate of Iron 1, 2, 3 or 5 grains, 
in each pill. 

Many Compounds of Phosphate of 
Iron with other salts and substances are 
made in the same proportion as com- 
binations of Citrate of Iron. 

2599. Iron Proto-Carbonate Pills. 

— Vallefs Pills — These are made of 
Vallet's Mass, 2, 3 or 5 grains. The 
Br. Official Formula for Pill of Carbon- 
ate of Iron is Saccharated Carbonate of 
Iron 4 parts, Confection of Roses 1 
part. 

2600. Iron Sulphate Exsiccated 
Pills. — These are made from dried 
Sulphate of Iron 4 grains, with Extract 
of Gentian as excipient, in each pill. 

2601. Iron Valerianate Pills. — 
Valerianate of Iron 1 grain in each pill, 
with Extract Gentian as excipient. 

2602. Jaborandi Extract Pills. — 
These are made 3 grains of Extract of 
Jaborandi in each pill. 

2603. Jalap Extract Pills.— Ex- 
tract of Jalap 1 grain in each pill. 

2604. Laxative Pills. — Rhubarb 1 
grain, Castile Soap }( grain, Socotrine 
Aloes, y z grain, Myrrh '/$ grain, Ipecac 

,'.. grain, Bircarb. Soda l / z grain, Oil 
Anise -, 1 ., minim, in each pill. 

2605. Leptandrin Pills. — These 
are made %., 1 or 2 grains of Resin 
Leptandrin in each pill. 

2606. Leptandrin Compound Pills. 

— Leptandrin 1 grain, Irisin % grain, 
I'odophyllin ' ,' grain, in each pill. 

2607. Lupulin Pills. — These are 
made 3 grains of Lupulin in each pill. 

2608. Lupulin and Camphor Pills. 
— Lupulin 1 grain, Camphor 1J2 grains, 
in each pill. 



690 



PILUL.E — PILLS. 



2609. Lupulin and Lettuce Pills. 

— Lupulin 1 grain, Extract of Lettuce 
2 grains, in each pill. 

2610. Mandrake Extract Pills. — 
These are made 1 grain of Extract of 
Mandrake in each pill. 

261 1. Mercurial or Blue Pill. — Br. 

Blue Mass — is made with Mercury 2 
parts, Confection of Roses 3 parts, 
Liquorice Root 1 part. Rub the Mer- 
cury with the Confection of Roses until 
Globules of Mercury are no longer vis- 
ible, then add the Liquorice and mix 
the whole well together. 

2612. Mercury Bin-Iodide Pills.— 

These are made with Red Iodide of 
Mercury j^, £g or ^ grain in each pill, 
with Extract Gentian as an excipient. 

2613. Mercury Cyanide Pills. — 
Cyanide of Mercury ^ grain in each 
pill. 

2614. Mercury Proto-Iodide Pills. 

— These are made yi, A, %, y 3 , and l /-, 
grain of Green Iodide of Mercury in 
each pill. 

2615. Mercury with Chalk Pills. 

— These are made yi and 1 grain of 
Hydrarg. cum Creta, in each pill. 

2616. Morphine Pills are made of 
the Acetate, Muriate, Sulphate, and 
Valerianate of Morphine r \, yi, Ye, 
and % grain each, the ' s grain being 
the size more frequently used. 

Morphine is also combined with 
many other salts in the form of pills. 

2617. Morphine Compound Pills. 
(Dr. Hubbard's). — These are made 
with yi, ]/(,, or X grain of Morphine 
Sulphate combined with 2 grains of 
Extract of ilyoscyamus and 1 grain of 
Camphor, in each pill. 

2618. Neuralgia Pills (Brown- 
Sequard). — Extract Belladonna yi 
grain, Extract Stramonium -| grain, Ex- 
tract Cannabis Indica % grain, Extract 
Aconite J/j grain, Extract Opium yi 



grain, Extract Conium 1 grain, Extract 
Ilyoscyamus 73 grain, in each pill. 

With Extract Ignatia add y 2 grain 
Extract Ignatia in each pill. 

2619. Neuralgia Pills (Dr. Gross). 
— Sulphate of Quinine 2 grains, Sulphate 
of Morphine t,\ grain, Powdered Ex- 
tract Aconite j4 grain, Strychnine ■£$ 
grain, Arsenious Acid -^ grain, in each 
pill. 

Without Morphine, omit the Mor- 
phine from above formula. 

2620. Nux Vomica Extract Pills. 
— These are made y± and l / z grain of 
the extract in each pill. 

2621. Opium Pills. — Opium is 
made up into pills of 1 grain each, 
with Soap as an excipient. 

2622. Opium Extract Pills. — 
Aqueous Extract of Opium is made 
into y, %, and 1 grain pills. 

2623. Opium and Acetate of Lead 
Pills. — These pills are made with 1 
grain each Opium and Acetate of Lead 
in each pill, also with ]A grain Opium, 
lyi grain Acetate of Lead, or with 
Acetate of Lead 6 parts, Opium 1 part, 
Confection of Roses 1 part, to make a 
5 grain pill, the latter being the Br. P. 
formula. 

2624. Ox Gall Pills.— Purified Ox 
Gall 2 grains, Ginger 1 grain 

2625. Phosphate Iron, Quinine, 
and Strychnine Pills. — Phosphate of 
Iron 2 grains, Quinine I grain, Strych- 
nine g 1 ^ grain. 

2626. Phosphorus Pills.— The U. 
S. P. directs Phosphorous Pills to be 
made by dissolving 1 grain of Phospho- 
rus in a test tube with 50 grains of puri- 
fied Chloroform, then mix Althcea 80 
grains with Acacia 20 grains in a mor- 
tar, add the dissolved Phosphorus, mix, 
then add Glycerin 40 grains, Water 20 
grains, to make a mass which is to be 
divided into 100 pills. These are then 
to be well coated over with a solution of 



PILUL.-E — PILLS. 



691 



Tolu in stronger Ether. Each pill con- 
tains y^j grain Phosphorus. 

The Br. P. directs 3 grains of Phos- 
phorus and 120 grains of Balsam of 
Tolu to be put into a small mortar 
about half full of hot water, and when 
the Phosphorus has melted and the Bal- 
sam become sufficiently soft they are to 
be well rubbed together until no parti- 
cles of Phosphorus are visible, the 
temperature of the water being main- 
tained to about 6o c C, 140° F. Yellow 
Wax 57 grains is then added and mixed 
with the mass under water, and the 
whole then allowed to cool and be kept 
under water. 

When dispensed, 2 grains of this pro- 
duct is to be rubbed with one grain of 
Soap, a few drops of Alcohol being 
used if necessary to soften the whole. 
Three grains of the mass represents ^ 
grain Phosphorus. 

Washed Tolu is also used as a means 
of dividing Phosphorus, and an excipi- 
ent is made with Phosphorus 24 grains, 
White Wax 60 grains, Venice Turpen- 
tine 156 grains, which contains ten per 
cent, of Phosphorus and is very con- 
venient for making pills. 

Phosphorus Pills are made j^- G , -fa, 
**&• 'sV> ~ia grain each of Phosphorus, 
with Soap, Wax, or other excipient, and 
should be well coated with a varnish of 
Tolu or Shellac. 

2627. Phosphorus Compound 
Pills. — Phosphorus , ,* grain, Extract 
Nux Vomica % grain. 

These are also made Phosphorus ,.\, 
grain, Extract Xux Vomica % grain, or 
Phosphorus -'„ ;<rain, Extract Nux 
Vomica ' s grain, in each pill. 

2628. Phosphorus Compound and 
Iron Pills.— Phosphate of Iron %. 
grain, Phosphorus ,,',,, grain, Extract 
Nux Vomica % grain, in each pill. 

2629. Phosphorus and Extract 
Aconite Pills.— Phosphorus .,'„ grain, 
Extract Aconite ,',. grain, in each pill. 



2630. Phosphorus and Cannabis 
Indica Pills. — Phosphorus J^ grain, 
Extract Cannabis Indica % grain, in 
each pill. 

2631. Phosphorus, Digitalis, and 
Hoscyamus Pills. — Phosphorus -£$ 
grain, Extract Digitalis, Extract Hyos- 
cyamus, each 1 grain, in each pill. 

2632. Phosphorus and Iron Pills. 
— Phosphorus -^ grain, Iron by Hydro- 
gen 2 grains, in each pill. 

2633. Phosphorus, Iron, and Aloes 
Pills. — Phosphorus ■£$ grain, Sulphate 
Iron Exsic. 1% grain, Aloes 1 grain, in 
each pill. 

2634. Phosphorus and Quinine 
Pills. — Phosphorus ^ grain, Sulphate 
Quinine 1 grain, in each pill. 

2635. Phosphorus, Iron, and 
Quinine Pills.— Phosphorus jfo grain, 
Sulphate Quinine 1 grain, Vallet's Mass 
1 grain, in each pill. 

2636. Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine, 
and Nux Vomica Pills.— Phospho- 
rus 1 mi grain, Extract Nux Vomica ]4, 
grain, Vallet's Mass, Quinine Sulphate, 
each 1 grain, in each pill. 

2637. Phosphorus, Iron, Quinine, 
and Strychnine Pills. — Phosphorus 
-^•(f grain, Iron by Hydrogen, Sulphate 
of Quinine, each 1 grain, Strychnine -fa 
grain, in each pill. 

2638. Podophyllin Pills.— These 
are made £, .] , I and 1 grain of Podo- 
phyllin Resinoid in each pill with Extract 
of Mandrake or Gentian as an excipient. 

2639. Podophyllin Compound 
Pills. — Podophyllin I grain, Extract 
Hyoscyamus J grain, Extract Nux Vo- 
mica ,',., grain, in each pill. 

2640. Podophyllin and Blue 
Pills. — Podophyllin jj grain, Blue Mass 
2k grains, in each pill. 

2641. Podophyllin, Capsicum and 
Belladonna Pills. — Podophyllin | 
-rain, Extract Belladonna \ grain, Cap- 
sicum .'. grain, in each pill, 



092 



PILUL/E — PILLS. 



2642. Podophyllin, Colocynth, 
Hyoscyamus and Calomel Pills. — 
Podophyllin, Extract Hyoscyamus, each 
I grain, Compound Extract Colocynth, 
Calomel, each r grain, in each pill. 

2643. Podophyllin and Leptan- 
drin Pills. — Podophyllin ] grain, Lep- 
tandrin 1 grain, in each pill. 

2644. Quinidine Sulphate Pills. 
— These are made 1, 2, or 3 grains with 
excipient in each pill. 

2645. Quinine Bisulphate Pills. 

— These are prepared ^, I, 1, 2, 3, 4, 
or 5 grains in each pill, with excipient. 

2646. Quinine Salts Pills.— Most 
of the Salts of Quinine, except the Sul- 
phate, are made into 1 grain pills only. 
Other sizes can of course be made. The 
Bromide, Carbolate, Salicylate, Sulpho- 
carbolate, Valerianate, etc., are used. 

2647. Quinine Sulphate Pills.— 
Quinine Pills, as they are popularly 
called, are more extensively used than 
any other, except perhaps Cathartic 
Pills. They are made in all sizes, £, ^, 
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 grains of Sulphate of 
Quinine, with excipient in each pill. 

2648. Quinine and Aloes Pills. — 
These contain f grain Quinine Sulph. 
and 1 grain Aloes, in each pill. 

2649. Quinine and Arsenic Pills. 

— Quinine 1 grain, Arsenious Acid -^ 
grain, in each pill. 

2650. Quinine, Arsenic, and 
Strychnine Pills. — Quinine 1 grain, 
Arsenious Acid ^ grain, Strychnine £$ 
grain, in each pill. 

2651. Quinine Compound Pills. — 
Quinine 1 grain. Iron by Hydrogen 1 
grain, Arsenious Acid -fa grain. 

A great many other combinations of 
Quinine with other substances are put 
up, but it is unnecessary to give the 
formulas. 

2652. Rheumatic Pills. — Com- 
pound Extract Colocynth ingrains, Ex- 



tract Colchicum Acet. 1 grain, Extract 
Hyoscyamus J grain, Calomel | grain. 

2653. Rhubarb Pills.— These are 
made either of Powdered Rhubarb or of 
Rhubarb Extract, of various sizes from 
2 to 5 grains each. The U. S. official 
pill is made 3 grains Powdered Rhubarb, 
1 grain soap in each. 

2654. Rhubarb Compound Pills. 

— The U. S. formula is Rhubarb 2 
grains, purified Aloes 1%. grains, 
Myrrh 1 grain, Oil Peppermint ^ grain, 
in each pill. The Br. formula is very 
similar. 

2655. Rhubarb Compound and 
Blue Mass Pills.— Rhubarb Com- 
pound Mass as above 3 grains, Blue 
Pill 2 grains, in each pill. 

2056. Rhubarb Compound and 
Calomel Pills. — Rhubarb Compound 
Mass as above \ x / z grains, Calomel 1 
grain, in each pill. 

2657. Salicin Pills. — These are 
made 2^ and 5 grains of Salicin in 
each pill with excipient. 

2658. Salicylic Acid Pills.— Sali- 
cylic Acid 2^ and 5 grains, in each 
pill. 

2659. Salicylic Acid with Mor- 
phine Pills. — Salicylic Acid 2 l / z grains, 
Morphine y^ grain, also 5 grains Sali- 
cylic Acid, yi grains Morphine, in each 
pill. 

2660. Salol Pills. — These are made 
3 and 5 grains of Salol in each pill. 

2661. Sandal Wood Extract 
Pills. — These are made 1 grain or 2 
grains of Extract of Sandal Wood in 
each pill. 

2662. Sandal Wood Extract Com- 
pound Pills. — Extract Sandalwood, 
Pil. Copaiba, each 1 grain, Extract Cu- 
bebs, Extract Matico, each %, grain. 

2663. Santonin Pills. — These are 
made x / z or 1 grain of Santonin in each 
pill, with Extract Centian as excipient. 



PILUL/E — PILLS. 



693 



2664. Santonine and Calomel 
Pills. — Santonin and Calomel, each % 
grain in each pill. 

2665. Scammony Compound Pills. 
— The Br. P. formula is Resin of Scam- 
mony, Resin of Jalap, Curd Soap, 
Strong Tincture of Gentian, each 1 part, 
made into a mass with Rectified Spirit. 
The dose is 5 to 15 grains. 

2666. Sedative Pills. — Morphine 
Sulphate -fa grain, Ipecac }& grain, 
Camphor £ grain, Extract Hyoscyamus 
1% grains, in each pill 

2667. Silver Nitrate Pills.— Ni- 
trate of Silver % grain, made into a 
mass with Extract of Gentian in each 
pill, or an Excipient of 1 part of French 
Chalk and 2 parts of Petrolatum maybe 
used. 

2668. Silver Nitrate and Opium 
Pills. — Nitrate of Silver and Opium, 
each X grain in each pill. 

2669. Squill Compound Pills. — 

The Br. P. formula is Squill \% part, 
Ginger, Ammoniacum, Hard Soap, each 
1 part, Treacle 2 parts or grains, to 
make a mass of which 5 to 10 grains is 
a dose. 

2670. Strychnine Pills. — These 
are made with Strychnine T } l0 , ,5',,, 4 1 , 
A- A grain Strychnine in each pill, with 
Extract Gentian as excipient. 

2671. Strychnine Compound Pills. 

— Strychnine , ,',„ grain, 1'hosphorus , ,', ,, 
grain, Extract Cannabis Indica ^ grain, 
Ginseng, Carbonate Iron, each 1 grain, 
in each pill. 

2672. Sulphur Iodide Pills. — 
These are made .,'., and ,'„ grain of 
Iodide of Sulphur, with Extract of (ien- 
tian as an excipient. in each pill. 

2673. Sumbul Extract Pills. — 
Extract of Sumbul 1 grain in each pill. 

2674. Syphilitic Pills (Ricord's 
Modified). — Proto-Iodide of Mercury 



Yz grain, Lactucarium, Extract Opium, 
each T J u grain, Extract Conium 1 grain, 
in each pill. 

2675. Tannin Pills — These are 
made 1 or 2 grains of Tannin in each 
pill. 

2676. Tartar Emetic Pills.— 
These are made T ^ 7 , -%$, }i, or }£ 
grain of the salt in each pill, with 
Wheat Flour and excipient. 

2677. Taraxacum Extract Pills. 
Extract of Dandelion 2, 3, or 5 grains 
in each pill. 

2678. Tonic Pills (Dr. Aiken's). 

— Sulphate Quinine 1 grain, Arsenious 
Acid aV grain. Iron by Hydrogen ^ 
grain, Strychnine ■£$ grain, in each pill. 

2679. Triplex Pills. — Aloes 2 
grains, Blue Mass 1 grain, Podophyllin 
/+ grain, in each pill. 

2680. Valerian Extract Pills. — 
These are made 3 grains in each pill. 

2681. Veratrine Pills.— These are 
made j; 1 „ to .J.,- grain of Veratrine in each 
pill, with Extract Gentian excipient. 

2682. Zinc Oxide Pills. — Oxide of 
Zinc l /i grain, with excipient, in each 
pill. 

2683. Zinc Phosphide Pills. — 
These are made ]/(,, %, and % grain of 
Phosphide of Zinc in each pill, with 
excipient. 

2684. Zinc Phosphide and Nux 
Vomica Pills. — Phosphide of Zinc ,'„ 
grain, Extract Nux Vomica % grain, in 
each pill. 

2685. Zinc Phosphide, Nux Vo- 
mica and Quinine Pills. — Add 1 
grain Quinine Su'phate to each pill as 
made by the above formula. 

2686. Zinc Valerianate Pills. — 
Valerianate of Zinc 1 grain or 2 grains 

in each pill. 



PIX — PITCH. 



PIX — PITCH. 

Several preparations, consisting of resinous or bituminous 
substances, prepared in various ways, are known as Pitch. 
They are similar to but more plastic than resins. 

2688. Pix Burgundica — Burgundy Pitch. — A prepared concrete resin- 
ous exudation from Abies Excelsa, containing a small quantity of terpene, 
C 10 H ]6 , a little water, but composed mainly of resin. It is used chiefly in 
making plasters and chewing gum. 

2689. Pix Canadensis — Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch. — The prepared 
resinous exudation of Abies Canadensis, consisting mainly of resins, with a 
little terpene and water. The resinous exudate from hemlock trees is collected 
and boiled in water, and the mass which rises to the surface strained while 
hot, the strained product being Hemlock Pitch or Hemlock Gum, which is 
used chiefly for making plasters. 

2690. White Pine Pitch. — The pitchy substance which exudes from pine 
trees when cut or tapped. When first obtained it is soft and semi-liquid, 
and commonly known as Pitch. When exposed it hardens, and is known in 
pharmacy as Turpentine or White Pine Turpentine or Gum (see 2424). The 
soft pitch is frequently used in making plasters and ointments. 

2691. Pix Liquida — Liquid Pitch or Tar. — The empyreumatic Oleo- 
resin obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pinus Palustris, 
is known as Pine Tar, which is official. Many other varieties of tar are ob- 
tained from the destructive distillation of other wood, as Birch Tar, Juniper 
Tar, etc. Tar is usually obtained as a by-product of charcoal manufacture 
or the manufacture of Acetic Acid from wood. It consists of volatile pro- 
ducts, as Oil of Tar, Creasote, etc., which are vaporized by heat, leaving a 
black mass, solid when cool, and known as Black Pitch, which is used some- 
times in plasters and as an ingredient in shoemaker's wax, etc. 

2692. Coal Tar — Coal Tar is a residue left after the dry distillation of 
Coal in the making of illuminating gas. It is extensively used in the arts for 
various purposes, and in chemistry and pharmacy is the source of a great 
number of important products. The more important of these products have 
been mentioned under other headings, as Acid Carbolic or Phenol, Benzol, 
Aniline, etc. 

When Coal Tar is distilled and the product rectified, the lighter products 
which first come over are separated as a brown, oily liquid, known as Light 
Oil, and consisting of Benzol, C 6 H B , toluol, C 7 H 6 , Xylol, C 8 H 10 , and 
several other similar substances. Then a black liquid, which is called Dead 
Oil, is distilled, which contains aniline, napthaline, C 10 H 8 , phenol, anthracen, 
and some other substances. The residue which is not volatilized is a Pitch, 
known as Asphalt, which constitutes about two-thirds of the original volume 
of coal tar. 



PLATINUM. PLUMBUM — LEAD. 695 

PLATINUM. 

Symbol, PL; Atomic weight, 194.4; Sp. gr., 21.5. 

Platinum most nearly resembles gold of any of the metals, 
and is sometimes called zvhite gold. It is a grayish-white metal, 
one of the heaviest substances known, and is chiefly obtained 
from alluvial soils in the form of small grains or small rolled 
masses associated with other metals. Its rarity makes it as 
expensive as gold, and it is used only to a limited extent in 
the arts, and scarcely at all in pharmacy and medicine, but in 
chemistry its uses are important. 

Platinum Black is platinum in a very fine state of division, 
and is used for electrical and chemical tests, it having the 
power of absorbing oxygen and then imparting it to other 
combustible substances, thus causing their oxidation. 

2693. Platini Chloridum — Chloride of Platinum. — This 
is the only official Salt of Platinum, and is used only in a test 
solution. It is made by dissolving Platinum in Nitro-hydro- 
chloric Acid to saturation, and then evaporating the solution 
to dryness. 

Like Gold, Platinum forms double salts with Chloride of 
Ammonium, Chloride of Sodium, and Chloride of Potassium. 
They may be made in the same manner as Chloride of Gold 
and Sodium (252). 

2694. Spongy Platinum, or Platinum Sponge, is made by 
heating Ammonio-chloride of Platinum to redness, by which 
the other salts are volatilized, leaving the Platinum in spongy 
form. 

2695. Oxides of Platinum.— With Oxygen, Platinum forms two Oxides: 
Platinous Oxide, i'10., and Plaiinic Oxide, P10„. 



PLUMBUM- LEAD. 

Symbol, Pb ; Atomic weight, 206.5; Sp. gr. 11.45. 

Lead is a soft, bluish elementary metal, similar in chemical 
characteristics to Copper, Silver, and Mercury, but widely differ- 
ing from them in physical properties. It is obtained chiefly from 



696 PLUMBUM — LEAD. 



the native sulphide, Galena, or lead ore, in which it is often asso- 
ciated with silver and other metals in small proportion. The 
Galena is roasted in reverberatory furnaces to drive off the 
sulphur, and the residue smelted with coal and lime, the lead 
being drawn off and cast into "pigs." 

Metallic Lead is largely employed for industrial purposes, 
but its salts only are used in pharmacy and medicine. 

The following are the Salts of Lead official in the pharma- 
copoeias : 

2696. Plumbi Acetas. 

Acetate of Lead, Sugar of Lead. 
Pb(C 2 H 3 3 ) 3 . 3 H 2 0. 

The U. S. P. gives no process for preparing it. The Br. V. 

directs : 

Oxide of Lead, in fine powder, ... 24 ounces av. 
Acetic Acid, a sufficiency, about . . 38 fl. ounces. 
Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Acetic Acid and Water, add the Oxide of Lead, 
and dissolve with the aid of a little heat, filter, evaporate till 
a pellicle forms, and set aside to crystallize, first adding a little 
Acetic Acid should the fluid not have a distinctly acid reaction. 
Drain and dry the crystals on filtering paper without heat. 

Uses. — The commercial salt is impure and should not be 
used medicinally, but is extensively employed in the arts, 
especially as a mordant for dyeing. The pure salt is a sedative 
and astringent. It is used internally in the form of pills and 
powders, in doses of 1 to 3 grains ; and externally in solution 
and other forms of application. 



2697. Plumbi Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Lead, White Lead. 

(PbC0 3 ) 2 .Pb(HO) 2 . 

This salt is manufactured on a large scale for paint and other 
purposes by exposing lead in thin discs to the action of Acetic 



PLUMBUM — LEAD. 697 



Acid, Carbon Dioxide and the atmosphere. For medicinal 
use it should be purified. 

Uses. — Commercial White Lead is extensively used in the 
arts for painting and other purposes. In medicine it is used 
in the form of an ointment, and suspended in water for exter- 
nal application. 



2698. Plumbi Iodidum. 

Iodide of Lead. 

Pbl 2 . 

The Br. P. directs this salt to be made as follows : 

Nitrate of Lead, 4 ounces av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 4 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Lead by the aid of heat in 30 ounces 
of Water, and the Iodide of Potassium in 10 ounces of Water, 
and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash 
it with distilled water, and dry it in a warm place. 

Uses. — This salt is used in pharmacy for preparing oint- 
ment and plaster, and sometimes suspended in water as an 
application. 



2699. Plumbi Nitras. 

Nitrate of Lead. 

Pb(NO s ) 2 . 

No formula for this preparation is official, but it may be 
made by adding Oxide of Lead to Nitric Acid, diluted with 
an equal quantity <>f water, heating and dissolving the Oxide 
to it uration in the liquid, then filtering and concentrating by 
evaporation and crystallizing. 

Uses. — This salt is used in solution as an external applica- 
tion, and for making hair restoratives is preferable to the Ace- 
tate, as it has a less disagreeable odor. 



698 PLUMBUM — LEAD. 



2700. Plumbi Oxidum. 

Oxide of Lead, Litharge. 
PbO. 

This is Oxide of Lead which has been rendered semi-crystal- 
line by incomplete fusion, and is hence called Semi-vitrous 
Oxide of Lead. 

It may be prepared in a small way by heating Nitrate of 
Lead in a platinum crucible until all its acid has been driven 
off; but, commercially, it is a by-product of extracting silver 
from lead ore. 

Uses. — Oxide of Lead is a working basis for many of the 
lead salts, and is used in making plasters and solutions for 
external use. 



Other Salts of Lead. 

Besides the official Salts of Lead which have been described, 
several others are occasionally used in pharmacy. 

2701. Arseniate of Lead — Pb 3 (As0 4 ) 2 — Made by gradually adding a 
solution of Acetate of Lead to a solution of Arseniate of Sodium, collecting, 
washing, and drying the precipitate. As an application to cancers and 
malignant ulcers. 

2702. Bromide of Lead — PbBr 2 . — By adding a solution of Acetate of 
Lead to a solution of Bromide of Potassium, collecting and washing the 
precipitate. Uses similar to Iodide of Lead. 

2703. Chloride of Lead — PbCl 3 . — By adding gradually to a solution of 
Acetate of Lead in water Hydrochloric Acid as long as a precipitate is 
formed, then collecting and drying, or by adding a solution of common salt 
to the solution of Acetate of Lead. 

2704. Chromate of Lead — PbCr0 4 . — By adding a solution of Acetate of 
Lead gradually to a solution of Bichromate of Potassium and collecting the 
precipitate. This is a pigment known as Chrome Yellow, Lemon Yellow, 
Leipsic or Paris Yellow. 

2705. Bichromate of Lead, which is known as Chrome Orange or 
Chrome Red. is made by adding Potassa to the Solution of Bichromate of 
Potassium before adding the Solution of Acetate of Lead. 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 699 



2706. Cyanide of Lead — PbCy g . — By adding Hydrocyanic Acid to a 
Solution of Acetate of Lead as long as a precipitate is formed, and collect- 
ing the same. 

2707. Oxides of Lead. — Besides the official Oxide of Lead (Litharge), 
Binoxide of Lead, Pb0 2 , is made by treating Red Lead wiih Nitric Acid 
and collecting the undissolved powder, and Red Oxide of Lead ox Red Lead, 
Pb 3 4 , is made by heating Massicot or unfused Oxide of Lead to a dull red 
heat in contact with the air until it is converted into a bright red powder. 
This is also called Minium. 

2708. Saccharate of Lead.— By adding a Solution of Saccharic Acid to 
a Solution of Acetate of Lead as long as a precipitate is formed and collect- 
ing the same. 

2709. Sulphate of Lead — PbS0 4 . — By dissolving Nitrate of Lead in 
Water, adding Sulphuric Acid as long as a precipitate is formed, then collect- 
ing the precipitate. 

2710. Tannate of Lead. — By precipitating a Solution of Acetate of Lead 
with a Solution of Tannin and collecting the precipitate. 

Some other important salts of lead are known, but they are made in the 
same general manner as the foregoing. 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 

Symbol, K; Atomic weight, 39; Sp. gr., 0.865. 

Potassium is one of the group of four elementary substances 
(Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, and Ammonium) which, on 
account of their marked, positive characteristics, are called the 
Alkali-metals. It was first isolated and described by Sir H. 
Davy in 1807, and is now chiefly obtained from its carbonate 
by heating it to a high degree with charcoal, in a retort, when 
it distills over and is condensed in Naphtha, cooled by ice. It 
is so readily oxidized that it must be preserved under naphtha 
or sunn- other hydrocarbon. In water it burns violently and 
exposed to air is soon converted into an oxide, and its other 
properties and characteristics arc similar to the Alkali-metals 
in general. 

Potassium is tin- basis of a great variety of salts which are 
formed by its union with acids and negative elements. They 



700 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 

are as a class very soluble and are of great value in the indus- 
trial arts and in pharmacy and medicine. Potassium derives 
its name from Potash, the chief source of the Potassium salts. 
Potash was formerly made by evaporating the lye which is 
obtained by percolating or lixivating wood ashes, but is now 
chiefly obtained by decomposing native impure Chloride of 
Potassium, obtained from mines in Germany. The salts of 
Potassium are either Alkaline, neutral, or acid according to the 
proportions in which they are combined. In German phar- 
macy they are called Kalium salts. The official salts of Potas- 
sium constitute a large class, and are as follows : 



271 1. Potassa. 

Caustic Potash or Potassa, Hydrate of Potassium. 

KHO. 

This is prepared by evaporating Solution of Potassa rapidly 
in a clean iron vessel until an oily fluid remains which will 
solidify on cooling. It is then poured into cylindrical molds 
to form " sticks," which, while still warm, are put into dry bot- 
tles and tightly sealed. It is sometimes made in the form of 
powder by stirring while cooling. 

Uses. — This is used chiefly as a caustic for morbid growths, 
excrescences, warts, etc., and in pharmacy may be used for pre- 
paring Liquor Potassa (which see) and many salts and prepar- 
ations of Potassium. 

2712. Potassa cum Calce. 

Potassa with Lime. 

Potassa, 50 parts or 1 ounce. 

Lime, 50 parts or 1 ounce. 

Rub them together in a mortar so as to form a powder and 
keep in a well-stopped bottle. 

Uses. — This is used as a caustic, the same as Potassa, but 
is milder and slower in its action. Being in powder it is some- 
times more convenient. 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 701 



2713. Potassa Sulphurata. 

SidpJiuratcd Potassa. 

Sublimed Sulphur, 1 part or 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Potassium, ... 2 parts or 2 ounces. 

Rub the Carbonate of Potassium, previously dried, with the 
Sulphur, and heat the mixture gradually in a covered crucible 
until it ceases to swell and is completely melted. Then pour 
the liquid on a marble slab and when solidified and cold put 
into well stopped bottles. This is also known as Liver of 
Sulphur, and possesses a very disagreeable odor like rotten 
eggs. 

Uses. — It is sometimes given internally as an alterative and 
used externally in solution for skin diseases or parasites. It 
is used by barbers for removing Nitrate of Silver stains. 

2714. Potassii Acetas. 

Acetate of Potassium. 



This may be made most conveniently by adding to pure 
Acetic Acid crystals of Bicarbonate of Potassium as long as 
effervescence ensues, then adding a very small quantity of acid 
and cautiously evaporating to dryness in a porcelain dish by 
means of a sand-bath. 

Uses. — This is given as a diuretic, especially in derange- 
ments of the kidneys and bladder, and in rheumatic affections, 
in doses 10 to 60 grains. 



2715. Potassii Bicarbonas. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium. 

KHCO3. 

This salt may be made by passing a current of Carbonic- 
Acid Gas through a strong solution of Carbonate of Potassium 



702 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 



until it is entirely saturated, then filtering the liquid and evap- 
orating at a temperature below y\° C. (160 F.) that it may not 
be decomposed, and crystallizing when sufficiently concen- 
trated. 

Commercially, crude Bicarbonate of Potassium, which is 
called Salceratus, is prepared by suspending a solution of Car- 
bonate of Potassium contained in an open vessel in the fer- 
menting tuns of a brewery, thus utilizing the Carbonic Acid 
gas produced. When the solution is saturated it is evaporated 
to dryness. 

Uses. — Bicarbonate of Potassium in crystals is largely used 
in Pharmacy as a source of other Potassium Salts. It is less 
irritating than the carbonate, and is therefore administered in- 
ternally when an alkaline Salt of Potassium is desired as an 
antacid, etc. The dose is from 10 to 30 grains. 



2716. Potassium Bichromas. 

BicJir ornate of Potassium. 



This is obtained from Chrome Iron Ore by first roasting the 
ore, then powdering, mixing with Carbonate of Potassium and 
chalk, and heating the mixture to a high temperature in the 
air. Ferric Oxide and Chromic Acid are produced, the latter 
combining with the Carbonate of Potassium and forming neu- 
tral Chromate of Potassium with evolution of Carbonic 
Dioxide. 

The Solution of Neutral Chromate of Potassium, which is 
obtained by lixivation with Water, is then treated with Sul- 
phuric or Nitric Acid, and the salt crystallized from the 
solution. 

Uses. — This salt, which is also known as Red Chromate of 
Potassium, is used in pharmacy for making several preparations 
and as a test-solution. The dose internally is ^ to 4- grain in 
solution. It is also extensively used in dyeing. 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 703 



2717. Potassii Bitartras. U. S. 

Potassii Tartras Acida, Br. — Bitartrate of Potassium, U. S. 
Acid Tartrate of Potassium, Br. — Cream of Tartar. 

KHC 4 H 4 O fi . 

This is an acid salt of Potassium prepared from Crude Tar- 
tar or Argots, which is deposited in wine casks during the fer- 
mentation of grape juice. 

Uses. — Cream of Tartar is extensively used as the acid 
basis of Baking Powder and for other culinary purposes. In 
medicine it is considerably employed as a mild acid and laxa- 
tive in doses of ]/> to 4 drachms. 

2718. Tartaric Acid — H a C 4 H 4 G . — This is the acid of Cream of Tar- 
tar, prepared by dissolving 45 ounces av. of Cream of Tartar in 2^ gallons 
of boiling Water, adding \z l / 2 ounces av. of prepared chalk, and when effer- 
vescence has ceased 13^ ounces av. of Chloride of Calcium dissolved in 2^ 
pints of Water. 

When the Tartrate of Calcium thus found has subsided pour off the liquid 
and wash the precipitate with Water until tasteless. Then mix 13 fl. ounces 
of Sulphuric Acid with 60 ounces of Water, pour upon the precipitate, mix 
thoroughly and boil for half an hour, with repeated stirring, and filter through 
calico. Evaporate the filtrate at a low temperature until it acquires the sp. 
gr. of 1. 2i. Allow to cool, separate and reject the crystals of Sulphate of 
Calcium which form, then evaporate the remaining liquor until a film forms 
on the surface, and allow it to cool and crystallize. Finally, purify the crys- 
tals obtained by dissolving, tillering, and recrystallizing. 

This acid is used in making the Tartrate salts and for other purposes. 



2719. Potassii Bromidum. 

Bromide of Potassium. 

KBr. 

The Br. Official process is to add 2 ounces av. of Bromine in 

sive portions to 1 pint 1 Imperial 1 of Solution of Potash 

and evaporate to dryness, then mix the powder with wood 

charcoal in fine powder 1 ounce av., throw, in small quantities 

at a time, into a red-hol Crucible and when all is fused pour 



704 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 



out, and when cooled dissolve in 15 fl. ounces of boiling Dis- 
tilled Water, filter, evaporate and crystallize. 

Another process is to decompose a solution of Bromide of 
Iron with Carbonate of Potassium, Carbonate of Iron being 
precipitated and the solution, which contains Bromide of'Po- 
tassium, filtered, concentrated and crystallized. 

Uses. — Bromide of Potassium is one of the most valuable 
salts used in medicine. It is employed as a nervine and seda- 
tive in doses of 20 to 60 grains. 



2720. Potassii Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Potassium — Sal Tartar. 

(K 2 C0 3J2 . 3 H 2 0. 

This salt is obtained from commercial PcarlasJi (impure Car- 
bonate of Potash) by dissolving it in an equal weight of cold 
Water, " allowing to stand a day or two, filtering the solution 
and evaporating the filtrate by gentle heat until it thickens, 
then removing it from the fire and stirring it constantly with 
an iron spatula until it is in the form of a granular salt, which 
is known familiarly as " Salts of Tartar." 

Uses. — This is considerably used as a basis of other Potas- 
sium Salts and internally as an antacid, and externally in some 
ointments and lotions. The dose is 5 to 15 grains largely dil- 
uted. One ounce in 1 gallon of Water makes the Shampoo 
Liquid used by barbers. 

2721. Potassii Chloras. 

Chlorate of Potassium. 



The Br. P. directs this to be made by mixing 20 ounces of 
Carbonate of Potassium with 53 ounces of slacked Lime, trit- 
urating with a few ounces of Water to make the mixture 
slightly moist, and putting in a carboy ; then generating Chlo- 
rine Gas from 80 ounces of Black Oxide of Manganese and 24. 
pints (Imperial) of Hydrochloric Acid with 6 pints (Imperial) 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 705 



of Water, heated in a retort, on a sand-bath, and conducting 
the gas thus generated into the carboy containing the mixture 
of Carbonate of Potassium and Lime until all has passed over. 
The contents of the carboy are then removed and boiled for 
20 minutes with 7 pints (Imperial) of Water, then filtered and 
the solution evaporated and crystallized. The product is puri- 
fied by recrystallization. 

Uses. — -Chlorate of Potassium is extensively used as a 
source of Oxygen and in pyrotechnics. In medicine, it is used 
for sore throat, scarlet fever, etc., in doses of 2 to 20 grains. 
It is quite popular in the form of lozenges and tablets. 

2722. Potassii Citras. 

Citrate of Potassium. 
K 3 C c H g 7 .H 2 0. 

This salt is conveniently made by adding Bicarbonate of 
Potassium to a strong Solution of Citric Acid until it no 
longer effervesces, then filtering the solution and evaporating 
to dryness. 

The Br. P. directs 8 ounces or a sufficiency of Carbonate of 
Potassium, 6 ounces or a sufficiency of Citric Acid, and 40 
fl. ounces of Water. The Acid is to be dissolved in the Water 
and enough Carbonate of Potassium added to make the solu- 
tion neutral, then filtered and evaporated to dryness. 

Uses.— This salt is considerably used in elixirs and other 
preparations and in medicine as a diaphoretic and refrigerant, 
to 20 grains. 

2723. Potassii Cyanidum. 

Cyanide of Potassium. 

KCN. 

This may be prepared according to the Br. P. process by 
healing Ferrocyanide of Potassium at a red heat until gas 
ceases to be evolved, allowing the sediment to subside in the 
still molten mass, and pouring off the clear fluid. This is 



706 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 

called fused Cyanide of Potassium. If desired to be purified, 
it may be dissolved in spirit, the solution filtered and concen- 
trated by evaporation, and then crystallized. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this is used in making several prepara- 
tions and in medicine it is employed as a sedative the same as 
Hydrocyanic Acid, in doses of \% of a grain or less. 



2724. Potassii et Sodii Tartras. U. S. 

Tartrate of Pot as shun and Sodium — RocJicllc Salts. U. S. 
Soda- Tartarata — Tartratcd Soda. Br. 

KNaC 4 H 4 6 4H 2 0. 

This is made by dissolving 12 ounces av. of Carbonate of 
Sodium in 5 pints of boiling water, adding 16 ounces av. of 
Bitartrate of Potassium (Cream of Tartar) to the solution, 
boiling for a few moments, and then testing to see if the solu- 
tion is neutral, and adding a little of either of the salts to make 
it so if it is not. It is then evaporated until a pellicle begins 
to form, and set aside to crystallize. 

Uses. — Rochelle Salt is usually powdered for convenient 
use, and is employed in pharmacy for making Seidlitz Powders, 
and in medicine is much used as a laxative and cathartic. 
The dose is from 



2725. Potassii Ferrocyanidum. 

Ferrocyanide of Potassium — Yellow Prussiate of Potash. 
K 4 Fe(CN) c . 3 H 3 0. 

This is obtained by heating refuse animal substances, such 
as horns, hoofs, skins, etc., with Crude Potash in an iron kettle, 
then lixivatingor percolating the mass with hot water, treating 
with freshly precipitated Carbonate of Iron, filtering the solu- 
tion, concentrating and crystallizing. 

Uses. — This salt is considerably used for dyeing, and as a 
test for ferric salts, with which it forms a blue color (Ferro- 
cyanide of Iron). 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 707 

2726. Potassii Hypophosphis. 

Hypophosphite of Potassium. 
KH 2 P0 3 . 
This salt is prepared by boiling a Solution of Potassa and 
Phosphorus together, then treating with Carbonic Acid gas 
to neutralize the excess of Potassa,* evaporating to dryness, 
dissolving out the Hypophosphite of Potassium with Alcohol, 
and evaporating to a granular powder. It is also made by 
double decomposition between Hypophosphite of Calcium and 
Carbonate of Potassium in solution. 

Uses. — This salt is combined with other Hypophosphites 
in solutions and syrups. It is very deliquescent. 

2727. Potassii Iodidum. 

Iodide of Potassium. 
KI. 

The U. S. P. gives no formula for the preparation of this 
salt, but the Br. P. directs : 

Solution of Potash, Br., . . 1 gallon, Imperial. 

Iodine, a sufficiency, about . .21 ounces av. 
Wood Charcoal, in fine powder, . 3 ounces av. 
Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Put the Solution of Potash into a glass or porcelain vessel 
and add Iodine in small quantities at a time, with constant 
agitation, until the solution acquires a permanent brown tint. 
Evaporate the whole to dryness in a porcelain dish, pulverize 
the residue and mix it intimately with the Charcoal, throw 
the mixture, a small quantity at a time, into a red hot crucible 
and when all has been brought to a state of fusion pour out 
the contents. When cooled dissolve it in 2 pints (Imperial) of 
Boiling Distilled Water, filter the liquid through paper, add a 
little Boiling Distilled Water through the filter, evaporate the 
liquid till a film forms on the surface, and set aside to crys- 
tallize, drain and dry the crystals in a warm place. 

In a commercial way other methods are employed which are 
more economical. 



708 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 

Uses. — Iodide of Potassium is one of the most valuable 
medicinal salts. It is employed as the source of other Iodides 
by double decomposition, and in medicine as an alterative and 
absorbent in scrofula, syphilis, rheumatism, dropsy, etc., and 
externally in lotions, ointments, and other forms. The dose 
of this salt is from 2 to 20 grains, or much more in solution. 

2728. Potassii Nitras. 

Nitrate of Potassium — Saltpetre — Sal Nitre — ■ Nitre. 
KNO3. 

This salt is obtained in some parts of the world as a natural 
product, but is chiefly made by the process of Nitrification. 
Earth, wood ashes, animal and vegetable refuse, sewage, etc., 
are mixed together in what are called nitre beds, and by the 
action of the peculiar ferment which causes nitrification nitre 
is produced. It is now a well-established fact that nitre is the 
product of living organisms acting upon appropriate materials. 
The mixed soils, etc., of the nitre beds, after standing for a long 
time, are lixivated with water, and the crude Nitre which is 
obtained by evaporating the liquid, purified and crystallized, in 
which form it appears in the market. 

Uses. — In the arts Nitre is extensively employed as an in- 
gredient of gunpowder and pyrotechnics. In medicine it is 
used as a diuretic and diaphretic in doses of 5 to 20 grains, 
and also used externally in solution. 

Sal Prunelle is fused Nitrate of Potassium cast in the form 
of balls about the size of small marbles. 

2729. Potassii Permanganas. 

Permanganate of Potassium. 
K 2 Mn 2 8 . 
The U. S. P. gives no process for making this salt, but the 
Br. P. directs : 

Caustic Potash, 5 ounces av. 

Black Oxide of Manganese, ... 4 ounces av. 

Chlorate of Potassium, 3^ ounces av. 

Distilled Water, 43 fl. ounces. 

Carbonic Acid, a sufficiency. 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 709 



Reduce the Chlorate of Potassium to a fine powder and mix 
it with the Oxide of Manganese ; put the mixture in a porce- 
lain basin and add to it the Caustic Potash previously dissolved 
in 4 fl. ounces of Water, evaporate to dryness on a sand-bath, 
stirring well to prevent spurting. Powder the product and 
place the powder in a covered crucible, exposing it to a dull 
red heat for an hour or until it has assumed a semi-fluid condi- 
tion. Let cool, powder it, and boil with 30 fl. ounces of Water, 
let the insoluble matter decant, pour off the liquid, boil the 
sediment again with 10 fl. ounces of Water, pour off the liquid 
and add to that previously reserved, saturate with Carbonic 
Acid gas and evaporate until a pellicle forms on the surface, 
then set aside to cool and crystallize ; drain the crystalline 
mass, boil it in 6 ounces of Water, strain through a little as- 
bestos in a funnel, again crystallize, drain the crystals and dry 
them under a bell jar over a vessel containing Sulphuric Acid. 

Uses. — This salt is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and 
oxidizing agent. It is given internally in small doses in solution 
and applied externally to putrescent or gangrenous wounds, 
sores, ulcers, etc. 

2730. Potassii Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Potassium. 

K 2 S0 4 . 

Sulphate of Potassium is produced as a by-product of the 

manufacture of several other more important salts. It may 

be made by decomposing Nitrate of Potassium with Sulphuric 

Acid. 

Uses. — In pharmacy this salt has been mainly used in mak- 
ing Powder of Ipecac and Opium, in which it acts as a dilutent. 

2731. Potassii Sulphis. 

Sulphite of Potassium — Neutral Potassium Sulphite. 

K,S() :; .jII 2 0. 

This salt, which is official in the U. S. P., is made by passing 

a current of Sulphurous Acid gas through a concentrated 

Solution of Carbon, it'- of Potassium until the Carbonic Acid 



710 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 



gas is expelled and the liquid is strongly acid, then adding an 
equal weight of Carbonate of Potassium, evaporating and 
crystallizing, making Neutral Potassium Sulphite. 

Uses. — This salt is given in doses of 10 to 60 grains as an 
anti-ferment in bowel troubles, etc., and is sometimes used to 
prevent fermentation in juices, etc. 

2732. Potassii Tartras. 

Tartrate of Potassium — Neutral Tartrate of Potassium. 

(K 2 C 4 H 4 6 ) 2 .H 2 0. 

The U. S. P. gives no formula, but the Br. P. directs : 

Acid Tartrate of Potassium 

(Cream Tartar), . . .20 ounces or a sufficiency. 
Carbonate of Potassium, . 9 ounces or a sufficiency. 
Boiling Distilled Water, . 50 ounces. 

Dissolve the Carbonate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
Cream Tartar a little at a time, and if, after a few minutes' 
boiling, the liquid is not neutral to test-paper, make it so by 
the careful addition of more of the Carbonate or Cream Tar- 
tar ; then filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms and set aside to 
crystallize. This is known as Neutral Tartrate, and Cream of 
Tartar is known as Acid Tartrate of Potassium. 

Uses. — This is used as a laxative in small doses and as a 
purgative in doses of ^ to 1 ounce. It is used in making 
Fehling's Solution. 

Other Potassium Salts. 

The foregoing official Salts of Potassium are all that are 
used to any extent in Pharmacy and Medicine, but a number 
of others are prepared and sometimes called for, the more im- 
portant being as follows: 

2 733- Antimoniates of Potassium. — The Acids of Antimony combine 
with Potassium the same as other Acids forming normal or neutral and Acid 
Salts. 

Antimoniate of Potassium — KSbO s . — Is the normal Salt produced by 
heating 1 part of Metallic Antimony with 4 parts of Nitrate of Potassium in 



POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 711 

a crucible, washing the powdered mass with Water, boiling it with Water for 
an hour or two, which converts a portion of it into a soluble salt, obtained by 
filtering the solution and evaporating to dryness. 

Acid Antimoniate of Potassium — K 2 Sb 4 1 1 . — May be made by passing a 
current of Carbonic Acid gas through the normal Salt. Acid Metantimoniate 
of Potassium is also prepared and used as a test for Sodium. 

2734. Arseniate of Potassium — KH 3 As0 4 . — Heat Arsenious Acid 
(Anhydride) and Nitrate of Potassium, each in powder, 1 part in a glass flask 
to dull redness until the mixture fuses and red vapors cease to be evolved. 
Dissolve the residue when cold in 50 parts of boiling Distilled Water, filter, 
concentrate the solution by evaporation and crystallize. Dose T 1 ^ to l /% grain 
in solution. 

2735. Bisulphate of Potassium — KHS0 4 . — This is the residue left in 
the retort after preparing Nitric Acid from Nitrate of Potassium and Sul- 
phuric Acid. 

2736. Bisulphite of Potassium — KHS0 3 .— By passing an excess of Sul- 
phurous Acid Gas into a concentrated solution of Carbonate of Potassium. 

2737. Borate of Potassium— K 4 B 4 O s . — By heating equal parts of dry 
Carbonate of Potassium and Boric Acid in powder in a covered crucible, dis- 
solving the sublimed mass in boiling Water, filtering the solution, concen- 
trating and crystallizing. The dose is 1 to 6 grains, for dissolving cal- 
culi, etc. 

2738. Borortartrate of Potassium. — By heating 4 parts of Cream Tartar 
with i part Boric Acid in 10 parts or sufficient Water to dissolve them, then 
evaporating 10 dryness. This is also called Soluble Cream of Tartar. It is 
very soluble and deliquescent. Used for gout and lithic calculi in doses of 
15 to 30 grains, and as a laxative in doses of 2 or 3 drachms. 

2739. Chloride of Potassium— KC1. — This is obtained as a by-product 
in the manufacture of Chlorate of Potassium and other Salts, or may be 
made by neutralizing a solution of Carbonate of Potassium with dilute Hy- 
drochloric Acid, evaporating and crystallizing. Dose 10 to 30 grains. 

2740. Chromate of Potassium— K 2 Cr0 4 . — By adding Carbonate of 
Potassium to a hot solution of Bichromate of Potassium until effervescense 
ceases, concentrating and crystallizing. In a large way it is made direct from 
Chronic 1 >re, and is extensively used in dyeing. 

2741. Cyanate of Potassium — KCNO. — This may be made by mixing 
mide of Potassium and Litharge and heating, then dissolving out the 

Cyanate bom the fused mass by Alcohol, and crystallizing. 

2742. Ferricyanide of Potassium — K 6 Fe 8 Cy, ... — By passing Chlorine 
Gas into a cold solution of Ferrocyanide of Potassium until it ceases to give 
a blue precipitate with Chloride of Iron. It is used as a test. 

2743. Iodate of Potassium— K K )., — This is made during the manu- 
facture ol Iodide of Potassium, and may be obtained by dissolving out the 



712 POTASSIUM OR KALIUM. 



Iodide of Potassium before heating the mixture in a crucible, with Alcohol, 
and dissolving the residue which is the Iodate in hot Water and crystallizing. 

2744. Iodohydrargyrate of Potassium.— This is made by dissolving 
2 parts of Iodide of Potassium in a small quantity of hot Water and adding 
to the solution 3 parts of Iodide of Mercury, upon cooling the salt crystal- 
lizes. It is used as a test. 

2745. Nitrite of Potassium — KN0 2 . — By heating Nitrate of Potassium 
to redness, dissolving the fused mass in a little Water, adding twice the vol- 
ume of the solution of Alcohol and after a few hours decanting the upper 
stratum, separating the crystals from the lower stratum and evaporating to 
dryness. 

2746. Oxalates of Potassium. — With Oxalic Acid Potassium forms sev- 
eral Salts, as follows : 

Oxalate of Potassium, K 2 C 2 4 , by neutralizing a solution of Oxalaic 
Acid with Carbonate of Potassium, evaporating and crystallizing. 

Binoxalate of Potassium, KHC 2 4 , also called Salts of Sorrel, or Salts 
of Lemon. By saturating a solution of Oxalic Acid 1 part with Carbonate of 
Potassium and adding to the mixture 1 part of Oxalic Acid, evaporating and 
crystallizing. 

(}uadr oxalate of Potassium. By neutralizing 1 part of Oxalic Acid in 
solution with Carbonate of Potassium, then adding 3 parts of Oxalic Acid, 
concentrating and crystallizing. 

The two last are used to remove iron rust, ink stains, etc., and are gener- 
ally sold under the name Salts of Lemon ; a simple mixture of powdered 
Oxalic Acid 4 parts and powdered Carbonate of Potassium 1 part being 
generally put up for this purpose. 

2747. Perchlorate of Potassium — KC10 4 . — By heating Chlorate of Po- 
tassium until it melts, and keeping at this temperature until gas ceases to be 
evolved, then dissolving in Water and crystallizing. 

2748. Salicylate of Potassium— (KC 7 H 5 3 ) 2 .H 2 0.— This Salt may be 
made by dissolving 7 parts of Bicarbonate of Potassium in Water, and grad- 
ually adding 10 parts of Salicylic Acid and evaporating to dryness. 

2749. Silicate of Potassium — K„Si0 3 . — By fusing 10 parts of Carbonate 
of Potassium with 15 parts of fine sand and 1 part of Charcoal a salt is 
obtained similar to Silicate of Sodium, which is used for making Water Glass. 

2750. Sulphide of Potassium — K 2 S. — By passing a current of Sulphu- 
retted Hydrogen into a solution of Potassa as long as it is absorbed, then ad- 
ding an equal quantity of solution of Potassa and evaporating. See also (2713). 

2751. Sulphocarbonate of Potassium — K,CS :i . — By mixing a solution 
of Sulphide of Potassium with Bisulphide of Carbon and evaporating without 
heat. 

2752. Sulphocyanate of Potassium — KSCN. — By melting together 17 
parts of Carbonate of Potassium, 32 parts of Sulphur and 46 parts Anhydrous 



PROPYL OR TRITYL. PULVERES — POWDERS. 713 

Ferrocyanide of Potassium and heating to redness, exhausting with Water, 
evaporating the solution to dryness, powdering and exhausting with Alcohol 
and crystallizing. This is chiefly used as a test for Ferric Oxide. 

Other Salts of Potassium are known, but the foregoing are all that are 
liable to be called for. 



PROPYL OR TRITYL. 



The gaseous radical of which Propylic Alcohol, C 3 H 7 HO, 
is the hydrate is known as Propyl or Trityl. Propylic Alcohol 
is a fusel oil obtained from the fermented residuum of ex- 
pressed grapes after the marc-brand)' has passed over. It is 
also called fusel oil of marc-brandy. 

It combines with Ammonia, forming Propylamine, with 
Phenol, forming Phenol-Propyl-Alcohols, etc. 



PULVERES — POWDERS. 

Aside from the general meaning of the word Powder or 
Powders as describing any finely comminuted substance, the 
term is applied in Pharmacy to a class of Compound Powders 
which have been adopted as convenient or efficient prepara- 
tions to be dispensed in this form. Other Powders, as Tooth 
Powders, Face Powders, etc., are found under their proper 
headings, only these which are intended to be used as medi- 
cine being included here. 

The following are those official in the leading Pharmaco- 
poeias : 

2753. Pulvis Aerophorus. G. P. 

Effervescing Powder. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium 10 parts. 

ii Acid 9 parts. 

Sugar 19 parts. 

Dry them separately in tine powder at a gentle heat and then mix them in- 
timately. When mixed with water they effervesce with liberation of carbonic 
acid gas. 



714 PULVERES — POWDERS. 



2754. Pulvis Aerophorus Anglicus. 

Soda Powders. 

The German formula under the above title is : 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, put up in a blue paper, . . 2 grammes. 
Tartaric Acid, put up in a white paper, 1 y z gramme. 

Under the title Pulveres effervescentes they were official in the 1870 U. S. P. 
Bicarbonate of Sodium 360 grains and Tartaric Acid 300 grains were each 
put up separately in 12 powders each. 

When given, one of each of the powders is dissolved in one ounce of Water 
and the solution mixed and drank during effervescense. 

2755. Pulvis Amygdalae Compositus. Br. 

Compound Powder of Almonds. 

Sweet Almonds 8 ounces or 8 parts. 

Refined Sugar 4 ounces or 4 parts. 

Gum Acacia 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Blanch the Almonds, dry them thoroughly and powder them, then mix 
with the Gum and Sugar. This is used for making mixture of almond. 

2756. Pulvis Antimonialis. 

Antimo7iial Powder — Janus Powder. 

Oxide of Antimony 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, .... 2 ounces or 2 parts. 

Mix them intimately. Dose 3 to 5 grains. 

2757. Pulvis Aromaticus. U. S. 

Aromatic Powder. 

Cinnamon, No. 60 powder, 7 drachms. 

Ginger, No. 60 powder, 7 drachms. 

Cardamom, No. 60 powder, 3 drachms. 

Nutmeg, No. 60 powder, 3 drachms. 

Mix them intimately. 

Under the title Pulvis Cinnamomi Composzttis, Compound Powder of 
Cinnamon, the Br. P. directs Cinnamon, Cardamom Seeds and Ginger, each 
in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Aromatic Powder is used for making several preparations, and as an ad- 
dition to other powders. 



PULVERES — POWDERS. 715 



2758. Pulvis Catechu Compositus. Br. 

Compound Pou'der of Catechu. 

Catechu, in powder, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 

Kino, in powder, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 

Rhatany, in powder, 2 ounces or 2 parts. 

Cinnamon, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Nutmeg, in powder, 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Mix them thoroughly, pass the powder through a fine sieve and rub it 
lightly in a mortar. Dose 20 to 40 grains as an astringent for bowel com- 
plaints, etc. 



2759. Pulvis Cretae Compositus. U. S. 

Compound Chalk Powder. 

Prepared Chalk 30 parts or 3 ounces. 

Acacia 20 parts or 2 ounces. 

Sugar, 50 parts or 5 ounces. 

Mix them intimately. 

This powder is used for making chalk mixture and is given in powder for 
summer complaints and teething, in doses of 10 to 60 grains. 

The Aromatic Powder of Chalk of the Br. P. is Cinnamon 4 ounces, Nut- 
meg 3 ounces, Saffron 3 ounces, Cloves 1 ^ ounce, Cardamom Seeds 1 ounce, 
Refined Sugar 25 ounces, Prepared Chalk 1 1 ounces, all in powder, and in- 
timately mixed. 



2760. Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus cum Opio. Br. 

Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium. 

Aromatic Powder of Chalk, Br., 39 parts. 

Opium, in powder, 1 part. 

Mix them thoroughly, pass the powder through a fine sieve and finally rub 
it lightly in a mortar. The dose is 10 to 40 grains, for looseness of the 
bowels. 



2761. Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. U. S. 

Seidlitz Powders Aperient Effervescing Powders. 

bicarbonate of Sodium 480 grains. 

Tartrate of Potassium and Sodium, 1440 grains. 



716 PULVERES — POWDERS. 



Mix them intimately together and divide into 12 powders, which are to be 
put up in blue papers. 

Tartaric Acid, in fine powder, 420 grains. 

Divide into 1 2 powders, which are to be put up in white paper. 

When taken the contents of one of the blue papers is to be dissolved in 
about \% ounce of water, and the contents of one white paper in about one 
ounce of water. The solutions are then to be mixed and immediately drank 
during effervescense. 

The German Pulvis Aerophorus Laxans is about the same. 

2762. Seidlitz Mixture is prepared with 1 part of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
and 3 parts of Tartrate of Potassium (Rochelle Salt) intimately mixed. 

Seidlitz Measures made of boxwood may be had, by which a sufficient 
quantity of the mixture is taken for each powder. 

2763. Pulvis Elaterini Compositus. Br. 

Compound Powder of Elaterin. 

Elaterin 5 grains or 1 part. 

Sugar of Milk 195 grains or 39 parts. 

Rub them together in a mortar until they are reduced to a fine powder and 
intimately mixed. Dose X to 5 grains. 

This contains only "zyi per cent, of Elaterin. The U. S. Trituration of 
Elaterin contains 10 per cent. 



2764. Pulvis Glycyrrhizse Compositus. 

Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza or Liquorice. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Senna, in powder 18 parts or 2}( ounces. 

Liquorice Root, in powder 16 parts or 2 ounces. 

Fennel, in powder 8 parts or 1 ounce. 

Washed Sulphur, 8 parts or 1 ounce. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 50 parts or 6% ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly by rubbing together and passing through a sieve. 

The Br. formula differs but slightly from this in proportion of ingredi- 
ents and corresponds with the German Pulvis Liqitiritce Compositus, which 
is Senna, Liquorice, each 2 parts, Fennel, Washed Sulphur, each 1 part, Sugar 
6 parts. 

This is also called Laxative Powder and Brustpulver, and is used both as 
a laxative and pectoral, in doses of half to a teaspoonful or more in a little 
water. 



PULVERES — POWDERS. 717 



2765. Pulvis Gummosus. G. P. 

Compound Powder of Acacia — Gummipulver. 

Acacia 15 parts or 3 ounces. 

Liquorice Root 10 parts or 2 ounces. 

Sugar, 5 parts or 1 ounce. 

Used in cough mixtures, etc. 

2766. Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. U. S. 

Pulvis Ipecacuanha; Compositus, Br. — Pulvis Ipecacuanha; Opiatus, G. P. 
— Dover's Powder — Pcwder of Ipecac and Opium — 
Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. 
The present U. S. formula is : 

Ipecac, in powder, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Opium, in powder 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Sugar of Milk, in powder, 80 parts or 8 ounces. 

Rub them together to a very fine powder. 

The German preparation is identical with this. 

The Br. formula corresponds with the 1870 U. S. formula, using Sulphate 
of Potassium in fine powder instead of Sugar of Milk. This formula is still 
preferred, and with good reason, by many practitioners. 

2767. Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. 

Compound Powder of fa/ap. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Jalap, in powder 35 parts or 1 ounce. 

Bitartrate of Potassium, in powder, .... 65 parts or 2 ounces. 
Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. 

The Br. formula is Jalap, in powder, 5 parts. Acid Tartrate of Potassium 
(Cream of Tartar) 9 parts, Ginger, in fine powder, 1 part. 

The dose of this powder is 20 to 60 grains, usually given in syrup. 

2768. Pulvis Kino Compositus. Br. 

( 'ompound Powder of Kino. 

Kino, in powder 3^" ounces or 15 parts. 

Opium, in powder %. ounce or 1 part. 

Cinnamon, in powder 1 ounce or 4 parts. 

Mix them intimately. The dose is 5 to 20 grains for looseness of the 
bowels, etc. 



718 PULVERES — POWDERS. 



2769. Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. 

Cotnpojind Powder of Morphine — Tully's Powder. 

This preparation was introduced by Dr. Tully, and has been quite popular 
with physicians as a substitute for Dover's Powder. 

Sulphate of Morphine 1 part or 22 grains. 

Camphor 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Liquorice Root, in powder 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium, ... 20 parts or 1 ounce av. 
Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Powder the Camphor by rubbing it with a little Alcohol, then add the 
Liquorice and Chalk, and rub to a uniform powder. Rub the Morphine first 
with a small portion of the powder, then gradually add the remainder, rub- 
bing them intimately together. 

Another form of Tully's Powder is made with Opium 60 grains, Camphor, 
Liquorice, and precipitated Chalk, each 180 grains, powdered and thoroughly 
mixed. 

2770. Pulvis Opii Compositus. Br. 

Compound Powder of Opium. 

Opium, in powder, \]A ounce or 3 parts. 

Black Pepper, in powder, 2 ounces or 4 parts. 

Ginger, in powder, 5 ounces or 10 parts. 

Caraway Fruit, in powder, 6 ounces or 12 parts. 

Tragacanth, in powder l / 2 ounce or 1 part. 

Mix them thoroughly. The dose is 2 to 5 grains for bowel trouble, etc. 
This powder is used for making confection of Opium, 1 part to 4. 

2771. Pulvis Rhei Compositus. 

Compound Powder of Rhubarb — Gregory 's Powder. 
The U. S. formula is 

Rhubarb, in powder 25 parts or i]/ 2 ounces. 

Magnesia (calcined), 65 parts or 6>£ ounces. 

Ginger, in powder 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Rub them thoroughly together. 

The Br. formula is 

Rhubarb 2 ounces. 

Light Magnesia 6 ounces. 

Ginger 1 ounce. 



PULVERES — POWDERS. 719 

The German formula for Powder of Magnesia and Rhubarb is : 

Rhubarb, 15 parts. 

Oleo-Saccharate of Fennel, 40 parts. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 60 parts. 

The dose of this powder is from 20 to 60 grains, as a laxative and antacid 
stomachic. 



2772. Pulvis Salicylicus cum Talco. G. P. 

Powder of Salicylic Acid and Talc. 

Salicylic Acid 3 parts. 

Wheat Starch 10 parts. 

Talc 87 parts. 

Mix them thoroughly. This powder is used as a dusting for chapped or 
inflamed surfaces, or as a Baby Powder. 



2773. Pulvis Scammonii Compositus. Br. 

Compound Powder of Scammony. 

Scammony Resin, in powder, 4 ounces or 4 parts. 

Jalap, in powder 8 ounces or 8 parts. 

Ginger, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Mix them thoroughly. This is used as a cathartic in doses of 10 to 20 
grains. 

2774. Pulvis Tragacanthae Compositus. 

Compound Powder of Tragacanth. 

Tragacanth, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Starch, in powder 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Refined Sugar, in powder 3 ounces or 3 parts. 

Rub them well together. Dose, 20 to 60 grains. 



Unofficial Powders. 

Tin- foregoing powders include those official in the leading 
pharmacopoeias, but many others arc used in pharmacy. The 



(20 PULVERES — POWDERS. 



following are the more important unofficial powders used in 
medicine which are not included under other headings : 

2 775- Aloes and Canella Powder. 

Pulvis Aloes et Canella (Htera Pier a). 
This powder was formerly official under the above title : 

Socotrine Aloes, in fine powder 4 ounces. 

Canella, in fine powder 1 ounce. 

Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. This is familiarly 
known as " Picra," and used as a bitters, physic and vermifuge. 

Liquid Picra may be prepared by macerating i l / 2 ounce av. of the above 
powder in diluted alcohol 1 pint, and filtering. 

2776. Aloes Powder Compound. 

Aloes, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 

Guaiacum Resin, in fine powder 2 ounces. 

Aromatic Powder 1 ounce. 

Rub them well together. This is a warm, sudorific, purgative, in doses 
of 10 to 20 grains. 

2777. Aloes and Iron Powder. — Aloes i}& ounce, Myrrh 2 ounces. Sul- 
phate of Iron 1 ounce, Extract of Gentian dried, 1 ounce, all in fine powder 
and thoroughly mixed. Dose 10 to 20 grains. 

2778. Calomel and Jalap Powder. — Calomel 1 part, Jalap 2 parts, in- 
timately mixed. The dose is 20 to 30 grains as a purgative, in syrup. This 
was the popular physic of our grandfathers but has been mostly superseded 
by other Less heroic preparations. 

2779. Composition Powder — (Thompsonian). — Bayberry Bark 1 pound 
av., Ginger, Cloves, Capsicum, each 1 ounce av. All in fine powder and in- 
timately mixed. A teaspoonful in a cup of boiling water, to be drank hot, 
as a diaphoretic, etc. 

Another formula is : 

Hemlock Bark 2 pounds, Bayberry Bark 1 pound, Ginger y z pound, Cap- 
sicum, Cloves, each 1 ounce, all in fine powder and intimately mixed. This 
powder is not so strong as the preceding, and the Hemlock Bark is con- 
sidered an addition to its diaphoretic properties. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoons- 
ful prepared as above. 

2780. Cubebs and Alum Powder. — Cubeb, in fine powder, 4 ounces, 
Alum, in fine powder, 1 ounce. Mix them. The dose is 2 drachms or less 
for Gonorrhoea or other vitiated discharges. One part of this powder may 
be mixed with 4 parts of Syrup and given in this form. 



PYROXYLINUM. 721 



2781. Diapente Powder.— Serpentaria, Gentian, Bayberry, Myrrh, Phos- 
phate of Lime, each in fine powder equal parts, thoroughly mixed. 

2782. Fumigating Powder. — Amber, Mastich, Olibanum, each 3 parts, 
dry Storax 2 parts, Benzoin and Labdanum, each 1 part, all in coarse powder 
and well mixed, to be burned on hot coals. 

2783. Insect or Fly Powder. — This is the powdered unexpanded flow- 
ers of Pyrethrum Roseum or Persian Chamomile. It is not poisonous ex- 
cept to insects which breathe by trachea; on their sides, and are asphyxiated 
by it. 

2784. Worm Powder. — Worm Powders are made in great variety, but 
are chiefly composed of Santonine combined with some laxative, as Santo- 
nine 60 grains, Calomel 60 grains, Sugar of Milk 60 grains, rubbed together 
and divided into 30 powders, one of which may be given to a child of 6 to 10 
years old before meals. 



2785. PYROXYLINUM. 

Pyroxylin — Soluble Gun Cotton. 
This is made by the U. S. P. as follows: 

Cotton, 1 part or 1 ounce. 

Nitric Acid, 10 parts or 10 ounces. 

Sulphuric Acid, 12 parts or 12 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ... I 

Stronger Ether, - . . . each a sufficient quantity. 

Water, . . . j 

Mix the Acids gradually in a glass or porcelain vessel, and 
when the temperature of the mixture has fallen to 30 C. 
(90 F.) add the Cotton. By means of a glass rod imbue it 
thoroughly with the Acids and allow it to macerate for 10 
hours or until a sample of the Cotton taken out, washed thor- 
oughly with Water, and subsequently with Alcohol and 
pressed, is found to be soluble when shaken in a test-tube with 
a mixture of 1 volume of Alcohol and 3 volumes of stronger 
Ether. Then remove the Cotton from the Acids and wash 
thoroughly with successive portions of cold Water and after- 
wards with boiling Water, then drain and dry by heat of a 
water-bath. 



722 RESINS — RESINS. 



Soluble Gun Cotton, as thus prepared, is chemically Di- 
nitro Ccllulin, and is soluble in a mixture of Alcohol and 
Ether, making the Collodion of pharmacy. It combines with 
Camphor, making Celluloid, which, by pressure, is made into a 
hard, flexible substance used for making toilet and other fancy 
articles, imitating ivory and other substances by adding color- 
ing ingredients. It is extensively manufactured from wood- 
paper pulp for this purpose. 

By varying the strength of the Nitric Acid used three kinds 
of Gun Cotton may be prepared varying in soluble properties — 
Mononitro-Cellulin being but slightly explosive and insoluble, 
Dinitro-Cellulin (the official pyroxylin) being more explosive 
and soluble in a mixture of Alcohol and Ether, and Trinitro- 
Cellulin, which is made with the strongest acids, being very 
explosive but insoluble. This is the Gun Cotton chiefly used 
for mining operations. 



RESINS — RESINS. 

Including Gujus. Gum-Resins, and Resinous Substances. 

Resins, as understood in pharmacy, are substances obtained 
from vegetable matters, insoluble in water but soluble in oils, 
alcohol or ether, and, obtained as natural exudates, or as resi- 
dues by distillation from oleo-resins or turpentines, or by pre- 
cipitation from alcoholic fluid extracts of drugs in which they 
naturally exist as active principles. 

The Gums, Gum-Resins, and Resinoids are also included in 
this section as they have similar origin and characteristics. 

2786. Resina. 

Resin — Colophony. 

The residue left after distilling off the volatile oil from the crude turpentine 
obtained from various species of Pinus. It is often improperly called Rosin. 
It is a hard, brittle, transparent substance, from a very pale to a dark amber 
color, and consists of Abietic Anhydride, which, when treated with dilute 
alcohol, is converted into Abietic Acid. 

Uses. — Resin is extensively used in the industrial arts for various purposes 
and in pharmacy is employed to impart adhesiveness to ointments, cerates, 
and plasters. 



RESIN.E — RESINS. 723 



Resin Oil is an oil obtained by the dry distillation of Resin. It is used for 
lubricating, etc., being first made into a soap with slacked lime. It is an 
ingredient of axle-grease. 

2787. Resina Copaibae. 

Resin of Copaiba. 

The residue left after distilling off the volatile oil from Copaiba. It is a 
yellowish, brittle resin, of a weak odor and taste of Copaiba, and an acid 
reaction. It is used to combine with Copaiba and Oil of Cubebs, making 
"Extract of Cubebs and Copaiba," a paste or soft mass, used for Gonor- 
rhoea. 

2788. Resina Damar. 

Demur Resin. 

A Resin obtained from various species of Damar a, found in Southern 
India. It is a clear or light amber-colored Resin, used for making Demar 
Varnish by dissolving in Oil of Turpentine, and as a dusting for various 
purposes. It is official in the G. P. 

2789. Resina Jalapae. 

Resin of Jul up. 
Jalap, in No. 60 powder 16 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ) , cc ■ . 

y each a sullicient quantity. 

Water, j 

Exhaust the Jalap by percolating with Alcohol in the water-bath perco- 
lator as directed (1069), and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 6 l / 2 
fl.ounces, which add to one gallon of water, gradually, and with constant 
stirring, wash the precipitate with fresh water. Drain, press and dry by 
gentle heat. This is used as a cathartic, usually in Pills. 

2790. Resina Podophylli. 

Resin of Podophyllum — {Podophyllin?) 

Podophyllum, in No. 60 Powder 16 ounces. 

Hydrochloric Acid 1 fl. drachm. 

Al( <>hol. ) , • 

r each a sufficient quantity. 

W .iter, ) ' ' 

Exhaust the Podophyllum by percolating with Alcohol in the water-bath 
percolater as directed (1069) and evaporate the percolate by distillation to 
the consistence of Honey, which is then to be slowly added, with constant 
Stirring, to 1 pint of Water, previously cooled by ice and mixed with the 



724 RESINS — RESINS. 



Hydrochloric Acid. Wash the precipitate twice with cold water, drain, press 
and dry in a cool place. 

This is more commonly called Podophyllin, and is the active principle of 
Mandrake or May-apple root. 

Uses, — This is extensively used in the manufacture of Liver and Cathar- 
tic Pills and given in powders. The dose is y% to i grain. 

2791. Resina Scammonii. 

Resin of Scammony. 
Scammony, in No. 60 Powder 16 ounces av. 

AlCOhol, ) , rr- . 

V each a sufficient quantity. 

Water, [ M 3 

Digest the Scammony with successive portions of boiling Alcohol until ex- 
hausted. Mix the tinctures thus obtained, and evaporate by distillation to a 
syrupy consistence. Then add the residue to 2^ pints of water, wash the 
precipitate with water and dry it with gentle heat. 

Uses. — Resin of Scammony is used in making pills, powders, etc. The 
dose is from 3 to 10 grains. 

The foregoing Resins are official in the leading pharmaco- 
poeias. The following unofficial Resins are considerably used : 

2792. Amber — Succinum. — Also called Electron from its property of 
generating electricity. A fossil-resin, supposed to have been produced by 
species of Pinus now extinct. It is used for making ornaments, mouth-pieces 
of pipes, etc. By dry distillation it yields Acetic Acid and Oil of Amber, 
which pass over as liquids into the receiver, and Succinic Acid, H 2 C 4 H 4 4 , 
which sublimes and gathers in the neck of the retort, and which combines 
with bases forming Succinates. Amber is extensively used for making fine 
varnishes. 

2793. Anime — Gum-Anime, West India Copal. — A pale brownish-yel- 
low, brittle, transparent Resin, obtained from a species of locust in the West 
Indies. It emits a very fragrant odor when burned, and is used as a fumiga- 
tion for asthma and in solution is externally applied. It is used in making 
pastilles and for varnishes. 

2794. Asphaltum. — A black, hard, brittle variety of bitumen found in 
various parts of the world as a natural exudation from the earth. It is also 
called Mineral Pitch, Fossil Bitumen, etc. It is not properly included with 
the Resins but has similar characteristics. 

Liqtiid Asphaltum. — This is prepared as a Black Japan or gloss varnish 
by melting Asphaltum l / 2 pound av., adding Balsam Copaiba, heated, 1 pound, 
and thinning with Oil of Turpentine. Ordinary Black Asphaltum Varnish is 
made by melting Asphaltum and adding twice its weight of hot Oil of 
Turpentine. 



RESIN^E — RESINS. 725 



2795. Caoutchouc — India Rubber — Resina Elastica. — This is the con- 
crete juice of several species of Elastica found in tropical countries. The 
fresh milky juice is spread over mounds of unbaked clay and exposed to 
heat by torches, from which its smoky color is derived. Successive layers of 
the juice are spread on until the mass is sufficiently thick and hard, when the 
clay is broken. India Rubber is extensively used in the arts, for a great 
variety of purposes. Its solution in ether or benzol is used as an adhesive 
and a water-proof covering for fabrics. 

Vulcanized Rubber or Hard Rubber is made by combining Caoutchouc 
with from 12 to 15 per cent, of Sulphur, by heating them together. It is 
used for making a great variety of useful and ornamental articles. 

2796. Copal — Gum Copal. — A resinous exudate from various species of 
locust and other trees found in tropical countries. The variety obtained from 
East India is known as Gum Anime (2793), that from the West Indies is 
known as Copal. These resins are extensively used in the manufacture of 
varnishes. 

2797. Dragon's Blood — Sanguis Draconis, Resina Draconis. A rich- 
red resin obtained from the fruit of Calamus Draco, a species of palm, by 
beating or shaking the fruit in a bag, which breaks off the resin, which is 
then separated, melted and run into reed moulds or masses as it appears on 
the market. Its solution is used for coloring some medicinal substances, 
varnishes and lacquers. 

2798. Guaiac Resin — Gum Guaiac. — This Resin is obtained by various 
means from Guaiacum Officinale and contains Guaiac ic Acid, C 13 H 16 6 , 
and several other similar compounds. By dry distillation an Oil is obtained 
containing Guaiacol, C 7 H 8 2 , Guaiacene, C 8 H 8 0, and other compounds. 

Uses.— Guaiac Resin is used in making several preparations, and in medi- 
cine is employed for gout, rheumatism, etc., either in solution or in powder. 

2799. Gutta-Percha. — This is a substance resembling India Rubber, ob- 
tained from Isonandro Gutta, growing only in the Malayan Archipelago. 
The tree is notched or tapped and the milky juice which exudes exposed to 
the air for some time when it solidifies, forming the Gutta Percha of com- 
merce. It is purified and made into sheets which are elastic, pliable and 
tough, and may be moulded into any desired form. Its solution in Benzol or 
Bisulphide of Carbon is used for adhesive purposes, and for making water- 
proof fabrics. 

2800. Lac. — A resinous substance, combined with considerable coloring 
matter, obtained from the branches of several tropical trees and produced by 
the puncture of an inset, Coccus /area. The crude resinous substance is 
Stick Lac. Shellac is prepared by melting the resin in long linen bags be- 
fore a fire and spreading it on bamboo in thin layers. It is obtained in 
scales. It is used as a varnish and for making sealing wax, etc. 

Lac Dye is the coloring matter obtained from Lac by washing with water, 
and Seed Lac is the residue obtained after dissolving out most of the coloring 
matter from the crude I.ac. 



726 RESINS — RESINS — GUMS. 

2801. Mastic — Gum Mastic. — A resin obtained from Pistacia Lentis- 
cus by incising the bark and collecting the exudate. It occurs in tears, is- 
soluble in Alcohol and in Oil of Turpentine, and is used for making a varnish 
for pictures and for making cements, and as a dusting for gilding on leather, 
cloth, etc. for bookbinders' use. 

2802. Sandarach — Gum Sandarach. — This is a resinous exudate ob- 
tained from Thuja articulata and Juniperus communis grown in warm cli- 
mates. It is used in making spirit varnish for photographic plates, etc., and 
in the form of powder for pounce bags, etc. 

Gums. 

Under this commercial title are included a great number of 
substances which are pharmaceutically classed under other 
headings. In pharmacy the substances classed as gums are 
natural exudates from trees or plants, which are soluble, or 
partly soluble, in water, and not in Alcohol, Ether, or Oils, 
Acacia or Gum Arabic being the most perfect type of this 
kind. 

Acacia and Tragacanth, which are official, are the only true 
gums. The remainder, which are thus classed commercially, 
consisting of balsams, oleo-resins, turpentines, resins, gum- 
resins, stearoptens (camphor), and inspissated or concrete 
juices (as aloes and opium), and extracts (as catechu). 

2803. Acacia. 

Gum A?-abic. 

This is a natural exudate, obtained from various species of Acacia, found 
in Arabia, Morocco, Turkey, Africa and the East Indies, the product gener- 
ally bearing the name of the country or locality from which it is obtained — 
as Gum Arabic from Arabia, Barbary or Morocco Gum from Morocco, Gum 
Senegal from the settlements on the Senegal River, and East India Gum 
from Bombay. They are all furnished commercially as Gum Arabic of dif- 
ferent qualities, the best being known as Extra, Select, White, and the in- 
ferior qualities as 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, Select and Sorts. 

Acacia consists chiefly of Arabic Acid or Arabin, combined with lime, 
potassium, or magnesium. 

Uses. — It dissolves in water forming mucilage, and is used for making 
Syrup Acacia, and in making troches, pills, powders, etc. In medicine it 
is used as a demulcent. 

Gum Senegal is a species of Acacia extensively used in the arts. 



RESIX.E — RESINS — GUMS. 727 

2804. Tragacantha. 

Tragacanth or Gtim Tragacanth. 

This is a gummy exudate from several varieties of Astragalus, found in 
western Asia. It contains about 33 per cent, of Bassorin, an insoluble gum,' 
and 53 per cent, of a soluble gum peculiar to it. 

Uses. — Tragacanth absorbs water and forms a gelatinous mass or paste, 
which is used as a mucilage. It is used in the form of a powder to give ad- 
hesive properties to lozenges, troches, etc., also to make bandoline and hair 
fixers. 

Besides these gums, which are official, a few others are known and some- 
times used, as Cherry-tree Gum, which is mostly insoluble, Hog Gum from 
Rhus Metopium, Mesqtiit Gum from Algarobia Glandulosa, etc. 

The following substances are classed commercially with 
Gums, but are known in pharmacy by the names they bear : 

2805. Aloes. — The inspissated juice of the leaves of several varieties of 
Aloes found in Africa. Socotrine Aloes only is official in the U. S. The Br. 
P. recognizes Socotrine and Barbadoes Aloes. See page 135. It is com- 
monly known as Gum Aloes. 

2806. Camphor — Gum Camphor — C 10 H 16 O. — Although Camphor is 
a stearopten — an oxygenated turpene — possessing none of the properties of 
gums or gum-resins, and does not properly belong in this department, it is 
commercially classed with gums, and is familiarly known as " Camphor Gum." 
It is obtained by subliming the crude Camphor, imported from China and 
Japan, from Cinnamonum Camphora, in shallow iron vessels, the sublimed 
Camphor collecting on the covers of the vessels. 

Uses. — Camphor is one of the most familiar household remedies, " Spirits 
of Camphor " being used for everything. In pharmacy it is much used in 
making liniments, ointments, and other external applications and also an 
ingredient of many preparations given internally. It is a stimulant and may 
be given in doses of 2 to 10 grains. It is sold extensively to pack with furs 
to prevent moths, etc. 

Monobromated Camphor — C, H, 5 BrO. — This is prepared by the reaction 
of Bromine upon Camphor, and subsequent separation of the crystalline 
mass, and purification. It is given as a nervous sedative in doses of 2 to 5 
grains. 

2807. Catechu. — An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia Catechu, 
containing Catcchu-tannic Acid, Catcchin and Catechol. It is known com- 
mercially as Gum Catechu, (aim Cutch, Terra Japonica, etc. It is exten- 
sively used for dyeing and tanning, and in medicine as an astringent and 
tonic, the dose being from 5 to 20 grains. 

2808. Kino — Gum Kino.— The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Mar- 
SUpt'um, found in the East Indies, and containing several astringent principles. 



728 RESIN. E — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 

It is used in pharmacy for making Tincture of Kino, and in medicine is 
employed as an astringent and tonic, in doses of 5 to 20 grains. 

2809. Opium — Gum Opium. — The concrete milky exudation from Pafia- 
-ver Somniferum. Although classed commercially with the gums it has 
none of their characteristics. See 2433. 

Gum-Resins. 

Gum-Resins, as understood in pharmacy, are natural exu- 
dates from trees or plants, consisting' of gum, a portion soluble 
in water, and Resin, soluble in alcohol, therefore possessing 
the properties of both Gum and Resin. They are all classed 
commercially and familiarly known as Gums. 

The following are official in the U. S. and Br. pharma- 
copoeias, under the titles given : 

2810. Ammoniacum. 

Ammoniac or Gum Ammoniac. 

A Gum-Resin obtained from Dorema Ammoniacum, containing about 25 
per cent, of Gum, 70 per cent, of Resin, and 3 per cent, of volatile oil. It 
forms an emulsion when rubbed with water, and is somewhat employed as 
an expectorant and stimulant. It is also given in powders. The dose is 5 
to 1 5 grains. 

2811. Resorcin. — C G H 6 3 — Ammoniac is exhausted with alcohol, and 
the alcohol distilled until an extract only remains ; this is carefully fused with 
three times its weight of caustic potassa; the mass is then dissolved in 
water and slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid, the solution filtered and 
agitated with ether. The etherial portion is then separated and distilled or 
evaporated, leaving impure Resorcin as a residue, which is purified by dis- 
solving in ether, distilling and crystallizing. 

Resorcin is used as an antiseptic in fevers, cholera, etc., in doses of 5 to 10 
grains. 

2812. Asafcetida. 

Asafetida or Gum Fetida, 

A Gum-Resin obtained from the root of Ferula Narthax and other species 
of Ferula, containing about 20 per cent, of Gum and about 70 per cent, of 
Resin and a volatile oil. A portion is soluble in water, but the valuable portion 
is soluble in alcohol. It forms an emulsion when rubbed with water. It is em- 
ployed as an antispasmodic in doses of 3 to 10 grains, and is given in the 
form of tincture and syrup for worms. Owing to its disagreeable odor it is 
usually given in the form of pills. 



RESINjE — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 729 

2813. Cambogia. 

Gambogia, Gum Gamboge. 
A Gum-Resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii, containing about 20 per 
cent, of Gum and 75 per cent, of Resin, called Gambogic Acid. It is a pow- 
erful hydrogogue cathartic, and is mostly used in combination with other 
substances in cathartic pills. The dose is l /> to 3 grains. It is also used as 
a pigment, making with water a glossy golden color. 

2814. Galbanum. 

Gum Galbanum. 
A Gum-Resin obtained from Ferula Galbaniflua, containing 20 per cent, of 
gum, 65 per cent, of resin, and about 8 per cent, of volatile oil. It is a valu- 
able ingredient of plasters and is used in pills. Its resin, extracted with alco- 
hol, yields resorcin by the same treatment as is employed with ammoniac, and 
by dry distillation Umbelliferone, C 9 H 6 3 , which is the principal in gums, 
giving a blue color when dissolved with water and a little ammonia added. 
Galbanum is employed internally as an antispasmodic, in doses of 5 to 1 5 
grains. 

2815. Myrrha. 

Myrrh — Gum Myrrh. 

A Gum-Resin obtained from Balsamodendro?i Myrrha, containing about 
30 per cent, of gum, 60 per cent of resin, about 3 per cent, of a volatile oil, 
and a bitter principle. 

Myrrh is used in making several official preparations and employed in 
medicine as a stimulant and tonic. The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 

2816. Scammonium. 

Scammony. 
A dried exudation from the root of Convulvulus Scammonium, containing 
gum and resin. The best varieties are called Virgin Scammony. It is used 
for making Resin of Scammony and in medicine as a purgative. 

Other Gum-Resins. 

Several other Gum-resins besides the foregoing official ones are used in 
pharmacy and medicine. The more important are as follows: 

2817. Bdellium— 1 htm Bdellium. — A substance resembling Myrrh, 
obtained from Africa and the East Indies. It is used as a stimulant and 

orant. 

2818. Euphorbium. — A substance containing about 18 per cent, of gum 
and 38 per cent, of resin, obtained from Euphorbium resinifera found in 
Morocco. It is used in irritating plasters, especially in veterinary practice, 
and in catarrh snuffs, etc. 



730 RESIN.E — RESINS — GUM-RESINS. 



2819. Olibanum — Gum Olibanum or Frankincense. — A Gum-Resin 
obtained from several species of Boswellia. It resembles Myrrh and is 
burned as incense. It contains 30 to 36 per cent, of gum and about 56 per 
cent, of resin, with a little volatile oil and insoluble gum (bassorin). It is 
used in making plasters and some other preparations. 

2820. Opoponax — Gum Opoponax.— A Gum-Resin obtained from the 
roots of Opoponax Chironium, and containing gum, volatile oil, and resin. 
It is sometimes used as a stimulant and in plasters. 

2821. Sagepenum — Gum Sagepenum. — A Gum-Resin obtained from 
some species of Ferula, somewhat resembling Asafetida and Galbanum. 
Factitious Gum Sagepenum is made by melting 3 parts Asafetida with 1 5 
parts Galbanum and adding 1 part Oil of Turpentine. Its uses are similar to 
Galbanum. 

2822. Spruce Gum. — A Gum-Resin obtained from the black spruce, Abies 
Nigra, found in the elevated regions of New England and in Canada. This 
gum is highly esteemed as a chewing gum, the pure gum having a fine flavor, 
but, as it is not abundant, most of the gum sold as Spruce Gum consists 
mainly of Bergundy Pitch. 

An alcoholic Tincture of Pure Spruce Gum is used as a pectoral, and may 
be made into a syrup the same as Tolu. 

2823. Tamarac Gum.— This is a Gum-Resin exuding from the tamarac 
or hackmatack tree, Larix Americana. It is not very abundant. It is used 
in the form of tincture as a pectoral, and the gum is chewed for the same 
purpose. 

Many other exudates which are known commercially as Gums will be 
found under other headings, as Benzoin, Liquidamber or Sweet Gum under 
Balsams, Elemi, Gum Thus or White Pine Gum, etc., under Oleo- 
Resins, etc. 



2824. Chewing Gums. 

The practice of Gum chewing has recently developed to quite an extent 
among all classes, and enterprising manufacturers advertise the superior 
qualities of their Gums with great vigor. They can only be mentioned in 
this connection, their formulas being given in another department. 

The Chewing Gums sold as " Spruce Gum " are mainly composed of 
Burgundy Pitch. The white Gums under various titles as "Mastic," " Tolu," 
" Rosebud," etc., are soft Paraffin, some of them being mixed with sugar, 
fruits, etc. "Rubber Gum" is made from Rubber mixed with some other 
Gums. The Taffy and Caramel Gums are made with mixed Gums and 
Sugar or Caramel, etc. The Black Gums contain Black Pitch, etc. In fact, 
so great is the variety of Chewing Gums found in the market that it is next 
to impossible to enumerate them. 



RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 731 

RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 

. Eclectic Extracts, Powders, or Active Principles. 

A class of preparations first introduced by the Eclectics and 
known as concentrated medicines or resinoids, of which Resin 
of Podophyllum (" Podophyllin ") may be taken as a type, are 
considerably used, many of them possessing great merit as 
representing the principles of the drugs from which they are 
derived in concentrated form. These preparations are gener- 
ally precipitated alcoholic extracts of the drugs, some being 
resins, some oleo-resins, and others mixed principles, which 
may or may not represent the true active medicinal value of 
the drug, depending upon its solubility in alcohol. They must 
not, therefore, be confounded with true active principles of 
definite chemical composition bearing the same names, as they 
are sometimes widely different. 

2825. General Formula for Resinoids or 
Concentrations. 

Take of the required drug in moderately fine powder any 
convenient quantity and Alcohol sufficient. Exhaust the drug 
by water-bath percolation with the alcoholic menstruum and 
concentrate the percolate by distillation until it is reduced to 
the consistence of a thin syrup, which pour gradually and with 
constant stirring into a sufficient quantity of cold Water. 
After standing, collect the precipitate, wash it with a little 
cold water, spread it upon plates and carefully dry it by means 
of a current of warm air, or in the case of Oleo-resins, or very 
soft extracts which are precipitated, mix them with a suffi- 
cient quantity of the powdered drug from which they were 
derived, to make them into the form of powder. 

The consistence of the residue after concentration by distil- 
lation <>r evaporation depends much upon the constituents of 
the drug, but as a rule the liquid should be no more than one 
fourth the quantity of the powdered drug which was taken. 
And the quantity of cold Water into which it is poured should 
be from 10 to 30 times as much as of the concentrated liquid. 
Some extracts deposit tarry matter, which is undesirable, and 



782 



RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. 



should be removed by allowing them to stand and decanting 
the clear solution before adding to Water. Alum is sometimes 
added to the Water to facilitate the precipitation. 

Asclepidin, CypHpedin, Ptelein, Scnccin, XantJioxylin and some 
other preparations are mostly Oleo-resins, and must be mixed 
with the powdered substances in order to make them into a 
powder. Some, like Leptandrin and Ergotin, are soft resinous 
substances and are much improved by the addition of a por- 
tion of the powdered substance. 

The following list embraces most of the Concentrations or 
Resinoids which are used, although it is obvious that many 
others may be made. They may be prepared as directed by 
the foregoing General Formula : 

ECLECTIC CONCENTRATIONS OR RESINOIDS. 



2827 
282S 
2829 
2830 
2831 
2832 
2833 
2834 
2835 
2836 
2837 
2838 
2S39 
2840 
2S41 
2842 
2843 
2844 
2845 
2846 
2847 
2848 
2849 
2850 
285. 
2852 
2853 
2854 
2855 
2856 
2857 
2858 
2859 
2860 
2861 
2862 
2863 



Aconitin , 

Aletrin 

Alunin , 

Ampelopsin.. . 

Apocynin , 

Asclepin 

Atropin , 

Baptisin 

Barosmin 

Betin 

Caulophyllin . 
Ceanothin 

Cerasein 

Chelonin 

Chimaphilin . 
Chionanthin . 
Cimicifugin . . 
Collinsonin . . 
Colocynthin .. 

Cornin 

Corydalin. . . . 

Cypripedin 

Di gitalin 

Diosconn 

Ergotin 

Erythroxylin . 
Euonymin . . . 
Eupatorin. . . . 
Euphorbin . . . 
Eupurpurin... 

Krazerin 

Gelsemin .... 

Geraniin 

Gossypiin 

Hamamelklin 

Helonin 

Hydrastin. . . . 
Hyoscyamin. . 



PREPARED FROM. 



PART USED. 



Aconitum Napellus Root. 

Aletris Farinosa Root 

Aluns Rubra Bark 

Ampelopsis Quinquefolia Bark 

Apocynum Androsaemifolium. . Root 

Asclepias Tuberosa Root 

Atropa Belladonna Root or leaves. . 

Baptisia Tinctoria Root 

Barosma Betulina Leaves 

Beta Vulgaris Root 

Caulophyllum, thalictroides . . . Root 

Ceanothus Americana Root 

Cerasus Virginiana Bark 

Chelona Glabra Herb 

Chimaphila Umbellata : Leaves 

Chionanthus Virginiana Bark 

Cimicifuga Racinosa Rhizome 

Collinsonia Canadensis Herb 

Cucumis Colocynthis Fruit Pulp 

Cornus Florida Root bark 

Dicentra Canadensis Tubers 

Cypripedium Pubescens Rhizome 

Digitalis Purpurea Leaves 

Dioscorea Villosa Root 

Ergota, Claviceps purpurea.. . . Fungus 

Erythroxylon Coca Leaves 

Euonymus Atropurpureus Bark 

Eupatorium Perforatum Leaves and tops. 

Euphorbia Corollata Root 

Eupatorium Purpureum Root 

Frasera Waited Root 

Gelseminum Sempervirens .... Rhizome 

Geraneum Maculatum Root 

Gossipium Herbaceum Root bark 

Hamamelidis Virginica Root 

Helonias Dioica Root 

Hydrastis Canadensis Rhizome 

Hyoscyamus Niger I Leaves 



& to 
2 to 



2 to 

V 2 to 



35 to 
'.to 

1 to 

2 to 
U to 

2 to 
5 to 
1 to 
1 to 
1 to 
1 to 
1 to 

Kto 

3 to 
5* to 

1 to 
*to 

2 tO 
IS tO 



M to 
2 to 

V2 to 
1 to 
1 to 

l 2 to 



2 to 



■k grain. 
5 grains. 

3 grains. 
8 grains. 
2 grains. 
5 grains. 

A grain. 
1 grain. 

4 grains. 

5 grains. 

1 g.ain. 
5 grains. 

10 grains. 

2 giains. 

4 grains. 

3 grains. 

5 grains. 
3 grains. 
2 grains. 
5 grains. 
2 grains. 

2 grains, 
r grain. 
5 grains. 

% grain. 

3 grains. 

4 grains. 

4 grains. 

2 grains. 

3 grains. 

5 grains. 

2 grains. 

3 grains. 
5 grains. 
5 grains. 
2 grains. 
5 grains. 
2 grains. 



RESINOIDS OR CONCENTRATIONS. SACCHARA. 



733 



ECLECTIC CONCENTRATIONS OR RESINOIDS — Continued. 



No. NAME. 


PREPARED FROM. 


PART USED. 


DOSE. 


2864 Inulin 

2865 Irisin or Iridin . . . 

2866 Jalapin 

2867 Juglandin 


Inula Helenium 


Root 

Root 

Tub.r 

Root bark 


1 to 
#to 

Kto 

2 tO 
2 tO 
2 tO 

iV to 
I to 
1 to 
1 to 

1 to 
t to 

^to 
^5 to 

2 tO 

I to 

1 to 

2 tO 

I to 
1 to 

K to 

3 to 

1 to 

2 tO 

X A to 

3 to 
tfto 

1 to 
#to 


3 grains. 
2 grains. 

2 grains. 
5 grains. 
5 grains. 

4 grains. 
% grain. 

3 grains. 
3 grains. 

5 grains. 

2 grains. 
5 grains. 
1 grain. 

1 grain. 
5 grains. 

3 grains. 

3 grains. 

4 grains. 
3 grains. 

2 grains. 

2 grains. 

5 grains. 

3 grains. 
5 grains. 

1 grain. 
5 grains. 

% grain. 

2 grains. 
1 grain. 






Leontodon Taraxacum. ....... 

Leptandra Virginica 

Lobelia Inflata 

Humulus Lupulus 

Lycopus Virginicus 


2869 Leptandrin 

2870 Lobelin 

2871 Lupulin 




Herb 


Strobiles 

Plant 

Rhizome 

Root 

Bark 

Rhizome 


2S73 Macrotin 

2874 Menispermin 


Menispermum Canadense 

Myrica Cerifera 

Phitolacca Decandra 

Podophyllum Peltatum 


2876 Phytolaccin 

2877 Podophyllin 


Bark 

Root bark 

Bark... 










2881 Rhein 








Rhus Glabra 


Root bark 

Root 


2883 Rumin 

2884 Sanguinarin 


Rumex Crispus 

Sanguinaria Canadensis 

Scutellaria Laterifolia 


Rhizome 

Herb 




Plant 








2888 St llingin 

2889Tri!liin 

289x1 Veratrin 

2891 Viburnin 

2892 Xanthoxylin 






Trillium Pendulum 


Rout 




Rhizome 

Bark 


Viburnum Opulus 

Xanthoxylum Fraxineum 


Bark 



SACCHARA — SUGARS. 



Sugars arc substances composed of carbon, hydrogen and 
oxygen, of a sweet taste, crystallizable, and mostly of a vege- 
table origin. The most important sugars, are Saccharose, the 
ordinary Sugar of commerce, prepared from sugar-cane, sor- 
ghum, etc., and glucose, which has already been described 
(page 515). 

The glucoses have the composition C H 12 O 6 ,and are di- 
rectly subject to vinous fermentation. The saccharoses have 
the composition C, JLO, , , and arc fermentable only after 
being converted into a Sugar of the glucose: class. 

There are also a number of non-fermentable Sugars termed 
saccharoids, some of them having the same composition as 
glucose, and others varying somewhat. 



734 SACCHARA — SUGARS. 

Among other products that are derived from the decompo- 
sition of Saccharine fluids, Alcohol, Acetic Acid and Oxalic 
Acid may be mentioned as most valuable. 

2894. Saccharum. 

Sugar. 

The greater part of the Sugar found in the market is pre- 
pared from the expressed juice of the Sugar-cane, grown in the 
Southern States, the West Indies, and Central America. The 
Sugar-cane is crushed in mills, and the juice, which is about 80 
per cent, of the whole, is expressed, a little lime and bisulphite 
of calcium added, then strained and evaporated to a thick 
syrup, which is placed in casks, allowed to crystallize and 
drained. In the larger manufacturing establishments the pro- 
cess employed is somewhat different, the vacuum pan being 
used instead of open evaporation, and the draining being ac- 
complished by "centrifugals," which by rapid motion separate 
the fluid from the solid portions. The process for making 
Sugar from Sorghum is the same, and Beet-Root Sugar is 
made in a similar manner, but is not so readily purified. 

The crude or "raw" sugars prepared as described are puri- 
fied and decolorized by filtering their solutions through pow- 
dered animal charcoal, or bone-black. When allowed to crys- 
tallize from the solution thus purified the crystals obtained are 
called Rock Candy, but if evaporated to a solid mass with 
continual agitation, it is granulated. 

Granulated Sugar, on account of its purity and convenience, 
is generally chosen for making syrups and liquid preparations, 
and powdered Sugar for making troches, powders, triturations, 
etc. Cane-sugar is often adulterated or mixed with Grape 
Sugar, which may be discovered by Trommer's test, which is 
as follows: 

Trommer's Test. — To a solution of the sugar or saccharine liquid desired 
to be tested, add a little solution of sulphate of copper, and then solution of 
potassa in excess ; heat the mixture to boiling. When cool, if the saccharine 
solution contained only saccharose or cane-sugar, there will be but a small 
deposit of red powder ; but if it contained grape-sugar or glucose, there will 
be a copious greenish precipitate, which changes to scarlet and afterward to a 
dark brownish-red. 



SACCHARA — SUGARS. 735 

Saccharine Substances. 

The following substances, having similar composition and characteristics, 
are known as Saccharine substances : 

Saccharoses. 

C 12 Ho,O u . 
Cane-Sugar (Saccharose). — From sugar-cane, beets, and sorghum. 
Parasacc/iarose. — Produced by spontaneous fermentation of cane-sugar. 
Milk Sugar (Lactose, Lactin). — Obtained from milk. (See page 542.) 
Mycose. — Obtained from ergot, identical with trehalose. 
Melezitose. — Obtained from manna found in Tasmania and Persia. 
Melitose. — Obtained from various species of eucalyptus. 
Trehalose. — Obtained from cocoons of Larinus Maculatus. 

Glucoses. 

C H 12 O 6 . 

Glucose (Dextrose or Dextro-Glucose). — From starch, etc. (See page 515.) Ro- 
tates the plane of polarization strongly to the right. 

Grape- Sugar. — By crystallizing glucose. (See page 515.) 

Lcevulose (Lsevo-Glucose). — From sugar-cane and molasses. Rotates plane of 
polarization to the left. 

Maltose (Barley-Sugar). — By the action of diastase on starch. 

Dulcilose. — By oxidizing dulcit with nitric acid. 

Mannitose. — Found in muscular flesh. 

Galactose — By treating sugar of milk with dilute sulphuric acid. 

The following are the non-fermentable saccharine substances : 

Maunit — C 6 H 14 6 . — From manna and other similar substances. 
Dulcit — C 6 H 14 O c . — From meiampyrum nemorosum. 
Eucalyn — C 6 H 12 O . — From the fermentation of melitose. 
fnosil C H 12 O 6 . — From muscular flesh. 
Quercitrose — C c H 12 O . — From quercitrine. 
Sorbil — C H 12 O 6 . — From mountain ash berries. 
Erythromannil — C 12 H 30 O 12 . — From protococcus vulgaris. 
Isodulcit — C II 1 .,O . — From quercitrine. 
Piirit — C e H 18 B . — From pinus Iambertiana. 
Quercil — C c 1 1 , 2 5 . — From acorns. 

2895. Saccharates are prepared by saturating sugar with tinctures, drying 
it, then powdering. Homoeopathic pellets are prepared in a similar manner, 
by saturating them with a tincture strongly alcoholic and allowing them to 
dry. 

2896. Oleo-Saccharures — ElcBO-Sacchara — are prepared by rubbing 1 
drop of any volatile oil wilh 30 grains of powdered sugar until they are 
thoroughly mixed. 

2897. Saccharine.— This is a new substance prepared by a complicated 
process from Toluene, by treating with acids and ammonia. Its every-day 



736 SALICINUM — SALICIN. SALICYL. 

chemical name is Benzoyl-Sulphonic-Imide, but when it is on dress-parade 
it is known as Anhydroorthosulpaminbenzoic Acid, its composition being 
C 6 H 4 COS0 2 NH. It is said to be about three hundred times sweeter than 
sugar, and to possess wonderful antiseptic properties. Its uses have not yet 
been well denned, but it is predicted to be of great value in sweetening 
preparations which with sugar would be liable to ferment, as fruit juices, etc. 



2898. SALICINUM — SALICIN. 

C 13 H 18 7 . 

A neutral principle prepared from the bark of Salix of dif- 
ferent species, by treating a boiling concentrated decoction of 
the bark with Oxide of Lead until it becomes nearly colorless, 
the lead combining with the gum tannin and extractive mat- 
ter, which is removed by filtration. The filtered liquid is then 
treated with Sulphuric Acid to convert the dissolved Oxide of 
Lead into a sulphate, and then with Sulphide of Barium to 
remove sulphates, etc. The liquor is then filtered, evaporated, 
and crystallized, Salicin being obtained, 

Salicin is a Glucoside, which yields Saligcnin and Sugar 
when heated with dilute acids. 

Uses. — It is used as a febrifuge and tonic in doses of 5 to 
30 grains. Some practitioners prefer it to quinine, especially 
in rheumatic fever. 



SALICYL. 

C,H 4 0. 

This is the hypothetical compound radical of the Salicyl 
series of compounds. It is not known as a free radical, but 
only in combination. 

The volatile Oil of Meadow Sweet, Spircea Ulmaria, is a 
natural hydride of Salicyl. Oil of Wintergreen and Oil of 
Birch are also compounds of Salicyl. 

2899. Acidum Salicylicum— Salicylic Acid, — HC 7 H 5 3 . The greater 
part of the Salicylic Acid found in the market is made according to the pro- 
cess of Kolbe, by treating Carbolate of Sodium with Carbon dioxide (Car- 
bonic Acid gas) ; by this process it is made as follows : A highly concen- 



SALICYL. SANTONINUM — SANTONIN. 737 



trated solution of Caustic Soda is evaporated with a corresponding amount of 
Carbolic Acid to a dry powder. This is then heated in a retort to ioo° C. 
(212 F.) and a current of dry carbon dioxide passed over it. The tempera- 
ture is gradually increased to 180 C. (356 F.) and then to 220 C. (428 
F.), at which temperature the free Phenol distills over. The temperature is 
then increased to 250 C. (482 F.) and continued until no more Phenol dis- 
tills. Half of the Phenol used now remains in the retort as Salicylate of 
Sodium, the other half having been recovered by distillation as Phenol. 

The Sodium Salicylate thus obtained is dissolved in water, decomposed by 
the addition of Hydrochloric Acid, the precipitate washed and crystallized 
from its solution in hot water, then drained and dried, making the Salicylic 
Acid of commerce, which may be termed Pheno-Salicylic Acid. 

A Salicylic Acid in much larger crystals is also prepared from Oil of Win- 
tergreen, but is too expensive for general use. It is known as Gaulthero- 
Salicylic Acid, and has the same chemical composition as that previously 
described. It forms with bases a class of Salts called Salicylates. 

Uses.— Salicylic Acid is employed extensively as a preservative of non-al- 
coholic liquids, fruits, etc., and in medicine is used as a remedy for rheum- 
atism, neuralgia, and septic diseases, and in large doses as an antipyretic. 
The dose is from 5 to 1 5 grains. 

2900. Salicylous Acid — C 7 H 6 3 — Salicylol. This is an oily liquid, ob- 
tained from Volatile Oil of Meadow Sweet, which, when pure, consists en- 
tirely of it. It is also obtained from Salicin. It is not employed in medicine. 

2901. Salol. — This new antiseptic and antipyretic is a phenyl ether of 
Salicylic Acid, its chemical formula being C C H 5 .C 7 H 5 3 . The process for 
making it is complicated, but it is claimed that it possesses the valuable 
medicinal properties of Salicylic Acid without its disagreeable effects. It is 
given for rheumatism, fevers, etc., in doses of 5 to 20 grains, with excellent 
results, and also applied as a dusting powder for eruptions, sores, etc. 



2902. SANTONINUM -SANTONIN. 

C ]5 H 18 0. r 
A neutral crystalline principle prepared from Santonica. A 
formula for its preparation is official in the Br. P., as follows: 

Santonica, bruised 1 pound av. 

Slacked Lime, 7 ounces av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, a sufficient quantity. 

Solution of Ammonia ^ fi. ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 14 fl. ounces. 

Purified Animal Charcoal 60 grains. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 



f38 SANTONINUM — SANTONIN. SAPOES — SOAPS. 



The bruised " Worm Seed " is boiled first with I gallon 
(Imperial) of Water and 5 ounces of the Lime for an hour; 
the liquid is then strained off with pressure and the residue 
again boiled for half an hour with half a gallon (Imperial) 
of Water and 2 ounces of the lime, and the liquid strained 
with pressure as before and added to the portion previously 
obtained. The liquid is then allowed to settle, strained, and 
evaporated to 2^ pints (Imperial). To this,, while hot, Hydro- 
chloric Acid is added until the liquid is slightly acid and set aside 
for 5 days to precipitate. The liquid is then poured off from 
the precipitate, which is washed first with cold Water, then 
with the Solution of Ammonia diluted with 5 ounces of cold 
Water. It is then pressed, dried, and mixed with the Animal 
Charcoal, 9 fl. ounces of the Spirit added, and, after half an 
hour, the mixture boiled for 10 minutes. It is then filtered 
while hot and the residue in the filter washed with an ounce 
of boiling spirit and the liquid set aside to crystallize. The 
crystals are then collected, dissolved in 4 ounces of boiling 
Spirit and recrystallized. It should be protected from the 
light, which changes it yellow. 

Uses. — Santonin is employed in medicine as an anthel- 
mintic in doses of 1 or two grains. It is best given in the 
form of powder or suspended in syrup or emulsion, or in the 
form of troches. The worm confections and lozenges which 
are popular contain Santonin. 



SAPOES — SOAPS. 

Soaps are compounds of fatty acids with alkalies, and are 
prepared by mixing fats or oils with a caustic alkali in solution, 
and either boiling until a thick mass is formed or combining 
cold, and allowing to stand until the combination is effected. 
The use of Soaps in the arts and industries is well known. 
In pharmacy and medicine they are considerably employed. 

Soaps are naturally divided into hard soaps, which are made 
with soda alkali, and soft soaps, which are made with Potassa 
alkali. As different fats vary in proportion of their fatty acids, 
and the caustic soda and potassa of commerce vary in caustic 



SAPOES — SOAPS. 739 



strength, definite formulas for the Soap bases cannot well be 
given, but the following general formulas and processes given 
by W. J. Menzies in the Manufacturers Review for November 
15, 1880, will be satisfactory. The first can be used either for 
making Castile Soap or Curd Soap : 

2903. General Formula for Hard Soaps. 

Take exactly 20 pounds of Greenbank double refined 98 per cent, pow- 
dered caustic soda ; put it into any suitable iron or metal vessel with 90 
pounds of soft water, stir it once or twice with a stirrer ; it will dissolve 
immediately and become quite hot ; let it stand until the lye thus made is 
cold. Weigh out and place in any convenient vessel for mixing and melting 
exactly 145 pounds of clean tallow, grease or oil (where oil is used no heat- 
ing is required). Melt it slowly either with steam or fire until it is liquid and 
feels warm to the hand — that is to say, not exceeding ioo° F. Pour the lye 
slowly into the melted tallow in a small stream continuously, at the same 
time stirring with a flat wooden stirrer about three inches broad ; continue 
gently stirring until the lye and melted tallow or oil are thoroughly combined 
and the mixture appears like honey. Do not stir too long, or the mixture is 
liable to separate again. The time required varies somewhat with the 
weather and kind of tallow, grease or oil used, from fifteen to twenty minutes 
will be quite enough. When the mixture is complete, pour it off into an 
ordinary soap frame ; or this may be dispensed with, and an old square 
wooden box may be used for a mould, previously damping the sides with 
white wash or water so as to prevent the soap sticking. Put the frame or 
box in a warm place until the next day, covering it up well with blankets ; it 
will then be found to contain about 255 pounds of fine white hard soap, 
which can be cut up with a wire into bars for the convenience of weighing, 
etc. Remember the chief points in the above directions, which must be 
exactly followed. The lye must be allowed to cool. The heated tallow or 
grease used must hot be over a temperature of about ioo° F. The lye must 
be thoroughly stirred into the melted tallow, not tallow or oil into the lye. 
The exact weights of Double Refined Powdered 98 per cent. Caustic Soda 
and tallow, grease or oil must be taken. If the tallow or grease is not clean 
or contains any salt, it must be " rendered " or purified previous to use, that 
is to say, boiled with water and allowed to cool, as any salt present spoils the 
whole operation entirely. Discolored or rancid grease or tallow, however, is 
just as good for common soap-making purposes. If the soap turns out 
streaky and uneven, it has not been thoroughly mixed. If very sharp to the 
taste, too much caustic soda has been used. If soft, mild and greasy, too 
much tallow or oil has been taken. In either case it should now be thrown 
into a kettle with about six gallons of water and cut up into shavings or very 
small pieces. In the first case boiling is all that is necessary — in the other 
instances a very little more oil or a very little more of the Double Refined 98 



740 SAPOES — SOAPS. 



per cent. Caustic Soda must be added to the water previous to boiling. None 
of these things will happen, however, if the above directions are exactly fol- 
lowed, and with the experience gained after making a few batches of soap 
the whole process is an exceedingly easy one. 



2904. General Formula for Soft Soap. 

Take 50 pounds of Greenbank pure caustic potash ; put it in any iron or 
earthenware vessel with 90 pounds of water. Stir it once or twice ; it will 
dissolve immediately and become quite hot. Let it stand until the lye thus 
made is cold. Place in any convenient vessel for mixing 185 pounds of cot- 
tonseed oil and 20 pounds of clean melted tallow. Pour the lye into the oil 
in a small stream, at the same time stirring with a flat wooden stirrer about 
three inches broad. Continue gently stirring until the lye and oil are thor- 
oughly combined, and in appearance like honey. Now cover the vessel up 
and put it in a warm place until the next day. The oil and lye will then be 
found nearly all combined. Stir up well again and leave for a few days, 
when the mixture will become quite even and the saponification complete ; 
the result being the production of about 345 pounds of very stiff potash soap, 
costing for materials about 3X cents per pound. If made for use by an 
actual consumer nothing more need be done ; the requisite quantity can be 
thrown into the scouring vat, either with or without the addition of a small 
quantity of carbonate potash to increase the alkali present, and depending 
upon the purpose for which the soap is used. 

The potash soap produced in this way is very much more concentrated 
than the ordinary" fig " soap hitherto sold. If it is desired to make an ordinary 
soft soap it can be produced in the following manner : Take 200 pounds of 
the stiff potash soap and add to it about 70 pounds of water. Put it into a 
boiling pan and gently heat and stir it so as to mix well together ; at the 
same time adding about eight pounds of crystalline carbonate of potash, 
which will remove all " stringyness " and produce a clear homogeneous soap. 
It will improve in appearance by keeping for a short time. 

The above "cold process " is simple and effective, and even a few pounds 
alone of soft soap can be made by it. With mechanical mixing apparatus 
and large pans, soft soap can easily be produced on a large scale by this 
process. 

The following are the Soaps of the U. S., Br. and German 
Pharmacopoeias : 

2905. Sapo. U. S. 

White Castile Soap. 
Soap prepared from Soda and Olive Oil. In Br. pharmacy this is known 
as Sapo Duris, or Hard Soap ; in German pharmacy it is known as Sapo 
Oleaceous ; but in commerce it is known only as Castile Soap. 



SAPOES — SOAPS. 741 

The common varieties made from inferior oil and mottled by the addition 
of an iron salt are extensively sold as ordinary Castile Soap, but in medicine 
and in pharmacy only that made with fine Olive Oil and pure Soda should 
be used. It is employed for making oleates, liniments and pills, and is exten- 
sively used mixed with other kinds of Soap for making perfumed and toilet 
soaps. 

2906. Sapo Animalis. Br. 

Curd Soap. 

A Soap made with Soda and purified animal fat, consisting principally of 
stearin. This is a nearly neutral White Soap, generally made with fine tallow 
and pure soda alkali or caustic soda. It is known as Tallow Soap, and used 
as the basis of most of the perfumed toilet Soaps. In pharmacy it is used 
in making several plasters, liniments, pills, and suppositories. 

For making fine Toilet Soaps, Curd Soap is reduced to shavings by passing 
over a plane and then, being moistened, it is combined with the perfuming 
oils desired, by working them well in with it in a mortar, until the mass is of 
uniform consistence without streaks. For larger manufacturing the Soap is 
milled with the oils, and then pressed into cakes. If desired to be colored 
the coloring matter is well worked in. 

2907. Sapo Jalapinus. G. P. 

Jalap Soap. 
The G. P. gives the following formula for Jalap Soap or Jalapenseife : 

Resin of Jalap, 4 parts. 

Medicinal Soap 4 parts. 

Diluted Alcohol 8 parts. 

Dissolve the Resin of Jalap and Medicinal Soap in the Diluted Alcohol, 
and evaporate on a steam-bath, stirring constantly, to 9 parts. 

2908. Sapo Mollis. Br. 

Soft Soap. 

Made with Potash and Olive Oil. In Br. pharmacy it is used in making 
turpentine liniment. It is of a gelatinous consistence, and is soluble in recti- 
fied spirit. 

The Sapo h'alinus of the G. P., which is known as Potassa Soap or Soft 
Soap, is made by adding to solution of Potassa, G. P., 135 parts, heated on 
a steam-bath, Linseed Oil 100 parts, stirring constantly, and continuing the 
heat for half an hour ; then adding Alcohol, 25 parts, stirring, and gradually 
adding Water, 200 parts, and heating until a transparent viscid soap is 
formed, and continuing the heat until the Alcohol is evaporated, and the 
finished product weighs 150 parts. This is a soft lubricous mass, and differs 
from the Soft Soap of the Br. P. in being transparent. 



742 SAPOES — SOAPS. 

2909. Sapo Medicatus. G. P. 

Met lit i)i a I Soap. 
The German Pharmacopoeia directs : 

Solution of Soda, G. P., 1 20 parts. 

Lard, 50 parts. 

50 parts. 

12 parts. 



Olive Oil, 
Alcohol, . 



Water 280 parts. 

Chloride of Sodium 25 parts. 

Carbonate of Sodium 3 parts. 

Heat the solution of Soda by means of a steam-bath, and gradually add 
the Lard, previously melted, then the Olive Oil ; stir and continue the heat 
for half an hour; then add the Alcohol, and then 200 parts of Water, grad- 
ually adding, if necessary, small portions of the solution of Soda until a 
transparent viscid Soap is formed ; then add a filtered solution of the Chloride 
and Carbonate of Sodium in 80 parts of Water, and heat and stir until the 
Soap has wholly separated from the liquid. The separated Soap is afterward 
washed, expressed, and cut into cakes, and is used as a neutral Medicinal 
Soap. 

2910. Sapo Viridis. U. S. 

Green Soap, 

Soap prepared from Potassa and Fixed Oils. This is a Soft Soap, called 
in the G. P. Sapo Kalimcs Venalis. It is prepared from various Oils, which 
contain but little stearin, by boiling with solution of Potassa. 

It is used in pharmacy in making Tincture of Green Soap, and medicinally 
in skin diseases. 

Other Soaps. 

The foregoing are all the Soaps official in the leading phar- 
macopoeias, but a large variety of other Soaps are used in 
pharmacy and the toilet, the more important medicinal soaps 
being here mentioned. 

2911. Yellow Soap. — This is the common Laundry Soap, made from 
tallow, resin and lard, with Soda, the same as curd soap. 

2912. Marine Soap, or Salt- Water Soap. — This is a Coconut Oil Soap, 
made with Soda, and containing an excess of alkali. It is used for washing 
in salt water and for making toilet soaps. It is known also as Coconut Soap. 

2913. Palm Soap.— This is a yellow soap, made with Palm Oil and Soda, 
considerably used for mixing in making toilet soaps. 



SAPOES — SOAPS. 743 



2914. Naples Soft Soap is made from Fish Oil mixed with Olive Oil with 
Potash alkali. Fig Soft Soap is made with Olive and other Oils and Potash. 

2915. Whale Oil Soap is made with common Whale Oil and Potash. 
It is also called Black Soap, and is used chiefly for washing plants to remove 
insects. 

The foregoing are used as bases and for combining to make other soaps. 
A few medicinal soaps have some sale and use, especially Carbolic, Sulphur, 
and Tar Soaps. 

2916. Arsenical Soap. — Carbonate of Potassium 6 ounces, Arsenic, White 
Soap, each 2 ounces, Powdered Camphor 3 drachms, Water sufficient to 
make a stiff paste. This is used for preserving the skins of birds and small 
animals. 

2917. Antimonial Soap.— Golden Sulphuret of Antimony 2 drachms, 
Solution of Caustic Potassium 6 drachms. Dissolve the salt in the solution, 
and mix thoroughly with Castile Soap, in powder, 1%. ounce. 

2918. Camphorated Soap.— This Soap is usually prepared by incorpo- 
rating from 2 to 5 per cent, of Camphor with Curd Transparent Soap. The 
Camphor is dissolved in as little Alcohol as possible, and added to the melted 
Curd or Transparent Soap, the Alcohol evaporating and leaving the Camphor 
mixed with the Soap. It may also be mixed by melting powdered Camphor 
with Soap. 

2919. Carbolic Soap. — This popular Soap maybe made for toilet pur- 
poses by incorporating 2 to 3 per cent, of Carbolic Acid by melting with Curd 
or Castile Soap. For medicinal and surgical use it is usually made about 5 
per cent, by incorporating with White Castile Soap. For veterinary use and 
as a wash for dogs and other animals to remove vermin, it is generally made 
with 10 per cent, of Crude Carbolic Acid, mixed with any kind of cheap 
hard soap. 

2920. Chlorinated Soap.— Powdered Castile Soap 11 ounces, dry Chlo- 
rinated Lime 1 ounce. Mix them together and make into a mass with Alco- 
hol, in which some perfume has been dissolved. This is used as a detergent 
and antiseptic in hospital practice. 

2921. Cod Liver Oil Soap.— This may be made with Cod Liver Oil 2 
ounces, Caustic Soda 2 drachms, Water 5 fl. drachms. 1 drachm of Iodide of 
Potassium may be added to this ; making a valuable Soap for scrofulous and 
syphilitic sores. It is also given internally. 

2922. Croton Oil Soap. — Croton Oil and Solution of Potassa, equal 
parts, triturated together in a warm mortar until they combine. This is 
given as a cathartic, in doses of 1 to 3 grains, and is much less irritating than 
the oil taken alone. 

2923. Glycerin Soap.— For medicinal use any good toilet, transparent, 
or Curd Soap may be made by melting with a very little water, and mixing 



744 SAPOES — SOAPS. 



thoroughly with from 3 to 5 per cent, of Glycerin. It may be perfumed as 
desired. The following formula may be used if desired to make the Soap 
from crude materials : 40 pounds of Tallow, 40 pounds of Lard, and 20 
pounds of Coconut Oil are saponified with 45 pounds of Soda Lye and 5 
pounds of Potash Lye of 40 Baume ; to the saponified mass 6 pounds of 
Glycerin, l / 2 ounce Oil of Portugal, yi ounce Oil of Bergamot, 5 ounces Oil of 
Bitter Almond, and 3 ounces Oil of Vitivert are added. 

2924. Iodine Soap. — This may be made by melting Castile Soap, 1 
pound, and adding while melted 1 ounce of Iodide of Potassium, dissolved 
in 3 ounces of Water. It is used for scrofulous and syphilitic sores. 

2925. Juniper Tar Soap. — This Soap may be prepared by saponifying 
Juniper Tar 1 part, mixed with Tallow 4 parts, with a solution of Caustic 
Soda, in the same manner as is directed for making Curd Soap. Other Tar 
Soaps may be made in the same general manner, care being used not to have 
them contain an excess of alkali. The Tar Soaps are highly esteemed in skin 
diseases. 

2926. Mercurial Soap. — This is made by saponifying Nitrate of Mercury 
Ointment with a solution of Caustic Soda. It is employed for some skin 
diseases. 

White Precipitate Soap may be made by incorporating 1 drachm of White 
Precipitate with 6 ounces of Curd or other White Soap. 

Red Precipitate Soap may be made with double the quantity of Red Pre- 
cipitate, as directed above. 

Corrosive Sublimate Soap may be prepared with Castile Soap, in powder, 
4 ounces, Corrosive Sublimate, in fine powder, 60 grains, Alcohol 1 fl. ounce, 
all well beaten together. 

2927. Sulphur Soap. — This Soap may be prepared by incorporating 5 per 
cent, of Precipitated Sulphur (see Sulphur) with Curd Soap while making. 

Alum-Sulphur Soap may be made by using 1 per cent, of Alum and 5 per 
cent, of Sulphur in the same manner. Sulphur Soap is a popular remedy for 
skin diseases. 

2928. Transparent Soap. — By cutting dry Curd, Castile or other varieties 
of Soap in fine shavings, and dissolving in an equal weight, or as little as 
possible, of Alcohol, and after standing for some time until all is dissolved 
that will, then pouring off the clear portion and casting in moulds, and drying. 
No more spirit than is necessary should be used. It may be perfumed as 
desired. 

2929. Turpentine Soap.— This may be made by mixing Carbonate of 
Potassium, Oil of Turpentine and Venice Turpentine, equal parts, in a warm 
mortar, adding a little water until they are combined. This is a stimulating 
soap for washing indolent ulcers, etc. 

The foregoing Soaps include nearly all that are used to any extent medic- 
inally. Other Soaps will be found among the toilet preparations. 



SELENIUM. SILICON. 745 

SELENIUM. 

Symbol, Se. ; Atomic weight, 78.8. 

Selenium is a rare elementary substance discovered in 1817, 
by Berzelius, in the refuse of the manufacture of sulphuric 
acid from pyrites of Fahlun in Sweden. Like sulphur it 
assumes three allotropic forms — amorphous, vitreous, and 
crystalline. It combines with oxygen and with hydrogen and 
some other elements, but its compounds are not used in 
pharmacy. 

2930. Selenic Acid — H 2 Se0 4 . — This is prepared by fusing Selenium 
with Nitrate of Potassium or Sodium, treating the fused mass with Water, 
precipitating the solution thus made with Nitrate of Lead, and then decom- 
posing the precipitated Selenate of Lead with Sulphuretted Hydrogen, and 
separating the liquid, which is Selenic Acid, from the precipitate. This Acid 
unites with bases forming Selenates. 

2931. Selenous Acid — H 2 Se0 3 . — This may be made by heating the 
foregoing rapidly. 



SILICON. 

Symbol, Si ; Atomic weight, 28. 

Silicon is an element classed chemically with Carbon and 
Boron, and like them is found in three allotropic states — amor- 
phous, crystalline, and graphitoidal. It is found abundantly 
in nature combined with earths, and in the form of sand, 
flint, quartz, etc., as an anhydride (silica), which is its only 
oxide. 

2932. Silica — Si() 2 . — This may be obtained most conveniently by de- 
composing the solution of Silicate of Sodium (1919) with Hydrochloric Acid, 
washing and drying the precipitate. It is a tine white powder, insoluble in 
all acids except hydrofluoric. It is an anhydride, but more frequently called 
Silicic Acid. It is soluble in strong alkali solutions by the aid of heat, form- 
ing salts called Silicates, as Silicate of Sodium, Silicate of Potassium, etc. 

In the crystalline form Silica is found in agate, amethyst, calcedony, corne- 
lian, onyx, etc., colored variously by admixture with other substances. In the 
form of sand and quartz, Silica is extensively employed in the manufacture 
of glass, being fused with soda ash or other alkali. 



746 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

Symbol, Na. ; Atomic weight, 23 ; sp. gr., 0.972. 

Sodium is one of the Alkali metals, having the same general 
characteristics as potassium. It is silver-white, soft, fuses at 
194 F., is volatilized at a red heat and oxidizes rapidly in con- 
tact with the air, having to be preserved in some hydro-carbon, 
as mineral naphtha. Thrown upon water it decomposes it 
with great violence but without flame, differing in this respect 
from potassium. 

It is prepared in the same manner as potassium (which see), 
and is the basis of the Sodium salts, combining with all acids 
and negative elements to form them. The salts of Sodium 
are all white, crystallizable, readily soluble, and are of great 
importance in the arts and in medicine. 

The following are the salts of Sodium official in the leading 
pharmacopoeias : 

2 933 Soda, U. S. Soda Caustica. Br. 

Soda — Hydrate of Sodium — Caustic Soda. 

NaHO. 

Caustic Soda as it is termed in trade is an article of great 
commercial importance, and is extensively used in the arts 
and industries of the world. It is prepared of several degrees 
of strength for manufacturing purposes, being from 60 to 98 
per cent, pure, and is furnished in drums or smaller packages, 
either in a solid mass, granulated, or in powder. For medici- 
nal use it is usually prepared by evaporating the solution of 
Soda, and casting in sticks in the same manner as is directed 
for making Potassa (which see). 

Uses. — Caustic Soda is extensively employed for making 
soap and many other articles of commercial importance. In 
pharmacy it is used for making Solution of Soda, and for other 
purposes. In medicine it is used as a caustic and given in 
solution greatly diluted. 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 747 

2934. Soda Tartarata. Br. 

Tartarated Soda — RocJielle Salt. 
NaKC 4 H 4 6 . 4 H 2 0. 
This is the British title for Potassii et Sodii Tartras, U. S., 
or Rochelle Salt, the process for making it being given under 
the U. S. title, which see (2424). 

2935. Sodii Acetas. 

Acetate of Sodium — Natrium Aceticum. 
NaC 2 H 3 2 .3H 2 0. 

This salt may be prepared by neutralizing Acetic Acid with 
Carbonate of Sodium, filtering the solution, concentrating by 
evaporation, and crystallizing. By continuing the evapora- 
tion, with stirring, it may be obtained granulated, in which 
form it is more convenient for pharmaceutical use. 

Uses. — Acetate of Sodium is used in pharmacy for making 
many other salts by double decomposition, and in medicine is 
much esteemed as a diuretic. The dose is from 20 to 60 
grains. 

2936. Sodii Arsenias. 

Arseniate of Sodium. 
The formula and process for making this salt will be found 
on page 178, which see. 

2937. Sodii Benzoas. 

Benzoate of Sodium — Natrium Bcnzoicum. 

NaC 7 H 5 2 .H 2 0. 

This salt may be prepared by adding Benzoic Acid to a hot 

concentrated solution of pure Carbonate of Sodium as long 

as effervescense occurs, then evaporating to dryness and 

granulating by stirring, or by crystallizing from the solution. 

Uses. — This salt is used in the treatment of rheumatism, 
and some kidney diseases. Also in septic diseases in doses of 
20 to 60 drains. 



748 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 



2938. Sodii Bicarbonas. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium — Natrium Bicarbonicum — 
" Baking Soda." 

NaHC0 3 . 
Commercial Bicarbonate of Sodium is prepared by saturat- 
ing Carbonate of Sodium with Carbonic Acid gas. As thus 
prepared it contains some impurities which are not desirable 
for medicinal use, the U. S. P. directing that the official salt 
shall contain 99 per cent, of Bicarbonate of Sodium. This 
may be made from the commercial salt by percolating 2 
pounds av. with three pints of water, which dissolves out the 
impurities; the residue left in the percolator is then dried on 
blotting paper. For most purposes, however, the commercial 
salt is employed. 

Uses. — Bicarbonate of Sodium is used for making many 
pharmaceutical preparations, and in medicine as an Anti-acid. 
In making aerated waters it is a convenient source of Carbonic 
Acid gas, which is liberated when it is decomposed. 

2939. Sodii Bisulphis. 

Bisulphite of Sodium. 
NaHS0 3 . 
The salt is prepared by passing Sulphurous Acid gas into a 
solution of Carbonate of Sodium until saturated, then evapor- 
ating and crystallizing. 

Uses. — In the arts this salt is extensively used for treating 
fabrics after bleaching with chlorine to neutralize excess. In 
medicine it is used as an antiseptic and antiferment in doses 
of 5 to 10 grains. 

2940. Sodii Boras. 

Borax — Borate or Bi-borate of Sodium. 
This salt is described on page 199, which see. 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 749 



2941. Sodii Bromidum. 

Bromide of Sodium. 
NaBr. 

This salt may be prepared according to the Br. P. in the 
same manner as is directed for making Bromide of Potassium, 
only using Solution of Soda instead of Solution of Potash, and 
being crystallized from warm solutions. It may also be pre- 
pared by decomposing Ferrous Bromide with Sodium Carbon- 
ate, Carbonate of Iron precipitating, and leaving Bromide of 
Sodium in solution which may be obtained by evaporating 
and crystallizing. 

Uses. — This salt is used for the same purposes as Bromide 
of Potassium, but is thought to be less irritating to the 
stomach. The dose is 30 to 60 grains. 

2942. Sodii Carbonas. 

Carbonate of Sodium. 
Na 2 C0 3 .ioH 2 0. 

Soda Ash is an impure Carbonate of Sodium prepared by 
first converting common salt into Sodium Sulphate by treating 
with Sulphuric Acid, and then by heating the Sodium Sulphate 
with Calcium Carbonate (Limestone) and fine coal, which de- 
composes the Sulphate of Sodium, forming insoluble Sulphate 
of Calcium and soluble Sodium . Carbonate, which is dissolved 
out, evaporated to dryness and further carbonated by calcin- 
ing with one-fourth its weight of sawdust. This mass is then 
redissolved in water and the solution evaporated to dryness, 
which forms the Soda Ash of Commerce, an article of great 
commercial importance in the manufacture of paper, glass, etc. 

Carbonate of Sodium is prepared from Soda Ash by lixivation 
and crystallization, Soda Ash containing about 50 per cent, of 
commercial Carbonate of Sodium. It is also prepared by the 
Ammonia process, and by the Cryolite process, the resultant 
product being the same. 

Uses. — It is extensively employed in the industrial arts, and 
is the source of mosl of the sodium salts. It is seldom given 
in medicine except in combination. The dose is 5 to 20 grains. 



750 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

2943. Sodii Carbonas Exsiccatus. 

Dried Carbonate of Sodium. 

This is prepared by breaking the salt into small fragments 
and allowing it to effloresce by exposure to warm air for seve- 
ral days, then heating it to 45 C. ( 1 1 3 F.) until it has been 
converted into a white powder weighing only one half as much 
as the quantity taken, it is then passed through a fine sieve. 
The Br. P. directs 8 ounces of Carbonate of Sodium in crystals 
to be dried until vapors cease to be evolved, leaving a residue 
of about 3 ounces, entirely deprived of water, Na 3 C0 3 . 

Uses. — This is better for some uses in pharmacy than the 
crystallized salt, as its water of crystallization is driven off. 
It is used for making into pills and powders. The dose is 5 
to 10 grains. 

2944. Sodii Chloras. U. S. 

Chlorate of Sodium. 
NaC10 3 . 

This salt may be prepared by decomposition between Acid 
Sodium Tartrate in solution, and Chlorate of Potassium in 
solution. Acid Potassium Tartrate is precipitated and Chlor- 
ate of Sodium remains in solution. The filtered solution is 
evaporated and crystallized. 

Uses. — This may be used for the same purpose as Chlorate 
of Potassium, and is preferable for solutions, being more 
soluble. The dose is 10 to 20 grains. 

2945. Sodii Chloridum. 

Chloride of Sodium — Salt. 

NaCl. 

This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed of 

natural salts. It is found in beds and mines as rock salt, and 

in solution in sea-water and salt springs and wells obtained by 

drilling, from which it is separated in crystalline form by 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 751 

evaporation. It is extensively used for various industrial 
purposes and as a seasoning and preservative of food. In 
pharmacy it is employed as a source of Chlorine, and in medi- 
cine is used as a styptic and for some other purposes. 



2946. Sodii Citro-Tartras Effervescense. Br. 

Effervescing Citro -Tartrate of Sodium. 
This is made according to the Br. formula as follows : 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, ... 17 ounces or parts. 

Tartaric Acid, in powder, . . 9 ounces or parts. 

Citric Acid, in powder, ... 6 ounces or parts. 

Refined Sugar, in powder, . . 5 ounces or parts. 

Mix the powders thoroughly, place them in a dish or pan of 
suitable form heated to between 200 and 220 F., and when 
the particles of the powder begin to aggregate, stir them 
assiduously until they assume a granular form ; then, by 
means of suitable sieves, separate the granules of uniform and 
most convenient size and preserve in well stopped bottles. 

Uses. — This is an effervescing salt when added to water, and 
is used as a refrigerant. It is given 60 to 120 grains in part 
of a glass of water. 

2947. Sodii Hypophosphis. 

HypopJiospJiitc of Sodium. 

NaH 2 P0 2 .H s O. 

This salt may be most conveniently prepared by adding 
Carbonate of Sodium to solution of Hypophosphite of Cal- 
cium as long as a precipitate of Carbonate of Calcium is formed, 
then filtering and evaporating to dryness by heat of a steam- 
bath, stirring constantly to granulate the salt. 

Uses. — This is similar in medicinal properties to other 
hypophosphites, and is much used in making syrups and solu- 
tions of Hypophosphites Compound, the dose being 5 to 10 
grains. 



752 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

2948. Sodii Hyposulphis. 

Hyposulphite of Sodium. 
Na 2 S 2 3 .5H 2 0. 

This salt is prepared from alkali waste by decomposing its 
Soluble Thiosulphate of Calcium, with Sulphate or Carbonate 
of Sodium. 

Uses. — It is a cheap sodium salt used for tanning, paper- 
making, etc., and by photographers, and in other arts. In 
medicine it is employed as an alterative and resolvent, in doses 
of 10 to 30 grains. 

2949. Sodii Iodidum. 

Iodide of Sodium. 

Nal. 

This may be made in exactly the same manner as Iodide of 
Potassium, except the Solution of Soda must be used instead 
of Solution of Potassa. It may also be made by decomposing 
a solution of Ferrous Iodide with Carbonate of Sodium, the 
solution being filtered, evaporated and crystallized. 

Uses. — Its uses are similar to Iodide of Potassium, the dose 
being 5 to 15 grains or more. 

2950. Sodii Nitras. 

Nitrate of Sodium — Natrium Nitricum. 

NaN0 3 . 

This is a native salt obtained from Chili and Peru and quite 
extensively sold as Chili Saltpetre. Being the cheapest source 
of nitrates it is extensively used for making Nitric Acid and 
some other preparations. 

Uses.— Its uses are similar in medicine to Nitrate of 
Potassium, but it is not considered so effective. The dose is 
10 to 20 grains. 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 753 



2951. Sodii Phosphas. 

Phosphate of Sodium — Natrium Phosphor icum. 
Na 2 HP0 4 .i2H 2 0. 
This may be prepared by adding a solution of Carbonate of 
Sodium to a solution of Acid Phosphate of Calcium prepared 
from a mixture of Bone-Ash and Sulphuric Acid. The follow- 
ing working formula shows the preparation of the Acid Phos- 
phate, and also of the Sodium Salt. The Acid Phosphate is 
first prepared and then the Sodium Salt : 

Bone-Ash, 16 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid, 10 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium, \ 

yj j each a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the powder with the Sulphuric Acid in an earthen 
vessel, and add 1 pint of water. Stir thoroughly and allow to 
stand three days heated moderately, with occasional stirring 
and addition of water to make up for evaporation ; then add a 
pint of boiling water, pour the mixture on a muslin strainer 
and gradually add more boiling water until the liquid passes 
nearly tasteless. Mix the liquids obtained and set aside to 
settle, then pour off the clear portion and evaporate to a pint. 

This is a solution of Acid Calcium Phosphate, containing 
some Sulphate of Calcium, which is mostly precipitated upon 
cooling. Let cool, pour off the liquid from the deposited salt, 
and heat the liquid again in a porcelain vessel ; to this add 
gradually a concentrated solution of Carbonate of Sodium so 
long as effervescense ensues, then filter and set aside to 
crystallize, the crystals being Phosphate of Sodium, and the 
Neutral Phosphate of Ca/cium is precipitated as a white powder. 

Uses. Phosphate of Sodium is considerably used in phar- 
macy to prepare other phosphates, by double decomposition, 
and is given as a cathartic in doses of % to ] ounce. The 
Acid Phosphate of Calcium in solution as above prepared 
when diluted is the basis of the Acid Phosphates. 

Liquor Acidi Phosphorici Compositum may be made by taking 
of this solution 1 pint, Water 2 pints, Phosphate of Sodium 
2 ounces av., Carbonate of Magnesium ' unce av., Phos- 



754 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

phate of Iron (scale salt) I ounce av., dissolving and filtering. 
If wanted without Iron the Iron Salt may be omitted. This 
is used as a nerve tonic, and for making syrup for soda water, 
I ounce being added to a pint of syrup. 

2952. Sodii Pyrophosphas. U. S. 

Pyrophosphate of Sodium. 
Na 4 P 3 7 .ioH 3 0. 

This is prepared by heating Phosphate of Sodium in a suit- 
able vessel to redness. It first melts, losing its water of 
crystallization by evaporation, only 40 per cent, of the salt 
remaining. The heat is then increased to 300 C. (572 F.), at 
which temperature it is converted into tribasic phosphate, 
or Pyrophosphate. This residue is then dissolved in water, 
the solution filtered, and the salt crystallized, making Pyro- 
phosphate of Sodium. 

Uses. — This is used in making Pyrophosphate of Iron, but 
is not employed in medicine. 

2953. Sodii Salicylas. 

Salicylate of Sodium. 
2NaC 7 H g 3 .H 2 0. 

This is most conveniently prepared from Salicylic Acid by 
mixing 100 parts with water to form a paste; then adding 104 
parts of pure crystallized Carbonate of Sodium reduced to a 
moderately fine powder. The reaction proceeds with efferves- 
cense caused by escaping Carbonic Acid gas. The solution is 
then strained, heated in a porcelain capsule until all gas is 
expelled, made neutral by the addition of either Salicylic 
Acid or Carbonate of Sodium, and evaporated at a low heat 
to dryness. 

The method of preparing this from phenol is described 
under Salicylic Acid, which see. 

Uses. — This salt is much used as a remedy for rheumatism 
and neuralgia, in doses of 15 to 30 grains, and in pharmacy for 
making other Salicylates. 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. J55 



2954. Sodii Santoninas. 

Santoninate of Sodium. 
2NaC 15 H 19 4 . 7 H 3 0. 

This may be prepared by adding to 4 fl. ounces of solution 
of Soda 1 fl. ounce of Water and mixing with the solution 1 
ounce av. of Santonin, heating and stirring until the salt is 
dissolved, then filtering and setting aside to crystallize. More 
crystals may be obtained by further concentration and crystal- 
lization. 

Uses. — This salt is sometimes used instead of Santonin as 
an anthelmintic, being more soluble, but it possesses no 
advantage over it. The dose is I to 3 grains. 

2955. Sodii Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Sodium — Glauber s Salt. 
Na 2 S0 4 .ioH 2 0. 

This salt is more familiarly known as Glauber's Salt, and is 
obtained most altogether as a by-product of the manufacture 
of other chemicals. It may be readily made by adding Sul- 
phuric Acid to a solution of Carbonate of Sodium until it is 
neutralized, evaporating and crystallizing. 

Uses.— It is used in making other preparations and as a 
" physic " for horses and cattle. It is also preferred by some 
to Epsom Salts as a cathartic in doses of half to one ounce. 

2956. Sodii Sulphis. 

Sulphite of Sodium. 
Na 2 S0 3 .7H 3 0. 
This may be most conveniently prepared by passing Sul- 
phurous Acid gas through a concentrated solution of Carbon- 
ate of Sodium until it is completely saturated and Acid 
Sodium Sulphite is formed. To this an equal weight of Car- 
bonate of Sodium is then added, making a solution of the 
neutral Sulphite of Sodium, which when evaporated with con- 
stant stirring to dryness yield Sulphite of Sodium as a granu- 



756 SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 

lar salt, which is preferred for medicinal use. A crystallized 
salt is also obtained by crystallizing from the solution. 

Uses. — This salt is used in the preparation of some phar- 
maceuticals, and in solution as an anti-ferment. It is also 
given in doses of from 10 to 30 grains. 

2 957- Sodii Sulphocarbolas. 

Sulphocarbolate of Sodium. 
NaC 6 H 5 S0 4 .2H 2 0. 

This may be prepared by mixing equal parts by weight of 
C. P. Sulphuric Acid and pure Carbolic Acid. The mixture 
must then be heated to a temperature of 55° C. (155 F.) for 
several days, and after that 20 parts of water added. Two 
parts of Carbonate of Barium are then mixed, a little at a 
time, with the solution to remove excess of Acid. The solu- 
tion is then filtered and the Sulphocarbolate of Barium re- 
maining in solution is decomposed by adding Carbonate of 
Sodium as long as a precipitate is formed. The liquid is then 
filtered, concentrated and crystallized. 

Uses. — This is given as an antiferment in doses of 10 to 20 
grains, and is used in cleansing injections. Also for making 
some preparations. 

2958. Sodii Valerianas. Br. 

Valerianate of Sodium. 
NaC 5 N 9 2 . 
The Br. P. directs this to be made as follows : 

Amylic Alcohol (Fusel Oil), ... 4 fl. ounces. 

Bichromate of Potassium 9 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid G 1 /? fl. ounces. 

Solution of Soda, a sufficiency. 

Water, 72 fl. ounces. 

Dilute the Sulphuric Acid with 10 fl. ounces of the Water, 
and dissolve the Bichromate of Potassium in the remainder of 
the Water with the aid of heat. When both liquids are cold 
mix them with the Amylic Alcohol in a retort or flask, with 



SODIUM OR NATRIUM. 757 

occasional brisk agitation, until the temperature of the mixture 
has fallen to about 90 F. (32°2C). Connect with a condenser 
and distill until about 5 pints of liquid have passed. Saturate 
the distilled liquid accurately with the solution of Soda, 
remove any oily fluid that floats on the surface, evaporate till 
watery vapor ceases to escape, then raise the heats cautiously 
so as to liquefy the salt. When cold put at once into stoppered 
bottles. 

Uses. — This salt is used for making Valerianate of Zinc and 
other valerianates, and is given as a nervine in doses of 1 to 5 
grains. 

Other Sodium Salts. 

The foregoing are all the salts of Sodium official in the 
leading pharmacopoeias, but some other salts are known and 
have their uses in pharmacy and medicine. The following 
are the most important : 

2959. Carbolate of Sodium— NaC 6 H 5 0. — Made by adding metallic 
Sodium to Carbolic Acid and allowing the solution to crystallize. 

2960. Citrate of Sodium.— By saturating a solution of Citric Acid with 
Bicarbonate of Sodium, concentrating the solution and crystallizing. 

2961. Ethylate of Sodium. — This salt may be prepared the same as 
Ethylate of Potassium by heating together Acetate of Ethyl and Metallic 
Sodium. It is used as a caustic. 

2962. Lactate of Sodium.— This may be made by diluting Lactic Acid 
with 3 parts of Water and saturating, while boiling, with Bicarbonate of 
Sodium, then evaporating. 

2963. Nitrate of Sodium— NaN0 2 . — This salt may be prepared by heat- 
ing together in a crucible 7 parts of Nitrate of Sodium and 1 part of Starch, 
dissolving the residue in Water and evaporating. 

2964. Silicate of Sodium— Na g 9i0 8 . — By mixing 1 part of Silica with 2 
parts of dried Carbonate of Sodium, and fusing in an earthenware crucible, 
and dissolving the mass, when cool and in powder, in water, then filtering, 
concentrating and • crystallizing. The solution of this salt is known as 
Water-Glass. (See 1919.) 

2965. Tartrate of Sodium— Na 2 C 4 H.,O .2H 2 O. — By dissolving 12 parts 
of Tartaric Acid and 1 5 pans Bicarbonate of Sodium, each separately in suf- 
ficient Water, mixing the solutions, filtering, concentrating and crystallizing. 

Some other Salts of Sodium are used for various purposes, as, Aluminiate 
of Sodium, and Stannate of Sodium as mordants for dyeing, and many 
double Salts of Sodium are known but are little used in pharmacy. 



758 SPECIES — TEAS. 



SPECIES — TEAS. 

Under this heading the German and some other pharma- 
copoeias direct a variety of mixtures of cut drugs, such as 
herbs, flowers, barks, roots, woods, leaves, etc., which are 
designed to be steeped in Water, and the liquid given as a 
drink or used dry as pillows, or moistened as cataplasms, etc. 
Several similar preparations have been put upon the market 
as proprietary remedies and have been quite popular. The 
following are official in the German Pharmacopoeia ; others will 
be found among The Standard Remedies. 

2966. Species Aromaticae. 

Aromatic Species or Herbs — Gewurzhafte Krduter. 

Peppermint, Wild Thyme, Garden Thyme, Lavender Flowers, each 2 
ounces or parts, Cloves, Cubebs, each 1 ounce or part. Cut and mix them. 
This is used dry for filling pillows and scent bags, or may be steeped if 
desired. 

2967. Species Emollientes. 

Emollient Cataplasm — Eriveichende Krduter. 

Althaea Leaves, Mallow Leaves, Melilot, Matricaria, Flaxseed, each equal 
parts. This is made into a poultice for pains, sores, swellings, etc. 

2968. Species Laxantes. 

Laxative Tea — St. Germain Tea — Abfiihrender Thee. 

Senna 16 parts, Elder Flowers 10 parts, Fennel 5 parts, Anise 5 parts, 
Bitartrate of Potassium 4 parts. Moisten the Senna previously cut ; sprinkle 
it uniformly with the Bitartrate of Potassium and mix. When dry, add the 
other ingredients and mix them well together. 

2969. Species Lignorum. 

Wood Tea — Hohthee. 

Guaiacum Wood 5 parts, Rest-harrow Root 3 parts, Russian Liquorice 
Root, Sassafras Wood, each 1 part. Cut them and mix well together. 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 759 



2970. Species Pectorales. 

Pectoral Tea — Brustthee. 

Althaea (Flowers), 8 parts. 

Russian Liquorice Root 3 parts. 

Orris Root, r part. 

Coltsfoot, 4 parts. 

Mullein Flowers, 2 parts, 

Anise , 2 parts. 

Cut and mix them. 

This is the most popular of the teas, being much used by the Germans for 
colds, influenzas and similar indispositions. A cup of boiling water is poured 
upon a tablespoonful of the tea and the infusion drank while warm, 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 

As understood in Pharmacy, Spirits are solutions of volatile 
substances in alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic liquids made by dis- 
tillation. They include solutions of volatile oils, ethers, gases 
and other substances. Commercially, spirits are understood 
to be alcohol, or alcoholic liquids, made by distillation and 
known as Liquors, or Spiritous Liquors. 

Many liquids are familiarly known as " Spirits " that are 
classed in pharmacy under other headings, and many of the 
liquids included among the Spirits, in pharmacy, are familiarly 
known as essences, extracts, etc. 

The following are the Spirits official in the leading pharma- 
copoeias : 

2971. Spiritus ^Etheris. 

Spirit of Ether. 

The U. S. preparation is made by mixing 

Stronger Ether, .... 30 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 
Alcohol 70 parts or <S '_. fl. ounces. 

The Br. preparation is : 

Ether, 10 fl. ounces. 

Rectified Spirit JO fl. ounces. 



?6<> SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



The German Pharmacopoeia directs : 

Ether, by weight, I part. 

Alcohol, by weight, 3 parts. 

and is familiarly known as " Hoffmann's Tropfen," although it 
differs from the U. S. preparation by this name. 

It is used as an anodyne in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 

2972. Spiritus ^theris Compositus. 

Compound Spirit of Ether — Hoffmann s Anodyne. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Stronger Ether, .... 30 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 67 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Etherial Oil, 3 parts or 150 minims. 

Mix them. 

The Br. formula amounts to the same, the Etherial Oil being 
directed to be made in the formula as it is not official in the 
Br. P. 

This is used as an anodyne and hypnotic, being generally 
called for as Hoffmann's Anodyne. 

The dose is from 20 to 60 minims. 

2 973- Spiritus Athens Nitrosi. 

Sweet Spirit of Nitre — Spirit of Nitrous EtJier. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Nitric Acid, 9 parts or 9 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid, 7 parts or 7 ounces av. 

Alcohol, . . I 

-rv 4--H j \\i «. f each a sufficient quantity. 

Distilled Water, \ H y 

Add the Sulphuric Acid gradually to 31 parts or 36 fl. ounces 
of Alcohol. When the mixture has cooled transfer it to a 
tubulated retort connected with a well-cooled condenser, to 
which a receiver, surrounded by broken ice, is connected air- 
tight, and which is further connected, by means of a glass 
tube, with a small vial containing water, the end of the tube 
dipping into the latter. Now add the Nitric Acid to the con- 
tents of the retort, and, having introduced a thermometer 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 761 



through the tubulature, heat rapidly, by means of a water- 
bath, until strong reaction occurs and the temperature reaches 
8o° C. (176 F.). Continue the distillation at that temperature, 
and not exceeding 82 C. (1S0 F.), until the reaction ceases. 
Disconnect the receiver and immediately pour the distillate 
into a flask containing 16 parts, or 1 pint of ice-cold distilled 
water. Close the flask and agitate the contents repeatedly, 
keeping down the temperature by immersing the flask occa- 
sionally in ice-water. Then separate the etherial layer and 
mix it immediately with nineteen times its weight of Alcohol. 

The processes and formulas of the Br., German and other 
pharmacopoeias differ considerably from the foregoing, but 
the resultant preparation is about the same. 

The liquid separated from the surface of the water before 
mixing with Alcohol is Nitrous Ether, which has lately had a 
large sale as concentrated Nitrous Ether, used for making Spirit 
of Nitre, by mixing with 19 parts of Alcohol. 

Uses. — Spirit of Nitrous Ether is much used as a diuretic 
and diaphoretic combined with other remedies. The dose is 
from 20 drops to a teaspoonful or more. 

2974. Spiritus Ammoniae. U. S. 

Spirit of Ammonia. 

Stronger Water of Ammonia, .... 8 fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, recently distilled, and which 
has been kept in glass, a quantity 

sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. 

Pour the Stronger Water of Ammonia into a flask connected 
with a well-cooled receiver into which a pint of Alcohol has 
been introduced. Heat the flask carefully and very gradually 
to a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. (140 F.), and maintain 
it at that temperature for about 10 minutes; then disconnect 
the receiver and having ascertained the ammoniacal strength 
of tin contents, bymeans of the volumetric solution of Oxalic 
Acid, add enough alcohol to make the product contain 10 per 
cent, of Ammonia. 
Uses. — This is used as a stimulant ^\\^\ antiacid, but is not 

known to possess any advantage over Water of Ammonia. 



762 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



2 975- Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Carbonate of Ammonium, . 40 parts or 516 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, . . 100 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Lemon, 12 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 part or 15 minims. 

Oil of Pimenta, 1 part or 15 minims. 

Alcohol, recently distilled, . 700 parts or 24}^ fl. ounces. 

Distilled water to make, . . 1000 parts or 35 fl. ounces. 

To the Water of Ammonia contained in a flask add 140 
parts, or 4 fl. ounces of distilled water, and afterwards the Car- 
bonate of Ammonia reduced to a moderately fine powder- 
close the flask and agitate the contents until the Carbonate is 
dissolved ; weigh the Alcohol in a tared flask of suitable capac- 
ity, or pour 400 parts or 24^ fl. ounces in a bottle; add the oils 
and afterward enough Distilled Water to make the product 
weigh 1000 parts, or measure 35 fl. ounces; lastly, filter through 
paper and keep in well-covered bottles. 

The Br. P. directs this to be made by distillation of the oils 
with rectified Spirit and Water, and then adding the Carbon- 
ate and Solution of Ammonia. The formula is as follows : 

Carbonate of Ammonium, .... 4 ounces av. 
Strong Solution of Ammonia, ... 8 fl. ounces. 

Volatile Oil of Nutmeg, \y 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Lemon, 6% fl. drachms. 

Rectified Spirit, sp. 

gr. 0.838, . . 1 153^ fl. ounces or 6 pints, Imp. 
Water, 57/4 fl. ounces or 3 pints. Imp. 

Place the Oils of Lemon and Nutmeg and Rectified Spirit 
with the Water in a retort. Distill 7 Imperial pints (134^ 
fl. ounces), and then distill and separately collect an additional 
9 fl. ounces. Place the 9 ounces of distillate, together with the 
Carbonate of Ammonium and the Strong Solution of Ammo- 
nia, in a bottle holding rather more than a pint (20 fl. ounces). 
Securely cork the bottle and gently warm it in a water-bath to 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 763 



140 F. (6o° C), shaking it from time to time until all the salt 
has dissolved. Filter if necessary, when cold, through cotton- 
wool, and gradually mix with it the 7 pints (134^ fl. ounces) 
of the Distilled Spirit. The product should measure an 
Imperial gallon (153^3 American fl. ounces). 

Anisated Spirit of Ammonia is made with Rectified Spirit 
12 fl.ounces, Oil of Aniseed 3 fl. drachms, Water of Ammonia 
3 fl.ounces. The Oil is dissolved in the Rectified Spirit and 
the Ammonia added. 

Uses. — Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia is used as a quick 
stimulant and diaphoretic in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 



2976. Spiritus Ammoniae Foetidus. Br. 

Fetid Spirit of Ammonia. 

Asafetida, i^s ounces av. 

Strong Solution of Ammonia, ... 2 fl.ounces. 
Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 

Break the Asafetida into small pieces and macerate it in a 
closed vessel in 15 fl.ounces of the Spirit for 24 hours; then 
distill off the Spirit, mix the product with the Solution of 
Ammonia, and add sufficient Spirit to make 20 fl.ounces. 

Uses. — This is given as an antispasmodic and stimulant in 
doses of 20 to 60 minims. 



2977. Spiritus Angelicae Compositus. G. P. 

('(impound Sfdrit of Angelica. 

This is made by macerating Angelica Root 16 parts. Vale- 
rian | parts, Juniper Berries 5 parts, cut and bruised, in 
Alcohol 75 parts, Water [25 parts, for 24 hours, then distilling 
off IOO partsand dissolving in the distillate Camphor 2 parts. 

Uses. — This is an aromatic stimulant and may be given in 
doses of !_• to i teaspoonful or more. 



764 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



2978. Spiritus Anisi. U. S. 

Spirit of Anise. 

Oil of Anise 10 parts or 1 ^ fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, 90 parts or 14% fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

Uses. — This is familiarly known as Essence of Anise, and is 
considerably used as an addition to carminative mixtures, as 
an aromatic. The dose is 5 to 20 minims or more. (See 890.) 

2979. Spiritus Armoraciae Compositus. Br. 

Compound Spirit of Horse Radish. 

Horse Radish Root scraped, . . 20 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel cut and bruised, 20 ounces av. 

Nutmeg, bruised, Yz ounce av. 

Proof Spirit, 1 53 A. ounces. 

Water, 58 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and distill a gallon. 

This is used as an aromatic stomachic, in doses of 1 to 2 
fl. drachms. 

2980. Spiritus Aurantii. U. S. 

Spirit of Orange. 

Oil of Orange Peel, . . 6 parts or i}£ fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, 94 parts or 14^ fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

This is used as a flavoring for elixirs, syrups, mixtures, etc. 
(See 509, 91 5.) 

2981. Spiritus Cajuputi. Br. 

Spirit of Cajnput. 

Oil of Cajuput, 1 fl.ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 49 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. This is given as a stimulant, etc., in doses of ^ 
to 1 teaspoonful. 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 765 



2982. Spiritus Camphorae. 

Spirit of Camphor. 

The U. S. formula for this spirit was changed in the 1880 
pharmacopoeia, the new preparation having proven generally 
unsatisfactory. The 1870 and 1880 formulas are, therefore, 
both given, the former being preferred. 

1870. 1880. 

Camphor, . . 4^ ounces aw Camphor, . . . 3^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, ... 2 pints. Alcohol, . . . 1b 1 /, fl.ounces. 

_. , , „ . . , . . Water 9 fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Camphor in the Alco- 
hol and filter through paper. Dissolve the Camphor in the Alco- 
hol, add the Water and filter through 
paper. 

The Br. P. formula is : 

Camphor, . . 1 ounce av. 

Rectified Spirit, 9 fl.ounces. 

The G. P. formula is : 

Camphor, 1 part. 

Alcohol, 7 parts. 

Water, 2 parts. 

Uses. — Spirit of Camphor is used extensively in liniments 
and other similar preparations in which it is obvious that the 
addition of Water in the formula is inexpedient. In medicine 
it is used for pain, swellings, rheumatic affections and in fact 
for nearly everything both externally and internally. The 
dose is 10 to 30 minims. 

2983. Spiritus Chloroformi. 

Spirit of Chloroform. 

The U. S. formula is : 

Purified Chloroform, . . 10 parts or 623 grains. 
Alcohol 90 parts or 15 fl.ounces. 

It may be made with Chloroform 1 fl.ounce, Alcohol 16 
fl.ounces. 



766 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



The Br. formula is : 

Chloroform, I fl. ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 19 fl. ounces. 

Uses. — Spirit of Chloroform is often prescribed and dis- 
pensed as Chloric Ether. It is used externally and internally 
as an anodyne and relaxative. The dose is 20 to 60 minims. 

2984. Spiritus Cinnamomi. 

Spirit of Cinnamon. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Oil of Cinnamon, ... 10 parts or 1^ fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 90 parts or 14^3 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

The Br. P. formula is : 

Oil of Cinnamon, 1 fl. ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 49 fl. ounces. 

Uses. — Spirit of Cinnamon is used as a flavoring ingredient 
for many preparations, and is given as a quick stimulant in 
doses of 20 to 60 minims. It is familiarly known as Essence 
of Cinnamon. (See 897.) 

2985. Spiritus Cochleariae. G. P. 

Spirit of Scurvy Grass. 

Scurvy-Grass 8 parts. 

Alcohol, 3 parts. 

Water, 3 parts. 

Cut the fresh flowering Scurvy-grass, mix it with the Alco- 
hol and Water, and distill off 4 parts. 

This is similar to but less aromatic than the Br. Spiritus 
Armoraciae Compositus. The dose is 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 

2986. Spiritus Formicarum. G. P. 

Spirit of Formic Acid. 

Alcohol, 70 parts. 

Water, 26 parts. 

Formic Acid, 4 parts. 

Mix them. This is also called Spirit of Ants. 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 767 



2987. Spiritus Frumenti. 

Whisky. 
This is official in the U. S. P., and is described as an Alco- 
holic liquid, obtained by the distillation of fermented grain 
(usually corn, wheat or rye), and at least two years old. 
Whisky contains about 50 per cent, of Alcohol, its standard 
proof being 100. The method of preparing it is described 
under the heading SPIRITOUS LIQUORS. It is a diffusive 
stimulant. 

2988. Spiritus Gaultheriae. U. S. 

Spirit of Gaultheria. 

Oil of Gaultheria (Wintergreen), 3 parts or 165 minims. 

Alcohol, 97 parts or 1 pint. 

Mix them. 

This is a weak solution of the oil corresponding with the 
strength of similar British Spirits. To make Essence of Win- 
tergreen, 1 ounce of the Oil should be dissolved in 15 fl. ounces 
of Alcohol. (See 927.) 

2989. Spiritus Juniperi. 

Spirit of Juniper. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Oil of Juniper 3 parts or 224 minims. 

Alcohol 97 parts or 1 pint. 

Mix them. (See also 90S.) 

The liquor called gin is often prescribed under the name 
Spiritus Juniperi, but is entirely unlike this preparation. 

The Br. formula directs Oil of Juniper 1 part, Alcohol 49 
parts. 

The G. P. directs Juniper Berries 4 parts, Alcohol, Water, 
each 15 parts, allowed to macerate: for 24 hours, and then 20 
parts to be distilled. 

Uses. — Spirit of Juniper is used as a stimulating diuretic, 
and for mixtures. 



768 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



2990. Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. U. S. 

Compound Spirit of Juniper. 

Oil of Juniper, .... 10 parts or 27 minims. 

Oil of Caraway, .... 1 part or 3 minims. 

Oil of Fennel, .... 1 part or 3 minims. 

Alcohol 3000 parts or 20 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficientto make 5000 parts or 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Water, mix and 
filter. This is given as a stimulant and diuretic. 

2991. Spiritus Lavandulae. 

Spirit of Lavender. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Oil of Lavender Flowers, . 3 parts or 220 minims. 

Alcohol, 97 parts or 16 fl. ounces. 

(See also 909). 

The Br. P. formula directs I fl. ounce of Oil of Lavender to 
be dissolved in 49 parts of Rectified Spirit. 

The G. P. directs Lavender Flowers, 5 parts to be mace- 
rated in Alcohol 15 parts, Water 15 parts, for 24 hours, and 
then 20 parts distilled. 

Uses. — Spirit of Lavender is given as an aromatic stimulant 
and stomachic in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 

2992. Spiritus Limonis. U. S. 

Spirit of Lemon. 

Oil of Lemon, 6 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Lemon Peel, freshly grated, . 4 parts or ]/ 2 ounce. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
Mix, macerate and filter. 

This is also known as Essence of Lemon or Flavoring Ex- 
tract of Lemon. It is used for flavoring medicinal prepara- 
tions, syrups, pastry, etc. (See also 910.) 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



2993. Spiritus Melissae Compositus. G. P. 

Compotind Spirit of Balm. 

Balm Leaves 14 parts, Lemon Peel 12 parts, Nutmeg 6 
parts, Cinnamon, Cloves, each 3 parts, are bruised and distilled 
with Water 250 parts, Alcohol 150 parts, recovering of the 
distillate 200 parts. 

This is a fragrant spirit used for flavoring medicines, etc. 

2994. Spiritus Menthae Piperitae. 

Spirit of Peppermint — Essence of Peppermint. 
The U. S. formula is: 

Oil of Peppermint, .... 10 parts or \T>/% fl. ounces. 
Peppermint in coarse powder, 1 part or 60 grains. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 1 pint. 

The substances are mixed, macerated and filtered. By add- 
ing a little Carbonate of Magnesium to the filter a clearer 
preparation is produced. 

The Br. P. directs 1 fl. ounce of Oil of Peppermint to be 
dissolved in 49 fl. ounces of Rectified Spirit. 

The G. P. formula is 1 part of Oil of Peppermint dissolved 
in 9 parts of Alcohol. 

Essence of Peppermint is usually made with Oil of Pepper- 
mint 1 ounce, Alcohol 15 ounces. (See 918.) 

Uses. — This essence is extensively used as household remedy 
for flatulence, colic, etc. The dose is 10 to 60 drops. 

2995. Spiritus Menthae Viridis. U. S. 

Spirit of Sjuarmint — Essence of Spearmint. 

Oil of Spearmint, .... 10 parts or i/s fl. ounces.. 

armint in coarse powder, 1 part or 60 grains. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 1 pint. 
Mix, macerate and filter. (See also 925.) 

Uses. — This is used for similar purposes as Essence oi Pep- 
permint. 



770 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



2996. Spiritus Myrciae. U. S. 

Spirit of Myrcia — Bay Rum. 

Oil of Myrcia, .... 16 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

1 part or 35 minims. 



Oil of Orange Peel, 
Oil of Pimenta, . 
Alcohol, . . . 
Water, .... 
To make . . . 



1 part or 28 minims. 
IOOO parts or 78 fl. ounces. 
782 parts or 49 fl. ounces. 
1800 parts or 1 gallon. 



Mix the Oils with the Alcohol and gradually add the Water 
to the solution. Set the mixture aside in a well-stopped 
bottle for 8 days, then filter through paper in a well-wetted 
funnel. Other formulas for Bay Rum which may be preferred 
to this will be found among the toilet preparations. 

2997. Spiritus Myristicae. 

Spirit of Nutmeg — Essence of Nutmeg. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Oil of Nutmeg, 3 parts or 220 minims. 

Alcohol, 97 parts or 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Oil in the Alcohol. 

The Br. formula is Volatile Oil of Nutmeg 1 fl. ounce, Rec- 
tified Spirit, 49 fl. ounces. 

This is used as a flavoring for medicinal preparations and 
pastry. (See 914.) 

2998. Spiritus Odoratus. 

Perfumed Spirit — Cologne Water. 

Oil of Bergamot, ... 16 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Lemon, .... 8 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Rosmary, .... 8 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Lavender Flowers, . 4 parts or y 2 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Orange Flowers (Neroli), 4 parts or ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

Acetic Ether, .... 2 parts or ^ fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 800 parts or 106 fl. ounces. 

Water, 158 parts or 17 fl. ounces. 

To make 1000 parts or 1 gallon. 



SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 771 



Dissolve the Oils and the Ether in the Alcohol and add the 
Water. Set the mixture aside in a well-closed bottle for eight 
days, then filter through paper in a well-covered funnel. 

Other formulas for Cologne which may be preferred to this 
will be found among the perfumes and toilet preparations. 

2999. Spiritus Rosmarini. Br. 

Oil of Rosmary, 1 fl. ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 49 fi. ounces. 

Dissolve. An aromatic stimulant. Dose 20 to 60 minims. 

3000. Spiritus Saponis. G. P. 

Spirit of Soap. 

Olive Oil, 60 parts. 

Solution of Potassa, G. P., 70 parts. 

Alcohol, 300 parts. 

Water, 170 parts. 

Boil the Oil and Solution of Potassa with one-fourth of the 
Alcohol on a water-bath until the Oil is saponified, and a small 
portion is found on trial to form a clear mixture with Alcohol 
and Water. Now replace any Alcohol lost by evaporation, 
add the remaining three-fourths of the Alcohol and the Water, 
and filter the liquid when cold. 

3001. Spiritus Sinapis. G. P. 

Spirit of Mustard. 

Volatile Oil of Mustard, 1 part. 

Alcohol, 49 parts. 

Mix and dissolve. A rubefacient and quick stimulant. It 
is given in doses of 10 to 60 minims. 

3002. Spiritus Vini Gallaci. 

Brandy — ■ French Brandy. 

An Alcoholic liquid obtained by the distillation of fermented 
grapes, and al leasl four years old. It is I'm ther noticed under 
the heading Spiri n »US LIQUORS. 

The German- Latin title is Spiritus Vini Cognac. 



77*2 SPIRITUS — SPIRITS. 



Other Spirits. 

Besides the official Spirits named, Alcohol, Diluted Alcohol, 
Rectified Spirit, and proof Spirit are noted under the heading 
ALCOHOL. The Alcoolats of French Pharmacy which corre- 
spond with spirits are noticed pages 94 and 453. Many of the 
preparations used in perfumes, and also Spiritous Liquors are 
classed as Spirits. A few only of those most popular in medi- 
cine, which have not been mentioned, are noticed here. 

3003. Spirit of Bryony Compound. — Bryony 8 ounces, Valerian 2 ounces, 
Pennyroyal 3 ounces, Rue 3 ounces, Mugwort, Feverfew, Savin, each yi ounce, 
Orange Peel, Lovage seeds, each 1 ounce, Brandy 10 pints, macerate and distill. 

3004. Spirit Fioravanti. — Swiss Turpentine 5 ounces, Elemi, Tacama- 
haca, Amber, Liquid Styrax, Galbanum, Myrrh, Bayberries, each 1 ounce, 
Aloes, Galangal Root, Ginger, Zedoary, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg, Cretum 
marium leaves, each ]/ 2 ounce, Alcohol 2 pints, macerate 6 days and distill 
25 fl.ounces. This is also known as Balsam Fioravanti, and is used for 
bruises, " black and blue " spots, etc. 

3005. Spirit of Mastic Compound. — Mastic, Myrrh, Olibanum, each 1 
ounce, Rectified Spirit 20 ounces, macerate and distill. This is used as an 
application for bruises, lameness, etc. 

3006. Spirit of Honey Compound.— Honey 32 parts, Coriander 32 parts, 
Lemon Peel, fresh, 4 parts, Cloves 3 parts, Nutmeg, Benzoin, Storax, each 2 
parts, Vanilla 1 part, Rose Water 20 parts, Orange Flower Water 20 parts, 
Alcohol 200 parts, macerate for 3 days and distill all the spiritous part. This 
is a fine aromatic for adding to other preparations or the toilet. 

3007. Vulnerary Spirit. — Dried Sage, Wormwood, Fennel Hyssop, Mar- 
joram, Savory, Thyme, Rosmary, Calamint, Balm, Peppermint, Scordium, 
Fresh leaves of Angelica, Basil, and Lavender Flowers, each 2 ounces, Proof 
Spirit 10 pints, digest 14 days and distill over 7 pints. This is a stimulant 
and vulnerary much used on the Continent as a cordial and cosmetic. 

3008. Spirit Pyoracetic, Acetone. — C 3 H 6 0. This is an inflammable 
volatile liquid obtained by subjecting Acetate of Lead or other mineral ace- 
tates to dry distillation. The acetates are first dried to make them anhydrous 
and then distilled with increased heat until all the volatile portions have 
passed over. The receiver contains crude acetone, which is purified by vari- 
ous means. It is also obtained as by-product in the manufacture of Aniline 
and some other substances. It is a solvent for resins and oils. 

3009. Spirit Pyroxylic — Wood Naphtha— Wood Spirit. — This is 
another name for Methylic Alcohol, which is obtained from crude Pyroligne- 
ous Acid by distillation and subsequent treatment. It was once employed 
considerably in medicine under the name of Hasting 's Wood Naphtha. 
(See also page 95.) 



STANNUM — TIN. 773 



STANNUM- TIN. 

Symbol, Sn ; Atomic weight, 1 1 7.7 ; Sp. gr. 7.30. 

This is a metallic element known since the earliest civiliza- 
tion. It is found mostly in the form of ore associated with 
other metals, and is obtained generally by smelting, and cast 
in bars or made into grain tin. It is white, like silver, harder 
than lead, very malleable, melts at 442 F., and is volatilized 
at a white heat. Tin is extensively used in the arts in making 
tin plate, tin foil, solder, etc. In solution with acids it is used 
as a mordant for dyeing, and its salts are somewhat used for 
various purposes. 

It forms important alloys with many other metals, making- 
bronze, bell metal, solder, pewter, etc. 

In the form of Tin Foil it is used to quite an extent for 
wrapping packages to keep them from moisture and to protect 
them, etc. It is also used for making tubes for paints, oint- 
ments, etc. 

The following are the Salts of Tin most used : 

3010. Chlorides of Tin — Stannous Chloride. Sn CL. — An anhydrous 
salt is made by distilling together a mixture of Tin and Chloride of Mercury. 
A hydrated or crystallized salt is made by boiling Tin in excess with Hydro- 
chloric Acid, the liquid may be poured off and evaporated to a granular salt. 

Stannic Chloride, SnCl 4 . This is made by dissolving grain tin in a mix- 
ture of 2 measures of Hydrochloric Acid with one measure each of Nitric 
Acid and Water. The solution evaporated to granulation is known as " Salts 
of Tin," used for dyeing. Solution of Chloride of Tin (Stannic Chloride) is 
also much used for dyeing. (See 2042.) This is also known as Spirits of 
Tin. 

301 1. Hydrates of Tin — Hydrated Oxide of Tin, Sn(HO) 3 .— This is 
made by precipitating Stannous Chloride with Carbonate of Potassium, and 
washing the precipitate. Hydrated Peroxide of Tin or Stannic Acid, 
Sn(HO) 4 is made by adding Carbonate of Potassium to a solution of Stannic 
Chloride, and washing the precipitate. 

3012. Iodides of Tin — Protiodide of Tin, SnP, — is prepared by heating 
tin and iodine together. Stannic Iodide Snl, is made by dissolving tin in 
hydriodic acid and crystallizing. 

3013. Oxides of Tin — Stannous Oxide, SnO, — is made by igniting the 
Hydrate of Tin in an atmosphere of Carbonic Anhydride. Stannic Oxide is 
prepared by the action of Nitric Acid on metallic tin and washing the powder 



774 STRONTIUM. 



with water. It is also prepared by heating tin above its melting point in the 
air. It is known as Polisher's Putty, and is used for polishing tin ware and 
other substances. 

3014. Sulphides of Tin— Stannous Sulphide, SnS— is made by heating 
tin and sulphur together. Stannic Sulphide SnS 2 , known also as bronze 
powder, mosaic gold, etc., is made by melting tin 12 ounces, and adding 
Mercury 6 ounces, allow to cool and add Chloride of Ammonium 6 ounces, 
Sulphur 7 ounces, and after thoroughly mixing heating in a glass flask by a 
sand-bath for several hours to redness until white fumes cease to rise. This 
is used as a substitute for gold in bronzes, varnishes, sealing wax, etc. 

3015. Tin Mordants— A great variety of these are used for dyeing, 
different combinations being used for different purposes. For Cochineal, a 
mixture of Nitric Acid and Water, each 2 pounds, Sal Ammoniac 2 ounces, 
dissolved, and \yi ounces of pure Tin, gradually dissolved in the liquid. For 
Madder — Nitric Acid 8 parts, Common Salt 1 part, Water 8 parts. Tin 1 
part. This is the common Tin Spirit used by dyers. Other combinations 
are used for other purposes. 



STRONTIUM. 

Symbol, Sr. ; Atomic weight, 87.4. 

A metallic element discovered by Sir H. Davy in 1808, and 
similar in its characteristics to Barium, but having less metallic 
luster. 

Its salts are chiefly used in pyrotechnics for making red fire, 
but are not employed in medicine. 

3016. Carbonate of Strontium — SrC0 3 . — This may be prepared by add- 
ing a solution of Carbonate of Sodium to a solution of Nitrate of Strontium 
and collecting the precipitate. 

3017. Nitrate of Strontium — Sr2N0 3 . — This is made by saturating 
Nitric Acid with Carbonate of Strontium, concentrating the solution and 
crystallizing or stirring while evaporating to granulate. It must be dried by 
very gentle heat. It is used in making red lire for pyrotechnics and theatrical 
illuminations. 

3018. Strontium Oxide — SrO. — This is obtained by igniting the Nitrate 
of Strontium and collecting the residue. 

3019. Strontium Sulphate — SrS0 4 . — This may be made by adding 
Sulphuric Acid to a solution of Nitrate of Strontium ; Sulphate of Strontium 
is precipitated. 



SUCCI — JUICES. 775 



SUCCI — JUICES. 

The name juice is applied in pharmacy to a variety of very 
different preparations. No juices as such are now official in the 
U. S. P., but the Br., French and German Pharmacopoeias 
recognize several inspissated and liquid juices. Besides the 
juices that are employed as medicinal agents, the juices of 
fruits are extensively used in making syrups for Soda Water 
and other purposes. 

The following are the juices which may be classed as 
medicinal. 

3020. Succus Belladonnae. Br. 

Juice of Belladonna. 
Fresh leaves and young- branches of Belladonna, . . 7 pounds av. 
Rectified Spirit a sufficiency. 
Bruise the Belladonna in a stone mortar, press out the juice, and to every 
3 measures of juice add one of the Spirit. Set aside for seven days and filter, 
keep in a cool place. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 

3021. Succus Conii. Br. 

Juice of Hemlock. 
Fresh leaves and young branches of Hemlock (Conium), 7 pounds. 
Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 

Make in the same manner as the preceding. The dose is )/ z to 1 fl. drachm. 

3022. Succus Hyoscyami. Br. 

Juice of Henba?ie. 
Fresh leaves, flowering tops and young branches of Henbane, 7 pounds. 
Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 

Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose yi to 1 fl. drachm. 

3023. Succus Juniperi Inspissatus. G. P. 
Inspissated Juice of Juniper Berries — Extract of J 101 /per Berries. 

Fresh Juniper Berries bruised 1 part. 

Hot Water 4 parts. 

Pour the Water on the Berries and having stirred them frequently during 
12 hours, express the liquid and evaporate the strained liquid to a thin 



776 succi — juices. 

3024. Succus Liquiritiae. G. P. 

Extract of Liquorice. 
An Extract prepared by boiling and expressing the roots of glycyrrhiza 
glabra. The ordinary Extract of Liquorice of commerce. It is made up in 
the form of mass for manufacturing purposes, but is made into sticks for 
sale and use in pharmacy. The Liquorice Mass is extensively used in 
making plug tobacco. 

3025. Succus Liquiritise Depuratus. G. P. 

Purified Extract of Liquorice. 
Prepared by exhausting the Extract of Liquorice with cold water and 
evaporating the clear liquid to a thick extract. (See also 1026.) 

3026. Succus Scoparii. Br. 

Juice of Broom. 

Fresh Broom Tops, 7 pounds. 

Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 

3027. Succus Taraxaci. Br. 

Juice of Dandelion. 

Fresh Dandelion Root 7 pounds. 

Rectified Spirit, a sufficiency. 
Make in the same manner as Juice of Belladonna. Dose 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 
Chicory Jtiice is made in the same manner. 

In French Pharmacy the juices of a great number of plants prepared in a 
similar manner to the foregoing are used. 

Fruit Juices. 

Although these are not employed in medicine, except for 
their flavoring and acid constituents, they are extensively used 
by druggists for making Soda Water Syrups and aerated 
beverages. The following general process for preparing Fruit 
Juices if carefully followed will prove perfectly satisfactory : 

3028. General Process for making Fruit Juices. 

The fruit should be thoroughly ripe, but not over ripe, and it should be 
carefully selected, throwing out all that is mouldy or spoiled. Some fruits 
require mashing or grinding and others do not. When the juice can well be 
obtained without mashing the fruit, as with strawberries, raspberries and 



succi — juices. 777 



similar fruit, it is best not to mash them, as when mashed they form a gelat- 
inous mass from which it is more difficult to express the juice then when in 
their natural state. Grapes, cherries, currants and other similar fruit having a 
heavy skin must be ground or mashed with pounders ; grinding is the best. 
Pineapples, apples, pears, etc., must be either ground, grated or dessicated. 
and pulpy fruits like lemon, orange, etc., should be chopped or otherwise cut 
up so that the juice may be obtained by pressure. When the fruit is prop- 
erly reduced to the condition for pressing it is put in a wooden press and the 
juice as much as possible obtained from it by pressure. In making juice in 
a large way the pulp is run through wooden rollers first, by which a large 
portion of the juice is separated and the pomace afterward pressed in a press. 
A layer press is the best, but an ordinary wooden hoop cider press will do for 
small manufacturing and still smaller quantities may be imperfectly pressed 
out by hand. In small presses all the juice cannot be obtained with one 
pressing, and the pumace may be taken out, broken up and pressed again. 
When the juice is obtained, care being taken to keep it as cool and clean as 
possible, it may either be put up hot in bottles without any preservative or 
cold in bulk by adding the proper preserving ingredients. If put up hot, the 
juice is to be brought to a quick boil and skimmed ; then, while still boiling 
hot, put into hot bottles taken from boiling water and at once securely corked 
and put away in a cool place. If put up by the cold process in bulk, it may 
be preserved by adding 1 5 per cent, of cologne Spirit of Alcohol proof, or by 
adding to each gallon 30 grains of Salicylic Acid dissolved in 4 ounces of 
Cologne Spirit, or by dissolving in it all the sugar that will hold in solution. 
After standing, juices deposit albuminous matter, which may be separated 
by decanting or filtering. 

The cold process for preparing juices secures the finest product and the 
best flavor, much of the fine flavor of fruits being volatilized when heated. 
The important points to bear in mind are : first, to select good, sound ripe 
fruit; second, to work it up quickly and keep it cool and as little exposed as 
possible ; and third, to put up and put away in a cool place before fermenting, 
or as soon as possible after the juice is obtained. No matter if the juice is 
" muddy," it will settle clear, and can be decanted or filtered before using. 
Juices put up by the cold process retain their entire flavor and most of their 
color ; if heated, much of their flavor is dissipated and the color changed. 

Fruit Syrups may be made from these juices as a rule, by adding 1 part 
of the juice to 4 parts of syrup. They are very convenient to use as additions 
to medicinal preparations and are extensively used as soda water syrups. 

The following Juices and Syrups may be made in the manner which has 
been described : 



Apricot, 


Currant, Black, 


( (range, 




Quince, 


Blackberry, 


Currant, Red, 


Peach, 




Raspberry, Black, 


Blueberry, 


Grape, 


Pear, 




Raspberry, Red, 


Cherry, Black, 


Lemon, 


Pineapple, 




Strawberry, 


Cherry, Red, 


Lime, 


I'lum or P 


ruen, 


and others. 



778 SULPHUR. 



SULPHUR. 

Symbol, S ; Atomic weight, 32. 

Sulphur is an elementary substance, existing in nature 
mostly in combination with other substances in the form of 
ores, but sometimes found in a free state as a result of vol- 
canic action. It is closely allied in its analogies and charac- 
teristics to phosphorus. Its salts, the sulphides and sulphates, 
are very abundant in all parts of the world, and form an im- 
portant part of the mineral constituents of the earth. 

Sulphur is found in three different forms in the market : 
Sublimed Sulphur, Roll Sulphur, and Precipitated Sulphur, all 
of them having their uses in the arts and in pharmacy. It 
combines directly with several of the elements, forming sul- 
phides or snlphnrcts, which vary in their union with other 
bodies, some of them acting as bases and some as acids. 

Sulphur is employed to a large extent for manufacturing 
sulphuric acid, gunpowder, vulcanized rubber, and many other 
articles of great commercial importance. 

3029. Sulphur Sublimatum. 

Sublimed Sulphur. 
S. 
Sublimed Sulphur, or Flowers of Sulphur, is made by 
heating Sulphur and conducting the vapor into properly con- 
structed cooled chambers, where the Sulphur collects on the 
sides and bottom in the form of a light powder, which is 
known in commerce as " Sulphur." It is a light-yellow pow- 
der, insoluble in water or alcohol, and when ignited burning 
with a blue flame with production of Sulphurous Acid gas. 
Brimstone or Roll Sulphur is the same chemically, but is run 
into sticks or rolls, and usually contains impurities. 

Uses. — Sublimed Sulphur is used in the arts for various 
purposes, and given in medicine as a laxative and diaphoretic 
in doses of 20 to 120 grains, or more. It is used externally in 
the form of ointment as an application for parasitic diseases, 
etc. 



SULPHUR. 779 



3030. Sulphur Lotum. 

Washed Sulphur. 
S. 
This is a purified Sulphur, made by washing 12 parts or 16 
ounces of Sulphur with 1 part or 10 fl. drachms of Water of 
Ammonia and a quantity of water sufficient, so that the wash- 
ing will produce no precipitate with test solution, Chloride of 
Barium, showing it free from soluble combinations or Sul- 
phuric or Sulphurous Acids. 

Uses. — This is intended to be used for internal administra- 
tion, and is frequently mixed with Cream of Tartar and taken 
as a laxative and blood-cleanser. 



3031. Sulphur Praecipitatum Lac Sulphur. 

Precipitated SiripJmr — Milk of Sulpliur. 

S. 

Sublimed Sulphur, .... 100 parts or 2 pounds. 

Lime, 50 parts or 1 pound. 

Hydrochloric Acid, ) 

■yxj r each a sufficient quantity. 

Slake the Lime and make it into a uniform mixture with 
500 parts or 10 pints of Water; add the Sulphur, previously 
well dried and sifted, and mix well together; then add 1000 
parts or 20 pints of water, and heat the mixture to boiling for 
one hour, stirring constantly, and adding water occasionally 
to make up for evaporation ; then cover the vessel, allow to 
cool, pour off the clear solution and filter the remainder, add- 
ing the filtrate to the poured off portion, and gradually add to 
the liquid Hydrochloric Acid diluted with an equal volume 
of Water until the liquid is nearly neutral but still slightly 
alkaline. Collect the precipitate which forms on a strainer 
and wash with water until the washings are tasteless, and dry 
by gentle heat. 

Uses. — Precipitated Sulphur is much used in making hair 
restoratives and general!}' in liquid preparations, when Sul- 



780 SULPHUR. 



phur is required to be suspended, as it is much finer and softer 
than other forms of Sulphur. It is also used in making oint- 
ments, cerates, etc. The dose is from 30 grains to 3 drachms. 

3032. Sulphuris Iodidum. 

Iodide of Sulphur. 

Washed Sulphur, I part or 1 ounce. 

Iodine, 4 parts or 4 ounces. 

Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed, then 
introduce the mixture into a flask, close the orifice loosely, 
and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without 
melting it. When the color has become uniformly dark 
throughout, increase the heat so as to liquefy the mass, and 
incline the flask in different directions in order to return into 
the liquid any portion of the Iodine which may have con- 
densed on the inner surface of the flask; then withdraw the 
heat, and after the liquid has become solid break the flask 
and remove the mass to glass-stoppered bottles. 

Uses. — This compound is chiefly used for making ointment 
for skin diseases. 

Other Forms of Sulphur. 

3033. Amorphous Sulphur— Sulphur Fitscum, Brown Sulphur, Red 
Sulphur. — This is prepared from Sublimed Sulphur by melting it, increasing 
the heat to from 320 to 350 F., and continuing at that temperature for 
about half an hour, or until it becomes brown and viscid, then pouring into 
water. In this state it is ductile and easily moulded like wax, but does not 
become fluid until heated to over 6co° F. 

3034. Roll Sulphur or Brimstone. — This is Crude Sulphur purified by 
melting, skimming and pouring it into moulds. It is used extensively for 
bleaching, burning more readily than sublimed Sulphur, and as a cement for 
setting stone and many other purposes. It is seldom employed in medicine 
because of its impurities. 

3035. Sulphur Vivum — Black Sulphur, Crude Sulphur, Horse Brim- 
stone. — This is Crude native Sulphur, a gray or mouse-colored powder. It 
is seldom found in the market, — the residuum of the subliming pots being 
substituted for it. It contains quite a large percentage of Arsenic, and is 
therefore not used except for horses and stock. 



SULPHUR. 781 



Salts of Sulphur. 

The Iodide of Sulphur is the only official salt in which sulphur acts as the 
basic substance. It forms compounds, however, with the other halogen 
elements. Bromine — Bromide of Sulphur S 2 Br 2 , and with Chlorine — 
Chloride of Sulphur, S 2 C1 2 , but they are seldom used. 

With most of the positive elements Sulphur combines, forming Sulphides 
or Sulphurels, which are noticed under the basic elements with which the 
combination is made. The name hepar was given by the old chemists to 
the liver-colored combinations formed by the union of Sulphur with antimony, 
potassa, soda, calcium, etc. It is still retained in Homoeopathic Pharmacy. 
Hepar Sulphuris or Hepar Sulphur (Calx Sulphurata), Hepar Sulphuris 
Kalinum (Sulphuretted Potash), being the official titles in their pharma- 
copoeia. 

Acids of Sulphur. 

Sulphur forms combinations with hydrogen and oxygen, as follows : 

3036. Hydrogen Sulphide — Sulphuretted Hydrogen H 2 S. — This is an 
inflammable gas occurring in nature and produced by the decomposition of 
substances containing sulphur. It may be conveniently prepared by decom- 
posing ferrous sulphide with Sulphuric Acid diluted with water. This gas is 
extensively used in chemical laboratories in the manufacture of chemicals. 

Hydrogen Persidphide is an oily fluid similar in properties and uses to 
Hydrogen Peroxide. 

With Oxygen, Sulphur forms two oxides, which are known as Sulphurous 
and Sulphuric Anhydrides, and which unite with the elements of water 
making Sulphurous and Sulphuric Acids. 

3037. Sulphurous Acid — H 2 S0 3 . — When Sulphur is burned in the atmos- 
phere, gaseous Sulphurous Anhydride or Oxide S0 2 is formed, which, when 
dissolved in water produces Sulphurous Acid. The Sulphurous Acid of the 
market contains about 5 per cent, or less of the gas. (See page 74.) The 
salts formed with this acid and basis are called Sulphites. 

3038. Sulphuric Acid — H 2 S0 4 — Oil of Vitriol. — This Acid is now mostly 
made by roasting iron pyrites or Bisulphide of Iron or other Sulphides, the 
metals of which have a commercial value. The Sulphur contained in the 
compounds is converted into Sulphuric Acid by distilling its vapor, which 
consists of Sulphuric anhydride or < >.\ide S( > :; , which unites with the elements 
of water, forming Sulphuric Acid. This Arid is extensively used in various 
manufacturing industries and in pharmacy. (See page 73.1 Tin- salts formed 
with this acid and bases are called Sulphates. 

Besides these acids formed from the oxides of Sulphur, Hypo-Sulphurous 
Acid, H 8 S0 9 , the oxide corresponding to which has not been determined, 
Thiosulphurii Acid, I l.,S,,0 ;i and other Acids, forming a Thionic series, are 
known. 



782 SULPHUR. SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 

3039. Sulpho-Acids. — Sulphuric Acids unites with some other acids, 
forming a class of Sulpho-Acids. 

3040. Sulpho-Carbolic Acid— HC 6 H 3 S0 4 — is made by mixing equivalent 
weights of Sulphuric and Carbolic Acids. It is obtained from its solution as a 
solid by crystallization. This Acid forms with metallic bases a class of salts 
known as Sit/p/iocarbo/ates, as Sulphocarbolate of Calcium Ca 6 (CH 5 S0 4 ) 2 , 
Sulphocarbolate of Copper Cu(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , Sulphocarbolate of Iron, Fe 
(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , Sulphocarbolate of Sodium, Na(C 6 H 5 )S0 4 , Sulphocarbolate 
of Potassium, KC 6 H 5 S0 4 , Sulphocarbolate of Ammonium, NH 4 C 6 H 5 S0 4 , 
Sulphocarbolate of Zinc, Zn(C c H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , etc. 

3041. Sulphocyanogen.— This is a compound, made by the union of Sul- 
phur and Cyanogen, acting as an acid and forming with some bases salts 
known as Sulphocyanides. 

3042. Sulphovinic Acid — C 3 H 5 HS0 4 . — This acid is formed by the 
union of Sulphuric Acid with the Etheylic Alcohol radical before the forma- 
tion of ether is completed. The salts of this acid are called Sulpha vinates, or 
Sulphetliylates, as Sulphethylate of Calcium, copper, potassium, sodium, etc. 



SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 

Suppositories are bodies, usually of cone shape, and made 
of some substance readily melted or soluble at the tempera- 
ture of the internal cavities of the body. They are prepared 
with medicinal substances mixed with the mass so that their 
effect will be obtained as the suppository melts. 

Moulds of suitable form may be obtained for making sup- 
positories, the ones usually employed beir g cone-shape for 
making rectal suppositories. 

Many substances have been employed as a base for supposi- 
tories, but none has been found so suitable for this purpose as 
Oil of Theobroma (" Butter of Cacao "). 

It melts readily at the temperature of the body, yet has 
consistence enough to retain its form at ordinary temperatures. 
It is mild, bland, and non-irritant. Many attempts have been 
made to introduce suppositories in which Gelatin is used as a 
base; but without success, for the reason that it cannot be 
made soluble at the normal temperature of the body, and is 
therefore worthless for this purpose. 

The following is in substance the general formula for sup- 
positories given in the 1S80 Pharmacopoeia: 



SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 783 

3043. General Formula for Suppositories. 

Mix the medicinal substance, or substances (previously 
brought to a proper consistence if necessary), with a small 
quantity of Oil of Theobroma, by rubbing them together, and 
add the mixture to the remainder of the Oil of Theobroma, 
previously melted and cooled to the temperature of 35 C. 
(95 ° F.). Then mix thoroughly without applying more heat 
and immediately pour the mixture into suitable moulds, which 
have been previously cooled on ice. The melted oil, etc., 
should be stirred before filling each mould. 

Suppositories may be made without moulds by mixing the 
medicinal substance, or substances, with a small portion of the 
Oil of Theobroma in a mortar which has been slightly warmed, 
and then adding the remainder of the Oil of Theobroma and 
mixing thoroughly. When thus mixed the mass may be trans- 
ferred to a pill tile (which has been sprinkled with flour or 
other convenient substance to prevent it sticking), rolled out 
and divided the same as a pill mass. The sections may then 
be made conical in shape by rolling one end of them on the 
pill tile. 

This is by far the most convenient way to make supposi- 
tories when prescribed, and it ensures a more even distribution 
of the medicinal agent than when made by heat, as it is almost 
impossible to incorporate many of the solid extracts with the 
melted oil. 

The solid Extracts must be softened by rubbing with a little 
water or alcohol before mixing with the Oil. 

Several machines for making suppositories by the cold pro- 
cess have been invented, some of which are very good, though 
but few druggists have enough demand for suppositories to 
make it profitable to buy one. 

The following general formula for making one dozen 15 
grains suppositories will be found convenient for reference. 

3044. Formula for one dozen Suppositories. 

The medicinal substance or substances. 
Oil of Theobroma, sufficient to make . 180 grains. 
Make as previously directed. 



784 SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 

This is the size that is usually prescribed as rectal supposi- 
tories with which druggists are most familiar. They are 
usually made conical in form. 

Vaginal suppositories are usually made at least double this 
size, and oviform. 

Urethral Suppositories are generally made "long, slim and 
slender," like a pipe stem. 

Pessaries are made larger than any of the preceding, and 
usually ob-oviform. Suppositories are also made hollow for 
the introduction of medicine, but are not in general favor, as 
the prolonged action of the medicine by the gradual, melting 
of the suppository, is usually desired. 

A great variety of combinations are made up in the form of 
Suppositories, being naturally classed according to the uses 
for which they are designed, as Anodyne, Antiseptic, Astrin- 
gent, Hypnotic, etc. There are also Rectal, Urethral, Vaginal, 
Aural, and Nasal Suppositories, made up in different forms to 
suit the localities in which they are designed to be used. 

The medicinal composition of the principal Suppositories is 
shown in the following list, each Suppository containing the 
stated quantity of the medicinal agent, with sufficient Cacao 
Butter to make them. Other substances also are used as a 
base for Suppositories, as Starch Plasma, Soap, etc., but they 
are not as good as Cacao Butter : 

Rectal Suppositories. 

These are generally made in cone-shape moulds, containing about 15 
grains. The moulds are dusted with Lycopodium or fine Starch, and cooled 
on ice before pouring in the material. 

ANODYNE. 

3045. Extract Belladonna. — These 4 grains, Aqueous Extract Opium 1 
are made )^, )/ z and 1 grain in each of grain, in each. 

Extract of Belladonna. ^g H yoscyamus, Codeine, and 

3046. Extract Hyoscyamus.— Cannabis Indica.— Extract Hyoscya- 
These are made to contain 3 or 5 grains mus> Codeine, each 1 grain, Extract 
each of Extract Hyoscyamus. Cannabis Indica % grain ; or Extract 

3047. Hyoscyamus and Opium. — Hyoscyamus, Codeine, and Extract 
Extract Hyoscyamus 2 grains, Aqueous Cannabis Indica, each 2 grains, in each 
Extract Opium 1 grain; or Hyoscyamus suppository. 



SUPPOSITORIA— SUPPOSITORIES. 



785 



3049. Hyoscyamus, Coca, and 
Cannabis Indica. — Extract Hyoscya- 
mus 1 grain, Extract Coca 2 grains, 
Extract Cannabis Indica ]/ z grain ; or 
Extract Hyoscyamus 4 grains, Extract 
Coca 5 grains, Extract Cannabis Indica 
2 grains, in each suppository. 

3050. Morphine Sulphate or Ace- 
tate. — These are made with either the 
Sulphate or Acetate of Morphine, to 
contain T V, }s> l A>, %, %, or 1 grain of 
the salt. 

3051. Morphine and Atropine. — 
Sulphate of Morphine l /% grain, Sulphate 
of Atropine -.j}^ grain ; or Sulphate of 
Morphine yi grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
pine 2^ grain, in each suppository. 

3052. Morphine, Atropine, and 
Cocaine. — Sulphate of Morphine X 
grain, Sulphate of Atropine -j-J,,- grain, 
Hydrochlorate of Cocaine }i grain ; or 
Sulphate of Morphine %, grain, Sul- 
phate of Atropine T ^ v grain, Hydro- 
chlorate of Cocaine y, grain, in each 
suppository. 

3053. Morphine, Atropine, Co- 
caine, and Cannabis Indica. — Sul- 
phate of Morphine y. grain, Sulphate 
of Atropine -j-J-j grain, Hydrochlorate 
of Cocaine l /£ grain, and Extract Can- 
nabis Indica ]/ 2 grain ; or Sulphate of 
Morphine x / 2 grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
pine T } i(i grain, Hydrochlorate of Co- 



caine Yz grain, Extract Cannabis Indica 
y 2 grain, in each suppository. 

3054. Opium. — These are made to 
contain y§, yi, %, y, 1, 2, 3, or 4 grains 
each of Powdered Opium. 

3055. Extract Opium. — These are 
made to contain %, y, 1, or 2 grains 
each of Aqueous Extract of Opium. 

3056. Opium and Belladonna. — 
These are made in a great many pro- 
portions as follows : Powdered Opium 
%, grain, Extract Belladonna y grain ; 
Powdered Opium t grain, Extract Bella- 
donna % grain ; Powdered Opium 2 
grains, Extract Belladonna y grain ; 
Powdered Opium 3 grains, Extract Bel- 
ladonna yi grain. 

3057. Extract Opium and Bella- 
donna. — These are made in several 
proportions as follows : Aqueous Ex- 
tract Opium yi grain, Extract Bella- 
donna yi grain; Aqueous Extract Opium 

1 grain, Extract Belladonna yi grain ; 
Aqueous Extract Opium \% grain, Ex- 
tract Belladonna y z grain ; Aqueous 
Extract Opium 2 grains, Extract Bella- 
donna y z grain; Aqueous Extract Opium 

2 grains, Extract Belladonna 1 grain. 

3058. Opium and Ipecac. — These 
are made with Powdered Opium 1 grain, 
Powdered Ipecac 1 grain ; Powdered 
Opium 2 grains, Powdered Ipecac 2 
grains. 



ASTRINGENT. 

Those which contain a larger quantity of the medicinal agent than can well 
be contained in a 1 5-grain mould are made of a correspondingly larger size. 

3059. Extract Belladonna and 
Acetate of Lead. — These are made 
with Extract of Belladonna \i grain, 
.\i etate of Lead, 1 '• grains ; or Kxtract 
of llclladonna y z grain, Acetate of Lead 
3 grains. 



3060. Extract Belladonna and 
Tannin Compound.— Kxtract Bella- 
donna y z grain, Tannin 5 grains, Sul- 



phate of Morphine y grain, Iodide of 
Lead 3 grains, in each. 

3061. Extract Krameria. — These 
are made to contain 3 grains, 5 grains, 
or 10 grains of the Extract in each. 

3062. Extract Stramonium and 
Acetate of Lead. — These are made 
witli Extract Stramonium 1 grain, Ace- 
tate of Lead 2 grains, in each. 



786 



SUPPOSITOK1A — SUPPOSITORIES. 



3063. Extract Stramonium and 
Tannin. — These are made to contain 
Extract Stramonium 1 grain, Tannic 
Acid 5 grains, in each. 

3064. Extract Stramonium and 
Tannin Compound. — Extract Stra- 
monium y z grain, Tannic Acid l / 2 grain, 
Carbonate of Lead 1 grain, Liquor 
Subacetate of Lead 2 minims, Creasote 
y 2 minim, in each. 

3065. Gallic Acid, Ergot, and 
Digitalis. — These are made with Gal- 
lic Acid 2 grains, Extract Ergot 5 
grains, Digitalis 1 grain ; or Gallic 
Acid 5 grains, Extract Ergot 10 grains, 
Digitalis 2 grains, in each. 

3066. Opium and Acetate of Lead. 

— These are made of several propor- 
tions, as follows : 

Powdered Opium 1 grain, Acetate of 
Lead 2 grains ; Powdered Opium 2 
grains, Acetate of Lead 2 grains ; Pow- 
dered Opium 1 grain, Acetate of Lead 
5 grains ; Powdered Opium 2 grains, 
Acetate of Lead 5 grains. 

3067. Tannic Acid. — These are 
made to contain 2 grains, 5 grains, or 
10 grains of Tannin in each suppository. 

3068. Tannic Acid and Bismuth. 

— These are made to contain Tannic 
Acid 5 grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 10 
grains ; Tannic Acid 10 grains, Bis- 
muth 20 grains, in each. 



3069. Tannic Acid and Opium. 
— A number of combinations are made 
as follows : 

Tannic Acid 2 grains, Powdered 
Opium 1 grain ; Tannic Acid 2 grains, 
Powdered Opium 2 grains ; Tannic 
Acid 5 grains, Powdered Opium 1 grain; 
Tannic Acid 5 grains, Powdered Opium 
2 grains. 

3070. Tannin, Extract Krameria, 
and Gallic Acid. — These are made to 
contain Tannic Acid 5 grains, Extract 
Krameria 1 grain, and Gallic Acid 2 
grains ; or Tannic Acid 10 grains, Ex- 
tract Krameria 5 grains, Gallic Acid 4 
grains. 

3071. Tannin, Eucalyptol, and 
Iodoform. — These are made with Tan- 
nic Acid 5 grains, Eucalyptol 1 minim, 
Iodoform 2 grains ; or Tannin 20 
grains, Eucalyptol 2 minims, Iodoform 
5 grains, in each. 

3072. Tannin, Bismuth, and Cor- 
rosive Sublimate. — Tannin 5 grains, 
Bismuth Subnitrate 5 grains, Corrosive 
Sublimate -^ grain ; or Tannin 10 
grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 10 grains, 
Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain, in each 
suppository. 

3073. Thymol and Bismuth. — 

Thymol 2 grains, Bismuth Subnitrate 
10 grains ; or Thymol 1 grain, Bismuth 
Subnitrate 20 grains, in each. 



ANTISEPTIC. 



Many of these require to be made larger than the 1 5-grain size. 



3074. Boric Acid.— These are made 
to contain 5 grains of Boric Acid in each. 

3075. Boric Acid, Thymol, and 
Eucalyptus. — Boric Acid 5 grains, 
Thymol 2 grains, Oil Eucalyptus 1 
minim ; or Boric Acid 10 grains, Thy- 
mol 1 grain, Oil Eucalyptus 3 minims, 
in each. 

3076. Benzoic Acid, Corrosive 
Sublimate, and Resorcin. — These 



are made, Benzoic Acid 5 grains, Re- 
sorcin 10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate 
yV grain ; or Benzoic Acid 10 grains, 
Resorcin 10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate 
T V grains, in each. 

3077. Iodoform. — These are made 
to contain 1, 2, or 3 grains of Iodoform 
in each suppository. 

3078. Iodoform and Tannic Acid. 
— Iodoform 5 grains, Tannin 10 grains ; 



SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 



787 



or Iodoform 5 grains, Tannin 20 grains 
in each suppository. 

3079. Iodoform, Thymol, and Re- 
sorcin. — Iodoform 2 grains, Thymol 
1 grain, Resorcin 10 grains ; or Iodo- 
form 5 grains, Thymol 1 grain, Resor- 
cin 10 grains, in each suppository. 

3080. Naphthalin Compound. — 
Naphthalin 2 grains, Borax 10 grains, 
Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain, Oil Euca- 



lyptus 2 minims ; or Naphthalin 3 
grains, Borax 10 grains, Corrosive Sub- 
limate yV grain, Oil Eucalyptus 2 min- 
ims, in each. 

3081. Salicylic, and Boric Acid 
with Thymol. — Salicylic Acid 5 grains, 
Boric Acid 5 grains, Thymol 2 grains ; 
or Salicylic Acid 10 grains, Boric Acid 
10 grains. Thymol 5 grains, in each 
suppository. 



HYPNOTIC. 

Most of these Suppositories contain a larger quantity of medicine than can 
be made up into ordinary size suppositories, and must be made larger. 



3082. Chloral Hydrate, Atropine, 
and Morphine.— Chloral Hydrate 10 
grains, Sulphate of Atropine yJ,j grain, 
Sulphate of Morphine % grain ; or 
Chloral Hydrate 30 grains. Sulphate of 
Atropine T0Tr grain, Sulphate of Mor- 
phine % grain, in each suppository. 

3083. Chloral Hydrate, Mono- 
bromated Camphor, and Hyoscy- 
amine. — Chloral Hydrate 15 grains, 
Monobromated Camphor 5 grains, Hy- 
drochlorate of Ilyoscyamine T J- ff grain ; 
or Chloral Hydrate 20 grains. Mono- 
bromated Camphor 10 grains, Hydro- 
chlorate of Ilyoscyamine K ' grain in 
each. 

3084. Chloral Hydrate, Morphine, 
and Atropine. — Chloral Hydrate 15 
grains, Sulpha'e of Morphine % grain, 
Sulphate of Atropine ,.!,, grain; or 
Chloral Hydrate 20 grains, Sulphate of 
Morphine % grain, Sulphate of Atro- 
P'" c 100 g ra i n . in each. 



3085. Lupuline, Codeine, and 
Hyoscine. — Lupuline 5 grains, Co- 
deine 1 grain, Hyoscine Hydrobromate 
too grain ; or Lupuline 10 grains, 
Codeine 2 grains, Hyoscine Hydrobro- 
mate ^jy grain, in each. 

3086. Lupuline and Opium Com- 
pound. — Lupuline 5 grains, Extract 
Hyoscyamus 1 grain, Extract Cannabis 
Indica 1 grain, Extract Opium % grain; 
or Lupuline 15 grains, Extract Hyoscy- 
amus 2 grains, Extract Cannabis In- 
dica 2 grains, Extract Opium 1 grain, 
in each. 

3087. Lupuline and Cannabis 
Indica Compound. — Lupuline 5 
grains, Extract Hyoscyamus 1 grain, 
Monobromated Camphor 2 grains, Ex- 
tract Cannabis Indica %, grain ; or Lu- 
puline 15 grains, Extract Hyoscyamus 
2 grains, Monobromated Camphor 2 
grains, Extract Cannabis Indica 1 grain, 
in each. 



Urethral Suppositories. 

• Suppositories are made long and slim and of a uniform size, '.. inch 
or smaller, suitable for inserting in the urethra. They may be made up in 
the same manner that pills are made into rolls before cutting. They are 



788 



SUPPOSITORIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 



used for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and other irritations or ailments of the 
urethra. They are usually made from two to three inches long. 



30S8. Bismuth and Lead. — Sub- 
carbonate of Bismuth 2 grains, Carbon- 
ate of Lead 1 grain ; or Subcarbonate 
of Bismuth 3 grains, Carbonate of Lead 

1 grain, in each. 

3089. Calomel and Chlorate of 
Potassium. — Calomel 1 grain, Chlo- 
rate of Potassium 1 grain ; or Calomel 

2 grains, Chlorate of Potassium 3 grains, 
in each. 

3090. Calomel, Corrosive Subli- 
mate, and Eucalyptus. — Calomel 1 
grain, Corrosive Sublimate ^5 grain, 
Oil Eucalyptus 1 minim ; or Calomel 5 
grains, Corrosive Sublimate ■£$ grain, 
Oil Eucalyptus 1 minim, in each. 

3091. Copaiba and Tannin.— Co- 
paiba 2 minims, Tannic Acid 2 grains ; 
or Copaiba 3 minims, Tannic Acid 3 
minims in each. 

3092. Copaiba and Bismuth. — 
Copaiba 2 minims, Subnitrate of Bis- 



muth 3 grains ; or Copaiba 3 minims, 
Subnitrate of Bismuth 5 grains, in each 
suppository. 

3093. Copaiba, Cubebs, and Sali- 
cin. — Copaiba 2 minims, Oil of Cubebs 
1 minim, Salicin 3 grains ; or Copaiba 2 
minims, Oil Cubebs 1 minim, Salicin 3 
grains, in each. 

3094. Hydrastine and Salicin. — 
Hydrastine }4 grain, Salicin 2 grains ; 
or Hydrastine 1 grain, Salicin 3 grains 
in each. 

3095. Iodoform, Tannin, and Thy- 
mol. — Iodoform 2 grains, Tannic Acid 

1 grain, Thymol ]/ 2 grain ; or Iodoform 

2 grains, Tannic Acid 1 grain, Thymol 
x /z grain, in each. 

3096. Zinc and Copper Sulphates. 
— Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain, Sulphate of 
Copper 1 grain ; or Sulphate of Zinc 3 
grains, and Sulphate of Copper 1 grain, 
in each. 



Vaginal Suppositories. 

These Suppositories are made much larger, and usually of an oviform shape. 
Mould may be obtained for making them, or for extemporaneous use they may 
be formed by hand into the required shape. The formulae are as follows : 

3097. Copaiba and Tannin. — 
Copaiba 30 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
grains, Oil Cloves 1 minim ; or Copaiba 
15 grains, Tannic Acid 10 grains, Oil 
Cloves 2 minims, in each. 

3098. Iodoform and Corrosive 
Sublimate. — Iodoform 5 grains, Cor- 
rosive Sublimate ^V grain ; or Iodoform 
10 grains, Corrosive Sublimate -^ grain, 
in each. 

3099. Iodoform and Tannin. — 
Iodoform 5 grains, Tannic Acid 15 
grains ; or Iodoform 5 grains, Tannic 
Acid 30 grains, in each. 

3100. Salicylic, Boric, and Tan- 
nic Acids. — Salicylic Acid 10 grains, 



Boric Acid 5 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
grains ; or Salicylic Acid 15 grains, 
Boric Acid 5 grains, Tannic Acid 20 
grains, in each. 

3101. Tannic and Boric Acid. — 
Tannic Acid 40 grains, Boric Acid 5 
grains ; or Tannic Acid 40 grains, Boric 
Acid 10 grains, in each. 

3102. Tannin and Bismuth. — 
Tannic Acid 20 grains, Subnitrate of 
Bismuth 20 grains ; or Tannic Acid 20 
grains, and Subnitrate of Bismuth 40 
grains, in each. 

3103. Tannin, Bromide, and Chlo- 
rate of Potassium. — Tannic Acid 
20 grains, Bromide of Potassium 15 



SUPPOSITOKIA — SUPPOSITORIES. 789 

grains, Chlorate of Potassium 10 grains; 3106. Zinc and Thymol. — Oxide 

or Tannic Acid 35 grains, Bromide of of Zinc 5 grains, Sulphocarbolate of 

Potassium 20 grains, Chlorate of Potas- Zinc 10 grains, Thymol 2 grains ; or 

sium 10 grains, in each. Oxide of Zinc 10 grains, Sulphocarbol- 

3104. Nitrate and Acetate of ate of zinc 20 grains, Thymol 5 grains, 
Lead. — Nitrate of Lead 2 grains, Ace- in eacn - 

tate of Lead 5 grains ; or Nitrate of 3107. Resorcin Salicin and Bis- 
Lead 5 grains, and Acetate of Lead 10 muth. — Resorcin 5 grains, Subnitrate 
grains, in each. of Bismuth 20 grains, Salicin 10 grains ; 

3105. Lead Bismuth and Euca- or Resorcin 10 grains, Subnitrate of 
typtol.— Carbonate of Lead 10 grains, Bismuth 30 grains, and Salicin 10 
Subcarbonate of Bismuth 10 grains, grains, in each. 

Eucatyptol 2 minims; or Carbonate of 3108. Salicin and Cocaine. — Sali- 

Lead 10 grains, Subcarbonate of Bis- cin 20 grains, Hydrochlorate of Cocaine 

muth 10 grains, Eucalyptol 2 minims, ^ grain ; or Salicin 40 grains, Hydro- 

in each. chlorate of Cocaine 1 grain, in each. 



Other Suppositories. 

Besides the Suppositories enumerated, there are Aural Suppositories, con- 
taining small quantities of medicinal substances in small oblong suppositories, 
-and Nasal Suppositories, also small, and containing small quantities of medic- 
inal agents mostly of an antiseptic nature. These are but little used, and it 
is not necessary to give their composition here. 

The Suppositories of the Br. P. are as follows : 

3109. Suppositoria Acidi Carbolici cum Sapone — Carbolic Acid Sup- 
positories. — Carbolic Acid 12 grains, Curd Soap 180 grains, Glycerine of 
Starch 40 grains, or a sufficiency. Mix the ingredients so as to form a paste 
of suitable consistence, and make 12 Suppositories by hand. 

3110. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici— Tannic Acid Suppositories.— Tan- 
nic Acid 36 grains, Oil of Theobroma 144 grains. Make 12 Suppositories by 
running in moulds. 

31 1 1. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici cum Sapone— Tannic Acid Sup- 
positories with Soap. — Tannic Acid 36 grains, Glycerine of Starch 2,0 grains, 
Curd Soap in powder 100 grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. Mix, roll 
and mould by hand into \z Suppositories. 

3112. Suppositoria Hydrargyri — Mercurial Suppositories. — Ointment 
of Mercury 60 grains, Oil of Theobroma 120 grains. Make into 12 Supposi- 
tories by wanning them gently together and running into moulds. 

31 13. Suppositoria Iodoformi — Iodoform Suppositories. Iodoform in 
powder 36 grains, Oil of Theobroma 144 grains. Make into 1 2 Suppositories. 

3114. Suppositoria Morphinae -;1/^; phine Suppositories. Hydrochlo- 
rate of Morphine 6 grains, Olycerine of Starch 30 grains; Curd Soap in 



790 SUPPOSITORIES. SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 



powder ioo grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. Make 12 Suppositories 
by hand. 

31 15. Suppositoria Morphinae cum Sapone — Morphine Suppositories 
with Soap. — Hydrochlorate of Morphine 6 grains, Glycerine of Starch 30 
grains, Curd Soap in powder 100 grains, Starch in powder, a sufficiency. 
Make 12 Suppositories by hand. 

31 16. Suppositoria Plumbi Composita — Compound Lead Suppositories. 
— Acetate of Lead 36 grains, Opium in powder 12 grains, Oil of Theobroma 
132 grains. Make 12 Suppositories by running in moulds. 

A few other Suppositories have a popular sale as proprietary remedies, as : 

31 17. Pile Suppositories. — These may be variously made, but as good a 
formula as any is Opium in powder 2 grains, Galls in fine powder 10 grains, 
with sufficient Oil of Theobroma to make a 30-grain Suppository. 

31 18. Purgative Suppositories. — These may be most conveniently made 
of powdered Elaterium 1 grain, made up with Oil of Theobroma into a sup- 
pository. 

31 19. Vermifuge Suppositories — For pin worms. — Aloes 10 to 20 grains 
in powder made up into 30-grain Suppositories. 



SYRUPI— SYRUPS. 



Syrups as understood in pharmacy are concentrated Solu- 
tions of Sugar in Water or other aqueous liquids, containing, 
usually, some flavoring or medicinal ingredients. They are 
prepared by dissolving the sugar in the medicinal solution 
either by the aid of heat or by agitation, or stirring cold, the 
latter method being now quite generally employed as the 
flavor of the preparation is better retained by the cold process. 

The best process for making Syrups is by water-bath perco- 
lation, as by this method the making of the Syrup is facili- 
tated by the heat without exposure, and the flavor and 
strength of the preparation is unimpaired. 

Only the best quality of granulated sugar should be used 
for making Syrups, and the water should, if not distilled, be 
free from all impurities. Rain water boiled and filtered is suf- 
ficiently pure for most purposes. 

Many of the Syrups do not keep well during the summer. 
Such Syrups should only be made in small quantities and if 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 791 

admissible should be rubbed in a mortar with a few drops 
only of Oil of Cloves, which prevent them from spoiling for a 
long time. Syrups should be made slightly heavier of sugar 
for summer use than when designed to be used in the winter. 

A great number of Syrups are employed in pharmacy, but 
only a comparatively small number are official. Those official 
in the U. S., Br., and German Pharmacopoeias will first be 
considered, and then the more important unofficial Syrups. 

3120. Syrupus — Syrupus Simplex. 

Syrup. — Simple Syr up. 
The U. S. 1880 formula is: 

Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28^6 ounces av. 
Distilled water, enough to 

make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Two pints of Syrup as thus prepared weighs as follows : 

Weight in grains, 19102 

Weight in av. ounces (nearly), .... AZ 2 A 

Specific gravity, i-3io 

Dissolve the Sugar with the aid of heat in 1 1 fl. ounces of 
Distilled Water, raise the temperature to the boiling point, 
and strain the solution while hot. Then incorporate with the 
solution enough Distilled Water, added through the strainer, 
to make the Syrup measure two pints, or weigh as above. 
This is dispensed as Simple Syrup and used as the basis of 
other Syrups. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Sugar, granulated, .... 7 pounds i ^ ounces av. 
Distilled, or pure Water, enough to make a gallon. 

Having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath 
percolator with a piece of muslin or canton flannel, put the 
sugar upon it in the percolator, and add to it 3 pints of water, 
heat the solution to boiling, with occasional stirring, then 
draw off by the stop-cock and add enough Distilled Water 
through the percolator to make a gallon. 



792 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



It will readily be seen that this is the most convenient and 
practical way to make Simple Syrup. It is not only made, 
but strained or filtered at the same operation, and produces a 
clear, bright syrup. 

If it is desirable to make the syrup (or any syrup) without 
heat, it may be made in the same manner, simply omitting the 
heat. 

For other purposes Syrup is variously made, as Flavored 
Syrup, for making elegant preparations, Soda Water Syrup for 
making soda water, etc. 

3121. Syrupus Acaciae. 

Syrup of Acacia — Syrup of Gum Arabic. 
Mucilage of Acacia, . . 25 parts or 4^ fl. ounces. 

Syrup 75 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

This Syrup should be freshly made when required for use. 
The proportion of one part by measure of mucilage to three 
parts of syrup, although not exactly correct, is accurate enough 
for making this syrup extemporaneously. 

This is used in cough mixtures and as a vehicle for other 
medicines. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Fenners Formula. 

Acacia, granulated, 3 ounces av. 

Sugar, granulated, 24 ounces av. 

Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 

Water, enough to make 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Acacia by stirring it from time to time in eight 
ounces of water, When it is dissolved put the sugar in the 
water-bath percolator and add the solution and four ounces of 
water to it ; heat gently and stir occasionally until the sugar 
is dissolved, then draw off by the stop-cock and add enough 
water through the percolator to make two pints of the syrup. 
Rub the Oil of Cloves with an ounce of the syrup and mix it 
with the remainder by agitation. 

Syrup Acacia made in this manner will keep sweet through 
the summer. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 793 



3122. Syrupus Acidi Citrici. 

Syrup of Citric Acid. 

Citric Acid 8 parts or 150 grains. 

Water, 8 parts or 2^ fl. drachms. 

Spirit of Lemon, . . 4 parts or 95 minims. 

Syrup, 980 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Spirit of Lemon with the Syrup contained in a 
bottle ; then add, gradually, the Citric Acid, dissolved in the 
water, shaking the bottle after each addition until the whole 
is thoroughly mixed. 

This is used chiefly for flavoring. 

3123. Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. 

Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. 

Iodine, 10 parts or 190 grains. 

Alcohol, 80 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 150 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 500 parts or 22 fl. ounces. 

Spirit of Orange, ... 5 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

F'or directions for making see U. S. P. 1880. As a current 
of hydrosulphuric acid gas is required to be passed through 
this preparation during the process of making, it will be made 
by but few druggists, therefore the directions for making are 
not here repeated. 

This Syrup contains one per cent, of absolute Hydriodic 
Acid. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

3124. Syrupus Allii. 

Syrup of Garlic. 
Fresh Garlic, sliced and bruised, 15 parts or Gyi ounces av. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, ... 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 

Diluted Acetic Acid 40 parts or 1 pint. 

Macerate the Garlic for four days with ten ounces of Diluted 
Acetic Acid and express the liquid. Then mix the residue 



794 SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 



with the remainder of the Acid and again express until enough 
additional liquid has been obtained to make the whole, when 
filtered, measure a pint. Then pour the filtered liquid upon 
the Sugar contained in a bottle and agitate occasionally until 
it is dissolved. Keep the Syrup in well stopped, filled bottles 
in a cool place. This is used in cough and worm medicines. 

A Compound Syrup of Garlic is made with Garlic l / z ounce, Aniseed y 2 
ounce, Elecampane Root 3 drachms, Liquorice Root 2 drachms, macerated 
with Brandy 24 fl.ounces, and the liquid made into a Syrup with 1 % pound 
of Sugar. 

3125. Syrupus Althaea. 

Syrup of Althcea. 

This is official in the U. S. and German Pharmacopoeias, 
the formula being about the same in each. 

Althaea root, cut, ... 4 parts or 1 ounce av. 
Sugar, granulated, ... 60 parts or 15 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quantity to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
Having washed the Althaea with cold Water, pour upon it 
fourteen ounces of cold Water and macerate for one hour, 
stirring frequently ; then drain through flannel without ex- 
pressing. To nine fl.ounces of the drained liquid add the 
Sugar and dissolve it by agitation without heat. This Syrup 
should be freshly made, when required for use. 

This is a demulcent Syrup used for coughs and as a diu- 
retic. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 

3126. Syrupus Amygdalae. 

Syrup of Almonds (Orgeat). 
Sweet Almond, ... 10 parts or 5 ounces av. 
Bitter Almond, ... 3 parts or 1*4, ounces av. 

Sugar, 50 parts or 25 ounces av. 

Orange Flower Water, 5 parts or 2}& fl.ounces. 

Water, enough to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Having blanched the Almonds rub them to a very fine paste, 
adding, during the trituration, \]/ 2 ounces of Water and 5 
ounces of Sugar. Mix the paste thoroughly with the Orange 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 795 



Flower Water and 15 ounces of Water, strain with strong ex- 
pression, and add enough Water to the dregs to obtain, after 
renewed expression, 25 fl. ounces of strained liquid. To this 
add the remainder of the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, with- 
out heat, and strain through muslin. Keep the Syrup in well- 
stopped, filled bottles in a cool place. (U. S. 1880.) 

The German formula directs a smaller proportion of Bitter 
Almonds, but is otherwise about the same. It is used mainly 
for flavoring. 

A Syrup of Bitter Almond for flavoring may be made with 
Essence of Bitter Almond ]/ 2 fl. ounce mixed with 1 pint of 
Syrup. 

3127. Syrupus Aurantii. 

Syrup of Orange. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Sweet Orange Peel, de- 
prived of the inner 
white layer, and cut 
into small pieces, . . 5 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 5 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 

Precipitated Phosphate of 

Calcium, 1 part or x / 2 ounce av. 

Sugar, 60 parts or 30 ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make .... 100 parts or 34 fl. ounces. 
Macerate the Orange Peel with the Alcohol for seven days, 
then express the liquid ; rub this with the Precipitated Phos- 
phate of Calcium and 15 ounces of Water gradually added; 
filter the mixture and pass enough Water through the filter 
to make the filtrate weigh 40 parts or measure 19^ ounces. 
Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, 
and strain. Used mainly for flavoring. 

The Br. P. directs Tincture of Orange Peel 1 fl. ounce, Syrup 
7 fl. ounces, to be mix'ed together. 

The G. P. formula is: Orange Peel 5 parts, White Wine 45 
parts, macerate for 2 days and express, then add to 40 parts of 
expressed liquid 60 parts of Sugar and dissolve. 



796 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



FENNER S FORMULA. 

As Syrup of Orange is used only for its agreeable flavor, 
and has no medicinal value, it seems unnecessary to go to so 
much trouble to make it when a simpler method will answer 
the purpose as well. The following formula is therefore given, 
which will make a fine preparation, provided only a good 
quality of Oil of Orange is used : 

Oil of Orange 40 minims. 

Alcohol, 2 fi. drachms. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 80 grains. 

Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Oil of Orange in the Alcohol and rub with the 
Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar, gradually adding 12 
fl. ounces of Water ; filter the mixture and add enough Water 
through the filter to make 14 fl. ounces ; dissolve the Sugar in 
the filtrate by agitation or percolation and add enough Water, 
if necessary, to make 2 pints of the Syrup. 



3128. Syrupus Aurantii Florum. 

Syrup of Orange Flowers. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28^8 ounces av. 
Orange Flower Water, 35 parts or enough to make 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Sugar as nearly as possible by agitation in 14 
fl. ounces of Orange Flower Water, then add enough Orange 
Flower Water to make 2 pints of the Syrup and agitate until 
dissolved. 

The amount of Sugar directed is a little more than will 
readily dissolve by agitation. The 1870 revision directs to use 
gentle heat. It may be readily made to dissolve by water- 
bath percolation without injuring its flavor. 

The formulas of the Br. and German Pharmacopoeias direct 
the Sugar first to be dissolved in distilled Water by heat, and 
Orange Flower Water added when nearly cold, to make of the 
desired specific gravity. 

This Syrup is used for flavoring other medicines. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 797 



3129. Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis. 

Syrup of Lactophosphate of Calcium {Lime). 

Precipitated Phosphate of 

Calcium (Lime), . . 22 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Lactic Acid, concentrated, 33 parts or 9^ fl. drachms. 

Orange Flower Water, . 80 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, \ 

Water of Ammonia, - each a sufficient quantity to make 

Water, ) IOO ° parts or about 2 pints. 

Mix the precipitated Phosphate of Calcium with 300 parts 
or 13 fl. ounces of cold W T ater and add enough Hydrochloric 
Acid to dissolve it. Filter the solution and add to the filtrate 
1200 parts or 3 pints of cold Water, and Water of Ammonia 
until slightly in excess, which may be distinguished by the 
odor of Ammonia after standing a few moments. Allow the 
precipitate to subside, pour off the supernatant Water, pour 
on more Water, agitate, and repeat the operation several times 
until the precipitate is thoroughly washed, then pour it upon 
a muslin strainer, drain and press out the Water, and, at once, 
dissolve the magma in the Lactic Acid. Then add the Orange 
Flower Water and enough Water to make the solution weigh 
about 350 parts or measure 14 fl. ounces ; filter, and pass 
enough Water through the filter to make the filtrate weigh 
400 parts or measure 17 fl. ounces. Lastly, add to this the 
Sugar and dissolve it by agitation or percolation, without 
heat, and strain. 

This is essentially the same as was formerly published in 
FENNER'S FORMULARY. The addition of a fl. drachm of Hydro- 
chloric Acid to the finished Syrup tends to prevent the pre- 
cipitation whichis so common in this preparation. In fact, 
as the Syrup is prepared by many manufacturers, it contains 
hardly any Lactic Acid, it place being supplied by Hydro- 
chloric Acid, which is cheaper and makes a more stable 
preparation. This Syrup is given as a nutritive tonic in doses 
of a teaspoonful or mure. 

Another formula for this Syrup is given among the Unofficial 
Syrups. 



798 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3130. Syrupus Calcis. 

Syrup of Lime — SaccJiaratcd Solution of Lime. 

Lime (unslacked), ... 5 parts or 1 ounce av. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 30 parts or 6 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quantity 

to make 100 parts or 20 ounces av. 

Triturate the Lime and Sugar together in a mortar, then 
add the mixture to 12 ounces of boiling Water, contained in 
a bright copper or tinned iron vessel, and boil the mixture for 
five minutes, constantly stirring ; dilute it with an equal vol- 
ume of W T ater and filter it through white paper. Finally, 
evaporate the Syrup to 100 parts or 20 ounces avoirdupois. 

This is a new U. S. official, but a similar preparation has 
been for some time official in the British Pharmacopia under 
the name of Liquor Calcis Saccharatus. It is used as an 
antacid. Dose, teaspoonful or more. 

3131. Syrupus Cerasorum. G. P. 

Syrup of Cherries. 
Bruise black sour Cherries with the seeds (stones) and set 
them aside in a covered vessel at a temperature of about 20°C, 
stirring frequently until a small filtered portion yields a clear 
mixture with half its volume of Alcohol; then express and 
filter. The liquid may be called Cherry Juice. Then take 

Cherry Juice, 1 pint or 35 parts. 

Sugar, 2 pounds or 65 parts. 

Dissolve the Sugar in the Juice. This is a finely-flavored 
acid Fruit Syrup. Other Fruit Syrups may be prepared in 
the same manner. 

3132. Syrupus Cinnamomi. G. P. 

Syrup of Cinnamon — Zimmet Syrup. 

Cinnamon, in coarse powder, 10 parts. 

Cinnamon Water, 50 parts. 

Sugar, 60 parts. 

Water, 40 parts. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 799 



SO : 


grains. 


I# 


fl. drachms, 


I 


fl. ounce. 



Macerate the Cinnamon in the Cinnamon Water for 2 days, 
strain and filter, then add the Sugar and dissolve. 

This Syrup is used as a flavoring for other medicines. 

3133. Syrupus Chloral. Br. 

Syrup of Chloral. 

Hydrate of Chloral 

Distilled Water, 

Simple Syrup, sufficient to make . 

Dissolve the Chloral in the Water and add enough Syrup to 
make the measure I fl. ounce. 

This Syrup contains 10 grains of Choral in a fl.drachm and 
is used as a hypnotic and anodyne. It should be freshly made 
when wanted. A teaspoonful contains 10 grains of the salt. 
The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 



3134. Syrupus Ferri Bromidi. 

Syrup of Bromide of Iron. 

Iron, in the form of fine 

wire cut in small pieces, 30 parts or \y 2 ounces av. 

Bromine, 75 parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 30 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 parts or about 2 pints. 

Introduce the Iron into a flask of thin glass of suitable 
capacity, add to it 200 parts or 9 fl. ounces of distilled Water, 
and afterwards the Bromine; shake the mixture occasionally 
until the reaction ceases and the solution has acquired a green 
color and has lost the odor of Bromine. Place the Sugar in a 
porcelain capsule and filter the solution of Bromide of Iron 
into the Sugar; rinse the flask and the Iron Wire with go parts 
or 4 fl. ounces of distilled Water and pass the washings through 
the filter into the Sugar; stir the mixture with a porcelain or 
wooden spatula, heat it to the boiling point on a sand-bath 
and, having strained the Syrup through linen into a tared 



800 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



bottle, add enough distilled Water to make the product weigh 
iooo parts or measure 33 fl. ounces. Lastly, shake the bottle 
and transfer its contents to small vials, which should be well 
filled, corked, and kept in a cool dark place. 

This Syrup, which has previously been furnished chiefly by 
manufacturing chemists, is now made officinal. It should con- 
tain 10 per cent, by weight of Ferrous Bromide. The dose is 
15 to 60 minims. 

3135. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. 

Syrup of Iodide of Iron. 

Iron, in the form of fine 

wire cut in small pieces, 25 parts or 532 grains. 

Iodine, 82 parts or 4 ounces av. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a suffi- 
cient quantity to make 1000 parts or . 2 pints. 

Introduce the Iron into a flask of thin glass of suitable 
capacity, add to it 200 parts or 10 fl. ounces of distilled Water, 
and afterwards the Iodine ; shake the mixture occasionally 
until the reaction ceases and the solution has acquired a green 
color, and lost the odor of Iodine. Place the Sugar in a por- 
celain capsule, and filter the solution of Iodide of Iron into 
the Sugar. Rinse the flask and Iron Wire with 90 parts or 4 
fl. ounces of distilled Water, and pass the washings through 
the filter into the Sugar. Stir the mixture with a porcelain or 
wooden spatula, heat it to boiling on a sand bath, and having 
strained the syrup into a tared bottle, add enough distilled 
Water to make the product weigh 1000 parts or measure 2 
pints. Lastly, shake the bottle, and transfer its contents to 
small vials, which should be securely corked, and kept in a 
cool, dark place. 

This Syrup contains 10 per cent, of Ferrous Iodide. The 
Br. and German contain only about 5 per cent. The 1880 
preparation contains more Sugar than the 1870, and is there- 
fore a more stable preparation. The dose is 15 to 60 minims. 

Many methods have been proposed for preventing the 
decomposition and change of color of Syrup of Iodide of 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 801 



Iron, but if carefully made by the present official formula, 
and preserved as directed, it seldom changes. Should any 
change be noticeable, a very small crystal of Ferrous Sulphate 
will generally restore it. A so-called " Tasteless Syrup of 
Iodide of Iron " (which see) is furnished by manufacturing 
chemists, and is quite popular with many physicians. 

3136. Syrupus Ferri Oxydati Solubilis. G. P. 

Syrup of Oxide of Iron. 

Saccharated Oxide of Iron, \ 

o f of each equal parts by 

\Y™ e p r,* '. ; ; ; ; •; ; f wd § ht - 

Mix them and dissolve. It contains I per cent, of Iron and 
is given as a mild ferruginous tonic. The dose is a teaspoonful 



3137. Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis. Br. 

Granulated Sulphate of Iron, . . . 224 grains. 

Phosphate of Sodium, 200 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 56 grains. 

Concentrated Phosphoric Acid (Br. P.), \)/± fl. ounces. 

Refined Sugar, 8 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salts separately, mix, and wash the precipitate 
as directed page 37, press the residue and dissolve it in the 
Phosphoric Acid, filter the solution, add the Sugar, and dis- 
solve, making the measure 12 fl. ounces. 

This contains about one grain of Phosphate of Iron in a 
fl. drachm. 

This Syrup is much more readily prepared by mixing 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . 2 fl. drachms. 
Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Or, by dissolving Phosphate of Iron in scales 128 grains in 
6 fl. ounces hot Water, adding 14 ounces av. of Sugar, and then 
enough Water to make a pint. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an iron tonic. 



802 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3138. Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae 

Phosphatum. U. S. 

Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 

Phosphate of Iron (scale salt), 133 parts or 200 grains. 

Quinine, 133 parts or 200 grains. 

Strychnine, 4 parts or 6 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid, .... 800 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, . 6000 parts or 21 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a sufficient 

quantity to make . . . 10000 parts or 2 pints. 
Add the Phosphate of Iron to 2500 parts, or y 2 pint of dis- 
tilled Water in a tared bottle large enough to hold the finished 
Syrup and agitate freely until the salt is dissolved. Having 
added the Phosphoric Acid to the solution, triturate the Qui- 
nine and Strychnine gradually with the mixture in a mortar 
until they are dissolved, then return the solution to the bottle 
and add enough Distilled Water to make the liquid weigh 4000 
parts or measure 12 fl. ounces. Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve 
it by agitation, without heat, and filter through paper. Keep 
the Syrup in well-stopped vials in a cool, dark place. 

This new official is entirely unlike the unofficial prepara- 
tions bearing the same name. In making it the new officinal 
Phosphate of Iron in scales is to be used, and the alkaloids 
Quinine and Strychnine ; the Phosphoric Acid is also the new 
officinal 50 per cent, solution. 

The unofficial preparation of this name is more familiarly 
known as Easton's Syrup, the formula for which is as follows : 

3139. Syrup Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 

Easton's Syrup. 
This preparation has been much used in the past, but is now superseded 
by the U. S. official syrup. As some druggists may still wish to prepare it, 
the formula is given : 

Sulphate of Iron, 1% ounce av. 

Phosphate of Sodium 1 }( ounce av. 

Quinine (alkaloid), 1 ounce av. 

Strychnine (alkaloid), 8 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid (1880) 4 fl. ounces. 

Sugar 4 pounds av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 803 



Dissolve the Sulphate of Iron and the Phosphate of Sodium each separately 
in a quart of water, add the Iron solution to the Sodium solution gradually 
and with constant stirring, and wash the precipitate as directed (page 37) 
until the washings are tasteless ; then collect the precipitate, drain and press 
quickly, and dissolve in the Phosphoric Acid. Add sufficient Water to the 
solution to make 36 fl.ounces, dissolve the Quinine and Strychnine in the 
Solution, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful, as a tonic, containing about 1 grain each Iron and Quinine, and ^ 
grain Strychnine. 

3140. Syrupus Hemidesmi. Br. 

Syrup of Hemidesmus — {Indian Sarsaparilld). 

Hemidesmus Root, 4 ounces av. 

Refined Sugar, 28 ounces av. 

Boiling Distilled Water, 20 fl.ounces. 

Infuse the Hemidesmus Root in the Water in a covered 
vessel for 4 hours and strain. Set it by till the sediment sub- 
sides ; then decant the clear liquid, add the sugar and dissolve 
by aid of a gentle heat. This is used as an alterative and 
blood purifier. The dose is a teaspoonful. 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla of any other kind may be made in the 
same proportions and manner. 

3141. Syrupus Hypophosphitum. 

Syrup of Hypophosphites. 
The U. S. official formula is : 
Hypophosphite of Calcium 

(Lime), 35 parts or 700 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium 

(Soda) 12 parts or 240 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potas- 
sium, 12 parts or 240 grains. 

Citric Acid, 1 part or 20 grains. 

Spirit of Lemon, .... 2 parts or 48 minims. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, . 500 parts or 23 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quantity 

to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Hypophosphites and dissolve them by trituration 
in 350 parts, or one pint, of Water. Should there be any 



804 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



residue undissolved allow the solution to settle, pour off nearly 
all of it and add the Citric Acid so that it may be dissolved. 
Then, having mixed the liquids, add the Spirit of Lemon and 
filter through paper, adding enough Water through the filter 
to make the whole weigh 500 parts or measure 21 fl. ounces. 
In this liquid dissolve the Sugar by agitation or percolation, 
without heat, and strain. Keep in well-stopped bottles. This 
is employed as a nutritive and tonic, especially for wasting 
diseases. The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

This Syrup has been in use for many years, under the gene- 
ral title of Syrup of Hypophosphites Compound, or Churchill's 
Syrup. The title " Syrup of Hypophosphites" seems insuffi- 
cient, as there are so many combinations called by that gene- 
ral name. Physicians prescribing Syrups of Hypophosphites 
should state the combination they desire by designating the 
Hypophosphite Salts, otherwise much confusion will result. 

In the officinal formula Citric Acid is used instead of Hypo- 
phosphorous Acid, which is usually directed in unofficinal 
formulae, and which seems more appropriate in the preparation. 
Formulae for the various combinations of Hypophosphites in 
syrups will be found further on in unofficial Syrups. 

3142. Syrupus Hypophosphitum cum Ferro. 

Syr up of Hypophosphites with Iron. 

The U. S. P. formula is: 

Lactate of Iron, 1 part or 96 grains. 

Syrup of Hypophosphites, . . 99 parts or 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Lactate of Iron in the Syrup by trituration, 
and keep the Syrup in well-stopped bottles. 

This Syrup is also a new official, being designed to take 
the place of the popular unofficial "Syrup of Hypophosphites 
of Lime, Iron, Soda, and Potassa." 

Lactate of Iron is made to take the place of freshly precipi- 
tated Hypophosphite of Iron, which has usually been directed 
in the unofficinal formulae. 

This is given as a nutritive tonic in doses of a teaspoonful 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 805 



3143. Syrupus Ipecacuanhas. 

Syrup of Ipecac. 

The U. S. formula is: 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, . 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 95 parts or 25 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

The present official Fluid Extract will mix with syrup and 
make a transparent preparation, because, by the process of 
preparing it, the resinous matter is removed; but the 1870 
Fluid Extract and most manufacturers will make a " muddy" 
preparation, because of the precipitation of the resin of the 
Fluid Extract which is held in solution. 

The druggist may readily ascertain if his fluid extract con- 
tains resin by adding a few drops of it to water. If it contains 
resin it will have a muddy or cloudy appearance; if free from 
it, the result will be a clear solution. If it contains resin, the 
syrup should be made as follows : 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, ..... 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, 13 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 28 ounces av. 

Mix the Extract with the Water and half of the Sugar, and 
allow to stand until the Sugar is dissolved, then filter, add the 
remainder of the Sugar and dissolve by percolation or gentle 
heat, adding water if necessary to make two pints. 

If it is desired to make the Syrup of Ipecac from the root 
insteadsof the fluid extract, it may be made by the following 
formula : 

Ipecac, in moderately fine powder, . . 8 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 7 pounds av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the Ipecac with the Alcohol and pack moderately 
in the water-bath percolator: pour upon it 4 ounces of Water 
and set in a warm place for 24 hours; then heat very moder- 
ately and after one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to 
the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until two 



806 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



pints have passed. Evaporate this by means of a water-bath 
— boiling it for a few moments — to a pint, and when cool 
filter, add to the filtrate enough Water to make 60 fl. ounces 
and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by gentle heat, or water- 
bath percolation. The product should be one gallon of Syrup. 
Lastly, while still warm, put it in half-pint well-stopped bottles, 
and set away in a cool place. 

Syrup of Ipecac made and preserved in this manner will 
keep for years. It is given as an emetic in doses of ^ to 1 
teaspoonful, repeated in 15 minutes if necessary, and is used 
in cough remedies. 

The German Syrup of Ipecac contains only 1 per cent, of 
Ipecac. The Br. P. contains no formula for it. 

3144. Syrupus Krameriae. 

Syrup of Krameria (Rliatany). 

Fluid Extract Krameria, . 35 parts or 12 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 65 parts or 20 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

As this Syrup is so little used, it is much more convenient 
to prepare it from the Fluid Extract as required ; 3 parts or 
fl. drachms of the Fluid Extract to 5 parts or fl. drachms of 
Syrup makes the preparation in the proper proportion. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more as an astringent. 

3145. Syrupus Lactucarii. 

Syrup of Lactucarium. 

Fluid Extract of Lactucarium, 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, . 95 parts or 29 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

This is used as an anodyne in doses of 1 to 3 fl.drachms. 

3146. Aubergier's Syrup of Lactucarium. 

This preparation is much used in Europe and is occa- 
sionally called for in this country. Prof. Proctor, in the 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 807 



A. J. P. 1866, page 290, furnished the following formula for 
its preparation : 

Lactucarium (German), y 2 ounce av. 

Sugar, granulated, I ounce av. 

Syrup, 4^ pints. 

Citric Acid, in powder, 60 grains. 

Orange Flower Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, ) , „. . . 

\ each a sufficient quantity. 
Water, ... I 

Triturate the Lactucarium with the Sugar until reduced to 
powder, put it into a funnel-shaped percolator, pour on diluted 
Alcohol until the Lactucarium is nearly exhausted, or until 10 
fl. ounces have passed, evaporate to 2 fl. ounces and add it to 
the Syrup, previously heated by boiling, and mix. Continue 
the ebullition slowly until the whole measures 4 pints and 6 
fl. ounces. Then add the Citric Acid and strain, and, lastly, 
when nearly cool, the Orange Flower Water, and mix them. 

This preparation is much inferior in strength to the officinal 
preparation. 



3147. Syrupus Limonis. 

Syiup of Lemon. 

Lemon Juice, recently ex- 
pressed and strained, . . 40 parts or 17 fl. ounces. 
Lemon Peel, fresh, ... 2 parts or I ounce av. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 28 ounces av. 
Water enough to make . .100 parts or 2 pints. 

Heat the Lemon Juice to the boiling point, then add the 
Lemon Peel and let the whole stand closely covered until cold, 
filter, add enough Water through the filter to make the filtrate 
measure 17 fl. ounces, dissolve the Sugar in the filtered liquid 
by agitation, without heat, and strain. 

Syrup of Lemon will not keep long during the summer 
months. It is better preserved if put up hot, in small bottles, 
and kept in a cool place. 

The Br. formula is Lemon Juice 20 fl. ounces, Lemon Peel 2 
ounces av., Sugar 2]/^ pounds av., made in the same manner. 



808 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3148. Syrupus Liquiritiae. G. P. 

Syrup of Liquorice Root. 

Russian Liquorice Root, 20 parts. 

Water of Ammonia, 10 parts. 

Water, 100 parts. 

Alcohol, 10 parts. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 100 parts. 

Macerate the Liquorice Root in the mixed Water of Ammo- 
nia and Water for 10 hours, then express, heat the liquid 
once to boiling, and evaporate on a steam-bath to 10 parts ; 
to this add the alcohol, set aside for 12 hours, then filter and 
add to the filtrate enough Syrup to make 100 parts. This is 
used as a vehicle for bitter medicines and as a demulcent in 
cough mixtures, etc. 

3149. Syrupus Mannae. G. P. 

Syrup of Manua. 

Pure Manna, 10 parts. 

Water, -40 parts. 

Sugar, 50 parts. 

Dissolve the Manna in the Water, filter and dissolve the 
Sugar in the filtrate. This is slightly laxative. 

3150. Syrupus Menthae. G. P. 

Syrup of Peppermint. 

Peppermint, cut, IO parts. 

Alcohol, 5 parts. 

Water, 50 parts. 

Sugar, 60 parts. 

Moisten the Peppermint with the Alcohol, then add the 
Water, allow to stand one day, strain without pressure, and to 
40 parts of the liquid add the Sugar, dissolve by gentle heat 
and when cold strain or filter. 

A great many other Syrups of Aromatic herbs may be pre- 
pared in the same manner. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 809 



3151. Syrupus Mori. Br. 

Syr up of Mulberries. 

Mulberry Juice, 20 fl. ounces. 

Refined Sugar, 36 ounces av. 

Rectified Spirit, 2^ fl. ounces. 

Heat the Juice to the boiling point and when cool, filter. 
Dissolve the Sugar in the filtered Liquid with the aid of heat 
and, when cool, add the Spirit. The dose is a fl. drachm or more. 

3152. Syrupus Papaveris. 

The Br. formula is : 

Poppy Capsules freed from the seeds, 

and in No. 20 powder, 18 ounces av. 

Rectified Spirit, 8 fl. ounces. 

Refined Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Mix the Poppy Capsules with 40 fl. ounces of the Boiling 
Water and infuse for 24 hours, stirring frequently; then pack 
in a percolator, and adding some more of the Water, allow 
the liquid to pass slowly until exhausted, or until about 160 
fl. ounces have passed. Evaporate this percolate by water- 
bath to 44 fl. ounces, and when cold add the Spirit, allow to 
stand 12 hours, filter, distill off the Spirit, evaporate the re- 
maining liquor to 20 fl. ounces, add the Sugar and dissolve. 
The dose is 1 fl. drachm as an anodyne, etc. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs this to be made the 
same as Syrup of Peppermint (which see). This is not official 
in the U. S. P. 

3153. Syrupus Picis Liquidae. 

Syrup of Tar. 

Tar, 6 parts or 2^3 ounces av. 

Cold Water, .... 12 parts or 5 fl. ounces. 
Boiling Distilled Water, 50 parts or 22 fl. ounces. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 

Upon the Tar contained in a suitable vessel, pour the Cold 
Water and stir the mixture frequently during 24 hours; then 



810 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



pour off the water and throw it away. Pour the Boiling Dis- 
tilled Water upon the residue, stir the mixture briskly for 
fifteen minutes and set it aside for 36 hours, stirring occasion- 
ally. Decant the solution and filter. Lastly, in forty parts, 
or 17 fl. ounces of filtered solution, dissolve the Sugar by agita- 
tion, without heat. U. S. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Fcnner s Formula. 

Tar, 2 ounces av. 

Cold Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Pine Sawdust, 12 ounces av. 

Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 

Boiling Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Pour the Cold Water upon the Tar and stir the mixture 
occasionally during 24 hours ; then pour off the water and mix 
the Tar intimately with the Pine Sawdust and pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint of Boiling 
Water and keep at a moderate heat for 2 hours, then pour on 
more Boiling Water and begin to percolate, adding water and 
continuing the heat and percolation until 20 ounces have 
passed. Allow the percolate to stand until cool, then filter off 
a pint and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, by agitation or 
percolation. This is much used in cough mixtures, etc. 

3154. Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. 

Syrup of Wild Cherry. 
1880. 
Wild Cherry, in No. 20 

powder, 12 parts or 5^ ounces av. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 60 parts or 28 ounces av. 

Glycerin, 5 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make about . 2 pints. 

Moisten the Wild Cherry thoroughly with Water and mace- 
rate for 24 hours in a close vessel, then pack it firmly in "a 
cylindrical glass percolator and gradually pour Water upon it 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 811 



until 15 ounces of percolate are obtained. Dissolve the Sugar 
in the liquid by agitation without heat, add the Glycerin and 
strain. U. S. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Wild Cherry, in No. 20 powder, . . 5^ ounces av. 

Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 

Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Water enough to make 2 pints. 

Moisten the Wild Cherry with six ounces of Water, and 
allow it to stand in a warm place for 24 hours in a covered 
vessel ; then pack in the water-bath percolator, pour a pint of 
Water upon it and heat very moderately, not over 100 F., for 
one hour, then begin to percolate, and continue the heat and 
percolation, adding Water to the drug, if necessary, until 14 
fl. ounces have passed, dissolve the Sugar in the percolate while 
still warm, and add the Glycerin. Keep in small, well-stopped 
bottles in a cool place. Prepared and preserved in this man- 
ner this Syrup will keep through the summer. 

If the heat is kept within the limit mentioned, a much better 
preparation will result than when made by the cold process ; 
but too high a degree of heat vaporizes the Hydrocyanic Acid 
which has been developed by moistening the drug, and injures 
the preparation. 

This Syrup is much used as a sedative in cough remedies. 



3155. Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae. G. P. 

Syrup of Buckthorn. 

This Syrup is officinal in the German Pharmacopoeia and is 
quite frequently called for in this country. It is made from 
the fresh juice of Buckthorn Berries, which is not obtainable 
in this country, by dissolving 65 parts of Sugar in 35 parts of 
the juice. We, therefore, have to depend upon the imported 
syrup, which can be obtained of wholesale druggists. Fluid 
Extract and Elixir of Buckthorn made from the Bark or 
Berries are now extensively used, and have nearly superseded, 
in this country, the Syrup made from the fresh juice. 



812 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3156. Syrupus Rhei. 

Syrup of Rhubarb. 

The U. S. P. formula is: 

Rhubarb, sliced, ... 90 parts or 3^$ ounces av. 
Cinnamon, bruised, . . 18 parts or 340 grains. 
Carbonate of Potassium, 6 parts or 112 grains. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, 600 parts or 27 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quan- 
tity to make .... 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Rhubarb, Cinnamon and Carbonate of Potassium 
with 420 parts or 20 fl. ounces of Water, and macerate the 
mixture in a glass or porcelain vessel for twelve hours. Then 
strain and filter, adding through the dregs, if necessary, enough 
Water to make the filtered liquid weigh 400 parts or measure 
a pint. Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, with- 
out heat, and strain. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Rhubarb, in No. 20 powder, ... 4 ounces. 

Cinnamon, in No. 20 powder, . . . 360 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium, 120 grains. 

Sugar, granulated, 28 ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the Rhubarb and Cinnamon ; dissolve the Carbonate of 
Potassium in 4 ounces of Water, and, having moistened the 
drugs with the solution, set in a warm place in a closed vessel 
for 12 hours, then pack moderately in the water-bath percola- 
tor, pour upon them a pint of Water and heat very moderately 
for one hour ; then begin to percolate, adding Water to the 
drugs if necessary, and continue the heat and percolation until 
a pint of the percolate has passed; while still warm dissolve 
the Sugar in the liquid by agitation, and filter. 

This will be found much superior to the U. S. process for 
making this Syrup. 

The Br. P. formula is Rhubarb, Coriander, each 2 ounces av., 
Refined Sugar 24 ounces av., Rectified Spirit 8 fl. ounces, Dis- 
tilled Water 24 fl. ounces. Percolate with the mixed Spirit and 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 813 



Water. Evaporate the percolate to 14 fl. ounces, filter, and 
dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 

The German formula is very much like the U. S. 

Syrup of Rhubarb is much used as a stomachic and for 
bowel troubles, acting first as a purgative and then as an 
astringent. The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 

3157. Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. 

Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb — Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. 
The U. S. P. formula of 1870 was: 

Rhubarb, in No. 50 powder, 600 grains. 

Cloves, in No. 50 powder, 60 grains. 

Cinnamon, in No. 60 powder, .... 60 grains. 

Nutmeg, in No. 50 powder 60 grains. 

Syrup, 3 pints. 

Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. ' 
Mix the powders, and, having moistened the mixture with a 
fl. ounce of Diluted Alcohol, introduce it into a conical perco- 
lator and pour Diluted Alcohol upon it until a half pint of 
tincture has passed ; add this to the Syrup, previously heated, 
and mix them thoroughly. 

The U. S. P. formula of 1880 is: 

Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, 10 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 90 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb with the Syrup. 
As the Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb is the same as is pro- 
duced by percolating the drugs with Diluted Alcohol in the 
1870 formula, the resultant preparation is very nearly the same 
in both cases. A formula for preparing this Tincture by water- 
bath percolation will be found under the head of Tinctures. 

3158. Syrupus Rhceados. Br. 

Syrup of Red Poppy. 

Fresh Red Poppy Petals 13 ounces av. 

Refined Sugar 36 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, 20 fl. ounces. 

Rectified Spirit, 2 l / z fl. ounces. 



814 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



Add the petals gradually to the Water heated in a' water- 
bath, frequently stirring, and afterwards, the vessel being re- 
moved, infuse for 12 hours, then press out the liquor, strain, 
add the Sugar and dissolve by heat ; when nearly cold add the 
Spirit and enough Water to make the product weigh 58 ounces 
av. This is used for imparting a red color to Syrups, and as 
a mild anodyne. Dose 1 fl. drachm or more. 

3159. Syrupus Rosae. 

Syrup of Rose. 

This Syrup in the 1870 U. S. P. was called Syrupus Roscz 
Gallicce, or Syrup of Red Rose. It was prepared by percolat- 
ing 2 troyounces of Red Rose petals with Diluted Alcohol, 
reserving the first fl. ounce, evaporating the next 5 ounces that 
passed to 1^ ounces and mixing with 7 ounces of Water; 18 
troyounces of Sugar was then dissolved in the liquid by gentle 
heat, and when cold the first one ounce reserved was added 
and thoroughly mixed. 

The present officinal formula is as follows : 

Fluid Extract of Rose, . . 10 parts or 2 fl. ounces. 
Syrup, 90 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 

This is used for coloring and flavoring. 

The Br. P. directs 2 ounces av. of dried Red Rose Petals to 
be infused for 2 hours in 20 fl. ounces of Water, then pressed 
and the liquid heated to boiling, filtered, and 30 ounces of 
Sugar dissolved in the filtrate. 

3160. Syrupus Rubi. 

Syrup of Rubus {Blackberry). 
Fluid Extract of Rubus (Blackberry), . 4 fl.ounces. 

Syrup, 12 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. 

The fluid extract designated is made from Blackberry Root. 
A Syrup of Blackberry for flavoring Soda Water and for other 
purposes is also made from the fruit. 

This is used as an astringent for diarrhoea, etc. Dose a tea- 
spoonful or more. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 815 



3161. Syrupus Rubi Idaei. 

Syrup of Raspberry. 

The U. S. P. formula is as follows: 

Fresh ripe Raspberries, any convenient quantity. 
Sugar, a sufficient quantity. 

Reduce the Raspberries to a pulp and let it stand at rest for 
three days. Separate the juice by pressing and set it aside 
until it has completely fermented and become clear, and then 
filter. To each pint of the filtered juice then add 25 ounces 
av. of Sugar, heat to boiling, avoiding the use of tinned vessels, 
and strain. Keep the Syrup in well-stopped bottles in a cool, 
dark place. The G. P. formula is about the same. 

This is evidently given as a representative formula for Fruit 
Syrups, and although it makes a good Syrup it does not retain 
the natural flavor of the fruit as does a Syrup made from the 
juice without being fermented. See formulas for Fruit Syrups. 

3162. Syrupus Sarsaparilla Compositus. 

Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 

Sarsaparilla, .... 150 parts or 25 ounces av. 

Guaiacum Wood, . . 20 parts or T>/i ounces av. 

Pale Rose, .... 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, . . 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 

Senna, 12 parts or 2 ounces av. 

Sassafras, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Anise, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Gaultheria, .... 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Sugar, 600 parts or 100 ounces av. 

Water, . . . ) each, sufficient to make 

Diluted Alcohol, I 1000 parts or about 7 pints. 

(The drugs should all be about No. 30 powder.) 
Mix the solid ingredients except the Sugar with three pints 
of Diluted Alcohol and macerate the mixture for forty-eight 
hours; then transfer it to a cylindrical percolator, pack it 
firmly, and gradually pour Diluted .Alcohol upon it until 6 
pints of tincture have been obtained. Evaporate this portion, 
by means of a water-bath, to 3 pints, add a pint of Water, and 
filter, adding enough Water through tin- filter to make 4 pints. 



816 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



Lastly, add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, 
and strain. U. S. 1880. 

Other formulas for Syrup Sarsaparilla Compound will be 
found among the Standard Remedies. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, . . 25 ounces av. 

Guaicum Wood, in No. 30 powder, 3 ounces av. 

Pale Rose, in No. 30 powder, . . 2 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, in No. 30 powder, 2 ounces av. 

Senna, in No. 30 powder, .... 2 ounces av. 

Sassafras, in No. 30 powder, ... 1 ounce av. 

Anise, in No. 30 powder, . . . . 1 ounce av. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring (see below), . y 2 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 6yi pounds av. 

Water, . . . ) „ . 

„.. . . , , , I each, a sufficient quantity. 

Diluted Alcohol, ) n ' 

Mix the solid ingredients, except the Sugar, and moisten 
them with \ l / 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol, set in a covered 
vessel in a warm place for 12 hours, then transfer to the water- 
bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them 2 pints of 
Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for 24 hours; then 
heat moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, adding 
Diluted Alcohol to the drugs and continuing the heat and 
percolation until 6 pints of the tincture have passed. Distill 
off three pints of Alcohol, by means of the water-bath and 
still, add a pint of Water to the residue and filter, adding 
enough Water though the filter to make the measure 4 pints. 
Mix the Sarsaparilla Flavoring with 4 ounces of the Sugar and 
dissolve this with the remainder of the Sugar in the liquid by 
percolation or agitation. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring, or Essence of Sarsaparilla, is the 
same as is used for flavoring Soda Water Syrups, and is made 
as follows : 

Oil of Wintergreen, 4 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Sassafras, 3 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Anise, 1 fl. drachm. 

Cologne Spirit, 12 fl. ounces. 

Water, 4 fl. ounces. 



SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 817 



Mix, and, if necessary, filter through a little Carbonate of 
Magnesium. 

3163. Syrupus Scillae. 

Syrup of Squill. 
The U. S. P. formula is as follows : 

Vinegar of Squill, ... 40 parts or 1 pint. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 26 ounces av. 
Water, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Heat the Vinegar of Squill to the boiling point in a glass or 
porcelain vessel and filter while hot, adding enough Water 
through the filter to make the filtrate weigh 40 parts or mea- 
sure a pint ; add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without 
heat, and strain. 

The Br. formula is about the same. This is used for coughs, 
in doses of J / 2 to a teaspoonful. 

3164. Syrupus Scillae Compositus. 

Compound Syrup of Squill {Hive Syrup). 
The U. S. P. formula is : 

Squill, 120 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 

Senega, 120 parts or 2]/ 2 ounces av. 

Tartrate of Antimony and 

Potassium, .... 3 parts or 28 grains. 

Sugar, 1200 parts or 26 ounces av. 

Precipitated Phosphate 

of Calcium, .... 9 parts or 90 grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, ) each sufficient to make 
Water, . . . 1 2000 parts or 2 pints. 

The drugs should be in No. 30 powder. 

Mix the Squill and Senega, and, having moistened the mix- 
ture with half a pint of Diluted Alcohol, macerate for an hour, 
then transfer the mixture to a conical percolator and gradually 
pour upon it Diluted Alcohol until one and a half pints of 
tincture are obtained. Boil this portion for a few minutes 
and then evaporate it by means of a water-bath to half a pint, 
having added three ounces of boiling Water, triturate the 
mixture with the precipitated Phosphate of Calcium, and add, 



818 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



through the filter, enough warm Water to make the whole 
measure one pint. In this dissolve the Sugar by agitation, 
without heat, and strain. Lastly, dissolve the Tartrate of 
Antimony and Potassium in a fl. ounce of hot Water, and mix 
the solution thoroughly with the Syrup. U. S. 1880. 
MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Squill, in No. 20 powder, .... 2^ ounces av. 

Senega, in No. 30 powder, . . . 2^2 ounces av. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, 32 grains. 

Sugar, 28 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, ( , „ . 

> each, sufficient. 
Water, . . . . ) 

Mix the Squill and Senega, moisten with 5 fl. ounces of 
Diluted Alcohol, and set in a covered vessel for 12 hours; 
then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack very moder- 
ately, pour upon it a pint of Diluted Alcohol, and set in a 
warm place for 24 hours ; then heat very moderately, and after 
one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to the drug and 
continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half of 
the percolate has passed. Distill off 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol, 
and boil the residue for 15 minutes; then evaporate it to half 
a pint and filter, adding enough Water through the filter to 
make 15 fl. ounces. In this dissolve the Sugar by percolation 
or agitation, and having dissolved the Tartrate of Antimony 
and Potassium in an ounce of hot Water, add to the Syrup 
and mix thoroughly. 

This is much used as a cough Syrup and emetic, in doses of 
]/ 2 to a teaspoonful or more. 

3165. Syrupus Senegae. 

Syrup of Senega — 1880. Syrup of Seneka — 1870. 
The U. S. P. 1880 formula is : 

Fluid Extract of Senega, . 160 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Water of Ammonia, . . 4 parts or 90 rrtinims. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, . 600 parts or 28 ounces av. 

Water, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Fluid Extract with 12 ounces of Water, add the 

Water of Ammonia, shake the mixture well, and let it stand 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 819 



for a few hours ; then filter, adding enough Water through the 
filter to make ij fl. ounces. To the filtered solution add the 
Sugar and dissolve by agitation or percolation, without heat, 
and strain. This contains 16 per cent of Senega. 

The G. P. preparation contains only 5 per cent, of Senega. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Senega, in No. 40 powder, ... 8 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 % fl. drachm. 

Sugar, 28 ounces av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the drug with 8 fl.ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
let stand for 12 hours, then pack moderately in the water-bath 
percolator; pour upon it the remainder (8 fl.ounces) of the 
Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for one day; then 
heat very moderately, and after one hour begin to percolate, 
adding Water to the drug, and continuing the heat and perco- 
lation until a pint of the tincture has passed ; boil this for 15 
minutes to coagulate the albumen and starchy matter, continue 
the evaporation by gentle heat until the liquid is reduced to 
half a pint, and filter through muslin, without pressure, adding 
a little Water through the filter to preserve the measure. To 
the filtered liquid add 8 ounces of Water and the Water of 
Ammonia, and, after standing 3 or 4 hours, filter through 
paper and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation or 
percolation. 

This is a tonic expectorant much esteemed in cough mix- 
tures. Dose ]/ 2 to 1 fl. drachm. 

3166. Syrupus Sennae. 

Syrup of Senna. 

The U. S. P. 1880 formula is: 

Senna, bruised, . . . . 33 parts or 16 ounces av. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 60 parts or 29 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 4 parts or 2 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Coriander, ... 8 minims. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 



820 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 

Digest the Senna in five pints of Water, at a temperature 
not exceeding 50 C. (122 F.), for 24 hours, express and strain 
the liquid ; digest the mass with 2 pints of Water, at the same 
temperature, for 24 hours, express and strain as before, mix 
the strained liquids and evaporate the mixture to 15 fl. ounces. 
When cold add the Alcohol, previously mixed with the Oil of 
Coriander, and filter through paper, adding, through the filter, 
enough Water to make the whole measure 17 fl. ounces. Then 
add the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation or percolation, and 
strain. 

As this Syrup is about one-half the strength of the Fluid 
Extract, it .seems an unnecessary officinal. It may be made 
extemporaneously by mixing equal measure of Fluid Extract 
of Senna and Syrup. 

It may also be made by water-bath percolation. 

The Br. P. formula is about the same. The G. P. prepara- 
tion contains only 10 per cent, of Senna. The dose as a laxa- 
tive is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 

3167. Syrupus Tolutanus. 

Syrup of To I u. 
As the U. S. P. 1870 formula for Syrup of Tolu is generally 
preferred, both that and the 1880 formula are given. 

U. S. P. 1870 FORMULA. 

Tincture of Tolu (U. S. 1870), . . 2 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 120 grains. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 28^ ounces av. 

Water, 1 pint. 

Rub the Tincture of Tolu first with the Carbonate of Mag- 
nesium and 2 ounces of the Sugar, and then with the Water, 
gradually added, and filter. To the filtered liquid add the re- 
mainder of the Sugar, and, having dissolved it with the aid of 
a gentle heat, strain the solution while hot. 

U. S. P. 1880 FORMULA. 
Balsam of Tolu, .... 4 parts or 1^ ounces av. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 28 ounces av. 
Distilled Water, a sufficient quantity. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 821 



Mix the Sugar with 13 fl. ounces of Distilled Water, add the 
Balsam- and digest the whole in a covered vessel, at a tempera- 
ture not exceeding 82 C. (180 F.), for 2 hours. When cold, 
strain through a well-wetted muslin strainer, adding enough 
Water through the strainer to make the Syrup measure 2 
pints, and mix thoroughly. 

The formula of 1870 is much to be preferred, both on ac- 
count of the manner of making and the quality and appear- 
ance of the finished Syrup. 

The Br. P. formula is about the same as the U. S. 1880. 

3168. Syrupus Zingiberis. 

Syrup of Ginger. 
As the Syrup of Ginger of the U. S. P. 1870 and 1880 differ 
considerably, both formulas are given, the 1870 formula being 
generally preferred. 

U. S. P. 1870 FORMULA. 
Fluid Extract of Ginger, .... 3 fl. drachms. 
Carbonate of Magnesium, .... 60 grains. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, .... 26 ounces av. 
Water, I pint. 

Rub the Fluid Extract of Ginger with the Carbonate of 
Magnesium and 2 ounces of the Sugar, and then with the 
Water, gradually added, and filter. To the filtrate add the 
remainder of the Sugar, and, having dissolved it with the aid 
of gentle heat, strain the solution while hot. 

U. S. P. 1880. 
Fluid Extract of Ginger, . 2 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 
Sugar, in coarse powder, . 65 parts or 30 ounces av. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Rub the Fluid Extract of Ginger with 12 ounces of Sugar 
and expose the mixture to a heat not exceeding 6o° C. (140 
F.) until all the Alcohol has evaporated. Then mix the resi- 
due thoroughly by agitation with 15 ounces of Water and filter 
the liquid, adding through the filter enough Water to make 
the whole measure 22 fl. ounces. Finally, add the remainder 
of the Sugar, dissolve it by agitation, without heat, and filter. 



822 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



As with Syrup of Tolu, the 1880 formula is no improvement 
over the 1870, in fact makes a much less desirable preparation 
and takes more time and trouble. 

The 1870 formula may be made without the use of heat, by 
percolation or agitation. 

The Br. P. formula is strong Tincture of Ginger 6 fl. drachms, 
Syrup 19 fl. ounces. This is used as a stimulant and stomachic, 
in doses of I or 2 fl. drachms. 

Unofficial Syrups. 

Besides the foregoing syrups official in the U. S., Br. and 
German Pharmacopoeias, a great many which are not official 
are much used. These include the syrups of vegetable sub- 
stances which are popular or convenient ; the syrups of 
chemical substances, which are mostly included in the prepara- 
tions of elegant pharmacy; syrups used for soda water and 
other beverages, and a great variety of other syrups which 
have been introduced into pharmacy and medicine, because of 
their value, utility or application. The following are those 
most used : 

Syrups of Vegetable Substances. 

These syrups are arranged in classes according to their 
methods of preparation, medicinal strength, etc. 

3169. Syrup Adiantum or Maiden Hair. 

Maiden Hair Fern 1 ounce av. 

Boiling Water, 10 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 17 ounces av. 

Pour the Boiling Water on the drug and infuse for half an hour, then 
strain, and dissolve the Sugar in 9 fl.ourices of the liquid. 

This is used for coughs, etc.; the dose being from a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful. It is also known as Syrup Capillaire. It may be flavored 
with orange flower or other aromatic water. 

3170. Syrup Carrageen or Iceland Moss. — Soak first in Water, and pour off 
to deprive of bitterness. Then make as above. 

3171. Syrup Corsican Moss, or Helminthocortus. Make as above. 

3172. Syrup Liquorice Root, or Glycyrrhiza, and of other similar sub- 
stances which make demulcent syrups are prepared in the same manner. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3173. Syrup Aniseed. 

Aniseed in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 

Boiling Water 12 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

Pour the boiling Water on the drug and infuse by gentle heat in a covered 
vessel for two hours, then strain and in 10 fl.ounces of the strained infusion 
dissolve the Sugar. This is a representative of a great number of aromatic 
syrups that may be made from seeds, fruit, and other substances. The 
following Syrups are made in the same manner : 

3174. Syrup Caraway or Carum. 

3175. Syrup Cardamom or Cardamomum. 

3176. Syrup Cloves or Carophylles. 

3177. Syrup Coltsfoot or Tussilagino. 

3178. Syrup Cubeb or Cubebae. 

3179. Syrup Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus Globulus. 

3180. Syrup Fennel or Foeniculum. 

3181. Syrup Gillinia. 

3182. Syrup Hyssop or Hyssopus. 

3183. Syrup Juniper Berries. 

3184. Syrup Sweet Flag or Calamus. 

3185. Syrup Violets. — Fresh flowers 8 ounces ; dried, 2 ounces. 

3186. Syrup Anthemis. 

Syrup of Chamojnile. 

Chamomile Flowers 1 ounce av. 

Boiling Water, 12 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

Pour the Boiling Water upon the drug and infuse for two hours in a 
covered vessel, then strain and in 9 fl.ounces of the strained infusion, dissolve 
the sugar. 

This is representative of a great many syrups that may be prepared from 
herbs, flowers, leaves, roots, barks, etc. 

The following syrups may be prepared in a similar manner : 

3187. Syrup Bark or Chinchona. 

3188. Syrup Bayberry Bark. 

3189. Syrup Blackberry Root or Rubus. 

3190. Syrup Bloodroot or Sanguinaria. 

3191. Syrup Colchicum. 

3192. Syrup Dulcamara or Bitter Sweet. 

3193. Syrup Calls or Nutgalls. 

3194. Syrup Hoarhound or Marrubium. 

3195. Syrup Jalap. 

3196. Syrup Lobelia. 



824 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 

3197. Syrup Pipsissewa or Chimaphila. 

3198. Syrup Saffron. 

3199. Syrup Valerian. 

3200. Syrup Vanilla, and many others. 

3201. Syrup Asparagus. 

Asparagus Juice, clarified, 9 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 17 fl.ounces. 

The juice is first clarified by heating almost to boiling and straining. The 
Sugar is then dissolved in 9 flounces of the clarified juice by gentle heat. 

Other syrups are prepared from fresh juices of succulent plants in a similar 
manner. The following are made in this manner : 

3202. Syrup Fumitory. 

3203. Syrup Hounds Tongue. 

3204. Syrup Hedge Mustard. 

3205. Syrup Symphytic. — Comfrey Juice and Plantain Juice each equal 
parts with Sugar, as above. 

3206. Syrup Asafetida. 

Asafetida, in powder 1 ounce av. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 6 drachms. 

Boiling Water, 10 fl.ounces. 

Essence of Peppermn: 1 1 fl.ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Rub the Asafetida with the Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar and add 
the Boiling Water ; when cool add the Essence of Peppermint, filter, adding 
water enough through the filter to make 9 fl.ounces, and dissolve the Sugar 
in the filtrate by agitation. 

Other syrups may be prepared from gum-resins, balsams, etc., in the same 
manner, omitting the Essence of Peppermint. 

3207. Syrup Ammoniac. 

3208. Syrup Balsam Peru. 

3209. Syrup Benzoin. 

3210. Syrup Canada Balsam. 

321 1. Syrup Copaiba. 

3212. Syrup Guaiacum. 

3213. Syrup Liquidambar or Sweet Gum. 

3214. Syrup Belladonna. 

Fluid Extract Belladonna 1 fl.ounce. 

Water, 8 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

Mix the fluid extract with the water, filter and dissolve the Sugar in the 
filtrate. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



825 



This is representative of a great many syrups that may readily be made 
from fluid extracts in this manner, such as : 
3215 Syrup Digitalis or Foxglove. 

3216. Syrup Guarana or Paulinia?. 

3217. Syrup Hydrastis or Golden Seal. 

3218. Syrup Hyoscyamus or Henbane. 

3219. Syrup Stramonium or Datura, 

and many others of similar strength and character. 
Syrups may be made from less active drugs by taking 

Fluid Extract of Drug, 2 fl.ounces. 

Water, 7 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

and making a syrup in the same manner as the foregoing. 



3220. Syrup Opium. 

Aqueous Extract of Opium 128 grains. 

Water, warm 9 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

Rub the extract with the water until dissolved, filter and dissolve the Sugar 
in the filtrate. Dose, from half to a teaspoonful. 

Many other syrups of Extracts may be made in the same manner, using 
such a quantity of the extract that a teaspoonful will contain the ordinary 
dose of the medicine. 

The following are examples : 

3221. Syrup Conium, 128 grains extract in a pint. 

3222. Syru Coca or Erythroxylon 1 ounce extract in a pint. 

3223. Syrup Euonymus yi ounce extract in a pint. 

3224. Syrup Liquorice Extract, 1 ounce extract in a pint. 

3225. Syrup Taraxacum or Dandelion, 2 ounces extract in a pint. 

Many others may be made in a similar manner. 



3226. Syrup Svapnia. 

Svapnia 128 grains. 

Hot Water 9 fl.ounces. 

Sugar 17 ounces av. 

Rub the Svapnia to a fine powder and dissolve in the Hot Water, filter the 
solution and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. Dose, a half to a teaspoonful. 

Svapnia is a proprietary preparation of purified opium made by evapor- 
ating a purified solution of opium and pouring upon glass. It is used for the 
same purposes as Opium. 



SVRUPI — SYRUPS. 



Compound Vegetable Syrups. 

The following are the principal unofficial Compound Vegetable Syrups : 

3227. Antiscrobutic Syrup. — Scurvygrass, Watercresses, Horseradish, 
fresh, of each, 10 ounces ; Buckbean 1 ounce, Bitter Orange 2 ounces, 
Cinnamon ]/ z ounce, White Wine 45 fl.ounces. Macerate 2 days, then 
distill off 10 ounces av. and add to the distillate 25 ounces av. of Sugar. 
Strain the residue left after distilling, clarify with White of Egg, and add to 
the syrup prepared from the distillate. Dose, 2 to 4 drachms. 

3228. Syrup Aralia Compound — Alterative Syrup. — This may be made 
by mixing 

Fluid Extract Spikenard Compound (1615), . . . . 4 fl.ounces. 

Syrup 12 fl.ounces. 

or by making an extract of the ingredients as directed (161 5), distilling off 
the Alcohol and making 4 pints of syrup with Sugar and Water. This is 
the Eclectic Syrup Aralia or Spikenard Compound, much esteemed as an 
alterative. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3229. Syrup Artemisia Compound — Syrup of Mugwort Compound. — 
Fresh tops of Mugwort, Pennyroyal, Catnip and Savine, each 2 ounces av. ; 
fresh roots of Elecampane, Lovage, and Fennel, each 88 grains ; fresh tops of 
Marjoram, Hyssop, Rue, Feverfew, and Basil, of each 1 ounce av. ; Aniseed 
% ounce, Cinnamon X ounce, Rectified Spirit 3 ounces, Water 30 ounces, 
Syrup of Honey 12^ ounces av. Infuse the plants with the Water and 
spirit, and after standing 24 hours distill over 4 fl.ounces, press the residue, 
clarify the liquid with White of Egg, add Sugar, 25 ounces av., make into 
a syrup, add the Syrup of Honey, and lastly the distilled liquid, and strain. 
The dose is 2 to 8 drachms as an aromatic tonic and bitter. 

3230. Syrup Asarum Compound. — Macerate i]4 ounce av. of-Asarum 
(Canada Snakeroot or Wild Ginger), with 10 fl.ounces of Diluted Alcohol. 
Pour off the liquid and reserve. Then add 4 fl.ounces of Water, macerate 
and express, adding the liquid to the portion reserved. To this add 40 
grains Cochineal in powder, 75 grains Carbonate of Potassium, Wine of 
Ipecae 1 fl.ounce, and 28 ounces of Sugar, dissolve and strain. This is used 
in cough mixtures, and as a fine aromatic. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 

3231. Syrup Blackberry Aromatic. — This syrup may be made by mixing: 
Fluid Extract of Blackberry Aromatic (1 581), .' . . 2 fl.ounces. 
Syrup, 14 fl.ounces. 

Or by making an extract of the ingredients as directed (161 5), distilling off 
the Alcohol and making 1 gallon of syrup with Sugar and Water. It may 
also be made by adding 2 fl.ounces of Fluid Extract of Blackberry and % 
ounce Fluid Extract of Aromatics to 14 fl.ounces of syrup. 

3232. Syrup Carrageen Compound — Compotmd Syrup of Iceland Moss. 
— Pour Cold Water on l A ounce of Iceland Moss and let stand 12 hours, 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 827 



then pour off and throw away. Boil Hoarhound yi ounce, Liverwort y 2 
ounce and the softened Carrageen with i pint of Water for 20 minutes or 
more, then strain 12 fl. ounces and dissolve in the liquid 24 ounces av. of 
Sugar. This is an excellent demulcent cough syrup. Dose, a teaspoonful 
or more. 

3233. Syrup Ceanothus Compound — Compound Syrup of Red-root. — 
Tops and leaves of Red-root or Ceanothus, Wild Lettuce, each 1 ounce av. ; 
Cimicifuga y z ounce, Pleurisy Root, Wild Ginger Root, each % ounce ; 
Lobelia, Bloodroot, each 1 drachm. Make an extract with Diluted Alcohol, 
distill off the Alcohol and make 2 pints of syrup with the residue, Sugar and 
Water. 

This is used as a cough remedy. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

3234. Syrup Corydalis Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Turkey Corn. 

Turkey-corn Tubers, 10 ounces av. 

Twin Leaf (Jeffersonia Diphylla), 5 ounces av. 

Blue Flag, 2^ ounces av. 

Sheep Laurel Leaves, i l / 2 ounces av. 

Sugar, 6 pounds av. 

Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and cover them with Alcohol. 
Macerate for 24 hours, then put in the water-bath percolator. Draw off the 
Alcoholic tincture, and reserve. Continue the percolation with Water until 
exhausted. Evaporate the last portion of the percolate to a thin extract, add 
the reserved percolate and enough Water to make the measure 5 pints, after 
standing, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by percolation or very 
gentle heat. 

This syrup is much esteemed by the Eclectics as an alterative and diuretic 
for scrofula, syphilis, etc. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

3235. Syrup Liquorice Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Glycyrrhiza. 

Liquorice Root, in coarse powder, 2 pounds av. 

Marshmellow Root, cut 8 ounces av. 

Sugar ' 6 pounds av. 

Alcohol, Water, each sufficient. 

Ma< crate the drugs with Warm Water enough to cover them well, pouring 
off the liquid after standing a few hours, and repeating the operation until 
one gallon is obtained, evaporate to 4 pints, strain, add one pint of Alcohol, 
and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by percolation or gentle heat. 

This is an excellent demulcent syrup for coughs, etc., and a vehicle for 
quinine without any objectionable qualities. 



828 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3236. Syrup Marrubium Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Hoarhound — Pulmonary Syrup. 

This may be made by mixing 3 fl.ounces of Fluid Extract of Hoarhound 
Compound ( 1 597). with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract from the drugs 
directed for making the fluid extract (1597), and making with it, by the 
addition of Sugar and Water, 5 ]/ 2 pints of Syrup. 

This is an excellent tonic cough syrup for pulmonary affections. The dose 
is a teaspoonful. 

3237. Syrup Mitchella Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Partridgeberry or Squaw Vine — Mother's Cordial. 

This may be made by mixing y/ z fl.ounces of Fluid Extract Mitchella 
Compound (1605) with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in 
the filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract of the drugs as 
directed in the formula (1605), and by the addition of Water and Sugar, 
making 5 pints of syrup. 

This syrup is an Eclectic preparation much esteemed as a parturient and 
uterine tonic. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3238. Syrup Opium and Ipecac. 

Dover s Syrup. 

This may be prepared in several ways, all amounting to the same. The 
following are the most expedient : 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac 128 minims. 

Aqueous Extract of Opium 75 grains. 

Syrup • . . 1 pint. 

Rub the Extract of Opium with the fluid extract and a portion of the 
syrup until dissolved, then add the remainder of the syrup. Or by mixing 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium 2^ fl.ounces. 

Fluid Extract Ipecac 128 minims. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

This syrup contains the equivalent of 10 grains of Dover's Powder in a 
teaspoonful or fl. drachm, the usual dose. 

3239. Syrup Phytolacca Compound. 

Co77ipound Syrup of Poke. 

This may be made by mixing 3 fl.ounces Fluid Extract of Poke Compound 
(1607) with 6 fl.ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving 14 ounces av. of 
Sugar in the filtrate, or by making an extract of the drugs directed (1607), 
and with Water and Sugar making 5>£ pints of syrup. 

This is an Eclectic Syrup used as an alterative. The dose is a teaspoonful 
or more. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3240. Syrup Rhubarb and Potassium. 

Neidralizi7ig Cordial. 

Rhubarb in very coarse powder 5 ounces av. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 5 ounces av. 

Golden Seal, in coarse powder 2 ounces av. 

Cinnamon, in fine powder 2 ounces av. 

Oil of Peppermint, 30 minims. 

Alcohol, 1% pint. 

Sugar, 6 pounds av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Pack the drugs loosely in the water-bath percolator and having mixed the 
Alcohol with a pint and a half of Water, pour enough of the liquid on 
them to saturate and cover them. Let stand for 24 hours, and having dis- 
solved the Bicarbonate of Potassium in the remainder of the liquid pour it 
upon the drugs ; heat very moderately, and after an hour begin to percolate, 
reserving all that will pass. Remove the heat and continue the percolation 
with water until the drugs are exhausted. Evaporate this latter portion to 
iy 2 pints. Dissolve the Oil of Peppermint in the portion first reserved, add 
the evaporated portion and enough Water to make 5 pints, filter and dissolve 
the Sugar in the filtrate. 

This is a valuable Eclectic preparation, much used for dyspepsia and acid 
stomach. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3241. Syrup Rumex Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Yellow Dock — Scrofulous Syrup. 

This may be made by mixing 5 fl. ounces Fluid Extract Rumex Com- 
pound (1610) with 5 fl. ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar. 

Or by making an extract of the drugs directed (1610), and with Water and 
Sugar making 4 pints of syrup. 

This is an Eclectic syrup much esteemed as a blood-purifier, alterative, 
etc. The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. Iodide of Potassium 
may be added 1 or 2 drachms in a pint, if desired. 

3242. Syrup Stillingia Compound. 

Compound Syrup of Queen's Root. 

This may be prepared by mixing 4 flounces of Fluid Extract of Stillingia 
•Compound (161 7) with 5 fl. ounces of Water, filtering and dissolving in the 
filtrate 14 ounces av. of Sugar, or by making an extract from the drugs 
directed (1617) and with Water and Sugar making 4 pints of syrup. 

This is a valuable alterative syrup and blood-purifier first introduced by 
ilu- " Eclectics." It is much more effective than Syrup Sarsaparilla Com- 
pound, and is given in scrofula, syphilis, etc. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
.tablespoonful. Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 



830 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3243. Syrup Yerba Santa Compound or Aromatic. 

Verba Santa, coarsely ground, 4 ounces av. 

Orange Peel, in coarse powder ]/ z ounce av. 

Cinnamon, in powder, 60 grains. 

Cloves, in powder 60 grains. 

Magnesia, Calcined % ounce av. 

Sugar 28 ounces av. 

Alcohol, { . . - . 

,,- . c of each sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Water, * v 

Mix one part of Alcohol by measure with 7 parts of Water. Mix the drugs 
with the Magnesia, moisten with sufficient of the mixed Water and Alcohol 
and pack in the water-bath percolator, cover with the menstruum and allow 
to stand 24 hours. Then heat very moderately and begin to percolate, adding 
the menstruum and continuing the percolation until a pint is obtained, filter 
this, adding a little more magnesia to the filter if necessary to make clear, 
and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by gentle heat or by percolation. 

This syrup is one of the best known vehicles for quinine, as it almost 
entirely masks its bitterness. It may also be used for bronchial affections. 

Syrups of Chemical Substances. 

The following are unofficial syrups prepared from chemical 
substances, for which there is a demand in this country, most 
of them being known as elegant pharmaceutical preparations. 
They are, therefore, given more prominence than other un- 
official syrups. A great number used in French pharmacy 
cannot be mentioned here. 

3244. Flavored Syrup. 

For making syrups of chemical substances as well as for 
other uses, a flavored simple syrup, which may be used in the 
same manner as the official simple syrup, is desirable. The 
following will be found suitable for this purpose : 

Elixir Flavoring (508), I fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, .... y 2 ounce av. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Sugar, 8 pounds av. 

Rub the Elixir Flavoring with the Carbonate of Magnesium 
in a mortar, add about one-third of the Water gradually, and 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 831 



rub them well together ; add the mixture to the remainder of 
the Water, and after standing a day or two, filter and dissolve 
the Sugar in the filtrate, by percolation or agitation. 

3245. Syrup Bromide of Iron (Tasteless.) 

Besides the official syrup Bromide of Iron (3134) a so-called 
tasteless syrup is made as follows : 

Bromide of Iron, 384 grains. 

Citrate of Potassium, \y 2 ounce av. 

Soluble Flavoring (510), .... 1 fl. ounce. 

Water, 7 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
Bromide of Iron and then the Soluble Flavoring, and filter. 
Dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Bromide of Iron. Dose 20 to 
60 minims. 

3246. Syrup Bromide of Morphine. 

Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Morphine in y£ ounce of Warm Water, and add 
to the syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains )/% grain Bromide of Morphine. Dose 
a teaspoonful. 

3247. Syrup Bromide of Quinine. 

Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Water 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring (5 10), I fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Bromide of Quinine in the Water by the aid of 
heat, add the Flavoring, and dissolve the Sugar in the solution. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine. Dose, 
a teaspoonful. 



832 SYRUPI— SYRUPS. 



3248. Syrup Bromide of Quinine and Morphine. 

Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Syrup Bromide of Quinine (3247), . . 16 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Bromide of Morphine in ^ ounce of Hot 
Water and add to the syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine, ]/z grain 
Bromide of Morphine. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

3249. Syrup Bromide of Quinine, Mor- 

phine, and Strychnine. 

Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Solution of Strychnine (1942), .... 2 fl. drachms. 

Syrup Bromide of Quinine (3247), ... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Morphine Salt in % ounce of Hot Water, and 

add the solution with the Solution of Strychnine to the syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Bromide of Quinine, ]/% grain 

Bromide of Morphine, and -^ grain Strychnine. Dose, a 

teaspoonful. 

3250. Syrup Bromide of Strychnine. 

Bromide of Strychnine, 4 grains. 

Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine in ^2 fl. ounce of Boiling Water and 
add to the syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains ^ grain of the Strychnine Salt. Dose, 
a teaspoonful. 

3251. Syrup Bromide of Strychnine 

and Morphine. 

Bromide of Strychnine, 4 grains. 

Bromide of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Bromides in y 2 fl. ounce of Boiling Water and 
add to the syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains ¥ ^ grain Strychnine and l /% grain Mor- 
phine Bromides. Dose, a teaspoonful. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 833 



3252. Syrup Bromide Strychnine, Iron 

and Quinine. 

Bromide of Strychnine, 2 grains. 

Bromide of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Bromide of Iron 256 grains. 

Citrate of Potassium, 1 ounce. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Water, 7 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Citrate of Potassium in the Water, add the 
Iron Salt, then the Bromides, and dissolve by gentle heat, then 
add the Flavoring and Sugar. 

A fl. drachm represents -2 grains Bromide of Iron, I grain 
Bromide of Quinine and ^ grain Bromide of Strychnine. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 

3253. Syrup Bromide of Sodium. 

Bromide of Sodium 640 grains. 

Soluble Flavoring, . • 1 fl. ounce. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Water, add the flavoring and dis- 
solve the Sugar in the solution. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the Sodium Salt. Dose, a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Syrups of other Bromides, as Syrup Bromide of Potassium, 
Syrup Bromide of Ammonium, etc., may be made in the same 
proportion and manner. 

3254. Syrup Citrate of Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 256 grains. 

Hot Water I fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron Salt in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. The dose is 
a teaspoonful or two. 



834 SYRU PI — SYRUPS. 



3255. Syrup Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 

Citrate of Iron and Quinine 256 grains. 

Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Citrate of Iron and Quinine. 
The dose is a teaspoonful. 

3256. Syrup Citrate of Iron, Quinine and 

Strychnine. 

Solution of Strychnine (1942), . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
Syrup Citrate of Iron and Quinine (3255), 1 pint. 

Mix them thoroughly. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iron 
and Quinine and y^-g- grain Strychnine. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful. 

3257. Syrup Citrate of Iron and Strychnine. 

Citrate of Iron and Strychnine, . . . 256 grains. 

Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Salt in the Hot Water and add the Syrup. 
A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron and Strychnine 
Citrate. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

3258. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium (Lime). 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, .... 384 grains. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Salt to a powder and triturate in a mortar with the 
Water until dissolved, add the Soluble Flavoring, filter, and 
dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate without heat. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Hypophosphite of Calcium. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 835 



3259. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium and 

Sodium. 

Syrup HypopJwsphites of Lime and Soda. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, 384 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium 256. grains. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Rub the salts to a fine powder and dissolve by rubbing 
with the Water, add the Flavoring and filter, then dissolve the 
Sugar in the filtrate without heat. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the Hypophosphites. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

3260. Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium, 

Sodium, and Potassium. 

Syrup Hypophosphites Lime, Soda, and Potassa — Compound 
Syr tip of HypopJwsphites. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, 256 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, 128 grains. 

Hypophosphite of Potassium, .... 64 grains. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, I fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Rub the salts to a fine powder and then with the Water until 
dissolved ; add the Flavoring, filter, and dissolve the Sugar in 
the filtrate without heat. 

3261. Syrup Hypophosphites of Calcium, 

Sodium, Potassium, and Iron. 

Syrup Hypophosphite Lime, Soda, Potassa, and Iron. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 
Syrup Hypophosphites Compound (3260), 15 11. ounces. 
.Mix then). A ll. drachm contains about 4^ grains of Hypo- 
phosphites. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



836 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 

3262. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 
Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Hypophosphite of 
Iron. Dose, a teaspoonful or more. 

3263. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron and 

Calcium. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup Hypophosphite of Calcium (3258), 15 fl. ounces. 
Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Iron and about 
3 grains of Calcium Hypophosphite. Dose, a teaspoonful or 
more. 

3264. Syrup Hypophosphite of Iron and 

Manganese. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928), I fl. ounce. 
Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese 

(1929), 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each of the Hypo- 
phosphites. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

3265. Syrup Hypophosphite of Manganese. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Manganese 

(1929), 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of Hypophosphite 
of Manganese. The dose is a teaspoonful or a dessertspoonful. 

3266. Syrup Hypophosphite of Sodium. 

Syrup HypopJiosphitc of Soda. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, 256 grains. 

Hot Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 837 

Dissolve the Salt in the hot Water, strain, and mix the solu- 
tion with the Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Hypophosphite of Sodium. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 



3267. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound with 
Quinine and Strychnine. 

This combination has of late become very popular as a 
nutritive tonic, and has, to a large extent, taken the place of 
other compound Syrups of Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of Calcium, ... 4 ounces av. 

Hypophosphite of Sodium, ... 2 ounces av. 
Hypophosphite of Potassium, . . y^ ounce av. 
Hypophosphite of Manganese, . . % ounce av. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . I ounce av. 

Sulphate of Strychnine 8 grains. 

Sulphate of Quinine, y 2 ounce av. 

Citric Acid, 40 grains. 

Salicylic Acid, 10 grains. 

Sugar, 7 pounds av. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in 8 fl. ounces of Water, and rub 
the Strychnine in a mortar with the solution until dissolved, 
then add the Quinine and Salicylic Acid to the solution, and, 
having transferred to a bottle, add 3 pints more of Water. 
Rub the Hypophosphites to a fine powder and add to the 
solution in the bottle. Dissolve the Phosphate of Iron in 8 
fl. ounces of hot water, and add to the solution in the bottle. 
When all the salts are dissolved, filter the solution and dissolve 
the Sugar in the filtrate, making up the measure to 1 gallon 
with Water. If desired this may be flavored with 4 fl. ounces 
of Soluble Flavoring, but as found in the market it is usually 
without flavor. 

This is similar in composition to the proprietary Fellows' 
Syrup of Hypophosphites Compound. The dose is a teaspoonful 
to a dessertspoonful. A fl. drachm contains about 4 grains of 
the mixed Hypophosphites. 



838 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3268. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, 

with Lactopeptine. 

Syrup Hypophosphites Compound (3260), 12 fl. ounces. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Hypophosphorous Acid I fl. ounce. 

Water. 3 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Lactopeptine with the Water, add the Acid and 
heat gently by water-bath until dissolved, strain the solution 
and add to the Syrup, mixing them thoroughly. 

3269. Syrup Hypophosphites Compound, Iron, 

Quinine, and Strychnine. 

Quinine (Alkaloid), 60 grains. 

Strychnine (Alkaloid), 1 grain. 

Solution Hypophosphite of Iron (1928^. . 1 fl. ounce. 

Hypophosphorous Acid, 2 fl. drachms. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Quinine and Strychnine in the Hypophosphor- 
ous Acid by very gentle heat and add to the Syrup, then add 
the Iron Solution. 

A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain of Quinine, 1 grain Iron, and 
y^-g grain Strychnine. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful. 

3270. Syrup Iodide of Calcium. 

Syrup Iodide of Lime. 

Iodide of Calcium (Lime\ ...... 256 grains. 

Warm W^ater, I fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Calcium Iodide by rubbing with the Water 
and add the solution to the flavored Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iodide of Calcium. This 
Syrup is given as an alterative in doses of a teaspoonful or 
more. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 839 



3271. Syrup Iodide of Iron (Tasteless). 

Tasteless Iodide of Iron, 256 grains. 

Warm Water, I fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Iodide with the Water and add the solution to the 
Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Tasteless Iodide of 
Iron. This is given as a tonic and resolvent in doses of a tea- 
spoonful or more. It has not the disagreeable taste of the 
official Syrup Iodide of Iron. 

3272. Syrup Iodide of Iron and Manganese. 

Iodide of Iron (tasteless), 128 grains. 

Iodide of Manganese, 128 grains. 

Warm Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Iodides with the Water and add the solution to the 
Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iodide of Iron and Man- 
ganese. The dose is a teaspoonful as a tonic and alterative. 

3273. Syrup Iodide of Manganese. 

Iodide of Manganese, 256 grains. 

Warm Water, t fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Iodide by rubbing with the Water, and add the 
solution to the Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Iodide of Manganese. The 
dose is a teaspoonful, as a tonic. 

3274. Syrup Iodide. of Starch. 

Iodide of Starch, 16 grains. 

Flavored Syrup 1 11. ounce. 

Rub them well together. 

Id this the Iodide of Starch Is suspended in the Syrup, and it 

should be shaken when taken or dispensed. A colorless syrup 



840 ' SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



may be made by adding 128 grains Hyposulphite of Sodium, 
but this produces a Syrup of Iodide of Sodium instead. 

The Syrup Iodide of Starch may be given in doses of 1 to 
4 fl. drachms. 

3275. Syrup of Iron and Sodium Albuminate. 

" Nitrogenized Irony 

Chloride of Iron (the salt), 128 grains. 

Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 

Albumen (white of egg), 6 fl. ounces. 

Solution of Soda (1915), q. s., about . . 2 fl. ounces. 
Mix part of the Glycerin with the White of Egg and dis- 
solve the Iron by gentle heat in the remainder ; add the solu- 
tion of Iron thus prepared to the mixture of Glycerin and 
Albumen, stirring them well together for an hour or two, and 
forming a semi-solid gelatinous mass ; then add the Solution 
of Soda gradually, and with constant stirring, until the mass 
is dissolved and the solution is neutral. Allow to stand a few 
hours for the froth to subside, then pour off and strain. 

In making this preparation it is necessary to have it neutral, 
which may be determined by testing with litmus paper. If 
not entirely liquid after standing a few hours it will be neces- 
sary to add a little more Solution of Soda. This preparation 
has a bland, sweet taste and a bright color. It is an excellent 
iron tonic and nutritive, given in doses of a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful, a fl. drachm containing 1 grain of the Iron salt. 

3276. Syrup Dialysed Iron. 

Solution Dialysed Iron (504), .... 640 minims. 
Flavored Syrup, enough to make ... 1 pint. 
Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 5 minims Solution Dia- 
lysed Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

3277. Syrup Lactate of Iron. 

Solution Protoxide of Iron (1940), . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Lactic Acid, . . 90 minims. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains I crrain Lactate of Iron. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 841 



3278. Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium 

(Lime). 

Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (1931), 2 fl. ounces. 

Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. (See also 3129). A fl. drachm contains 2 grains 
Lactophosphate of Calcium. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

3279. Syrup Lactophosphate of Iron. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (1932), 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate 
of Iron. The dose is a teaspoonful as a tonic. 

3280. Syrup Lactophosphate of Iron and 

Calcium (Lime). 

Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (.1932), . y 2 fl. ounce. 
Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (193 1), 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 14^ fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains y 2 grain Iron and 1 grain 
Calcium Lactophosphates. The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

3281. Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium 

and Pepsin. 

Syrup Lactophosphate of Calcium (3278), 8 fl. ounces. 

Syrup Pepsin (3288), 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains about 1 grain Lactophos- 
phate of Calcium and 2 grains Pepsin. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a dessertspoon ful. 

3282. Syrup Lactophosphate of Manganese. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Manganese (1933), 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Lactophosphate of 
Manganese. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful 

as a tonic. 



842 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3283. Syrup Lactophosphates Compound. 

Syrup LactopJwspJiate Calcium, Iron and Manganese. 

Solution Lactophosphate of Iron (1932), . y 2 fl. ounce. 
Solution Lactophosphate of Calcium (1935), 1 fl. ounce. 
Solution Lactophosphate of Manganese (1933), y 2 fl. ounce. 
Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains x / 2 grain each Lactophos- 
phate of Iron and Manganese, and 1 grain Lactophosphate of 
Calcium. Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful as a tonic. 

3284. Syrup Lactopeptine. 

Lactopeptine, 384 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, i^fl. drachm. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 14 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Lactopeptine in the mixed liquids for 24 
hours, with occasional agitation, then strain, and dissolve the 
Sugar in the liquid. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains Lactopeptine. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or more. 

3285. Syrup Lactopeptine Compound. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1935), . 1 fl. ounce. 
Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1936), 1 fl. ounce. 

Phosphate of Sodium, 128 grains. 

Phosphate of Potassium 128 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid i^fl. drachm. 

Lactopeptine, 256 grains. 

Water, 6% fl.ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 14 fl.ounces. 

Rub the Lactopeptine and the salts together; mix the solu- 
tions, add the Acid and Water, and add the powders to the 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. • 843 



mixture. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain, add the flavoring 
and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid. The dose is a teaspoon- 
ful to a dessertspoonful. 

3286. Syrup Morphine. 

This may be made with either the Acetate, Hydrochlorate, 
SulpJiate, or other soluble salt of Morphine, as follows : 

The Morphine Salt, 16 grains. 

Hot Water, 2 fl. drachms. 

Flavored Syrup, I pint. 

Dissolve the Morphine Salt in the Hot Water and add to 
the Syrup. A fl. drachm contains y% grain of the salt. The 
usual dose is a teaspoonful, as an anodyne. 

3287. Syrup Muriate of Ammonia. 

Syrup Chloride of Ammonium. 

Chloride of Ammonium in powder, . . 640 grains. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, 1 fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Dissolve the salt in the Water, filter, add the Flavoring and 
dissolve the Sugar in the liquid. 

A fl. drachm contains 5 grains of the salt. The dose is a 
teaspoonful or more. 

3288. Syrup Pepsin. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 1 ounce av. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 1 fl. drachm. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring, i fl. ounce. 

Sugar, 16 ounces av. 

Rub the Pepsin with the Water and add the Acid, let stand 
until dissolved, strain, add the Flavoring, and dissolve the 
Sugar in the liquid without heat. 

A fl. drachm contains 31^ grains Saccharated Pepsin. The 
dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



844 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



3289. Syrup Nascent Phenic Acid. 

Pure Phenic or Carbolic Acid, .... 67 grains. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Acid with the Glycerin in a mortar until dissolved, 
and add to the Syrup. 

This is somewhat heavier and of a different flavor than the 
Syrup Pure Nascent Phenic Acid prepared by Declat Manufac- 
turing Co., New-York, but contains the same quantity of the 
acid. If desired like this, use double the quantity of Glycerin 
with 1 ounce of Water and plain Syrup, flavoring with Essence 
of Cognac, I fl. drachm. 

The dose is a tablespoonful. 

3290. Syrup Phosphate of Calcium. • 

Syrup Phosphate of Lime. 

Solution Phosphate of Calcium (1935), . 2 fl. ounces. 
Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of 
Lime. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

3291. Syrup Phosphate of Iron. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . i 1 /^ fl. ounces. 
Flavored Syrup, 14^ fl. ounces. 

Mix them. This may also be prepared by dissolving 384 
grains of Phosphate of Iron (the scale salt) in a fl. ounce of 
boiling Water and adding to 14.% fl. ounces of Flavored Syrup. 

A fl. drachm contains 3 grains of Phosphate of Iron. The 
dose is a teaspoonful or more. See also 3137. 

3292. Syrup Phosphate of Manganese. 

Solution Phosphate of Manganese (1937), 1 fl. ounce. 
Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Phosphate of Man- 
ganese. The dose is 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls, as a tonic. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 845 



3293. Syrup Phosphate of Manganese 
Compound. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

Solution Phosphate of Manganese (1937), 1 fl. ounce. 

Phosphate of Sodium, 128 grains. 

Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Sodium Salt in half an ounce of hot Water 
and add to the Syrup, then add the solutions and mix. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain each Iron, Manganese, and 
Sodium Phosphates. Dose, a teaspoonful or two, as a tonic. 



3294. Syrup Phosphates Compound. 

Chemical Food. 

Solution Phosphates Compound (1938), 2 fl. ounces. 
Flavored Syrup, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix and color with Red Coloring (442). The dose is a tea- 
spoonful or two, as a tonic and vitalizer. 

A fl. drachm contains about 3^ grains of the mixed Phos- 
phates in solution, with excess of Phosphoric Acid. 

This Syrup has been a very popular preparation. The formula above 
given is the most convenient, as the solution has only to be mixed with the 
Syrup, the tedious process which was formerly used being avoided. As 
some may wish to prepare this after the old method the formula is here 
given. The following solutions are first made: 

Sulphate of Iron 1 jounces. 

Phosphate of Sodium 1 $ ounces. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in half gallon hot Water, and mix with 1 gallon 
Water in an earthen crock or other suitable vessel for precipitating. Dis- 
solve the Sodium salt in half gallon hot Water, and add the Solution of Iron 
to it in the jar. Agitate thoroughly and allow to stand a few hours for the 
precipitate to subside, l'our off the Water, and pour upon the precipitate 
1 gallon of fresh Water. Agitate, allow to stand as before, pour off the 
Water, and pour the precipitate upon a cloth strainer to drain. (The object 
of using the large amount of Water in the precipitating jar is to dissolve the 
Sulphate of Sodium as soon as formed, and save the troublesome washing of 



846 SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 



the precipitate usually adopted.) As soon as the precipitate is drained, mix 
it with 

Water, 2 flounces. 

Sugar 1 ounce av. 

Hydrochloric Acid 6 fl. drachms. 

and dissolve. This makes a Solution of Phosphate of Iron with Hydrochloric 
Acid. Then take of 

Phosphate of Calcium (Lime) 1280 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, q. s., or 4 ounces. 

Hot Water, 4 ounces. 

Mix the Phosphate of Lime with the hot Water, and add enough Hydro- 
chloric Acid to dissolve. (The amount depends upon the strength of the 
Acid.) This makes a Solution of Phosphate of Lime with Hydrochloric Acid. 

Then, to make the Syrup, take the 

Solution Phosphate of Iron, as above. 

The Solution Phosphate of Calcium (Lime), ... as above. 

Diluted Phosphoric Acid 5 ounces. 

Extract Vanilla 1 ounce. 

Cochineal, powdered y z ounce. 

Phosphate of Sodium 160 grains. 

Phosphate of Potassium 80 grains. 

Water, enough to make 3 pints. 

Sugar, ...'...■ 4>£ pounds av. 

Mix the Solutions of Iron and Calcium, and add the Phosphoric Acid. 
Dissolve the Phosphate of Sodium and Potassium in a little hot Water, and 
add to the Solutions. Add the Vanilla and Cochineal, and then Water 
enough to make the measure 3 pints. Allow to stand a few hours, to get 
the color from the Cochineal, etc., and filter. Dissolve the Sugar in the 
filtrate, and strain if necessary. 

This makes a beautiful permanent Syrup. 

Each fl. drachm contains 2 grains Phosphate of Calcium, 1 grain Phosphate 
Iron, with fractions of a grain of Phosphate of Sodium and Potassium, and 
an excess of Acid. The Hydrochloric Acid in it is not objectionable and 
makes the preparation permanent. 

3295. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid, diluted, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Quinine Salt in the Acid and add the Syrup. 
A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine Salt. 



SYRUPI — SYRUPS. 847 



3296. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine and Iron. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Phosphoric Acid, diluted, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Solution Phosphate of Iron (1936), . ]/ 2 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Quinine Salt in the Acid and add to the Syrup, 
mix, then add the. Iron Solution. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain each Iron and Quinine. 

3297. Syrup Phosphate of Quinine, Iron and 

Strychnine. 

Syrup Phosphate of Quinine and Iron (3296), 1 pint. 

Solution of Strychnine (1942), 2 fl. drachms. 

Add the Strychnine Solution to the Syrup and mix them 
thoroughly. 

A fl. drachm contains I grain each Quinine and Iron and -^ 
grain Strychnine. See also the official Syrup (3138). 

This Syrup is known and often prescribed as Syrup Triple 
Phosphates. 

3298. Syrup Protoxide of Iron. 

Solution Protoxide of Iron, 1 fl. ounce. 

Flavored Syrup, 15 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. A fl. drachm contains 1 grain Protocitrate of 
Iron. The dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 

3299. Syrup Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

The Syrups of Pyrophosphate of Iron and combinations for 
which formula have been given in previous issues of FENNER'S 
FORMULARY are not here repeated, for the reason that much 
more stable preparations may be made with the new Phos- 
phate of Iron salt in scales of the U. S., 1880, Pharmacopoeia. 
If desired, they may be made by adding Solution of Pyro- 
phosphate of Iron, double the quantity as is directed of the 
Phosphate to neutral Syrups. 

Syrup Pyrophosphate of Iron may be made by adding 2 
ll. ounces of the Solution to 14 fl.ounces of the Syrup. 



848 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



Soda Water Syrups. 

A great variety of Syrups are used by those who dispense 
Soda Water, for flavoring and sweetening the gaseous water. 
Simple Syrup is used as a base and the flavoring ingredients 
added. The flavoring consists of natural fruit juices, or vari- 
ous solutions of oils or aromatic substances, ethers, etc., which 
are mixed with the Syrup. 

As these solutions are variously made and are of different 
strength as prepared by different manufacturers, definite for- 
mulas cannot be given for any except those flavorings which 
are mentioned in this volume. It will, therefore, be under- 
stood that in the formulas given it is expected that the flavor- 
ings designated will be such as are made after the formulas 
which are referred to — which may be either prepared as 
directed or purchased of the Fenner Medicine Co. 

3300. Syrup for Soda Water. 

As a basis for the Syrups used for Soda Water a simple Syrup of good 
body and quality, to which the flavoring ingredients are to be added, may be 
made by druggists as follows : 

Gelatin, Cooper's or Cox's ^ ounce av. 

Water, 1 gallon. 

Sugar, best white 10 pounds av. 

Soak the Gelatin in a pint of Water for half an hour, then dissolve it by 
the heat of a water-bath, and, while hot, strain into the remainder of the 
Water through a coarse muslin strainer, stir thoroughly, add the Sugar, stir 
until dissolved, strain and set away in a cool place. 

The Syrup should be made of Crushed, Granulated, or "A" Coffee Sugar, 
and the best water that can be conveniently obtained. It should be made in 
well-tinned or zinced cans, or stone crocks ; a wooden vessel of any kind 
imparts its peculiar flavor to Syrup after standing, and rapidly develops the 
" acetic " change. The Syrup is best made by putting the proper amount of 
water in a can or crock, adding the sugar a portion at a time, and stirring 
with a stick until dissolved. A cover should be fitted to the can or crock, 
and a stopcock can be placed at the bottom, or a dipper may be hung on the 
inside always ready for use. 

Syrup should not be made up in any large quantity (no more than enough 
to last a week or ten days), and should always be made by the cold process. 

Many druggists buy for this purpose the Double Refitted Rock Candy 
Syrup made by Dryden & Palmer, of Baltimore, Md., or other similar Syrup. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 849 



As this has no ingredients in it to make it " hold its foam " when the water 
is drawn into it, " Soda Foam " must be added either to the simple Syrup or 
when made up and flavored, the most convenient way being to add it to the 
simple Syrup which is then all ready for use. This may be done by dissolv- 
ing y/ 2 ounces av. of Gelatin in 2 quarts of Water and adding to 10 gallons 
of the Syrup, while hot, or by adding the proper quantity of the prepared 
Soda Foam. (3301.) 

3301. Soda Foam. 

If the Syrup used for Soda Water is prepared as directed (3300) no other 
Foam will be necessary, but if the boughten Syrup is used it is necessary to 
add something to make it retain its Foam. Gelatin may be used as directed, 
but it is sometimes convenient to have a liquid Foam which may be added to 
the Syrups as made up by the gallon. For this purpose the following for- 
mulas may be used : 

Soap Bark (Ouillaya. ground) 1 pound av. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Cover the Soap Bark, in a porcelain-lined vessel, with boiling Water and 
infuse for 1 hour, then pour off the liquid and reserve. Pour fresh boiling 
Water on the Bark and again infuse, and pour off as before, repeating the 
operation three times; mix the decoctions obtained, and evaporate to \ l / 2 
pint ; to this, when cool, add the Alcohol, and, after standing, filter. Add 1 
ounce of this to a gallon of Syrup to make it foam. Acid Syrups require a 
larger quantity. 

A still better Foam, because it is nearly tasteless, may be prepared from 
Soaproot, a species of California lily-bulb, using the same proportions and 
making in the same manner as the foregoing. 

3302. Fruit Acid. 

Citric Acid 4 ounces av. 

Hot Water 8 flounces. 

Dissolve the Acid in the Water. This is used for giving an acid or sour 
taste to Syrups, thereby making many of them more palatable. A more 
concentrated solution like 1927 is more desirable, but the formula here given 
is of the same strength as is generally prepared and used. _ The quantity to be 
used is usually stated in the formula, but may be regulated to suit the taste. 

3303. Fruit Juice Syrups. 

For making; Fruit Syrups from juices a-- prepared (302S) it is only neces- 
sary to mix the juices 1 part by measure with 5 parts by measure <>f Syrup 
(3300). If they are desired of Stronger flavor mix one part of Juice with 4 
parts of Syrup. 



850 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



Fruit Syrups may also be made from the freshly expressed juices by dis- 
solving in them all the Sugar they take when made by the cold process, 
which is about 14 pounds to each gallon of juice. 

Syrups made from Fruit Juices are infinitely superior to any which can be 
made from artificial extracts. 

The following Fruit Syrups may be made from Fenner's Fruit Juices in the 
manner above described, by mixing 1 measure of the Fruit Juice with 5 
measures of Syrup : 

Syrup Apricot, Syrup Mulberry, 

Syrup Banana, Syrup Orange, 

Syrup Blackberry, Syrup Peach, 

Syrup Cherry, Black, Syrup Pear, 

Syrup Cherry, Red, Syrup Pineapple, 

Syrup Currant, Red, Syrup Plum or Prune, 

Syrup Grape, Syrup Quince, 

Syrup Huckleberry. Syrup Raspberry, Black, 

Syrup Lemon, Syrup Raspberry, Red, 

Syrup Lime, Syrup Strawberry. 

3304. Ambrosia Syrup. 

Raspberry Juice 1 pint. 

Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 

Vanilla Extract, 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

This is a rich, finely-flavored Fruit Syrup. Other Fruit Juices besides 
those mentioned may be used. 

3305- Apple Syrup. 

Apple Essence (958) y z fl.ounce. 

Cider, sweet, 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid 14 fl.ounce. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

If sweet or bottled Cider is not readily at hand use 1 fl.ounce of the 
Essence of Apple, and omit it. 

3306. Apricot Syrup. 

Apricot Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 2 pints. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Apricot Essence (958) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid y z fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



851 



3307. Banana Syrup. 

Banana Juice 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid l / z fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Banana Essence (959) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid >£ fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

3308. Birch Beer Syrup. 

Birch Beer Extract (952) 3 fl.ounces. 

Fruit Acid J^ fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix and color with Caramel. 

3309. Ottawa Beer Syrup, from Ottawa Beer Extract (953). 

3310. Peruvian Beer Syrup, from Peruvian Beer Extract (954). 

331 1. Root Beer Syrup, from Root Beer Extract (955). 

3312. Spruce Beer Syrup, from Spruce Beer Extract (956). 

And others similar may be made in the same proportion and manner as Birch 
Beer Syrup. Unless the business in Soda Water is quite large, it is much the 
best way to have these in the form of Syrup as above, and draw the plain 
Soda Water upon them the same as any other syrups. 



3313. Blackberry Syrup. 

Blackberry Juice 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid X fl.ounce. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Blackberry Essence (960) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, >< fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

This may be colored with Caramel and Red Coloring. 

3314. Brandy Syrup. 

ic Essence % fl.ounce. 

I '.randy 2 pints. 

Fruit Acid 2 iLdrachm^ 

Syrup 6 pints. 

Mix them. 



852 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



Other Liquor Syrups may be prepared with other liquors in a similar man- 
ner, using the desired spirits and the essences of the kind required. Bour- 
bon and Rye Whisky, Rum, and other liquors are made into syrups in this 
way. They are usually sold under some fancy name. 

3315. Calamus Syrup. 

Calamus Essence (894) 2 fl.ounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3316. Calisaya Syrup. 

Sulphate of Quinine 10 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine 30 grains. 

Fruit Acid 2 fi. drachms. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Dissolve the salts in the Acid and 1 ounce of Water, and mix with the 
Syrup. Color red with Red Coloring. 

3317. Calisaya Phosphate Syrup. 

Fenner's Calisaya Phosphate 1 pint. 

Syrup 7 pints. 

Mix them. 

This is an excellent tonic, the valuable properties of Calisaya Bark being 
combined with Phosphates Compound. 



3318. Caraway Syrup. 

Caraway Essence (895), 2 fl.ounces. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3319. Catawba Syrup. 

Catawba Grape Juice 1 pint. 

Brandy }i pint. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Catawba Grape Essence (965) . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Fruit Acid 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Other varieties of Grape Syrup may be made in the same manner by using 
other grape juices. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 853 



3320. Champagne Syrup. 

Rhine Wine, 3 pints. 

Pear Essence (972) y 2 fl .ounce. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

3321. Cherry Syrup, Red or Black. 

Cherry Juice. Red or Black 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. Made from true Cherry Juice, these Syrups are excellent. 
Inferior Syrups may be made from the artificial extracts, as follows : 

Black or Red Cherry Essence (961 or 978) 1 flounce. 

Fruit Acid 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3322. Cherry Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938), 1 flounce. 

Cherry Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. This may be flavored stronger by adding % fl. ounce Cherry 
Essence (961.) It is a popular drink at the fountain. 

3323. Wild Cherry Syrup. 

Fluid Extract Wild Cherry 8 fl. ounces. " 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Or, 

Wild Cherry Essence (981) 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3324. Chocolate Syrup. 

lemur's Perfection Cream Chocolate 1 pint. 

Syrup 3 pints. 

Mix them. 

The Perfection Chocolate (ream mentioned is a liquid emulsion of Choco- 
late, made by grinding the finest Chocolate with Cum Syrups and Flavoring 
Extracts through a mill specially constru ted for the purpose. It mixes with 



854 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 

Syrup without separation, and can be drawn like any other Syrup from the 
fountain. To make it successfully requires expensive machinery. Ordinary 
Chocolate Syrup is made as follows : 

Chocolate, i cake or 8 ounces av. 

Vanilla Extract (940) 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup, 3^ pints. 

Liquefy the Chocolate by a water-bath and gradually add the Syrup, stir- 
ring them well together until all is added, strain through a wire sieve, and, 
when nearly cold, add the Vanilla, mixing them well together. As thus 
made the Syrup separates from the Chocolate after standing, and the mixture 
must be shaken before using. 

3325. Cinnamon Syrup. 

Cinnamon Essence (897), 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3326. Claret Syrup. 

Claret, 2 pints. 

Syrup, 4 pints. 

Mix them. 

3327. Coffee Syrup. 

Coffee Extract (932) 8 fl.ounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This Syrup depends upon the strength of the Coffee Extract 
used. It may be flavored to suit with any other good Extract of Coffee, or 
as follows : 

Java and Mocha Coffee, browned, each 4 ounces. 

Boiling Water, 4 pints. 

Make a decoction, strain and dissolve in the liquid 6 pounds of Sugar, and 
add Soda Foam 1 ounce. 



3328. Cognac Syrup. 

Cognac Essence (902,) 1 flounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This may be improved by the addition of half a pint of 
Brandy. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 855 

3329. Cream Syrup. 

Sweet Milk, fresh, 1 quart. 

Corn Starch, y z ounce av. 

Egg. l 

Sugar, 1 y 2 pound av. 

Vanilla Extract, 1 fl. ounce. 

Salicylic Acid, 5 grains. 

Mix the Corn Starch with an ounce of Water, beat up the Egg thoroughly 
and mix them, then heat the Milk with the mixture to make a custard. 
When it has thickened, take off and add the Sugar and Salicylic Acid. 
When cool add the Vanilla Extract. 

As thus prepared this Syrup will keep for some time, but it is advisable to 
make it fresh every morning for use during the day. This Syrup should not 
be kept in the syrup cans but in a bottle on the ice. 

Many do not make a Cream Syrup at all, but keep cream in a bottle handy, 
which is added to the other Syrups as desired. 

Cream Syrup is seldom drawn alone, but is mixed with other Syrups, as 
Chocolate, Coffee, Vanilla, Strawberry, and, in fact, nearly all others. Some 
druggists have the leading Syrups prepared already with cream, but it is not 
advisable except for a very large business, as the cream or Cream Syrup 
may readily be added to any other Syrup. 

3330. Curacoa Syrup. 

Curacoa Essence (904) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid y z fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This is similar to but of finer flavor than Orange. 

3331. Currant Syrup, Red or Black. 

Currant Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Currant Essence, Black or Red (962, 979) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3332. Don't Care Syrup. 

Most any Syrup may be drawn when " Don't Care" is wanted. The fol- 
lowing is a general favorite : 

Wintergreen Essence, 1 ounce. 

Vanilla Extract .... 2 ounces. 

Syrup i gallon. 

Mix them. 



856 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 

3333- E &g Nogg Syrup, or Milk Punch Syrup. 

Brandy, Jamaica Rum, each, 4 ounces. 

Fresh Cream 1 pint. 

or Milk 1 quart. 

Eggs 2 

Corn Starch 2 ounces. 

Extract Vanilla (940), 1 ounce. 

Syrup, 1 quart. 

Beat the Eggs and the Corn Starch, and add the Milk ; heat to a custard, 
stirring constantly ; when it thickens remove from the fire, cool, and add the 
Brandy, Rum, and Vanilla Flavoring. 

3334. Ginger Syrup. 

Soluble Extract of Ginger (943) 4 rl. ounces. 

Fruit Acid ]A. fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. Other Extracts of Ginger which are not " soluble " may be 
used, but they do not make so good preparations. 

3335- Ginger Ale Syrup. 

Ginger Ale Extract (944), 3 fl.ounces. 

Fruit Acid >£ fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This is the most convenient manner of drawing Ginger Ale, 
and gives as good satisfaction as when drawn from a separate fountain. 

3336. Grape Syrup. 

Grape Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

Mix them. Any kind of Grape Juice may be made up into a Syrup; half 
a pint of Brandy added improves the flavor. 
An inferier Syrup may be made with 

Grape Essence (965} 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, . . . . 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup, ... 1 gallon. 

3337. Grape Phosphate Syrup. 

Solution Phosphates Concentrated (938), .... \% fl.ounce. 

Grape Juice 1 % pint. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This is a very popular Syrup. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 857 

3338. Huckleberry Syrup. 

Huckleberry Juice, 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

Mix them. Blueberry Syrup, which is much the same, is made in the same 
manner. 

An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Blueberry Essence 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

3339- H oc k Syrup. 

Hock Wine 2 pints. 

Syrup 6 pints. 

Mix them. 

3340. Lemon Syrup. 

This is usually made with 

Lemon Essence (910) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid \}4. fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

If Lemon Juice is used for making the Syrup, take 

Lemon Juice, . * 1 pint. 

Lemon Essence (910) ^ fl.ounce. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

A clear Syrup of Lemon may be made by taking- 
Soluble Extract of Lemon (945) 3 fl. ounces. 

Fruit Acid, i}4. fl.ounce. 

or Lemon Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Lemon Syrup deteriorates rapidly, and the very best way to dispense it is 
to have a bottle of Lemon Essence, with a squirt top, a bottle of Lemon 
Juice, and plain Syrup ready at hand. The plain Syrup should be kept for 
this and other purposes in one of the Syrup cans. Draw the Syrup in the 
glass, add the Juice (some want it more acid than others), then the Essence, 
and draw the gaseous water upon it as usual. 

These same remarks apply also to Lime and Orange Syrups. 

3341. Lemon Phosphate Syrup. 

Solution Phosphates Concentrated O93S) 2 B.ounces. 

Lemon Essence (910) 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 



858 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



3342. Lime Fruit Syrup. 

Lime Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

This Syrup is strongly acid, which is as usually wanted when Lime Syrup 
is ordered. It may be flavored more, if desired, by adding l / 2 flounce Lime 
Essence (91 1 ). It is most convenient to have a bottle of Lime Juice handy, 
and add to plain Syrup when wanted, as directed for Lemon Syrup. 



3343. Lime Fruit Phosphate Syrup. 

Solution Phosphates Compound (1938) i fl. ounce. 

Lime Fruit Juice, 1 pint. 

Lime Essence (911), 1 flounce. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

3344. Mace or Nutmeg Syrup. 

Mace or Nutmeg Essence (91 1 or 914), i}4. fl. ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This makes a fine addition to some of the other Syrups, but is 
seldom used alone. 

3345. Malt Tonic Syrup. 

Liquid Malt Extract, 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

3346. Malt Hop Phosphate Syrup. 

Fenner's Malt Hop Phosphate, 1 pint. 

Syrup 7 pints. 

Mix them. This is an excellent tonic and restorative, and makes an attrac- 
tive drink at the fountain. 

3347- Maple Syrup. 

Maple Syrup, with Soda Foam added, or Maple Sugar, y/ 2 pounds. 

Water, 1 quart. 

Dissolve by heat and add Soda Foam. 

3348. Mulberry Syrup. 

Mulberry Juice • . . . . 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 859 

3349. Nectar Syrup. 

Vanilla Extract (939) 2 fl.ounces. 

Pineapple Juice, 1 pint. 

Raspberry Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

This may be made, also, as follows : 

Nectar Essence (968), 1 fi.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, yi fi.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

3350. Nectarine Syrup. 

Nectarine Essence (969), 1 fi.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, ]/ z fi.ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This may also be made from Nectarine Fruit Juice when it 
can be obtained, in the same manner as other Fruit Syrups. 

335 1 - Orange Syrup. 

Orange Essence (915) 1 fi.ounce. 

Fruit Acid %, fi.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

If Orange Juice is used for making the Syrup, take 

Orange Juice 1 pint. 

Orange Essence (915) ^"fi.ounce. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

It may be made, also, with 

Soluble Extract of Orange (948), 3 fl.ounces. 

Fruit Acid >£ fi.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

This Syrup deteriorates by standing, and may best be dispensed as 
directed after Lemon Syrup. 

3352. Orange Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938), .... 2 fl.ounces. 

Orange Essence (915) i l / 2 fi.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This is quite a popular beverage. 



SCO 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



3353. Maltese Orange Syrup. 

Red Orange of Malta Syrup — Blood Orange Syrup. 

< >range Essence (915), 1% fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid }4 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them, and color red with Cochineal Coloring. 

3354. Orange Flower Syrup. 

Orange Flower Water, 1 pint. 

Syrup, 4 pints. 

This is sometimes added to other Syrups but is seldom dispensed alone. 

3355. Orgeat Syrup. 

Orgeat Essence (970) 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

The plain Bitter Almond Syrup is frequently dispensed under this title. 

Bitter Almond Essence (893) 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

3356. Peach Syrup. 

Peach Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

An inferior Syrup may be made from 

Peach Essence (971) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid l / 2 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3357. Pear Syrup. 

Pear Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

A very good artificial Pear Syrup may be made with 

Pear Essence (972) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid % fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

3358. Pear Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) 2 fl.ounces. 

Pear Essence (972) 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This may also be made with Pear Juice 1 pint, Concentrated 
Solution Phosphates 1 ounce, Syrup 5 pints. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 861 

3359. Phosphate Syrups. 

A great variety of Phosphate Syrups may be made by combining Concen- 
trated Solution of Phosphates Compound (1938) with various Fruit Syrups, 
etc. The principal ones have been mentioned under the heading of the 
Syrup with which the combinations are made. The Phosphate Syrups are 
much in demand and take well wherever introduced. 

3360. Acid Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution of Phosphates (1938), ... 2 flounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

This may be flavored with any flavoring extract if desired, but for general 
use is best kept plain as an addition to other Syrups, with which it may be 
mixed equally. It can also be drawn and served with a dash of Lemon, 
Orange, or Lime Fruit Essence, as wanted. 

Another way, which is perhaps as good as any, is to mix i part of the 
Concentrated Solution with 4 parts of Water and add this from a "squirt " 
bottle to any desired Syrup to make the combination desired. This does 
away with the necessity of keeping a variety of Phosphate Syrups already 
made up. 

3361. Pineapple Syrup. 

Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid, . y z fl. ounce. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup of Pineapple may also be made with 

Pineapple Essence (973) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid % fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

3362. Pineapple Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) 1 fl.ounce. 

Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

3363. Plum or Prune Syrup. 

Plum or Prune Juice 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. 

An inferior Syrup may be made from 

Plum or Prune Essence (974 or 975) [fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid i fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 



862 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



3364. Quince Syrup. 

Quince Juice , . . 1 pint. 

Fruit Acid V* fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 5 P»nts. 

Mix them. 

A very good imitation of Quince may be made with 

Quince Essence, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fruit Acid • ^fl.ounce. 

Syrup I gallon. 

3365. Raspberry Syrup, Red or Black. 

Raspberry Juice, Red or Black 1 pint. 

Syrup 5 P ints - 

Mix them. The Red Raspberry Syrup is considered the finest flavor of 
any of the fruit syrups. Black Raspberry Syrup has a much different flavor 
and a very dark color. 

An inferior Syrup, imitating Raspberry, may be made with 

Raspberry Essence (977) 1 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup • 1 gallon. 

3366. Raspberry Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates (1938) I fl.ounce. 

Raspberry Juice, 1 pint. 

Syrup, 5 P ints - 

Mix them. This is one of the finest flavored Phosphate Syrups. 

3367. Rose Syrup. 

Rose Essence (920) 1 fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. Color light red with Red Coloring. 

3368. Sarsaparilla Syrup. 

Sarsaparilla Essence (923) i}4 fl.ounce. 

Fruit Acid, %. fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix, and color brown with Caramel. 

This Syrup is improved by adding 1 drachm of Glycyrrhizin in scales, dis- 
solved in a little water. A perfectly clear Syrup may be made with 

Soluble Extract Sarsaparilla (949) 3 fl. ounces 

Fruit Acid Yz fl.ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Color with Caramel. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 863 

3369. Sherbet Syrup. 

Vanilla Extract (940) 1 fl.ounce. 

Pineapple Juice 1 pint. 

Lemon Extract, Soluble (945) 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

This may also be mixed extemporaneously from the fountain by drawing 
equal parts of Vanilla, Pineapple, and Lemon or Orange Syrups. 
This may be made also with 

Sherbet Extract (935) 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

3370. Persian Sherbet. 

This is usually served by drawing into a glass sufficient Strawberry or 
Vanilla Syrup, then adding from " squirt " bottles a few drops each of 
Lemon Extract, Orange Extract, Fruit Acid, and drawing the water upon 
them, or, adding ice, drawing most full of water and shaking it with a 
shaker. Fancy sauce bottles for this purpose are supplied by dealers. The 
Fruit Acid will be white, the Lemon yellow, and the Orange should be col- 
ored a bright red. The manipulation of the drink is an attraction. 

3371. Strawberry Syrup. 

Strawberry Juice, 1 pint. 

Syrup, 5 pints. 

Mix them. As the color is usually deficient in Strawberry Juice to satisfy 
the popular taste, it may be colored slightly with Red Coloring, or by the 
addition of a little Raspberry Juice, which also improves its flavor. 
An inferior Syrup may be made with 

Strawberry Essence (980) 1 fl .ounce. 

Fruit Acid, % fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 1 gallon. 

With Red Coloring sufficient. 

3372. Strawberry Phosphate Syrup. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates 11938) 1 fl.ounce. 

Strawberry Juice I pint. 

Syrup 5 pints. 

Mix them. This is the least desirable of the Fruit Phosphate Syrups. 

3373. Tea Syrup. 

Green Tea, good quality 2 ounces av. 

Boiling Water 1 pint. 

Sugar 1 '4 pound av. 

Infuse the Tea in the boiling Water, strain, and add enough Water to make 
1 pint, then dissolve the Sugar in the liquid and add a little Soda Foam. 



864 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



3374. Vanilla Syrup. 

Vanilla Extract (940) i]/ z fl. ounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

Vanilla Syrup is one of the most popuhr soda-water syrups. It is com- 
bined with nearly all the other syrups, and drawn with cream is a great 
favorite. It is necessary that only a pure Vanilla Extract of fine flavor be 
used for making this Syrup. Inferior or mixed extracts will not draw custom. 

3375. Violet Syrup. 

Orris Extract (934) 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. This makes a fair imitation of Violet. A true Syrup of 
Violets may be made by gathering the violet flowers 'in their season, and 
macerating with Syrup. 

3376. Wine Syrups. 

Wine of any kind 2 pints. 

Syrup 3 pints. 

Mix them. 

3377. Wintergreen Syrup. 

Wintergreen Essence (927) \ l / 2 flounce. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

A perfectly clear Syrup may be made with 

Soluble Extract Wintergreen (951), 3 fl. ounces. 

Syrup 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

Other Soda Water Syrups, etc. 

The foregoing are the regular syrups dispensed at soda fountains, many of 
them being also useful for other purposes. Besides these, several other 
drinks are served in various ways in connection with the fountain. 

3378. Ice Cream Soda. 

This is prepared by drawing the desired Syrup into a glass, adding a large 
spoonful or more of Ice Cream without flavor, and drawing the gaseous 
Water upon it. A long-handled spoon is generally put in the glass with 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 865 



which to stir its contents and sip the beverage or eat the ice cream which 
rises to the surface; it is therefore frequently called " Spoon Soda." 

Any Syrup may be combined in this manner with the Ice Cream, and if 
properly served it is very nice. The Ice Cream should be liberally used. 

3379. Milk Shake. 

This has become very popular, special apparatus being provided for shak- 
ing it. Ice is first shaved into a tumbler, milk is poured upon it until nearly 
full, it is then transferred to the shaker, agitated, and then poured back into 
the glass. The milk may be mixed with a small quantity of any flavored 
syrup if desired, but is generally preferred without sweetening or flavor. In 
absence of the patent shakers it may be shaken in the ordinary hand shaker 
usually at hand. A little soda water may be drawn into it to give it 
"sparkle." 

3380. Milk Punch Shake. 

This may be made by shaving ice in a glass, adding the usual quantity of 
Vanilla or other flavored Syrup, drawing part full of Soda Water, then nearly 
filling with milk and adding, if desired, a little liquor — Brandy, Rum, 
Whisky, or Wine — then shaking on the patent shaker or with the hand 
shaker as directed above. Without the liquor, this may be dispensed as 
Temperance Punch. An egg added is a great improvement. 

3381. Fruit Juice Shakes. 

Shake drinks may be made with any of the Fruit Juices, as follows. They 
are similar to lemonade or other ades, and give excellent satisfaction. Plenty 
of ice should be used : 

Any Fruit Juice 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup of the same kind 2 fl. ounces. 

Shave ice in the tumbler and draw "solid" with Soda Water, transfer to 
the shaker and shake, or shake with hand shaker. 

A dash of Lemon Essence, Orange Essence, or Lime Fruit Essence, added 
to Lemon, Orange, or Lime Fruit Shakes adds to their flavor and makes an 
attraction. By squeezing the juice from fresh fruit into the glass the attrac- 
tiveness of the drink is much increased. 

3382. Cobbler Shakes. 

These are made by mixing in a small, thin glass, 

Wine, any kind 2 ounces. 

Lime or Lemon Juice }& ounce. 

Lemon Syrup 2 ounces. 

Shaving ice in the glass, drawing solid with Soda Water, and shaking as 
before dire< ted. 



866 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 

3383. Cocktail Shakes. 

These are made by adding to ice shaven in a glass, Brandy, Rum, Whisky, 
or Gin about 1 y 2 ounce, Lime, Lemon, or Orange Juice yi ounce, Syrup 1 
ounce, a dash of Stoughton Bitters, and then enough Soda Water to fill a 
small glass, and shaking as directed. 

3384. Egg Phosphate Shake. 

Shave ice in a glass, add Lemon or other Fruit Syrup 2 ounces, a dash of 
Lemon Essence, the contents of 1 Egg, a dash of Acid Phosphate enough to 
make sour, draw Soda Water in the glass to nearly fill, and then shake as 
directed. 

Other similar drinks with Egg may be prepared in the same way. 

3385. Nerve Foods and Tonics. 

Nerve Foods and Nerve Tonics have become very popular beverages at 
the soda fountain. "Acid Phosphate " is extensively used, the original 
" Horsfords" being used by many druggists, but most of them making or 
buying in bulk a concentrated solution of Phosphates Compound, which may 
be diluted or made into a syrup as directed. 

" Malto " is an acid beverage, used as a Nerve Tonic like Acid Phosphate. 
It is put up in bottles, sweetened and charged with gas, making a sparkling 
acid drink. A " Malto Syrup " is also made, which is to be diluted with 4 
parts of Syrup and drawn from the fountain as any other syrup. The " Acid 
Phosphate Syrup " will answer the same purpose as this. 

" Moxie " Nerve Food is an entirely different preparation. The proprie- 
tary " Moxie " has had a large sale. A similar preparation for use at the 
fountain may be prepared and drawn as a syrup like any other syrup, as 
follows : 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound 6 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Gentian Compound 1 fl. ounce. 

Sarsaparilla Extract, Soluble (949) 3 fl. ounces. 

Concentrated Solution Phosphates, 2 fl. drachms. 

Syrup, to make 1 gallon. 

Mix them. 

For Mead, Ginger Ale, etc., see pages 422 to 427. 

Hot Soda Syrups. 

It is unnecessary to state that the so-called " Hot Soda Water," unlike the 
cold soda water, contains no gas, but the force is obtained from force of 
water, and heated in an apparatus specially designed for it. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. 867 

But comparatively few druggists who have fountains run hot soda water, 
as the demand is not sufficiently large to pay except in central locations in 
large towns. 

The syrups and drinks which are generally supplied are as follows : 

3386. Chocolate Syrup. 

Fenner's Perfection Cream Chocolate. 

This is kept hot in a tank or bottle from which it can be drawn. A suffi- 
cient quantity, say 2 ounces, is poured or drawn in a cup, and the Hot Water 
drawn upon it. Milk or Cream is usually added before drawing the Water. 

Chocolate Syrup may also be made by melting on a water-bath Chocolate 
1 pound, Vanilla Chocolate Yz pound together, and adding Hot Syrup 3 
quarts, mixing them well together. 

3387. Coffee Syrup. 

Coffee Extract (932), 1 pint. 

Syrup 3 pints. 

Keep this hot in a tank or bottle. It may be served with Cream or hot 
Milk added, or plain, drawing about 2 ounces of the Syrup in a cup and then 
drawing the hot W T ater upon it. 

3388. Beef Tea Extract. 

Extract of Beef, Liebig's 4 ounces. 

Black Pepper, y 2 ounce. 

Hot Water 1 pint. 

Infuse the Pepper with the Water for half an hour and strain, then mix 
the Beef Extract with the liquid. 

To make Beef Tea pour a tablespoonful of this into a cup, add a little salt 
and draw hot Water upon it. 

3389. Hot Lemonade. 

Lemon Juice, 1 ounce. 

Syrup, 1 ounce. 

Mix in a cup with a dash of Lemon Essence and draw hot Water upon it. 
A little liquor — Whisky, Brandy, or Rum — is sometimes added. Lime 
Juice may be used instead of Lemon. 

3390. Hot Egg Phosphate. 

This is a shake drink, made by drawing Lemon Syrup, 2 ounces, in a glass, 
adding 1 Egg and a dash of Acid Phosphate, shake well together, and draw 
hot Water sufficient to make a glass of the beverage. The Water should not 
be too hot for this purpose. 

/ 



868 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



Mineral Waters. 

It is most convenient to keep Solutions made up for the various artificial 
Mineral Waters ; they can then be mixed at once with the water in the foun- 
tain, and charged. 

These Solutions are so designed that they represent one gallon of the 
Mineral Water in 4 ounces of the Solution. Hence, to make any Mineral 
Water for each gallon required, take of the 

Solution 4 ounces. 

Water 1 gallon. 

Mix in a fountain, and charge with Carbonic Acid Gas to 60 or 80 pounds. 

All of the Solutions do not make up clear, and some of them do not 
remain clear after they are made ; but it is only necessary to shake them 
before using, as the Carbonic Acid, when charged, dissolves all the sediment. 

Keep the Solutions in dark-colored, half-gallon bottles or demijohns, in a 
cool, dark place. Do not forget to shake them thoroughly just before using. 

3391. Apollinaris Water Solution. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium 3 ounces. 

Fine Dairy Salt 3 ounces. 

Glauber's Salt (Sulphate of Sodium) 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

Mix them, rubbing the Magnesium salt first through a sieve. Use 4 ounces 
of the mixture for each gallon of the Water desired, and charge as directed. 

3392. Carlsbad Water Solution. 

Sulphate of Sodium (Soda), 160 grains. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 40 grains. 

Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 20 grains. 

Fine Dairy Salt 20 grains. 

Chloride of Calcium 20 grains. 

Tartrate of Iron and Potassium, 2 grains. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

3393. Congress Water Solution. 

Fine Dairy Salt 1 pound. 

Caustic Soda 46 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium 40 grains. 

Calcined Magnesium, 2 ounces. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS 



3394. Friedrichshall Water Solution. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium 1 % ounce. 

Sulphate of Soda (Glauber's Salt) 2 ounces. 

Sulphate of Potassium, J<< ounce. 

Fine Dairy Salt, 1 pound. 

Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 2 pounds. 

Chloride of Calcium 1 ]/ 2 ounce. 

Water, sufficient to make 4 pints. 

Mix them. Use 4 ounces of the mixture for each gallon of W 7 ater desired. 
Only a small portion of the salts are dissolved ; it must be well shaken. 

3395. Hunyadi Janos Water. 

Epsom Salts 28 ounces. 

Glauber's Salt, 23 ounces. 

Fine Dairy Salt, 2 ounces. 

Sulphate of Potassium, 1 drachm. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, y 2 ounce. 

Sulphite of Lime, , \]/ 2 ounce. 

Water, to make 10 gallons. 

This Water is so strong of the Salts that it is not expedient to make a 
solution, as in the other W T aters. 

3396. Kissengen Water Solution. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 drachms. 

Fine Dairy Salt, 1 pound. 

Muriate of Ammonia 8 grains. 

Sulphate of Sodium 320 grains. 

Epsom Salts 4 ounces. 

Phosphate of Sodium, 26 grains. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 1 ounce. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium through a sieve before adding it to the 
Solution. 

3397. Magnesian Aperient or Citrate of Magnesium 

Solution. 

Citric Acid 8 ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium 8 ounces. 

Essence Lemon (945) 4 ounces. 

Dissolve the Citric Acid in 2 pints of hot Water, and add the Carbonate of 
Magnesium, previously rubbed through a sieve. This does not all dissolve. 



870 SODA WATER SYRUPS. 



When effervescence has ceased, add the Essence Lemon, and make up the 
measure with Water to 4 pints. Use 1 pint of this Solution to each gallon 
of Water before charging. 

This makes an agreeable effective Citrate of Magnesia. 

3398. Pullna Water Solution. 

Sulphate of Sodium \% ounces. 

Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 2^ ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium 40 grains. 

Chloride of Calcium, 1 drachm. 

Chloride of Magnesium 1 drachm. 

Fine Dairy Salt, 1 drachm. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

3399. Pyrmont Water Solution. 

Sulphate of Sodium 40 grains. 

Epsom Salts, . 40 grains. 

Chloride of Magnesium, 26 grains. 

Chloride of Calcium, 100 grains. 

Carbonate of Sodium 180 grains. 

Sulphate of Iron 10 grains. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

3400. Seltzer Water Solution. 

Chloride of Calcium, 1 ounce. 

Chloride of Magnesium, 3 ounces. 

Fine Dairy Salt 1 ounce. 

Carbonate of Sodium 4 ounces. 

Phosphate of Sodium 140 grains. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron 30 grains. 

Sulphate of Sodium, 1 % ounces. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 

Dissolve the Iron in a portion of the Water, mix the other Salts with the 
rest of the Water, and mix the solutions. 

3401. Spa Water Solution. 

Carbonate of Sodium 20 grains. 

Chloride of Calcium 10 grains. 

Epsom Salts, 20 grains. 

Sulphate of Iron 6 grains. 

Water, enough to make .... 4 pints. 



SODA WATER SYRUPS. TABELL.E — TABLETS. 871 



3402. Vichy Water Solution. 

Sulphate of Potassium 360 grains. 

Sulphate of Sodium 160 grains. 

Phosphate of Sodium 50 grains. 

Fine Dairy Salt, 1 x / 2 ounces. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium ioj4 ounces. 

Carbonate of Ammonia 20 grains. 

Water, enough to make 4 pints. 



3403. Zoedone. 

This is a proprietary drink, containing Iron and Mineral Phosphates in 
solution. An imitation may be made as follows : 

Solution Phosphate of Calcium 10 flounces. 

Phosphate of Iron (1880 scale salt), 1 ounce. 

Phosphate of Potassium, %. ounce. 

Phosphate of Sodium 40 grains. 

Orange Flower Water, 1 pint. 

Orange Essence, Soluble (948) 3 rl. ounces. 

Syrup \% gallon. 

Water, sufficient to make 10 gallons. 

Mix, and charge in a fountain or bottle. 

Directions for other drinks which are charged in fountains will be found 
under the Extracts from which they are prepared. See pages 421 to 428. 



TABELL^ — TABLETS. 

This title is applied rather indefinitely to a variety of prep- 
arations, either cut, moulded, or pressed into desired shape 
and size. Many preparations thus made are also called 
Troches or Lozenges, which see. The only official Tablets are 
Tabellaj Nitroglycerin! of the Br. P. 

3404. Tabellae Nitroglycerini. 

Tablets of Nitroglycerini. 

Tablets of Chocolate, each weighing 2^ grains and containing ,,',„ grain 
<>f purr Nitroglycerine. The dose is 1 or 2 tablets. 



872 TABELL/E — TABLETS. 

3405. Compressed Tablets. 

These are made by compressing the dry medicinal substances, either alone 
or mixed with powdered Sugar, into round, flattened, convex Tablets or Loz- 
enges. This may be done by a small, hand tablet or pill compressor. Power 
machines are also made for this purpose, but as they are very expensive they 
are used only by large manufacturers. 

The Tablets as thus prepared are called by various names. Those corre- 
sponding to the formulas of well-known pills are called Compressed Pills or 
Powders. The small Tablets of Sodium, Ammonium, and Potassium salts, 
and some others, which are made without addition of sugar, are called Com- 
pressed Tablets. Those containing a small but definite quantity of active 
medicine, intended to be dissolved for hypodermic use, are called Hypoder- 
mic Tablets. 

The larger ones, in which the medicinal agent is mixed with sugar or other 
dilutent, are called Compressed Lozenges or Troches. 

And still another class of very small Tablets, which are made by triturating 
active medicinal agents with some dilutent (as powdered sugar), and which 
are intended to insure accuracy of dose, are called Compressed Triturates. 

As all of these are usually made by manufacturers who have machinery 
adapted for the business, it is unnecessary to give formulas for them. They 
are furnished in great variety by John Weyth & Brother, Philadelphia, who 
were the first to introduce compressed pills, etc., to the trade. 

Ordinary Lozenges are made by mixing confectioners' Sugar with more or 
less powdered Tragacanth or other adhesive gum, adding medicinal or flavor- 
ing ingredients as desired, and making into a mass with water. The mass is 
then rolled out and the Lozenges cut in various shapes as desired, and dried 
in a current of warm air. 

3406. Fruit Tablets or Lozenges. 

These are supplied by the confectioners in great variety and of various 
shapes and sizes, being generally moulded convex, oval, or nearly round, or 
cut in squares. To make first-class Fruit Tablets, the Fruit Juices must be 
added to melted Rock Candy and the mixture boiled until it is of proper 
temper. It is then run into or through properly-constructed moulds, such as 
are used by confectioners, or run into pans and cut into square Tablets. 

When made with ordinary sugar, Tablets soon become soft and discolored. 
It is therefore necessary to use Rock Candy as the basis of the Tablets, Fruit 
Juice being added sufficient to flavor and color them. Flavoring Extracts 
are also added just before running in the moulds. Many other Tablets 
besides those made with Fruit Juices are made in the same manner, Cough 
Tablets particularly having a large sale. These usually contain some opiate 
in small quantities, strongly flavored with Oil of Anise or Paregoric, and col- 
ored black, brown, or red with Elderberry Juice, Caramel, or Cochineal 
coloring. 

For other Tablets, Troches, or Lozenges, see Troches. 



TANNIN OR TANNIC ACID. 873 



3407. TANNIN OR TANNIC ACID. 
Acidum Tannicum. 

Ci4 H lo0 9 - 

This may be prepared from Nutgalls, in fine powder, by first 
exposing it to a moist atmosphere for 24 hours, then mixing it 
with sufficient washed Ether to form a soft paste. This is set 
aside, closely covered, for 6 hours, then enclosed in a strong 
canvas bag and quickly expressed with power between tinned 
iron plates, in order to obtain the liquid portion, which is 
reserved. The cake is then broken up and again treated in 
the same manner. The liquids are then mixed and allowed to 
evaporate spontaneously to a syrupy consistence, then spread 
upon glass plates and quickly dried. This process is too 
expensive to be employed commercially. Tannic Acid is an 
abundant constituent of plants, being found in nearly all 
barks, leaves, and roots, usually associated with glucosides. 
Tannin that is employed medicinally is obtained from Nut- 
galls, but for industrial purposes the Solutions of Tannin 
obtained from Hemlock, Oak, and other barks are extensively 
used for tanning, converting the gelatin of hides into insoluble 
tannate of gelatin. This combination is made advantageous 
in making many elixirs and other medicinal preparations from 
substances containing Tannin, as by the addition of Gelatin or 
Albumen it is removed, leaving them free to combine with 
Iron or other salts, which would otherwise be precipitated or 
discolored if not removed. 

Chemically, Tannin is now considered an Anhydride of Gallic 
Acid. In medicine, Tannin is used as an astringent, both 
internally and externally. The dose is 3 to 10 grains. 

3408. Gallic Acid — Acidum Gallicum — HC 7 H 5 O fl .H 2 0. — This is pre- 
pared from Nutgalls by mixing the powder with Water to form a thin paste 
and exposing the mixture in a shallow dish for one month to a warm atmos- 
phere, stirring occasionally, with addition of Water. The mass is then 
expressed and the liquid rejected, the cake being then boiled with Water and 
tin- solution altered through animal charcoal. The liquid is then concentrated 
and set aside for crystals to form. Gallic Acid is used in medicine as an 
astringent, in doses of 5 to 15 grains. 

3409. Pyrogallic Acid — Acidum Pyrogallicum — C 6 H fi () a . — This is 
prepared by subliming ( )allic Acid. It is used in making hair dye and in 
some photographic operations. 



874 TELLURIUM. THALLIUM. THERIACA. 

TELLURIUM. 

Symbol, Te ; Atomic weight, 128. 

This is an elementary substance, classed with the non- 
metals. It is found only in small quantities associated with 
bismuth, gold, silver, and lead, chiefly in the gold mines of 
Transylvania. It is a grayish-white substance resembling bis- 
muth, and having, when decomposed, like arsenic, the odor of 
garlic. 

With Oxygen it forms two Oxides, Te0 2 Tellurium Dioxide 
and TeO s Tellurium Trioxide, which, uniting with the ele- 
ments of Water, form Tcllurous Acid, H 2 Te0 3 , and Telluric 
Acid, H 2 Te0 4 . It also forms, with Hydrogen, a gaseous 
compound, Telluretted Hydrogen, H 2 Te, similar in character- 
istics to Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 

The Acids of Tellurium form salts with bases, but they 
have no practical use in pharmacy or medicine. 



THALLIUM. 

Symbol, Tl ; Atomic weight, 203.7; Sp. gr., n.8. 

This is an elementary metal, discovered by Crooks, in 1861, 
similar in characteristics to mercury, silver, and lead. It is 
found in iron and copper pyrites and native sulphur. It is not 
employed in pharmacy or medicine. 



3410. THERIACA. Br. 

Treacle. 

The uncrystallized residue of the refining of Sugar, or what 
is known in this country as " Golden Syrup," is official in the 
Br. P. under the above title. In ancient pharmacy a variety 
of confections or electuaries were known by this name and 
employed as antidotes to infections or poisons. They were 



TINCTORA — DYES. 875 



composed of a great number of ingredients, the Theriaca 
AndromacJii of the Ph. L., 1746, containing over 60 substan- 
ces, with 1 grain of Opium in 75. The Electnaire Thc'riaque 
or Theriaca of the Paris codex contains 72 ingredients, with 1 
grain of Opium in 72 grains. Confectio Damocratus, Mithri- 
date, Philonium Romanum, the Opiate of Soloman (see, also, 
464), and some others are compounds of a great number of 
aromatics, similar to the Therique of the Paris codex, but are 
now unused, ordinary molasses, syrup, or honey being used 
when Theriaca or Treacle is directed. 



TINCTORA — DYES. 

Since the introduction of Aniline Dyes, put up in packages 
for coloring, the sale of other dyes, which was once quite a 
feature of the drug business, has much decreased, but there is 
still considerable demand for coloring substances aside from 
the package Dyes. The principal substances used for this 
purpose are therefore mentioned and a few recipes for coloring 
given. 

3411. Alizarin — C 10 H O 3 .2H 3 O. — This preparation, which is also 
called Lazaric Acid or Madder Red, was formerly obtained from Madder 
by exhausting it with boiling Water, precipitating with Sulphuric Acid, wash- 
ing the precipitate and, while moist, boiling it with a concentrated Solution of 
Hydrate of Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid, then mixing the solution with 
Hydrochloric Acid, when red flakes of impure Alizarin are deposited. This 
is then purified, recrystallized, etc. 

It is now artificially prepared from a coal tar product called Anthracen, 
by several complicated processes, and the cultivation of the Madder plant, 
Rubia Tinctorum, which was once a very important industry, has very much 
decreased. 

The Madder colors, of which Alizarin is the most important, are exten- 
sively used for dyeing calicoes, which are familiarly known as Madder prints. 
Turkey Red is one of the most brilliant colors produced with this substance, 
but by combining it with other colors a great variety of colors are produced. 

3412. Annato — . Xrnatto or Oreflana.— This is a coloring matter obtained 
from outer pellicle of the seeds of Bt'xa ( irellana, by macerating the crushed 
seeds or seed pods in Water for several weeks and collecting the pulpy mass. 
purifying and concentrating to a stiff extract by evaporation. This is used 



876 TINCTORA — DYES. 



for coloring orange or yellow, nankeen being a familiar color produced by it. 
It is also extensively employed for coloring butter, cheese, etc. 
Annattoine is the principal coloring matter of Annatto. 

3413. Archil— Orchil. — This is a violet-red, purple, or blue coloring 
matter obtained from several species of lichens, the finest being from Roc- 
cella Tinctoria. As found in the market it is a liquid paste, which is 
either blue or red or violet color, as it contains more or less alkali or acid. It 
is of the same nature and derived from a similar source as Cudbear and 
Litmus, all being prepared from lichens collected on rocks near the sea, 
which are ground into a pulp with Water, Ammoniacal liquors added, and, 
after standing for some time, the dissolved coloring matter expressed, filtered, 
precipitated with Tin Solution, purified, redissolved, etc. 

Cudbear is Archil paste, made by grinding the weeds and treating with 
Ammonia, dried and ground, and usually much adulterated with salt or other 
inert substance. 

Litmus is- blue Archil mixed with some inert substance, as chalk, or boiled 
with the pith of some plants which absorb the coloring matter. The former 
is in the form of a cake and the latter in the form of small flattened cubes, 
in which shape the absorbing substance is cut before saturating with the 
Archil solution. Solution of Litmus is used as a test for acids, etc. (See 
page 231.) Archil, Cudbear, and Litmus are used for coloring purple, violet, 
red, and blue. 

3414. Carmine. — This is an important coloring matter, obtained from 
Cochineal, Coccus Cacti, by precipitating its decoction with various acid salts, 
or by other treatment, which is employed by experienced workmen. It is 
soluble in Ammonia and alkaline solutions. It is chiefly employed as a pig- 
ment in solution as Liqtiid Rouge, Carmine Lnk, etc., but Cochineal, from 
which it is derived, is extensively used for dyeing, yielding the finest scarlet 
red, which is durable and permanent. 

3415. Carthamin — C 14 H 16 7 — Pure Rouge. — This is the red coloring 
matter obtained from Safflower, Carthamus Tinctorius, by treating it repeat- 
edly with a weak solution of Carbonate of Sodium and then precipitating the 
coloring matter with excess of Citric or Acetic Acid. The Safflower Car- 
mine precipitated is then collected, washed, and dried. 

Pink Saucers, which are a well-known article in the toilet trade, are made 
by covering the inside of white saucers with Carthamin. 

Rouge, which is sold as a toilet requisite, is Carthamin, either alone or pre- 
pared in the form of a paste or powder, with other substances. 

Safflower is also used for coloring orange. 

3416. Indigo.— A blue dyestuff, extracted from different species of Indi- 
go/era, by immersing them in Water and allowing to ferment. The Chro- 
mogene contained in the plants is first dissolved, then by the action of the air 
becomes oxidized, precipitating an insoluble coloring matter, which is col- 
lected, pressed, and dried, and is known as Indigo. It contains a variety of 



TIXCTORA — DYES. 877 



principles, the most important of which is Indigotin or Indigo-blue, which is 
present to the extent of 50 to 60 per cent. Indigo is extensively used in dye- 
ing blue and for blueing clothes. 

3417. Indigo Sulphate or Soluble Indigo. — This is prepared by gradu- 
ally adding 1 part of best powdered Indigo to 5 parts of Nordhausen Sul- 
phuric Acid or 8 parts of Commercial Sulphuric Acid, keeping the mixture 
cooled by immersing in cold water until combined, then heating for 10 or 12 
hours. After standing a few days it becomes a dark pasty mass, which is 
known by the above names; also called Chemic Blue, Indigo Compound, 
Extract of Indigo, Indigo Paste, etc. 

This is used for dyeing, for making some kinds of liquid blueing, etc. 

3418. Lac Dye. — In the preparation of Shellac from stick-lac or seed-lac, 
it is boiled with Water, which dissolves the red coloring matter of the insect 
which produces it. This is precipitated by Alum and is called Lac Dye. It 
is used for coloring red and purple. 

3419. Extracts Used for Dyeing.— Many Extracts of Woods and other 
substances are now used for dyeing where formerly the substances them- 
selves were employed. This arises from the greater convenience of employ- 
ing concentrated preparations, decreased cost of transportation, superior 
facilities for extracting, etc. 

Catechu, also called Cutch and Terra faponica, is a native Extract pre- 
pared from the dark or heart-wood of Acacia Catechu. For small retail 
trade the purified Catechu, put up in boxes, is now generally sold. Extract 
of Logwood &nd Extract of Fustic, put up in a like manner, are also much 
sold in a retail way for domestic coloring. Extracts of other woods or like 
coloring substances are not generally sold by druggists, but are extensively 
prepared and used by dyers, the process being to percolate the ground 
woods, etc., with boiling water to exhaust them of their soluble coloring, then 
evaporate them to the proper consistence. 

Many woods, flowers, barks, roots, and other natural, vegetable, and chem- 
ical substances are used for coloring, but it is unnecessary to mention them 
here. 

Recipes for Coloring. 

To give intelligent recipes for dyeing different kinds of fabrics in different 
ways would fill a volume, and it is impossible, in this limited sketch, to give 
even an outline of the recipes and processes used ; but for convenience of 
druggists, who are often called upon for information in this line, a few only 
of the simple recipes used for domestic dyeing or coloring are given. The 
quantities directed arc for 1 pound of goods. A larger quantity requires less 
in proportion. 

3420. Black— For Woolen Goods. — Extract of Logwood 2 ounces, Blue 
Vitriol 1 ounce. Dissolve them separately in hot rain or soft Water about 1 
gallon. Dip the goods first in the solution of Blue Vitriol and. after a few 



878 TINCTORA — DYES. 



moments, take out, drain, and add the solution of Blue Vitriol to the solution 
of Logwood Extract, then add the goods and keep the dye at a scalding heat 
for twenty minutes, working the goods occasionally, then take out, drain, and 
set the color by dipping in a hot bath of 3 gallons of Water in which a tea- 
cupful of salt is dissolved. Let the goods remain in the bath until cold. 

For Silk Goods, dye in the same manner, but to set the color dip in boil- 
ing soap suds instead of the salt solution. 

For Cotton Goods, boil the goods with the dye, with constant stirring, and 
set the color the same as for woolen goods. 

This is the ordinary Logwood-Black dye. One pound of Logwood chips 
may be used instead of the extract. Other blacks may be used, but this is 
the best for domestic dyeing. 

3421. Blue — For Woolen Goods. — Alum 2)4 ounces, Cream Tartar 1^ 
ounce. Dissolve in 1 gallon of Water and boil the goods for 1 hour in the 
solution, then dip them into a mixture of Indigo Sulphate (3415) and Water, 
using sufficient of the Indigo preparation to get the desired shade of blue. A 
larger quantity, say \ l / z ounce, making a dark blue ; less quantity a light blue. 

For Silk Goods, the same dye as for woolen may be used, but finer shades 
of color are produced with the Aniline dyes. 

For Cotton Goods. Prussian Blue, in powder, 1 ounce, Oxalic Acid ]/ 2 
ounce. Dissolve them in just sufficient Water to cover the goods, and dip 
the goods in the dye, working it well in by hand until well colored, then wring 
out and dip in Alum Water to set the color. 

This dye is also made by dissolving Prussiate of Potassium 1 ounce, Cop- 
peras (Sulphate of Iron) 1 ounce, each separately, in boiling Water, mixing 
the solutions, adding l / 2 ounce Sulphuric Acid, dipping the goods in the dye 
and setting the color with Alum Water. 

3422. Brown — For Cotton, Wool, or Silk. — Catechu 4 ounces, Bichro- 
mate of Potassium 1 ounce, each dissolved separately in sufficient Water to 
dip the goods. Boil the goods first in the solution of Catechu, then dip in 
the solution of the Potash salt. A great variety of Browns may be made 
with Catechu by adding Copperas, Blue Vitriol, Acetate of Lead, etc. This 
dye is used for dyeing carpet work and for dark browns on wool and silk. 
For fine browns for silk Aniline dyes are generally used. 

3423. Green — For Woolen Goods, first color yellow with y/ z ounces 
Alum and 1 pound of Fustic Wood, or 2 ounces Extract of Fustic, steeped in 
hot Water enough to cover the goods. When a good yellow is obtained by 
this dye, strain the liquid from the chips (if Fustic chips are used) and add 
Indigo Compound to the liquid sufficient to make the desired color, rub the 
goods well with the dye and rinse in Alum Water. 

For Silk Goods, color in the same way and set the color with hot soap- 
suds. 

For Cotton Goods, first color blue as directed (3421), then dip in the yellow 
(3430) until a fine green is obtained. 



TIXCTORA — DYES. 879 



3424. Maroon. — Cudbear 2 ounces, steeped in Water sufficient to cover 
the goods, Alum 4 ounces, dissolved in 1 gallon hot Water. Dip the goods 
in the Alum Water, then in the Cudbear Solution. If a deep color is desired 
dip in a solution of 1 ounce Bichromate of Potash in half a gallon of hot 
Water. This colors nicely on woolen goods but not very well on cotton. 
For silk the finer Aniline dyes are generally used. 

3425. Orange — For Woolen Goods. — Quercitron Bark 4 ounces, Lac Dye 
\Yz ounce. Soak them in hot Water and add Madder Compound \y 2 ounce, 
boil for 10 minutes, then put in the goods and boil for half an hour. By 
combining yellows and reds a variety of orange shades, ranging from yellow 
to reddish may be made. 

For Cotton Goods. — Dissolve Sugar of Lead, 2 ounces, in sufficient hot 
soft Water to well cover the goods ; dissolve Bichromate of Potash, 1 ounce, 
in Water enough to cover, then dip the goods first in the Lead Water, then 
in the solution of Bichromate of Potash. This makes a yellow color, which 
is changed to orange by dipping the goods carefully in a clear, weak solution 
of Lime (Lime Water), then rinsing in clear Water. 

3426. Salmon or Nankeen — For Cotton or Woolen Goods. — Annatto 1 
ounce, dissolve in sufficient hot Water to cover the goods, add sufficient Soft 
Soap to make a suds and boil the solution for 10 minutes, then add the goods 
and keep at a scalding heat for half an hour, then remove and rinse in cold 
soft Water. 

3427. Red, Madder — For Woolen Goods. — Madder, best quality, % 
pound, soak over night in a copper or brass kettle, then add 1 ounce Madder 
Compound. After standing a little while add the goods and bring slowly to 
a scalding heat. Leave in the dye until the desired shade of color is pro- 
duced, then rinse in clear Water. It is necessary for the goods to remain 
some time in the dye to obtain a fine color. This makes a deep-red color but 
bright. 

Cochineal Scarlet, for silk or woolen. Cochineal, in fine powder, 1 ounce, 
Cream of Tartar 1 ounce, Madder Compound 2 ounces, Water sufficient to 
cover the goods. Put the Cream Tartar in the Water, boil for a few moments, 
add the Cochineal and then the Madder Compound, boil for 5 minutes, then 
add the goods and boil together for about an hour or until a bright scarlet 
color is obtained, then rinse thoroughly in clear Water. This is the brightest 
and most durable red. The Aniline reds are very fine but discharge their 
color when washed. 

Fine reds cannot be made on cotton except by experienced dyers. Turkey 
Red is made from Madder but requires peculiar manipulation. A fair red 
for cotton may be made by steeping Camwood in Water and adding Muriate 
of Tin. 

Pink may be made by diluting the Cochineal Dye with Water to obtain 
ired shade. Eosin, an Aniline dye, makes a fine pink. Strong 
solution of Kosin is used for red ink. making the most brilliant red ink 
known. 



880 TINCTORA — DYES. TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

3428. Purple. — A common purple may be made by first dyeing blue as 
directed (3419), then dipping in Cudbear or Madder Red Dye, but finer shades 
are made with Aniline dyes. 

3429. Violet. — On silk and woolen goods, good violet colors may be made 
by first coloring with red and then with blue. A Logwood violet is also made 
by adding acid freely to Logwood Lye. 

Fine violets are obtained from Aniline dyes. 

3430. Yellow — For Woolen Goods. — Alum 2 ounces. Madder Compound 
1 ounce. Fustic 8 ounces or Extract of Fustic 1 ounce. Dissolve the Alum in 
a small quantity of hot Water and add the Madder Compound, boil the Fustic 
1 hour in a sufficient quantity of Water, strain the liquor from the chips and 
add the solution of Alum, etc. Boil together a few minutes and then put 
in the goods and boil for one hour, then rinse. 

For Cotton Goods. — Sugar of Lead 2 ounces, Bichromate of Potash 1 
ounce. Dissolve the Sugar of Lead in sufficient hot rain Water as will cover 
the goods, and the Bichromate in sufficient cold Water. Dip the goods first 
in the Lead Water, then in the solution of Bichromate until the color is 
satisfactory. 

The foregoing include most of the colors which are generally used for 
domestic dyeing, except the Aniline package dyes, which are now exten- 
sively used for small work, and of which there is a great variety. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

Tinctures are solutions of medicinal substances in an Alco- 
holic or Hydro-alcoholic menstruum, differing from spirits 
chiefly in being prepared from non-volatile substances. 

They are the most used of any class of official preparations, 
and it is highly important that they should be well made, of 
the best material, and up to the highest standard of strength. 

The directions for making Tinctures in the U. S. 1880 Phar- 
macopoeia are much more definite than in former revisions. 
Many Tinctures that were formerly prepared by percolation 
are now, very sensibly, prepared by maceration, and in most 
of the present formulae, where percolation is employed, it is 
directed to moisten the drug and macerate it for 24 hours 
before packing in the percolator. This is a very important 
direction, for, in following the former authority, it was often 
the case that inexperienced druggists would pack the drugs in 
the percolator and begin percolating at once, having a tincture 
finished in a few hours, which would, of course, only partly 



TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 88 1 

represent the medicinal value of the drug. By moistening the 
drug and allowing it to stand before packing, it has an oppor- 
tunity to "swell " and gives time for the medicinal properties 
to be dissolved or loosened, and it is therefore in a fit condi- 
tion for the process of percolation. 

Of all processes, however, which have been proposed for 
making Tinctures, none will be found so valuable and econom- 
ical as the process of water-bath percolation, which, by the 
influence of heat, dissolves and removes with the percolate, 
all the medicinal value of the drug. The formulae that are 
given for making Tinctures by water-bath percolation mostly 
conform to the standard of strength of the 1880 Pharmacopoeia. 

The change in the U. S. 1880 Pharmacopoeia to parts by 
weight, instead of definite weight and fluid measure, as for- 
merly, causes much inconvenience to American druggists who 
are not accustomed to preparing them in this manner. This 
is especially the case with Tinctures, owing to their varying 
specific gravity and the varying amount of extractive matter 
which even the same drug will yield by different methods of 
exhaustion. 

The Tinctures of American Pharmacy are now mostly made 
to represent 5, 10, 15, or 20 per cent, of the medicinal sub- 
stance, there being but few variations to this general rule. 
Those of British Pharmacy mostly represent 5, io, 12).., and 
20 per cent., while those of German and French Pharmacy are 
all in decimal proportion. 

The official formulas which follow, therefore, are arranged 
for definite weight and measure as well as in parts. Tin for- 
mulas of the Br., German, and man)- of those of the French 
Pharmacopoeias art: given as well as the U.S., for in this coun- 
try tin-) are frequently called for. The following are' those 

official in the authorities mentioned: 

3431. Tinctura Absinthii. G. P. 

Tincture >>/ 11 'ormwood. 

Wormwood i part. 

Diluted Alcohol 5 parts. 

Make a Tincture by maceration or percolation. 



882 TINCTUR.E —TINCTURES. 

3432. Tinctura Aconiti. 

Tincture of Aconite. 
The U. S. P., 1880, formula is: 

Aconite (Root), .... 400 parts or 1 1 ounces av. 

Tartaric Acid, 4 parts or 48 grains. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol in which the 
Tartaric Acid has previously been dissolved, and macerate for 
24 hours; then pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator 
and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture 
are obtained. This Tincture contains 40 per cent, of Aconite. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Aconite Root, in No. 60 powder, . . 11 ounces av. 

Tartaric Acid, 48 grains. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Moisten the Aconite with 6 ounces of Alcohol and pack.it 
very firmly in the water-bath percolator. Pour upon it a pint 
of Alcohol and set in a warm place for 4 days, then heat mod- 
erately and, after 1 hour, begin to percolate slowly, adding 
Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and percolation 
until 2 pints have passed. Dissolve the Tartaric Acid in the 
Tincture and filter. 

The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
recovered by distillation, and used in liniments, etc. 

The Br. P. formula is Aconite Root 2]/ 2 ounces av., Rectified 
Spirit 20 fl. ounces, made in the same manner, the finished 
Tincture representing 10 per cent, of the drug. 

The German official is made 1 part of the Root with 10 
parts of diluted Alcohol. 

The French Alcoolatnre d'Aconit is made from the fresh 
Root and 90 per cent. Alcohol, equal parts, by maceration and 
expression. 

The U. S. Tincture of Aconite is given as an arterial seda- 
tive in doses of ^ to 5 minims. Three or four times as much 
of the Br. or German preparations may be given. 



TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. " 883 

Tincture of Aconite Leaves is also kept in most drug stores, and fre- 
quently prescribed or called for. although not officinal ; much care must, 
therefore, be used to prevent mistakes that might occur from misunderstand- 
ing as to the two preparations. 

This was formerly official in the U. S. P.. made with i part Aconite Leaves 
and 8 parts diluted Alcohol. The dose was 5 to 1 5 grains. 

3433. Fleming's Tincture of Aconite. — This is a stronger Tincture of 
Root prepared by macerating Aconite Root, in fine powder, 16 ounces aw, 
with 1 pint of Alcohol, for five days, then transferring to a percolator and 
adding Alcohol, percolating slowly until 24 flounces are obtained. This is 
double the strength of the official Tincture. 

3434. Etherial Tincture of Aconite (Paris Codex) is made by macerat- 
ing or percolating 4 parts of Aconite Root with 16 parts (by weight) of 
Ether. It is used externally. 



3435. Tinctura Aloes. 

Tincture of Aloes. 
Purified Aloes, ...... JO parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Extract of Liquorice, . . 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the powders with a pint and a half of diluted Alcohol, 
and macerate the mixture for seven days in a closed vessel; 
then filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
diluted Alcohol to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 
1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH l'KKCOLATION. 

Purified Aloes, in moderately fine 

powder 3 ' 4 minces av. 

Extract of Liquorice, in moderately 

fine powder 3' 4 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Mix the drugs and agitate them with 2.X fl.ounces of diluted 
Alcohol; Cul a piece of burlap or coarse cloth and place in the 
bottom, on tin- perforated diaphragm of the water-bath per- 
colator. Pour the mixture into the percolator and let it stand 
in a warm place for two days ; then heat moderately, and, after 
one hour, begin t<> percolate, adding diluted Alcohol through 



884 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 



the percolator to make 2 pints of the Tincture. A little sedi- 
ment will be found at the bottom after the Tincture has cooled, 
as the warm diluted Alcohol dissolves a little more of the 
drugs than it will retain in solution. Forty grains of Carbon- 
ate of Potassium then added to the Tincture will nearly dis- 
solve the precipitate and will greatly improve the preparation. 

The Br. P. formula is Socotrine Aloes y 2 ounce av., Extract 
of Liquorice \ l /> ounce av., Proof Spirit a sufficiency. Mac- 
erate for seven days in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit, then filter 
and add sufficient Proof Spirit through the filter to make 20 
fi. ounces. 

The G. P. formula is Aloes 1 part, Alcohol 5 parts, prepared 
in the same manner. 

The U. S. Tincture of Aloes is given as a purgative in doses 
of ^ to 1 fl. drachm or more. 



3436. Tinctura Aloes Composita. G. P. 

Elixir ad Longam Vitam. 

Aloes 6 parts, Rhubarb, Gentian, Zedoary, Saffron, each 1 
part, diluted Alcohol 200 parts. Make a Tincture by 
maceration. 

3437. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. 

Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh [Elixir Proprietatis). 

Purified Aloes, .... 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 

Myrrh, 10 parts or 27/q ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix the powders with i l /> pint of Alcohol and macerate the 
mixture for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make the 
Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 

This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the 
same manner as is directed for making Tincture Aloes (3435)- 
It is given as a laxative and regulator and for worms, etc. 
The dose is 30 minims to a teaspoonful or more. 



TIXCTL'R-E — TINCTURES. 885 

3438. Tinctura Amara. G. P. 

Bitter Tincture — Bittertropfen. 

This is prepared by maceration or percolation from Gentian, 
Centaury, each 3 parts, Orange Peel 2 parts, Orange Berries, 
Zedoary, each 1 part, diluted Alcohol 50 parts. It is an aro- 
matic bitter. 



3439. Tinctura Arnicae Florum. 

Tincture of Arnica Flowers. 

Arnica Flowers, .... 20 parts or 6^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 
to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the Arnica Flowers with 12 fl. ounces of diluted 
Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon 
it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Arnica Flowers, in coarse powder, . . 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 22 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Moisten the Arnica with 8 ounces of Alcohol and pack' very 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it the remaining 
14 ounces of Alcohol and set in a warm place for one daw 
then heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, 
adding Water to the drug in the percolator after the Alcohol 
has disappeared and continuing the heat and percolation with 
Water until 2 pints of the Tincture arc obtained. Let it 
stand for a ivw days and filter. 

The Arnica Flowers can besl be reduced to a coarse powder 
by rubbing them through a coarse sieve. It will be noticed 
that the proportion of Alcohol is greater than the [880 Phar- 
macopoeia directs, but it lias been found necessary to use a 
larger quantity in order to retain the properties in solution, as 



886 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

by water-bath percolation a much stronger Tincture is made 
than by the ordinary method. 

The German formula directs I part of the Flowers to 10 
parts of diluted Alcohol. 

Tincture of Arnica is chiefly used externally. 

3440. Tinctura Arnicae Radicis. 

Tincture of Arnica Root. 
Arnica Root, in No. 40 

powder, 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of the Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 
The Br. formula is essentially the same. 

When this Tincture is desired by physicians it should be so 
stated in the prescription. If " Tincture Arnica " only is writ- 
ten the Tincture of Arnica Flowers should be dispensed. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Arnica Root, in No. 40 powder, ... 3 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Moisten the drug with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it 24 ounces of 
diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for. 24 hours, then heat 
moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
diluted Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and per- 
colation until 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 

3441. Tinctura Aromatica. G. P. 

Aromatic Tincture. 
This is prepared by maceration or percolation from Cinna- 
mon 5 parts, Ginger 2 parts, Galangal Root, Cloves, Cardamom, 
each 1 part, and diluted Alcohol 50 parts. It is used as an 
aromatic addition to other preparations. 



TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 887 

3442. Tinctura Asafoetidae. 

Tincture of Asa fetid a. 

Asafetida, bruised, ... 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Asafetida with a pint and a half of Alcohol and 
macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
paper, adding enough Alcohol through the filter to make the 
Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 

This Tincture may be made by water-bath percolation in the 
same manner as Tincture of Aloes, but, as it is so difficult to 
clean a vessel in which it is made, it may not be advisable to 
use a water-bath percolator for this purpose. It is most con- 
venient to keep a wide-mouth jar expressly for making Tinc- 
ture of Asafetida. allowing it to macerate for an indefinite 
time and filtering off a pint, more or less, as is required to fill 
the shelf bottle. 

The German preparation is the same as the U. S. 

The Br. P. directs 2^ ounces av. of the Gum-Resin to make 
20 fl. ounces with Rectified Spirit. 

The dose is ^ to I fl. drachm as an anti-spasmodic. 

3443. Tinctura Aurantii Amari. 

Tincture of Bitter Orange Pec/. 

Bitter Orange Peel, ... 20 parts, or 6 1 /^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make IOO parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten tin powder with 6 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours; then pack it moderately in a conical 
percolator and gradually pour Diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of the Tincture are obtained. 

MADE BY W \ iKk-i: A III PERC0LA1 I' >N. 

Mitt'T ' )r.iii;.;e Peel, in No. 30 powder, . (> ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Moisten the drug with 6 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 

macerate in a closed vessel for 2 ) hours, then pack' moderately 



888 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 

in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a half of 
Diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for 24 hours. Then 
heat very moderately and after one hour begin to percolate, 
adding Diluted Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture have passed. 
Set this aside for a few days to allow the albuminous matter 
to separate, and then filter. The Br. and German formulas are 
the same as the U. S. 

This is given as an aromatic bitter in doses of a teaspoonful 
or more. 

3444. Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis. 

Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel. 

Sweet Orange Peel recently 

separated from the fresh 

fruit and deprived of the 

inner white layer, ... 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Orange Peel previously cut into small pieces with 
80 parts or \ l / 2 pints of Alcohol, and macerate for 24 hours, 
then pack it moderately in a conical percolator, and gradually 
pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. U. S. 1880. 

This is a new officinal tincture used chiefly for flavoring other 
preparations. The short time which is given for maceration 
seems insufficient, and certainly is unless the peel is cut very 
fine and bruised so as to rupture the oil cells as much as possi- 
ble. It will be much better to add the Alcohol to the peel, 
chopped very fine, and allow it to remain upon it, instead of 
percolating as directed. After standing a few weeks it may be 
filtered off for use. The Br. P. Tinctura Aurantii Rcccntis is 
similar to this, but stronger. 

3445. Orange Fruit Tincture. 

Oranges, medium size, sweet, No. 1 2, or 4 pounds av. 

Alcohol 4 pints. 

Water, sufficient. 
Peel the Oranges as you would an apple, taking off a peeling thick enough 
to contain all the oil cells, squeeze out the juice of the Oranges with a lemon 



TI.\CTl"R.-E — TINCTURE* 



squeezer, chop or cut the peel fine and put in a wide-mouth jar or other con- 
venient vessel, pour upon it the Alcohol and expressed juice of the Oranges, 
macerate for a week or more, add 2 pints of Water and macerate again for a 
week, then pour off the liquid, pack the macerated peel in a funnel or perco- 
lator, and percolate it, first with the poured off liquid, then add Water 
enough through the drugs to make the measure a gallon. If cloudy when 
filtered add a very little Alcohol. 

This is a finely-flavored preparation and may be used whenever Tincture of 
Sweet Orange is directed. It is far superior to any other Tincture of Orange. 
It should be made when oranges are cheap in sufficient quantity to last a year. 

3446. Tinctura Belladonnae. 

Tincture of Belladonna. 
Belladonna Leaves, ... 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 

The Br. P. formula directs only I ounce of the drug with 20 
of Proof Spirit, the product being only about one third as 
strong as the U. S. 

The U.S. Tincture is a narcotic poison, acting as a sedative 
in small doses. The dose is 3 to 10 minims. 

3447. Tinctura Benzoini. 

Tinet nrc of Benzoin. 
Benzoin 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, suflii ienl to make [00 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the powder with a pint and a halt of Alcohol and mac- 
erate for seven day. iii a closed vessel, then filter through 
paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol t" make the 
Tincture measure 2 pints. {J. S. [880. 

Tin German Tincture Benzoes is the same. 



890 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for making Tincture Aloes. 

This is used in making some other preparations and in mak- 
ing Aromatic Lotions, etc. 



3448. Tinctura Benzoini Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 

Benzoin, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Purified Aloes, ... 2 parts or 236 grains. 

Storax y 8 parts or 2]/^ ounces av. 

Balsam of Tolu, ... 4 parts or lyi ounce av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to 

make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the gums, etc., with a pint and a half of Alcohol and 
macerate the mixture for seven days in a closed vessel, then 
filter through paper, adding enough Alcohol through the filter 
to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as directed for making Tincture of Aloes. 

The Br. P. formula is Benzoin 2 ounces av., Prepared Storax 
\ x /t ounce av., Balsam Tolu x / 2 ounce av., Socotrine Aloes 
160 grains, Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

This Tincture was once a popular panacea known as " Friar s 
Balsam. 

The dose is ^ to 1 fl. drachm on sugar or in sweetened water. 



3449. Tinctura Bryoniae. 

Tincture of Bryonia. 

Bryonia, recently dried, in 

No. 40 powder, ... 10 parts or 2^ ounce av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol and macer- 
ate for 24 hoars, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture 
are obtained. U. S. 1X80. 



TIXCTUR.-E — TINCTURES. S91 

This Tincture may also be made by water-bath percolation 
in the same manner as is directed for making Tincture Aconite 
Root. 

It is used as a hydrogogue cathartic in doses of I to 2 
fi. drachms. 



3450. Tinctura Buchu. Br. 

Tincture of Buchu. 

Buchu Leaves, in No. 20 powder, . 2^ ounces av. 
Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Buchu for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit 
in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer to a 
percolator and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the per- 
colation with the remaining 5 fl. ounces of Spirit, press the 
drugs remaining in the percolator, filter the liquids obtained 
and add through the filter sufficient Proof Spirit to make a 
pint. 

This is given in doses of I to 4 teaspoonfuls as a diuretic, etc. 

3451. Tincture Calami. G. P. 

Tincture of Calamus {Sweet Flag). 

Calamus 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts. Prepare a Tinc- 
ture by maceration or percolation. 

This is used as a stomachic and for flavoring other 
■ preparations. 

3452. Tinctura Calendulae. 

Tincture of Calendula or Marigold. 

Calendula, in No. 20 powder, .... 6 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Moisten the powder with [2 fl.ounces of diluted Alcohol 
and macerate for 24 hours, then pack- it firmly in a cylindrical 
percolator, and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. [880. 



892 TIXCTURiE — TINCTURES. 

The U. S. official Tincture of Calendula is intended to be 
made from the herb, but it is much more frequently made 
from the flowers, which are preferable for the purpose. 

.MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Calendula (flowers), in No. 20 powder, 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 22 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Make in the same manner as is directed for making Tincture 
of Arnica Flowers. 

The Calendula Flowers, when dry, can be reduced to a 
coarse powder by rubbing through a coarse sieve. 

The proportion of Alcohol used in this formula is greater 
than the pharmacopoeia directs, but is no more than is required 
to hold the medicinal properties in solution. 



3453. Tinctura Calumbae. 

Tincture of Calnmba. 

Calumba, No. 20 powder, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 

Water, \ make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix Alcohol and Water (by weight) in proportion of 3 parts 
of Alcohol to 2 parts of Water, and, having moistened the 
powder with 3 ounces of the mixture, macerate for 24 hours, 
then pack it in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour men- 
struum upon it until 2 parts of Tincture are obtained. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Calumba, in No. 20 powder, .... 3 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ) , rr ■ 1 

f each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
Water, ) r 

Mix Alcohol and Water as above and make a Tincture by 
water-bath percolation as directed for making Tincture Arnica 
Root. 

The Br. P. directs 2^4 ounces of Calumba to be made into 
20 fl. ounces of Tincture with Proof Spirit. 

This is given as a bitter tonic and stomachic in doses of *4 
to 1 teaspoonful. 



TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 893 

3454. Tinctura Camphorae Composita. Br. 

Compound Tincture of CampJwr — ■ Paregoric. 

The Br. P. gives the following formula under the above title, 
the preparation corresponding nearly to the U. S. P. Tinctura 
Opii Camphorata and the G. P. Tincture Opii Bcnzoica (which 
see) : 

Opium, in powder 40 grains. 

Benzoic Acid 40 grains. 

Camphor, 30 grains. 

Oil of Anise, y 2 fl. drachm. 

Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
agitation, then filter and add sufficient Proof Spirit to make 
20 fl. ounces. 

A fl. drachm contains % grain Opium. The dose is 15 to 60 
minims. 

3455. Tinctura Cannabis Indicae. 

Tincture of Indian Cannabis — Tincture of Indian Hemp. 

Indian Cannabis, 23/ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... a pint. 

Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol and macer- 
ate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until a pint of Tincture is 
obtained. U. S. l88o. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLA I [I IN. 

Indian Cannabis, in No. 40 powder, . ^]/, ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Moi^tc-n the powder with .\ ounces of Alcohol, pack firmly 
in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and .1 half of 
Alcohol and sel in a warm place for two days, then heat mod- 
erately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol 
to tin- drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 
• if t he Tincture have passed. 



894 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

The Br. P. directs I ounce av. of Extract of Indian Hemp 
to be dissolved in Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 

The German formula directs 1 part of Extract of Indian 
Hemp to be dissolved in 19 parts (by weight) of Alcohol. 

The dose of the U. S. Tincture is 20 to 40 minims, of the 
Br. and German preparations 5 to 20 minims. 

3456. Tinctura Cantharidis. 

Tincture of CantJiaridcs. 

Cantharides, 5 parts or 606 grains. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with an ounce of Alcohol and pack it 
firmly in the cylindrical percolator, then gradually pour Alco- 
hol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Cantharides, in No. 60 powder, . . . 600 grains. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Make in the same manner as directed for Tincture Cannabis 
Indica. The dose is 3 to 15 drops. 

The Br. P. formula is Cantharides, in coarse powder, y± 
ounce av., Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces, made by maceration. 
Dose, 5 to 20 minims. It is only about one third the strength 
of the U. S. preparation. 

The G. P. directs Cantharides 1 part, Alcohol 10 parts, being 
double the strength of the U. S. 

3457. Tinctura Capsici. 

Tincture of Capsicum. 

Capsicum, 5 parts or 600 grains. 

Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 

Water, i make .... 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 parts of 
Alcohol to 1 part of Water, and, having moistened the pow- 
der with y 2 fl. ounce of the mixture, pack it firmly in a cylin- 
drical percolator, then gradually pour menstruum upon it until 
2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 



TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 895 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Capsicum, in No. 30 powder, .... 600 grains. 

' ,- each sufficient to make ... 2 pints. 

Water, * 

Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 parts of 
Alcohol to 1 part of Water and moisten the drug with an 
ounce of the mixture, pack it firmly in the water-bath percola- 
tor, pour upon it a pint and a half of the menstruum and set 
in a warm place for two days, then heat very moderately and, 
after one hour, begin to percolate, adding the menstruum to 
the drug and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 pints 
of the Tincture have passed. 

The Br. P. formula directs ^ ounce of Capsicum with suf- 
ficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

The G. P. directs 1 part of Capsicum with 10 parts of Alco- 
hol, to be made by maceration. It is double the strength of 
the U. S. or Br. preparation. 

Tincture of Capsicum is much used externally in liniments, 
and is given as a warm stimulant in doses of 5 to 30 minims. 

3458. Tinctura Cardamomi. 

Tincture of Cardamom. 

Cardamom, 15 parts or 4^$ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 4 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack in a Cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of the 
Tincture are obtained. U. S. 18S0. 

\i \\A : . i:\ \\.\ 1 ER-BA ill PERCOL VTH IN. 

Cardamom, in No. 30 powder, . . . 4^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Make in the same manner as directed for Tincture Arnica 
Root (3440). 

This is given as an aromatic stimulant in doses ol % to 1 
teaspoonful. 



896 T I NCTU R.E — TINCTU RES. 



3459. Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Cardamom. 

Cardamom, 20 parts or 280 grains. 

Cinnamon 20 parts or 280 grains. 

Caraway, 10 parts or 140 grains. 

Cochineal, 5 parts or 70 grains. 

Glycerin, 60 parts or 1 x / 2 fl. ounce. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make IOOO parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the drugs and reduce them to a moderately coarse pow- 
der, moisten them with an ounce of diluted Alcohol, pack 
them firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour 
diluted Alcohol upon them until 30^2 fl. ounces have passed ; 
to this add the Glycerin and mix them thoroughly. Filter if 
necessary. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as Tincture of Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P. formula directs Cardamom Seeds }£ ounce, Cara- 
way Fruit (seeds) ^ ounce, Raisins, freed from seeds, 2 ounces. 
Cinnamon Bark }4 ounce, Cochineal 55 grains, Proof Spirit 20 
fl. ounces, to make a Tincture. 

This is a pleasant aromatic, used chiefly for flavoring other 
preparations. Dose, a teaspoonful. It is quite a favorite 
addition to bitters or other stomachics, in which it is used 
chiefly as a flavoring. 



3460. Tinctura Cascarillae. Br. 

Tincture Cascarilla. 

Cascarilla Bark, in No. 40 powder, . 2]/ 2 ounces av. 
Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

Make a Tincture by macerating 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of 
tlic Spirit, then percolating with the addition of enough Spirit 
through the percolator to make 20 fl. ounces. 

This is a tonic and is given in doses of ^ to 2 fl. drachms. ' 



TIXCTURJE — TIN'CTUKES. 



3461. Tinctura Castorei. G. P. 

Tincture of Castor. 

Castor, 1 part. 

Alcohol, 10 parts. 

Make by maceration. 

The formula for this Tincture was official in the U. S. 1870 
Pharmacopoeia, Castor, bruised, 2 troyounces, Alcohol 2 pints. 
Made by maceration. It is given as an antispasmodic. Dose, 
20 to 60 minims. 

3462. Tinctura Catechu Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Catechu — 18S0. Tincture of Catechu 
— U. S. 1870. 

Catechu, in No. 40 powder, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
Cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 8 parts or 2.y 2 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the powders, and, having moistened the mixture with 5 
fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, macerate for 24 hours, then pack 
it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted 
Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 
1880. 

The U. S. 1870 formula was Catechu 3 tr.ounces, Cinnamon 
2 tr.ounces, Diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 2 pints. It 
was called, simply, Tincture of Catechu. 

The Br. formula is Catechu 2 l / 2 ounces av., Cinnamon Hark 
1 ounce, Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. Making a preparation 
nearly the same as the l T . S. 

The German Tincture Catechu is prepared from Catechu 1 
part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, by maceration. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation as directed foi 

Tincture Aloes 1 $435). 

This Tincture is given as an aromatic astringent in doses of 
y 2 to mfuls. It is a favorite addition Co diarrhoea 

mixtures, astringenl washes for spongy gums, and othei 
similar preparal ions. 



898 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

3463. Tinctura Chinoidini. G. P. 

Tincture of Chinoidin. 

Chinoidin, 10 parts. 

Diluted Alcohol, 85 parts. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 5 parts. 

Dissolve the Chinoidin in the liquids and filter. Dose ]/>, to 
a teaspoonful or more; 

This is a tonic and antiperiodic used particularly for chills, 
fever and ague, and malaria. Its extreme bitterness can be 
overcome in a measure by adding 30 grains of Extract of 
Liquorice, in powder, to each fl. ounce. 

3464. Tinctura Chiratae. 

Tincture of CJiirata. 

Chirata, in No. 40 powder, 3 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 fl. ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P. formula is Chirata 2^ ounces, Proof Spirit to 
make 20 fl. ounces. 

It is a bitter stomachic, similar to Tincture of Gentian. The 
dose is y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 

3465. Tinctura Chloroformi Composita. Br. 

Tincture of Chloroform. 

Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 

Rectified Spirit, 4 fl. ounces. 

Compound Tincture of Cardamom, . . 5 fl. ounces. 
Mix them. 

Although this preparation is not official in the U. S., it is 
frequently prescribed and used in this country. It is nearly 
double the strength of the U. S. official Spirit of Chloroform. 



TINCTURES — TINCTURES. 



3466. Tinctura Chloroformi et Morphinae. Br. 

Tincture of Cliloroform and Morphine — " Chlorodyne." 

Contains in 10-minim dose. 

Chloroform, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. \)/± minim. 

Ether, 2 fl. drachms. ^ minim. 

Rectified Spirit, . . 1 fl. ounce. \]± minim. 

Hydrochlorate of Mor- 
phine, 8 grains. ^ grain. 

Diluted Hydrocyanic 

Acid, y 2 fl. ounce. ^ minim. 

Oil of Peppermint, . 4 minims. S L- minim. 

Liquid Extract of Li- 
quorice, 1 fl. ounce. 1^ minim. 

Treacle, 1 fl. ounce. 

Syrup, a sufficiency to 

make 8 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Hydrochlorate of Morphine and Oil of Pepper- 
mint in the Spirit and add the Chloroform and Ether. Mix 
the Liquid Extract of Liquorice and Treacle with 3 fl. ounces 
of Syrup and add to the previously formed solution, mix them 
thoroughly, add the Hydrocyanic Acid and make up the vol- 
ume of the liquid with Syrup to 8 fl. ounces. 

This is a new Br. P. official intended to supply a popular 
demand for " Chlorodyne," which was formerly a proprietary 
medicine. Other formulas for Chlorodyne will be found else- 
where. It is given in 5 to 10 minims doses as an anodyne. 



3467. 



Tinctura Cimicifugae. 



Tincture of Cimicifuga {Black Cohosh) — Tincture of Actcea. 



Black Cohosh, in No. 60 powder, . 
Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . 



$ l /2 ounces a v. 
2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 4 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 

gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture art- 
obtained. U. S. 1880. 



900 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Black Cohosh, in No. 50 powder, . 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint 
and a half of Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days, 
then heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to per- 
colate, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture have passed. 

The Br. P. directs Cimicifuga 2y 2 ounces to be made with 
Proof Spirit into 20 fi. ounces of Tincture by maceration and 
percolation. 

This is given as a tonic and anti-rheumatic in doses of 15 to 
60 minims. 

3468. Tinctura Cinchonae. 

Tincture of Cinchona — Tinctura Chines. G. P. 

Yellow Cinchona, in No. 60 powder, . . 6 ounces av. 
Glycerin, 2 fi. ounces. 

co 10 , eac ^ su f£ c i ent to ma ke . . 2 pints. 
Water, I 

Mix the Glycerin with 23 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 7 fl. ounces 
of Water, and, having moistened the powder with 6 ouncesof 
the mixture, macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
cylindrical glass percolator and gradually pour on the remain- 
der of the mixture. When the liquid has disappeared from 
the surface gradually pour on more of the mixture of Alcohol 
and Water, using the same proportions as before, and continue 
the percolation until 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. 
U. S. 1880. The U. S. 1870 preparation contained no Glycerin. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Yellow Cinchona, in No. 50 powder, . 6 ounces av. 
Glycerin, 2 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, I , rr ■ . , 1 

• each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
Water, I 

Mix the Glycerin with 20 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 8 fl. ounces 
of Water, moisten the powder with 6 ounces of the mixture 



TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 901 

and macerate in a closed vessel for 24 hours ; transfer it then 
to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon it the 
remainder of the mixture and set in a warm place for 24 hours, 
then heat very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to per- 
colate. When the liquid has disappeared from the surface 
add through the percolator enough Alcohol and Water, mixed 
in the proportion of 2 measures of Alcohol to 1 measure of 
Water, to complete the percolation and make 2 pints of Tinc- 
ture. Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 

The Br. P. directs Red Cinchona Bark 4 ounces, Proof Spirit 
to make 20 fl. ounces, in the same manner as the U. S. 

The G. P. directs i part of Cinchona and 5 parts of diluted 
Alcohol, to be made by maceration. 

This is given as a tonic in doses of y 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 



3469. Tinctura Cinchonae Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Cinchona — Huxhani s Tincture — 
Tinctura Chinee Composita. G. P. 

Red Cinchona, ... 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
Bitter Orange Peel, . 8 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
Serpentaria, .... 2 parts or 260 grains. 

Glycerin 10 parts or 2^ fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, J each sufficient 

Water, ) to make . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Glycerin with 80 parts or 28 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
and 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Water. Having mixed the Cin- 
chona, Orange Peel, and Serpentaria, reduce them to a fine 
(No. 60) powder, moisten the powder with 20 parts or 5 
fl. ounces of the menstruum and macerate for 24 hours, then 
pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator and gradually 
pour on the remainder of the menstruum. When the liquid 
lias disappeared from the surface gradually pour upon it enough 
of a mixture of Alcohol and Water, using the same propor- 
tions as before, and continue the percolation until 100. parts or 
2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

The U. S. 1870 formula was about the same, except that no 
Glycerin was used; this i-^ added to prevent the precipitation 



902 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

of cincho-tannic acid and other constituents, which occurs 
when it is not employed. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation, with the 
ingredients as above, in the same manner as is directed for 
making Tincture Cinchona, preceding. 

The Br. P. formula is Red Cinchona Bark 2 ounces, Bitter 
Orange Peel I ounce, Serpentary y 2 ounce, Saffron 55 grains, 
Cochineal 28 grains, Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces, by mac- 
eration and percolation. 

The G. P. directs, under the title Tinctura Chinee Composita, 
Cinchona 6 parts, Orange Peel 2 parts, Gentian 2 parts, Cinna- 
mon 1 part, diluted Alcohol 50 parts. This is also called 
Elixir Roborans. 

This Tincture is much used as a tonic and stomachic, the 
dose being ^ to 2 fl. drachms. 

3470. Tinctura Cinnamomi. 

Tincture of Cinnamon. 

Cinnamon, in No. 40 powder, 10 parts or 2l/% ounces av. 

Alcohol, l each sufficient to 

Water, \ make . . . .100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 3 parts by 
weight (22 fl. ounces) of Alcohol to 2 parts (12 fl. ounces) of 
Water, and, having moistened the powder with 3 fl. ounces of 
the mixture, pack it in a conical percolator and gradually pour 
menstruum upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Make a Tincture of the ingredients named above by water- 
bath percolation. 

The Br. P. directs Cinnamon Bark 2 x / 2 ounces av., Rectified 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The G. P. directs 1 part of Cinnamon and 5 parts of diluted 
Alcohol. 

Tincture of Cinnamon is used as an aromatic and stimulant 
in doses of x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 



TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 903 

3471. Tinctura Cocci. Br. 

Tincture of Cochineal. 

Cochineal, in powder, 2 x / 2 ounces av. 

Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
agitation, strain, press, and add sufficient Proof Spirit to make 
20 fl. ounces. 

3472. Tinctura Colchici. 

Tincture of Colchicum. 
Colchicum Seed, in No. 30 

powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 4 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Colchicum Seed, in No. 30 powder, . Afi/% ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Colchici Seminum {Sem- 
iuis /1, directs Colchicum Seed 2 l / 2 ounces av. with Proof Spirit 
to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The (i. P. directs 1 part of Colchicum Seed with 10 parts of 
diluted Alcohol. 

This is used as an anti-rheumatic, the dose being 10 to 40 
minims. 

3473. Tinctura Colocynthidis. G. P. 

Tincture of Colocyuth. 

Colocynth, with the Seeds I part. 

Alcohol, 10 parts. 

Prepared by maceration. This is a bitter stomachic and 
cathartic, the d<>><- being 5 to 15 minims. 



904 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 



3474. Tinctura Conii. 

Tincture of Conium — Tincture of Hemlock. 

The 1870 Pharmacopoeia directed Conium Leaves to be used 
in this preparation, but in the present revision Conium Leaves 
have been dismissed, the fruit only being officinal. 

Conium (fruit), in No. 30 powder, . 4^ ounces av. 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 2 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, 
previously mixed with the diluted Hydrochloric Acid, and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it moderately in a conical 
percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Conium (fruit), in No. 30 powder, . 4^ ounces av. 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, . . . 1 fl. drachm. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P. formula is Hemlock Fruit 2]/ 2 ounces, Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

This is a sedative, the dose being 20 to 60 minims. 

3475. Tinctura Croci. 

Tincture of Saffron. 

Saffron, 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, enough to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the Saffron with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

This is designed to be made from the foreign Saffron {Crocus 
Sativus). Many American druggists do not keep this on 
account of its high price, but use in its place American Saffron 
or Safflower {CartJiamus Tinctorius), which much resembles it. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 905 

It may be made by water-bath percolation as directed for 
making Tincture Arnica Fiowers. 

The Br. P. directs Saffron i ounce with Proof Spirit to make 
20 fl. ounces. 

The G. P. formula directs Saffron 1 part, diluted Alcohol 10 
parts. 

Tincture of Saffron is an aromatic, used to add to other 
preparations and for its orange colors ; also given in doses of 
y 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 

3476. Tinctura Cubebae. 

Tincture of Cubeb. 
Cubeb, in No. 30 powder, 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Cubeb, in No. 30 powder, .... 3>6 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root 13440). 

The Br. P. directs 2^ ounces of Cubebs, in powder, with 
Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

As the medicinal properties of Cubebs are better soluble in 
a stronger alcoholic menstruum, this is the better formula. 

This is given as a stimulant to the mucous membrane in 
doses of y 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 

3477. Tinctura Digitalis. 

Tincture of Digitalis {Fox Glove). 

Digitalis, recently dried, 

and in No. 60 powder, . 15 parts or 4?;; ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make ICO parts or 2 pints. 



906 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

Moisten the powder with 5 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Digitalis, recently dried, in No. 50 powder, 4^5 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
ner as is directed for making Tincture of Belladonna (3446). 

The Br. P. directs 2]/ 2 ounces av. of Foxglove Leaves with 
Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The G. P. directs I part of Digitalis and 10 parts of diluted 
Alcohol. 

This is given as an arterial sedative, the dose of the U. S. 
Tincture being 5 to 30 minims. 

3478. Tinctura Ergotae. Br. 

Tincture of Ergot. 

Ergot, finely comminuted, 5 ounces av. 

Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Ergot for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the Spirit 
in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer to a per- 
colator, and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the perco- 
lation with Proof Spirit until 20 fl. ounces are obtained. 
The dose is 5 to 30 minims. 

3479. Tinctura Ferri Acetatis. 

Tincture of Acetate of Iron {Ferric Acetate). 

By weight. By measure. 

Solution of Acetate of Iron, 50 parts. 6y& fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 30 parts. 5^ fl. ounces. 

Acetic Ether, 20 parts. 3% fl. ounces. 

Mix the Alcohol and Acetic Ether and gradually add the 
Solution of Acetate of Iron, taking care that the mixture 
remains cool. 

Keep the Tincture in glass stoppered bottles in a cool, dark 
place. U. S. 1880. 



riNCTURiE — TINCTURES. 907 

rademacher's tincture of acetate of iron. 

This is much better known than the officinal Tincture. The 
formula is therefore given : 

Sulphate of Iron, pure 23 parts. 

Acetate of Lead 24 parts. 

Distilled Water, 48 parts. 

Good Vinegar 96 parts. 

Alcohol, 80 parts. 

Triturate the Sulphate of Iron and Acetate of Lead together 
in a Wedgewood mortar until a thick magma results, then add 
gradually the Water and Vinegar, and pour the whole into a 
flask or bottle, which is to be kept at a temperature of 30 to 
40 C. (86° to 104 F.) for three days, with occasional agitation ; 
filter and let the filtrate stand for 30 days, occasionally shak- 
ing, in a wide-mouth bottle, only half filled, and loosely cov- 
ered with a plate of glass ; then add 80 parts of Alcohol and 
allow to stand ten days more in the same flask, and, finally, 
filter. 

The Br. P. formula is strong Solution Acetate of Iron 5 
fl. ounces, Acetic Acid 1 fl. ounce, Rectified Spirit 5 fl. ounces. 
distilled Water 9 fl. ounces. Mix and add sufficient distilled 
Water to make the measure 20 fl. ounces. The dose is 5 to 30 
minims. 

The G. P., under the title Tinctura Ferri Acetici sEtherea or 
Etherial Tincture of Acetate of Iron, is Solution Acetate of 
Iron 80 parts, Alcohol 12 parts, Acetic Ether 8 parts. 

3480. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. 

Tincture of Chloride of Iron — Tincture Muriate of Iron. 

By weight. 

Solution of Chloridi- of Iron 35 parts. 

Alcohol, 65 parts. 

Mix the Solution with the Alcohol and let it stand in a 
closely-covered vessel at least three months, then transfer it to 
glass-stoppered bottles. 17, S. 18S0. 

In making this Tincture by the formula of the [&80 Phar- 
macopoeia, if the articles used are of the standard strength, 



'.)( >8 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 



the proportion will be about 8 fl. ounces of the Solution to 25 
fl. ounces of Alcohol, but as the Solution of Chloride of Iron 
as bought is not always of the same specific gravity as the 
Pharmacopoeia directs, it is best to combine the ingredients by 
weight. 

The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Ferri Pcrchloridi, or 
Tincture Perchloridc of Iron, directs strong Solution of Per- 
chloride of Iron 5 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit 5 fl. ounces, dis- 
tilled Water 10 fl. ounces, to be mixed and enough distilled 
Water to be added to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Iron is one of the best known preparations of 
Iron, acting as a tonic and astringent. The dose is from 10 to 
30 minims, which should be diluted and taken through a tube 
to prevent blackening the teeth. 

A so-called Tasteless Tincture of Iron is considerably used. 
See page 570. 

3481. Tinctura Ferri Chlorati /Etherea. G. P. 

Ethereal Tincture Chloride of Iron — Spiritus Ferri Chlorati 

ALthereus — Liquor Anodynus Martiatus — Tinctura 

Ton ico-Nervina Bestuscheffi. 

Solution Chloride of Iron, 1 part. 

Ether, 2 parts. 

Alcohol, 7 parts. 

Mix them and expose in clear glass bottles to sunlight until 
colorless, then remove to a shady place and open them occa- 
sionally until the contents have again assumed a yellow color. 
This Tincture contains 1 per cent, of Iron. 

3482. Tinctura Ferri Pomatia. G. P. 

Tincture of Ferrated Extract of Apples — Stahltropfen. 

Ferrated Extract of Apples, 1 part. 

Cinnamon Water, 9 parts. 

Dissolve and filter. 

This Tincture (which is more properly a solution) is much 
prescribed and used as a tonic in German practice. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 909 

3483. Tinctura Gallae. 

Tincture of Nutgall. 

Xutgall, No. 40 powder, . 20 parts or 6 l < ounces aw 

Glycerin, 10 parts or 2]/ x fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Glycerin with 30 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol, and, 
having moistened the powder with 4 ounces of the mixture, 
pack it in a conical glass percolator, then gradually pour upon 
it, first, the remainder of the mixture, and, afterward, diluted 
Alcohol, until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P. directs Galls 2^2 ounces with Proof Spirit to 
make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture. 

The G. P., under the title Tinctura Gallarum, directs 1 part 
of Nutgalls with 5 parts of diluted Alcohol. 

This Tincture is given as an astringent in doses of ]4 to 2 
fl. drachms. 

3484. Tinctura Gelsemii. 

Tincture of Gelsemium {Yellozv Jasmin). 

Gelsemium (root), in No. 

60 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
percolator and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts 
or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MAIM'. BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Gelsemium, in No. 60 powder, ... 4 ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a 
half <.f Alcohol and set in a warm place for (wo days, then 

heat very moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, 

adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat and per- 
colation until 2 pints <»f Tincture have passed. 



910 TINCTUR.K — TINCTURES. 



A saturated Tincture is also prepared from the green root, 
which is highly esteemed. 

The Br. P. directs 2]/ 2 ounces of Gelsemium with Alcohol 
to make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture. 

Tincture of Gelsemium is employed as an arterial sedative, 
the dose being 10 to 30 miniums of the official Tincture, but 
much less of the green Tincture. 



3485. Tinctura Gentianae. G. P. 

Tincture of Gentian. 

Gentian, 1 part. 

Diluted Alcohol, 5 parts 

Prepare a Tincture by maceration. 
The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 

3486. Tinctura Gentianae Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Gentian. 

Gentian, ...... 8 parts or 2^2 ounces av. 

Bitter Orange Peel, . . 4 parts or i 1 /^ ounces av. 

Cardamom, 2 parts or 280 grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
cient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix the Gentian, Orange Peel, and Cardamom, and reduce 
them to a moderately coarse powder, moisten the powder with 
3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then 
pack it in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour diluted 
Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 
1880. 

This may be made with the same ingredients by water-bath 
percolation as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 

The Br. P. formula is Gentian \]/ 2 ounce av., Bitter Orange 
Peel y^ ounce av., Cardamom Seed ]^ ounce av., with Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

Tincture of Gentian Compound is a bitter tonic, a popular 
remedy for dyspepsia and similar disorders. The dose is x / 2 to 
2 teaspoonfuls. 



TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 911 

3487, Compound Tincture of Gentian, 

Improved. 

Gentian, in coarse powder 2 x / 2 ounces av. 

Cardamom, a fine powder, .... y 2 ounce av. 

Oranges, medium size, sweet, . . . Xo. 3. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Water, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
Peel the Oranges, squeeze out the juice and mix it with 12 
fl. ounces each of Alcohol and Water, chop the Orange Peel 
fine, mix it with the Gentian and Cardamom, and, having 
moistened the drugs with 3 ounces of the mixture, macerate 
for 24 hours in a closed vessel. Transfer it then to a percola- 
tor, pack moderately, pour upon it the remainder of the mix- 
ture and set in a warm place for two days, then begin to per- 
colate, adding to the drugs, after the liquid has disappeared 
from the surface, the remaining 4 ounces of Alcohol mixed 
with 4 ounces of Water, and continuing the percolation with 
Water, if necessary, until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
Lastly, after standing a few days for the albuminous matter 
to separate, filter. 

This makes an excellent Compound Tincture of Gentian, of 
much better flavor than the official preparation. 

3488. Tinctura Guaiaci. 

Tincture of Guaiac. 

Guaiac (resin), in coarse 

powder, 20 parts or 51^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix the powder with a pint and a half of Alcohol and mac- 
erate for seven days in a closed vessel ; then filter through 
paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 
pints of Tincture. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Guaiac, in coarse powder, . . . . 5 j ^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
Mix the Guaiac with an equal bulk of coarse sand and agi- 
tate the mixture with a pint and a half of Alcohol in a wide-- 



912 TINXTUR.1-: — TINCTURES. 



mouth bottle, cover the perforated diaphragm of the water- 
bath percolator with burlap or coarse cloth and pour the 
mixture upon it ; keep in a warm place for three days, then 
heat moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, add- 
ing Alcohol to the drug when the liquid has disappeared from 
the surface, and continuing the heat and percolation until 2 
pints of the Tincture are obtained. 

This Tincture is given as an anti-rheumatic and laxative in 
doses of J/? to i teaspoonful diluted. 

3489, Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata. 

Ammoniatcd Tincture of Guaiac. 

Guaiac (resin), in coarse 

powder, 20 parts or 51^ ounces av. 

Aromatic Spirit of Am- 
monia, sufficient to make 100 parts or sufficient. 

The 1870 Pharmacopoeia directs the Guaiac to be macerated 
with the Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia for seven days and 
filtered. 

The 1880 Pharmacopoeia directs to mix the powder with a 
pint and a half of Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia and macerate 
for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through paper, 
adding through the filter Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. 

The filter should be well covered during filtration to prevent 
evaporation of Ammonia. 

The Br. P. directs Guaiacum Resin, in powder, 4 ounces av., 
to be macerated with 15 fl. ounces of Aromatic Spirit of Am- 
monia for seven days with occasional agitation, then filtered 
and enough Alcohol added through the filter to make 20 
fl. ounces. 

The dose is l / 2 to 1 fl. drachm diluted. 

Tincture of Guaiac, Alkaline. — An Alkaline Tincture of 
Guaiac, not official, but known as Detvees Tincture of Guaiac, 
is made with Guaiac Resin, in powder, 2 tr.ounces. Carbonate 
of Potassium 45 grains, Pimenta, in powder, 240 grains, Diluted 
Alcohol sufficient to make 16 fl. ounces. Digest two weeks. 
The dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 



TINCTURE — TINXTURES. 913 

3490. Tincturae Herbarum Recentium. 

Tinctures of Fresh Herbs. 

Under this heading the 1880 revision gives a general formula 
for making Tinctures from Fresh Herbs. 

The Fresh Herb, bruised 

or crushed, .... 50 parts or 16 ounces aw 
Alcohol (by weight), . . 100 parts or 3773 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Herb with the Alcohol for 14 days, then 
express the liquid and filter. 

MADE BY WATER-P.ATII PERCOLATION. 

Tinctures of fresh herbs, flowers, barks, leaves, roots, etc., 
may be made by water-bath percolation by the following 

General Formula for Tinctures from Fresh 
Herbs, etc. 

The Fresh Herb, Bark, Flower, Leaf, 

or Root, 16 ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Bruise, crush, cut, grate, or otherwise reduce the substance 
to the proper condition for exhaustion and pack it in the 
water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint of Alcohol and set 
in a warm place for two days, then heat moderately, and, aft cl- 
one hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug ami 
continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half has 
passed; remove the drug from the percolator, express, ami, If 
the expressed liquid measures more than half a pint, evaporate 
it to that measure and add t<> the percolate; but if it measures 
less than half a pint, make up to that measure with Alcohol 
and add to the percolate. Lastly, after standing for a few 
days, filter through paper. 

The so-called "Green Tinctures," "Saturated Tinctures," 

"Specific Tincture-,," etc., may l»e made in this manner. A 

great variety of Tinctures are prepared from green plants in 

this manner. 



914 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

3491. Tinctura Humuli. 

Tincture of Hops — Tincture Lupuli. Br. 

Hops, No. 20 powder, . 20 parts or 6^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make ..... 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 12 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol 
and macerate for 24 hours, then pack firmly in a cylindrical 
percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Hops, in No. 20 powder, 6}^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
ner as directed for Tincture Belladonna. 

The Br. P., under the title Tinctura Lupuli, directs Hops 2 Y / 2 
ounces av. with Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The dose of Tincture of Hops is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms as a 
tonic and nervine. 



3492. Tinctura Hydrastis. 

Tincture of Hydrastis (Golden Seal). 

Hydrastis, in No. 60 

powder, 20 parts, or 6^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 5 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation as directed for 
Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The dose is a teaspoonful or more. 






TINCTURE — TINCTU RES. 915 

3493. Tinctura Hyoscyami. 

Tincture Hyoscyamus {Henbane). 

Hyoscyamus Leaves, re- 
cently dried, in No. 60 

powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 4 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Hyoscyamus Leaves, in No. 50 powder, 4^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
ner as is directed for Tincture Belladonna (3446). 

The Br. P. directs Hyoscyamus 2.y 2 ounces av. with Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

This is given as an anodyne and sedative. Dose, y 2 to 1 
fl. drachm. 

3494. Tinctura Ignatiae. 

Tincture of Ignatia. 
Ignatia, in No. 60 powder, 10 parts. 

AlCOhol, j , rr ■ . 

' - each sufficient. 
Water, ) 

This new official formula directs the powder to be exhausted 
with Alcohol and Water, mixed in the proportion of 8 parts of 
the former to 1 of the latter. A portion of the Tincture thus 
obtained is then assayed to ascertain the quantity of dry 
Extract of Ignatia which it contains, and from this the quan- 
tity of extract which the whole percolate represents is to be 
estimated. Menstruum is then to be added, if required, so that 
1 part of the dried extracl may be contained in too parts of 
tin Tincture. For the detailed formula see Tincture of Nux 
Vomica, which is made in the same manner. 



916 TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 

A more simple method of making it is as follows : 

Extract Ignatia, Alcoholic, dry, . . 60 grains. 

Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 

Water, \ l / 2 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Alcohol and Water and dissolve the Extract in the 
mixture. 

This is the same strength as the officinal formula. 

3495. Tinctura Iodi. 

Tincture of Iodine. 

Iodine, 8 parts or 495 grains. 

Alcohol, • 92 parts or 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol. U. S. 1880. 

This is. quite different from the Br. P. formula, which is 
Iodine y 2 ounce av., Iodide of Potassium ]/ 2 ounce av., dis- 
solved in Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. The dose is 5 to 20 
minims. It corresponds nearly with the U. S. 1870 Tincture 
of Iodine Compound. 

The G. P. formula, under the title Tinctura Jodi, is Iodine 1 
part, Alcohol 10 parts. 

The U. S. and G. P. Tinctures are seldom given internally 
but are used for outward application as an absorbent, alone or 
combined with other substances. When given, the dose is 1 
to 3 minims. 

3496. Tinctura Iodinii Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Iodine. 

This was official in the U. S. 1870 Pharmacopoeia, and is still 
called for. 

Iodine, 240 grains. 

Iodide of Potassium 480 grains. 

Alcohol, a pint. 

Dissolve the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium in the Alcohol. 

This Tincture is omitted in the present Pharmacopoeia. Its 
only advantage was that it could be combined with Water 
without precipitation. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 917 

3497. Tincture Ipecacuanhae. G. P. 

Tincture of Ipecac. 

Ipecac, . . 1 part. 

Diluted Alcohol, 10 parts. 

Make a Tincture by maceration or percolation. The dose is 
15 to 30 minims. 

3498. Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii. 

Tincture Ipecac and Opium — Tinctura Dover i. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium, . . 15 fi. ounces. 
Fluid Extract of Ipecac, .... \y 2 fl. ounces. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient. 

Evaporate the deodorized Tincture of Opium to 12^ 
fl. ounces. When it has become cold, add to it the Fluid 
Extract of Ipecac, filter the mixture and pass through the 
filter enough diluted Alcohol to make 15 fl. ounces. U. S. 1880. 

This Tincture represents Dover's powder in a liquid form, 10 
minims containing the strength of 1 grain each of Opium and 
Ipecac. The dose is 10 to 15 minims. 

3499. Tinctura Jaborandi. Br. 

Tincture of Jaborandi — Tincture of Pilocarpus. 

Jaborandi, in No. 40 powder, .... 5 ounces av. 
Proof Spirit, 20 fl.ounces. 

Macerate the Jaborandi for 48 hours in 1 5 fl.ounces of the 
Spirit in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer 
to a percolator and, when the fluid ceases to pass, continue 
the percolation with the remaining 5 ounces of Spirit. After- 
wards subject the contents of the percolator to pressure, filter 
the produ< t, mix the liquids, and add suffii ienl Proof Spirit to 
make 20 fl.ounces. 

This may also be made by water-bath percolation as directed 

for Tincture of I'.clladonna. Dose, y 2 to l tl. drachm. 



918 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

3500. Tinctura Jalapae. Br. 

Tincture of Jalap. 

Jalap, in powder, 2 1 /, ounces av. 

Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

Make a Tincture by maceration, percolation, etc., as directed 
for the preceding. 

This Tincture was official in the 1870 U. S. P., the formula 
being Jalap 6 tr.ounces, Alcohol 2 parts to Water 1 part, a 
sufficient quantity to make 2 pints. 

The dose, as a purgative, is ]/ 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 

3501. Tinctura Kino. 

Tincture of Kino. 

Kino, 10 parts or 360 grains. 

Glycerin, 15 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, J each sufficient 

Water, \ to make . . 100 parts or y 2 pint. 

Mix the Glycerin with 60 parts or 6 fl. ounces of Alcohol, and 
15 parts or 1 ^ fl. ounces of Water, rub the Kino in a mortar, 
adding gradually 30 parts or 3 fl. ounces of menstruum until a 
smooth paste is made ; transfer this to a bottle, add the 
remainder of the menstruum and macerate for 24 hours, occa- 
sionally shaking the bottle, then filter through paper, adding 
through the filter enough of a mixture of Alcohol and Water, 
made in the proportion of 5 measures of Alcohol to 1 measure 
of Water, to make half a pint of the Tincture. U. S. 1880. 

Keep the Tincture in well-stopped bottles. 

The great trouble with Tincture of Kino is its tendency to 
gelatinize. This formula, if properly followed, is supposed to 
overcome this difficulty. 

The Br. P. formula is Kino 2 ounces, Glycerin 3 fl. ounces, 
Distilled Water 5 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit 12 fl. ounces. Mac- 
erate for 7 days in a closed vessel, with occasional agitation, 
filter, and add sufficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Kino is an astringent, given in doses of x / 2 to 2 
fl.drachms. 



TINCTUR^E — TINCTURES. 919 

3502. Tinctura Krameriae. 

Tincture of Krameria {Rhatany). 
Rhatany (Root), in No. 40 

powder, 20 parts or 6 l /± ounces aw 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 6 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it in a cylindrical percolator 
and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of 
Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADK BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Rhatany, in No. 40 powder, . . . 6% ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P. directs Rhatany Root 2% ounces av. with Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

The G. P., under the title Tinctura RatanJiice, directs Kra- 
meria I part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, to be made by maceration. 
Tincture of Rhatany is an astringent, given in doses of ^ to 
2 fl. ounces. 

35°3- Tinctura Laricis. Br. 

Tincture of Larch. 
Larch Bark, in No. 40 powder, . . 2^ ounces aw 

Rectified Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Larch Bark for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
Spirit, then percolate, adding Rectified Spirit through tin- per- 
colator to make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture. 

This is the Tincture of the European Larch, Abies Larix. 
The close is 20 to 30 minims. 

3504. Tinctura Lavandulae Composita. 

Compound Tincture of Lavender > ('. S. 1880 Spirit us Lav- 
endula Composita, U. S. 1870 Spirit of Lavender. 
This preparation, which was formerly classed with Spirits, 
has been very properly transferred t" the Tinctures in the 



920 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

present Pharmacopoeia. As the difference is so slight between 
the 1870 and 1880 preparation, the latter formula only is given. 

Oil of Lavender, ... 8 parts or 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Rosemary, ... 2 parts or 30 minims. 

Cinnamon, in coarse 

powder, 18 parts or 230 grains. 

Cloves, 4 parts or 52 grains. 

Nutmeg, 10 parts or 128 grains. 

Red Saunders, coarse 

powder, 8 parts or 103 grains. 

Alcohol (by weight), . . 680 parts or 23 fl. ounces. 

Water, 270 parts or 7^5 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
cient to make . . 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and add the Water, crush 
the Nutmeg in a mortar, mix with it the Cinnamon, Cloves, 
and Red Saunders, and reduce the mixture by grinding to a 
coarse powder; moisten the mixture with a sufficient quantity 
of the Alcoholic solution of the Oils, pack it firmly in a cylin- 
drical percolator, gradually pour upon it the remainder of the 
Alcoholic solution and, afterward, diluted Alcohol until 1000 
parts or 2 pints of the Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P. formula is so similar that it need not be repeated. 

Tincture of Lavender Compound is an agreeable stomachic 
and aromatic. The dose is Vi to 2 fl. drachms. 



35°5- Tinctura Limonis. Br. 

Tincture of Lemon Peel. 

Fresh Lemon Peel, cut small, . . . 2^ ounces av. 
Proof Spirit, 20 fl. ounces. 

.Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
agitation, strain, press, and filter; then add sufficient Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. It might with advantage be made 
much stronger. 

This is used for flavoring and given as an aromatic stimu- 
lant in doses of V 2 to 2 fl. drachms. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 921 

3506. Tinctura Lobeliae. 

Tincture of Lobelia. 
Lobelia (herb), in No. 40 

powder, 20 parts or 6%. ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 6 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Lobelia (herb), in No. 40 powder, . 6^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation as directed for 
making Tincture Arnica Root (3440). 

The Br. P. directs Lobelia 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Proof Spirit 
to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The G. P. directs 1 part of Lobelia with 10 parts of diluted 
Alcohol. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 

The dose of the U. S. and Br. preparations is from 10 to 30 
minims. 

3507. Tinctura Lobeliae ^Etherea. Br. 

Ether ia I Tincture of Lobelia. 
Lobelia, in coarse powder, .... 2 l /i ounces av. 

Spirit of Ether (2971) 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional 
agitation, then strain, press, filter, and add sufficient Spirit of 
Ether to make 20 fl. ounces. 
Dose, 10 to 30 minims. 

3508. Tinctura Lupulinae. 

Tincture of Lupuliu. 
This was official in the 1S70 I'. S. I'., a- follows : 

Lupujin p;; ounces aw 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 



922 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 



Pack the Lupulin in a narrow cylindrical percolator and 
gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. 

Although this Tincture was omitted from the 1880 Phar- 
macopoeia, it will be frequently called for. It may be made 
by water-bath percolation in the same manner as other 
Tinctures. 

This must not be mistaken for the Br. official Tinctura 
Lupuli or Tincture of Hop. See Tinctura Humuli. 

3509. Tinctura Matico. 

Tincture of Matico. 
Matico, in No. 40 powder, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the Matico with 3 ounces of Diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Matico, in No. 40 powder, 3 ounces av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as directed for making Tincture Belladonna (3446). 

3510. Tinctura Moschi. 

Tincture of Musk. 

Musk 10 parts or 337 grains. 

Alcohol, 45 parts or 4}i fl. ounces. 

Water, 45 parts or 3^ fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make, 100 parts or 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Musk in a mortar, first with a little of the Water, 
until a smooth mixture is made, and then with the remainder 
of the Water ; transfer the whole to a bottle, add the Alcohol, 
and macerate the mixture for seven days, occasionally shaking 
the bottle, then filter through paper, adding through the filter 



TINCTUR.K — TINCTURES. 923 



enough diluted Alcohol to make the Tincture measure half a 
pint. U. S. 1880. 

As good grain Musk (which is to be used in this prepara- 
tion) is worth from §25.00 to $35.00 per ounce, it will be advis- 
able to touch this official very lightly. 

The G. P. directs Musk 1 part, diluted Alcohol, Water, each 
25 parts, made as above. 

351 1. Tinctura Myrrhae. 

Tincture of Myrrh. 
Myrrh, in No. 30 powder. 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix the powder with a pint and a half of Alcohol and mac- 
erate for seven days in a closed vessel, then filter through 
paper, adding through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 
pints of Tincture. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Myrrh, in No. 30 powder, . . . . $y 2 ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture in the same manner as directed for making 
Tincture Guaiac by water-bath percolation. 

The Br. P. directs Myrrh, in coarse powder, 2 l /> ounces av. 
with Rectified Spirit to make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture. 

The G. P. formula is Myrrh 1 part, Alcohol 5 parts, made by 
maceration. 

3512. Tinctura Nucis Vomicae. 

Tincture of Nux J "omica. 

\ m ■-. Vomica, in No. 60 

powder 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, / 1 re ■ 

each sufficient. 

Water, * 
Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion «>f s parts by 
weighl (19 tl. .Mm. .-si of Alcohol to 1 pari 12 fl.ounces) <>f 
Water; moisten the powder with 21 1 parts or 6 fl.ounces of the 
mixture .m. 1 macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
cylindrical percolator and gradually pour menstruum upon it 



024 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

until the Nux Vomica is exhausted. Reserve the first 90 parts 
of the percolate, evaporate the remainder to 10 parts, and mix 
with the reserved portion. Of this Tincture (which should 
measure about 2 pints), take any convenient number of parts, 
and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to dryness ; weigh 
the resulting extract, and, from its weight, calculate the quan- 
tity of dry extract contained in the 100 parts of Tincture; 
then dissolve the dried extract in the remainder of the Tinc- 
ture, and add enough of the above menstruum to make the 
product weigh so many parts that each 100 parts of Tincture 
shall contain 2 parts of dry extract. Lastly, mix thoroughly, 
and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 

The Tincture thus prepared should represent about 20 parts 
of Nux Vomica in 100 parts, and would, therefore, measure 
about 2 pints. 

Although the U. S. 1880 formula has the advantage of mak- 
ing a preparation of definite strength, it will be seldom used 
by the majority of druggists, because of the trouble and nicety 
of calculation required to obtain the percentage of dry 
extract. 

The 1880 preparation is only about jj, the strength of the 
1870, which was 8 tr.ounces of the drug to make 2 pints of 
Tincture, and the process of macerating with gentle heat, 
which was formerly employed, was of great advantage. 

A simple method of making this Tincture of the required 
strength is as follows : 

Extract of Nux Vomica, dry, ... 60 grains. 

Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 

Water, i}4 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Alcohol and Water and dissolve the extract in the 
mixture. 

The following formula will be found most expedient for 
exhausting the Nux Vomica, and is sufficiently accurate for all 
practical purposes: 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Nux Vomica, in No. 60 powder, . . ^ l / 2 ounces av. 

' \ each sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Water, ) r 



TIXCTUK.E — TINCTURES. 925 

Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 19 fl. ounces of 
Alcohol to 2 fl. ounces of Water, and, having moistened the 
Nux Vomica with 8 ounces of the mixture, macerate it for 24 
hours in a closed vessel in a warm place, then pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a half of 
menstruum and set in a warm place for two days ; then heat 
moderately, and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
menstruum to the drug, and continuing the heat and percola- 
tion until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 

The dose of this Tincture is 5 to 20 minims. 

The Br. P. formula is Extract of Nux Vomica 133 grains, 
distilled Water 4 fl. ounces, Rectified Spirit sufficient to make 
20 fl. ounces. One fl. ounce contains 1 grain of the alkaloids of 
Nux Vomica. The dose is 10 to 20 minims. 

The G. P., under the title Tinctura Strychnia directs Nux 
Vomica I part, diluted Alcohol io parts, to be made into a 
Tincture by maceration. The dose is 5 to 15 minims. 

3513. Tinctura Opii. 

Tincture of Opium {Laudanuni). 

As the U. S. 1870 and 1880 preparations are both used, the 
formulas are given : 

1870. 1880. 

Powd. Opium, 2-;^ ounces av. 10 parts or 3^ ounces av. 
Water, ... 16 fl. ounces. 40 parts or 1 2 ; 4 11. ounces. 
Alcohol, . . 16 fl. ounces. 40 parts or 15^ fl.ounces. 
Diluted Alco- 
hol, sufficient 
to make . . 2 pints. 100 parts or 2 pints. 

< For 1X70 direction see U. S. 1'. [870.) 
Rub the Opium in a mortar with the Water, previously 
heated to the temperature of 90 C. i \>>.\ F.), until a smooth 
mixture is made, and macerate for \i hours, then add the 
Alcohol, mix thoroughly, and transfer the whole to a conical 
dator; return to the percolator the firsl portion of perco- 
late until it bei omes clear, and, when the liquid ceases to drop, 
gradually pour on diluted Alcohol, continuing the percolation 
until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. I . S. [880. 



926 TINCTURiE — TINXTURES. 

Although powdered Opium is directed to be used in this as 
well as all other preparations of Opium, it has not heretofore 
been used by one druggist in a hundred. Two causes have 
tended to bring about this result ; first, the higher price of 
powdered Opium, and, second, its liability to sophistication, as 
it has been formerly furnished ; but now that powdered 
Opium, bearing the assay label of reliable houses, may be 
obtained, this excuse is no longer tenable. 

No process for making Tincture of Opium will be found so 
efficient and economical as the process of water-bath percolation. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

(1870 U. S. P. Standard.) 

Powdered Opium, 2^ ounces av. 

Water, I pint. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 

Mix the Opium with the Water previously heated to boiling, 
and macerate for 12 hours, then, having covered the perforated 
diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with coarse cloth, pour 
the mixture upon it; heat to about 8o° C. (176 F.) for two 
hours, then add the Alcohol and, after half an hour, begin to 
percolate, adding diluted Alcohol to the drug when the liquid 
has all disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. Lastly, 
after standing a day or two, filter through paper. 

If moist Opium is used instead of powdered, 3^ ounces av. 
may be used instead. It should be cut in small pieces and 
rubbed with hot water in a mortar to a uniform pasty mass, 
then macerated for 10 or 12 hours in a warm place, the Alco- 
hol added, and percolated either by the ordinary process or by 
water-bath percolation. 

If it is desired to make Tincture of Opium of the 1880 
strength by water-bath percolation, simply substitute the quan- 
tities mentioned in the 1880 formula and proceed as directed. 

Tincture of Opium is given as an anodyne in doses of 10 to 
30 minims. It is also used extensively for external application 
in liniments, etc. 



TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 927 

The Br. P. directs Opium, in powder, I y' 2 ounce with Proof 
Spirit sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces. Made by maceration. 
Dose, 5 to 40 minims. 

The G. P., under the title Tinctura Opii Simplex, directs 
Opium, in powder, 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, Water 5 
parts. To be made by maceration. 



3514. Tinctura Opii Acetata. 

Acctatcd Tincture of Opium. 

This preparation was official in the U. S. P. 1870, and is now 
occasionally called for. 

Powdered Opium 2 tr.ounces. 

Distilled Vinegar, 12 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 8 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Opium with the distilled Vinegar, then add the 
Alcohol and, having macerated for seven days, express and 
filter through paper. U. S. 1870. 

This Tincture is no longer official, and would not be here 
noticed except that it is sometimes called for, and the formula 
is convenient for reference. It has no advantages not pos- 
sessed by Vinegar of Opium, and two preparations so similar 
arc unnecessary. 



3515. Tinctura Opii Ammoniata. Br. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. 

Opium, in powder 100 grains. 

Saffron, cut small 180 grains. 

Benzoic Acid [80 grains. 

Oil of Anise 1 fl. drachm. 

Strong Solution of Ammonia 4 fl.ounces. 

Rectified Spirit, [6 fl.ounces. 

Macerate for seven days in a well-closed vessel, with occa- 
sional agitation, then strain, press, filter, and add sufficient 
Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl.ounces. 
The dose is 30 to 60 minims. 



928 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

3516. Tinctura Opii Benzoica. G. P. 

Benzoatcd Tincture of Opium — Paregoric Elixir. 

Opium, in powder I part. 

Oil of Anise, 1 part. 

Camphor, 2 parts. 

Benzoic Acid, 4 parts. 

Diluted Alcohol 192 parts. 

Prepare a Tincture by maceration. 

This is similar to the U. S. Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 
known as Paregoric, but contains a larger proportion of Cam- 
phor and Benzoic Acid. 

3517. Tinctura Opii Camphorata. 

CampJwrated Tincture of Opium — Paregoric. 

4 parts or 56 grains. 



4 parts or 56 grains. 
4 parts or 56 grains. 
4 parts or 1 fl. drachm. 
40 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 



Powdered Opium, 

Benzoic Acid, . 

Camphor, . . 

Oil of Anise, 

Glycerin, ... 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 1000 parts or 2 pints. 

Add 28 fl. ounces of diluted Alcohol to the other ingredients 
contained in a suitable vessel and macerate for seven days, 
frequently stirring, then filter through paper in a well-covered 
funnel and pass enough diluted Alcohol through the filter to 
make 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 

Sixty grains of powdered Extract of Liquorice added makes 
a darker and more desirable color. 

The following formula will be found very convenient for 
making Paregoric quickly or extemporaneously : 

RAPID PROCESS FOR MAKING PAREGORIC. 

Tincture of Opium (1870), . . . . i$4 fl. ounces. 

Benzoic Acid, 60 grains. 

Extract of Liquorice, powdered, . . 60 grains. 
Camphor, 40 grains. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 929 

Oil of Anise I fl. drachm. 

Glycerin, I fl. ounce. 

Alcohol 15 fl. ounces. 

Water 15 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Benzoic Acid, Camphor, and Oil of Anise in 
the Alcohol, mix the Glycerin, Tincture of Opium, and Water, 
and dissolve the Extract of Liquorice in the mixture; then 
mix the two solutions and, after standing a few hours, filter 
through paper. 

The dose is 20 to 60 minims or more. 

Tincturd CampJwrce Composita, Br., and Tinctura Opii Ben- 
zoica, G. P., are corresponding but dissimilar preparations. 

3518. Tinctura Opii Crocata. G. P. 

Tincture of Opium and Saffron — Sydenham's Laudanum. 

Opium, in powder, 30 parts. 

Saffron, 10 parts. 

Cloves, 2 parts. 

Cinnamon, 2 parts. 

Diluted Alcohol, 150 parts. 

Water, 150 parts. 

Prepare a Tincture by maceration. The dose is 5 to 20 
minims. 

This is the same strength of Opium as the official Tincture 
Opium. 

3519. Tinctura Opii Deodorata. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 

1 870. 1 880. 

Powd. Opium, 2^ ounces av. 10 parts or ,V 4 ounces av. 

Ether, . . . 8 fl. ounces. 20 parts or 8j^ fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, . . 8 fl.ounces. 20 parts or 8 fl.ounces. 
Water, sufficient 

to make . . 2 pints. [ 00 parts or 2 pints. 

kul. the Opium in a mortar with [ 2 ounces of Water, grad- 
ually added, until thoroughly softened, and macerate for [2 
hours; then express, and repeal the operation twice, using the 



930 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

same amount of Water each time ; mix the expressed liquids, 
evaporate the mixture to 3^ ounces and, when it has cooled, 
shake it repeatedly with the Ether in a bottle, When the 
etherial solution has separated, by standing, pour it off and 
evaporate the remaining liquids until all traces of Ether have 
disappeared ; mix the residue with a pint of Water and filter 
the mixture through paper. When the liquid has ceased to 
pass, add enough Water through the filter to make the filtered 
liquid measure a pint and a half. Lastly, add the Alcohol and 
mix them. U. S. 1880. 

The directions for making are essentially the same in both 
revisions. The proportion of Opium is the same as in the 
ordinary Tincture of Opium. 

A method of making Deodorized Tincture of Opium, in 
which Petrolatum is used instead of Ether for separating the 
objectionable properties, has recently been proposed by E. 
Rother (A. J. P., February, 1883). If this process is rightly and 
carefully conducted it will be attended with good results, but 
it requires more care and attention than druggists usually 
bestow upon it. 

The following formula will be found the most expedient and 
economical of any that has been proposed. The Opium may 
be exhausted either by water-bath percolation, or as the Phar- 
macopoeia directs, but the water-bath process is to be preferred. 



3520. Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 

Fenner's Improved Process. 

(1870 U. S. P. Standard.) 

Powdered Opium 2}( ounces av. 

Alcohol 8 fl. ounces. 

Gasoline (Petroleum Ether), 8 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Mix the Opium with 12 ounces of hot Water and macerate for 12 hours; 
having covered the perforated diaphragm of the water-bath percolator with 
burlap or coarse cloth, pour the mixture upon it and heat it for four hours to 
about 85 C. (185 F.), then begin to percolate slowly, adding Water to ihe 
drug, and continuing the heat and percolation until a pint and a half has 
passed, or until the drug is exhausted ; evaporate this percolate to 6 fl. ounces 
and, when cool, mix it in a quart bottle with the Gasoline and shake it violently 
and frequently during 12 hours; then, having inserted a small plug of cotton 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 931 

in the neck, and stopped the lower orifice of a glass funnel with a cork, pour 
the mixture in it and allow it to stand an hour to separate ; then loosen the 
cork so that the lower stratum of liquid may be drawn off, and allow the 
tarry matter and the supernatant Gasoline to remain in the funnel ; evapo- 
rate from the drawn-off liquid thus obtained (which is the depurated solution 
of Opium) all traces of Gasoline, mix it with a pint of Water and filter, pass- 
ing through the filter sufficient Water to make a pint and a half of the fil- 
tered liquid ; to this add the Alcohol and, after standing a few days, filter 
through paper. 

As thus prepared the Tincture contains the full strength of the Opium, 
deprived of its noxious and objectionable properties. The Gasoline is more 
efficient than the Ether for the purpose required and is entirely inexpensive. 

If it is desired to make this Tincture of the 1880 strength, substitute the 
proportions of the 1880 formula. 

3521. Tinctura Pimpinellae. G. P. 

Tincture of Pimpinel. 

Pimpinel Root, . . . ; 1 part. 

Diluted Alcohol, 5 parts. 

Make a Tincture by maceration. 



3522. Tinctura Physostigmatis. 

Tincture of Calabar Beau. 

Physostigma, in No. 40 

powder 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. U. S. [880. 

MADE BY w Al ER-BA III PERI 1 >] A.TION. 

Calabar Bean, in No. 40 powder. . . 2\, ounces aw 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner a- i- dire* ted lor making Tinctura I relsemii 1 3484 1. 
This is a narcotic sedative, used for neuralgia, etc. The 

dose is 10 to 30 minims. 



932 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 

3523. Tinctura Podophylli. Br. 

Tincture of Podophyllum {Resin). 

Resin of Podophyllum, 160 grains or 1 part. 
Rectified Spirit, ... 20 fi. ounces or 54.68 fl. parts. 
Dissolve and filter. It contains 1 grain of the Resin in 1 
fl. drachm. The dose is 15 to 60 minims. 

Care should be taken not to be misled by the title of this 
formula as an unofficial Tincture of Podophyllum (Mandrake 
Root) is sometimes used. 

3524. Tinctura Pyrethri. 

Tincture of Pyrethrum (Pellitory). 
Pyrethrum, in No. 40 powder, 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Pellitory, in No. 40 powder, ... 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as is directed for making Tinctura Cimicifugae (3467). 
The Br. P. directs Pellitory Root 4 ounces with Rectified 
Spirit to make 20 fi. ounces of the Tincture. 

35 2 5- Tinctura Quassiae. 

Tincture of Quassia. 
Quassia, in No. 40 powder,. to parts or 3 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 pints 
of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 



TINCTURE — TIN'CTURES. 933 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Quassia, in No. 40 powder, .... 3 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . 2 pints. 
Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
ner as is directed for making- Tincture Arnica Root. 

The Br. P. directs Quassia Wood, in chips, ^ ounce av. to 
be macerated for seven days with Proof Spirit sufficient to 
make 20 fi. ounces. It is only about one third the strength 
of the U. S. preparation. 

Tincture of Quassia is a bitter stomachic, the dose of the 
U. S. being 15 to 60 minims. 

3526. Tinctura Quininae. Br. 

Tincture of Quinine. 

Hydrochlorate of Quinine, 160 grains. 

Tincture of Orange Peel, 20 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Hydrochlorate of Quinine in the Tincture with 
the aid of a little heat, then allow the solution to remain in a 
closed vessel for three days, shaking it occasionally, and after- 
wards filter. 

The dose is l / 2 to 2 fl. drachms, a fl. drachm containing 1 grain 
of the Quinine salt. 

A Tincture may be made from any other salt of Quinine by 
using the same quantity of the salt with 20 fl. ounces of 
Tincture of Orange Peel, or by dissolving 40 minims of Oil of 
Orange in 10 fl. ounces of Alcohol, and adding the Quinine 
salt, dissolving, then adding 10 fl. ounces of Water. 

3527. Tinctura Quininae Ammoniata. Br. 

Ammoniated Tincture of Quinine, 

Sulphate of Quinine 160 grains. 

Solution of Ammonia J 1 ., fl. ounces. 

Proof Spirit 1 7 ' _• fl.ounces. 

Dissolve the Quinine salt in the Proof Spirit by the aid of a 
little heat and add the Solution of Ammonia. 

A fl. drachm contains 1 grain of the Quinine salt. The dose 
is x / z to 2 fl. drachms. 



934 TINCTU RJE — TINCTURES. 

3528. Tinctura Rhei. 

Tincture of RJmbarb. 

Rhubarb, 12 parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Cardamom, in fine powder, 2 parts or 270 grains. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Rhubarb and Cardamom and reduce the mixture to 
a moderately coarse (No. 40) powder, moisten the powder with 
4 ounces of diluted Alcohol and macerate for 24 hours, then 
pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour 
diluted Alcohol upon.it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
U. S. 1880. 

This may also be made from the same ingredients, by water- 
bath percolation, as directed for making Tincture Arnica Root. 

The Br. P. directs Rhubarb Root, in No. 20 powder, 2 
ounces av., Cardamom, Coriander, Saffron, each, bruised, % 
ounce av., with Proof Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Rhubarb is given as a stomachic in doses of 
1 to 2 fl. drachms, and as a purgative in doses of y 2 to 1 fl. ounce. 

3529. Tinctura Rhei Aquosa. G. P. 

Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb, 100 parts. 

Borate of Sodium (Borax), 10 parts. 

Pure Carbonate of Sodium, 10 parts. 

Water, 900 parts. 

Cinnamon Water, 150 parts. 

Alcohol, 90 parts. 

Heat the Water to boiling, pour it upon the coarsely-cut 
Rhubarb (freed from powder), the Borate of Sodium and Car- 
bonate of Potassium, and allow them to digest in a closed 
vessel for a quarter of an hour, then add the Alcohol and set 
the mixture aside for one hour. Now strain the mixture 
through a woolen cloth and express gently the undissolved 
portion. Finally, add the Cinnamon Water in the proportion 
of 150 parts to 850 parts of the strained liquid. 

The dose of this Tincture is 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a laxative. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 035 

3530. Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. 

Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb — Spiced Tincture of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb 20 parts or 6^4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon 4 parts or 1 ^ ounces av. 

Cloves, 4 parts or 1 ' + ounces av. 

Nutmeg 2 parts or 2j' : grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, suffi- 
cient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix the Rhubarb, Cinnamon, Cloves, and Nutmeg and. 
reduce the mixture to a moderately coarse powder, moisten 
the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U- S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

From the same ingredients as directed make a Tincture by 
water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
making Tinctura Aurantii Amari 13445). 

This is given for diarrhoea of children especially, acting first 
as a purgative, then as an astringent. The dose is a teaspoon- 
ful to a tablespoonful. 

3531. Tinctura Rhei Dulcis. 

Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. 

Rhubarb 8 parts or 2^4 ounces av. 

Liquorice (Root), . . 4 parts or [jS^ ounces av. 

Anise 4 parts or 1 ' + ounces av. 

Cardamom 1 part or [36 grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, suffici- 
ent to make . . . [00 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix the Rhubarb, Liquorice, Anise, and Cardamom ard 
reduce them to a moderately coarse (No. 40) powder, mi 
the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
ni.K erate for 2 1 hour., then pat k it firmly in .1 cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 100 
or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. I . S. [880. 



936 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

From the same ingredients as directed make a Tincture by 
water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
making Tincture of Arnica Root (3440). 

This is a weak, pleasant Tincture of Rhubarb, generally 
given to children in doses of a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3532. Tinctura Rhei et Sennae. 

Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. 
Although this Tincture has been dismissed from the present 
revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia it is still considerably 
used. It was formerly known as Warner s Gout Cordial, and 
has been an officinal preparation for many generations. Why 
it should be dismissed and other much less frequently used 
preparations retained is not apparent. The following is the 
formula: 

Rhubarb, in moderately coarse powder, 480 
Senna, in moderately coarse powder, . 
Coriander, in moderately coarse powder, 
Fennel, in moderately coarse powder, 
Liquorice Extract, in moderately coarse 

powder, . . . • 

Raisins, deprived of their seeds, . . 

Diluted Alcohol, 

Macerate for seven days, express, and filter through paper. 
The dose is a teaspoonful as a laxative. 

3533- Tinctura Rhei Vinosa. G. P. 

Vinous Tincture of Rhubarb. 
This preparation should properly be included with the 
Wines instead of the Tinctures, but is classed as above in 
the G. P. 

Rhubarb, 8 parts. 

Orange Peel, 2 parts. 

Cardamom, 1 part. 

Sherry Wine, 100 parts. 

Sugar, a sufficient quantity. 



l8o 


grains. 


20 


grains. 


60 


grains. 


60 


grains. 


30 


grains. 


6% 


ounces av. 


3 


pints. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 937 

Make a Tincture by maceration and expression and in the 
filtered liquid obtained dissolve one seventh of its weight of 
Sugar. The dose is 2 to 4 fl. drachms or more. 

3534. Tinctura Sabinae. Br. 

Tincture of Savine. 

Savine Tops, coarsely powdered, . . 2)4 ounces av. 

Proof Spirit 20 fl. ounces. 

Make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture by maceration and per- 
colation. 



3535- Tinctura Sanguinariae. 

Tincture of Sanguinaria (Bloodroof). 

Sanguinaria, in Xo. 60 powder, 15 parts or 4^5 ounces av. 

Alcohol, / , «• . . 

• each sufficient. 
Water, j 

Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts < by 
weight), or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol with 1 part (by weight |, or 
10 fl. ounces of Water, moisten the powder with 3 ounces of 
the mixture and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in 
a cylindrical percolator and gradually pour the menstruum 
upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. (J. S. [880. 

maim: by w.vi er-bath perc< >la rn in. 
Bloodroot, in No. 60 powder, . . . 4^3 ounces av. 
Alcohol 24 fl.ounces. 

Water IO tl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficienl to make 2 pints. 

Mix the Alcohol and Water, moisten the powder with 4 
ounces of the mixture and macerate for 24 hours in a closed 
vessel, transfer it to the water-bath percolator, pack firmly, 
poui upon it the remainder of the menstruum and set in .1 
warm place for two days, then lu-.it moderately and, after one 
hour, begin to percolate; when the liquid has all disappeared 
from the surface of the drug add sufficienl diluted Alcohol, 



938 TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 



through the percolator, to make the Tincture measure 2 pints. 
Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 

This is given as a stimulating expectorant and tonic in doses 
of 10 to 30 minims. 

3536. Tinctura Saponis Viridis. 

Tincture of Green Soap. 

Green Soap, 65 parts or 10 ounces av. 

Oil of Lavender, ... 2 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 1 pint. 
Mix the Soap and the Oil of Lavender with 33 parts or 6 
fl. ounces of Alcohol and let the mixture macerate until the 
Soap is dissolved, then filter through paper, adding Alcohol 
through the filter until 100 parts or 1 pint of Tincture is 
obtained. U. S. 1880. 

This preparation may be quickly made by heating the ingre- 
dients together in the water-bath percolator until the Soap is 
dissolved and then drawing off the liquid. 

3537- Tinctura Scillae. 

Tincture of Squill. 
Squill, in No. 30 powder, . 15. parts or 4^ ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient 

to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 6 ounces of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours, then pack it moderately in a conical 
percolator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-HATH PERCOLATION. 

This may be made by water-bath percolation in the same 
manner as Tincture of Belladonna. 

The Br. P. directs Squill 2]/ 2 ounces av., Proof Spirit to make 
20 fl. ounces. Made as the U. S. preparation. 

The G. P. directs Squill 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts, 
made by maceration. 

Tincture of Squill is diuretic and expectorant. The dose is 
10 to 30 minims. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 939 

353^- Tinctura Senegae. Br. 

Tincture of Senega. 

Senega Root, in Xo. 40 powder, . . 2 l / 2 ounces av. 
Proof Spirit, to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Senega for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
Spirit, percolate and add Spirit through the percolator to make 
20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

It may also be made by water-bath percolation. 

This is a tonic expectorant. The dose is ^ to 2 fl. drachms. 

3539- Tinctura Sennas. Br. 

Tincture of Senna — Compound Tincture of Senna. 

Senna, broken small 2]/ 2 ounces av. 

Raisins, freed from seeds 2 ounces av. 

Caraway Fruit (Seeds), bruised, . . l / 2 ounce av. 

Coriander Fruit 1 Seeds 1, bruised, . x /> ounce av. 

Proof Spirit, to make 20 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the ingredients for 48 hours in 15 fl. ounces of the 
Spirit, then percolate, adding sufficient Spirit through the per- 
colator to produce 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the 
same manner as is directed for Tincture Belladonna. 

This preparation was formerly known as Elixir Salutis. It 
is an excellent laxative in doses of a tablespoonful or more. 

3540. Tinctura Serpentariae. 

Tincture of Scrpcntaria — Tincture of Serpeutary. 

Serpentaria, in No. 40 powder, io parts or 3 ounces av. 
Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to 

make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 3 ounces. .f diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hour-, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical per- 
colator and gradually pour diluted Alcohol upon it until 2 
pint- of Tincture are obtained. U.S. [880. 



940 TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
'With the same ingredients make a Tincture by water-bath 
percolation as directed for making Tincture of Arnica Root 

(3440). 

The Br. P. directs Serpentary 2]/ 2 ounces, Proof Spirit to 
make 20 fl. ounces. Made by maceration and percolation as 
directed in the preceding. 

The dose is J / 2 to 2 fl. drachms as a stimulant and diaphoretic. 

3541. Tinctura Sumbul. 

Tincture of Sumbul. ^ 

Sumbul, in No. 30 powder, 10 parts or 2^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 10 parts or 3 fl. ounces of Alcohol 
and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
percolator and gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 100 parts 
or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Sumbul, in No. 30 powder, .... 2^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture in the same manner as directed for making 
Tincture of Gelsemium. 

The Br. P. directs Sumbul 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Rectified 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

This is used as a nervine in doses of 10 to 30 minims. 

3542. Tinctura Tolutana. 

Tincture of Tolu. 

U. S. 1870. 

Balsam of Tolu, 3^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Macerate the Balsam with the Alcohol until it is dissolved, 
then filter through paper. 

This Tincture contains a larger proportion of Tolu than the 
U. S. 1880 preparation, and should be used when it is desired 
to make Syrup of Tolu by the U. S. 1870 formula. 



TINCTURiE — TINCTURES. 941 

U. S. I 88c. 

Balsam of Tolu, 2^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Add the Balsam of Tolu to. 30 fl. ounces of Alcohol and 
macerate until dissolved, then filter through paper, adding 
through the filter enough Alcohol to make 2 pints. 

Both the 1870 and 1880 formulas are given, as the former is 
still used for making the former official Syrup of Tolu. 

This Tincture may be quickly made by the aid of heat. The 
Balsam and the Alcohol may be put together in a bottle and 
macerated in a water-bath until the Balsam is dissolved. 

The Br. P. directs Balsam of Tolu 2y 2 ounces av. with suf- 
ficient Rectified Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The dose is from 20 to 40 minims. 

3543- Tinctura Valerianae. 

Tincture of Valerian. 

Valerian, in No. 60 powder, 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 

Water, ) make .... 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts (by 
weight) or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol to 1 part or 10 fl. ounces of 
Water; moisten the powder with 15 parts or 5 ounces of the 
mixture and macerate for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a 
cylindrical percolator and gradually pour menstruum upon it 
until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Valerian, in No. 50 powder 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, / 
Water, I 

Mix Alcohol and Water as above and make a Tincture by 
water-bath percolation in the same manner as directed for 
making Tincture Calumba. 

The Br. P. directs Valerian Root 2]/> ounces av. with Proof 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of the Tincture by maceration and 

percolation. 



each sufficient to make . . 2 pints. 



942 TIXCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 

The G. P. directs Valerian i part with diluted Alcohol 5 
parts, to be made by maceration. 

Tincture of Valerian is given as a nervine, the dose being 1 
to 2 fl. drachms. 

3544. Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata. 

Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. 

Valerian, 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 

sufficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Aromatic Spirit of 
Ammonia and macerate for 24 hours in a closed vessel, then 
pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator and gradually 
pour Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia upon it until 2 pints of 
Tincture are obtained. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P. directs Valerian Root 2]/ 2 ounces av. with Aro- 
matic Spirit of Ammonia to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture by 
maceration. 

This is used as a stimulant and nervine, the dose being 30 
to 60 minims. 

3545. Tinctura Valerianae ^therea. G. P. 

Etkerial Tincture of Valerian. 

Valerian, 1 part. 

Spirit of Ether, 5 parts. 

Prepare a Tincture by maceration. The dose is 20 to 60 
minims. 

3546. Tinctura Vanillae. 

Tincture of Vanilla. 

Vanilla, cut small and bruised, . 10 parts or 3 ounces av. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, ... 20 parts or 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, ) each sufficient to 

Water, \ make 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 2 parts (by 

weight) or 24 fl. ounces of Alcohol to I part or 10 fl. ounces of 

Water, macerate the Vanilla in 50 parts or 1 pint of this mix- 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 943 

ture for 12 hours, then drain off the liquid and set it aside. 
Transfer the Vanilla to a mortar, beat it with the Sugar into a 
uniform powder, then pack it in a percolator and pour upon it 
the reserved liquid; when this has disappeared from the sur- 
face gradually pour on menstruum and continue the percola- 
tion until 100 parts or 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. U. S. 

1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

Vanilla, cut small and bruised, ... 3 ounces av. 

Sugar, granulated 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, I each sufficient to make _ _ 2 ints 

W ater, * 
Mix Alcohol and Water in the proportion of 24 fl. ounces of 
Alcohol to 10 fl. ounces of Water, moisten the Vanilla with 3 
ounces of the mixture and macerate in a closed vessel for 24 
hours, transfer it to a mortar and beat it thoroughly with the 
Sugar until it is reduced to a coarse powder, pack this very 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it about a pint 
and a half of the menstruum and set in a warm place for two 
days, then heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to 
percolate, adding the menstruum to the drug and continuing 
the heat and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 
Lastly, after standing a few days, filter through paper. 

This Tincture may be used as a flavoring extract but is 
stronger than is usually sold for that purpose. Formula' for 
flavoring extracts of Vanilla will be found on pages 419 
and 420. 

3547. Tinctura Veratri Viridis. 

Tincture of Veratrum Viride [American Hellebore?) 

Veratrum Viride, in No. 
60 powder 50 parts or n'_. ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 100 pails or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 5 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 
gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. V . S. [8 

The dose is 3 to 10 minims. 



944 TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 



MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 
Veratrum Viride, in No. 50 powder, 14^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Make a Tincture by water-bath percolation in the same man- 
ner as is directed for making Tincture of Aconite Root (3432). 

This Tincture is made to take the place of Norwood's Tinc- 
ture of Veratrum Viride, which has become popular on account 
of its reliability. The original Norwood's Tincture is made 
from the green root of the American Hellebore and is probably 
superior to any preparation made from the dried root. This 
Tincture may be prepared from the green root in the same way 
as is directed for making Tinctures Herbarum Recentium, which 
see. 

The Br. P. formula directs green Hellebore, Rhizome, in 
No. 40 powder, 4 ounces av. with Rectified Spirit sufficient to 
make 20 fi. ounces of Tincture, by maceration and percolation. 
(Although this is called Tincture of Green Hellebore, the adjec- 
tive relates to the color, and not the green or recent root, as is 
directed for making Norwood's Tincture. See above.) 

This is only about one third the strength of the U. S. prep- 
aration. The dose is 5 to 20 minims. 

The G. P. formula is White Hellebore 1 part, diluted Alco- 
hol 10 parts, being only about one sixth as strong as the U. S. 
and one half as strong as the Br. 

Tincture of Veratrum is used as an arterial sedative in 
fevers, delirium, etc. 

3548. Tinctura Zingiberis. 

Tincture of Ginger. 
As there is considerable difference in the U. S. 1870 and 
1880 preparations, both are given. 

1870. 1880. 

Ginger, in No. 40 

powder, . . 8^ ounces av. 20 parts or 5^ ounces av. 
Alcohol, suffici- 
ent to make . 2 pints. 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Moisten the Ginger with 2 ounces of Alcohol and macerate 
for 24 hours, then pack it firmly in a cylindrical percolator and 



TINCTUR/E — TINCTURES. 945 

gradually pour Alcohol upon it until 2 pints of Tincture are 
obtained. U. S. 1880. 

MADE BY WATER-BATH PERCOLATION. 

(1880 U. S. P. Standard.) 

Ginger, in Xo. 40 powder 5.^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make .... 2 pints. 

Moisten the Ginger with 4 ounces of Alcohol and pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it a pint and a 
half of Alcohol and set in a warm place for two days, then 
heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate 
slowly, adding Alcohol to the drug and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 2 pints of Tincture are obtained. 

The Alcohol remaining in the drug after percolation may be 
recovered by distillation. 

The Br. P. gives two formulas, one of the same title as the 
U. S., which is made with Ginger, Rhizome, 2)^ ounces av., 
with Rectified Spirit sufficient to make 20 fl. ounces, made by 
maceration and percolation. The other is called Tinctura Zin- 
gibcris Forticr or Strong Tincture of Ginger, and is made with 
Ginger 10 ounces av., percolated with sufficient Rectified 
Spirit to make 20 fl. ounces of Tincture. 

The G. P. directs Ginger 1 part, diluted Alcohol 5 parts. 

Tincture of Ginger is a warm stimulant, the dose being from 
10 to 60 minims of the LJ. S. 1880 preparation. 

Unofficial Tinctures. 

The 1 Tinctures are those official in the leading 

pharmacopoeias ; besides these are many other Tinctures which 
are or have been popular, and which are more or less called 
for, the principal ones Wring made by the formulae which fol- 
low, which are arranged in classes as much as possible to avoid 
repel ition : 

SIMPLE TINCTURES. 

3550. Tinctures Containing 10 per cent, of the Drug, 
be made by the following general general formula: 
Take of the drug, in powderoi thepropei fineness, 1 part or 1 ounce. 
The menstruum, ;i sufficient quantity to make to parts or io fl.ounceSi 



946 



TINCTUR/E — TINCTU RES. 



Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it 
and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer to a water-bath 
percolator, add sufficient menstruum to well cover it and heat moderately ; 
after one hour begin to percolate, adding more of the menstruum and con- 
tinuing the percolation slowly until 10 parts or 10 rl. ounces are obtained. 
The ordinary process of cold percolation may be employed but does not pro- 
duce so satisfactory preparations. Some Tinctures are best prepared by 
maceration altogether. They are designated with a *. 

The following Tinctures are prepared after this formula and represent 
about 10 per cent, of the drug : 

UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TEN PER CENT. 



Tincture Prepared From. 



3551 
3552 
3553 
3554 
3555 
3556 
3557 
3553 
3559 
356o 
356i 
3562 
3563 
3564 
3565 
3566 
3567 
3568 
356q 



Ailanthus 

* Ambergris 

Balm Gilead or Poplar Buds.. 

* Balsam Copaiba 

-'Balsam Fir 

Canella 

Chamomile (Anthemis) 

Cocculus Indicus(F ish Berries) 

Conium 

Delphinum (Staphisagria). . . . 

*Euphorbium 

*Galbanum 

Geranium (Cranesbill) 

Gold Thread (Coptis Trif.) . . 

Horse Chestnut 

*Lactucarium 

*Oxgall 

Pareira Brava 

Rhododendon (Laurel) 



Bark 



Buds 

Balsam 

Balsam 

Bark 

Flowers. . . . 

Fruit 

Leaves 

Seed 

Gum 

Gum 

Root 

Root 

Bark 

Insp. Juice. 
Inspissated . 
Rhizome . . . 
Leaves 



Diluted 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Diluted 
Alcohol 
Diluted 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 



Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 



Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 



Yz to 2 fi.drs. 
For perfume. 
Yz to 1 ti.dr. 
1 to 2 fi.drs. 
1 to 2 fi.drs. 

1 to 4 fi.drs. 
Yz to 2 fl.drs. 

2 to 20 m. 
Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
External. 
External. 

1 to 3 fi.drs. 
Yz to 2 fi.drs. 
Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
Yz to 1 fl.dr. 
20 to 60 m. 
r to 2 fl.drs. 
1 to 2 fl drs. 
Yz to 1 fl.dr. 



3570. Tinctures Containing 15 per cent, of the Drug. 

These may be made by the following general formula : 

Take of the drug, in proper fineness for 

percolation 2 parts or 2 ounces av. 

The menstruum, sufficient to make . . .14 parts or 14 fl. ounces. 

Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it 
and macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer it to the water-bath 
percolator, add menstruum to cover it, heat moderately and, after one hour, 
begin to percolate, adding menstruum to the drug and continuing the perco- 
lation until 14 parts or 14 fl. ounces of the percolate is obtained. 

These may be made by ordinary percolation, but the product is not so sat- 
isfactory. Some preparations are better made by maceration than percola- 
tion ; such are designated with a *. 



TIXCTUR/E — TINCTURE; 



947 



UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES— FIFTEEN PER CENT 



Tincture Prepared From. 



3571 
3572 
3573 
3574 
3575 
3576 
3577 
3578 
3579 
35SO 
3581 
35S2 
3583 
3584 
3585 
3^S6 



'Amber 

Blessed Thistle (Carduus)... . 
Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum). 

Cloves, Carophylles 

Cochineal* (Coccus) 

Dracontium (Skunk Cabbage) 

Galangal (Catarrh Root) 

'Guarana 

Hedge Hyssop (Cratiola). . . . 

Hellebore 

■ Monesia (Chrysophyllum). . . . 

Musk Seed (Ambrette) 

Pulsatilla (Anemone) 

Rhus Toxicodend. (Pois. Oak) 

Vittie-Vayr 

Zedoaria 



Resin 



Root 

Flow, heads 

Whole 

Root 

Rhizome . .. 
Extract. . . . 

Plant 

Root 

Extract. . . . 

Seed 

Plant 

Plant 

Root 

Root 



Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Alcohol 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
1 Hinted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 
Diluted 



Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol . 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 
Alcohol. 



y z to 1 fl.dr. 
r to 2 fl.drs. 
1 to 2 fl.drs. 
1 to 2 fl.drs. 
Coloring. 
1 to 4 fl.drs. 
y z to r fl.dr. 
1 to 2 fl.drs. 
1 to 2 fl.drs. 
y z to I fl.dr. 
y 2 to 2 fl drs. 
'_. to 1 fl.dr. 
10 to 40 m. 
5 to 40 m. 
15 to 30 m. 
V, to 1 fl.dr. 



3588. Tinctures Containing- 20 per cent, of the Drug - . 

These may be made by the following general formula : 

Take of the drug, in proper fineness for 

percolation 3 parts or 3 ounces av. 

The menstruum, sufficient to make . .15 parts or 15 ll. ounces. 

Moisten the drug with a portion of the menstruum sufficient to cover it and 
macerate for 24 hours in a warm place, then transfer to the water-bath per- 
colator, add menstruum sufficient to well cover the drug, heat moderately 
and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding menstruum to the drug and 
continuing the percolation until 15 parts or 15 ll. ounces of the percolate is 
obtained. 

These may be made by ordinary cold percolation but the product is not so 
satisfactory. Some preparations are better made by maceration than perco- 
lation ; such are designated with a *. 



UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TWENTY PER CENT. 



3589 
359° 
359' 
3592 
3593 
3594 
3595 
359" 
3597 



Tincture Prepared From. 



Alkanet or Aucfausa Root Ucohol Coloi IDg 

Angostura r.ark I Hinted Alcohol . 1 to 3 B.drs. 

Araiia Spinosa (Prickly Elder) Bark Dilated Alcohol. 10 to 60 m. 

Arbor Vita (Thuja) Fresh twigs. . Alcohol i to 4 tl.ilrs. 

Aspidosperma (Quebracho).. . Bark Alcohol 1 to 2 ll.drs. 

^Balsam Peru Balsam Alcohol 5 to 30 m. 

Baptisia (Wild Indigo) Root \lcohol I 5 to DO m. 

Blue Flag (Iris Versicolor).. .Root Alcohol 5 to 15 m. 

Boldo I Leaves A lcohol 51040m. 



948 TINCTUR.E — TINCTURES. 



UNOFFICIAL TINCTURES — TWENTY PER CENT.— Continued. 



Tincture Prepared From. 



359SJ Castor Oil Beans (Ricinus). . .Fruit j Alcohol 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

3599 Contrayerva Root Alcohol ' l / 2 to 1 fl.dr. 

3600 1 Corydalis (Turkey Corn) .... Tubers Diluted Alcohol.:^ to 2 fl.dr. 

3601 Coto Bark Alcohol 15 to 75 m. 

3602 Croton Seed Fruit I Alcohol 5 to 15 m. 

3603 Culver's Root (Leptandra). . .jRoot Diluted Alcohol. ^ to 2 fl.drs. 

3604 1 Elecampane Root Diluted Alcohol. l / 2 to 2 fl.drs. 

3605 Erigeron (Fleabane) [Plant Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

3606' Eucalyptus [Leaves Alcohol 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

3607 Guaiacum Wood Wood Diluted Alcohol . 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

360S Kamala, Rottlera Glands Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

3609 * Mastic I Resin Alcohol For cement. 

3610 Matico Leaves Diluted Alcohol. 1 to 2 fl.drs. 

361 1 Orris (Iris Florentina) Rhizome . . . .jDiluted Alcohol. Perfume. 

3612 Phytolacca or Poke 'Berries or root Diluted Alcohol. 20 to 60 m. 

3613 *Red Gum Gum Alcohol 20 to 40 m. 

3614 Rose (Red Rose) Petals Diluted Alcohol. Flavoring. 

3615 Rosemary Tops Sp. of Rosemary Flavoring. 

3616 Saponaria or Quillaya Bark Diluted Alcohol. Emulsions. 

3617 *Scammony j Resin Alcohol , l / 2 to 1 fl.dr. 

3618 Stillingia [Root Diluted Alcohol. 10 to 40 m. 



COMPOUND AND UNCLASSIFIED TINCTURES. 

3619. Tincture Absinthium Compound — Swedish.— Blessed Thistle, 
Orange Berries, Galangal Root, each l / 2 ounce aw. Wormwood 1 ounce, 
diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 16 fl.ounces. Dose, 1 to 3 A. drachms. 

3620. Tincture Acetate of Copper, Rademacher's.— Acetate of Cop- 
per in crystals, 154 grains. Dissolve in warm Water 4 flounces and add 2^ 
fl.ounces of Alcohol. Dose, 2 to 5 minims. 

3621. Tincture of Aloes, Alkaline — Swedish. — Aloes y 2 ounce, Liquor- 
ice Extract \y 2 drachms. Cinnamon Water 8 ounces, diluted Alcohol 8 
fl.ounces, Carbonate of Sodium 1 ounce. Digest and strain. Dose, 1 to 4 
fl. drachms. 

3622. Tincture Amber Alkaline. — Rub 2 ounces of Amber with Car- 
bonate of Potassium sufficient to make a soft, pasty mass, dry this and digest 
it in 16 ounces of Alcohol for 7 days, then filter. Dose, 20 to 30 drops. 

3623. Tincture Ammonia Compound. — Mastic 120 grains, Alcohol 9 
fl.ounces, digest until dissolved, add Oil of Lavender 14 drops, filter and mix 
well with 20 fl.ounces stronger Water of Ammonia. This is used as an 
antacid, antispasmodic, and stimulant. Aqua Lucia or Eau de Luce is 
made by adding to this 4 drops Oil of Amber. This is given and applied for 
snake bites, stings of insects, etc. The dose is 10 to 20 drops in water. 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 949 

3624. Tincture Ammonio-Chloride of Iron. — Chloride of Iron and Am- 
monium i ounce, distilled Water and diluted Alcohol, each 5 fl. ounces. Dis- 
solve. Dose 20 to 60 minims. 

3625. Tincture Antiscorbutic — (Paris Codex). — Fresh Horseradish 
Root 8 ounces, Black Mustard Seed 4 ounces, Muriate of Ammonia 2 ounces, 
diluted Alcohol 17 fl. ounces, Compound Syrup of Scurvygrass iS tl. ounces. 
Macerate 10 days. Dose, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

3626. Tincture Ants — Tint turn Formicarum. — This was formerly offi- 
cial in the Ph. G. and was prepared from ants recently collected, cleaned, and 
bruised, 2 parts or ounces, Alcohol 3 parts or ounces, by weight. Macerated 
8 days. 

3627. Tincture Astringent —Dr. Copeland's.— Catechu % ounce, Myrrh 
y 2 ounce, Peruvian Bark % ounce, Balsam Peru 1 % drachm, Spirit of Horse- 
radish 1% ounce, Alcohol 12 fl. ounces. Mix, digest, and, after standing, fil- 
ter. This is used for spongy gums, etc. 

3628. Tincture Bloodroot Acetous— Tinctura Sanguinarice Acetata 
Composita. — This is an Eclectic preparation, called also Acetous Emetic. 
Bloodroot, Lobelia. Skunk Cabbage Root, each 2 ounces, distilled Vinegar 2 
pints, Alcohol 2 ll.ounces. Macerate and percolate the drugs with the Vine- 
gar and add the Alcohol. In small doses it is an excellent expectorant; in 
doses of a teaspoonful it is an tmetic. Repeat if necessary. 

3629. Tincture Bloodroot Compound — Tinctura Sanguinarice Compos- 
ita. — This is made the same as the above except that diluted Alcohol is used 
instead of Vinegar. The uses and dose are the same. 

3630. Tincture Cactus — Tincture of Night Blooming Cereus. — The 
fresh (lowers and stems of Cactus Grandiflora cut in small pieces and bruised, 
5 ounces, Alcohol. 1 pint. Macerate for two weeks with occasional agitation, 
then filter. A Saturated Tincture maybe made by preparing the fresh (low- 
ers as directed and adding sufficient Alcohol to just cover them. This is 
usually sold as fluid Extract of Cactus. The dose of the weaker Tincture 
is 5 10 10 drops for heart disease, etc. 

3631. Tincture Caulophyllum Compound — Blue Cohosh Compound 
Amer. Disp. Blue Cohosh 2 ounces. Ergot 1 ounce, Water Pepper (Smart- 

1 ounce, I >il of Savin 30 minims, Alcohol sufficient to make 24 ll.ounces 
of I in< line. Macerate or percolate. This is an EmmenagOgue, given in 
doses of 15 drops to 1 H.drachm. 

3632. Tincture Cimicifuga Compound — Black Cohosh Compound 
Amer. Disp. This is prepared by mixing Tincture of Black Cohosh 4 parts. 
Tincture of Bloodroot 1 parts, and Tincture of Poke Rool 1 pari, it is used 
for Rheumatism, et< , the dose being 10 to 50 minims. 

3633. Tincture Cinchona Ammoniated— This is made by percolating 
<.r macerating Cinchona 2 ounces with Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia sufficient 
to make 16 ll.ounces. The dose is '_. to 1 teaspoonful. 



950 TINCTUK.E — TINCTURES. 



3634. Tincture Cochineal Ammoniated. — Cochineal %. ounce, Water of 
Ammonia % ounce. Alcohol 8 fl.ounces. Macerate and filter. Used for 
whooping cough, etc. Dose, 5 to 10 drops. 

3635. Tincture Cockroaches — linctura Blattcc. — This is prepared 
from dried Cockroach, in No. 60 powder, 2 ounces aw, Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, 
by maceration and percolation., The dose is 20 to 30 minims. 

3636. Tincture Colchicum Seed Compound.— Colchicum Seed, in fine 
powder, 2 ounces, Black Cohosh, in fine powder, 3 ounces, Diluted Alcohol 
sufficient to make 2 pints, by maceration and percolation. The dose is 15 to 
30 minims for rheumatism, etc. 

3637. Tincture Corydalis Compound— Amer. Disp. — Turkey Corn, 
Yellow Dock, Tag Alder, Figwort. Mandrake, each 1 ounce, diluted Alcohol 
sufficient to make 22 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration and perco- 
lation and dissolve 4 ounces of Sugar in the liquid. Trie dose is from 1 to 4 
fl. drachms as an alterative. It is also called Scudders Alterative. 

3638. Tincture Curcuma or Turmeric. — Turmeric, in fine powder, 4 
ounces, Alcohol sufficient to make a pint. Macerate and percolate. This is. 
used for coloring alcoholic solutions yellow. 

3639. Tincture Elaterium. — Elaterium 8 grains, Alcohol 8 fl.ounces. 
Triturate the Elaterium first with a small portion of the Alcohol, then add 
the remainder. The dose is y z to 2 fl. drachms as a hydrogogue cathartic. 

3640. Tincture Gentian Ammoniated — Elixir Antiscrofuleux. Fr. — 
(Paris Codex). — Gentian 1 ounce, Carbonate of Ammonium %. ounce, diluted 
Alcohol 32 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture. For acid stomach and low spirits. 
Dose, 1 to 2 fl.drachms. 

3641. Tincture Hydrastis Compound — Amer. Disp. — Hydrastis, Lobe- 
lia Seed, each 2 ounces, diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 1 pint. This is 
used externally. 

3642. Tincture Iodine Decolorized.— This may be made by adding 
stronger Water of Ammonia 1 part to Tincture of Iodine 5 parts, and then 
adding a few drops of .Carbolic Acid. See, also, 1766, which is generally 
preferred. 

3643. Tincture Ipecac Compound — Tincture Opium and Ipecac — 
Liquid Dover 's. — Fluid Extract of Ipecac i}4 fl.ounce, Tincture of Opium 
sufficient to make 1 pint. Mix and filter. It may also be made with Deodor- 
ized Tincture of Opium, instead, using the same quantity. A fl. drachm is 
intended to represent 1 grain Dover "s Powder. 

3644. Tincture Lobelia Compound — Antispasmodic Tincture. — Lobe- 
lia, Sanguinaria, Skunk'Cabbage, Wild Ginger, Pleurisy Root, each X ounce. 
Alcohol 10 fl.ounces, Water 5 fl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration 
and percolation. Dose, 15 to 150 minims. 

3645. Tincture Lobelia and Capsicum Compound — Antispasmodic 
Tincture — Amer. Disp. — Lobelia, Capsicum, Skunk Cabbage, each 1 ounce 



TINCTURE — TINCTURES. 951 

av., diluted Alcohol sufficient to make i pint. Make a Tincture by macera- 
tion and percolation. Dose, 30 to 60 minims. 

3646. Tincture Myrrh and Capsicum — Hot Drops — No. 6 — Pain 
Killer. — Capsicum y z ounce, Myrrh 1 ounce, Alcohol 1 pint. Mix, macerate 
in a warm place for a week or longer, and filter. Other additions are some- 
times made to this and it is quite generally sold as Pain Killer. The dose is 
).\ to 1 ti. drachm in sweetened water. This is also made with }{ ounce of 
Capsicum in a pint, instead of ' 2 ounce, as above. 

3647. Tincture Opium Compound, or Diarrhoea Mixture. — Tincture of 
Opium, Tincture of Capsicum, Spirit of Camphor, each 3 rl.ounces, purified 
Chloroform 540 minims, Alcohol sufficient to make 14 fi. ounces. Mix the 
Chloroform with the Alcohol and add the Tinctures. This is given for 
diarrhoea in doses of 20 to 60 minims. 

3648. Tincture Opium Deodorized with Nitre. — This is prepared in 
the same manner as Deodorized Tincture of Opium, but instead of Alcohol 
Spirit of Nitrous Ether is used. It may also be made by evaporating Deo- 
dorized Tincture of Opium to half its volume and making up to the original 
volume with Spirit of Nitrous Ether. The strength and dose is the same as 
ordinary Tincture of Opium Deodorized. 

3649. Tincture of Phosphorus Compound.— Phosphorus 4 grains, Abso- 
lute Alcohol 2>£ rl ounces, Alcohol 1 ounce, Glycerin 2 ll.ounces, Peppermint 
Essence %, fl.ounce. Shave the Phosphorus and dissolve it in the Absolute 
Alcohol contained in well-stopped small bottle by the aid of heat of a water- 
bath. When dissolved add the Alcohol, then the Glycerin and the Essence 
of Peppermint. Ten minims of this Tincture contain ,,', grain of Phosphorus. 

3650. Tincture Rhubarb Compound — Amer. Disp. — Rhubarb 1 ounce. 
Bitter Root, Hydrastis, Gentian, Prickly Ash Berries, each y 2 ounce, Sas-a- 
fras, Cardamom, each % ounce, diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 20 
rl.ounces. Make a Tincture by maceration and percolation. Dose, : in 4 
fl.drachms. 

3651. Tincture of Strychnine, Magendie's.— Strychnine 1 -rains, Alco- 
hol 1 fl.ounce. Dissolve. Care must be used not to dispense this when other 
preparations of Strychnine are intended. 

3652. Warburg's Tincture— (Americanized). Take of Socotrine Aloes 
120 grains. Confection Rose, E. I. Rhubarb, Angelica Seed, each 30 grains, 
Elecampane Root, Saffron, Fennel Seed, Prepared Chalk, each 15 grains, 
Gentian Root, Zedoary Root, Cubebs, Myrrh, Camphor, each 8 grains, Sul- 
phate of Quinine 75 grains, dilute, 1 Alcohol enough to make 1 pint. Pow- 
der the drugs and percolate all except the Confection Rose. Prepared Chalk 
and Quinine, with the diluted Alcohol until 1 pint is obtained. Rub the 

Quinine to a tine powder and then with the ( ionfection Rose, triturate this in 
a mortar with the percolate obtained, and dissolve the Quinine in the mixture 

by gentle heat; cool, add the prepared chalk, allow to stand 24 hours, and 



952 TINCTU R-K — TINCTURES. 



filter. This has enjoyed a great reputation as a Fever Tincture, being given 
in doses of about 4 fl. drachms. 

3653. Tincture White Pine.— White Pine Turpentine (gum) 2 ounces, 
Alcohol 14 fl. ounces. Cut the Turpentine into small pieces and dissolve it 
in the Alcohol by gentle heat of water-bath. This is used for making Syrup of 
White Pine and Syrup of White Pine Compound, used as cough remedies. 

3654. Tincture Zedoary Compound.— Zedoary 4 ounces, Calamus, Gal- 
angal, each 2 ounces, Chamomile, Aniseed, Caraway, each 1 ounce, Bay Ber- 
ries, Cloves, each % ounce. Orange Peel, Mace, each l / 2 ounce, Peppermint 
Water, Alcohol, each 24 fl. ounces. Macerate for two days, then percolate, 
adding diluted Alcohol sufficient to make 14 fl.ounces, and then add 4 ounces 
of Chloric Ether. This is employed as a warm carminative Tincture. Dose, 
30 to 60 minims. 

ETHERIAL TINCTURES. 

3655. Tincture Asafetida Etherial. — Asafetida, in powder, 1 part, Alco- 
hol, Ether, each equal quantities, by weight, sufficient to make 5 parts of 
Tincture. Macerate the gum-resin in the mixed Alcohol and Ether for seven 
days and then decant. 

3656. Tincture Cantharides Etherial.— Cantharides, in powder, 1 part 
or ounce. Acetic Ether 10 parts or ounces by weight. Macerate for seven 
days and decant the clear portion. (See also 58.) 

3657. Tincture Castor Etherial.— Castor, in powder, 1 part or ounce, 
Alcohol, Ether, each equal quantities, by weight, sufficient to make 10 parts 
or ounces of Tincture. Macerate and decant. 

3658. Tincture Ergot Etherial. — Ergot, in coarse powder, 1 part or 
ounce, Ether 3 parts or ounces. Macerate for seven days, pour off, express, 
and filter. 

3659. Tincture Iodine Etherial.— Iodine 80 grains, Ether 3 fl.ounces. 
Dissolve. 

3660. Tincture Iodoform Etherial. — Iodoform 1 part, Ether 4 parts by 
weight. 

3661. Tincture Lobelia Etherial. — Lobelia, in powder, 1 part, Spirit of 
Ether (2971) 8 parts by weight. Macerate seven days, decant, press, and 
filter. Dose, 5 to 30 minims. 

3662. Tincture Nux Vomica Etherial.— Nux Vomica, in powder, 1 
part, Spirit of Ether 10 parts by weight. Macerate seven days, decant, 
express and filter. 

Other Etherial Tinctures will be found among the Official Tinctures and 
under other headings. 



HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 953 



HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 

The Tinctures of Homoeopathic Pharmacy are mostly supplied by Homoeo- 
pathic manufacturing pharmacists, but there is no reason why they should 
not be made by pharmacists the same as other Tinctures. As a great number 
are prepared from a great variety of substances it will be impracticable to 
give detailed formulas for each, but the general method and formulas for 
making the different classes and potencies are given. The original Tinctures 
are called Mother Tinctures ; their dilutions or' attenuations are called 
Potencies, and are known as first, second, third, etc., in the centesimal scale, 
or ix, 2\. 3x, etc., in the decimal scale, as explained below. 



3663. Class I. Tinctures. 

Tinctures prepared with equal parts, by weight, of the juice of the plant 
and Alcohol. The freshly-gathered plant or part which is used is chopped 
and pounded to a pulp, which is enclosed in a piece of new linen and sub- 
jected to pressure. The expressed juice is then mixed, with brisk agitation, 
with an equal weight of Alcohol, the mixture allowed to stand eight days in 
a well-stopped bottle in a dark, cool place and then filtered. The drug power 
of Tinctures thus prepared is l / z . 

Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by mixing 
2 minims of the Tincture with 98 minims of diluted Alcohol. The 2d 
potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of 
Alcohol. Each succeeding higher potency is prepared in the same manner as 
the 2d by adding 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 

Decimal Scale. — The first or ix potency is prepared by adding 2 minims 
of the Tincture to 8 minims of diluted Alcohol. The second or 2x potency 
is prepared by mixing 1 minim of the IX potency with 9 minims of diluted 
Alcohol. 

The 3d or 3X potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x pot< 
9 minims of diluted Alcohol, The higher potencies are prepared in a like 
manner from the next lower. 



3664. Class II. Tinctures. 

Tinctures expressed by the aid of 2 parts of Alcohol added to 3 parts of 
plant or the part of plant used. 

The finely-Chopped fresh plant or part which is used is weighed, and in 

every 3 parts 2 pans by weight, of Alcohol are taken. The chopped plant 

is moistened with sufficient Alcohol to make it into a thick mass or pulp when 
well stirred together, The remainder of the Alcohol is then added and the 
whole mixed together and strained through a piece of new linen. The Tine- 



954 HOMOEOPATHIC TINCTURES. 

ture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days, then filtered. The drug- 
power of Tinctures thus prepared is yi. 

Potentiation. — As the drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is the same 
as Class I., their potencies are prepared in exactly the same manner as 
directed for preparing them. 

3665. Class III. Tinctures. 

Tinctures prepared with 2 parts, by weight, of Alcohol to 1 part of plant 
or part of plant used. 

The fresh plant or part used is pounded to a fine pulp and weighed, then 2 
parts, by weight, of Alcohol are taken ; one sixth of it being first mixed with 
the pulp and then the remainder added, well stirred together and set aside in 
a cool, dark place for eight days. The Tincture is then decanted, strained 
and filtered. 

The drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is \. 

Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by mixing 
6 minims of the Tincture with 94 minims of diluted Alcohol. The 2d 
potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of 
Alcohol. Each successive higher potency is prepared in the same manner as 
the 2d, by adding 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 

Decimal Scale. — The first or ix potency is prepared by adding 6 minims 
of the Tincture to 4 minims of diluted Alcohol. The second or 2x potency 
is prepared by adding 1 minim of the ix potency to 9 minims of diluted 
Alcohol. The 3d or 3.x potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x 
potency to 9 minims of diluted Alcohol. The higher potencies are prepared 
in a like manner from the next lower. 

3666. Class IV. Tinctures. 

Tinctures prepared with 5 parts, by weight, of Alcohol to 1 part of the 
dried and finely powdered substance, or fresh animal substances. 

Weigh the substance and pour oVer it 5 parts, by weight, of Alcohol and 
let the mixture remain eight days or longer, at ordinary temperature, in a 
dark place, shaking it twice a day, then pour off, strain, and filter. (Fresh 
animal substances are pounded.) 

The drug power of Tinctures thus prepared is T ^. 

Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is prepared by adding 
10 minims of the Tincture to 90 minims of Alcohol. The 2d potency is pre- 
pared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of Alcohol. Each 
successive higher potency is prepared in the same manner as the 2d, by add- 
ing 1 minim of the next lower to 99 minims of Alcohol. 

Decimal Scale. — As the Tincture contains T V drug power, it corresponds 
to the first or ix potency. The 2d or 2x potency is prepared by adding 1 
minim of the ix potency to 9 minims of Alcohol. The higher potencies are 
prepared in the same manner from the next lower. 



HOM(KOPATHIC SOLUTIONS. 955 



HOMCEOPATHIC SOLUTIONS. 

Although these are not properly classified under Tinctures, they most con- 
veniently come in this connection and are therefore given here. 

3667. Class V.— a. Aqueous Solutions. 

One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance dissolved in 9 parts, by 
weight, of distilled Water. 

Amount of drug power of Solution. ,'„. 

Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — The 1st potency is made by adding 10 
minims of the Solution to 90 minims of distilled Water. The 2d potency is 
prepared by adding 1 minim of the 1st potency to 99 minims of Alcohol. 
The higher potencies are prepared in a like manner from the next lower. 

Decimal Scale. — The original Solution contains -,,,- drug power and is, 
therefore, the first or ix potency. The second or 2x potency is prepared by 
adding 1 minim of the Solution to 9 minims of distilled Water. The third 
or 3X potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the 2x potency to 9 minims 
of diluted Alcohol. Higher potencies are prepared from the next lower in 
the same manner by adding 1 minim to 9 minims of Alcohol. 

3668. Class V.— .J. Aqueous Solutions. 

One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 99 parts, by 
weight, of distilled Water. 

The amount of drug power of the Solution is , ,',,,. 

Potentiation — Centesimal Scale. — As the drug power of the Solution is 
T ^ it corresponds to the 1st potency. The 2d potency is prepared by adding 
1 minim of the original Solution to 99 minims diluted Alcohol. The higher 
potencies are prepared from the next lower by adding 1 minim to 99 minims 
of Alcohol. 

Decimal Scale. As the Solution contains ,,',„ drug power it corresponds 
to the second or 2x potency. The third or 3.x potency is prepared by adding 
1 minim of the Solution to 9 minims of dilute Alcohol. The fourth or 4X 
potency is prepared by adding 1 minim of the ;,\ potency to 9 minims of 
Alcohol. Higher pol prepared in a like manner from the next 

lower. 

3669. Class VI.— a. Alcoholic Solutions. 

I mi- part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 9 parts, by 
weight, of Alcohol. 

The amount of drug power of the Solution is /,,. 

Potentiation.— I h<- potencies an- prepared in th<- same manner as those 
of the Aqueous Solutions, <>. using Alcohol as the dilutent. 



956 TISANES. TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 



3670. Class VI.— @. Alcoholic Solutions. 

One part, by weight, of the medicinal substance is dissolved in 99 parts, by 
weight, of Alcohol. 

Potentiation. — The potencies are prepared in the same manner as those 
of the Aqueous Solutions, )3, using Alcohol as the dilutent. 

For the remaining classes of Homoeopathic preparations, see Triturations. 



TISANES. 



In French Pharmacy, Tisanes are slightly medicated infu- 
sions of some aromatic substance combined with barley, rice, 
or tamarind water, or other mucilaginous vehicle, the dose 
being a wineglassful or more every half hour until the medici- 
nal effect is obtained. They are not used to any extent in 
this country. 

TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 

Triturations are a class of preparations newly introduced 
into the Pharmacopoeia, which consist of some active medici- 
nal agent, reduced by rubbing intimately in a mortar with 
nine times its weight of Sugar of Milk or some other inert 
dilutent. But one formula, besides the general formula, for 
making them is given ; any substance, however, may be made 
up in the form of a trituration if desired, and, indeed, this is 
a very good way to exhibit medicines of which a very small 
dose only is required, as the medicinal agent is finely divided 
and the dose can be properly regulated. The following is the 
U. S. P. 1880: 

3671. General Formula for Triturations. 

The Substance, 10 parts. 

Sugar of Milk, in moderately fine powder, 90 parts. 

To make 100 parts. 

Weigh the Substance and Sugar of Milk separately, then 
place the Substance, previously reduced, if necessary, to a 
moderately fine powder, in a mortar, add about an equal bulk 



TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 957 



of Sugar of Milk, mix well by means of a spatula and tritu- 
rate them thoroughly together. Add fresh portions of the 
Sugar of Milk, from time to time, until the whole is added, 
and continue the trituration until the substance is intimately 
mixed with the Sugar of Milk and finely comminuted. 

3672. Trituratio Elaterini. 

Trituration of Elatcrin. 

Elaterin, . . . . - 10 parts or grains. 

Sugar of Milk, in moderately fine 

powder, 90 parts or grains. 

To make 100 parts or grains. 

Mix them thoroughly by trituration. 

This serves as a sample formula, the only one that is given 
as officinal in the U. S. P. Others may be made in the same 
manner. 

HOMOEOPATHIC TRITURATIONS. 

In Homoeopathic Pharmacy Triturations are extensively used, but their 
strength does not at all correspond with those of Regular Pharmacy. Aside 
from the particular directions for manipulating, which amount only to insure 
that the substances shall be thoroughly triturated together, the directions for 
making are as follows : 

Triturations on the Centesimal Scale. 

This scale was introduced bj' Hahnemann and is still employed for making 
the higher potencies, the lower being generally made by the Decimal Scale. 

3673. Class VII. Trituration of Dry Medicinal 

Substances. 

First Trituration.— Take 1 grain of the medicinal substance and 99 
grains or parts of Sugar of Milk, add the medicinal substance to about one 
third of the Sugar of Milk in an unglazed porcelain mortar and triturate 
them thoroughly together for six minutes, then scrape the Trituration from 
tre of the mortar with a porcelain spatula and stir it thor- 
oughly with the same for four minutes, and again triturate for six minutes as 

before. To this powder again scraped up for four minutes, now add the sec- 
ond third of the quantity of Sugar Of Milk, triturate and scrape up as before 

twice successively, then add the remainder of the Sugar of Milk and combine 



958 TRITURATIONES — TRITURATIONS. 



it with the powder in the mortar by trituration and scraping up as previously 
directed. 

This is the first or standard Trituration, containing i per cent, of the medici- 
nal substance. It is also known as the First Centesimal Trituration. 

Second Trituration. — Take i grain or part of the first Trituration and 99 
grains or parts of Sugar of Milk and prepare by triturating portions of the 
Sugar of Milk successively, added with the first Trituration in the same man- 
ner as directed for making the first Trituration. This contains 1 part of the 
medicinal substance in 10,000, and is called the Second Centesimal 
Trituration. 

Third Trituration. — Take 1 grain or part of the second Trituration and 
99 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk and prepare a Trituration in the same 
manner as previously directed. This contains 1 part of the medicinal sub- 
stance in 1,000,000 parts of the Trituration and is called the Third Centesi- 
mal Trituration. 

Liiftiid Potencies. — The third Trituration may be converted into Liquid 
Potencies by dissolving in Alcohol and Water, in the following manner : One 
grain or part of the Third Centesimal Trituration is added to 50 minims or 
parts of distilled Water and agitated, then, when dissolved, 50 minims or 
parts of Alcohol are added, and the stoppered vial, only two thirds full, is 
shaken ten times. This is the Fourth Potency. 

One minim of this liquid (the Fourth Potency) is added to 99 minims of 
Alcohol and the vial shaken ten times to make the Fifth Potency, and so on, 
the theory being that the higher the potency used the more effective the 
medicine. Attenuations above the thirteenth are termed High Potencies. 

Triturations on the Decimal Scale. 

This scale was introduced by Dr. Hering, and is used for the lower 
potencies. 

First Decimal Trituration. — Take 10 parts or grains of the medicinal 
substance and 90 parts or grains of Sugar of Milk, and prepare a Trituration 
in the same manner as is directed for making the Centesimal Trituration. 

The Second Decimal Trituration is prepared by taking 10 parts of the 
first with 90 parts of Sugar of Milk. 

The Third, by taking 10 parts of the second with 90 parts of Sugar of 
milk, etc., each higher Trituration representing 10 parts of the next below it. 

Liquid Potencies. — The Sixth Decimal (6x) Trituration is converted into 
Liquid Potencies by adding 1 grain or part to 50 minims or parts of distilled 
Water, then, when dissolved, adding 50 minims or parts of Alcohol. This 
is called the Eighth Potency (8x). One drop of this with 9 of diluted Alco- 
hol gives the Ninth Potency (9X). Higher potencies in this scale are made in 
the same manner by adding 1 drop of the next lower to 9 of diluted Alcohol. 
Do not forget that the mixture must be shaken ten times by ten powerful 
downward strokes of the arm. 



TRITURATIONS. TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 959 



3674. Class VIII. — Trituration of Liquid Substances. 

These are prepared according to the Centesimal Scale by triturating 1 
minim or part of the liquid with 99 grains or parts of Sugar of Milk for the 
first, 1 part of the first with 99 of Sugar of Milk for the second, and so on. 

By the Decimal Scale 1 part of the liquid is triturated with 9 parts of 
Sugar of Milk for the first, 1 part of the first with 9 parts of Sugar of Milk 
for the second, and so on. 

These are converted into Liquid Potencies in the same manner as has 
already been described. 

3675. Class IX.— Trituration of Fresh Vegetable and 

Animal Substances. 

Fresh vegetable or animal substances are first pounded or grated to a fine 
pulp, then triturated and potentized as directed in the foregoing classes. 

To make the 1st Trituration of the Centesimal Scale 2 parts, by weight, 
of the substance are triturated with 99 parts, by weight of Sugar of Milk. 
(Two parts are taken because of loss of weight of the fresh substance by 
exposure during the trituration.! 

The 2d Trituration is made with 1 part of the first and 99 parts of Sugar 
of Milk, as heretofore described. 

These are converted into Liquid Potencies as before described. 

Medicated Globules or Pellets. 

These are prepared by saturating the pellets, globules, or discs with alco- 
holic solution of whatever potency may be desired, then draining off the 
superfluous fluid and allowing to dry. These globules or pellets are of 
different sizes, and are known as No. 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 
80, according to their size — No. 8 being the smallest, and No. 80 being the 
largest ; the most commonly used being from No. 20 to No. 40. 



TROCHISCI -TROCHES. 

Troches or Lozenges arc flat or slightly convex bodies, made 
up in various shapes, usually containing some medicinal agent 
mixed with sugar and gum or <>thcr adhesive substance and 

intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth and by their solution 

apply the medicinal agent to the internal surface of the throat 

and surrounding organs. 

Like sugar-coated pills, they are now seldom prepared by 
druggists, manufacturers having mostly monopolized the busi- 



960 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 

ness and driven the officinal Troches out of use, by introduc- 
ing more elegant or convenient preparation. 

Many of the medicinal agents that are introduced in the 
form of Troches in the Pharmacopoeia formulae seem inappro- 
priate to be exhibited in this form. It would seem natural 
that only such remedies should be used in Troches as, by their 
slow solution, would act locally upon the mucous membrane 
of the parts with which they come in contact — the throat, 
larynx, etc. 

To make Troches, a board about 5x10 inches, with a rim 
projecting above its surface about % of an inch, and a cylin- 
drical rolling-pin, should be provided. The ingredients are 
then to be mixed into' a stiff mass or dough, the board dusted 
with a mixture of powdered sugar and starch, and the mass 
rolled out between the projecting lateral edges of the board, 
filling it entirely from the end out, as far as it will. It is then 
to be divided with a knife or spatula into the required number 
of Troches, and dried by gentle heat. Lozenge cutters that 
make about 12-grains Troches may be obtained of jobbers or 
dealers in pharmaceutical apparatus, but they cut only a defi- 
nite size, not adapting themselves to the specific quantity of 
the medicinal agent directed in the formula. 

The following formula for Troches represent those now offi- 
cial in the leading pharmacopoeias. Others can be made as 
desired in the same general manner. The solid ingredients to 
Be incorporated are all to be in fine powder. Many of them 
are called Tablets by manufacturers: 



3676. Trochisci Acidi Benzoici. 

Btnizotc Acid Lozenges. 

Benzoic Acid 360 grains. 

Refined Sugar, in powder, 25 ounces av. 

Gum Acacia, in powder, 1 ounce av. 

Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 

Mix the Benzoic Acid, Sugar and Gum, add the Mucilage and Water to 
form a proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry in a hot-air chamber 
at a moderate temperature. 

Each Lozenge contains half a grain of Benzoic Acid. Br. 



TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 961 

3677. Trochisci Acidi Tannici. 

Troches of Tannic Acid. 

Tannic Acid, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
The Br. P. makes these only x / 2 grain Tannin in each. 

3678. Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. 
Troches of Chloride of Ammonium. 

Chloride of Ammonium, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 

Syrup of Tolu, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
Syrup of Tolu, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

3679. Trochisci Bismuthi. 

Bismuth Lozc?iges. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth, 1440 grains. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, 4 ounces av. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium 6 ounces av. 

Refined Sugar, 29 ounces av. 

Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce av. 

Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 fl. ounces. 

Rose Water, a sufficiency. 
Mix the dry ingredients, then add the Mucilage and form the whole into a 
proper mass with Rose Water. Divide the mass into 720 Lozenges and dry 
these in a hot-air chamber at a moderate temperature. 

Each Lozenge contains 2 grains Subnitrate of Bismuth. Br. 

3680. Trochisci Catechu. 

Troches of Catechu. 

Catechu, in tine powder 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in line powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes, 

Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
< irange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. 
The I ir. P. directs the same quantity of Catechu. 



962 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 

3681. Trochisci Cretae. 

TrocJies of Chalk. 

Prepared Chalk, 400 grains or 26.00 grammes. 

Acacia, in fine powder, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Nutmeg, in fine powder 15 grains or 1.00 gramme. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 600 grains or 39.00 grammes. 

Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed, then with Water, 
form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

3682. Trochisci Cubebse. 

Troches of Cubed. 

Oleoresin of Cubeb 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 

Oil of Sassafras, 15 grains or 1. 00 gramme. 

Extract of Liquorice, in fine powder, 400 grains or 26.00 grammes. 

Acacia, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 

Syrup of Tolu, sufficient to make 100 Troches. 
Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
Oleoresin and Oil and incorporate them with the mixture. Lastly, with 
Syrup of Tolu, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

3683. Trochisci Ferri. 

Troches of Iron. 

Hydrated Oxide of Iron, dried at a 
temperature not exceeding 8o° C. 

(176 F.), 500 grains or 32.50 grammes. 

Vanilla, cut in slices 10 grains or 0.65 gramme. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1500 grains or 97.50 grammes. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the Vanilla first with a portion of the Sugar to a uniform powder, 
and afterward with the Oxide of Iron and the remainder of the Sugar until 
they are thoroughly mixed ; then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, 
to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

This differs from the U. S. 1870 formula for Troches of Subcarbonate of 
Iron by the substitution of the Hydrated Oxide of Iron in place of the Sub- 
carbonate. 

3684. Trochisci Ferri Redacti. 

Reduced Iron Lozenges. 

Reduced Iron 720 grains. 

Refined Sugar, in powder 25 ounces av. 



TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 963 

Gum Acacia, in powder, i ounce av. 

Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 flounces. 

Distilled Water, 1 ounce or a sufficiency. 

Mix the Iron, Sugar, and Gum and add the Mucilage and Water to form a 
proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry them in a hot-air chamber 
at a moderate temperature. 

Each Lozenge contains 1 grain of Reduced Iron. Br. 



3685. Trochisci Glycyrhizae et Opii. 

Troches of Liquorice and Opium. 

Extract of Liquorice, in fine powder, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 

Extract of Opium 5 grains or 0.32 gramme. 

Acacia, in fine powder, 200 grains or 1 3.00 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 

Oil of Anise 3 grains or 0.20 gramme. 

Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
Oil of Anise and incorporate it with the mixture. Lastly, with Water, form 
a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 



3686. Trochisci Ipecacuanhas. 

Troches of Ipecac. 

Ipecac, in fine powder, 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Syrup of Orange, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
Syrup of Orange, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

The 1870 formula directed about 25 per cent, of Arrow Root ; its place is 
supplied in the present formula with Sugar. 

The Br. P. directs the same quantity of Ipecac in each. 

3687. Trochisci Krameriae. 

Troches of Krameria (Rhatany). 

Extract of Krameria 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1 000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 25 grains or 1.60 grammes. 
Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. I'. S. 



964 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 

3688. Trochisci Magnesiae. 

Troches of Magnesia. 

Magnesia, . " 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 

Nutmeg, in fine powder, .... 15 grains or 1.00 gramme. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 900 grains or 15.50 grammes. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the Magnesia and the pow r ders together until they are thoroughly 
mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
100 Troches. U. S. 

3689. Trochisci Menthae Piperitae. 

Troches of Peppermint. 

Oil of Peppermint 15 grains or 1. 00 gramme. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1 200 grains or 78.00 grammes. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 
Rub the Oil of Peppermint and Sugar together until they are thoroughly 
mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
100 Troches. U. S. 

3690. Trochisci Morphinae. 

Morphine Lozenges. 

Hydrochlorate of Morphine 20 grains. 

Tincture of Tolu, %. fl.ounce. 

Refined Sugar, in powder, 24 ounces av. 

Gum Acacia, in powder 1 , ounce av. 

Mucilage of Gum Acacia, a sufficiency. 

Distilled Water l / 2 fl.ounce. 

Dissolve the Morphine in the Water, add this solution to the Tincture of 
Tolu, previously mixed with 2 fl.ounces of the Mucilage, then add the Gum 
and Sugar, previously mixed, and more Mucilage, if necessary, to form a 
proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry these in a hot-air chamber 
at a moderate temperature. 

Each Lozenge contains ^ grain of the Morphine salt. Br. 

3691. Trochisci Morphinae et Ipecacuanhae. 

Troches of Morphine and Ipecac. 
Sulphate of Morphine, .... 2^ grains or 0.16 gramme. 

Ipecac, in fine powder 8 grains or 0.15 gramme. 

Sugar, in fine powder 1000 grains or 65.00 grammes. 

Oil of Gaultheria, 1 grain or 0.07 gramme. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 



TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 965 

Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then add the 
Oil of Gaultheria and incorporate it with the mixture. Lastly, with Mucilage 
of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into ioo Troches. U. S. 

The Br. formula is about the same. 

3692. Trochisci Opii. 

Opium Lozenges. 

Extract of Opium 72 grains. 

Tincture of Tolu yi fl. ounce. 

Refined Sugar, in powder 16 ounces av. 

Gum Acacia, in powder 2 ounces av. 

Extract of Liquorice, 6 ounces av. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
.Make a mass, to be divided into 720 Lozenges. Each Lozenge contains 
T \ grain Extract of Opium, equal to -V grain of Morphine. 

3693. Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. 

Troches of Chlorate of Potassium. 

Chlorate of Potassium, in fine 

powder, 500 grains or 32.50 grammes. 

Sugar in fine powder 1900 grains or 124.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, . . . 120 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Spirit of Lemon 10 grains or 0.65 gramme. 

To make 100 troches. 
Mix the Sugar with the Tragacanth and the Spirit of Lemon by trituration 
in a mortar, then transfer the mixture to a sheet of paper and, by means of a 
bone spatula, mix with it the Chlorate of Potassium, being careful to avoid 
trituration and pressure to prevent the mixture from igniting or exploding. 
Lastly, with Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 
The Br. P. directs the same quantity of Chlorate of Potassium. 

3694. Trochisci Santonini. 

Santonin Lozenges. 

Santonin, in powder 720 grains. 

Refined Sugar, in powder 25 ounces av. 

Gum Acacia, in powder 1 ounce av. 

Mucilage of Gum Acacia 2 II. ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Mix the Santonin, Sugar, and Gum, add the Mucilage and Water to form 
a proper mass. Divide into 720 Lozenges and dry these in a hot air cham- 
ber at a moderate temperature. 

Each Lozenge contains 1 grain of Santonin. Br. 

The G. P. directs only 0.025 gramme of Santonin in each. 



960 TROCHISCI — TROCHES. 

3695. Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. 

Troches of Bicarbonate of Sodium. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, .... 300 grains or 19.50 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 900 grains or 58.50 grammes. 

Nutmeg, in fine powder 15 grains or 1 .00 gramme. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

Rub the Bicarbonate of Sodium with the powders until they are thoroughly- 
mixed, then, with Mucilage of Tragacanth, form a mass, to be divided into 
100 Troches. U. S. 

The Br. P. directs 5 grains of Carbonate of Sodium in each. 

3696. Trochisci Sodii Santoninatis. 

Troches of Santoninate of Sodium. 

Santoninate of Sodium, in fine 

powder, 100 grains or 6.50 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder 2000 grains or 130.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 
Orange Flower Water, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

Rub the powders together until they are thoroughly mixed, then, with 
Orange Flower Water, form a mass, to be divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

These Troches are evidently designed to take the place of the Troches of 
Santonine that were official in the 1870 revision, but it is much to be ques- 
tioned if Santoniate of Sodium is so effective or safe as the Alkaloid for a 
vermifuge. 

3697. Trochisci Zingiberis. 

Troches of Ginger. 

Tincture of Ginger, 200 grains or 13.00 grammes. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, ... 50 grains or 3.25 grammes. 

Sugar, in fine powder 2000 grains or 130.00 grammes. 

Syrup of Ginger, sufficient to make 100 troches. 

Mix the Tincture of Ginger with the Sugar and, having exposed the mix- 
ture to the air until dry, reduce it to a fine powder ; to this add the Traga- 
canth and mix thoroughly. Lastly, with Syrup of Ginger, form a mass, to be 
divided into 100 Troches. U. S. 

A great variety of other Troches or Lozenges may be made in the same 
general manner as the foregoing. Manufacturers quote long lists of Troches, 
Lozenges, or Tablets, which are usually compressed, as previously described. 
Formulas for any desired combination may readily be made by taking the 
required amount of the medicinal agents to make too Troches, and adding 
Sugar, Gum, Mucilage, etc., sufficient to make 100 Troches of the required size. 



TUNGSTEN OR WOLFRAMIUM. UNGUENTA. 967 

TUNGSTEN OR WOLFRAMIUM. 

Symbol, Ti or W. ; Atomic weight, 48. 

This is an elementary metal discovered by Delhuyart in a 
heavy metal, found chiefly in Sweden, and called Wolfram. 
It is a heavy, gray, brittle metal, and may be obtained by 
reducing Tungstic Acid with charcoal at a white heat. 

With Oxygen it forms two Oxides, Ti0 3 (Dioxide), and 
Ti0 3 (Trioxide), which unite with the elements of water, form- 
ing corresponding acids. It also unites with Chlorine and 
some elements. Tungstic Acid, H 2 Ti0 4 , combines with 
Sodium and other alkali bases, forming salts known as 
Tungstates. 

3698. Tungstate of Sodium — Xa„Ti0 4 . — This is used for rendering 
linen and other fabrics uninflammable by dipping them in a 20 per cent, solu- 
tion of the salt or painting them with the solution. It is useful for theatrical 
scenery, etc. It may be prepared by adding 9 parts of finely-powdered 
Tungsten to 8 parts of fused Carbonate of Sodium and heating them 
together for some time, then cooling, powdering, and boiling the powder with 
Water, filtering, and evaporating to dryness. 

3699. Tungstic Glue.— This is a compound similar to hard rubber, and 
used as a substitute for it for many purposes. It is prepared by mixing 
together a thick solution of Glue with Tungstate of Sodium and adding 
Hydrochloric Acid. A compound of Tungstic Acid and Glue is precipitated, 
which, at a temperature of 100 to 104, becomes sufficiently elastic to be 
moulded or drawn into thin sheets, but is quite solid at ordinary temperature. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

Ointments arc fatty preparations of a solid or semi-solid 
consistence, intended for external application, and usually 
containing some medicinal substance which is designed to be 

absorbed or exert its action on tin- parts to which it is applied. 

The difference between Ointments and Cerates consists 

chiefly in their consistence- the Ointments as a class being 

softer tli. m tin- Cerates and being intended, generally, for 
rubbing in. while the Cerates arc usually spread and applied 
like a plaster. 



968 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

The British Pharmacopoeia has done away with this classifi- 
cation, and now includes all Cerates among the Ointments. 

As has been previously remarked of Cerates, it seems strange 
that no attempt was made by the revisers of the 1880 Pharma- 
copoeia to introduce Petrolatum as a base for Ointments in 
the place of Lard ; for experience has shown its great superi- 
ority over it as an Ointment base, and it is now being generally 
used by pharmacists. It is quite generally directed in the 1885 
Br. P. for making Ointments, under the name of Soft Paraffin. 

White and amber or yellow Petrolatum are now furnished 
by manufacturers, and it is advisable that druggists should use, 
in making their Ointments, the color that will best correspond 
with the color of the Ointments as they have been formerly 
made — for instance, simple Ointment that has been made 
with lard and yellow wax, and dark colored Ointments gen- 
erally, may be made with yellow Petrolatum, while those 
that have been made with Lard or Benzoinated Lard, if they 
are white or light colored when finished, should be made 
with white Petrolatum. 

Lanoleum or Wool-fat is also recommended and used as an 
Ointment base, it being more readily absorbed than any other 
known solid fatty matter. 

The following are the Ointments official in the leading 
pharmacopoeias, and also the same made, when practicable, 
with Petrolatum as a base : 

3700. Unguentum. 

Ointment — Simple Ointment. 

Lard, 8 parts or 8 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, 2 parts or 2 ounces. 

Melt the Wax and add the Lard gradually, then stir the 
mixture constantly until cool. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P., under the title Unguentum Simplex, directs 
White Wax 2 ounces or 2 parts, Benzoinated Lard 3 ounces or 
3 parts, Almond Oil 3 fl. ounces or 3 fl. parts. Melt the Wax 
and Lard in the Oil on a water-bath, then remove the mixture 
and stir constantly while it cools. This has the advantage of 
keeping much better than the U. S. Ointment. 



UXGUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 



3701. Unguentum or Petrolatum Ointment. 

MADE WITH. PETROLATUM. 

Petrolatum 8 ounces. 

Yellow Wax or Paraffin Wax 2 ounces. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together with gentle heat and 
stir while cooling. This is now being quite generally used as 
an Ointment base instead of the official preparation ; it may 
be used with advantage whenever Ointment is directed or 
prescribed. It will not become rancid, and is readily incorpo- 
rated with any substance with which the officinal Ointment is 
usually used. 

Ointment or Simple Ointment is the basis of most of the 
other Ointments. It is very similar to Cerate or Simple 
Cerate, but contains a less proportion of Wax and is softer, 
being intended to be absorbed. It is seldom used except in 
combination. 

3702. Unguentum Acidi Borici. Br. 

Ointment of Boric Acid. 

Boric Acid, in fine powder, . 2]/ 2 ounces or 1 part. 

Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . p 10 ounces or 4 parts. 

Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), 5 ounces or 2 parts. 
Mix the Hard and Soft Paraffin together and add the Boric 
Acid, distributed over the surface of the liquid by passing it 
through a sieve, then stir them together constantly until cold. 

3703. Unguentum Acidi Carbolici. 

Ointment of Carbolic Acid— Carbolic Ointment. 

Carbolic Acid, 1 part or 1 ounce. 

Ointment, 9 parts or 9 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. This contains 10 per cent, of the 
Acid. 

This Ointment is much stronger than manufacturers have 
been in the habit of furnishing as Carbolized Vaseline, Car- 
bolized Cosmoline, etc. The)- an- usually made to contain 3 

instead of 10 per cent, of Carbolic Acid. 



970 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

The Br. formula is Carbolic Acid i part, Soft Paraffin (Petro- 
latum) 12 parts, Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax) 6 parts. Melt 
them and stir constantly until cold. This is more like a Cerate 
as considered in U. S. Pharmacy than an Ointment. It con- 
tains about 5 per cent, of the Acid. 

Carbolic Salve is a popular proprietary preparation. The 
Carbolic Salves usually contain a larger proportion of Wax 
than is directed in the foregoing formula. 

3704. Unguentum Acidi Gallici. 

Ointment of Gallic Acid. 

Gallic Acid, 10 parts or 1 ounce. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 9 ounces. 

Rub the Gallic Acid with the Benzoinated Lard gradually 
added until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of an 
iron spatula. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Gallic Acid, 1 ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 

Rub them together until they are intimately mixed. 

3705. Unguentum Acidi Salicylici. Br. 

Ointment of Salicylic Acid. 

Salicylic Acid, 1 part. 

Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), 18 parts. 

Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), 9 parts. 

Melt the Hard and Soft Paraffins together, add the Salicylic 
Acid and stir until cold. 

3706. Unguentum Acidi Tannici. 

Ointment of Tannic Acid. 

Tannic Acid, 10 parts or 51 grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 459 grains. 
Rub the Tannic Acid with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of an 
iron spatula. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 971 



MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Tannic Acid, i ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 

Rub them together until they are thoroughly mixed. 

3707. Unguentum Aconitinae. Br. 

Ointment of Aconitine. 

This preparation is officinal in the British, but not in the 
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The following formula corresponds to 
the British except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead 
of Prepared Lard. 

Aconitine (Aconitia), 8 grains. 

Alcohol, 30 minims. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 1 ounce av. 

Dissolve the Aconitine in the Alcohol and mix the solution 
thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petrolatum. 

3708. Uuguentum Antimonii Tartarati. Br. 

Ointment of Tartr cited Antimony — Tartar Emetic Ointment. 

Tartrated Antimony, in very 

fine powder, 100 grains or 1 part. 

Simple Ointment, 400 grains or 4 parts. 

Mix thoroughly. 

The G. P. Unguentum Tartari Stibiati is the same. 

3709. Unguentum Aquae Rosas. 

Ointment of Rose Water — Cold Cream. 

Expressed Oil of Almond, . 50 parts or 5 ounces av. 

Spermaceti 10 parts or 1 ounce av. 

White Wax [o parts or 1 ounce av. 

Rose Water 30 parts or 3 ounces av. 

Melt together al a moderate heal the Oil, Spermaceti, and 
Wax, then gradually add the Rose Water, stirring the mixture 
briskly and constantly until it is com], and continue the stir- 
ring until it has become uniformly soft and creamy. U.S. [880. 



972 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

The G. P. formula for Unguentum Leniens is nearly the same. 

All druggists who have made Cold Cream know how soon 
it becomes rancid when exposed. 

If made with Petrolatum it will remain without change, and 
a much finer, smoother preparation will result. White Petro- 
latum should be used for this purpose, but, with the exception 
of color, the amber Petrolatum will do as well. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

White Petrolatum, 6 ounces av. 

White Wax, I ounce av. 

Rose Water, 2)/ 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Rose, 2 minims. 

Melt the Petrolatum and Wax together by gentle heat, and, 
when the mixture begins to solidify, gradually incorporate the 
Rose Water and Oil of Rose with it, by beating briskly until 
it is cool. 

3710. Unguentum Atropinae. 

Ointment of Atropine. 
This preparation is officinal in the British, but not in the 
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The following formula corresponds to 
the British except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead 
of Prepared Lard. 

Atropia (Atropine), ... 8 grains or 1 part. 

Alcohol, 30 minims or 3^ fl. parts. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, . 1 ounce or 55 parts. 
Dissolve the Atropine in the Alcohol and mix the solution 
thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petrolatum. 

371 1. Unguentum Belladonnae. 

Ointment of Belladonna. 
Alcoholic Extract Belladonna, 10 parts or 51 grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 parts or 30 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 84 parts or 428 grains. 
Rub the Extract with the diluted Alcohol until uniformly 
soft, then gradually add the Lard and mix thoroughly. U. S. 
1880. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 973 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna, . i ounce av. 

Diluted Alcohol, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, .... S}4 ounces av. 
Rub the Extract with the diluted Alcohol in a warm mortar 
until uniformly soft and gradually incorporate with it the 
Petrolatum by rubbing them together. 

The Br. P. formula is Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna I 
part, Benzoated Lard 9 parts. Mix them thoroughly. 

3712. Unguentum Benzoini. 

Ointment of Benzoin, U. S. i8jo — Benzoinated Lard, U. S. 1880. 

Benzoin, in coarse powder, 2 parts or 140 grains. 

Prepared Lard, .... 100 parts or 16 ounces av. 
Melt the Prepared Lard by means of a water-bath and, hav- 
ing loosely tied the Benzoin (in coarse powder) in a piece of 
coarse muslin, suspend it in the melted Lard, and, stirring 
them together frequently, continue the heat for two hours, 
covering the vessel and not allowing the temperature to rise 
above 6o° C. (140 F.). Lastly, having removed the Benzoin, 
strain the Lard and stir while cooling. U. S. 1880. 

Following the alphabetical arrangement of the 1880 Phar- 
macopoeia this preparation will be found under its new title, 
Adeps Benzoinatus (see page 76), but, as it belongs properly with 
the ointments, it is also given here. 

3713. Benzoinated Petrolatum. 

White (or amber) Petrolatum, ... 15 ounces. 

White (or yellow) Wax, q. s. or . . 1 ounce. 

Benzoin, in coarse powder, .... ]/^ ounce. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together, and, having tied the 

Benzoin loosely in a piece of coarse muslin, suspend it in the 

melted mixture, stirring them frequently and continuing the 

heat for two hours at a temperature not exceeding 6o° C. 

(150 F.i; then remove the Benzoin, strain, and stir while 
cooling. 

The amount of Wax used should vary a little to correspond 
witli the melting point of the Petrolatum, 1 ounce being the 



974 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

amount required for Petrolatum melting at 120 F., and about 
one fourth more for that which melts at 104 F. — the object 
being to have the preparation about the consistence of Lard. 
The White Petrolatum with White Wax makes a beautiful 
Ointment, which remains fresh for any length of time. If 
made with the Amber Petrolatum and Yellow Wax, it is just 
as good in every way except in color. 

3714. Unguentum Calaminae. Br. 

Ointment of Calamine. 
Prepared Calamine, . . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Benzoated Lard, 5 ounces or 5 parts. 

Mix them thoroughly. 

3715. Unguentum Cantharidis. 

Ointment of Cantliarides. 

The Br. P. formula is : 

Cantharides, Yellow Wax, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 6 fl. ounces. 
Infuse the Cantharides in the Oil in a covered vessel for 12 
hours, then place the vessel in boiling Water for 15 minutes, 
strain through muslin with strong pressure, add the product to 
the Wax, previously melted, and stir constantly while the mix- 
ture cools. 

The German formula is Cantharides 2 parts, Olive Oil 8 
parts, digested for 10 hours on a steam-bath, expressed and fil- 
tered, and 7 parts of the Oil thus obtained added to 3 parts of 
Yellow Wax, previously melted, and well stirred while cooling. 

The U. S. 1870 formula was Cantharides Cerate 120 grains, 
Resin Cerate 360 grains. Warmed and mixed together. 

3716. Unguentum Cereum. G. P. 

Wax Ointment — Cerasalbe. 

Olive Oil, 7 parts. 

Yellow Wax, 3 parts. 

Melt the Wax and add the Oil. 

This is similar to Simple Cerate except that Oil is used 
instead of Lard, making it much softer. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 975 

3717. Unguentum Cetacei. Br. 

Ointment of Spermaceti. 
This Ointment is officinal in the British Pharmacopoeia, but 
possesses no advantages over Simple Ointment, and is not so 
good in any respect as Petrolatum Ointment or Benzoinated 
Petrolatum. 

The British formula is as follows : 

Spermaceti, 5 ounces av. or 10 parts. 

White Wax, 2 ounces av. or 4 parts. 

Almond Oil (expressed), 20 fl. ounces or 40 fl. parts. 
Benzoin, in coarse powder, x / 2 ounce av. or 1 part. 
Melt together with a gentle heat for two hours, remove the 
mixture, strain, and stir constantly while it cools. 
This also may be made with : 

Petrolatum, 4 ounces. 

Spermaceti, I ounce. 

Melt them together and stir while cooling. 

3718. Unguentum Chrysarobini. 

Chrysarobin Ointment . 
The U. S. P. formula is: 

Chrysarobin, 10 parts or 60 grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 540 grains. 
Rub the Chrysarobin with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
added, until fhey are thoroughly mixed. 

This is a new officinal, made from " Goa Powder," which has 
had some reputation in the treatment of skin diseases. 

It may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
Lard. It is better made by heating the ingredients together. 
The Br. P. formula is Chrysarobin 20 grains. Benzoinated 
Lard 4S0 grains, made in the same manner. 

3719. Unguentum Creasoti. Br. 

Ointment of ( reasote. 

Creasote, 1 fl. drachm or 1 fl.part. 

Simple Ointment,. ... 1 ounce a\-. or x parts. 
Mix them thoroughly. 



976 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

3720. Unguentum Diachylon. 

Diachylon Ointment — Hebra Ointment. 
The U. S. formula is : 

Lead Plaster, 60 parts or 6 ounces av. 

Olive Oil, ... 39 parts or 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Lavender, ... 1 part or 75 minims. 
Melt together the Lead Plaster and Olive Oil at a moderate 
heat, then, having permitted the mass to become partly cool, 
incorporate with it the Oil of Lavender, and stir constantly 
until cold. 

Petrolatum may be used in place of the Olive Oil, but the 
resulting preparation will be of firmer consistence, although 
this is rather an improvement than otherwise. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Lead Plaster, 6 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 4 ounces av. 

Oil of Lavender, 75 minims. 

Melt the Lead Plaster and Petrolatum together at a moder- 
ate heat, and, when cool enough, add the Oil of Lavender and 
stir until cold. 

The G. P. formula is, Lead Plaster 5 parts. Free it from 
Glycerin by melting and washing it with Water, and, when 
dry, melt with Olive Oil 5 parts, and stir until cold. 

3721. Unguentum Elemi. Br. 

Ointment of Elemi. 

Elemi, % ounce or 1 part. 

Simple Ointment, . . . . 1 ounce or 4 parts. 
Melt, strain through flannel, and stir constantly until the 
Ointment solidifies. 

3722. Unguentum Eucalypti. Br. 

Oil of Eucalyptus, by weight, . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . | f h Qunces Qr 
Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax, S F 

Melt the Paraffins together, add the Oil, and stir until cold. 



UXGUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 977 



3723. Unguentum Gallae. 

Ointment of Nutgall. 

Nutgall, in No. 80 powder. . 10 parts or 48 grains. 
Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 

Rub the Nutgall with the Benzoinated Lard gradually 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P. formula is Galls, in fine powder, 80 grains, Ben- 
zoinated Lard I ounce. Mix thoroughly. 

3724. Unguentum Gallae cum Opio. Br. 

Ointment of Nutgall and Opium. 

This Ointment, though not officinal in the U. S., is much 
more frequently prescribed than the preceding one. The fol- 
lowing is the same as the British formula, except that Benzoi- 
nated Petrolatum is used instead of the Benzoinated Lard : 

Nutgall, in No. 80 powder 80 grains. 

Opium, in No. 80 powder, 37 grains. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 1 ounce av. 

Rub the powders thoroughly with the Benzoinated Petro- 
latum. 

It is much used for hemorrhoides and as an astringent. 

3725. Unguentum Glycerini. G. P. 

Glycerin Ointment. 

This can hardly be called an Ointment as it contains no fatty 
bodies, but it is used for similar purposes as Ointments. 

Tragacantli, powdered I part. 

Alcohol, 5 parts. 

1 rl) cerill 50 parts. 

Rub tin- Alcohol and Tragacanth together, add the GI3 
and heat tin- mixture on a steam-bath t<> form a white translu- 
cent Ointment <»t' uniform consistence. 

This is quite similar to the Glycerinum Tragacantha (1757) 
of the Br. I'. 



978 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

3726. Unguentum Glycerini Plumbi Sub- 

acetatis. Br. 

Ointment of Glycerine of Subacctate of Lead. 

Glycerine of Subacetate of Lead (1756), 1 part. 

Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), 4 parts. 

Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), . . . . 1^ part. 

Melt the Paraffins together, add the Glycerine of Subacetate 
of Lead and stir until the mixture has cooled. 

3727. Unguentum Hydrargyri. 

Mercurial Ointment (Bine Ointment). 
The U. S. P. 1880 formula is: 

Mercury 450 parts or 4^ ounces. 

Lard, 225 parts or 2% ounces. 

Suet, ' 225 parts or 2^ ounces. 

Compound Tincture of 

Benzoin, 40 parts or 3 fl. drachms. 

Mercurial Ointment (y 2 

Mercury), 100 parts or 1 ounce. 

Mix the Mercury with the Tincture of Benzoin in a mortar, 
add the Mercurial Ointment and triturate the mixture until 
globules of Mercury cease to be visible, then add the Lard and 
Suet, previously melted together and partially cooled, and con- 
tinue the trituration until globules of Mercury cease to be vis- 
ible under a magnifying power of ten diameters. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Mercury, 4 l / 2 ounces. 

Petrolatum, 3 ounces. 

Yellow Wax, l% ounce. 

Compound Tincture of Benzoin, ... 3 fl. drachms. 

Mercurial Ointment, 1 ounce. 

Make an Ointment in the same manner as above. 
The Br. P. formula is Mercury, Prepared Lard, each 1 
pound av., Prepared Suet 1 ounce av., rubbed together as 
above. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 979 

The G. P. directs Lard 13 parts, and Mutton Suet 7 parts, to 
be melted together and, when cold, to be incorporated with 
Mercury 10 parts. 

Mercurial Ointment is popularly known as " Unguentum " 
or "Anguintum." 

The Ointment, made with one third, instead of one half, 
Mercury, is generally sold by druggists, but should not be dis- 
pensed on physicians' prescriptions. This strength may be 
made by mixing with the 50 per cent. Ointment one half its 
weight of Petrolatum Ointment. 

3728. Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. 

Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury {White Precipitate). 
Ammoniated Mercury, in very 

fine powder, 10 parts or 52 grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 468 grains. 
Rub the Ammoniated Mercury with the Ointment or Ben- 
zoinated Lard until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
The Br. P. formula is the same. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
Ammoniated Mercury, in very fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 

Rub the Ammoniated Mercury with the Benzoinated Petro- 
latum until the)* are thoroughly mixed. 

The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Hydrargyri 
Album, is the same strength. 

3729. Unguentum Hydrargyri Compositum. Br. 

t 'ompound Ointment of Mercury. 
The British formula uses Yellow Wax and Olive Oil 3 ounces 
each, instead of the Petrolatum < hutment as here directed. 

Mercurial < hutment 6 ounces. 

Petrolatum Ointment 6 ounces. 

Camphor, in fine powder I|_> ounces. 

Mell the Petrolatum < hutment, dissolve in it the Camphor, 

and, when parti)' cool, mix it thoroughly with the Mercurial 

< )intment. 



980 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

3730. Unguentum Hydrargyri Iodidi Rubri. Br. 

Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 

Red Iodide of Mercury, in powder, . . 16 grains. 
Simple Ointment, 1 ounce av. 

Mix them thoroughly. This was official in the U. S. P. 1870. 
Petrolatum Ointment may be used instead of Simple 
Ointment. 

3731. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis. 

Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury {Citrine Ointment). 

Mercury, 7 parts or \]/ 2 ounce. 

Nitric Acid, 17 parts or 3^ ounces. 

Lard Oil, j6 parts or 16^ ounces. 

Heat the Lard Oil in a glass or porcelain vessel to a temper- 
ature of 70 C. (158 F.), then add, without stirring, 7 parts or 
\y 2 ounce of Nitric Acid, and continue the heat so long as a 
moderate effervescence continues, and allow the mixture to 
cool. Dissolve the Mercury in the remainder of the Nitric 
Acid and, with the aid of sufficient heat to prevent the solu- 
tion from crystallizing, add this solution to the mixture before 
it has become entirely cold, and mix them thoroughly, avoid- 
ing the use of an iron spatula. U. S. 1880. 

There has been considerable discussion regarding the use of 
Petrolatum in making this Ointment, and the conclusion is 
that it is not admissible, for the reason that the reaction which 
is desired between the Nitric Acid and the olein of the Lard 
Oil, producing elaidin, does not occur with Petrolatum. 

The Br. P. formula is Mercury, by weight, 4 ounces av., 
Nitric Acid 12 fl. ounces, Prepared Lard 15 ounces av., Olive 
Oil 32 fl. ounces. Dissolve the Mercury in the Nitric Acid 
with the aid of gentle heat, melt the Lard in the Oil by a 
steam or water-bath in a capacious vessel, and, while the mix- 
ture is at about 212 F. (ioo° C.) add the Solution of Mercury, 
also at the same temperature, mixing them thoroughly. Un- 
less the mixture froths extensively, heat until it does. Then 
stir until cold. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 981 

3732. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis 
Dilutum. Br. 

Diluted Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. 

Nitrate of Mercury Ointment, Br. (3731), . 1 part. 

Petrolatum 2 parts. 

Mix them. 

3733- Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. 

Ointment of Yellow Oxide of Mercury. 

Yellow Oxide of Mercury, in 

very fine powder, . . . .10 parts or 48 grains. 
Ointment, 90 parts or 432 grains. 

Rub the Oxide of Mercury with the Ointment, gradually 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 

MADE WITH PETRI ILATUM. 

Yellow Oxide of Mercury, in very fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 

Rub the Oxide of Mercury with the ( )intment, gradually 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 

3734. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. 

Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury — Red Precipitate 

Ointment. 
Red Oxide of Mercury (Red 
Precipitate), in very fine 

powder, 10 parts or 48 grains. 

Ointment, 90 parts or 432 grains. 

Rub the Oxide of Mercury with a small quantity of the 
( lintment until a perfectly smooth mixture is obtained, then 
gradually add the remainder of the ( lintment and mix thor- 
oughly. U. S. [880. 

MALI'. \\ II II III Rl 'I VI I M. 

Red Precipitate, in very fine powder, . . 1 ounce. 
Petrolatum Ointment 9 ounces. 



982 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

Rub the Red Precipitate with a small portion of the Oint- 
ment and then gradually with the remainder until thoroughly 
mixed. Made with Petrolatum, this Ointment remains perma- 
nent and unchanged, which is a great advantage over the offi- 
cinal preparation. 

The Br. P. Ointment is made with Red Oxide of Mercury 
62 grains, Soft Paraffin ^ ounce, Hard Paraffin y^ ounce. 
Melt the Paraffins and, when cooling, incorporate the Mercury 
Oxide. 

The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Hydrargyri 
Rubrum, is Red Oxide of Mercury 1 part, Paraffin Ointment 9 
parts. 

3735- Unguentum Hydrargyri Subchloridi. Br. 

Ointment of Subchloride of Mercury. 

Subchloride of Mercury, 80 grains. 

Benzoated Lard, 1 ounce av. 

Mix thoroughly. 

This is more familiarly known as Calomel Ointment, and is 
much used as a mild healing absorbent dressing for sores. 

3736. Unguentum Iodi. 

Unguentuni Iodinii. i8jo — Iodine Ointment. 

Iodine, 4 parts or 20 grains. 

Iodide of Potassium, . . . 1 part or 5 grains. 

Water, 2 parts or 10 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 93 parts or 475 grains. 
Rub the Iodine and Iodide of Potassium first with the 
Water and then with the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, gradually 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed, avoiding the use of 
an iron spatula. U. S. 1880. 

The use of Petrolatum in making this Ointment is not 
recommended, as with it a greenish-black Ointment results, 
and the change that occurs is not yet well ascertained. 

The Br. P. formula is Iodine, Iodide of Potassium, each 32 
grains, Glycerin 1 fl. drachm, Prepared Lard 2 ounces av., made 
in the same manner. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 983 

The Compound Iodine Ointment of the U. S. P. 1870 con- 
tains 15 grains of Iodine, 30 grains Iodide of Potassium, 30 
minims Water, 480 grains of Lard. 



3737- Unguentum Iodoformi. 

Iodoform Ointment. 

Iodoform, in very fine powder, 10 parts or 50 grains. 
Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 450 grains. 

Rub the Iodoform with the Benzoinated Lard, gradually- 
added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 
The Br. P. formula is the same. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Iodoform, in very fine powder 1 ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces. 

Rub the Iodoform with a portion of the Benzoinated Petro- 
latum and then with the remainder, gradually added, until 
thoroughly mixed. 

3738. Unguentum Mezerei. 

Mczeraim Ointment. 

Fluid Extract of Mezereum, 25 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Lard, 80 parts or 3^ ounces av. 

Yellow Wax, 12 parts or |j ounce av. 

Melt together the Lard and the Wax with a moderate heat. 
add the Fluid Extract and stir the mixture constantly until 
the Alcohol has evaporated, then continue to stir until cool. 
U. S. 1880. 

MADE WITH PETROLAT1 M. 

Fluid Extract of Mezereum, . . . i fl.ounce. 

Petrolatum 3 '-• ounces av. 

Yellow Wax '-• ounce av. 

Melt the Petrolatum and Yellow Wax together, add the 
Fluid Extract and stir the mixture constantly until the Alco- 
hol has evaporated, then continue to stir until cool. 



984 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

3739- Unguentum Paraffini. G. P. 

Paraffin Ointment — I ^aseline. 
This is directed to be prepared from : 

Solid Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), I part. 

Liquid Paraffin (Paraffin Oil), 4 parts. 

By melting the Solid Paraffin and incorporating with it the 
Liquid Paraffin. This is similar to Petrolatum (2447). 

3740. Unguentum Picis Liquidae. 

Tar Ointment. 
The U. S. P. formula for this Ointment is : 

' • each, equal parts. 
Suet, ) 

Mix the Tar with the Suet, previously melted with a mod- 
erate heat, and, having strained the mixture through muslin, 
stir it constantly until cool. 

This Ointment is not improved by using Petrolatum, but if 
it is used, one half as much Yellow Wax as is taken of Petro- 
latum should be used to give it the proper consistence. 

The Br. P. formula is Tar 5 ounces, Yellow Wax 2 ounces. 
The Wax is melted and the Tar added, the mixture being 
stirred until cool. 

3741. Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis. Br. 

Ointment of Acetate of Lead. 
This Ointment, though not officinal in the U. S., is fre- 
quently prescribed. The following is the same as the British, 
except that Benzoinated Petrolatum is used instead of Ben- 
zoinated Lard. 

Acetate of Lead, in very fine 

powder, 12 grains or 2 parts. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, . 1 ounce av. or 73 grains. 
Mix them thoroughly. 

The Cerate of Subacetate of Lead is generally preferred. 
The G. P., under the title Unguentum Plumbi, directs Solu- 
tion Subacetate of Lead 8 parts, Lard 92 parts, to be mixed 
together. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 985 



3742. Unguentum Plumbi Carbonatis. 

Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. 
Carbonate of Lead, in very- 
fine powder, 10 parts or 48 grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 
Rub the Carbonate of Lead (in fine powder) with the Oint- 
ment or Benzoinated Lard, gradually added, until they are 
thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 
Carbonate of Lead, in fine powder, . . 1 ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 9 ounces.. 

Rub the Carbonate of Lead with the Benzoinated Petrola- 
tum, gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 

The Br. P. formula is Carbonate of Lead, in fine powder, 62 
grains, Simple Ointment 1 ounce av. 

The G. P. formula, under the title Unguentum Cerussa?, is Car- 
bonate of Lead 3 parts, Paraffin Ointment (Petrolatum) 7 parts. 

3743. Unguentum Cerussae Camphoratum or Camphorated 
Carbonate of Lead Ointment of the G. P. is made by rubbing 
Camphor, in powder, 5 parts, with Carbonate of Lead Oint- 
ment 95 parts. 

3744. Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi. 

Ointment of Iodide of Lead. 

Iodide of Lead, 10 parts or 4.X grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 90 parts or 432 grains. 
Rub the Iodide "I" Lead (in fine powder) with the Ointment 
or Benzoinated Lard, gradually added, until they are thor- 
oughly mixed. U.S. 1SS0. 

MADE w nil PETRI »LATU \i. 
[odide of Lead, in very fine powder, . . i ounce. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum 9 oun 

Kul) the Iodide of Lead with the Benzoinated Petrolatum, 
gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 

The Br. P. formula is Iodide of Lead 62 grains, Simple 
Ointment 1 ounce av. Mix thorough!}'. 



986 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 



3745. Unguentum Plumbi Tannici. 

Ointment of Tannatc of Lead. 

Tannic Acid I part. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead, 2 parts. 

Lard, 17 parts. 

Rub the Acid with the Solution of Lead to a smooth paste, 
then incorporate with the Lard. It should be freshly- 
prepared. 

3746. Unguentum Potassae Sulphuratae. Br. 

Ointment of SnlpJiurated Potash. 

Sulphurated Potash, ... 30 grains or 5 parts. 

Hard Paraffin (Paraffin Wax), % ounce or 18 parts. 

Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . 3^ ounce or 55 parts. 

Triturate the Sulphurated Potash in a glass or porcelain 

mortar and gradually add the melted Paraffins, rubbing them 

together until the Ointment is perfectly smooth and free from 

grittiness. This should be freshly prepared when wanted 

for use. 

3747. Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. 

Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. 
Iodide of Potassium, ... 12 parts or 61 grains. 
Hyposulphite of Sodium, . 1 part or 5 grains. 

Boiling Water, 6 parts or 30 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, . . . . 81 parts or 413 grains. 
Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium and the Hyposulphite of 
Sodium in the boiling Water in a warm mortar, then gradually 
add the Benzoinated Lard and mix thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 

The Hyposulphite of Sodium is added to prevent the dis- 
coloration which formerly occurred in this Ointment after 
standing. 

. MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Iodide of Potassium, in fine powder, . . 60 grains. 
Hyposulphite of Sodium, in fine powder, 5 grains. 

Boiling Water, 30 minims. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 413 grains. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 987 



Dissolve the Iodide of Potassium and the Hyposulphite of 
Sodium with the boiling Water in a warm mortar, gradually 
add the Benzoinated Petrolatum and mix thoroughly. 

The Br. P. formula is nearly the same as the U. S. 

The G. P. formula, under the name Unguentum Kalii Jodati, 
is Iodide of Potassium 20 parts, Water 10 parts, Paraffin Oint- 
ment (Petrolatum) 170 parts. 

3748. Unguentum Resinae. 

Ointment of Resin — Basilicon Ointment. 
The Br. P. formula is : 

Resin, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 

Yellow Wax. 4 ounces av. 

Simple Ointment, 16 ounces av. 

Almond Oil, 2 fl. ounces. 

Melt at a low temperature, strain the mixture while hot 
through flannel and stir constantly while it cools. 

The G. P. formula is common Olive Oil 45 parts, Yellow 
Wax, Resin, Mutton Suet, each 15 parts, common Turpentine 
(gum) 10 parts. Melt them together, strain, etc. This is sim- 
ilar to the U. S. Compound Resin Cerate. 

The U. S. Resin Cerate is similar, but a firmer preparation 
than either of the others. (See page 221.) 

3749. Unguentum Rosmarini Compositum. G. P. 

Rosemary Ointment — Xervensctlbe. 

Lard 16 parts, Mutton Suet 8 parts, Yellow Wax 2 parts, 
expressed Oil of Nutmeg 2 parts. Mix them together and 
add to the finished Ointment, Oil of Rosemary 1 part, Oil of 
Juniper Berries I part. 

3750. Unguentum Sabinae. 

Sa;' in Ointment. 

The Br. P. directs this to be prepared from fresh Savin Tops 
8 ounces. Yellow Wax x ounces, Benzoated Lard n> ounces, 
by melting the Laid and Wax together on a water-bath and 



988 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 



digesting for 24 hours with the Savin, then removing the heat 
and expressing the Ointment through calico. 

The G. P. directs Extract of Savin 1 part, with Wax Oint- 
ment 9 parts, melted together and mixed while cooling to 
form an Ointment. 

The U. S. Cerate of Savine is made from the Fluid Extract 
and corresponds nearly with the foregoing. (See page 222.) 

3751. Unguentum Staphisagriae. Br. 

Ointment of Staphesacre. 

Staphesacre Seeds, 4 ounces or 1 part. 

Benzoated Lard, 8 ounces or 2 parts. 

Crush the Seeds and macerate them in the Lard, kept melted 
over a water-bath for two hours, strain through calico and set 
aside to cool. This contains about 10 per cent, of Oil obtained 
from the Seed. 

3752. Unguentum Stramonii. 

Stramonium Ointment. 

Extract of Stramonium, . . 10 parts or 51 grains. 

Water, 5 parts or 25 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 85 parts or 433 grains. 

Rub the Extract with the Water until uniformly soft, then 
gradually add the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, and mix them 
thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
Lard. 

3753- Unguentum Sulphuris. 

Snlpliw Ointment. 

Sublimed Sulphur, .... 30 parts or 144 grains. 
Benzoinated Lard, .... 70 parts or 336 grains. 
Rub the Sulphur with the Lard or Benzoinated Lard, grad- 
ually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. 1880, 

Precipitated or Lac Sulphur makes a much smoother Oint- 
ment, and is much to be preferred. 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 989 



MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Sublimed Sulphur, 3 ounces. 

Petrolatum, -J ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly by rubbing them together. 
The Br. P. formula is Sublimed Sulphur 1 ounce mixed with 
Benzoated Lard 4 ounces. 

3754. Unguentum Sulphuris Alkalinum. 

Alkaline Sulphur Ointment. 

Washed Sulphur, 96 grains. 

Carbonate of Potassium, 48 grains. 

Water, 24 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, 312 grains. 

Rub the Sulphur with the Carbonate of Potassium and the 
Water, gradually add the Benzoinated Lard and mix thor- 
oughly. U. S. 1880. 

This may be made with Benzoinated Petrolatum instead of 
Benzoinated Lard. 

3755- Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi. Br. 

Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 

Iodide of Sulphur, ... 30 grains or 5 parts. 

Hard Paraffin, ^ ounce or 18 parts. 

Soft Paraffin, ^ ounce or 55 parts. 

Triturate the Iodide of Sulphur in a glass or porcelain mor- 
tar and gradually add the melted mixture of Paraffins, rubbing 
them together until cold. 

3756. Unguentum Tabaci. 

(hutment of Tobaeco. 

Tobacco, in fun- powder y> ounce. 

Lard S ounces. 

Water, ,1 sufficient quantity. 

Moisten the Tobacco with a little Water, introduce it into a 
conical glass percolator, and, having pressed it firmly, pour 



990 UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 

Water upon it until 4 fl. ounces of liquid have passed. Evap- 
orate this liquid to the consistence of a soft extract, and mix 
it thoroughly with the Lard. U. S. 1870. 

This may be made with Petrolatum instead of Lard. 

3757- Unguentum Terebinthinae. 

Turpentine Ointment. 

The Br. P. formula is Oil of Turpentine 1 fl. ounce, Resin, in 
coarse powder, 54 grains, Yellow Wax y 2 ounce av., Prepared 
Lard y 2 ounce av. Melt the solid ingredients together and, 
while cooling, add the Oil and stir. 

The G. P. formula is Common Turpentine (gum), Yellow 
Wax, Oil of Turpentine, each equal parts by weight. 

This is used as a stimulating Ointment for sores, ulcers, etc. 
The Br. preparation has less consistence than the German, and 
may be used when a very soft Ointment is desired, but the 
German is generally preferred. 

3758. Unguentum Veratrinae. 

Veratrine Ointment. 

Veratrine, 4 parts or 20 grains. 

Alcohol 6 parts or 35 minims. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 96 parts or 480 grains. 
Rub the Veratrine with the Alcohol in a warm mortar until 
dissolved, then gradually add the Benzoinated Lard and mix 
thoroughly. U. S. 1880. 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Veratrine, 20 grains. 

Alcohol, 35 minims. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 480 grains. 

Rub the Veratrine with the Alcohol in a warm mortar until 
dissolved, then gradually add the Benzoinated Petrolatum and 
mix thoroughly. 

The Br. P. formula is Veratrine 8 grains, Hard Paraffin (Par- 
affin Wax) y ounce av., Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum) ^ ounce 
av., Olive Oil 1 fl. drachm. Rub the Veratrine and Oil together 
and incorporate with the melted Paraffins. 



UN GUEXTA — OINTMENTS. 991 



3759- Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. 

Oxide of Zinc Ointment. 

Oxide of Zinc, 20 parts or 96 grains. 

Benzoinated Lard, .... 80 parts or 384 grains. 
Rub the Oxide of Zinc with an equal weight of Benzoinated 
Lard, previously melted, until the mixture is perfectly smooth, 
then add the remainder of the Benzoinated Lard and mix 
thoroughly. U. S. 1880 

MADE WITH PETROLATUM. 

Oxide of Zinc, 2 ounces. 

Benzoinated Petrolatum, 8 ounces. 

Rub the Oxide of Zinc with an equal weight of Benzoinated 
Petrolatum in a warm mortar until they are thoroughly and 
smoothly mixed, then add the remainder of the Benzoinated 
Petrolatum and mix them thoroughly. 

The Br. P. Ointment of Zinc is Oxide of Zinc 80 grains, Ben- 
zoinated Lard I ounce av., mixed in the same manner as above 
directed. 

The G. P. formula is common Oxide of Zinc 1 part. Lard 
9 parts. 

3760. Unguentum Zinci Oleati. Br. 

Ointment of Oleate of Zinc. 

< )leate of Zinc, i ounce or 1 part. 

Soft Paraffin (Petrolatum), . . . 1 ounce or 1 part. 
Mix by the aid of a little heat and stir until nearly cold. 

Unofficial Ointments. 

The foregoing ollicial Ointments include the greater share that are used to 
any extent in dispensing pharmacy, but many others are or have been used 
and are now occasionally called for. It would be impracticable to give 
detailed formulas for all of them, as the list of official Ointments is already 
sufficient for the general uses of pharmacy and medicine, so only the more 
important ones, for which there is sonic demand, are mentioned and classi- 

owing their composition. They can be made in the same general way 
as is directed for similar official I ointments. Solid drugs generally should be 
reduced to fine powder. Alkaloids should be rubbed with a few drops of 
Alcohol. Extracts should be slightly softened with Alcohol or Water. I oint- 
ment made with I.ard or with Petrolatum may be used as a base, the latter 



992 



UNGUENTA — OINTMENTS. 



being generally preferable. Lard or Petrolatum alone are sometimes used 
when softer Ointments are desired. The following list shows the composition 
of the more important Unofficial Ointments: 

SIMPLE UNOFFICIAL OINTMENTS. 



No. 



Ointment of 



Composed of 



3761 Alum 

3762 Ammonium Carb 

3763 Arsenical (Mild) ... . 

3764 Arsenical (Hospital) 

3765 Arsenical (Cancer) 

3766 Arseniate of Iron 

3767 Arseniate of Sodium. . . 
376S 1 Balsam Peru 

3769 Balsams, other 

3770 Bromide Salts 

3771 Bromine 

3772 Brown (Ungt. Fuscum). 

3773 Cadmium Salts 

3774 Caffeine 

3775 Camphor 

3776 Cantharidine 

3777JCapsicum 

3778 1 Catechu 

3779 Chalk 

3780 Chamomile 

3781 Charcoal 

3782 Cherry Laurel 

3783 Chloral Hydrate 

3784 Chloride of Lead 

3785 Chlorine 

3786 Chloroform 

3787 Cocculus Indicus 

3788 Cod Liver Oil 

3789 Colocynth 

3790 Corrosiye Sublimate . . . 
379iCroton Oil 

3792 Cyanide of Mercury ... 

3793 Cyanide of Potassium . 

3794 Elder Flower 

3795 Elder Leaf, green 

3796 Emetina 

3797 Euphorbium 

3798 Foxglove 

3799 Garlic 

3800 Gold (Pomade d'Or)... 

3801 Gold Chloride 

3802 Hellebore 

3803 1 Hemlock (Conium) 

3804 Hops 

3805 1 Iodide of Sulphur 

3806 Laurel 

3S07 Lupuline 

3808 Naphthalin 

3809 Picrotoxin 

3810 Pitch (Black Basilicon) . 

3811! Poplar Buds 

3842 Quinine 

3S13 Scrof ularia 

3814 Squill 

3815 Strychnine 

3816 Sulphate of Zinc 

3X17 Virdigris 

3818 W 1 Soot 



Alum 40 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 

Carbonate Ammonium 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Arsenic 3 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Arsenic 15 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Ar.-i'iiic 40 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Arseniate of Iron 20 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Arseniate of Sodium 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Balsam Peru 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
The required Balsam 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
The Bromide Salt 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Bromide Potassium 20 grs., Bromine 10 m., Ointment 1 oz. 
Nitric Oxide of Mercury 30 grains, Resin Ointment 1 oz. 
J The Cadmium Salt 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Caffeine 5 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Camphor 1 to 2 drachms, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Cantharidine 1 grain, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Oleo-resin Capsicum 5 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Catechu 30 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
Prepared Chalk % ounce, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
Chamomile Extract 1 drachm, Ointment 1 ounce. 
|Charcoal 1 part, Resin Ointment 3 parts. 
Cherry Laurel Oil 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Chloral Hydrate 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Chloride of Lead 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Chlorine Water 1 part, Lard 9 parts. 
Chloroform 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Cocculus Indicus 2 drachms, Lard 8 drachms. 
Cod Liver Oil 7 parts, White Wax and Cetaceum each 1 pt. 
Colocynth Pulp 1 part, Lard 8 parts. 
Corrosive Sublimate 5 grains, Spermaceti Oint. 1 ounce. 
Croton Oil 20 minims, Lard 1 ounce. 
Mercury Cyanide 10 grains, Lard 1 ounce. 
! Cyanide of Potassium 5 grains, Cold Cream 1 ounce. 
Elder Flowers and Lard, equal parts, boiled together. 
Elder Leaves 3 pts., Lard 3pts., Suet3pts., boiled together. 
Emetina 30 grains, Alcohol q. s., Lard 1 ounce. 
Euphorbium 30 grains, Lard 1 ounce. 

Digitalis, fresh leaves, Lard, each equal pts., boiled together. 
Garlic, fresh bruised 2 pts., Lard 3 pts., simmered together. 
Gold Leaf 12 grains, rubbed with Ointment 1 ounce. 
Chloride of Gold 12 grains, Ointment 1 ounce. 
White Hellebore 2 drachms, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
Conium Extract 1 drachm, Ointment 9 drachms. 
Hops, fresh, 1 part, Lard 5 parts, simmered together. 
Sulphur Iodide 30 grains, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
Laurel Oil, expressed, 2 ozs., Suet 1 oz., Oil Turp. ij^ dr. 
Lupulin 1 part, Lard 3 parts, digest by heat. 
Naphthalin J£ ounce, Petrolatum 8 ounces. 
Picrotoxin 10 grains, Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
Pitch, Resin, Beeswax, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 2 ounces. 
Poplar Buds, fresh, 1 part, Lard 4 parts, digest with heat. 
Sulphate of Quinine 2 drachms, Lard 6 drachms. 
Figwort Leaves, fresh, Lard, each 2 parts, Suet 1 pt., boil. 
Squill, in fine powder, 1 part, Mercurial Ointment 2 parts. 
Strychnine 16 grains, Lard or Petrolatum 1 ounce. 
Sulphate of Zinc, fine powder, 1 drachm, Lard 1 ounce. 
Verdigris 30 grains, Resin Ointment 1 ounce. 
Wood S iot and Lard, mixed, equal parts. 



UN< .UEXTA — OINTMENTS. 993 



Compound Unofficial Ointments. 

Of the great number of Compound Ointments that are known but few, 
except those official in the leading pharmacopoeias (and already given), are of 
sufficient interest to require notice. Others will be found among The Stand- 
ard Remedies. 

3820. Alkaline Ointment. — Carbonate of Sodium (^Sal Soda) 1 drachm, 
fresh slacked Lime 30 grains, powdered Opium 1 grain, Lard or Petrolatum 
1 ounce. Mix them. 

3821. Antiperiodic Ointment. Br. — Sulphate of Ouinine 90 grains, 
Saccharated Carbonate of Iron 60 grains, Oil Cajuput 30 drops, Petrolatum 
or fresh Butter 1 ounce. Mix them. 

3822. Aromatic Ointment. — Yellow Wax, Oil of Laurel, expressed, each 
1 ounce, Simple Ointment 13 ounces. Melt them together and add, when 
nearly cool, Oil of Juniper, Peppermint, Lavender, and Rosemary, each 40 
minims. 

3823. Astringent Ointment.— The official Ointment of Galls and the 
Lead Ointments are often used as Astringent Ointments. The following is 
also used : Powdered Catechu 90 grains, softened with boiling Water 2 
drachms, and mixed with Spermaceti Ointment or Simple Ointment, melted 
until it forms a mass. Or, from Alum 1 ounce, Catechu 3 ounces, both in 
very fine powder, added to Olive Oil 10 ounces, in which Yellow Resin 4 
ounces is melted, and stirred until cool. 

3824. Egg Ointment. — Oil of Almonds i l / 2 ounce, Beeswax x / 2 ounce. 
Melt them together and, when cool but still fluid, add the Yolk of 1 Egg and 
30 drops of Balsam of Peru and beat them thoroughly together. 

3825. Egyptian Ointment. — Burnt Alum 1 part, Verdigris 10 parts, 
strong Vinegar 14 parts, purified, thick Honey 32 parts. Mix them well 
together. 

3826. Juniper Tar Ointment. — Lard and Suet, each 6 parts, Beeswax 4 
part-. Melt them together and, while cooling, add Oil of Juniper Tar (Oil 
of Cade) 16 parts, Oil of Lavender 1 part. 

3827. Labdanum Ointment.— Labdanum 6 drachms, Petrolatum 2 
ounces, Oil of Mace 1 drachm, Oil of Wormwood 10 drops, Balsam Peru 2 
drachms. Make an Ointment. 

3828. Mayer's Ointment — Compound Lead Ointment Amer. Disp. 
olive Oil 2ji pounds, White Pine Turpentine '2 pound. Beeswax, unsalted 

Butter, each 4 ounces, Red Lead 1 pound, Money u ounces, powdered 1 am- 
Melt the Oil, Turpentine, Beeswax, and Butter together and 
strain, then heat to nearly boiling and gradually add the Red Lead, stirring 
the mixture constantly until it becomes brown or black, then remove from 
the tire and. u hen it becomes somewhat cool, add 10 h the l loney and I !am- 
phor, previously mixed together. 



994 UNGUENTA. URANIUM. UREA. 

3829. Ointment Nervine — Nervine Balsam.— Expressed Oil of Mace, 
Ox Marrow, each 4 ounces. Melt by gentle heat and add Oil of Rosemary 
2 drachms, Oil of Cloves 1 drachm, Camphor 1 drachm, Balsam Tolu 2 
drachms (the last two dissolved in Alcohol 4 drachms). 

3830. Pomade pour le Toncher or Obstetrical Ointment. — Yellow 
Wax, Spermaceti, each 1 ounce, Olive Oil 16 ounces. Melt together, strain, 
add Solution of Caustic Soda 1 fl. ounce, and stir until nearly cold. 

3831. Stramonium Ointment Compound — {Beach's). — Bittersweet, bark 
of root, Stramonium Leaves, Cicuta Leaves, Deadly Nightshade, Yellow Dock 
Root, each 2 ounces, Lard 1 pound, Venice Turpentine 2 ounces. Bruise 
the roots and leaves, cover them with Alcohol and digest with a moderate 
heat for four hours, then add the Lard and continue the heat until the leaves 
are crisped. Lastly, strain and express through linen, add the Turpentine 
and stir constantly until cold. 



URANIUM. 

Symbol, U ; Atomic weight, 238.5. 

This is a rare metal, discovered by Klaproth about a cen- 
tury ago, but seldom used. It is distinguished as having the 
greatest combining weight of any known element. • It unites 
with Oxygen, forming Uranic Oxide, U 2 3 , and with Chlo- 
rine, forming two Chlorides, U 2 C1 S and UC1 2 . Its salts are 
used in photography, but are seldom employed in pharmacy. 



UREA. 

COH 4 U 2 . 
This is a constituent of urine, and is noted as being the first 
organic compound artificially produced. Artificial Urea is 
employed in medicine. Its salts are sometimes employed as 
diuretics. 

3832. Nitrate of Urea. — This may be prepared by saturating artificial 
Urea with Nitric Acid, concentrating and crystallizing. The dose is from 2 
to 5 grains as a diuretic, especially in dropsy. Other salts of Urea may be 
prepared in the same manner. 

3833. Uric Acid — Lit hie Acid. — This occurs in the urine of certain 
animals and in morbid conditions of the kidneys. It is supposed to be the 
principal cause of acute rheumatic affections, gout, etc.. and is one of the 
most common constituents of urinary calculi. 



VANADIUM. VANILLIN. VAPORES — VAPORS. 995 

VANADIUM. 

Symbol, V; Atomic weight, 51.3. 

A rare metallic element, discovered in certain iron and cop- 
per ores in various parts of the world. The salts of Vana- 
dium are chiefly used in dyeing, but as it is very expensive it is 
only used by experienced dyers. Vanadium black is the rich- 
est and most permanent black dye known. An ink is also 
made with Vanadium Ammoniate, Acid, and infusion of Galls, 
which is very permanent and durable. With Oxygen it forms 
several oxides, but the most important salts of Vanadium are 
its ammonia compounds, known as Vanadinate of Ammonium. 



3834. VANILLIN. 

C 8 H 8 3 . 

Vanillin is the odorous crystalline principle of Vanilla and 
is chemically the Aldehyd of Methyl-protocatechuic Acid. It 
is also artificially prepared from the sap-wood or juice of pine 
trees, and from many other substances, by complex processes. 
It has been prepared and considerably sold for making Extract 
of Vanilla, but the flavor of the product lacks the richness 
and delicacy of the true extract or tincture made from Vanilla. 

One ounce of Vanillin with 1^ gallon of Cologne Spirit, 
1 V\ gallon of Water, and ^ gallon of Syrup, colored with 
Caramel, produces a fair imitation of Vanilla Extract. 



VAPORES VAPORS. 

In British Pharmacy Vapors are solutions of medicinal sub- 
stances which ait- volatilized by passing through a suitable 

apparatus, and an- intended to be us.-d by inhalation. It 
seems hardly necessary to have made them official. For the 
inhalation of different substances different kinds of apparatus 
are required. 



996 VAPO RES — VAPORS. 



3835. Vapor Acidi Hydrocyanici — Inhalation of Hydrocyanic Acid. — 
Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid 10 to 15 minims, Water (cold) 1 fl.drachm. Mix 
in a suitable apparatus and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 

3836. Vapor Chlori — Inhalation of Chlorine.— Chlorinated Lime 2 
ounces, Water (cold) a sufficiency. Put the powder into a suitable appara- 
tus, moisten it with the Water and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 

3837. Vapor Coninae — Inhalation of Conine. — ■ Juice of Hemlock (Co- 
nium) y z fl. ounce, Solution of Potash 1 fl. drachm, distilled Water 1 fl. ounce. 
Put 20 minims of the mixture on a sponge in a suitable apparatus so that the 
vapor of hot water passing over it may be inhaled. 

3838. Vapor Creasoti — Inhalation of Creasote. — Creasote 12 minims, 
boiling Water 8 fl.ounces. Mix the Creasote and Water in an apparatus so 
arranged that air may be made to pass through the solution and may after- 
ward be inhaled. 

3839. Vapor Iodi — Inhalation of Iodine. — Tincture of Iodine 1 
fl.drachm, Water 1 fl.ounce. Mix in a suitable apparatus, which can be gently 
heated, and let the vapor that arises be inhaled. 

3840. Vapor Olei Pini Sylvestris — Inhalation of Fir-wool Oil. — Oil 
of Fir-wool 40 minims, Light Carbonate of Magnesium 20 grains, Water a 
sufficiency. Rub the Oil with the Magnesium and gradually add sufficient 
Water to produce 1 fl.ounce. Put 1 fl.drachm of the mixture with 10 
fl.ounces of cold Water and 10 fl.ounces of boiling Water into an apparatus 
so arranged that air may be made to pass through the solution and may after- 
ward be inhaled. 

Other Vapors. 

A great variety of other volatile substances may be employed in the form 
of vapor in a similar manner. 

3841. Vapor of Carbolic Acid is prepared in the same manner as Vapor 
of Creasote. 

3842. Vapor of Nitrite of Amyl is prepared with Nitrite of Amyl 8 min- 
ims in Alcohol 1 ounce, and a fl.drachm used in a pint of Water at ioo° F., 
for asthma, headache, etc. 

3843. Vapors of Menthol, Thymol, and other similar substances are 
prepared in the same manner as Vapor of Fir-wool Oil. 

3844. Vapor of Terebene and of Essential Oils, etc., are prepared in 
the same manner. 

Besides this method of applying Vapors, Steam Atomisers are considera- 
bly used for the local treatment of the nasal organs and throat. By this 
means a spray of the medicinal substance is applied directly to the parts. 
Inhalations of Oxygen and other gaseous substances in the form of vapor 
or otherwise are also employed, with suitable apparatus. 



VINA — WINES. 997 



VINA — WINES. 

As considered in Pharmacy, Wines are liquid medicinal prep- 
arations in which Wine is chiefly used as the menstruum or 
vehicle for holding the medicinal principles in solution. They 
are similar to, but generally weaker than, Tinctures. 

The basis of the Medicinal Wines is the fermented juice of 
different varieties of grapes — the light colored varieties being 
known in U. S. Pharmacy as Vinum Album or White Wine, 
and the dark varieties being known as Vinum Rubrum or Red 
Wine. In other pharmacopoeias specific varieties of Wines 
are directed, as Vinum Xertcunt, Sherry Wine, Vinum Oporto 
or Port Wine, etc. 

As found in the market, Wines possess scarcely sufficient 
alcoholic strength for the solution and preservation of most 
medicinal substances. The U. S. Pharmacopoeia therefore 
directs that they shall be fortified with Alcohol sufficient to 
make up for this deficiency, as instanced in Vinum Album 
Fortius. 

The following are the official Wines of the leading phar- 
macopoeias : 

3846. Vinum Album. 

This is described in the U. S. P. as a p. lie amber-colored 
or straw-colored alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the 
unmodified juice of the grape, freed from seeds, stems, and 
skins. It should not contain less than 10 nor more than [2 
per cent., by weight, of Absolute Alcohol. 

3847. Vinum Album Fortius. 

Stronger White Wine. 

White Wine 7 parts or 55 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol I part or . , « _. ll. ounces. 

Mix tin-in. When tested for Alcohol, as described under 

White Wine, Stronger White- Wine should contain not less 

than 20 per cent, nor more than 25 per cent, oi Absolute Alco- 
hol, by weight. V . S. t88o. 



998 VINA — WINES. 



The object of adding Alcohol is to have a Wine for pharma- 
ceutical purposes that will contain a definite and sufficient 
quantity of Alcohol to dissolve and preserve medicinal agents 
with which it is combined. This preparation is used as the 
base of all the medicinal Wines of the U. S. 1880 Pharmaco- 
poeia, in place of " Sherry Wine," which was directed in all 
the formulas of the 1870 revision. While this change is no 
doubt beneficial in a general sense, the present preparations will 
not necessarily correspond in flavor nor appearance with those 
that have been formerly prepared for any Wine, except a Red 
Wine may be used. 

3848. Vinum Aloes. 

Wine of Aloes. 

Purified Aloes, 6 parts or 1 ounce av. 

Cardamom, 1 part or 73 grains. 

Ginger, 1 part or y^ grains. 

Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make a pint. 

Mix the Aloes, Cardamom, and Ginger and reduce them to 
a moderately coarse powder, macerate the powder with 13 
ounces of the Wine for seven days, with occasional agitation, 
and filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
Wine to make a pint of the finished liquid. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. formula is Socotrine Aloes 1 % ounce av., Cardamom 
Seeds, bruised, 80 grains, Ginger, in coarse powder, 80 grains, 
Sherry 40 fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days and filter. 

The dose of Wine of Aloes is from 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 

3849. Vinum Antimonii 

Wine of Antimony. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Po- 
tassium, 4 parts or 29 grains. 

Boiling Distilled Water, ... 60 parts or 1 fl. ounce. 

Stronger White Wine, suffici- 
ent to make 1000 parts or a pint. 

Dissolve the Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium in the 
Water, and, while the solution is hot, add 10 fl. ounces of Wine 



VINA — WINES. 999 



and filter through paper, adding through the filter enough 
Wine to make the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 

Vinum Antimoniale or Antimonial Wine. — Under this title 
the Br. P. directs Tartrated Antimony 1 part or 40 grains, 
Sherry 219 fl. parts or 1 pint Imperial (20 fl. ounces). 

Vinium Stibiatum of the G. P. is made with Tartrate of Anti- 
mony and Potassium I part, dissolved in Sherry Wine 250 parts. 

The dose of Wine of Antimony is from 5 to 15 minims for 
cough and bronchial troubles, and a fl. drachm as an emetic, 
repeated if necessary. 

3850. Vinum Aromaticum. 

Aromatic Wine. 

Lavender, 

Origanum, 

Peppermint, 

Rosemary, 

Sage, 

Wormwood, 

Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make 100 parts or a pint. 
Mix the solid ingredients and reduce them to a coarse pow- 
der, moisten the powder with a fl. ounce of Stronger White 
Wine, pack it moderately in a conical glass percolator and 
gradually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make 
the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 

This is somewhat similar to the Vin Aromatique of the 
French Codex. 



each, .... 1 part or 72 grains. 



3851. Vinum Aurantii. Br. 

Orange Wine. 

Wine made: in Britain by the fermentation of a saccharine 
solution to which the fresh peel of the Bitter Orange has been 
added. Br. 

This official Br. Wine is simply a Wine flavored with ( >range, 
and it seems unnecessary to be to so much trouble to prepare 
it. It may be readily prepared by adding a sufficient quantity 
of Tincture of fresh Orange Peel or a Solution of ( hi of Bit- 
ter ' Grange in Alcohol to Sherry or other White Wine. 

Orange Wane is used for making flavored medicinal Wines. 



1000 VINA — WINES. 



3852. Vinum Camphoratum. G. P. 

Wine of Camphor. 

Camphor, 1 part. 

Alcohol, 1 part. 

Mucilage of Acacia, 3 parts. 

White Wine, 45 parts. 

Dissolve the Camphor by rubbing with the Alcohol and 
gradually add the remaining ingredients. By using Water 
instead of Wine this maybe dispensed as Camphor Julep when 
wanted. 

3853. Vinum Chinae. G. P. 

Wine of Cinchona. 

Tincture of Cinchona, 1 part. 

Glycerin, 1 part. 

Sherry Wine, 3 parts. 

Mix and set the mixture aside for three weeks, then filter. 
See, also, Wine of Calisaya (3875). Wine of Cinchona made 
from the alkaloids of the bark is generally preferred to this. 

3854. Vinum Colchici Radicis. 

Wine of Colchicum Root. 

Colchicum Root, .... 40 parts or 13^ ounces av. 
Stronger White Wine, suf- 
ficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 

Reduce the Root to a No. 30 powder, and moisten it with 
6 fl. ounces of Wine, pack it moderately in a conical percolator, 
and gradually pour enough Wine upon it to make the filtered 
liquid measure 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 

This is a standard remedy for rheumatism and gout, the 
dose being 5 to 20 minims. 

The Br. P. directs Colchicum Corm (root), in No. 20 powder, 
4 ounces av., to be macerated with 20 fl. ounces of Sherry, then 
pressed and strained through calico and sufficient Sherry added 
to make 20 fl. ounces. 

This is only about half the strength of the U. S. preparation. 

The dose is 10 to 30 minims. 



VINA — WINES. 1001 



3855. Vinum Colchici Seminis. 

Wine of Colchicum Seed. 

Colchicum Seed, ... 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
Stronger White Wine, suf- 
ficient to make . . . 100 parts or 2 pints. 
Reduce the Seed to a No. 20 powder and macerate it for 
seven days with 30 fl. ounces of the Wine, then filter and add 
through the filter enough Wine to make 2 pints. U. S. 1880. 
This is given for Rheumatism, etc., the dose being 10 to 20 
minims. 

The G. P. directs Colchicum Seed 1 part, to be macerated 
with Sherry Wine 10 parts, for eight days, then expressed and 
the liquid filtered. 

The dose is 10 to 30 minims. 

3856. Vinum Ergotae. 

Wine of Ergot. 

Ergot, in No. 30 powder, 15 parts or 4^ ounces av. 
Stronger White Wine, 

sufficient to make . .100 parts or 2 pints. 

Moisten the powder with 10 fl. ounces of Stronger White 
Wine, pack it moderately in a cylindrical percolator and grad- 
ually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make 2 
pints. U. S. 1880. 

This preparation, which was formerly very much prescribed 
and used by physicians, is now but little employed, as the 
Fluid Extract is more concentrated and convenient. 

3857. Vinum Ferri. Br. 

Wine of Iron. 
[ron Wire 1 ounce or 1 part. 

Shell)' 20 ll. ounces or 20 ll. parts. 

Macerate for 30 days in a closed vessel, the Iron being 
almost but not wholly immersed in the Win., and the vessel 
frequently shaken and the stopper removed, then filter. 

The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms. 



1002 VINA — WINES. 



3858. Vinum Ferri Amarum. 

Bitter Wine of Iron. 

Solution of Citrate of Iron and Quinine, . 8 parts. 

Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel 12 parts. 

Syrup, 36 parts. 

Stronger White Wine 44 parts. 

To make 100 parts. 

Mix and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 

Few druggists keep the solution of Citrate of Iron and 
Quinine on hand, and if it is desired to make this preparation 
from the officinal formula or its equivalent, the scale salt, 
Citrate of Iron and Quinine may be used. The following is 
identical in composition with the officinal formula: 

Citrate of Iron and Quinine (soluble) . . 580 grains. 

Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel 4 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 10 fl. ounces. 

Stronger White Wine, 16 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

To 1 ounce of hot Water, in an evaporating dish, gradually 
add the Citrate of Iron and Quinine, agitating it gently over 
a spirit lamp until the salt is dissolved, add the solution to the 
Tincture, then mix with the Syrup and Wine and add enough 
Water to make the measure 2 pints. 

This is unlike the Bitter Wine of Iron furnished by manu- 
facturers, being much stronger of both Iron and Quinine. 
See 3876. 

3859. Vinum Ferri Citratis. 

Wine of Citrate of Iron. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammo- 
nium, 4 parts or 580 grains. 

Tincture of Sweet Orange 

Peel, 12 parts or 4^ fl. ounces. 

Syrup, 12 parts or 3 fl. ounces. 

Stronger White Wine, . . 72 parts or 23 fl. ounces. 

Mix and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 



VINA — WINES. 1003 



The Citrate of Iron should be dissolved in an ounce of warm 
Water before adding to the other ingredients. 

The Br. P. formula is Citrate of Iron and Ammonium 160 
grains or I part, Orange Wine 20 fl. ounces or 55 fl. parts. Dis- 
solve and let the solution remain for three days in a closed 
vessel, shaking occasionally; afterwards filter. 

The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Other soluble salts of Iron that are not precipitated by the 
acid of the Wine may be used. 

3860. Vinum Ipecacuanhas. 

J Vine of Ipecac. 
Fluid Extract of Ipecac, . 7 parts or 2]^ fl. ounces. 
Stronger White Wine, . 93 parts or 30 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and filter through paper. U. S. 1880. 

The Br. P. formula is Ipecacuanha, coarsely powdered, 1 
ounce, Acetic Acid 1 fl. ounce, distilled Water a sufficiency. 
Sherry 20 fl. ounces. Macerate the powder in the Acid for 24 
hours, transfer to a percolator and pass sufficient distilled 
Water through it to produce 20 fl. ounces of the liquor, evapo- 
rate the product to dryness over a water-bath, powder the resi- 
due and macerate it in the Sherry for 48 hours, with occasional 
agitation, and filter. 

The G. P. directs 1 part of Ipecac to be macerated with 10 
parts of Sherry Wine. 

It will be observed that the U. S. preparation represents 7 
per cent., the Br. 5 per cent., and the German 10 per cent, of 
the drug. 

The dose is from 5 to 20 minims, as an expectorant, and 
from l to 3 fl. drachms, as an emetic. 

3861. Vinum Opii. 
Wine of Opium. 

U. S. P. [870. 

Opium, in powder 960 grains. 

Cinnamon, in powdei 60 grains. 

Cloves, in powder 60 grains. 

Sluii}' Wine, sufficient to make .... a pint. 



1004 VINA — WINES. 



U. S. P 1880. 

Powdered Opium, 829 grains. 

Cinnamon, in powder, 73 grains. 

Cloves, in powder, 73 grains. 

Stronger White Wine, sufficient to make a pint. 
To the mixed powders add 14 fl. ounces of the Wine and 
macerate the mixture for seven days, with occasional agitation, 
then transfer it to a filter and gradually pour enough Wine 
upon it to make the filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 1880. 
Although this preparation is now but seldom used, the dif- 
ference in the strength of Opium should be noted, the 1880 
being about one third weaker than the 1870. 

The Br. P. directs Extract of Opium 1 ounce av., Cinnamon 
Bark, bruised, 75 grains, Cloves, bruised, 75 grains, Sherry 1 
pint. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel and filter. 
The dose is 10 to 40 minims. 

3862. Vinum Pepsini. G. P. 

Wine of Pepsin. 

Pepsin, . . . 50 parts. 

Glycerin, 50 parts. 

Water, 50 parts. 

White Wine, 1845 parts. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 5 parts. 

Rub the Pepsin, Glycerin, and Water together to a thin 
paste, then add the Wine and Acid, set aside for six days, with 
occasional stirring, and filter. See also Wine of Pepsin (3883). 

3863. Vinum Quininse. Br. 

Wine of Quinine. 
Sulphate of Quinine, . . 20 grains or 1 part. 

Citric Acid, 30 grains or \y 2 part. 

Orange Wine, .... 20 fl. ounces or 438 parts. 
Dissolve first the Citric Acid and the Quinine salt in the 
Wine, allow the solution to remain for three days in a closed 
vessel, shaking it occasionally, and afterwards filter. 

A fl. ounce contains I grain of Quinine. Dose, 1 to 2 table- 



spoonfuls. 



VINA — WINES. 1005 






A formula for Quinine Wine was given in a former edition 
of FENNER'S FORMULARY, double the strength of this. It 
was Sulphate of Quinine 32 grains, Sherry Wine 12 fl. ounces, 
Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Syrup 1 ounce, Soluble Flavoring 1 ounce. 

A tablespoonful contains 1 grain of Quinine. 

3864. Vinum Rhei. 

Wine of Rhubarb. 
Rhubarb, No. 30 powder, . 10 parts or 730 grains. 
Calamus, No. 30 powder, . 1 part or 73 grains. 
Stronger White Wine, suffi- 
cient to make 100 parts or a pint. 

Moisten the mixed powders with 2 ounces of Stronger White 
Wine, pack the mixture in a conical glass percolator and grad- 
ually pour enough Stronger White Wine upon it to make the 
filtered liquid measure a pint. U. S. 18S0. 

The Br. P. formula is Rhubarb Root, in coarse powder, 1^ 
ounce av., Canella bark, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Sherry 20 
fl. ounces. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, then 
strain, press, filter, and add Sherry to make 20 fl. ounces. 

3865. Vinum Rubrum. 

Red Wine. 

The U. S. P. describes this as a deep-red alcoholic liquid, 
made by fermenting the juice of colored grapes in presence of 
their skins. It should contain not less than 10 nor more than 
12 per cent., by weight, of Absolute Alcohol. 

3866. Vinum Xericum. 

Sherry. 
This is a light-colored Spanish Wine, which was formerly 
directed to be used in the U. S. 1'.. and is still directed in the 

Br. P. [t contains a larger percentage of Alcohol than mosl 
Wines, about 17 per cent, being the avera 

Other varieties of Wine are also used for making the official 
preparations, the California and native Wines being consider- 
ably used. It is only required that they contain sufficient 
alcohol to keep the preparations. 



1006 VINA — WINES. 



Other Medicinal Wines. 

The foregoing Wines are those official in the leading phar- 
macopoeias, but besides these are many unofficial medicinal 
Wines which are considerably used, the most important among 
them being known as elegant preparations. They are, there- 
fore, given the same prominence as the official Wines. 

3870. Prepared Wine. 

For making medicinal Wines, containing organic salts or 
principles, or salts of Iron, it is necessary to use a Wine which 
is free fron tannin or astringent principles which will cause dis- 
coloration or precipitation. Many of the Wines, also, have 
not sufficient alcoholic strength to keep the preparations in 
which they are combined, and it is necessary to add more Alco- 
hol to them, as is directed for making the Stronger White 
Wine of the U. S. P. 

In making the following Wines, therefore, it is expedient to 
have a Prepared Wine which corresponds with these require- 
ments, as follows : 

White Wine, Sherry or native, .... 7 pints. 

White of Egg, 1 fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Beat the White of Egg to a froth and mix it with the Wine, 
heat to about 170 F., or until the albumen is coagulated, then 
cool, add the Alcohol and, after standing a few hours, filter 
clear through paper. 

This serves as a basis for all the medicinal Wines which fol- 
low, and may with advantage be used in the official Wines 
foregoing in place of the Stronger White Wine directed. 

3871. Aromatic Wine. 

Cinnamon, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 

Nutmeg, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 

Cloves, in fine powder, 1 ounce av. 

Soluble Flavoring, 2 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 2 pints. 

Macerate for 14 days and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. 



VINA — WINES. 1007 



3872. Wine of Beef. 

Leibig's Extract of Meat I ounce av. 

Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Extract of Meat with the Elixir and add the Wine. 
After standing a few days, filter. 

A tablespoonful, which is the usual dose, represents 1 ounce 
of fresh beef. 

This preparation is really much more desirable than the pop- 
ular Wine of Beef and Iron, as the Iron is better in some 
other combination than with the beef. See remarks after 
Wine of Beef and Iron. 

3873. Wine of Beef and Iron. 

Leibig's Extract of Meat, y 2 ounce av. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 64 grains. 
(Other soluble salts of Iron may be used. ) 

Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Extract of Meat with the Elixir, dissolve the Iron 
salt in about ]/ 2 fl. ounce of hot Water and add to the Wine. 
then mix the Wine with the mixture of Beef, etc., and set 
aside, agitating occasionally, for several weeks, then filter. 

A tablespoonful represents x / 2 ounce of fresh Beef and 2 
grains of the Iron salt. 

In this preparation an action between the salts which arc 
contained in the Meat Extract, the acid of the Wine, and the sol- 
uble salt of Iron which is used, continues to take place for some 
time after the preparation is made, resulting in the reduction 
of a portion of the Iron salt to an insoluble salt (mainly ( >xide 
of Iron). This cannot be avoided in the preparation except 
by the introduction of undesirable agents, and the only way 
to make- a satisfactory Wine of Beef and Iron is to let it stand 

until the action is completed, before filtering, for, if filtered 
when freshly made, it will soon precipitate and continue to do 
so after repeated filtrations unless allowed to stand at least 

four weeks alter being made, when it should be filtered. 



1008 



3874. Wine of Beef, Iron, and Cinchona. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 5 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 10 grains. 

Wine of Beef and Iron, 1 pint. 

Rub the Sulphates with a portion of the Wine of Beef and 
Iron, add the remainder, and, after standing, filter. 

A dessertspoonful of this preparation represents about 10 
grains of Cinchona in addition to the Wine of Beef and Iron. 

3875. Wine of Calisaya. 

Wine of Cinchona. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 90 grains. 

Elixir, 2 pints. 

Prepared Wine, 6 pints. 

Mix the Wine and Elixir, rub the Sulphates first with a por- 
tion of the mixture, then add the remainder and color as 
desired with Caramel and Cochineal Red. 

A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, represents about 10 grains 
of Cinchona or Calisaya Bark. 

This may also be prepared from the bark if desired, by per- 
colating 1% ounce of the bark with the mixture of Elixir and 
Wine sufficient to make a pint of the preparation. Also, by 
mixing 1^ fl. ounce of Fluid Extract of Calisaya or Cinchona, 
either plain or detannated, with enough of the mixed Wine 
and Elixir to make a pint. 

The preparation made from the salts is, however, generally 
preferred, and is much less trouble to make than from the bark. 

3876. Bitter Wine of Iron. 

Wine of Cinchona and Iron. 

The formula for this preparation is now official in the U. S. 
P., and is given, with suggestions, etc., on page 1002. It may be 
added here, however, that any soluble salt of Iron may be 
used, and an equivalent quantity of the salts of Cinchona 
added. 



VINA — WINES. 1009 



We give the following formula, which will probably give 
better general satisfaction than those mentioned : 

Sulphate of Quinine, 60 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine 90 grains. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 2 ounces av. 

Elixir 1 3-/ pint. 

Prepared Wine 6 pints. 

Water, '. y^ pint. 

Rub the Sulphates with the Elixir and add the Prepared 
Wine, dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat, 
and add the Solution of Quinine, etc., gradually to the Solution 
of Iron, with constant stirring, until they are thoroughly 
mixed, and filter if necessary. 

As thus prepared it will be a light, greenish-colored prepara- 
tion. It may be colored dark with caramel, or reddish-brown 
with caramel and cochineal red. 

If Citrate of Iron and Ammonium is used instead of the 
Phosphate, it imparts the desired color, but is more liable to 
precipitate after standing. It may be more highly flavored, if 
desired, by adding Soluble Flavoring. 

This preparation represents in a dessertspoonful, the usual 
close, about 10 grains of Cinchona and 2 grains of the Iron salt. 

3877. Wine of Calisaya, Iron, and Strychnine. 

Wine of Cinchona, Iron, and Strychnine. 

Sulphate of Strychnine 1 '_< grain. 

Hitter Wine of 1 ron i pint. 

Dissolve the Strychnine salt by rubbing with separate por- 
tions of the Bitter Wine of Iron, or use Solution of Strych- 
nine (1942) 1 1 .. fl.drachm instead ol the salt. 

A fl.drachm contains ,,',„ grain of Strychnine combined with 
Bitter Wine of I ron. 

3878. Wine of Coca or Erythroxylon. 

Coca Leaves, in coarse powder, 3 ounces av. 

Elixir ') fl.oum 

Prepared Wine 1 .: fl.oum 



1010 VINA — WINES. 



Percolate the drug with the mixed Wine and Elixir until I 
pint is obtained. 

This may also be made by mixing 3 fl. ounces of Fluid 
Extract of Coca with a mixture of 2 parts of Prepared Wine 
and I part of Elixir, sufficient to make I pint. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful or more. 

3879. Wine of Cotton Root or Gossypium. 

This is most readily prepared from the Fluid Extract, as 
follows : 

Fluid Extract of Cotton Root, ... 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 8 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. As a portion of the properties of Cotton Root 
is insoluble except in Alcohol a precipitate forms, and the 
preparation must be filtered. 

This is given in doses of 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a uterine tonic. 

3880. Wine of Damiana or Turneria. 

Fluid Extract of Damiana, . . . . . 3 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 10 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 3 fl. ounces. 

Mix them and, after standing, filter. 

The dose is 1 to 4 fl. drachms as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. 

3881. Wine of Iron. 

This may be prepared from any of the soluble salts of Iron. 
The following will give the best satisfaction : 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . 256 grains. 

Elixir, 5 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 10 fl. ounces. 

Water, . ^ fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in the Water by the aid of heat and 
add to the solution, first, the Elixir, then the Wine, and, after 
standing, filter if necessary. 

A fl. drachm contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. The dose is 
a teaspoonful or more. 



VINA — WINES. 1011 



3882. Wine of Pancreatin. 

Powdered Pancreatin 160 grains. 

Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, 12 fl. ounces. 

Soluble Flavoring l / 2 fl. ounce. 

Mix them and macerate for several days, with occasional agita- 
tion, then strain through muslin or filter through coarse paper. 

This may also be prepared by macerating fresh Pancreas of 
the pig, chopped fine, with a mixture of Prepared Wine and 
Elixir, in the same proportion as above, using 1 pint of the 
mixture to half a pound of the chopped pancreas. 

A tablespoonful of this Wine represents 5 grains of Pancre- 
atin. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3883. Wine of Pepsin. 

The formula for this Wine is given among the official prep- 
arations, but the product prepared from it does not correspond 
with that usually found on the market by that name, which 
may be made as follows : 

Pepsin, in scales, 256 grains. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 30 minims. 

Distilled Water, ill. ounce 

Prepared Wine, 1 5 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Pepsin to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
Water until it softens to a gelatinous mass, then add the 
Hydrochloric Acid and the Prepared Wine, and agitate occa- 
sionally until the Pepsin is dissolved, and strain through mus- 
lin. Do not filter. This is the most effective Wine of Pepsin, 
but, as it is not sweetened nor flavored, it is not so pleasanl 
as the following : 

Saccharated Pepsin 256 grains. 

Elixir 4 ll. ounces. 

I [ydrochloric Acid 15 minims. 

Soluble flavoring | . fl.ounce. 

Prepared \\ ine 12 flounces. 

Mix and macerate, with occasional agitation, for several 
days, then strain or filter through coarse paper. 



1012 VINA — WINES. 

Wine of Pepsin may also be made by macerating the freshly 
dissected inner coating of the pig's stomach with Prepared 
Wine. When thus made there is no very definite strength to 
the preparation, but the general rule is to use one stomach to 
make a pint of the preparation. 

The dose of Wine of Pepsin is from a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful. 

Combinations of Wine of Pepsin with Bismuth are adver- 
tised by manufacturers, but they cannot be prepared except by 
neutralizing the Wine which is used, and the Elixirs of Pepsin 
and Bismuth are more desirable. 

3884. Wine of Pepsin and Iron. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . . 128 grains. 

Wine of Pepsin, 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron salt in ]/ 2 fl. ounce of Water and add to the 
Wine of Pepsin. 

A dessertspoonful contains 2 grains of the Iron salt. 

3885. Wine of Tar. 

Pine Tar, 1 ounce av. 

Pine Sawdust, 2 ounces av. 

Elixir, ! 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, sufficient to make . . a pint. 
Rub the Tar in a mortar with the Pine Sawdust, mix the 
Elixir with 12 flounces of the Prepared Wine and rub with 
the Tar, etc., in a mortar, filter and add through the filter 
sufficient Prepared Wine to make 1 pint. 

3886. Vitalized Wine. 

Phosphorus, yi grain. 

Absolute Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Phosphate of Iron, 64 grains. 

Prepared Wine, 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Phosphorus in the Absolute Alcohol by means 
of a water-bath, add the Glycerin, then the Wine, dissolve 



VINA — WINES. 1018 

the Iron salt in the y 2 fl. ounce of Water and add to the 
solution. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3887. Wine of Wild Cherry. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry. ... 2 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 4 fl. ounces. 

Prepared Wine, sufficient to make . . 1 pint. 
Mix them and, after standing 24 hours, filter. 
This may also be prepared by percolating the bark with the 
liquids, or by crushing 2 ounces of Wild Cherry Pits and mac- 
erating with the mixture of Elixir. Wine. etc.. sufficient to 
make 1 pint. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

3888. Wine of Wild Cherry and Iron. 

As the Wine of Wild Cherry, prepared from the bark, con- 
tains considerable astringent or tannin, it will not combine 
with Iron without making an inky mixture, except it is detan- 
nated, which may be done as directed (515). The preparation 
may then be made as follows: 

Wine of Wild Cherry, detannated, . . 1 pint. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales (1880), . .128 grains. 
Dissolve the Iron in l / z fl. ounce of hot Water and add to the 
Wine. 

As the detannated Wine of Wild Cherry contains little else 
of the medicinal properties of the bark except the Hydrocy- 
anic Acid and flavoring Ingredients, a preparation which 
answers the purpose may be made from the following formula: 

Oil of Cherry Laurel Leaves 15 minims. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted, U. S., . . 30 minims. 

Phosphate of Iron, in scales 1 i38o), . .128 grains. 

Glycerin 1 11. ounce 

Elixir, \ il.MMi, 

Prepared Wine, to make 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iron sail in % fl.ounce of hoi Water and add to 
the mixed Wine, Glycerin, and Elixir, then add the Acid and 



1014 V IN A — WINES. 

Oil, mixing them thoroughly together, color with Caramel and, 
after standing a few days, filter. Other soluble salts of Iron 
may be used instead of the Phosphate. 

Other Medicinal Wines. 

But few Medicinal Wines, except those already noted, are now used in 
medicine.* Wine was once a favorite vehicle for exhausting medicinal prin- 
ciples and the administration of medicine, but has now given way to more 
stable and uniform alcoholic liquids. A few Wines that are now occasionally 
called for are noticed as follows : 

3889. Antiscrobutic Wine — (Paris Codex). — Fresh Horseradish Root 
3 ounces, Scurvygrass 1% ounce, Watercress Leaves \]4. ounce, Buckbean 
1% ounce, Mustard Seed \ l /z ounce, Chloride of Ammonium 5^ drachms, 
Wine 5 pints. Compound Spirit of Scurvygrass 1% ounce. Macerate for 14 
days, drain, and express. 

3890. Wine of Comfrey Compound — Restorative Wine Bitters — 
(Amer. Disp.). — Comfrey Root, Solomon's Seal Root, Helonias Root, each 
in coarse powder, 1 ounce, Chamomile Flowers, Colombo Root, Gentian 
Root, Cardamom Seed, Sassafras Bark, each in coarse powder, y 2 ounce. 
Sherry Wine 4 pints, boiling Water a sufficient quantity. Pour boiling Water 
upon the drugs in a covered vessel, sufficient to cover them, let macerate 24 
hours, then add the Wine, macerate for 14 days, express, and strain. 

3891. Wine of Gentian Compound — Bitter Wine Tonic. — This may 
be prepared by mixing 4 fl.drachms of Fluid Extract of Gentian Compound 
with 4 fl. ounces of Elixir and 12 flounces of Prepared Wine. 

A Bitter Wine of Iron may be made by adding 1 28 grains of Phosphate 
of Iron to this preparation. This is desirable for some purposes, for example, 
it may be combined with Iodide of Potassium, while the Bitter Wine of Iron 
made from Cinchona salts is not compatible with it. 

3892. Wine of Golden Seal Compound — (Amer. Disp.). — Golden Seal 
Root, Tulip Tree Bark, Biiterroot, each in fine powder, 1 drachm, Prickly- 
Ash Berries, Sassafras Bark, Capsicum, each in fine powder, ]/ 2 drachm, 
Sherry Wine 3 pints. Macerate 14 days and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

3893. Wine of Hellebore Compound — (Amer. Disp.) — Black Hellebore, 
in coarse powder, Logwood, ground, Helonias Root, in powder, each 2 
ounces, Sherry Wine sufficient to make \ l / 2 pint. Uterine tonic, etc. Dose, 
tablespoonful or more. 

3894. Simple Wines of Drugs.— Wines may be made from many roots 
barks, leaves, flowers, etc., by macerating the substances, in coarse powder, 
with Sherry or other Wine, or by adding their fluid extracts to Wine. The 
proportion is usually 1 ounce in a pint of Wine, for ordinary preparations, 
and a less quantity of more powerful drugs. 



ZINCUM — ZINC. 1015 



ZINCUM — ZINC. 

Symbol, Zn ; Atomic weight, 64.9; Sp. gr. 6.8 to 7.2. 

This elementary metal was known to the ancient metal- 
workers, but was first introduced to notice by Paracelsus in 
the 16th century. It is obtained by roasting its ores, by which 
it is volatilized, its vapor being collected in suitable receivers 
under water. It is a bluish-white metal, tough and ductile 
when cold, brittle and easily pulverized when heated to about 
400 F. ; is fused at ;~$ I\, and burns with a bright green 
flame when heated to 941 F. in contact with the air. It is 
grouped with Aluminium, Cereum, and Cadmium, as it resem- 
bles them in physical properties. In the arts it is one of the 
most important metals, being extensively used in the man- 
ufacture of a great variety of useful and ornamental articles, 
and, combined with copper, forming brass and other alloys, 
which are of great importance. In pharmacy Zinc is the 
source of several important salts which are used in medicine 
and for other purposes. 

The official salts of Zinc are as follows: 

3895. Zinci Acetas. 

Acetate of Zinc— White Vitriol. 
Zn(C s H s ( > 8 ) 8 .3H 2 ( >. 

This is official in nearly all countries. Tin Br. 1'. formula 
for preparing it is : 

Carbonate of Zinc 2 ounces av. 

Acetic Acid, 5 fl. ounces or a sufficiency. 

Distilled Water <> ll. ounces. 

Add the Carbonate of Zinc, in successive portions, to 3 
ounces of the Acetic Acid, previously mixed with the Water in 
a flask-, heat gently, add by degrees the remainder of the A.< id 
till the Carbonate is dissolved, boil for a few minutes, filter 
while hot and set it aside for two days to crystallize. The 
crystals may be removed and more obtained by concentrating 
the liquid. The crystals arc drained and dried on porous tiles. 

Uses. — This salt is used for injection-, and washes, and is 
given as a tonic in doses of 1 to 2 grains, and as an emetic in 
ol io to 20 grains. 



1010 ZINCUM — ZINC. 



3896. Zinci Bromidum. 

Bromide of Zinc. 
ZnBr. 

This is official in the U. S. P. The formula is not given, but 
it may be made by double decomposition between Bromide 
of Potassium and Sulphate of Zinc, as follows : 

Bromide of Potassium, . . . 100 parts or grains. 
Sulphate of Zinc, 240 parts or grains. 

Dissolve them, each separately, in the smallest requisite 
quantity of hot Water and mix the solutions while hot, when 
the mixture is cool add twice its volume of Alcohol, filter 
through asbestos to separate the Sulphate of Potassium, which 
is precipitated, and evaporate the filtered liquid to dryness and 
granulation. 

Uses. — This salt of Zinc is given as a hypnotic in doses of 
5 grains. 

3897. Zinci Carbonas Praecipitatus. 

Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. 
(ZnC0 3 ) 2 .3Zn(HO) 2 . 
Impure Carbonate of Zinc is known as Calamine, and is 
frequently directed in older pharmaceutical works ; but the 
precipitated salt is now generally used in medicine. 

The U. S. P. gives no formula for Precipitated Carbonate of 
Zinc, but the Br. P. directs : 

Sulphate of Zinc, 10 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 10^ ounces av. 

Boiling Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Dissolve the Carbonate of Sodium in a pint of the Water in 
a capacious porcelain vessel and pour into it a solution of the 
Sulphate of Zinc, in 20 fl. ounces of the Water, stirring dili- 
gently ; boil for 15 minutes after effervescense has ceased and let 
the precipitate subside, decant the supernatant liquid, pour on 
the precipitate 60 fl. ounces of boiling distilled Water, agitat- 
ing briskly ; let the precipitate again subside and repeat the 
washing with hot distilled Water until the washings give no 



ZINCUM — ZINC. 1017 



precipitate with Chloride of Barium, then drain and dry the 
precipitate. 

Uses. — This is considerably used externally in the form of 
ointment and washes, and is the working basis of many other 
of the Zinc salts. Calamine is used in making ointments and 
in injections, etc. 

3898. Zinci Chloridum. 

Chloride of Zinc. 

ZnCl 2 . 

Commercial Chloride of Zinc is prepared by adding Zinc to 

Hydrochloric Acid and Water as long as it will dissolve, then 

evaporating until it will solidity. The pure salt is made by 

the Br. P. formula as follows: 

Granulated Zinc 16 ounces av. 

Hydrochloric Acid 44 fl. ounces. 

Solution of Chlorine, a sufficiency. 

Carbonate of Zinc, q. s., about . . }4 ounce av. 

Distilled Water,' 20 fl. ounces. 

Put the Zinc into a porcelain basin. ,n\(.\ by degrees the 
Hydrochloric Acid, previously mixed with the Water, and aid 
the action by gently warming on a sand-bath until gas is no 
longer evolved, boil for half an hour, supplying the Water 
lost by evaporation, and allow to stand on a cool part of the 
sandbath for 24 hours, stirring frequently. 

The liquid is then tested for iron <>r lead, which air removed, 
if present, by the Solution of Chlorine and the Carbonate of 
Zinc. It is then filtered and evaporated to a liquid which 
solidifies when cold, and moulded, granulated, or otherwise 
put u]) for convenient use. 

For many purposes it is unnecessary t<> make .1 chemically 
pure salt as above directed. Ordinary Chloride of Zinc may 
be made by dissolving Zinc t<> saturation in Hydrochloric 
Arid and evaporating the solution to dryness. 

Uses. Chloride of Zinc is considerably used as an antisep- 
ti< ,[])i\ disinfectant. It is .\\^<> employed .is an escharotic, 
and is a favorite application to war: nc< 3, etc. 



1018 ZINCUM — ZINC. 

3899. Zinci Iodidum. 

Iodide of Zinc. 
Znl 2 . 
This may be prepared by digesting granulated Zinc in excess 
with Iodine diffused in Water in a manner similar as is directed 
for making Iodide of Iron. (See page 506.) 

Uses. — This is given as an alterative in doses of y 2 to 2 
grains. 

3900. Zinci Oxidum. 

Oxide of Zinc. 
ZnO. 
The Br. P. directs to place Carbonate of Zinc, 6 ounces, in a 
loosely-covered Hessian Crucible and expose it to a dull red 
heat until a portion, taken from the centre of the contents of 
the crucible and cooled, no longer effervesces when moistened 
with Water and dropped into diluted Sulphuric Acid. The 
Carbonic Acid and Water are expelled by the heat. 

Uses. — Commercial Oxide of Zinc is extensively used for a 
paint base and for many industrial purposes. Pure Oxide of 
Zinc is used extensively in powder and in the form of Oint- 
ment. It is also an ingredient in face powders, liquid cosme- 
tiques, etc. 

3901. Zinci Phosphidum. 

Phosphide of Zinc. 
Zn 3 P 2 . 

This may be made by fusing Zinc in a properly constructed 
apparatus and passing over the melted mass vapors of Phos- 
phorus in a current of dry Hydrogen until the Zinc is con- 
verted into a Phosphide. It is only made by manufacturing 
chemists. 

Uses. — Phosphide of Zinc is a nerve stimulant and aphro- 
disiac, largely given for nervous debility and loss of vital 
power. It is safer and less irritating than Phosphorus. The 
dose is from ^ to J 8 grain in powder or in pills. 



1019 



3902. Zinci Sulphas. 

Sulphate of Zinc. 
ZnS0 4 7H 8 0. 

The U. S. P. gives no formula for preparing this salt, but 
the Br. P. directs as follows : 

Granulated Zinc 16 ounces av. 

Sulphuric Acid 12 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water 8o fl. ounces. 

Solution of Chlorine, a sufficiency. 

Carbonate of Zinc. ^ ounce av., or a sufficiency. 
Pour the Sulphuric Acid, previously mixed with Water, on 
the Zinc contained in a porcelain basin, and when efferves- 
cense has nearly ceased aid the action by heat. 

A few drops of the liquid may then be tested for Iron by 
adding excess of Ammonia and then Sulphydrate of Ammo- 
nium, when a black precipitate will be produced if Iron is 
present. For commercial Sulphate of Zinc it is unnecessary 
to remove it, but if a pure salt is desired the solution may be 
freed from it by adding the Solution of Chlorine until the 
liquid acquires a permanent odor of Chlorine, then add, with 
continued agitation, the Carbonate of Zinc until a brown pre- 
cipitate appears and all the Iron is precipitated, then filter, 
evaporate until a pellicle forms on the surface and crystallizes. 
Uses. — Sulphate of Zinc is an astringent and tonic much 
used for injections, eye-water, washes, etc.. and internally as 
an astringent in doses of I to 1 grains, and as an emetic in 
doses of io to 30 grains. 

3903. Zinci Sulphocarbolas. 

Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. 

/ml,ILS<>. | L,.M.,<>. 
This sail is official in the Br. and (i. 1'., and may l><- mad. 

by heating a mixture "i" Carbolic Arid and Sulphuric Acid, 
saturating tin- product with Oxide of Zinc, evaporating and 
crystallizing. 

Uses. — It i- used a. anastringenl and antiseptic, chiefly for 
lotions, injection . etc. 



L020 /ixcum — zinc. 



3904. Zinci Valerianas. 

Valerianate of Zinc. 
Zn(C 5 H 9 2 ) 2 .H 2 0. 
This is official in the U. S. or Br. P., the formula in the lat- 
ter being as follows: 

Sulphate of Zinc, 53^ ounces av. 

Valerianate of Sodium 5 ounces. 

Distilled Water, a sufficiency. 
Dissolve the Sulphate of Zinc and the Valerianate of 
Sodium, each separately, in 40 fl. ounces of Water, heat both 
the solutions to near the boiling point, mix them, cool, and 
skim off the crystals which are produced, evaporate the mother 
liquor, at a temperature not exceeding 200 F., till it is reduced 
to 4 fl. ounces, cool again, remove the crystals which form, and 
add to those before obtained, drain on filter paper, wash with 
a little cold distilled Water, drain and dry. 

Uses. — This salt is used as a nervine and antispasmodic in 
doses of 1 to 3 grains. 

3905. Zincum Granulatum. 

Granulated Zinc. 

The Br. P. directs this to be made from Zinc of commerce, 
1 pound, by heating it in an earthern crucible, and immedi- 
ately, when the metal is fused, remove the crucible from the 
fire and pour the fluid in a thin stream into a vessel containing 
about 2 gallons of cold Water. Drain off the Water and dry 
the granulated Zinc. 

This is the most convenient form for metallic Zinc to be 
used for pharmaceutical purposes. 

Other Salts of Zinc. 

Besides. the foregoing salts of Zinc, which are official in the 
leading pharmacopoeias, a few others are occasionally used, and 
are here mentioned. 

3906. Cyanide of Zinc — Zn(CN)„. — Prepared by adding Hydrocyanic 
Acid to Solution of Acetate of Zinc and collecting the precipitate. This is 
used as a nervous sedative in doses of }4 to 14 grain. 



ZINCUM — ZINC. 1021 



3907. Cyanide of Zinc and Potassium.— By dissolving Cyanide of Zinc 
in a solution of pure Cyanide of Potassium, concentrating, and crystallizing. 

3908. Ferrocyanide of Zinc — Zn. 1 (C. < X 3 ) 4 Fe 2 . — By mixing Solutions 
of Sulphate of Zinc and Ferrocyanide of Potassium, collecting and washing 
the precipitate. 

3909. Lactate of Zinc— Zn (C a H 6 O g ) 8 .3H 8 0.— By dissolving Carbon- 
ate of Zinc to saturation in diluted Lactic Acid, concentrating and crys- 
tallizing. 

3910. Salicylate of Zinc — Zn(C 7 H 5 8 ) g .3H g O. — By heating Salicylic 
Acid with distilled Water and gradually adding Oxide of Zinc, suspended in 
Water, until no more will dissolve, then filtering, concentrating, and crys- 
tallizing. 

391 1. Tartrate of Zinc. — This may be prepared by mixing hot concen- 
trated Solutions of Sulphate of Zinc and Neutral Tartrate of Potassium, col- 
lecting the precipitate and drying. 

3912. Zinc-Ethyl, etc.— Zinc also combines with the organic bases form- 
ing liquid salts, which take fire spontaneously when exposed to the air. 
Zinc-Ethyl, Zinc-Methyl and Zinc-Amyl are examples of these substances, 
but they have no use except as chemical curiosities. 



The foregoing formulas, comprising Part [II. of this volume, 
include- most of the preparations, official and unofficial, which 
are known or required in the regular practice of pharmacy in 
this country. The pages which follow will be devoted to the 
consideration of special lines of preparations, which, though 
not essential to the practice of pharmacy,are closely connected 
with its interests. 



PART IV. 

♦ • • 

THE STANDARD REMEDIES 

AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES. 



The following formulas are designed for making a complete line 
of Standard Proprietary Remedies, which may be prepared and put 
up by druggists, or others, for local trade or for the market. 

It is well known to all who are conversant with the business that 
the making of Proprietary or " Patent " Medicines requires no 
knowledge nor facilities which are not ready at hand or readily 
obtainable by the average druggist. 

With reliable formulas and outfits of wrappers, cartoons, and 
labels, which may now be had specially designed for the purpose,* 
druggists may prepare and put up a line of Proprietary medicines or 
articles, such as they may select, with but a slight outlay and with an 
abundant reward in the way of profits. 

It is needless to urge the advantages to druggists of putting up 
and furnishing, as far as is possible, their own " Patent" Medicines 
in place of manufacturers. The profit of several hundred per cent., 
the reputation which naturally comes of putting before the people 
their own preparations, the constantly increasing trade in this line, 
and the satisfaction of furnishing reliable articles worth the money, 
should be inducement enough for any enterprising druggist to make 
the attempt to run a line of his own preparations. 

The formulas which follow in this department are mainly original, 
and intended to make preparations similar to those which have been 
best received or which possess the greatest merit. They are not, 
however, given as the exact formulas of particular proprietary prepa- 
rations now in the market or made by any particular manufacturer. 



* For further information on this subject, address the author, 
1022 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1023 



Some formulas, not original, for old and well-known preparations, 
are also given as selected from the best authorities. Besides the 
formulas given in this section, many others that may be put up as 
proprietary remedies are given in various departments of this work, 
and may be found by referring to the index. 

3913. Acid Phosphate. 

Nerve and System Vitalizer. 
A proprietary preparation known as Fforsford's Acid Phosphate, 

put up by the Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I., has had 
a large sale in this country. The title "Acid Phosphate" is claimed 
by them as a trade mark. Several formulas for \cid Phosphate 
have been given in the preceding pages (577, 753), but for conve- 
nient reference formulas are also given in this department. 
Solution Phosphate Compound, concentrated (1938), i pint. 
Water 4 pints. 

Mix them and, after standing, filter. This corresponds very 
nearly with the supposed composition of the preparation above 
named, which is said to contain in each tl. drachm 3 grains Phosphate 
of Calcium, '_> grain Phosphate of Iron, ' .. grain Phosphate of 
Magnesium, l /i grain Phosphate of Potassium, with excess of Phos- 
phoric A* id. 

Liquor Acidi Phosphorici Comp. (with Iron), which is put up by 
manufacturing pharmacists, is of about the same composition. 

The dose of this preparation is from ' _• to 1 teaspoonful in sweet- 
ened water after each meal and before retiring. 

It is also extensively used at the soda fountain, making an agree 
able acid addition to fruit syrups, etc. 

AGUE CURES. 

The Proprietary Remedies for Ague which are found on the 
market consisl of syrups, solutions or tinctures, mixtures and pills. 
They are given for 'lulls and fevers, ague, neuralgia, malaria, etc. 
The syrups are the most palatable of any ol the Ague Cures, but 
arc hss effe< live than the stronger remedies prepared in the form of 

tin. lures, mixtures and pills. All Ague < lures depend for their value 

upon the proper combination of antiperiodics and alteratives, both 
being essential, the former to "break " the chills, and the latter to 
stimulate the organs to throw oil the diseased matter with which 
they have become loaded. The following are representative of the 



]()24 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

different varieties of Ague Preparations which are found in the 
market : 

3914. Ague Cure or Syrup. 

For Chills, Fever and Malaria. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 128 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 128 grains. 

Diluted Sulphuric Acid, q. s., about . . 3 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of VVintergreen 10 minims. 

Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound, . 2 fl. ounces. 

Water, 5 fl. ounces. 

Sugar 14 ounces av. 

Mix the Sulphates with the Water, add sufficient of the acid to 
dissolve them. Add the Oil of Wintergreen to the Alcohol and add 
the solution to the solution of the Cinchona Salts. Then add the 
Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla, mix them thoroughly, and after stand- 
ing a few days, filter and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agita- 
tion. 

A fi. drachm contains 2 grains of Cinchona Salts. The dose is a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful for ague and chills. 

3915. Ague Remedy or Tincture. 
For Chills, Fever and Malaria. 

Purified Chinoidin, 1 ounce av. 

Extract of Liquorice in powder, .... % ounce av. 

Fluid Extract of Podophyllum 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Leptandra 1 fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 10 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Eucalyptus 2 fl. drachms. 

Water sufficient to make a pint. 

Dissolve the Chinoidin, and Oil of Eucalyptus, in the Alcohol 
mixed with the Fluid Extracts, by maceration. Dissolve the Liquor- 
ice Extract in 3 fi. ounces of Water by the aid of heat, and add to 
the solution of Chinoidin, etc., add enough Water to make a pint, 
and, after standing a few days, filter. 

This is a dark colored, very strong and bitter preparation, acting 
as a cholagogue and antiperiodic. It is very effective. 

A lighter colored, more pleasant preparation may be made by 
using 1 ounce of Quinine Sulphate instead of the Chinoidin. 
The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1025 

3916. Ague Mixture or Cholagogue. 

This mixture is similar to several preparations on the market 
known as Cholagogues. It is an unsightly compound, as it contains 
quite a precipitate, but is very effective. 

Sulphate of Quinine % ounce av. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, '•: ounce ax- 
Fluid Extract of Stillingia, 3 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Leptandra 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Podophyllum }& fl. ounce. 

Fowler's Solution of Arsenic )\ fl. ounce. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 1 fl. drachm. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Sulphates with the Fluid Extracts, add the Oil and then 
mix thoroughly with the Syrup and Solution of Arsenic. 

A fl. drachm contains about 3^4 grains of the Cinchona Salts. 

The dose is y& teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, for chills. 

This is similar to the proprietary Osgood's Indian Cholagogue, 
which has been a popular ague cure for nearly half a century. 

3917. Ague and Neuralgia Pills. 

Chinoidin, purified 150 grains. 

Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin) 5 grains. 

Leptandrin, 10 grains. 

Capsicum, in powder, 20 grains. 

Mix the ingredients thoroughly and make 100 pills. 
The dose for children is 1 or 2 pills, for adults 2 to 4 pills, every 
3 hours between chills. 

3918. Ague and Neuralgia Pills. 

Sulphate of Quinine 5° grains. 

Sulphate of ( :inchonidine 50 grains. 

Irsenious Acid 2 grains. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, '.• grain. 

Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin), . ... 20 grains. 

Leptandrin 60 -rains. 

Extra* t of I dandelion, q. s. to make a mass. 

Mix thoroughly and make into 100 pills. The dose for 1 hildren 

is 1 to 2 pill's, for adults 2 to 4 pills. 



1026 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

ALTERATIVES. 

Although most of the Blood Purifiers and Sarsaparillas on the 
market are also known as Alteratives, a few preparations which are 
supposed to have an especially alterative action on the various 
organs of secretion are known particularly as Alteratives. The 
following are representative of this class of preparations : 

3919. Alterative Compound. 

Blood and Liver Syrup. 

Stillingia, in No. 40 powder, 8 ounces av. 

Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, .... 8 ounces av. 

Burdock Root, in No. 30 powder, ... 3 ounces av. 

Blue Flag Root, in No. 20 powder, ... 1 1 /?, ounce av. 

Mandrake, in No. 50 powder, i^4 ounce av. 

Senna, in No. 20 powder, 1% ounce av. 

Prickly-Ash Bark, in No. 50 powder, . . % ounce av. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring, ... ... % ounce av. 

Diluted Alcohol, 4 pints. 

Sugar, 5 pounds av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the drugs, moisten them with 2 pints of diluted Alcohol and 
macerate in a covered vessel in a warm place for 24 hours, transfer 
to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon . them 2 
pints of diluted Alcohol and set in a warm place for one day ; then 
heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate slowly, add- 
ing Water to the drugs after the liquid has ceased to drop, and con- 
tinuing the heat and percolation until ^/z pints have passed. To 
this add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and, after standing a few days, 
filter, adding through the filter enough Water to make 5/2 pints, 
then dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation and add, if nec- 
essary, Water sufficient to make 1 gallon of the preparation. One 
ounce Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 

This is an excellent alterative compound, which may be put up 
under many names — as Blood Purifier, Sarsaparilla Alterative, Med- 
ical Discovery, etc. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, three times a day. 
Many other formulas of similar composition will be found under 
other headings throughout this work. This preparation may be put 
up under the title designated in the heading, or under other names, 
as Sarsaparilla Compound, Blood Purifier, or other similar titles. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1027 

3920. Alterative Extract or Juice. 

("Succus Alteraus.") 

The original formula for this preparation was introduced by 
Geo. W. McDade, M. D., of Montgomery, Ala., who obtained it 
from the Creek Indians. (?) It is claimed to be prepared from 
the fresh green medicinal plants, each pint bottle containing the 
"unimpaired" virtues of 16 troyounces of the true medicinal 
plants Stillingia Sylvatica, Smilax Sarsaparilla, Phytolacca Decan- 
dra, Lappa Minor, and Xanthoxylum Carolinianum. It is fur- 
nished to the trade by Eli Lilly & Co., of Indianapolis, Ind. 

It is, of course, impracticable for druggists to obtain the fresh 
plants, which are claimed to compose the original article; but a good 
Alterative Extract may be made from the following formula, the 
ingredients of which are mentioned in the'McDade prescription: 

Stillingia Root, 24 ounces av. 

Sarsaparilla Root, 24 ounces av. 

Poke Root, 8 ounces av. 

Burdock Root, 16 ounces av. 

Southern Prickly-Ash Lark, 4 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Glycerin, 1 pint. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, moisten them with 3 pints of 
Alcohol mixed with 2 pints of Water and macerate for 24 hours in 
a covered vessel, then transfer to a water-bath percolator, pack 
firmly, pour on the remainder of the Alcohol (3 pints) mixed with 3 
pints of Water, and set in a warm place fur one day ; then heal 
moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to 
the drugs, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7 pints of 
percolate are obtained. Continue the percolation with Water until 
4 [)ints more have passed, evaporate this to a soft extract, add to it 

the Glycerin and the - pints of percolate previously obtained and, 

after standing a few days, filter. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, three times a day. 



ANODYNES. 
Two kinds of Anodyne preparations may he made and put up as 

proprietary medicines. Those containing Ether, like Hoffman's 

Anodyne, which do not have a bad after effect, and those containing 



1028 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

Opium, Morphine, or Chloral, which, though effective, are unsafe 
preparations to introduce. The term Anodyne is also used in con- 
nection with many other preparations, as " Tolu Anodyne " for 
coughs, " Clove Anodyne " for toothache, etc., but these will be 
fount! under other headings. 

Formulas are only given for the etherial and harmless Anodynes. 
If desired, the formulas for others will be found under other depart- 
ments. See preparations of Opium, Chloral, Cocaine, etc. 

3921. Golden Anodyne Tincture. 

A preparation similar to Hoffman's Anodyne, of a yellow or gol- 
den color; is considerably in demand among the Germans, under the 
name " Golden Tincture." Various formulas have been given for 
preparing it, the following being as satisfactory as any : 

Ether, Sulphuric, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol 2 ounces. 

Tincture Tumeric, sufficient to color. 

Or it may be colored with Fustic Wood, by maceration. 

This is in effect the same as Hoffman's Anodyne, but is more 
attractive. The dose is 10 to 60 minims, for pain, cramp, etc. 

Another -formula is Ether 1 ounce, Laudanum 1 ounce, Chloro- 
form l /{. ounce, Alcohol 1 ounce, colored with Tincture Turmeric. 

3922. Anodyne Elixir. 

Pain-Soothing Cordial, without Opium or Choral. 

An Anodyne without Opium or Chloral is desirable and valuable, 
yet there is no such preparation found in the market. The follow- 
ing is recommended to those who desire to put up such a prepara- 
tion. It is effective and at the same time harmless : 

Bromide of Potassium 2 ounces av. 

Sugar, 5 ounces av. 

Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fi. ounce. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 3 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 3 fl. ounces. 

Water, 4 flounces. 

Dissolve the Bromide of Potassium and the Sugar in the Water, 
mix the Ether with the Alcohol, add the Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 
then the Elixir and, having mixed them, add the Solution of 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1029 

Bromide of Potassium and Sugar to the mixture and mix them 
thoroughly. 

A fi. drachm contains about 7 grains Bromide of Potassium, 4 
minims of Ether, and 12 minims of Tincture of Hyoscyamiis. It 
may be given in doses of a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, every 
hour, or, in severe cases of colic, cholera morbus, etc., a teaspoonful 
every 15 minutes until relieved. 

As the Ether in this preparation, although adding much to its 
effectiveness, is rather disagreeable, its place may be supplied with 
x% fl.drachms of Chloroform, or it may be omitted altogether. 

Other Anodyne preparations will be found under other headings, 
as Chlorodyne, Sedatives, Nervines, etc., etc. 



ASTHMA REMEDIES. 



The Asthma Remedies which are put up as Proprietary are in 
various forms, as powders and pastilles for burning slowly, the smoke 
being inhaled, cigarettes for smoking, remedies to take, and inhal- 
ants. The design of most of them is to produce diaphoresis ami 
expectoration as well as to subdue the spasmodic action of the 
inflamed bronchial organs. The following formulas make prepara- 
tions representative of the various remedies - 

3923. Asthma Remedy. 

A Powder for Fumigation. 

Grindelia Robusta, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 

Jaborandi Leaves, in line powder, -S ounces. 

Eucalyptus Leaves, in fine powder, .... 4 oun< 1 5. 

Coca Leaves, in line powder, 4 ounces. 

Digitalis Leaves, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Cubeb, in line powder, 4 ounces. 

Stramonium Leaves, in fine powder r 6 ounces. 

Nitrate of Potassium, in fine powder 12 ounces. 

Cascarilla Bark, 1 ounce. 

Mix the powders and dry them thoroughly before putting up. 
This is used by burning a. half teaspoonful or more on a piece of 

saitpctn- paper and inhaling the sm<>ke which rises, it affords 
prompt relief ami will i am- cases nol too far advanced. It is also 
excellent for catarrh, hay-fever, and other troubles of the nasal pas- 
sages, throat, and lungs. 



1030 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3924. Asthma Cure. 

A Liquid to Take. 

Fluid Extract Grindelia, 3 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Skunk Cabbage, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Lobelia, ... . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Bloodroot, 2 fl. drachms. 

Fluid Extract Senega, . 2 fl. drachms. 

Chloroform, 4 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 20 fl. ounces. 

Water, .... 6 fl. ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly and, after standing, decant or filter. 
This may also be prepared from the drugs Grindelia 3 ounces, 
Skunk Cabbage, Lobelia, each 1 ounce, Senega and Bloodroot, each 

2 drachms, percolated with a mixture of 4 measures of Alcohol with 
1 measure of Water, sufficient to make 2 pints, and Chloroform 1 
fl. ounce, added to the tincture. 

The dose is a teaspoonful, in sweetened water, every 15 to 30 
minutes, when the attack of asthma comes on, until relieved. It 
should also be continued, in small doses, three times a day to effect 
a cure. 

3925. Asthma Relief. 

To take for Asthma, Hay Fever, etc. 

Nitrite of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. The dose is a teaspoonful for Asthma, at the 
first indications of the paroxysm, repeated every 20 or 30 minutes 
until relieved. For Hay Fever, Influenza, etc., a teaspoonful every 

3 or 4 hours. 

3926. Asthma Inhalant. 

To be used by Inhalation. 

Nitrite of Amyl, 2 fl. drachms. 

Essential Oil of Mustard, 10 drops. 

Ether, Sulphuric, Y? fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. Put a few drops of the liquid upon some cotton or 
sponge, hold in the hand and inhale the vapor. It is still better to 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1031 

put the cotton loosely in a glass tube or homeopathic bottle with 
the bottom out and inhale by drawing the air through the tube. 
This gives immediate relief. Other forms of inhalers may be used. 

3927. Asthma Pastilles. 

Benzoin, in fine powder, . 1 ounces av. 

Jaborandi, in fine powder, .2 ounces av. 

Stramonium Leaves, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 

Xitrate of Potassium, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 

Charcoal, 20 ounces. 

Mucilage of Tragacanth, thin, sufficient. 
Beat the powders with the mucilage to a stiff mass and roll out 
into a cake about % inch thick, cut this into strips -/% inches wide 
and 1% inches long and dry by warm air. 

One end of the pastil is ignited and the smoke inhaled until re- 
lieved. 

3928. Asthmatic Cigarettes. 

Stramonium Leaves, 4 ounces. 

Cascarilla Bark, }4 ounce. 

Lobelia Leaves, 2 drachms. 

Mullein Leaves, . . 4 ounces. 

Cut the leaves and drugs fine like smoking tobacco and make into 
cigarettes. This may also be smoked in a pipe. 



BALMS OR PANACEAS. 

In proprietary medicines Balms are remedies intended for internal 
or external use, and designed to allay pain, colic, cholera morbus, 
inflammation, etc. The following will be found satisfactory and 
similar in composition to those most popular in the market, known 
as Magic Balms, Pain Killers, Ready Reliefs, Magic Oils, etc. They 
are as a class hot, stimulating preparations, increasing the action of 
the parts with which they come in contact, or acting as counter- 
irritants, and thus, on the Indian principle, frightening away the 
disease. They are sold as general panaceas for pain, etc. Many 
other similar preparations for external and internal use will be found 
among the Liniments and under other headings. The sale for tins 
class of preparations as proprietary medicines is as large as of nearly 
any other class, and they may readily be prepared by druggists, 
affording a good profit. 



103-2 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



3929. Eucalyptus Balm. 

Oil of Eucalyptus 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Cloves X A-ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, y> fl. ounce. 

Capsicum, y> ounce av. 

Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Mix them, macerate for a week or ten days, agitating occasionally, 
and filter. 

3930. Magic Balm. 

Oil of Sassafras, . 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Cloves, y fl. ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Chloroform, }i fl. ounce. 

Ether, y fl. ounce. 

Capsicum, y ounce av. 

Camphor, x / 2 ounce av. 

Water of Ammonia, y> fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days, agitating frequently 
and filter. 

3931. Magnetic Balm. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Peppermint, .... .... % fl. ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 

Capsicum, y ounce av. 

Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 

Alcohol, .... 1 pint. 

Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days, agitating frequently 
and filter. 

3932. Pain Cure Balm or "Pain Killer." 

Guaiac Resin, 1 ounce av. 

Capsicum, y 2 ounce av. 

Camphor y% ounce av. 

Opium, in powder, 60 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, % fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1033 

Mix them. Macerate for a week or ten days and filter. This is 
similar to some of the Pain Killers. 

The preparation known as Xo. 6. or Tincture of Myrrh and Cap- 
sicum (3646), is often put up as a Pain Killer. 

3933. Ready Balm or "Ready Relief." 

Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 

Capsicum, y? ounce av. 

Oil of Turpentine, % fl. ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, U. S. P., .... 5 fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, ... 12 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Camphor and Oil of Turpentine in the Alcohol, add 
the Capsicum and Ammonia, and after standing a week or ten days, 
filter rapidly. This is similar to Ready Relief. It should be given 
internally only in small doses, 10 to 20 minims. 

3934. Wizard Balm. 

Oil of Cajuput, y fl. ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, %. fi.ounce. 

Oil of Origanum, %. fl. ounce. 

Oil of Cedar, yk fl. ounce. 

Capsicum, % ounce av. 

Camphor, % ounce av. 

Chloroform % fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Mix them. Macerate for a week and filter. 



BALSAMS. 



Many proprietary preparations, called " Balsams," are classed 
with other remedies, as " Cough Balsam" or " Lung Balsam," among 
the cough remedies; "Carminative Balsam," " Diarrhoea Balsam," 
etc., under cholera cures, etc. 

Others are included under other headings throughout the book. 
The few remaining unclassified, and known more particularly as 
Balsams, because they resemble the liquid Balsams, are noted in tins 
department. 

Several Balsams, also, which are put up as proprietary remedies, 
will be found on pages [83 to [86, which see. 



1034 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3935. Anodyne Balsam. 

Castile Soap, 1 ounce. 

Opium Tincture, 3 ounces. 

Camphor, 3 drachms. 

Alcohol, 10 ounces. 

Cut the soap in fine pieces and digest, by gentle heat, with the 
Tincture of Opium and Alcohol until dissolved, then add the Cam- 
phor, dissolve and filter. 

This is for external use for swellings, pain, etc. 

3936. Canker Balsam. 

Marsh Rosemary Root, in coarse powder, . 4 ounces av. 

Borax, in powder, 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin, 6 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 12 fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix Alcohol and Water, equal measures, and percolate the Marsh 
Rosemary Root with the liquid until it ceases to drop, then add suf- 
ficient Water through the percolator to make 27 fl. ounces of the 
percolate, dissolve the Borax in the liquid, add the Glycerin, and 
.filter if necessary. 

This is an astringent liquid, useful as a gargle for sore throat, a 
mouth wash, etc., and as an application for cracked nipples or other 
similar sores. 

3937. Caustic Balsam. 

A preparation known as Gombaulfs Caustic Balsam has had an 
extensive sale for veterinary use, etc. The following formula makes 
a preparation quite similar to the proprietary article : 

Sulphuric Acid (by weight), 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 6 fl. ounces. 

Croton Oil, 1 fl. ounce. 

Corrosive Sublimate, 60 grains. 

Camphor, ^ ounce. 

Cotton Seed Oil, 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Oils of Turpentine and Croton, add the Corrosive Sub- 
limate, in fine powder, and the Camphor, and dissolve ; then add, a 
little at a time, the Sulphuric Acid, taking care that the mixture does 
not become too hot, and, when all has been added and the mixture 
has become cool, add the Cotton Seed Oil, and mix them thoroughly. 
This is used for sprains, ringbones, strains, swellings, puffs, etc. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1035 

3938. Locatelle's Balsam. 

Yellow Wax, 4 ounces. 

Olive Oil, 1 pound. 

Venice Turpentine 1 pound. 

Alkanet Root, 2 ounces. 

Steep the Alkanet Root for several days in the Olive Oil and 
strain, melt the Wax, add the Oil and the Turpentine and mix them 
well together. 

This is used as a pectoral in doses of Y? to 1 teaspoonful. 

3939. Thibault's Balsam. 

Myrrh, Aloes, and Dragon's Blood, each . . 1 drachm. 

St. John's Wort Flowers, 1 ounce. 

Spirit of Wine (Alcohol), 10 ounces. 

Canada Balsam, ^2 ounce. 

Digest the Flowers in the Spirit for three days, then express the 
liquor and dissolve in it the other ingredients and, after standing, 
filter. 

This is used as a healing Balsam for wounds, cuts, etc., and is 
given as a diuretic and for kidney and bladder troubles, gonorrhea, 
etc., in doses of a teaspoonful or more. 

3940. Turlington's Balsam. 

Benzoin, 12 ounces. 

Storax (liquid), 4 ouni es. 

Balsam Peru, ... 2 ounces. 

Myrrh, 1 oun< e. 

Aloes, .... 1 ounce. 

Balsam Tolu 4 ounces. 

Extract Liquorice, 4 ounces. 

Angelica Rool ' 2 ounce. 

Alcohol 1 gallon. 

Reduce the gums to a coarse powder and macerate all together 
with the Spirit for two weeks, with agitation, then filter. 

This has been a popular panacea for internal and external use. 

3941. Vegetable Healing Balsam. 

White Resin 1 pound av. 

< >il of Turpentine, 1 pint. 

Melt the Resin, remove it from the fire and add the Oil of Tux« 
pentine, mixing them well together. 



1036 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

This is similar to Peckham's Balsam, as it is now put up and sold, 
as a proprietary medicine. It is used for coughs and colds, also for 
kidney and bladder troubles, in doses of 3 to 10 minims or more. 
It is also used externally on sores, wounds, swellings, etc. 

The following is said to be the formula from which this Balsam 
was formerly prepared : Pale Resin 3 pounds, melted and strained ; 
then add Oil of Turpentine 2 pints, Balsam of Tolu 1 ounce, Balsam 
of Fir 4 ounces, Oil of Hemlock, Oil of Origanum, A 7 enice Turpen- 
tine, each 1 ounce, Strained Honey 4 ounces. Mix well together. 

Similar " Vegetable Healing Balsams'" are also prepared by oth- 
ers and sold under similar names. 

The following formulas may be used : 

Burgundy Pitch, 1^ pound av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 

Melt the Pitch, remove from the fire and gradually add the Oil of 
Turpentine, mixing them well together. 

Resin, 1 pound. 

Venice Turpentine, 1 pound. 

Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 

Melt the Resin, add the Venice Turpentine, warm together and 
add the Oil of Turpentine while cooling. 

Resin, 1 pound. 

Balsam Fir, % pound. 

Venice Turpentine, ^ pound. 

Oil of Turpentine, 1 pint. 

Melt the Resin, add the Balsam Fir and Venice Turpentine, warm 
together, and when cooling, add the Oil of Turpentine, mixing them 
well together. 

BITTERS. 

A great variety of Bitters are sold under various names as propri- 
etary medicines. They are designed for various uses, and may nat- 
urally be divided into three classes, as follows : 

Class A. 

These Bitters are weakly medicinal preparations designed to be 
taken in large doses, and depend for their effect more upon the 
liquor which they contain than the other medicinal ingredients. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1037 

They are stimulating Bitters, and are to a great extent substitutes 
for liquors, although if properly used are very beneficial for disor- 
dered digestion, dyspepsia, malaria, etc. The most popular Bitters 
of this class found in the market are known as Hostetter's, Drake's, 
Wahoo, Niagara, etc. The following formulas make good prepara- 
tions of this kind. Other formulas will be found on pages 436 
to 439- 

3742. Stomach Bitters. 

Bitter Orange Peel, 2 drachms. 

Wahoo Bark, 2 drachms. 

Sweet Flag Root, 1 drachm. 

Cinnamon Bark, 1 drachm 

Cloves, 10 grains. 

Coriander, 30 grains. 

Whisky, 6 pints. 

Sugar, 2 ounces 

Water, . . , 2 pints. 

Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
Whisky and Water for several days, until the strength is obtained, 
then filter. If desired, Cologne Spirit (Alcohol .proof ) may be 
diluted with an equal quantity of Water and used instead of Whisky. 

The dose is from half to a wineglassful or more. 

3943. Hop Bitters. * 

Hops, in coarse powder 3 ounces av. 

Buchu, in coarse powder 1 ounce av. 

Dandelion Root, in coarse powder, . . . 1 ounce av. 

Mandrake Root, in coarse powder, . . ,80 grains. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . 2 drachms. 

Wahoo Dark 1 drachm. 

Whisky 5 pints. 

W ater, q. s., or 3 '_• pints. 

Mix the Whisky with 3 pints of Water and macerate the drugs 

with the mixture for several days, then filter and add through the 
filter enough Water to make the measure a gallon. 

The dose is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful or more. 

This is much stronger of the medicinal ingredients than the pro 
prietary H<>p Bitters. [1 may l"- reduced with diluted Cologne 

Spirit. 



1038 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



3944. Wahoo Bitters. 

Wahoo Bark, in coarse powder, ..... x /z ounce. 

Sweet Flag Root, in coarse powder, ... % ounce. 

Cinnamon Bark, in coarse powder, . . . . 1 drachm. 

Cardamom Seed, in coarse powder, .... 20 grains. 

Oil of Orange (fresh), 10 drops. 

Whisky, 6 pints. 

Water, 2 pints. 

Glycerin, , 1 ounce. 

Mix and macerate for several days, then filter. 
Dose, from half to a wineglassful or more. 

Other Bitters of this class may be made in the same general way 
by using other bitter drugs, other liquors or other flavoring 
ingredients. 

3945. Plantation Bitters. 

Wild Ginger Root, y 2 ounce. 

Bitter Orange Peel, . 1 ounce. 

Dandelion Root, 1 ounce. 

New England Rum, 1 pint. 

Whisky, 5 pints. 

Sugar, .............. 4 ounces. 

Water, .............. 2 pints. 

Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate with the 
mixed liquids for a few days, then filter. 

Bitters — Class B. 

This class of Bitters includes those in which iron is combined 
with bitter tonics, aromatics, etc., in the form of a pleasant cordial. 
Iron Bitters have, of late, by the reason of extensive advertising, 
become quite popular, and, although they are nothing new in the 
line of preparations, they now have a large sale, and, as they may be 
made at a low cost, are quite profitable to put up. In making these 
Bitters it is necessary to use tonics and aromatics which do not make 
an inky color or taste with the iron salts. 

3946. Iron Bitters. 

Tonic Health Cordial. 
Wahoo Bark, in coarse powder, ..... 1 ounce av. 
Cardamom Seeds, in coarse powder, ... 2 drachms. 
Caraway Seeds, in coarse powder, .... 2 drachms. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1039 

Coriander Seeds, in coarse powder, ... 2 drachms. 

Nutmeg, in coarse powder, 1 drachm. 

Oil of Orange, fresh, 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Cassia (Cinnamon) 10 minims. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . . . 1 ounce aw 

Sugar, 1 pound aw 

Cologne Spirit (deodorized Alcohol), ... 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the powdered drugs and macerate them with the Alcohol, 
with frequent agitation, for several days, then pour off the liquid, 
add the oils to the tincture and reserve. Now add 2 pints of Water 
to the macerated powders, agitate, let stand 12 hours and pour off ; 
repeat with the same quantity of Water, adding the aqueous liquids 
to the alcoholic solution and mixing them thoroughly ; dissolve the 
Iron salt and the Sugar in enough Water to make, when added to 
the mixed liquids, 1 gallon of the mixture, and, after standing a few 
days, filter clear. 

This may be made, also, by mixing 1 fl. ounce of Fluid Extract of 
Wahoo with 3 fl.ounces Compound Tincture of Cardamom and the 
other ingredients as directed in the formula above. 

( )ther soluble salts of Iron may be used instead of the citrate. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful. 

3947. Iron Tonic Bitters. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 80 grains. 

Citrate of Iron and Ammonium, . . 512 grains. 

Cologne Spirit 2 pints. 

Essence of Calamus 1 fl. ounce. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring, 6 fl.ounces. 

Water, 5/2 pints. 

Sugar, )i pound av. 

Mix the ingredients, dissolve and filter. 

This is similar to Bitter Wineof Iron except that it contains no 
Wine. 
Tlie dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful, 
Many other preparations may be put up and sold as "Iron 
Bitters," or " Iron Tonic Bitters," and by other titles. The Elixirs 
of Calisaya and Iron, Gentian and Iron, and other tunic Elixirs 
containing iron, may be diluted one-half for this purpose with 
Alcohol 1 part, Syrup 1 part, and Water a parts. 



1040 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3948. Iron Wine Bitters. 

Bitter Wine of Iron is frequently put up and sold as Iron Bitters, 
but is stronger than most that are put up for general sale. The fol- 
lowing makes a good Iron Bitters, using Wine as the menstruum : 

Citrate of Iron and Quinine, 1 ounce av. 

Essence of Calamus, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 10 minims. 

Oil of Orange, 40 minims. 

Sugar, 8 ounces av. 

Water (hot) 4 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol 1 pint 

White Wine (Sherry or Angelica), . . . 6^ pints. 
Dissolve the Citrate of Iron and Quinine in the hot Water and 
add the solution to the Wine, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and 
add the Essence, then mix the solutions, dissolve the Sugar in the 
mixture and, after standing, filter. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a wineglassful. 

Class C. 

In this class the formulas are given for the stronger medicinal 
Bitters, similar to proprietary Bitters, which have been or are popu- 
lar. They differ from the other classes of Bitters by being put up 
in smaller packages, containing more of the medicinal agents and 
being taken in smaller doses. 

3949. Blood Bitters, or Burdock Bitters. 

Tonic System Renovator. 

Burdock Root, 12 ounces av. 

Mezereum Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Wild Cherry Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Senn-a Leaves, . 2 ounces av. 

Columbo Root, 1 ounce av. 

Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 2 ounces. 

Cinnamon, y 2 ounce av. 

Cloves, %. ounce av. 

Sugar, 4 ounces. 

Alcohol, 4 pints. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 3 pints of 
Water, moisten the powder with a pint of the mixture and macerate, 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1(141 

in a warm place, in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the 
water-bath percolator, pour upon it 2 pints of menstruum, pack mod- 
erately, and set in a warm place for one day, then heat very moder- 
ately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding the remainder 
of the menstruum, and then Water to the drug, and continuing the 
heat and percolation until a gallon of the Bitters is obtained, dis- 
solve the Sugar in the liquid and filter. 

This may be made by cold percolation, but this method does not 
so thoroughly exhaust the drugs. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day. 

This is similar to, but a better preparation than, several of the 
Blood Bitters in the market. 

3950. German Liver Bitters. 

Leptandra (Culver's Root), 8 ounces av. 

Mandrake Root, 2 ounces av. 

Burdock Root, 6 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 2 ounces av. 

Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark, ]/?, ounce av. 

Alcohol, 4 pints. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 4 pints 
of Water, moisten the powder with a pint of the menstruum and 
macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the water- 
bath percolator, pack firmly, pour upon it 2 pints of the menstruum 
and set in a warm place for one day, then heat moderately and, after 
one hour, begin to percolate, adding the remainder of the men- 
struum, and then Water to the drugs, and continuing the heat and 
percolation until a gallon of the Hitters is obtained ; filter. 

This may be made, also, by cold percolation, but this process dors 
not so thoroughly exhaust the drugs. 

The dose is from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day. 

This is similar to the German Hitters and Liver Invigorators that 
have been popular. The preparation is a good liver and blood 

remedy. 

A great variety of other similar preparations are put up and sold 

under various names, all of them being intended to acl on tin- liver 
to increase its secretion of bile, thereby acting as laxative. The 

sale of this kind of Hitters is much less than it was formerly, but 
they are, nevertheless, good preparations. 



1042 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



3951. Jaundice or Laxative Bitters. 

Cape Aloes, in powder, 2 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Potassium (Sal Tartar), . . y 2 ounce. 

Culver's Root, in powder, 2 ounces av. 

Cinnamon, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Anise, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Coriander, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Liquorice Root, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make . . . 1 gallon. 
Mix the drugs and macerate them with the Alcohol and 6 pints of 
Water for seven days, then pour off the supernatant liquid, put the 
drugs in a percolator, pour the liquid upon them and percolate, add- . 
ing Water through the percolator until a gallon of Bitters is obtained, 
and filter. 

This is similar to several Laxative and Jaundice Bitters on the 
market, which have had a popular sale. 

3952. Poor Man's Bitters. 

A class of Bitters made with a small percentage of Alcohol, and 
put up usually in half-pint bottles, to retail at 25 cents, are known 
by the above title, and by various other names. They are neither 
very profitable nor satisfactory proprietary medicines, but may be 
made, if desired, as follows : 

Quassia, ground, 4 ounces. 

Orange Peel, ground, 1 ounce. 

Cloves, in powder, % ounce. 

Cinnamon, in powder, % ounce. 

Alcohol, iy 2 pint. 

Water, q. s., about 7 pints. 

Mix the powders with the ground drugs and, having mixed the 
Alcohol with \y 2 pint of Water, moisten the drugs with 6 flounces 
of the mixture and pack in the water-bath percolator, pour upon 
them the remainder of the mixed Alcohol and Water and, after 24 
hours, heat moderately for one hour and percolate, adding Water 
through the percolator to make 1 gallon of the Bitters ; after stand- 
ing, filter clear. 

The close is a tablespoonful or more. 

Mandrake Bitters may be made by adding 2 ounces of Mandrake 
to the above. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. llMo 



3953- Vinegar Bitters. 

A proprietary medicine known as " Vinegar Bitters " at one time 
had a large sale, the result of extensive advertising as a " no vile 
fancy drink" and other temperance mottoes. It had the reputation 
of being a pharmaceutical compound (?) of Aloes and sour Beer. 

A Vinegar Bitters of much value, but entirely unlike the prepara- 
tion mentioned, may be made as follows : 

Cascara Sagrada Bark 6 ounces. 

Leptandra Root, 2 ounces. 

Mandrake Root 1 ounce. 

Cinnamon, )A ounce. 

Allspice, y<2 ounce. 

Good Wine or Cider Vinegar, . . . . 4 pints 

Alcohol, 1 pint. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and infuse them with the 
Vinegar at a temperature of about 200 F. for four hours, then pour 
off the liquid, pour the Water upon the dregs, and infuse as before; 
mix the liquors obtained, add the Alcohol and. after standing, strain. 

This is a good laxative and liver regulator. 

Other forms of Bitters will be found under other headings. 



3954. Bitters in Powder. 

Gentian, in fine powder 4 ounces. 

Golden Seal, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Black Cohosh, in fine powder, 2 oun< es. 

Rhubarb, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Cinnamon, in fine powder, y 2 ounce. 

Nutmeg, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Aloes, in line powder 1 ounce. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium y? ounce. 

Ginger, iri fine powder, % ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. 

This is to be put up in boxes, or p 1 about 1 
which sell gene-rally for 25 cents. 

The contents of the package is to be put into •; oi a pint of 
Water, and >^ pint of Alcohol, and a tablespoonful is to be taken 

before meals. 



1044 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

A much cheaper Bitters Powder, which has had a good sale under 
various names, may be made with 

Aloes, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 

Canella, in fine powder, 8 ounces. 

Lupulin, in fine powder, ^ ounce. 

Cassia, in fine powder, y 2 ounce. 

Mix them. To take, prepare as above, using only half the quan- 
tity of the powder 



BLOOD PURIFIERS. 

Remedies for purifying the blood are mostly included under other 
headings, as Alteratives, Bitters, Sarsaparillas, etc. A few only of 
such as are known by the title of " Blood Purifiers " are given here. 

3955. Blood Purifier. 

Burdock Root, 8 ounces av. 

Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 

Sarsaparilla, 8 ounces av. 

Senna Leaves, 4 ounces av. 

Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 20 minims.. 

Sugar, 1 pound av. 

Alcohol, 3>2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, and, having mixed a pint of 
the Alcohol with a pint of Water, macerate them for 24 hours with 
the liquid ; then pack in a percolator, mix the remaining 2^ pints 
of Alcohol with an equal measure of Water and pour upon the 
drugs ; set in a warm place for 24 hours, then percolate slowly, add- 
ing Water to the drugs after the liquid has all disappeared from the 
surface", and continuing the percolation until 7^2 pints have passed. 
Dissolve the Oil of Wintsergreen in half an ounce of Alcohol and 
add the solution, with the Sugar and Iodide of Potassium,' to the 
percolate ; dissolve and filter. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

This may be put up as Blood Purifying Bitters, Blood Cleanser, 
or by any other similar title. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1045 

3956. Blood Purifying Tea. 

Burdock Root, cut, 4 ounces. 

Blue Flag Root, cut, 1 ounce. 

Dandelion Root, cut, 3 ounces. 

Sassafras Bark, cut, . . 1 ounce. 

Sarsaparilla Root, cut, 4 ounces. 

Wild Cherry Bark, cut, 2 ounces. 

Yellow Dock Root, cut, 1 ounce. 

Mix thoroughly and put up in packages of about 2 ounces. 
Directions for preparing : Steep the contents of the package in a 
quart of Water, with gentle heat, for two hours, strain off 1 }A pint 
into a quart bottle and add half a pint of Alcohol and 4 ounces of 
Sugar. The dose is a wineglassful for adults, before meals and at 
bedtime ; children in proportion, according to age. 



CARMINATIVES. 



Carminatives are a class of mild, aromatic astringent preparations 
intended to be used for diarrhoea, summer complaints and like dis- 
orders. They are particularly adapted to children, being mild, 
pleasant to take, and effective. Other preparations of a similar 
nature will be found under other headings. See also Cholera 
Cures, Dysentery Remedies, etc. 

3957. Blackberry Carminative. 

Blackberry Juice, 4 pints. 

Tincture of Opium, 3 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Blackberry, 8 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Yam, . . ... 2 fl.oun 

Oil of Cinnamon, 30 minims. 

Oil of Nutmeg, 20 minims. 

Oil of Sassafras, 30 minims. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts with the Juice and dissolve the Sugar in 

the mixture by agitation. Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol and add 
to the mixture, then add enough Water to make a gallon of the 

preparation and, after Standing a few days, filter. 

Dose, for children, from half to a traspoouful ; for adults, from a 

teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



1046 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3958. Carminative Cordial. 

Catechu, 4 ounces av. 

Opium, 1 ounce av. 

Camphor, y 2 ounce av. 

Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. drachm. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 20 minims. 

Oil of Cloves, 20 minims. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Macerate the Catechu, Opium and Camphor, with iJ-3 pints of 
Alcohol, mixed with 2 pints of Water for seven days, agitating 
every day, pour off the liquid and reserve ; pour the drugs upon a 
filter and percolate them with Water until 3 pints of percolate have 
been obtained, mix this with the reserved liquid ; dissolve the Oils 
in the remaining half pint of Alcohol, and add to the mixture, then 
filter, dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate, and add enough Water, if 
necessary, to make a gallon of the finished product. 

Dose, for children, from half to a teaspoonful ; for adults, a tea, 
spoonful to a tablespoonful. 

3959. Ginger Carminative. 

Jamaica Ginger, in No. 40 powder, .... 6 ounces ay. 

Blackberry Root, in No. 40 powder, 1 pound av. 

Cinnamon, in No. 50 powder, 1 ounce av.. 

Nutmeg, in No. 50 powder, 1 ounce av. 

Sassafras, in No. 40 powder, 1 ounce av. 

Tincture of Opium, 4 fi. ounces. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the powdered drugs and, having mixed the Alcohol with 3 
pints of Water, moisten the drugs with 2 pints of the liquid and 
macerate in a closed vessel for 24 hours ; then pack in a percolator, 
pour the remainder of the liquid upon it and, after standing one 
day, percolate, adding Water through the percolator after the liquid 
has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the percolation 
until 6 pints are obtained ; add the Tincture of Opium and filter, 
and to the filtrate add the Sugar and, after the Sugar is dissolved, 
enough Water to make a gallon. 

Dose, for children, from half to a teaspoonful ; for adults, a tea- 
spoonful to a tablespoonful. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1047 



CATARRH REMEDIES. 

Besides the general remedies which are taken for catarrh, which 
will be found under other headings, as Alteratives, Blood Purifiers, 
Tonics, etc., there are several preparations designed for application, to 
be used by insufflation or to be applied in the form of an ointment. 
They are as follows : 

3960. Catarrh Remedy — Liquid. 

Fluid Extract of Hydrastis (Aqueous) or " Fluid 

Hydrastis," 3 fl. ounces. 

Carbolic Acid, 2 drachms. 

Sulphate of Zinc, 4 drachms. 

Sulphate of Morphine, ... . . 10 grains. 

Glycerin, 8 fl. ounces. 

Water, 5 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. To use, put 1 teaspoonful of common salt in a small 
cup of water, add 1 teaspoonful or more of the Remedy and use by 
insufflation or with a douche. This also makes an excellent gargle 
for sore throat, etc. 

3961. Catarrh Remedy — Powder. 

Golden Seal, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Chlorate of Potassium, in fine powder 

Sulphate of Zinc, 

Sulphate of .Morphine, ... 
Salicylic Acid, 



1 ounce 

2 drachms, 
o grains. 

o grains. 



Mix them well together. A teaspoonful <>\ this powder and 2 
teaspoonfuls of salt added to a pint of boiling water makes a liquid 
to be used with a douche or by insufflation. 

3962. Camphorated Cream Salve. 

For Catarrh, Etc. 

Camphor, in coarse powder, . ... . . 80 grains. 

Carbolic Acid, 60 grains. 

Oil of Eucalyptus 2 fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Aconite Root, 2 ll. drachms. 

Yellow Wax . 2 mimics aw 

Petrolatum, r 6 ounces av. 



1048 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, mix the Camphor, Carbolic Acid, 
Oil of Eucalyptus, and Tincture of Aconite, and, when the Camphor 
is dissolved, add the mixture to the melted mass while cooling. This 
may also be used as an ointment for chilblains, chaps, etc., and when- 
ever a soothing, healing ointment is desired. 

3963. Catarrh Cream Balm. 

Tincture of Aconite, 2 fi. drachms. 

Carbolic Acid (crystals), 1 drachm. 

Oil Sassafras, 30 minims. 

White Pine Turpentine, 2 drachms. 

Yellow Wax 2 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 

Melt the Wax, Turpentine, and Petrolatum together and, when 
cooling, add the Tincture, Carbolic Acid, and Oil, mixing them 
well together. 

3964. Catarrh Cure or Salve. 

Oil of Tar, 30 minims. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Eucalyptus, 2 fl.drachms. 

Oil of Peppermint, 10 minims. 

Tincture Aconite Root, 2 fl.drachms. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 

Melt, and make in the same manner as the preceding. 



3965. Catarrh Snuff. 

Catarrh Snuff, which was once a popular proprietary remedy, has 
now become of slow sale. The following formula will be sufficient: 

Euphorbium, in very fine powder, .... % ounce. 

Bismuth Subnitrate, y 2 ounce. 

Salicylic Acid, ^ ounce. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 30 minims. 

Scotch Snuff, 15 ounces. 

Mix them by rubbing the Oil of Wintergreen with a portion of the 
Snuff, adding the Euphorbium and Salicylic Acid, and then mixing 
with the remainder of the Snuff. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1(49 



CATHARTICS AND LAXATIVES. 

A great variety of preparations designed to act as laxatives or 
cathartics are found among proprietary medicines, most of them, 
however, under some other title. The following are specially rep- 
resentative of this class of preparations, but others, which act as 
cathartics or laxatives, will be found under other headings. See 
Elixirs, Tinctures, Syrups, etc. 



3966. Buckthorn Cordial. 

Cathartic or Laxative Elixir, 

A cathartic or laxative remedy — something for constipation and 
the many disorders that proceed from it — is as frequently called for 
as any patent medicine on the druggist's shelves. Cathartic or Lax- 
ative Elixirs, under various names, have been considerably called 
for of late, and are rapidly taking the place of pills and other physic. 

The following has been thoroughly triecLand is recommended : 

Buckthorn Bark, 16 ounces av. 

Rochelle Salts, 8 ounces av. 

Senna Leaves, 8 ounces av. 

'Liquorice Root, 4 ounces av. 

Ginger Root, 2 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag Root, 1 ounce av. 

Coriander Seed 2 ounces av. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 

Oil of Peppermint, . . 10 minims. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make . . . 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs together to a coarse powder, moisten them with 
2 pints of diluted Alcohol and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 
hours, then transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, 
pour upon them the remaining 4 pints <>!" diluted Alcohol and set 
hi a warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately and, after one 
hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs after the liquid 
has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat and per- 
colation until 7 pints are obtained. In this percolate dissolve the 
Rochelle Salt> and the Sn^ar. add the < >ils. previously dissolved in 



L050 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



half an ounce of Alcohol, and, after standing a few days, strain or 
filter. 

The dose, as a cathartic, is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful 
before brealcfast or at night ; as a laxative, a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

3967. Cascara Cordial. 

Cathartic or Laxative Cordial. 
This cordial is highly recommended as a remedy for habitual con- 
stipation and the disorders which attend it, as sick-headache, liver 
and stomach troubles, etc. 

Cascara Sagrada Bark, . 16 ounces av. 

Liquorice Root, 6 ounces av. 

Sweet Flag Root, . . 2 ounces av. 

Cardamom Seed, ......... 1 ounce av. 

Angelica Root, . 1 ounce av. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, . ^ ounce av. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Sugar, 2 pounds. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Make in the same manner as is directed for Buckthorn Cordial. 
Dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in the diluted Alcohol before 
percolating. 

The dose, as a cathartic, is a tablespoonful to a wineglassful ; as 
a laxative, from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

3968. Castorol. 

Child's Laxative, " Castoria.'" 
Under the name "Castoria," a laxative and regulator for children 
has been extensively sold, and it is an excellent, preparation. The 
original is made after the formula of Dr. Samuel Pitcher, which is: 

Senna Leaves, . 16 ounces. 

Pumpkin Seed, 6 ounces. 

Anise Seed, 1 ounce. 

Worm Seed, .... 3 ounces. 

Rochelle Salts, .4 ounces. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 

Sugar, 6^ pounds. 

Essence of Wintergreen y 2 fl.ounce. 

Essence of Peppermint, . . 1 fl. drachm 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1051 

Bruise the Senna, Pumpkin Seeds, Anise, and Worm Seed and 
steep them in 6 pints of Water, with gentle heat, for three hours ; 
pour off the liquid and reserve ; put 2 pints more Water on the 
drugs and steep for one hour more, then pour off the liquid, press 
lightly, and add the liquid to the portion previously reserved and 
evaporate it by gentle heat to 5 pints. When cool, strain, add the 
Essences and dissolve the Sugar, Salts, etc., in the liquid, by agita- 
tion. This may also be made by water-bath percolation in the usual 
manner. 

The dose is half a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, according to 
age, etc. It is an excellent laxative for children, and, in fact, for 
adults. 

3969. Cathartic Liver Pills. 

Extract Nux Vomica, 10 grains. 

Podophyllin, 10 grains. 

Capsicum, in fine powder, 20 grains. 

Extract Hyoscyamus, 30 grains. 

Purified Aloes, . . .100 grains. 

Mix and make 100 pills. 

Each pill contains -fa grain each Extract Nux Vomica and Pod- 
ophyllin, \ grain of Capsicum, about l /z grain Extract Hyoscyamus, 
and .1 grain of Purified Aloes. 

The dose, as a laxative and liver pill, is 1, before meals, from 
once to three times a day ; as a cathartic, 2 to 4 pills. 

This is an excellent tonic and liver pill, particularly valuable for 
habitual constipation, headache, inactive liver, etc., and cannot fail 
to give satisfaction. 

3970. Little Giant Liver Pills. 

Aloin, 10 grams. 

Podophyllin, 20 grains. 

Capsicum, 10 grains. 

Extract of Xux Vomica, 20 grains. 

Hyoscyamine, 2 grains. 

Mix, and make 100 pills. 

These are generally sold under the title of Little Liver Pills, but 
are mostly used as a laxative or cathartic, the dose as a cathartic 

being 3 to 4 pills at night or morning. 

Many other formulas for Cathartic Pills will be found under 
"Pills." 



1052 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3971. Fruit Laxative Lozenges. 

Under the name Tamar-Indien Tropical Fruit Laxative, Confectio- 
Laxative, etc., Laxative or Cathartic Lozenges have had a good sale. 
The following formula makes a good preparation of this sort. They 
are usually put up half a dozen in a tin box for 25 cents, or one 
dozen for 50 cents. 

Tamarind pulp, thick, 2 ounces. 

Extract of Senna, 2 ounces. 

Aloin, 10 grains. 

Podophyllum Resin (Podophyllin), .... 10 grains. 

Manna, 1 ounce. 

The Tamarind Pulp should be thick and the Extract of Senna of 
as firm consistence as can be obtained. The substances should then 
be warmed and well kneaded together, then rolled out and cut into 
oval lozenges of about 45 grains, covered with tin foil and wrapped 
in paraffin paper. 

The dose, as a laxative, is 1 lozenge at night ; as a light cathartic, 
2 lozenges may be taken. 

Fig Pulp may be used in place of Tamarind Pulp. A very fine 
lozenge may be made by using a portion of Pistachio paste in the 
mixture. 

Grape Sugar may be used in place of Manna, but is not so good. 

3972. Laxative Tea. 

Buckthorn Bark, cut, 4 ounces. 

Dandelion Root, cut, 4 ounces. 

Senna Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 

Liquorice Root, cut, 1 ounce. 

Sweet Flag Root, cut, y 2 ounce. 

Coriander Seed, bruised J /> ounce. 

Anise Seed, bruised, y 2 ounce. 

Mix thoroughly, and put up in packages of about two ounces, 
which will retail for 25 cents. 

It is prepared in the same manner as No. 113, and the dose, as 
a cathartic, is about the same. As a laxative, a package may be 
steeped in a pint of water, strained and mixed with half a pint of 
whisky or gin and % pound sugar. Dose, a wineglassful. 

In the form of powder the Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza 
(2764) is a good preparation to put up as a general laxative. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1053 

CHOLERA CURES. 

The demand for Cholera Cures is limited, of course, to the later 
summer months, yet there is considerable sale for preparations 
under this name, as they are used also for dysentery, diarrhoea, etc. 
Many preparations which may be put up for this purpose have been 
already given under other headings (see Mixtures, Tinctures, etc.), 
but the following may be found useful, the first two being original, 
the others old and popular formulas. Other formulas for similar 
use will be found under Dysentery Remedies. 

3973. Cholera Cure — Stimulating. 

Capsicum, 4 ounces av. 

Camphor, 4 ounces av. 

Catechu, -. 4 ounces av. 

Opium, 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Cajeput, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. ounce. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 2 fi. drachms. 

Oil of Cloves, 2 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 7>4 pints. 

Hot Water, 12 fl. ounces. 

Macerate the Catechu and Opium with the hot Water, rubbing 
them in a mortar until reduced to a pulpy mass, dissolve the Oils 
and Camphor in the Alcohol, add the Capsicum and the solution of 
Catechu and Opium, allowing the mixture to macerate a week or 
longer, shaking every day, then filter. 

Dose, as a preventive, 10 to 15 drops in a little water every morn- 
ing. For cholera, cholera infantum, cholera morbus, colic, cramp, 
or internal pain, from 15 drops to a teaspoonful in sweetened water 
every hour, or oftener, if necessary, until relieved. It may also In' 
applied over the pit of the stomach and bowels. 

3974. Cholera Remedy — Sedative. 

Tincture of Opium 3 rl.ounces. 

Hydrate of Chloral, i ounce av. 

Spirit (Essence) of Peppermint i fl. ounce. 

Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fLounce. 

Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 fl.ounces. 

Mix the liquids and dissolve the Hydrate of Chloral in the 
mixture. Dose and directions the same as the preceding. 



1054 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



3975. Asiatic Tincture for Cholera. 

Powdered Opium, 1 ounce av. 

Camphor, 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Cloves, 1 ounce av. 

Powdered Capsicum, 1 ounce av. 

Hoffman's Anodyne, 1 pint. 

Macerate two weeks and filter. Dose, 20 to 60 drops. 

3976. Australian Cholera Specific. 

Sulphuric Acid, 320 grains. 

Nitric Acid, 192 grains. 

Sugar, 240 grains. 

Gum Arabic, 240 grains. 

Water, enough to make a pint. 

Mix the AcichUlifcla 12 fl. ounces of Water, add the Sugar and 
Gum, dissolve, and add enough Water to make a pint. 

Dose, a tablespoonful, followed by a drink of water, and repeated 
in half an hour, or frequently until the disease is checked. The 
remedy is claimed never to have failed to cure if taken in reasona- 
ble time. 

3977. New-York " Sun " Cholera Mixture. 

Tincture Capsicum, 1 part. 

Tincture Opium, 1 part. 

Tincture Rhubarb, 1 part. 

Spirit Peppermint, 1 part. 

Spirit Camphor, 1 part. 

Mix. Dose, 15 to 30 drops in a wine glass of water. 

3978. Russian Cholera Drops. 

Oil of Peppermint, 75 minims. 

Tincture Opium, 5 fl. drachms. 

Wine of Ipecac, 2 fl. ounces. 

Tincture Valerian, etherial, 4 flounces. 

Mix. Dose, 10 to 20 minims. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



1055 



3979. Sparkman's Cholera Mixture. 

Camphor . . 1 drachm. 

Kino, 2 ounces. 

Catechu, y 2 ounce. 

Powdered Cinnamon, 2 ounces. 

Powdered Cloves, 1 ounce. 

Powdered Capsicum, 2 ounces. 

Brandy, q. s. 

Moisten the powders with Brandy, pack in a percolator, macerate 
48 hours and percolate 18 ft. ounces. To this add : 

Tincture Opium 2^4 fl.ounces. 

Chloroform, • . 1 fl. ounce. 

Dose, 60 drops. 



3980. Squibb's Cholera Mixture. 

Chloroform, ... 

Tincture Opium, 

Spirit Camphor, 

Tincture Capsicum, 

Alcohol, 



3 parts. 
<S parts. 
8. parts. 

8 parts. 
13 parts. 



Mix. Dose, 1 fl. drachm. 



3981. Thielemann's Cholera Drops. 

Oil of Peppermint, 1 fi. ounce. 

Alcohol, 8 fl.ounces. 

Tincture Opium and Saffron 3 fl.ounces. 

Tincture [pecac, 8 fl.ounces. 

Tincture Valerian, 13*2 fl.ounces. 

Mix. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. drachms. 



CONDITION POWDERS. 



The formulae for Condition Powders arc so familiar and common 
that it seems almost needless to give them lure, bul they may l>e 

found convenient for r< : Nicy aiv usually made to answer 

for most of the general ailments of horses and 1 attle, and are given 



1056 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

to increase the appetite, purify the blood, act on the liver, kidneys, 
etc. The following represent a variety and serve as sample 
formulas : 

3982. Condition Powder — Vegetable. 

For the Blood and Appetite. 

Bloodroot, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Sassafras, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 

Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 

Gentian, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Ginger, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 

Fenugreek Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Senna, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 
It will be observed that this powder is entirely vegetable and more 
expensive than many of the others. It may be made cheaper by 
adding to it an equal bulk of Linseed Meal. 

3983. Condition Powder— Mineral. 

Blood Purifier and Tonic. 

Nitrate of Potassium (Saltpetre), 2 ounces. 

Bitartrate of Potassium (Cream Tartar), ... 3 ounces. 

Sulphate of Iron (Copperas), 2 ounces. 

Sulphate of Antimony (Black Antimony), . . 1 ounce. 

Sulphur, 8 ounces. 

Powder and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed, 

3984. Condition Powder — Diuretic. 

Appetizer, Tonic, Diuretic, Etc. 

Gentian, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Ginger, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 

Fenugreek Seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Black Antimony, in fine powder, 1 ounce. 

Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 

Sal. Nitre, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 

Linseed Meal, in fine powder, 3 ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1057 

3985- Condition Powder — General. 

Gentian, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Fenugreek Seed, in powder, 4 ounces. 

Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Liquorice Root, in powder, 3 ounces. 

Resin, in powder, 3 ounces. 

Sulphur, in powder, 3 ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 

3986. Condition Powder — General. 

Sal. Nitre, in powder, , . . . 1 ounce. 

Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Fenugreek, in powder, 3 ounces. 

Black Antimony, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Liquorice Root, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Linseed Meal, in powder, 8 ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful or more in feed. 

3987. Heave Powder. 

For Coughs, Colds, Heaves, Etc. 

Lobelia, in fine powder, 2 ounces. 

Skunk Cabbage, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Elecampane, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Tartrate of Antimony and Potassium, . . . 1 ounce. 

Liquorice Root, in fine powder, 5 ounces. 

Mix them. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful in 
feed. 

This may be diluted, if desired, with Linseed Meal, powdered 
Fenugreek, or other powdered drugs. 

3988. Hog Cholera Powder. 

Remedies for the prevention and cure of Hog Cholera are much 
used in the West and South. They are of various composition 
and merits. The following, which is similar to Haas' Hog Remedy, 
is as popular as any : 

Phosphate of Lime, precipitated, .... 8 ounces. 

Common Chalk, in powder, 6 ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium, powdered, ... 2 ounces. 

Capsicum, powdered )' z ounce. 

Mix them well together. 



1058 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

3989. Hog Cholera Cure. 

The following is similar to another popular powder : 

Bicarbonate of Sodium 2 ounces. 

Powdered Gentian, 2 ounces. 

Powdered Ginger, 3 ounces. 

Powdered Nitre, 1 ounce. 

Powdered Chalk, 8 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. 

The doses of these powders are, as a preventive, from 1 to 2 tea- 
spoonfuls in feed twice a clay ; as a cure, a tablespoonful 3 or 4 
times a day. 

3990. Poultry Powder. 

For the diseases incident to poultry a general powder may be pre- 
pared as follows : 

Bone, ground, or Slaked Lime, 12 ounces. 

Gentian, powdered, 1 ounce. 

Capsicum, powdered, 1 ounce. 

Ginger, powdered, 2 ounces. 

Sulphur, 1 ounce. 

Mix them well together. Put a teaspoonful in a quart of feed. 

3991- £ g£ Food. 

Phosphate of Lime or Ground Bone, . . . .12 ounces. 

Capsicum, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Cantharides, in powder, 1 drachm. 

Sulphur, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, powdered, 1 ounce. 

Mix them well. Put a tablespoonful in a quart of feed. 

3992. Worm Powder. 

For Worms and Botts in Horses and Cattle. 

Cape Aloes, in powder, 5 ounces. 

Betel or Areca Nut, in powder, 8 ounces. 

Anise, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Fenugreek Seed, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Mix them well together. Dose, 2 tablespoonfuls in feed, morning 
and night. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1059 



CORN, BUNION, AND CHILBLAIN CURES. 

For the past few years Corn Cures have been the rage, and have 
become almost as plenty, but not quite so painful, as the corns 
themselves. The most popular remedies have been those in which 
Collodion has been used as a base, and which form an artificial skin 
when applied, and thus keep the medicinal agents in place. The 
same remedies also apply to bunions. Chilblains require other 
treatment, but are included under this heading. 

3993. Corn Killer. 

This preparation is similar to a variety of preparations known as 
Gerfnan Corn Cures, Corn Eradicators, and by many other names. 
Extract of Cannabis Indica is used in some, giving the preparation 
a greenish color. 

Gun Cotton (Pyroxylin), 200 grains. 

Ether (Sulphuric), i£}4 flounces. 

Alcohol, 2>Yz A. ounces. 

Salicylic Acid, 2 ounces av. 

Chloride of Zinc, 1 ounce av. 

Mix the Ether and Alcohol and dissolve the Gun Cotton in the 
mixture (this will require a day or two), then add the Salicylic Acid 
and, when it has dissolved, add the Chloride of Zinc. Keep tightly 
stopped and away from the light or fire. 

This is applied once a day for three days in succession, the part 
is then bathed in warm water and the skin and adhering corn 
removed. It may also be applied to bunions. 

3994. Corn Salve — Caustic. 

A number of Corn Salves have been popular proprietary prepar- 
ations, but are not generally so effective as the foregoing. 

Caustic Soda or Potassa, 4 ounces av. 

Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Starch, in fine powder, i ounce av. 

Glycerin, 8 ounces av. 

Dissolve the Soda or Potassa in the Water by the aid of heat, 
mix the Starch with the Glycerin and heat, with constant stirring, 
until the Stanh is entirely gelatinized and the preparation is of a 
uniform consistence, then mix with it the warm solution of Soda and 
put up while warm in small, wide-mouth bottles or glass boxes. 



1060 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

To use, spread a little of the salve on the corn or bunion, taking 
care to cover only the part to be removed, cover with a piece of 
cloth and allow to remain from two to four hours, then soak the parts 
in warm water. 

This is a caustic application and needs only to be applied once or 
twice. It is equally efficacious for warts. 

3995. Corn Salve — Magic. 

Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 

Arsenic, 1 drachm. 

Petrolatum, 1 ounce. 

Mix them by rubbing well together to form a salve which may be 
applied on a piece of linen. 

3996. Corn Plaster. 

The most familiar Corn Plasters are those made by spreading 
some adhesive plaster over thick felt and then cutting, leaving a 
hole in the centre, allowing the corn to stick up and thus relieving 
the pressure upon it. 

A good Corn Plaster, to be spread upon leather or cloth, and 
thus applied to the corn, may be made with Salicylic Acid 1 part, 
Burgundy Pitch 1 part, Yellow Wax 1 part, melted together and 
mixed. 

3997. Chilblain Lotion. 

Oil of Eucalyptus, 2 fi. ounces. 

Camphor, 2 ounces av. 

Carbolic Acid, 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. To be applied night and morning. It reduces 
the inflammation and is a sure cure for chilblains before they break. 

3998. Chilblain Ointment. 

Oil of Eucalyptus, 1 fl. ounce. 

Camphor, 1 . ounce av. 

Carbolic Acid, ^ ounce av. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 12 ounces av. 

Mix the Wax and Petrolatum and, having mixed the other ingre- 
dients and dissolved them, add to the melted substances while cool- 
ing and mix well. This is a soothing and curative ointment for 
chilblains and tender feet. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1061 



COUGH REMEDIES. 

The variety of cough preparations sold as proprietary remedies 
is greater than any other line of " patent medicines," and their sale 
altogether is probably as large as any, but being distributed among 
so many different kinds is not so noticeable as of some other lines 
of remedies. In the formulas which follow we have selected repre- 
sentatives only of such as are most popular. They are known on 
the market by names similar to those given, but the formulas do not 
claim to make exact duplicates of manufacturer's proprietary medi- 
cines, only that they are as good as any. As a general cough rem- 
edy the first one of the series (Xo. 3999) is recommended as giving 
good satisfaction. It is not like any other in the market, but will 
make a fine preparation. 

3999. Cough Remedy. 

Paregoric, .8 fi. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Ipecac, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Squill, 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture Tolu 2 fl.ounces. 

Tincture Lobelia, 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture Hyoscya'mus, ....... 2 fl.ounces. 

Powdered Extract of Liquorice, .... ^ ounce av. 

Tartar Emetic, 50 grains. 

Muriate of Ammonia, 2 ounces av. 

Chloroform, }j ounce a v. 

Carbonate of Magnesium Yt. ounce av. 

Sugar, 5 pounds av. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Rub the Tincture of Tolu with the Carbonate of Magnesium in 
a mortar, mix the Tinctures and Fluid Extracts with hall' a gallon 
of Water, dissolve the Extract of Liquorice in the mixture, add it 

to the Magnesia, etc., in the mortar and filter through paper until 
dear. Dissolve the Tartar Emetic in 4 ounces of boiling Water 

and add the solution and the Muriate of Ammonia to the filtrate 
and di»olve, put the Sugar in a gallon bottle or jug, add the Chloro- 
form to the dry'Sugar and mix them thoroughly, then add the 
liquid previously prepared and enough Water to make a gallon, and 
dissolve the Sugar by agitation. 

This is an excellent general cough remedy, the dose being 'i t" 
1 teaspoonful. 



1062 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4000. Cough Balsam. 

Tincture of Tolu, y? fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, ^2 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Bloodroot, . x /i fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Conium, ]/?. fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Elecampane, ^ fl. ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, 5 drops. 

Tartar Emetic, 8 grains. 

Boiling Water, 1 fl. ounce. 

New Orleans Molasses, ....... 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water and add it to the 
Molasses, dissolve the Oil of Sassafras in the Tincture of Tolu, mix 
it with the other tinctures and fluid extracts, and add the Molasses 
to the mixture, shaking them thoroughly together. 

4001. Cough Cordial. 

Anise Seed, Y /z ounce av. 

Fennel Seed, 20 grains. 

Blood Root, 180 grains. 

Wild Cherry 1 ounce av. 

Liquorice Root, J4 ounce av. 

Alcohol, ■ 6 fl. ounces. 

Water, q. s., or 10 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 6 ounces av. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 8 
ounces of Water and, having moistened the drug with 4 ounces of 
the mixture, allow them to macerate in a covered vessel for 24 
hours ; then pack moderately in a percolator, pour upon them the 
remainder of the liquid and percolate, adding Water through the 
percolator after the liquid has disappeared from the surface, and 
continuing the percolation until 13 fl.ounces have passed. In this 
dissolve the Sugar and, after standing a few days, filter. 

4002. Cough Cure. 

Syrup of Squill, 3 fl.ounces. . 

Syrup of Tolu, 6 fl.ounces. 

Wine of Ipecac, 3 fl.ounces. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted, 2 fl drachms. 

Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, ... 3 fl.ounces. 

Tincture of Sanguinaria, y 2 fl.ounce. 

Mix them. This is an excellent sedative cough cure. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1063 

4003. Cough Honey. 

Sulphate of Morphine, ....... S grains. 

Tartar Emetic, . . 8 grains. 

Muriate of Ammonia, . . ... 256 grains. 

Boiling Water, . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Tolu, ... ... ) z fl. ounce. 

Sugar, . . .... 14 ounces av. 

Water, . ....... 7 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Tinctures with the Sugar and agitate in a bottle, dissolve 
the Morphine and Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water, and the 
Muriate of Ammonia in 6 ounces of cold Water ; mix the solutions 
and add them to the Sugar in the bottle. Dissolve by agitation. 

If a clear preparation is desired, the Tolu may be rubbed with 
Magnesium Carbonate and Water, and filtered. 

4004. Consumption Cure. 

Tincture of Tolu, 

Fluid Extract of Lobelia, 

Fluid Extract of Indian Cannabis, 

Sulphate of Morphine, 8 

Tartar Emetic 

Chloroform, 

Essence of Peppermint, 

Boiling Water, 

Sugar, 

Water, 

Mix the Fluid Extracts, Tincture of Tolu, Chloroform, and 
Essence with the Sugar in a bottle, and agitate them thoroughly ; 
dissolve the Morphine and Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water, and 
add the solution with the 8 ounce- oi Water to the Sugar in the 
bottle ; keep tightly stopped and agitate until the Sugar is dissolved. 

This makes a preparation quite similar to Piso's Cure. 

As thus prepared this preparation is not dear, but translucent. 

A clear syrup may be made by rubbing the tincture of Tolu, Fluid 
Extract of Lobelia, Fluid Extract of Cannabis [ndica and Essem e ol 
Peppermint first with '.- ounce of Carbonate of Magnesium, then 

adding in the mortar 8 0Un< es of water, nil. bin-' them well together, 

filtering, adding the Tarter Emetic dissolved in the boiling water, 
mixing the chloroform with the sugar, and then dissolving the 

Sugar and morphine in the liquid. 



'_> 


fl. ounce. 


! 4 


fl. ounce. 


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8 


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8 


grains. 


1 


tl. drachm. 


'5 


drops. 


1 


tl. ounce. 


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ounces av. 


s 


tl. ounces 



L064 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4005. Cure- for Consumption. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 

Oil of Peppermint, 15 minims. 

Oil of Tar, 60 minims. 

Tincture of Tolu, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Sanguinaria, y 2 flounce. 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, % fl.ounce. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, % fl.ounce. 

Chloroform r 40 grains. 

Molasses (Porto Rico) 1 pint. 

Mix and agitate thoroughly. This is similar to a Western 
preparation. 

4006. Compound. Syrup of Tar and Wild Cherry. 

" German Syrup." 

Oil of Tar, 1 fl. drachm. 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac, ^2 fl.ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, . . . . 1 fl.ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, y 2 fl.ounce. 

Sugar, 14 ounces av. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Mix the Oil of Tar by Trituration with the Sugar, add the Fluid 
Extracts and Tincture to the Water and filter, then dissolve the 
Sugar, by agitation in the filtrate. 

This may also be made by adding 1 fl. drachm of Oil of Tar and 
1 fl.ounce of Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry to many of the Cough 
Remedies previously noticed, afterward straining or filtering if 
necessary. 

4007. Compound Syrup of White Pine. 

To make this Syrup it is first necessary to prepare a Tincture of 
White Pine, which is made as follows : 

TINCTURE OF WHITE PINE. 

White Pine Turpentine (Gum Thus.), . . 2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 

Cut the gum in small pieces and dissolve it in the Alcohol by the 
aid of a water-bath, or by macerating for two weeks in a warm 
place. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1065 

COMPOUND SYRUP WHITE PINE. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 

Fluid Extract of Ipecac y 2 flounce. 

Chloroform, i fl. drachm. 

Tincture White Pine, 2 ft.ounces. 

Carbonate of Magnesium y 2 ounce av. 

Water, 8 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 14 ounces av. 

Rub the Carbonate of Magnesium with 1 ounce of Sugar to a 
fine powder in a mortar and add to it the Tincture of White Pine, 
rubbing them thoroughly together, then add the Fluid Extract, 
gradually rub the Water with the mixture and filter ; mix the 
Chloroform with the Sugar in a bottle, dissolve the Morphine in the 
liquid, then mix the liquid with the Sugar in the bottle ami dissolve 
by agitation. 

4008. Compound Syrup of Wild Cherry. 

Wild Cherry, in coarse powder, .... 2 ounces av. 

Ipecac, in fine powder, }4 ounce av. 

Bloodroot, in fine powder, j£ ounce av. 

Tincture of Opium, Yz fl.ounce. 

Water, q. s., or 12 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, • 14 ounces av. 

Chloroform, 1 fl. drachm. 

Mix the drugs, moisten them with 4 ounces of Water, and macer- 
ate for 12 hours, then pack moderately in a conical percolator and 
percolate with Water until 9 fl. ounces are obtained ; mix the Chloro- 
form with the Sugar in a bottle, add the percolate and dissolve by 
agitation. 

4009. Cough Mixture. 

The following, with various modifications and additions, is a very 
common and popular prescription for coughs, etc.: 

Syrup of Squill, i ounce. 

Syrup of Tolu, . . .' 1 ounce. 

Wine of [pecac i ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, i ounce. 

To this is frequently added : 

Tincture of Bloodroot, ! { ouni e. 

Syrup of Wild < Iherry i ounce. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, diluted bounce. 

And various other medicines. 



1066 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



4010. Expectorant. 

Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus. ..... y? fi. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Lobelia, %. flounce. 

Fluid Extract of Skunk Cabbage, .... ^ fl. ounce. 

Cyanide of Potassium, 8 grains. 

Water, y^ fl. ounce. 

New Orleans Molasses, 14 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Cyanide of Potassium in the Water and mix with 
the Syrup, then add the Fluid Extracts and mix thoroughly. 

4011. Honey of Hoarhound and Tar. 

Powdered Opium, 60 grains. 

Hoarhound, ^2 ounce av. 

Wild Cherry, 2 ounces av. 

Ipecac, Yo ounce av. 

Pine Tar, y 2 ounce av. 

Water, q. s., or 12 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 14 ounces av. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and mix them thoroughly 
with the Tar, pour upon them 4 ounces of Water and macerate for 
24 hours, then pack moderately in a conical percolator and perco- 
late with Water until 9 ounces are obtained ; dissolve in this the 
Sugar by agitation. 

4012. Sedative Cough Remedy. 

Without Opium. 

This formula is given to furnish a good remedy without opium 
(which is often objectionable). This preparation is especially valu- 
able in irritating and obstinate coughs and is a pleasant sedative and 
expectorant cough remedy. 

Bromide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Tincture of Sanguinaria (Bloodroot), . . 3 fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 2 fl.ounces. 

Ether (Sulphuric), >^ fl. ounce.- 

Syrup of Ipecac, 2 fl.ounces. 

Syrup of Tolu, 7 fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Water, 3 fl.ounces. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1067 

Dissolve the Bromide of Potassium in the Water and mix the 
solution with the Syrups ; mix the Alcohol with the Ether and Tinc- 
tures, then add the mixture to the Syrups and mix. 

Dose, the same as other cough remedies, but may be given freely 
without injury. 

4013. Lung Balsam. 

Xitric Acid, . . 120 minims. 

Fluid Extract af Lobelia, . . .1 fl.ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, . . .... 6 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Conium, 4 fl. ounces. 

Extract of Liquorice, ... . • • 3 ounces av. 

Oil of Sassafras, . . 10 minims. 

Alcohol, ... 1 pint. 

Boiling Water, . . . . . . 8 fl. ounces. 

Water, 2 pints. 

Porto Rico Molasses, . . 4 pints. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts, Tincture of Opium, Oil, Acid, and 
Extract of Liquorice with the Water and Alcohol ; dissolve the 
Tartar Emetic in the boiling Water and add to the mixture, filter 
and add the Molasses to the filtrate. 
The dose is a teaSpoonful. 

4014. Terebene Cough Mixture. 

Terebene, purified 1 fl.ounce. 

Acacia, in powder '_■ ounce av. 

Sugar, .... 3 ounces av. 

Yolk of Egg, No. 2. 

Anise Water, 2 tl. ounces. 

Camphor Water, }4 fl.oum e. 

Distilled Water, to make S ll. ounces. 

Rub the Acacia and Sugar with the Terebene in a mortar, beat 
the Volk of Egg with the medicated Waters and make an emulsion 
by rubbing with the contents of the mortar, then add Water enough 
to make 8 fl.OUnces. By using Lemon Juice instead Of the distilled 
Water a more palatable preparation may be made. 
The dose is a teaspoonful. 

4015. Cough Drops or Candy. 

There are in the market a great variety of "Cough Drops," 
which are mainly sold by the ounce and not put up in the general 
style of proprietary remedies. They are usually made by COnfeC- 



1068 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

doners and moulded in various shapes, and colored either black, 
red, or brown. The most popular Black Cough Drops were intro- 
duced by Smith Brothers, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. A similar prep- 
aration may be made by adding to i pound of Rock Candy and i 
pound of Sugar, mixed and boiled to the proper consistence for 
making drops, 2 ounces Tincture of Opium, 20 grains Tartar 
Emetic, % ounce Oil of Anise, % ounce Oil of Wintergreen, and 
coloring black with Negrosine. 

Cherry Cough Drops are made by adding to 3 parts of Rock 
Candy and 1 part of Sugar, mixed and boiled to the proper 
consistence, a very little morphine, tartar emetic, capsicum, and 
flavoring with bitter almond, and coloring red. 

4016. Cough Lozenges or Troches. 

Many kinds of Cough Troches or Lozenges have been popular as 
proprietary medicines. Brown's Bronchial Troches have been as 
well received as any, but now the compound troches, tablets, or loz- 
enges for colds are coming more into use. 

A good Bronchial Troche, similar to the most popular ones, may 
be made as follows : 

Extract of Liquorice, in powder, . . . * 1 pound. 

Cubebs, in fine powder, 6 ounces. 

Sugar, in fine powder, i^4 pound. 

Acacia, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Extract of Conium, powdered, 1 ounce. 

Tartar Emetic, in powder, 1 drachm. 

Mix them well together and, with Mucilage or Water, make into 
a mass, which is to be rolled out and cut into Lozenges of about 10 
grains. 

By adding other substances, as Morphine, Opium, Ipecac, etc., 
other varieties may be made. Similar ingredients may be made into 
compressed Lozenges, if desired. 



DIARRHCEA AND DYSENTERY REMEDIES. 

The milder forms of remedies which are used for summer com- 
plaints and looseness of the bowels are known in proprietary medi- 
cines as Diarrhoea or Dysentery Remedies. Carminatives, which 
have been already mentioned, are similar. The stronger prepara- 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1069 

tions are mostly known as cholera cures, mixtures, drops, or by 
some other similar title. See Cholera Cures, page 1053. 
The following are the most popular : 

4017. Blackberry Cordial. 

Blackberry Juice, 4 pints. 

Catechu, 4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon, 1 ounce. 

Nutmeg, 1 ounce. 

Coriander Seed 1 ounce. 

Opium, in powder % ounce. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2^2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Black- 
berry Juice with the Alcohol, macerate them for a week or ten days 
in a warm place, then filter, add the Sugar, dissolve by agitation, 
and, having passed enough Water through the filter, add it to the 
mixture to make 1 gallon of the finished product. 

Dose from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful every hour or two 
until diarrhoea is checked. 

This makes a finely flavored, pleasant, and efficient cordial for 
summer complaints, and will give universal satisfaction. It may be 
made from the juice freshly expressed from the berries, or from 
well preserved Blackberry Juice put up by reliable houses. 

The following formula, although not quite so nicely flavored, is 
just as efficient and more convenient to make at all seasons of the 
year. 

4018. Blackberry Cordial. 

Made from the Root. 

Blackberry Root 24 ounces av. 

Nutmeg, 1 ounce a\ . 

Cinnamon, 1 ounce av. 

Coriander Seed, i ounce av. 

Opium, in powder, % ounce av. 

Sugar, 12 ounces av. 

Alcohol, -''.■ pints. 

Water, sufficient to make i gallon, 

Grind the drugs to a moderately fine powder and, having mixed 

the Alcohol with 5 pints of Water, moisten them with 2 pints of the 



1070 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

mixture and macerate for 24 hours in a covered vessel, then transfer 
to the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them the 
remainder of the menstruum, heat moderately for one hour, then turn 
off the heat and begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs after 
the liquid has disappeared from the top and continuing the percola- 
tion until 7^2 pints have been obtained. Lastly, dissolve the Sugar 
in the percolate and filter. 

Many other remedies for diarrhoea, dysentery and summer com- 
plaints will be found under other headings. 

4019. Diarrhoea Tablets. 

Catechu in powder, 200 grains. 

Kino in powder, 100 grains. 

Opium in powder, 25 grains. 

Sugar in powder, 600 grains. 

Gum Arabic in powder 175 grains. 

Oil of Cinnamon, 20 drops. 

Mucilage Acacia, to make a mass which is to be made into 100 
lozenges. Dose 1 to 4. 



DYSPEPSIA CURES. 



Among the general remedies for Dyspepsia may be included all 
the tonic, stomach, iron, and blood bitters, the alterative tonics and 
stimulants ; but besides these are a class of remedies particularly 
designed for Dyspepsia, which have a large sale. Dyspepsia is the 
chief cause of indigestion of amylaceous and nitrogenous food, and 
it is rational to supply to the stomach the lacking ferments or sol- 
vents of those foods, that it may perform its proper functions. 
Diastase is the proper solvent for amylaceous food and pepsin for 
nitrogenous. In the animal economy diastase is a constituent of 
saliva, and in the vegetable it is found in greatest abundance in 
malted grain, being now most employed in medicine in the form of 
Malt Extract. Pepsin is the digestive ferment of the stomach, and 
is abundantly obtained from the stomachs of various animals. 
Now, while it would seem reasonable to supply to a dyspeptic stom- 
ach these elements, the absence of which causes indigestion, yet 
there are few dyspepsia cures on the market that do so, and, as we 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1071 

must "follow the fashion," and make formulas for remedfes like 
some that are popular, we give a little variety. 

4020. Dyspepsia Remedy. 

A proprietary remedy known as " August Flower" similar to the 
following, has had a large sale in this country : 

Rhubarb, 6 ounces av. 

Golden Seal, i)4 ounce av. 

Cape Aloes, % ounce av. 

Peppermint, herb, freshly dried, .... 2 ounces av. 

Carbonate of Potassium (Sal. Tartar), . 2 ounces av. 

Capsicum, 30 grains. 

Spirit (Essence) of Peppermint, .... 3 fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 24 flounces. 

Porto Rico Molasses, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
hol with 3 pints of Water, dissolve the Carbonate of Potassium in 
the mixture, moisten the powder with 12 ounces of the liquid and 
macerate in a warm place for 24 hours ; transfer to a percolator, 
pack very moderately, pour upon it the remainder of the liquid and 
percolate, adding Water to the drugs after the liquid has disap- 
peared from the surface, and continuing the percolation until 6 
pints have passed ; to this add the Essence of Peppermint and 
Molasses and, after standing a few days, strain or decant. 

This may also be made advantageously by water-bath percolation. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful after meals. 

4021. Dyspepsia Tonic. 

Tincture of Gentian Compound, .... 4 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Rhubarb 4 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of dinger . . i fl.ounce. 

Essence of Peppermint yd fl.ounce. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium ^ ounce av. 

Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

Mix the Tinctures, etc., dissolve the Bicarbonate of Sodium in 
the Water, mix the solutions ami, after standing a day or two. filter. 

This is an excellent general remedy I'm' atonic dyspepsia with 
acid stomach, llatulcne.e, etc. 

Do e, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful after meals. 



1072 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4022. Digestive Dyspepsia Remedy. 

Malt Extract, 6 fl. ounces. 

Pepsin, saccharated, ......... 240 grains. 

Tincture of Ginger, - 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, .... 1 fl. ounce. 

Essence of Peppermint y 2 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Senna 1 fl.ou.nce. 

Whisky, 4 flounces. 

Water, enough to make a pint. 
Mix them. " Shake before taking." 
Dose, teaspoonful or more after meals. 

This is not a nice-looking mixture, and would hardly be a popular 
remedy for the market. It is also too expensive for general sale, 
but it is a very effective digestive and dyspepsia remedy, and may 
be found useful by some of our readers. 

4023. Dyspepsia Tablets. 

Saccharated Pepsin, 1000 grains. 

Saccharated Pancreatin, 1000 grains. 

Ginger, in fine powder, ........ 50 grains. 

Oil of Pimento, 50 minims. 

Acacia, in powder, . . 300 grains. 

Make into a mass with water or mucilage and divide into 100 
tablets. 

Peptonic Tablets may be made to contain in each, pure Pepsin, 1 
grain, pure Pancreatin, 1 grain, with Sugar and Gum to make a 5 
grain compressed tablet. 

Soda-Mint Tablets are made 5 grains of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
and Yt, minim Oil of Peppermint in each. 

4024. Dyspepsia Lozenges. 

A less expensive Dyspepsia Lozenge or Tablet may be made^with 

Rhubarb, in fine powder, 500 grains. 

Subnitrate of Bismuth, 500 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 300 grains. 

Ginger, in fine powder, 100 grains. 

Oil of Peppermint, 50 minims. 

Acacia, in fine powder, 300 grains. 

Sugar, in fine powder, 300 grains. 

Make into a mass with mucilage and divide into 100 tablets or 
lozenges. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1073 



ELIXIRS, ESSENCES, AND EXTRACTS. 

Quite a variety of proprietary preparations, under the name 
Elixirs, Essences, and Extracts, are found in the market, but most 
of them are included in this work under other headings. Of the 
first, the general Elixirs of Calisaya, Calisaya and Iron, and their 
combinations, Gentian and Tincture of Chloride of Iron, Elixirs of 
Pepsin, Elixirs of Lactopeptine, and combinations, have been very 
popular as pseudo-proprietary medicines. Many other proprietary 
medicines are also known as Elixirs, as Blood Elixir, Tonic Elixir, 
Down's Elixir for Coughs, McMunn's Elixir of Opium, etc. 

Of the proprietary remedies known as Essences, Essence of (rin- 
ger is the only one which has any popular sale, and that is more 
frequently called for as Extract of Ginger than as it is usually 
labeled. Of the Extracts sold as proprietary most of them are 
included under other headings, but a few are mentioned here for 
want of better classification. 

4024. Essence or Extract of Jamaica Ginger. 

This preparation, more than any other, has been a popular favorite 
for mild forms of Diarrhoea and Summer Complaint. It is also 
much used as a quick stimulant for colds, cramp, colic, etc., and for 
dyspepsia. It is a popular domestic remedy and has a ready sale at 
all drug stores. The formula is as follows : 

Jamaica Ginger Root, unbleached, in mod- 
erately fine powder, 3 pounds av. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

.Moisten the powder with 2 pints of Alcohol and pack firmly in 
the water-bath percolator, pour upon it 2 pints of Alcohol and set in 
a warm place for two days, then heat moderately and, after one 
hour, begin to percolate, adding Alcohol to the drug and continu- 
ing the heat and percolation until i gallon is obtained. The Alco- 
hol remaining in the drug may be recovered by distillation. 

The process of water-bath percolation is particularly valuable in 
making this preparation ; no extract can be made by the cold pro- 
cess which equals it in flavor and strength. Consequently, many 

manufacturers have been in the habit of adding ( apsicum, which is 

very objectionable in such a preparation. 

The dose of this preparation is from 10 to 60 drops in sweetened 
water. 



K»?4 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4025. Aromatic Extract of Jamaica Ginger. 

As some of the Essences of Ginger on the market contain 
aromatics combined with the Ginger, this formula is given : 

Jamaica Ginger, unbleached, in powder, . . 3 pounds av. 

Calamus, in powder, 1 ounce. 

Canada Snake Root, in powder, . , . . 1 ounce. 

Cinnamon and Mace, each, 1 drachm. 

Oil of Lemon, fresh 2 fi. drachms. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . . . 1 gallon. 

Make an extract of the drugs by percolation the same as directed 
in the preceding formula and add the .Oil of Lemon. 

This is used for the same purposes and given in the same quanti- 
ties as the preceding. 

4026. Extract Pinus Canadensis. 

This is a fluid extract prepared from the inner bark of hemlock 
trees, by extracting with water and evaporating the liquor until it is 
reduced to a thick fluid extract, which may be preserved by the 
addition of 3 fl. ounces of glycerin in a pint. 

A " white " or colorless extract is made from this by mixing with 
freshly precipitated Oxide of Iron and treating as directed for detan- 
nating(5i5). 

These Extracts are used for washes, injections, etc., and given 
internally for chronic diarrhoea and other similar diseases. 

4027. Extract of Shaker's Roots. 

Sarsaparilla Root, 4 ounces. 

Leptandra Root, 2 ounces. 

Mandrake Root, 1 ounce. 

Valerian Root, 2 ounces. 

Calamus Root, 1 ounce. 

Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . . 1 pint. 
Make a pint of Extract by water-bath percolation. 
This is a general alterative, given in small doses, for almost 
everything. 

Other Extracts, which are put up as proprietary, are mostly 
included under other headings. The Buchu Extracts will be found 
under Kidney and Liver Cures, the Malt Extracts and combinations 
under Malt preparations, Witch Hazel Extract under Distilled 
Extracts, the Sarsaparilla Extracts under various headings, etc. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1075 



EYE WATERS. 

Although the sale for proprietary Eye Waters is small as com- 
pared with other remedies it is steady, and the preparations pay a 
large margin of profit and are easily prepared ; therefore druggists 
can make it profitable to put them up. 

The following formulas are representative of the best prepara- 
tions of this kind : 

4028. Standard Eye Water. 

Sulphate of Zinc, 20 grains. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 16 grains. 

Glycerin, 2 fl ounces. 

Rose Water, 14 tl. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. 

4029. Eye Water. 

Fluid Hydrastis, 2 fl. drachms. 

Sulphate of Zinc, 16 grains. 

Sulphate of -Morphine, .16 grains. 

Borax 30 grains. 

Glycerin 2 fl. ounces. 

Rose Water 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. 

4030. Eye Water. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead, ^o minims. 

( rlycerin, 2 il. ounces. 

Distilled Water 14 fl.OUnces. 

Mix. 

Any of the foregoing formulae make good general Eye Waters, 
similar to those which are sold as proprietary remedies. They are 
usually put up in i oun< e bottles and sold at 25 cents. 



EYE SALVES. 

The demand for Eye Salves, like Eye Waters, is steady but not 

large, yet they are so easily made and so profitable thai druggists 
hould put them up for their trade. The following formulae make 



1076 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

reliable preparations. It is necessary to have all the ingredients in 
very fine powder, and have them thoroughly mixed : 

4031. Standard Eye Salve. 

Oxide of Zinc, 1 ounce. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 

White Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 

Rub the Morphine intimately with the Zinc to an impalpable 
powder and gradually incorporate the Petrolatum with the mixture. 
The Hubbuck's English Oxide of Zinc is the best for this purpose. 

4032. Astringent Eye Salve. 

Liquor of Subacetate of Lead, 2 fl. drachms. 

Opium, in fine powder, 30 grains. 

Tannin, in fine powder, 20 grains. 

White Petrolatum Ointment, 8 ounces. 

Mix the Goulard's Extract (Liquor Subacetate of Lead) with the 
Tannin and Opium and gradually incorporate the Petrolatum Oint- 
ment with the mixture. This is particularly useful for granulated 
lids and chronic sore eyes. 

4033. Eye Salve. 

Ammoniated Mercury (White Precipitate), . . 240 grains. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 

White Petrolatum Ointment, 8 ounces. 

Rub the Ammoniated Mercury and the Morphine to a very fine 
powder and gradually incorporate the Ointment intimately with the 
mixture. 

4034. Eye Salve. 

Calamine, 1 ounce. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 

White Petrolatum Ointment, 9 ounces. 

Rub the Calamine and Morphine together and gradually incor- 
porate the Ointment with the mixture. 



FEMALE REMEDIES. 



For the past few years a very large trade has been built up on 
proprietary remedies for female complaints. These consist mostly 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1077 



of uterine and nerve tonics combined. The following formulae will 
make preparations as valuable and reliable as any, and are repre- 
sentative of different kinds. 

4035. Female Remedy. 

Women's Health Restorative. 

Cramp Bark [Vtb urn inn Opulus), ... 8 ounces av. 

Catnep, 4 ounces av. 

False Unicorn Root (Helonlas), .... 8 ounces av. 

Senna Leaves, S ounces av. 

Partridgeberry (Mitehella), 12 ounces av. 

Cinnamon "Saigon," ....... % ounce. 

Nutmeg, Yi ounce. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 8 ounces av. 

Alcohol, • • 3 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
hol with 3 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 3 pints of the 
liquid, pack firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour upon it the 
remainder of the liquid and set in a warm place for two days, then 
heat moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
Water to the drug after the liquid has all disappeared from the surface 
of the drugs, and continuing the percolation with Water until 7 'j 
pints have been obtained ; to this add the Sugar and Spirit of Nitre; 
dissolve and filter. 

This may be made from the fluid extracts, instead of the drugs, 
as follows : Fluid Extract Cramp Bark, Fluid Extract Falsi 
corn, Fluid Extract Senna, each 8 fl. ounces. Fluid Extract Mitehella 
12 flounces, Fluid Extract Catnep 4 flounces, Spirit of Nitrous 
Ether 4 tl. ounces, Oil of Cassia 20 minims, Oil of Nutmeg 30 min- 
ims, Sugar 8 ounces av., Alcohol 2 pints. Water sufficient to make 1 
gallon. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts and Spirit of Nitre, dissolve the Oils in 

the Alcohol and add to the solution _> pints of Water, mix this with 

the Fluid Extracts, etc., dissolve the Sugar in the mixture and add 
enough Water to make a gallon. 
The dose of this preparation is from 1 to j teaspoonfuls four 

times a day. 



1078 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



4036. Aletris Cordial. 

This is similar to the old eclectric preparation known as " Mothers' 
Cordial." The following formula will make a satisfactory prep- 
aration : 

Unicorn Root (Aletris), 8 ounces. 

Catnep Herb, 4 ounces. 

Cramp Bark, 4 ounces. 

Partridgeberry Leaves, 8 ounces. 

Blue Cohosh, 2 ounces. 

Cinnamon Bark, 1 ounce. 

Orange Peel, 1 ounce. 

Caraway Seed, ^ ounce. 

Sugar, 2^ pounds av. 

Alcohol, 2^ pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate 24 hours with 
the Alcohol mixed with an equal measure of Water, then percolate, 
adding Water after the liquid has disappeared from the surface of 
the drugs, and continue the percolation with Water until 6^ pints 
of the liquid are obtained ; filter, dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate 
and add enough Water to make a gallon of the finished cordial. 
The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful four times a day. 

4037. Favorite Female Remedy. 

Witch Hazel Bark, 8 ounces av. 

Unicorn Root, 8 ounces av. 

Senna Leaves, 6 ounces av. 

Catnep Herb, 4 ounces av. 

Life Root Plant (Senecio Aureus), ... 4 ounces av. 

Vervain Herb, 4 ounces av. 

Black Haw Bark, 4 ounces av. 

Cinnamon Bark, ^ ounce av. 

Nutmeg, Y% ounce av. 

Sugar, 8 ounces av. 

Spirits of Nitre, 4 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 3 pints 
of Water, moisten the drug with 2 pints of the mixture and pack 
firmly in the water-bath percolator, pour the remainder of the mix- 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1079 

ture upon the drugs and set in a warm place for two days, then heat 
moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding Water to 
the drugs and continuing the heat and percolation until 7 pints are 
obtained ; to this add the Spirits of Xitre, dissolve the Sugar in the 
mixture, add enough Water to make a gallon, allow to stand a few 
days and filter. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful four times a day. 

4038. Female Pills. 

Under this title a great many pills are found in the market, most 
of them being indirectly advertised to "cure irregularity," and sold 
at an exorbitant price. 

A variety of formulas for Female Pills will be found among the 
Pills, or the following may be used : 

Ergotin, 100 grains. 

Extract Hellebore, 50 grains. 

Myrrh 50 grains. 

Sulphate of Iron, 50 grains. 

Aloin, . 20 grains. 

Make into 100 pills. 

The dose is 1 to 3 pills two or three times a day. 



HAIR DYES, RESTORATIVES, AND TONICS. 

Preparations for the hair, to dye or change its color and promote 
its growth, are extensively sold as proprietary remedies. The fol- 
lowing formulas are the best of the kinds used for their purposes : 

HAIR DYES. 

4039. " Lightning Dye," Black, for the Hair and 
Whiskers. 

This is similar to the dye used by barbers. Ii is composed of a 
mordant and a dye, as follows : 

1 . MORDA N 1 . 

Pyrogallic And . . 3 drachms. 

hoi 5 fl.ou 

Water . . . . 1 1 fl.ouncei 

Mix and dissolve. 



1080 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. . 

NO. 2. BLACK DYE. 

Nitrate of Silver (Crystals), 2 ounces av. 

Aqua Ammonia, q. s., or about 4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, q. s., or about 12 fi. ounces. 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 fl. ounces of the distilled 
Water and add 3 fl. ounces of Aqua Ammonia. This will produce 
a dark brown, precipitate. Continue to add Aqua Ammonia in 
small quantities until the precipitate is entirely redissolved, then 
add enough distilled Water to make a pint. 

In making this preparation for a black dye no more Aqua Ammo- 
nia must be used than is necessary to dissolve the precipitate, for a 
larger quantity than is necessary lightens the color. 

4040. Lightning Dye — Brown. 

Nitrate of Silver, 1 ounce av. 

Aqua Ammonia, q. s., or about 2 fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda), .... 3 drachms. 

Water, q. s., or about 10 fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in 8 ounces of Water and add 
Aqua Ammonia until the precipitate which is formed is dissolved ; 
dissolve the Sal Soda in the solution and add enough Water to make 
1 2 fl. ounces, and, after standing a few days, decant. 
Use the same mordant for this dye as for the black. 
To apply these dyes the hair or whiskers are first washed with 
soda water or soap suds to remove any grease or oil, the mordant is 
then applied and allowed to dry ; the dye is then put on carefully 
with a tooth-brush or other convenient utensil and dried by fanning; 
the hair, when dry, is then washed with soapsuds, to remove any 
superfluous dye, and dried. 

Stains on the skin may be removed by rubbing them with the fol- 
lowing solution : 

Sulphate of Potassium 1 ounce. 

Water, 1 pint. 

Dissolve. 

4041. Hair Dye — Black. (One Preparation.) 

Nitrate of Silver, 2 ounces 

Nitrate of Copper, 30 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, about 4 fl. ounces. 

Distilled Water, enough to make a pint. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1081 

Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver and Copper in 8 ounces of distilled 
Water and gradually add the Water of Ammonia until the precipi- 
tate first formed is redissolved, then add sufficient distilled Water 
to make a pint. 

This dye may be used without a mordant. 

4042. Blondine, or Golden Hair Coloring. 

What is sold on the market for the purpose of bleaching the hair 
or producing a blonde color is simply Peroxide of Hydrogen Solu- 
tion. It cannot readily be prepared except in a chemical laboratory. 
The hair is first washed in a weak solution of soda to remove any 
grease or oil, and then dried by ironing it with a warm flat-iron. 
The solution is then applied and dried in the same manner, several 
applications often being necessary to produce the desired color. 

HAIR RESTORATIVES. 

These preparations, which are designed for changing gray hair 
to its former natural color, have had a very extensive sale in past 
years, and still sell considerably. They are generally made to serve 
as invigorator and dressing for the hair as well as to restore the 
color. They all act by the absorption of lead and sulphur, and 
their conversion into sulphide of lead in the hair when exposed to 
light. It is necessary that these preparations be protected from the 
light. The following formulae make preparations similar to those 
most popular in the market : 

4043. Hair Renewer or Balsam. 

Acetate of Lead i r j ounces av. 

Lac Sulphur (Precipitated Sulphur), ... 2 ounces av. 

Tincture of Cantharides 1 fl.ounce. 

Glycerin, 1 pint. 

Alcohol '-• pint. 

Oil of Citronella, - 1 fl.drachms. 

oil of Bergamot 1 fl.drachm. 

Water, suffii ient u> make a gallon, 
Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Glycerin and Tincture 
of Cantharides and mix with the Water, then add the Sulphur and 
A( < tate "I I .ead. 



1082 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4044. Hair Vigor or Vitalizer. 

Precipitated (Lac) Sulphur 2 ounces av. 

Nitrate of Lead i 1 /^ ounces av. 

Tincture of Cantharides, 2 fi. ounces. 

Glycerin, 1 pint. 

Alcohol, y 2 pint. 

Oil of Lavender, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 

Essential Oil of Almonds, 30 minims. 

Water, enough to make a gallon. 
Mix the Sulphur and the Lead and add to half a gallon of the 
Water, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Tincture of Can- 
tharides and Glycerin and add to the mixture ; then add enough 
Water to make a gallon. The Nitrate of Lead is to be preferred 
to the Acetate on account of the disagreeable odor of the Acetate. 
If the odor of rose is preferred to Lavender, 3 pints of Rose Water 
may be used, the Oil of Lavender being omitted. 

4045. Hair Renovator. 

Acetate or Nitrate of Lead, iJ-2 ounce av. 

Hyposulphite of Sodium, 5 ounces av. 

Glycerin, 1 pint. 

Alcohol, y 2 pint. 

Oil of Lemon, 2 fl. drachms. 

Essential Oil or Almonds, Yi fl. drachm. 

Oil of Cloves, y 2 fl. drachm. 

Rose Water, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Dissolve the Lead and Hyposulphite of Sodium, each separately, 
in 2 pints of hot Water and mix the solutions ; dissolve the Oils in 
the Alcohol, add 2 pints of Water and rub with half ounce Carbon- 
ate of Magnesium in a mortar, filter and add the filtrate to the 
other mixture, then add the Glycerin and enough Water to make a 
gallon. 

This makes a preparation without sediment, which is much cleaner 
to use than those containing the Precipitated Sulphur. It must be 
kept from the light. 

4046. Hair Restorer. (Two Preparations.) 

The following is similar to several preparations .that have been 
put upon the market, containing two bottles. It has no particular 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1083 

advantage over Xo. 4044, except that the bottles may be exposed to 
light without causing precipitation. 

NO. I SOLUTION. 

Hyposulphite of Sodium 2 ounces av. 

Rose Water 1 pint. 

Water 1 pint. 

Alcohol, yi pint. 

Mix and dissolve. 

Xo. 2 SOLUTION. 

Xitrate of Lead, ... 1 ounce av. 

Glycerin 4 fl.ounces. 

Distilled Water, 3 pints. 

Mix and dissolve. 

Apply Xo. 1 solution to the hair and allow to dry, then applv Xo. 
2 solution, rubbing it in thoroughly with a hair brush. 

4047. Mrs. Allen's Hair Restorer. 

From analyses of this preparation, conducted separately by Witt- 
stein and Musset, it is shown to contain Sulphur, Sugar of Lead, and 
Glycerin, with aromatic water. The following formula very nearly 
corresponds with the analysis : 

Lac Sulphur 135 grains. 

Acetate of Lead 190 grains. 

( rlycerin, 3^ fl ounces. 

Water, ..11 fl.ounces. 

Cologne or bulk perfume, .... 1 ounce. 

Mix. 
This is one of the oldest and best known I lair Restorers. 

HAIR TONICS. 

4048. Katharion Tonic. 

Castor Oil \ fl.ounces. 

Tincture Cantharides ( 1 S80), 4 fl.drachms. 

Tannic Acid, 30 grains. 

( Ml ( Ttronella 30 minims. 

Oil Bergamol 30 minims. 

( )il ( lloves 40 minims. 

Oil Lavender Flowers ... 60 minims. 

( )il Rosemary, 60 minims. 

Alcohol 1 - fl.ounces. 

M t 



1084 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4049. Hair Tonic. 

Tincture of Cantharides 4 fl. drachms. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. ounce. 

Cologne, 2 fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 4 fl. ounces. 

Borax 2 drachms. 

Bay Rum, 4 fl. ounces. 

Water, 4 fl. ounces. 

Mix. 

This is an excellent tonic, shampoo, or dressing : 

4050. Hair Lotion or Wash. 

To prevent the Hair from falling out and promote its growth. 

Tincture Cantharides, 2 fl. drachms. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Bay Rum, 5 fl. ounces. 

Rose Water, 10 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. This is applied as a lotion for baldness, etc., also as 
a dressing. 

4051. Carboline Hair Grower. 

Neutral Paraffin Oil 1 pint. 

Cantharides Tincture, 4 fl. drachms 

Euphorbium, 20 grains. 

Oil of Rosemary, 4 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Cassia, 20 drops. 

Ori of Cloves, 5 drops. 

Heat the Euphorbium and Tincture of Cantharides for 2 hours 
with the Paraffin Oil, then strain and add the other Oils. This is 
used for promoting the growth of the hair, baldness, etc. It should 
be rubbed thoroughly on the scalp. 



HEART PREPARATIONS. 

The sale for proprietary heart medicines has never been large, for 
the reason that people who have any trouble with this organ, if pos- 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1085 

sible, seek the advice of physicians. A very few preparations for 
heart troubles are found on the market, all similar in composition. 

4052. Heart Corrector or Regulator. 

Digitalis, in coarse powder, 1 ounce. 

Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, 1 ounce. 

American Hellebore (veratrum-viride), ... 2 drachms. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Percolate the drugs with the Diluted Alcohol until a pint of Tinc- 
ture is obtained. The dose is from ){ to 1 teaspoonful for palpita- 
tion or other disturbances of the heart. 



HYPOPHOSPHITE COMPOUNDS. 

The Compounds of Hypophosphites are considerably sold as 
proprietary medicines, some special makes being quite popular, but 
as they have been noticed under solutions, emulsions, malt prepara- 
tions, syrups and other headings, it will be unnecessary to give fur- 
ther formulas for them in this department. 



INHALANTS AND INHALERS. 

Inhalants are designed to be used, by being vaporized in Inhalers 
v designed for that purpose, ami are employed for the relief 

or cure of asthma, catarrh, colds, bronchitis, hay-fever, and 
diseases affecting the air passages. A greal variety of Inhalers arc 
made, the most convenient and practical beingthose which admit of 
the passage of air through tubes of paper, wood, or other absorbing 
substance or loose fibrous material which is saturated with the In- 
halant. The air then being drawn through these saturated tube-, or 

substances carries the vapor of the Inhalant to the diseased part, 

where it exerts its curative action. Other forms of Inhalers are 

those by which a current of air is made to pass through a solution 
of some volatile medicinal substance contained in a bottle, 



1086 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



The following Inhalants may be put up as proprietary. 

4053. Carbolate of Iodine Inhalant. 

Carbolic Acid (Crystals), 120 grains. 

Glycerin, 1 drachm. 

Tincture Iodine, 3 drachms. 

Camphor, in powder 90 grains. 

Water of Ammonia, q. s. 
Dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the Glycerin, add the Tincture of 

Iodine and Camphor, and then add Water of Ammonia drop by 
drop until the solution is nearly colorless. 

4054. Excelsior Inhalant. 

Carbolic Acid (Crystals), 1% ounce av. 

Camphor, 2 ounces av. 

Oil of Eucalyptus, . . . . . % fl. ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Tar, . . . . 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. drachm. 

Mix and dissolve. 

This is an excellent Inhalant and may be put up by any other 
name than the one in the title. It is used for catarrh, etc. 

4055. Menthol Inhalant. 

Menthol Inhalers are made by enclosing crystallized Menthol or 
pip-menthol loosely packed in a glass tube which may be opened at 
both ends. The air being inhaled through the tube is charged with 
the menthol vapor. They are used chiefly for headache. A solu- 
tion of Menthol may also be prepared by dissolving 1 ounce of 
Menthol in 8 ounces of Alcohol. This may be used with any of the 
ordinary forms of tubular inhalers. 



INJECTIONS. 



Injections which are sold as proprietary remedies are mostly for 
private diseases, but in regular pharmacy Hypodermic Injections of 
Apo-morphine, Ergotin and Morphine are official in the Br. P., and 
many others are prescribed or employed by physicians in their prac- 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1087 

tice. In this department the proprietary injections only will be 
noticed. 

4056. Injection Brou. 

Acacia, in coarse powder ' . 2 drachms. 

Calamine, . . 1 drachm. 

Acetate of Zinc, 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Opium and Saffron, .... 4 fl. drachms. 

Water sufficient to make a pint. 
Dissolve the Acacia and Acetate of Zinc in the Water and tritu- 
rate with the Calamine in a mortar, then add the tinctures. This is 
to be shaken before using. Ordinary Laudanum may be used in- 
stead of the Tincture of Opium and Saffron. 

4057. Rose Injection or Rose Wash. 

Sulphate of Zinc, 1 drachm. 

Tincture of Catechu, 4 fl. drachms. 

Tincture of Opium, 4 fl. drachms. 

Glycerin, i fl.ounce. 

Rose Water, 14 tl. ounces. 

M i.\ them. 

4058. Compound Hydrastis Injection. 
Fluid Hydrastis, or Aqueous Fl. Extract 

Hydrastis. 1 fl.ounce. 

Sulphate of Zinc 1 drachm. 

Glycerin i tl. ounce. 

rincture of Catechu 4 fl. drachms. 

Rose Water 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix them. 



IODIDE ALTERATIVES. 
The following preparations have hern popular as proprietary 
medicines with published formulas of composition, and, sold mainly 
1 ription of physicians. 

4059. Iodide of Potassium Elixir Compound. 

•• lodia " Alterative Elixir. 
Under the name " lodia," Battle & Co., Chemists, Corporation of 

St. Louis, have mide and sold an alterative preparation, claiming it 



1088 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



to contain certain alterative preparations combined with Iodide of 
Potassium and Phosphate of Iron. A good preparation of this 
kind, containing similar ingredients as is claimed for this, may be 
made as follows : 

Stillingia, in coarse powder, 2 ounces av. 

Prickly-Ash Bark, % ounce - 

Saxafraga, 1 ounce. 

Yellow Parilla, 1 ounce. 

Blue Flag, % ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 

Phosphate of Iron (Scale salt 1880), . .128 grains. 

Diluted Alcohol, 16 n. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the powdered drugs and percolate with the diluted Alcohol 
first, and then with Water until 15 fl. ounces are obtained. Dis- 
solve the Iodide of Potassium in the tincture and the Iron Salt 
in 1 ounce of hot Water, and gradually add the tincture to the Iron 
solution and after standing filter. 

By using tasteless " Tincture of Iron " a better preparation may 
be made. 

4060. Elixir Iodides and Bromides of Calcium Compound. 
" Elixir Iodo-Bromidc of Calcium Compound." 
Under the title " Elixir Iodo-Bromide of Calcium Compound," 
Tilden & Co. of New Lebanon, have had an extensive sale for an 
alterative compound, claiming to contain many valuable Alterative 
Salts and medicines. This is noted on page 292. The following 
formula is suggested by C. S. Hallberg of Chicago, in a paper read 
before the Illinois Pharmaceutical Association at Bloomington, 111., 
October 1, 1884 : 

Calcium Bromide, . . . . 256 grains. 

Sodium Iodide, 256 grains. 

Potassium Iodide, 256 grains. 

Magnesium Chloride, 256 grains. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla Compound, ... 2 ounces. 

Fluid Extract Stillingia Compound, ... 2 ounces. 

Elixir Orange, 4 ounces. 

Sugar, 4 ounces. 

Water sufficient to make a pint. 
Dissolve the Salts in the Water, add the Sugar, and to this syrup 
add the fluid extracts previously mixed with the Elixir Orange. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 10S9 



After standing two days filter, adding Water to make the measure 
16 fi.ounces. 

KIDNEY AND LIVER REMEDIES. 

Many of the remedies which are designed to act on the Kidneys 
and Liver are noticed under ofher headings, and only those which 
are known in the market by the name of Kidney and Liver Reme- 
dies or Cures, or by other similar titles are included in this section. 

There has always been a good demand for proprietary remedies for 
diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urinary organs. In the earlier 
days, Vaughn's Lithontriptic and Constitution Water were popular. 
More recently, Helmbold's and other Buchus had a big run ; still 
more lately Diuretic Elixirs of various kinds have had their day, 
and now a large family of Liver and Kidney Remedies have swept 
everything else out of the way, and are having the market all to 
themselves. So extensively have some of these late remedies been 
advertised and pushed, that it is now difficult to find a man, woman, 
var child who has not some serious kidney difficulty. 

In making the formulae for those preparations we would have pre- 
ferred to confine their use to the kidneys, bladder, and urinary 
organs, but we must follow the fashion and include the liver also. 

The formulae which follow make preparations similar to those 
most popular in the market, and are representative of different 
kinds of kidney and liver remedies. 

4061. Diuretic Cordial, Kidney and Liver Remedy. 
Liverwort, herb (Hepatica), 16 ounces av. 

Dandelion Root, 8 ounces av. 

Digitalis, leaves 1 ounce av. 

Hydrangea Knot, 4 ounces av. 

Wintergreen, herb, 2 ounces av. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 

Sugar, \2 ounces av. 

Alcohol, i'j pints. 

Menthol, 5 grains. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Grind the herbs, etc., to a coarse powder and, having mixed the 

Alcohol with 4 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 2 pints of 

the mixture and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to 

the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it the r< 

tier of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day; then heat 



1090 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
Water through the percolator after the liquid has disappeared from 
the surface, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7^ pints 
have passed ; in this dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium and Sugar, 
and, after standing 'a few days, filter. 

This may be made by the ordinary method of percolation instead 
of by water-bath, but the latter is preferable. 

If it is desired to use fluid extracts instead of the drugs, the for- 
mula is as follows : Fluid Extract of Liverwort 16 fl. ounces, Fluid 
Extract of Dandelion 8 fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Hydrangea 4 
fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Digitalis 1 fl. ounce, Essence of Winter- 
green 1 fl. drachm, Nitrate of Potassium 3 ounces av., Sugar 12 
ounces av., Alcohol 10 fl. ounces, Menthol 5 grains, Water 5 pints. 

Mix the Fluid Extracts, Alcohol, and Water, add the Essence of 
Wintergreen and Menthol, dissolve the Sugar and Nitre in the 
liquid, and filter. 

This is very similar to, but considerably stronger than, the " Safe " 
cure. The usual dose is from a dessertspoonful to a tablespoqnful, 
the latter containing about 5 grains of Nitrate of Potassium. 

4062. Kidney and Liver Remedy. 

Dandelion Root, 12 ounces av. 

Buchu Leaves, short, 8 ounces av. 

Liverwort, herb, 8 ounces av. 

Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces av. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 8 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 12 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
hol with 4 pints of Water, moisten the powder with 2 pints of the 
mixture and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to 
the water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon it the 
remainder of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day, then 
heat very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
Water to the drugs after the liquid has disappeared, and continuing 
the heat and percolation until 7 pints have passed ; to this add the 
Spirit of Nitre and the Sugar, and enough Water to make a gallon, 
and, after standing a few days, strain. 

This may be made by the ordinary method of percolation instead 
of by water-bath. The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



1091 



It may be made from fluid extracts by taking Fluid Extract of 
Dandelion 12 fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Buchu S fl. ounces, Fluid 
Extract of Liverwort S fl. ounces, Fluid Extract of Hydrangea 4 
fl. ounces, Spirit of Nitre, sweet, 8 fl. ounces, Sugar 12 ounces av., 
Alcohol 1 pint, Water \% pints. 

Mix, dissolve the Sugar, and filter. 

4063. Buchu Compound. 

Buchu Leaves, short 12 ounces av. 

Juniper Berries, S ounces av. 

Liverwort, herb, 4 ounces av. 

Hydrangea Root, 4 ounces av. 

Acetate of Potassium, 4 ounces av. 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 4 fl. ounces. 

Sugar, 12 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 2>4 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and, having mixed the Alco- 
hol with 4 pints of Water, moisten them with 2 pints of the mixture 
and macerate in a covered vessel for 24 hours ; transfer to the 
water-bath percolator, pack moderately, pour upon them the remain- 
der of the liquid and set in a warm place for one day, then heat 
very moderately and, after one hour, begin to percolate, adding 
Water to the drugs after the liquid has disappeared from the sur- 
face, and continuing the heat and percolation until 7% pints have 
passed ; in this dissolve the Sugar and Acetate of Potassium and, 
after standing a few days, filter. 

This is somewhat similar to the Diuretic Elixir, Buchu, Juniper, 
and Acetate of Potassium, which has been quite popular. 

4064. Nephritic Compound. 

Buchu Leaves, short, 12 ounces av. 

Hydrangea Root, . 12 ounces av. 

Digitalis Leaves, 3 ounces av. 

Juniper Berries, S ounces av. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 

Essence of Wintergreen, 1 B.ounce. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, moisten them with sufficient 
Alcohol and Water mixed in equal quantities by measure, and 



1092 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

macerate for 24 hours, then transfer to a water-bath percolator, pack 
firmly, cover with a mixture of equal measures of Alcohol and 
Water, heat moderately and percolate with the same until the quan- 
tity of Alcohol which is directed has been used ; then add Water to 
the drugs, and continue the percolation, until one gallon of the 
percolate is obtained. Dissolve the Nitrate of Potassium in this 
and filter. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful as a remedy for 
kidney troubles. 

4065. Kidney and Liverwort Tea. 

Liverwort, herb, cut, 8 ounces. 

Dandelion Root, cut, 4 ounces. 

Digitalis Leaves, cut, ^ ounce. 

Hydrangea Root, cut, 2 ounces. 

Wintergreen, herb, cut, 1 ounce. 

Peppermint, herb, cut, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, powder, 3 ounces. 

Mix thoroughly, and put up in packages, holding about 2 ounces. 

Directions for use : Steep the contents of the package in a quart of 

water, with gentle heat, for two hours, then strain off i}4 pints, and 

add to it half a pint of alcohol and 2 ounces of sugar. Adult dose 

of this preparation a wine-glass full (1 flounce ), four times a day. 

Kidncywort. — A proprietary medicine by this title is put up by 
Wells, Richardson & Co. of Burlington, Vt., both in a liquid and 
dry form. The dry Kidneywort is a mixture of drugs, as dandelion, 
hydrangea, etc., and extracts of other drugs, with roasted beans 
coarsely ground. The liquid contains the strength of similar 
medicinal ingredients. 



LINIMENTS. 



Proprietary preparations that are sold as Liniments may naturally 
be divided into two classes : A, those intended for internal and ex- 
ternal use, and B, those intended for external use only. The former 
are used the same as the Balms and Pain Killers as general pana- 
ceas, and consist mostly of oils or volatile substances dissolved in 
Alcohol or similar solvents ; the latter are usually mixtures of 
volatile oil and substances with some fixed or mineral oil, and are 
used externally for pain, swellings, sores, etc. 

The following formulse are representatives of popular liniments. 
Others will be found under other headings throughout this work. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



1093 



CLASS A. — For External and Internal Use. 

4066. Arnica Liniment. 

Arnica Flowers, . 16 ounces av. 

Smartweed Herb, 18 ounces av. 

Marigold Flowers, 4 ounces av. 

Oil of Sassafras, 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Origanum, y? fl. ounce. 

Camphor, 1 ounce av. 

Alcohol, 7 pints. 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make a gallon. 
Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and pack firmly in the water- 
bath percolator. Pour upon them 4 pints of alcohol, and macerate 
in a warm place for 24 hours, then heat very moderately for one 
hour, and begin to percolate slowly, adding first the remaining three 
pints of alcohol, and when it has disappeared from the surface con- 
tinue the percolation with water until 7^ pints have passed. To 
this percolate add the oils and the camphor and dissolve ; filter if 
necessary. This is for external or internal use. 

4067. Cocaine Liniment. 

Hydrochlorate of Cocaine, 30 grains. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 14 fl. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. The dose is 20 to 30 minims. It is also used 
externally for pains, etc. 

4068. Eclectric Liniment. 

Oil of Origanum 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Hemlock 4 fl.oum 

Oil of Turpentine 4 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl.oum 

Oil of Amber )z fl.ounce. 

Camphor, 2 ounces av. 

Capsicum ia fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Myrrh in fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Waur of Ammonia 4 fl.ounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Mix and macerate for 7 days, then filter. 
For external or internal use. 



1094 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4069. Indian Liniment. 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Origanum, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Pennyroyal, 1 ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum, 2 ounces. 

Alcohol, 26 ounces. 

Mix them. This is a popular general panacea for pain, colic, etc. 
Dose 20 to 30 minims or more. 

4070. Menthol Liniment. 

Menthol, 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum, 4 ounces. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 

Alcohol, 27 ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. This is used externally for pain, rheumatism, 
headache, etc., and may be taken in doses of 20 to 30 minims. 

4071. "Ready Relief." 

Druggists have no right to use the title " Ready Relief " on their 
labels and wrappers, as it is claimed as proprietary by Radway & 
Co. This formula, however, makes a similar preparation. 

Camphor, 3 ounces av. 

Capsicum, .8 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 2 flounces. 

Stronger Waters of Ammonia, 8 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 1 gallon. 

Mix and macerate for a week, shaking daily, then filter. 

4072. Thymol-Chloral Liniment. 

Thymol 1 ounce. 

Chloral Hydrate, 1 ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum, 4 ounces. 

Alcohol, 26 ounces. 

Mix, dissolve and filter. For rheumatism, pain, etc. Dose 20 to 
30 minims when taken. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1095 

4073. Smartweed Compound or Extract. 

Smartweed, leaves or herb, 20 ounces. 

Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Water, 2 pints. 

Camphor, 6 drachms. 

Oil Hemlock, ) , 

1 - each, 1 ounce. 

Oil Sassafras, ) 

Grind the Smartweed to a coarse powder, and moisten it with 1 
pint of the Alcohol ; pack tightly in a percolator, and pour upon it 
the remaining Alcohol ; cover closely and allow to stand four days ; 
begin the percolation, and when no more Alcohol remains on top of 
drug, add the water. When the liquid has ceased to drop, press 
out what remains in the drug in the percolator, and add to the last 
portion. 

In the 4 pints first obtained by percolation (before the Water is 
added to the drug in the percolator), dissolve the Camphor and 
Oils, and when the last portion of the percolate and that from the 
pressure is obtained, add it gradually to the portion in which the 
Oils, etc., have been dissolved, and filter, adding Alcohol enough to 
make 1 gallon. For external and internal use. 

4074. Wizard Liniment. 

Oil of Sassafras, S fl.ounces. 

Oil of Cloves, 2 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl.ounces. 

Stronger Water of Ammonia, 1 flounce 

Ether (Sulphuric), 4 fl.ounces. 

Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 

Camphor 2 ounc< 

Alcohol sufficient to make a gallon. 
Mix and dissolve. 
For internal or external use. 

Under the title Wizard oil, Wizard Liniment, Wizard Balm, 
Golden Relief, Golden Oil, and by many other similar names, a 
.lass..!" preparations for internal and external use are largely sold. 
In the preceding pages many good formulas for such preparations 

will be found under various titles. They are mostly compounds of 
aromatic oils with camphor and chloroform or ether, and 

prompt and diffusive remedies to relieve cramp, pain, colic. The 

profit on these preparations is large, and as they may readily be pre- 
pared there is no reason why druggists should not as well secure it 
to themselves as to pay it to others. 



1096 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4075. Eclectric Oil. 

The following formula has been published as similar to Thomas'. 

Camphor, y 2 ounce. 

Oil Gaultheria, ^2 ounce. 

Oil Origanum ^4 ounce. 

Chloroform, 1 ounce. 

Laudanum, 1 ounce. 

Oil Sassafras 1 ounce. 

Oil Hemlock, 1 ounce. 

Oil Turpentine, 1 ounce. 

Balsam Fir, 1 ounce. 

Tincture Guaiacum 1 ounce. 

Tincture Catechu 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 4 pints. 

Alkanet, sufficient to color. 

Several other formulas are given in this work which make prep- 
arations similar to this. 

CLASS B. — For External Use only. 

4076. Fluid Lightning. 

Aconitia, 1 grain. 

Essential Oil of Mustard 1 drachm. 

Glycerin 1 ounce. 

Alcohol, 4 ounces. 

Mix. 

This is a valuable external preparation for headache, neuralgia, 
rheumatism, and all nervous pains. 

4077. "Gargling Oil" Liniment. 

Camphor, 8 ounces av. 

Oil of Amber, 2 fi. ounces. 

Origanum Oil, 1 flounce. 

Carbolic Acid, 4 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 3 pints. 

Crude Petroleum Oil, 4 pints. 

Stronger Water of Ammonia, 2 fl. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve. 

This is somewhat like but we think a much better preparation 
than Gargling Oil. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1097 



4078. Iodide of Ammonium Liniment. 

Iodine, 1 drachm. 

Camphor, J4 ounce. 

Oil Rosemary, ) , a 1 

, _., ' c each, 2 drachms. 

Oil Lavender, ) 

Water of Ammonia, q. s.. or 1 ounce. 

Alcohol , 1 pint. 

Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol and add the Camphor and the 
Oils, then add Water of Ammonia enough to remove the dark color 
of the mixture, or change it to a light straw color. 

4079. Mexican Liniment. 

Olive Oil, 2 pints. 

Camphor, 2 ounces. 

Oil Origanum, 1 ounce. 

Oil Sassafras, 1 ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, 8 ounces. 

Dissolve the Camphor in the Oils and mix well with the Water of 
Ammonia. 

4080. Nerve and Bone Liniment. 

Oil of Origanum, 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Rosemary .1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Amber, 1 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl.ounce. 

Camphor 4 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine 3 pints. 

Linseed Oil, 5 pints. 

Mix and dissolve. 

4081. Ready Oil Liniment. 

( )il < Origanum 1 fl.ounce. 

( HI Sassafras 1 A.qi 

Oil 1 teralock 1 fl.ounce. 

( >il Peppermint, ... 2 fl. drachms. 

Chloroform, ... 1 fl. drachms. 

( lamphor 1 ounce av. 

il Paraffin ' >il 1 2 fl.ounces 

Mix the* Oils and dissolve the Camphor in the mixture. Cotton- 
Seed < HI or Linseed < »il may be used instead of the Paraffin < HI. 
'This is a good general Oil Liniment. 



1098 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4082. Rheumatic Liniment. 

Oil of Sassafras, 6 flounces. 

Oil of Origanum, . 4 flounces. 

Oil of Cedar, 2 ft. ounces. 

Oil of Amber, 1 ft. ounce. 

Camphor, 8 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine sufficient to make a gallon. 
Mix and dissolve. 

This is said to be quite similar to the popular preparation known 
as " St. Jacob's Oil." 

4083. "Spavin Cure." 

This comes properly under the head of Liniments, but it is chiefly 
used in veterinary practice. It is, however, an excellent absorbent 
liniment for man or beast. An excellent application for swellings or 
lameness of any kind, but it must not be used internally. 

Camphor, 4 ounces av. 

Oil of Turpentine, 4 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Iodine, 4 fl. ounces. 

Bichloride of Mercury, 30 grains. 

Oil of Spike, 2 flounces. 

Oil of Amber, 2 ft. drachms. 

Mix and dissolve. 

4084. Veterinary Liniment. 

Oil of Amber, 2 flounces. 

Camphor, 4 ounces av. 

Carbolic Acid, 3 ounces av. 

Oil of Tar, 2 flounces. 

Oil of Sassafras, . 4 fl. ounces.- 

Oil of Turpentine, 2 pints. 

Crude Petroleum, 5 pints. 

Mix and dissolve. 



NERVINES, HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES. 

Nervines and Sedatives, as a class, do not have a large sale as 
proprietary medicines, which is rather strange considering the prev- 
alence of nervous diseases. It is to be inferred that persons thus 
afflicted either apply to their physician, or purchase some nervine of 
their druggist with which they have become familiar. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1099 

It would seem from these conditions that there is a good opening 
for a proprietary nervine, which druggists may themselves prepare 
and put before their patrons. 

Many formulas for such preparations are given throughout this 
work, but the following are calculated, particularly, to put up as 
proprietary : 

4085. Nervine Tonic. 

Scullcap, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 

Hops, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 

Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 

Valerian, in coarse powder, 8 ounces av. 

Bromide of Ammonium, 4 ounces av. 

Ether (Sulphuric), 4 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Sugar, 2 pounds av. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the powders, and having mixed the Alcohol with 3 pints of 
Water, pour upon them 2 pints of the liquid and macerate for 24 
hours, in a warm place ; then transfer to the water-bath percolator, 
pack firmly, pour upon it the remaining Alcohol and Water, and set 
in a warm place for one day ; then heat very moderately, and after 
one hour begin to percolate, adding Water to the drugs when the 
liquid has disappeared from the surface, and continuing the heat 
and percolation until 7 pints have passed ; to this add the Ether 
and dissolve in the liquid, by agitation, the Bromide of Ammonium 
and Sugar. This is an excellent tonic nervine for general nervous 
depression and irritation, nervous headache, neuralgia, sleeplessness, 
epilepsy, etc. 

The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoohful, as required. 

4086. Nervine Elixir. 

Bromide of Ammonium 1 ' 4 ounce av. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, %. ounce av. 

Fluid Extract of Valerian i fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Hyoscyamus i fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Coca i fl.ounce. 

Syrup, 2 fl.ounces, 

Elixir simple, enough to make . . . . i pint 

Mix the liquids and dissolve the sails in the mixture ; after stand 

ing -• 1 hours filter. This is an excellent nervine and Anodyne 



1100 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

Elixir, for nervousness, pain, neuralgia, hysteria, and all " nervous " 
troubles. 

Dose, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, as required. 

4087. Sedative Nervine Elixir. 

Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 8 grains. 

Valerianate of Ammonium, 256 grains. 

Fluid Extract Valerian, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Hops, ]/?, fl. ounce. 

Water of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 

Syrup, 2 fl. ounces. 

Elixir, simple, enough to make .... 1 pint. 

Dissolve the salts in the Elixir and Syrup, add the Fluid Extracts 
and the Water of Ammonia, let stand a day or two and filter. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

4088. Celery Compound. 

Several preparations of Celery compounded with other Nervines 
have had a good sale as proprietary medicines, under various titles, 
as " Celerina," Celery Cordial, Celery Compound, etc. 

The following formula will make a satisfactory preparation : 

Celery Seed, .1 ounce av. 

Coca Leaves, 1 ounce av. 

Black Haw Bark, 1 ounce av. 

Hyoscyamus Leaves, }4 ounce av. 

Orange Peel, 2 drachms. 

Sugar, 4 ounces. 

Alcohol, 6 ounces. 

Water, q. s., to make 1 pint. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder, mix the Alcohol with 6 ounces 
of Water, pour upon the drugs enough of the diluted Alcohol to 
cover, and macerate for 24 hours ; then heat moderately and perco- 
late, adding Water through the percolator until 14 fl.ounces are 
obtained ; in this dissolve the sugar and filter. The dose is a tea- 
spoonful to a dessertspoonful or more as a nerve tonic. 

4089. Chloral-Bromide Compound. 

" Bromidia." 
Under the title " Bromidia," which is claimed as a trade-mark, 
Battle & Co., Chemists, Corporation of St. Louis, Mo., have pre- 
pared and extensively sold a preparation intended to be used as a 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



1101 



nervine, sedative, and hypnotic. The following formula is based 
upon the qualitative composition of the preparation as published by 
them, but druggists are warned by them not to sell nor dispense 
any preparation other than their own as " Bromidia." 



Chloral, crystallized, 

Bromide of Potassium, 

Extract Cannabis Indica, 

Extract Hyoscyamus 

Water, sufficient to make 

Dissolve the Extracts in 4 ounces of boiling 



4 ounces av. 

4 ounces av. 
16 grains. 
16 grains. 

1 pint. 
Water, rub the solu- 



tion with 1 drachm of Carbonate of Magnesium and filter. Dis- 
solve the Bromide of Potassium in 8 ounces of boiling Water and 
add the Chloral, mix the solutions and add Water enough to make 
1 pint. This may be colored a little with a few grains Extract of 
Liquorice if desired. Uose 15 to 30 drops. 

4090. Bromides Compound. 

A number of preparations of Bromides are sold as proprietary, 
as "Peacock's Bromides," and by other titles. The following 
formula makes a preparation similar to those found in the market. 

Bromide of Potassium, 640 grains. 

Bromide of Sodium, 640 grains. 

Bromide of Ammonium, 3S4 grains. 

. Bromide of Calcium, 192 grains. 

Bromide of Lithium, 64 grains. 

Water 8 fl. ounces. 

Extract of Vanilla, 1 flounce. 

Sugar, 10 ounces av. 

Rub the Bromides to a coarse powder. Mix the Water ami 
Extract of Vanilla and dissolve the Salts in the mixture; filter and 
dissolve the Sugar in the nitrate by agitation. 
Dose 1 to 2 fl. drachms in water. 



4091. Chlorodyne. 

Chloroform 

Fluid Extract < lannabis Endica, 

Spirit of Ether 

Tincture < >pium deodorized, . 
I [ydrocyanic A< id 1 1 '. S. P.), 
( Heoresin of ' lapsii um, . . . 
Dissolve the oleoresin in the Chlorofora 

and mix. 



1 fl. ounce. 

1 fl. ounce. 

1 '.• fl. ounce. 

1 '.• ll. ounce. 

3 ll. drachms. 

3 minims. 

Id the Spiril of Ether, 



1102 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4092. Chlorodyne. 

Chloroform, 4 fl. drachms. 

Sulphuric Ether, 2 fl. drachms. 

Hydrocyanic Acid (U. S. P.), 4 fl. drachms. 

Tincture Capsicum, 4 -fl. drachms. 

Mucilage Acacia, 1 fl. ounce. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 20 grains. 

Oil of Peppermint, 8 minims. 

Treacle (Molasses), 4 fl.ounces. 

Mix the Chloroform with the Mucilage Acacia, add the Oil of 
Peppermint and Syrup and shake them well together. Dissolve 
the Sulphate of Morphine in the Tincture of Capsicum, and add to 
the mixture, and lastly add the Hydrocyanic Acid and mix. This 
is quite similar to the popular English Brown's Chlorodyne. It 
must be shaken before taking. The dose is 10 to 20 minims. 

4093. Chlorodynia. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 15 grains. 

Chloroform, 1 fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Cannabis Indica, 1 fl. ounce. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, U. S. P., 15 minims. 

Peppermint Essence, 15 minims. 

Mix the liquids and dissolve the Morphine Salt in the mixture. 
This is one of the best forms of Chlorodyne, as it makes a clear 
preparation, not required to be shaken when taken. The dose is 
10 to 30 minims. 



OINTMENTS AND SALVES. 

The sales of proprietary salves and ointments are perhaps as fre- 
quent as of almost any class of proprietary medicines ; and, although 
but few sell for more than twenty-five cents, the aggregate of sales 
is large. A great variety of these remedies are on the market ; but, 
with the exception of a very few, the public are not particular as to 
the preparation they have, provided, only, it is good for the pur- 
pose. Druggists can, therefore, put up their own ointments and 
salves from reliable formulas, and if the preparation is good, and the 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1103 

packages attractive, can secure most of the sales of such articles for 
their own preparations. 

Many formulas are given under other headings. The following 
are representatives of other popular ointments. 

4094. Camphor Ice. 

Paraffin, 8 ounces av. 

White Petrolatum, 24 ounces av. 

Camphor, 6 ounces av. 

Oil of Xeroli, 5 minims. 

Oil of Bitter Almond, 20 minims. 

Oil of Cloves, 10 minims. 

Melt the Paraffin and Petrolatum together, reduce the Camphor 
to a coarse powder and dissolve it in the melted mixture, keeping at 
as low a temperature as it can he without solidifying. When all is 
dissolved strain while still fluid, add the perfuming oils and run in 
molds. 

4095. Carbolic Salve or Ointment. 

Carbolic Acid (crystals), 1 ounce av. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 

Melt the Wax and the Petrolatum together, and when cooling add 
the Carbolic Acid, and mix them well together. This is a simple 
Carbolic Ointment or Salve, useful for all purposes. Other medic- 
inal agents an- frequently added, as Canada Balsam, or White Pine 
Turpentine, say one ounce, to make it more stimulating for old 
sores, etc. ; but the plain Carbolic Salve, as above prepared, meets 
the general requirement. This is a very popular preparation, and 
ha- only to be put up attractively to sell. 

4096. Golden Ointment. 

oil of < >riganum a fl.drachms. 

Oil of Sassafras 2 fl.drachms. 

Balsam of Fir % fl.ounce. 

citrine t lintment, \ ounces av. 

Yellow Wax, 1 ounce av. 

Petrolatum 10 ounces av. 

M,lt the solid ingredients together, and when cooling add the 
oils ami Balsam, mixing them well together. 



1104 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4097. Healing Ointment. 

White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Rosemary, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl drachms. 

Yellow Wax, 1 ounce av. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 

Mix the solid ingredients together, and when cooling add the 
Oils. 

4098. Itch Ointment. 

Lac Sulphur, 2 ounces av. 

Naphthalin, 60 grains. 

Oil Bergamot, 20 minims. 

Petrolatum, 6 ounces. 

Rub the Lac Sulphur to a fine powder and sift it into the melted 
Petrolatum, stirring them well together, and when nearly cool add 
the Naphthalin and Oil of Bergamot, stirring them well together 
until cold. The same may be made without Naphthalin, if desired. 

Red Precipitate Ointment is also much employed for the itch and 
other parasitic skin diseases. This is usually made with Red Pre- 
cipitate 1 ounce, Venice Turpentine 1 ounce, Yellow Wax 1 ounce, 
Petrolatum 9 ounces. 

4099. Menthol Ointment. 

Menthol, . . . 1 ounce av. 

Yellow Wax, . . . • 1 ounce av. 

Petrolatum, 6 ounces av. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, and when cooling add the Menthol 
and mix thoroughly. 

4100. Pile Ointment. 

Powdered Nutgalls, 1 ounce av. 

Powdered Opium, 1 drachm. 

Powdered Myrrh, 2 drachms. 

Goulard's Extract, 4 fl.drachms. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum, and while cooling add the other 
ingredients, with constant stirring until cold. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1105 

4101. Salt Rheum Ointment. 

Oil of Sassafras, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Hemlock, 1 fl. drachm. 

Oil of Rosemary, 1 fl. drachm. 

Pine Tar, % ounce av. 

Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 

White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce. 

Solution Subacetate of Lead, . . . . l /> fl. ounce. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces. 

Melt the solid ingredients together and while cooling incorporate 
the Oils, Tar and Solution of Lead, stirring them well together 
until cold. 

4102. Skin Ointment. 

This ointment is designed for any kind of skin eruption or "Ec- 
zema" as it is popularly termed. For parasitic diseases, however, 
the Itch or Tetter Ointment will be more efficacious. 

Tincture of Benzoin, Compound 2 fl. drachms. 

Juniper Tar, .... 1 fl. ounce. 

Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 

Resin, 1 ounce av. 

Oil of Rosemary, 2 fl. drachms. 

Carbolic Acid, 1 drachm. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 

Melt the solid ingredients, and while cooling add the liquids. 

4103. Tetter Ointment. 

Carbonate of Lead, 1 ounce av. 

Alum, in fine powder 1 ounce av. 

Calomel, 1 ounce av. 

White Pine Turpentine, 1 ounce av. 

Salicylic Acid, 2 drachms. 

Petrolatum, . . 12 ounces av. 

Melt the Petrolatum and Turpentine together, and when cooling 

add the other ingredients previously mixed, and stir them together 
constantly until cold. 

4104. Thymol Ointment. 

Thymol, 1 ounce av. 

Yellow Wax, 2 ounces av. 

Petrolatum, 16 ounces av. 

Melt the Wax and Petrolatum together, and when COOling add the 

Thymol, stirring them well together. 



1106 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4105. Veterinary Ointment. 

Citrine Ointment, 2 ounces av. 

Oil Sassafras, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Resin, 1 ounce av. 

Petrolatum, dark, 16 ounces av. 

Melt the Petrolatum and Resin together, and while cooling add 
the Citrine Ointment and Oil of Sassafras. 



PECTORALS. 



Pectorals might very properly be classed under Cough Remedies, 
but as there are a few preparations known more particularly as Pec- 
torals, they are included under this heading. 

4106. Cherry Pectoral. 

Acetate of Morphine, 6 grains. 

Tincture of Sanguinaria, 4 fl. drachms. 

Wine of Ipecac, 6 fl. drachms. 

Wine of Antimony, 6 fl. drachms. 

Fluid Extract of Wild Cherry, 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil Bitter Almond, 5 drops. 

Hydrocyanic Acid, U. S. P., 1 fl. drachm. 

Alcohol, 2 fl. ounces. 

Syrup, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, and after standing a few days filter clear. 
This preparation is quite similar to Ayer's. The dose is 15 drops 
to 1 teaspoonful. 

4107. Pectoral Drops. Bateman's. 

Tincture of Opium, Camphorated, ... 10 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Castor 4 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Opium, 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Cochineal, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Anise, 15 drops. 

Mix them. This is supposed to be the original formula. The 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy give the following formula as a 
substitute : Camphor, Catechu, powdered Opium and Red Saunders 
Wood, each 2 ounces av., Oil of Anise 4 fl.drachms, proof Spirit 4 
gallons. Digest 10 days and filter. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



1107 



4108. Pectoral or Cough Pills. 

Ipecac, in powder, . 100 grains. 

Squill, in powder, ...... ... 50 grains. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 3 grains. 

Tartar Emetic 6 grains. 

Extract Hyoscyamus, 100 grains. 

Make 100 pills. The dose is one or two pills. 

4109. Pectoral Tea or Hamburg Tea. 

Brust- Thee. 

Althaea Root, cut, 4 ounces. 

Liquorice Root, cut, 1 ounce. 

Mullein Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 

Senna Leaves, cut, 1 ounce. 

American Saffron, J4 ounce. 

Malva Flowers, cut, 3 ounces. 

Blue Flowers (Asters or Bachelor Button), . % ounce. 

Fennel Seed, bruised, '2 ounce. 

Anise Seed, bruised, )? ounce. 

Granulated Sugar, ) 2 ounce. 

Mix them thoroughly. This is usually put up in packages of 
about 2 ounces, a tablespooni'ul being steeped in two or three- cups 
of boiling Water, and the infusion drank freely for influenza and 
colds. 



PILLS, PLASTERS AND POWDERS. 



So many formulas for pills have been given under other headings 
that it will be unnei essary to give any more in this department, 
druggists will be able to selei 1 such as they wish from the formulas 
already given. The manufacture of spread plasters is seldom 
attempted exi ept by those who have establishments and machinery 
Lily adapted for the purpose. There is now bul little sale for 
sticking salves and plasters, and sufficient formulas for them will be 
found under the heading "Emplastra." The formulas for powders 
will be found under other headings, the Condition Powders being 

the most important. 



1108 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



RHEUMATIC REMEDIES. 

Proprietary remedies for Rheumatism, which are to be taken, are 
quite salable preparations, and the market is not so overstocked 
with them as with some other remedies. The following formulae 
are representative of the various kinds. 

4110. Rheumatic Remedy. 

Salicylate of Sodium, 4 ounces av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 2 ounces av. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 

Fluid Extract of Black Cohosh, 4 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Colchicum, 4 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 3 fl. drachms. 

Sugar, 1 pound av. 

Water, 5 pints. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Mix the Oil of Wintergreen and the Fluid Extract with the Alco- 
hol. Dissolve the Salts and the Sugar in the Water, mix the solu- 
tion and allow to stand over night, then filter clear. This is an 
excellent remedy, the dose is 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. 

4111. Favorite Rheumatic Remedy. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Fluid Extract of Colchicum, 1 fl. ounce. 

Spirit of Nitre, 3 fl. ounces. 

Syrup Sarsaparilla, compound 1 pint. 

Gin or Whisky, 12 fl. ounces. 

Formulas similar to this are popular, and very good results are 
usually obtained from their use. The dose is a teaspoonful to a 
dessertspoonful. 

4112. Salicylica Rheumatic Remedy. 

Salicylic Acid, 8 ounces av. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 5% ounces av. 

Nitrate of Potassium, 3 ounces av. 

Tincture of Colchicum Seed, 8 fl.ounces. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 2 fl. drachms. 

Syrup, 2 pints. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Mix the Salicylic Acid with 2 pints of Water in a gallon bottle 
and gradually add the Bicarbonate of Sodium in small portions, at 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1109 

intervals of a few moments, giving time for the effervescence to sub- 
side before adding more. When all has been dissolved (which will 
require about 2 hours), add the Alcohol in which the Wimergree n 
Oil has been dissolved, and then the tincture and Syrup, and lastly 
the Nitrate of Potassium and sufficient Water to make a gallon ; 
after standing filter. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 

4113. Salol Rheumatic Remedy. 

Salol, 128 grains. 

Iodide of Potassium, 256 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium, 12S grains. 

Elixir, 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. 
Dose a dessertspoonful. 

4114. Rheumatic Elixir. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Salicylate of Sodium, 1 ounce av. 

Wine of Colchicum Seed 2 ounces av. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. Dose, from a dessertspoonful to a table- 
spoonful. 

4115. Rheumatic Cure. 

Acetate of Potassium, 2^ ounces av. 

Wine of Colchicum, 2 ll ounces. 

Elixir, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix and dissolve. Dose from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

4116. Rheumatic Bitters — Powder. 

Colchicum Root, in fine powder, 4 ounces. 

Black Cohosh Root, in fine powder, ... 4 ounces. 
Prickly-Asb Hark, in tine powder, .... x /i ounce. 

Cinnamon Bark, in fine powder jounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce 

Nitrate of Potassium, in fine powder, . . . 1 ounce. 

Mix thoroughly and put up in packages Or boxes of about i 

ounce. The contents of the package to be .u\i\r<\ to a quarl of gin. 



1110 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



4117. Rheumatic Remedy — Tea. 

Black Cohosh Root, cut fine, 6 ounces. 

Colchicum Root, cut fine, . . 4 ounces. 

Sassafras Bark, cut fine, 2 ounces. 

Prickly-Ash Bark, cut fine, 1 ounce. 

Juniper Berries, crushed, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate of Potassium, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Mix thoroughly and put up in packages of about 2 ounces, which 
is sufficient for a quart of liquid medicine. It may be added to a 
quart of Gin or Diluted Alcohol. 



SARSAPARILLA COMPOUNDS. 

Of all proprietary medicines the Sarsaparilla Compounds have 
the largest sale. They are put up under various names and titles, 
as alteratives, blood purifiers, blood searchers, blood cleansers, 
medical discoveries, resolvents, etc., but are' best known and most 
frequently sold under the name of " Sarsaparilla," although this is 
considered medicinally the least valuable of the drugs composing 
the preparation. In the preceding pages many good formulas for 
Sarsaparilla preparations suitable for putting up will be found under 
other headings. 

The following are also given as representative of preparations of 
this kind found in the market as proprietary medicines. 

41 18. Sarsaparilla Compound. 

With Iodide of Potassium. 
This is one of the best and most common Sarsaparilla prepara- 
tions. 

Sarsaparilla, in No. 30 powder, . 
Stillingia, in No. 40 powder, . . 
Burdock Root, in No. 30 powder, 
Blue Flag Root, in No. 20 powder, 
Mandrake Root, in No. 50 powder, 
Senna Leaves, in No. 20 powder, 
Prickly-Ash Bark, in No. 50 powder 
Iodide of Potassium, 
Sarsaparilla Flavoring, . 
Diluted Alcohol, . . . 

Sugar, 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make 



8 




ounces av. 


8 




ounces av. 


3 




ounces av. 


1 


y* 


ounces av. 


1 


V-2 


ounces av. 


1 


% 


ounces av. 




H 


ounce av. 


1 




ounce av. 


1 




fl. ounce. 


4 




pints. 


5 

1 




pounds av. 
gallon. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1111 

Mix the drugs, moisten them with 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol and 
macerate for 24 hours ; transfer to the water-bath percolator, pack 
moderately, pour upon them 2 pints of Diluted Alcohol and set in a 
warm place for 24 hours ; then heat moderately, and after one hour 
begin to percolate adding Water to the drugs after the liquid has 
ceased to drop and continuing the heat and percolation until five 
pints are obtained. To this add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and 
Iodide of Potassium, and after standing 24 hours filter, adding 
through the filter enough Water to make 5 pints. In this dissolve 
the Sugar and add enough Water to make 1 gallon. A larger 
quantity of Iodide of Potassium may be added if desired. 

4119. Concentrated Extract of Sarsaparilla Compound. 

This formula makes a preparation similar to the stronger Sarsa- 
parilla compounds that are found in the market, like Ayer's and 
other similar preparations. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla, Honduras, . 4 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Yellow Dock, .... 4 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract Stillingia, 3 fl. drachms. 

Fluid Extract Mandrake, 2 fl. drachms. 

Sugar, i>4 ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 100 grains. 

Iodide of Iron, 10 grains. 

Alcohol, 4 fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix, dissolve and filter. The dose is from half t<> a teaspoonful 
The weaker Sarsaparilla compounds may be made from this by 
diluting it with 3 parts by measure of Syrup. 

4120. Sarsaparilla, Stillingia and Red Clover Extract. 

Sarsaparilla, 8 ounces av. 

Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 

Red Clover Tops, 8 ounces av. 

Mezereum I'.ark, 1 ounce av. 

Sassafras Mark i ounce av. 

[odide of Potassium i <>un<v av. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring 1 fl. ounce. 

Diluted Alcohol 6 pints. 

Sugar, 4 pounds. 

Water, sufficienl t<> make a gallon. 
Make as directed in the preceding formula. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



1112 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

Sarsaparilla Resolvent. 

A few proprietary preparations found in the market are known as 
Resolvents. They are mostly compounds of Sarsaparilla with a 
considerable quantity of Iodide of Potassium or Potassa Alkali, 
and are known as Cuticura, Resolvent, Ready Resolvent, etc. 
One sample formula will suffice. 

Sarsaparilla, Honduras, 8 ounces av. 

Stillingia, 8 ounces av. 

Burdock Root, 8 ounces av. 

Sassafras Bark, 2 ounces av. 

Blue Flag Root, . .- 2 ounces av. 

Prickly-Ash Bark, ^ ounce av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring, ^ ounce av. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Sugar, 3 pounds av. 

Water, sufficient to make a gallon. 
Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate by water-bath 
percolation, first with the diluted alcohol, then with enough Water 
to make 6^ pints of the percolate, add the flavoring, and the salts, 
and the sugar, and after standing filter. The dose is a dessert- 
spoonful. 

4221. Medical Discovery. 

Under this title several Alterative and Sarsaparilla compounds 
have been extensively sold as blood purifiers, etc. The following 
will suffice for all. 

Sarsaparilla, Mexican, 8 ounces. 

Yellow Dock Root, S ounces. 

Blue Flag Root, 4 ounces. 

Yellow Parilla, 2 ounces. 

Leptandra Root, 1 ounce. 

Sarsaparilla Flavoring, }4 ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 2 ounces. 

Sugar, 4 pounds. 

Diluted Alcohol, 6 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and percolate by water-bath 
percolation, first with the Diluted Alcohol and then with Water 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1113 

until 6 pints are obtained, then add the Sarsaparilla Flavoring and 
Iodide of Potassium and filter, afterwards dissolving the Sugar in 
the filtrate, and making up the measure with Water to i gallon. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

Iodide of Mercury y 2 ounce may be used instead of Iodide of 
Potassium. 



SOOTHING AND TEETHING SYRUPS. 

The sale for proprietary Soothing Syrups and like preparations is 
quite extensive, and there are but comparatively few makes on the 
market. The following formulae make preparations similar to those 
in use and others quite different from any to be found. 

4122. Baby-Soother, or Soothing Syrup. 

Tincture of Hyoscyamus, 8 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Senna, 2 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Anise, 3 fl. drachms. 

Chloroform, 30 minims. 

Alcohol, 10 fl. ounces. 

Water, 4 pints. 

Sugar, . 6 pounds av. 

Dissolve the Oil of Anise and Chloroform in the Alcohol, and 
mix with the tincture and fluid extract add the Water, fdter clear 
and dissolve the Sugar in the filtrate by agitation. This is a quiet- 
ing, slightly laxative Syrup and contains nothing injurious to chil- 
dren. It may be further improved by adding to it 1 pint of Syrup. 
Lacto-phosphate of Lime, which supplies to the blood the required 
nutrition during the critical period <>( dentition. 
From %. to a teaspoonful may be given at a tins, 

4123. Soothing Syrup. 

Rochelle Salts iy'i ounces. 

Sulphate of Morphine 6 grains. 

Extract Jamaica (linger, >2 OUni «■. 

Essence Of Anise (1 part Oil Of Anise to 1 6 

parts Alcohol), 1 ounce. 

Sugar, 13 ounces. 

Water, * ounces. 

Carbonate Magnesium, i drachm. 

Mix the Extracl Ginger and Essence Anise, and rub them with 

the Carbonate Magnesium, in a mortar, to a smooth paste ; add the 



1114 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 



Water a little at a time, and rub thoroughly ; filter, and dissolve the 
Morphine first, and then the Rochelle Salts in the filtrate ; when 
dissolved filter, if necessary, and dissolve the Sugar in the liquid by 
agitation. 

Dose, % to i teaspoonful. 

4124. Quieting Syrup. 

Lactucarium, 256 grains. 

Extract Ginger, y 2 ounce. 

Essence Anise, 1 ounce. 

Sugar, 13 ounces. 

Hot Water, 8 ounces. 

Rochelle Salts, i J /i ounces. 

Rub the Lactucarium with the Hot Water in a mortar, and add 
the Rochelle Salts, 'allow to macerate with occasional agitation for 
twenty-four hours, then add the Ginger and Anise to the Sugar, and 
shake thoroughly together, and dissolve in the liquid by agitation. 
When dissolved, strain. 

Dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 



4125. Rhubarb Soothing Syrup. 

Rhubarb, 8 ounces. 

Anise Seed, .3 ounces. 

Jamaica Ginger, 2 ounces. 

Poppy Leaves, 4 ounces. 

Bicarbonate Potassium, 2 ounces. 

Water, q. s., to make 4^ pints. 

Sugar (avoirdupois weight), 7 pounds. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder. Dissolve the Bicarbonate 
Potassium in the Water and moisten the drugs with it ; pack in a 
percolator, and pour the Water upon the drugs ; macerate for two 
days, and begin the percolation ; percolate until 4)^ pints are ob- 
tained, adding enough Water through the percolator to make that 
quantity. Dissolve the Sugar in the percolate by agitation or gentle 
heat, and strain. 

Dose, %. to 1 teaspoonful. 

This is a harmless Soothing Syrup, well suited to neutralize the 
acid stomach and to correct the bowel difficulties incident to 
teething. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1115 



4126. Nutritive Soothing- Syrup. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 6 grains. 

Syrup of Lacto-phosphates, compound,. . . 15 ounces. 
Water, 1 ounce. 

Dissolve the Morphine in the Water, and add to the Syrup. 

Dose, Yi to 1 teaspoonful. 

This is an excellent compound for teething babies. 

4127. Malt Soothing Syrup. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 6 grains. 

Water, 1 ounce. 

Compound Svrup of Hvpophosphites, I , . - 

1 1 .111 > 1 each, - 1 2 ounces. 

Liquid Extract Malt, ) 

Dissolve the Morphine in the Water and mix with the Extract of 
Malt, then mix the Syrup Hvpophosphites 

Dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 

The same remarks apply to this as to No. 4, the addition of 
Malt being of much service. 



SALTS. 

A few preparations in the form of Salts have a good sale as pro- 
prietary medicines. The following are representative of those 

found in the market, others will be found under other headings. 

4128. Seltzer Aperient. 

Sulphate of Magnesium dried 2 ounces. 

Rochelle Salt, dry 2 ounces. 

Tartaric Acid, dry 6 ounces. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium 6}4 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly and put Up in dry bottles. 

It is necessary thai the Sulphate of Magnesium (Epsom Salts) 
should 1).- thoroughly dried by heating on a sand bath in a porce- 
lain vessel for a considerable time until it has lost its Water of 

crystallization. 

The dose is a teaspoonful or two in part of a glass of Water. 



1116 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4129. Fruit or Grape Salt. 

Several preparations under various titles as Fruit Salt, Grape 
Salts, Fruit Saline, Sal Muscatel, etc., are put up as laxatives and 
restoratives. The following formula will suffice for all : 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 6 ounces. 

Tartaric Acid, 2 ounces. 

Cream of Tartar, 10 ounces. 

Rochelle Salt, 4 ounces. 

Sugar, 1 ounce. 

Oil Lemon, 30 minims. 

Oil Orange, 20 minims. 

Oil Limes, 20 minims. 

Mix the Oils with a small portion of the Rochelle Salt, and then 
with the remainder, and incorporate this thoroughly, first with the 
Cream of Tartar and then with the Bicarbonate of Sodium and put 
up in dry bottles. 

4130. Crab-Orchard Salts. 

Sulphate of Magnesium, 2 ounces. 

Sulphate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 

Cream of Tartar, 2 ounces. 

Tartaric Acid, 2 ounces. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 2 ounces. 

Sugar, 4 ounces. 

Dry the salts and mix them well together and put up in dry 
bottles. 

4131. Carlsbad Salts, Artificial. 

Chloride of Sodium, 1 ounce. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, 3 ounces. 

Sulphate of Sodium, dried, 10 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly and put up in dry bottles. 

The Sulphate of Sodium must be dried by heating on a sand- 
bath until its Water of crystallization has evaporated and it is 
reduced to a dry powder. 

This may also be prepared by dissolving the salts altogether in 
water and evaporaring to a granular salt. 

This is given as a laxative in doses of a teaspoonful in part of a 
glass of Water. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1117 

SPECIFICS. 

A few proprietary medicines are know as Specifics. The name is 
applied to medicines of various kinds, for asthma, catarrh, dyspepsia, 
gout, rheumatism, malaria, etc., but is more particularly understood 
to apply to remedies for Syphilis, and these only will be considered 
under this heading, as they are not given elsewhere except generally 
under alteratives, sarsaparillas, etc. 

4132. S. S. Specific. 

Fluid Extract of Stillingia 8 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Blue Flag, 2 fl. ounces. 

Fluid Extract of Prickly-Ash, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Iodide of Calcium Y<i ounce av. 

Diluted Alcohol, sufficient to make . . . 1 pint. 
Dissolve the Iodides in the Diluted Alcohol and mix the solution 
with the fluid extracts. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful. 

4133. Rex Magnus Specific. 

Iodide of Calcium, 1 ounce av. 

Iodide of Potassium, 1 ounce av. 

Tincture of Iodine, 1 il. ounce. 

Essence of Wintergreen, 1 fl. drachm. 

Alcohol, 4 fl.ounces. 

Syrup, 4 fl ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint, 

Mix and dissolve. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoon- 
ful, which should be taken alternately with the following : 

Fluid Extract Stillingia 6 ounces. 

Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla, Honduras \ ounces. 

Fluid Extract Yellow Dock, (.ounces. 

Fluid Extract Prickly Ash, 1 ounce. 

Fluid Extra< I Blue Flag i ounce. 

Fluid Extract Mandrake I drachm- 

Mix them. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful, to be- 
taken alternately with the foregoing. 

The latter part of this preparation is entirely unlike the proprie- 
tary " Rc\ Magnus," but is believed to be much better as an alter- 
ative in connection with the solution of Iodides, «t< . 



1118 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

TONICS. 

A great many tonic preparations for various uses are included 
under other headings in the preceding pages, therefore only a few 
which are more particularly known in the market as tonics will be 
mentioned here. 

4134. Beef and Coca Tonic. 

Elixir Beef and Coca. 

Liebig's Extract of Meat, y^ ounce av. 

Fluid Extract of Coca, 1 fl. ounce. 

Elixir, 15 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Meat Extract with the Elixir, add the Fluid Extract, and 
after standing filter. 

To make Beef, Coca and Iron Tonic or Elixir, add to the forego- 
ing ]/z ounce Solution Phosphate of Iron. If Quinine is desired in 
the preparation 32 grains may be dissolved in a pint of either the 
Beef and Coca, or the Beef, Coca and Iron. 

The dose of these preparations is a teaspoonful to a table- 
spoonful. 

4135. German Tonic. 

Tincture of Cinchona, 2 fl. ounces. 

Tincture of Gentian Compound, . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Capsicum, 1 fl. drachm. 

Fluid Extract of Golden Seal, 2 fl. drachms. 

Sugar, 4 ounces av. 

Brandy, 6 fl.ounces. 

Cinnamon Water, 5 fl.ounces. 

Mix. Dissolve the Sugar in the mixture and after standing filter. 
This is a general tonic ; the formula may be varied as desired. 
Dose, a dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful. 

4136. Ginger Tonic. 

Jamaica Ginger, in powder, 2 ounces av. 

Gentian, in coarse powder, % ounce av. 

Cinnamon, in coarse powder, 1 drachm. 

Bitter Orange Peel, in coarse powder, . . % ounce. 
Golden Seal, in coarse powder, .... % ounce. 
Carbonate of Magnesium, % ounce. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1119 

Sugar 2 ounces. 

Alcohol, 6 fl. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. 

Water, sufficient to make i pint. 

Macerate the powdered drugs first with the Alcohol in a wide 
mouth bottle for 5 days, then add 6 fl. ounces of Water, and let- 
stand 5 days more with daily agitation, then pour off the fluid por- 
tion and percolate the drugs with sufficient diluted Alcohol to make 
when added to the poured-off liquid 16 fl. ounces, rub this with the 
Carbonate of Magnesium in a mortar, filter and dissolve the Sugar 
in the filtrate. 

This may also be made by mixing Soluble Extract of Ginger 
(943) 4 fl. ounces with Tincture Gentian Compound 2 fl. ounces, 
Aqueous Fluid Extract Golden Seal 2 fl.drachms, Sugar 2 ounces, 
Alcohol, Water, each 5 fl. ounces. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 

4137. Iron Tonic. 

A great variety of Iron Tonics will be found among the elixirs, 
bitters, wines, etc., but the following general formula is submitted. 

Sulphate of Quinine, 40 grains. 

Sulphate of Cinchonidine, 80 grains. 

Sulphate of Strychnine, 4 grains. 

Fluid Hydrastis (1576), 4 fl.ounces. 

Tincture of Gentian, compound, .... S tl. ounces. 

Tincture of Iron, tasteless (1923), .... 4 fl.ounces. 

Soluble Elixir Flavoring (510), 4 fl.ounces. 

Sugar, 2 pounds. 

Alcohol, 2 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Dissolve the Salts in the Alcohol, mix the other ingredients with 
4 pints of Water, and when the Sugar is dissolved mix the two solu- 
tions, and after standing tiller. This may be colored brown, or 
reddish brown, with caramel and red coloring, it desired. The 
dose is a dessertspoonful or more. 

Any of the Iron Bitters Ot bitter Wines of Iron or Elixirs of bark 
and Iron may be put Up under this title. The proprietors of 

Brawn's Iron Bitten have endeavored to Intimidate the retail drug- 
gists by claiming a proprietary right to the title Iron bitters, or Iron 

Tonic, and that no other preparations by similar names could be 

sold ; but this 1 laim i annot, ol i ourse, be maintained, and any drug* 

gist may put up an Iron bitters or Iron Tonic 



1120 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

TOOTH-ACHE REMEDIES. 

Perhaps there is nothing in the line of remedies for which there is 
a more general call than tooth-ache cures or remedies, and it is cer- 
tainly convenient and profitable to have something put up ready for 
this trade. As special proprietary preparations of this kind are 
seldom designated, it is obvious that the druggist may supply any 
good remedy for the purpose. 

The following formulas will give satisfaction. These same reme- 
dies may also be used for ear-ache, neuralgia, etc. 

4138. Camphor-Chloral Tooth-ache Cure. 

Camphor, 1 ounce av. 

Chloral Hydrate, 1 ounce av. 

Chloroform, 1 fi. ounce. 

Ether (Sulphuric), 1 fl. ounce. 

Tincture of Opium, x / 2 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Thyme (Origanum pure), .... ]/n, fl.ounce. 

Oil of Sassafras, ^2 fl.ounce. 

Alcohol, 16 fl. ounces. 

Mix and dissolve, saturate a little cotton and insert it in the 
cavity, also rub on the gums. 

4139. Carbolic Tooth-ache Cure. 

Carbolic Acid, ... 5 ounces av. 

Camphor, 8 ounces av. 

Oil of Sassafras, y 2 fl.ounce. 

Oil of Cloves, y<z fl.ounce. 

Chloroform, . . . 1 fl.ounce. 

Mix and dissolve, moisten cotton and put in the cavity of the 
tooth, and rub around the gums if necessary. 

This is an efficient and prompt tooth-ache remedy. 

4140. Clove Anodyne, Tooth-ache Cure. 

Oil of Cloves, 2 flounces. 

Carbolic Acid, x / 2 ounce av. 

Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl.drachms. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 

Alcohol, 13 fl. ounces. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1P21 

4141. Cajuput Tooth-ache Remedy. 

Sulphate of Morphine, 30 grains. 

Camphor, 1 ounce av. 

Chloroform, . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl. drachms. 

Oil of Cajuput, 4 fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 10 fl.oum 

4142. Lightning Tooth-ache Remedy. 

Essential Oil of Mustard, 1 flounce. 

Chloroform, .... ^ fl.oi 

Oil of Sassafras, 1 fl.ounce. 

Alcohol, 1: fl ounces. 

4143. Cocaine Tooth-ache Cure. 

Cocaine Hydrochlorate, 60 grains. 

Oil of Wintergreen, . . ... .2 fl.drachras. 

Oil of Peppermint, 2 fl.drac'hms. 

Alcohol, 15 fl. ounces. 

4144. Menthol Tooth-ache Remedy. 

Menthol, 1 ounce av. 

Chloroform, t fl ounce. 

Alcohol, . . 14 fl.ounces. 

4145. Thymol Tooth-ache Remedy. 

Thymol, 1 ounce av. 

Chloroform, 1 fl.ounce 

Alcohol, 14 fl.ounces. 

4146. Aseptol Tooth-ache Remedy. 

itol 1 ounce av. 

( Ihloroform, . 1 fl.ounce. 

ihol 14 fl oun< es. 

4147. Salicylic Tooth-ache Cure. 

Collodion 1 pint. 

Salicylic Acid 2 ou 

Dissolve the Salicylii \ ■ i < 1 in the Collodion. This forms a plug 
in the 1 avity of the tooth, thus covering the exposed nerve. 



1122 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

WORM MEDICINES. 

Worm medicines that are popular in the market are chiefly in the 
form of syrups or cordials, and confections or lozenges. Worm 
powders and pills are, however, frequently used, and " Worm Tea " 
is not an unpopular form of medication. 

The following formulae are representative of various forms of 
Worm medicines which have a popular sale. 

4148. Worm Killer. 

Santonin in fine powder }( ounce av. 

Fluid Extract of Pink Root, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract of Senna, 1 fl ounce. 

Essence of Peppermint, 20 minims. 

Simple Syrup, sufficient to make a pint. 
Mix them well together. 

It is not intended that the Santonin shall be dissolved in this 
preparation, but it must be " shaken before taken." Santonin 
should never be dissolved when used as a worm medicine, for the 
reason that in solution it acts as a poison to the patient instead of 
the worms, because it is much more rapidly absorbed than when 
given in powder, and, as the medicine is designed to act on the con- 
tents of the stomach or bowels instead of through the blood, it is 
obvious that it should not be in solution. 

4149. Tonic Vermifuge. 

Male Fern Root, in coarse powder, ... 4 ounces. 

Anise Seed, ) , . , 

' \ each, in coarse powder, . . 1 ounce. 

Pink Root, \ 

Cape Aloes, 120 grains. 

Carbonate Potassium ( Sal Tartar ), ... 80 grains. 

Culver's Root, % ounce. 

Glycerin, 6 ounces. 

Alcohol, 6 ounces. 

Water, 6 ounces. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and moisten with 3 ounces 
each of the Alcohol and Glycerin, pack in a percolator and pour 
upon them the remaining liquids in which the Aloes and Carb. 
Potassium have previously been dissolved, allow to stand forty-eight 
hours and percolate, adding enough Water through the percolator 
to make 1 pint of the percolate. 

Dose, teaspoonful to dessertspoonful. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 11:23 

4150. Standard Worm Syrup. 

Pink Root, 16 ounces. 

Male Fern Root, S ounces. 

Senna Leaves, S ounces. 

Worm Seed, 16 ounces. 

Essence Anise, 2 ounces 

Carbonate of Potassium, | . T/ 

„ ' V each \i ounce. 

Santonin, ) 

Sugar, 7 ounces 

Water, a sufficient quantity to make a gallon. 

Grind the drugs to a coarse powder and steep them for six. hours 
in nearly boiling water enough to cover them well, then pour off 
the liquid and reserve ; put fresh water on the drugs and steep two 
hours, pour off this liquid and mix with that before reserved, press- 
ing out all that is possible from the drugs. 

Then evaporate the liquid to 5 pints, and while evaporating add 
the Carb. Potassium and Santonin ; add, while cooling, the Essence 
Anise and Sugar, dissolve by agitation and strain. 

Dose, teaspoonful to dessertspoonful. 

This is a good general Worm Syrup requiring no laxative after 
using it. It may be made from the Fluid Extracts instead of the 
drugs, if preferred. 

4151. Worm Syrup. 

Fluid Extract of Pink and Senna, .... 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Anise, 10 drops. 

Syrup, sufficient to make a pint. 
Mix. 

This is a simple " Pink or Senna" worm syrup, harmless and effi- 
cient ; many other medicines may be combined with this, but we do 
not know that it can be much improved except by adding Santonine 
as in No. -i 1 ; . 

4152. Vermifuge. 

This vile compound — the terror of childhood — has, thanks to 
the advance of pharmacy, nearly gone out of use. 
The following formulas will be sufficient. 

( )il of Wbrmseed i flounce. 

( )il of Peppermint, i fl.drachm. 

< >il of Turpentine, i fl.drachm. 

( lastor ( >il, 6 fl.oui 

M ix well together. 



1124 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES 

4153. Vermifuge. 

Oil of Wormseed, .... . . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Fluid Extract Pink and Senna, . . . 1 fl. ounce. 

Glycerine, ... 5 fl. ounces. 

Essence of Peppermint, y 2 fl. ounce. 

Mix well together, shake before taking. The usual dose of 
vermifuge is from one-half to a teaspoonful. 

4154. Worm Lozenges. 

This is by far the most popular form of administering worm 
medicines, for children will readily take them. The making of 
worm lozenges is mostly done by manufacturing houses who have 
apparatus suitable for such work. Santonin is the chief medicinal 
ingredient ; it is sometimes combined with calomel or other laxative 
remedies. The following formulas make good worm lozenges, com- 
fits or tablets. They can be made in the same way as other 
lozenges : 

Santonin in fine powder, ....... 50 grains. 

Powdered Tragacanth, ..,.,. 150 grains. 

Chocolate, .... 300 grains. 

Powdered Sugar, . . ....... 700 grains. 

Rub the Chocolate with a little Water to a stiff paste. Mix the 
Santonin, Tragacanth and Sugar intimately, and with the addition 
of Water incorporate them with the Chocolate paste and cut into 
100 lozenges. 

4155. Worm Lozenges or Tablets. 

Santonin, in fine powder, 50 grains. 

Calomel, 5 grains. 

Carmine, 10 grains. 

Powdered Tragacanth, 150 grains. 

Powdered Sugar, 1,000 grains. 

Mix the Carmine intimately with a portion of the Sugar, add the 
Santonin and Calomel, then the Tragacanth, and having mixed 
them thoroughly together make into a mass with Water and cut into 
100 lozenges. 

Other combinations may be made in the same manner. 
As each lozenge contains }4 grain of Santonin, the usual dose 
for children would be one or two before meals. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1125 

4156. Worm Tea-Powder. 

This was formerly a very popular form of medicine for worms, 
but has now been superseded by more convenient preparations. 

Wormseed, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Pink Root, in powder 6 ounces. 

Senna, in powder, 6 ounces. 

Liquorice Root, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Mix them thoroughly. The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
spoonful in half a cup of hot water, sweetened, before meals. 

4157. Vermifuge Tea. 

Pink Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces. 

Pomegranate Bark, cut, 4 ounces. 

Senna Leaves, cut, 4 ounces. 

Wormseed, 2 ounces. 

Anise Seed, ground, 2 ounces. 

Mix thoroughly and put up in packages, of about two ounces. 
Directions for preparing : Steep the contents of the package in a 
pint and a half of Water with gentle heat for two hours, then strain 
off one pint, add to it half a pound of sugar and % pint alcohol. 

Directions for taking : For children two to three years old a tea- 
spoonful before meals, three times a day ; three to five years old, 
two teaspoonfuls ; five to ten years old, a tablespoonful ; ten years 
and older, a wine-glassful (two tablespoonfuls) before meals. 

4158. Tape Worm Remedy. 

Pomegranate Dark, ground, 3 ounces av. 

Mali- Fern, ground i ounce av. 

Senna Leaves, -round 1 ounce av. 

Kanieela 2 drachms. 

Mix them well together. 

( )ne-lialf of this quantity is to be Steeped in a pint of water and 
the infusion to he taken in doses of four ounces twenty minutes 

apart. If not successful in getting the head of the tape worm, the 
remainder can he prepared and taken in the same manner a week 
later. 

Fluid Extracts of the ingredients as above may be mixed in the 

same proportion and given in the same manner, but arc not consid- 
ered SO eiiic iciii as the infusion. 



1126 STANDARD ^PROPRIETARY REft 



UNCLASSIFIED PROPRIETARY REMH.DIES. 

The following preparations were not included in the classes which 
have been already given. Many more might be included, but the 
line is already quite extended and is probably sufficient for the 
uses of the trade. 

4159. Phosphorized Cod Liver Oil. 

Phosphorol. 

Phosphorus 1 grain. 

Cod Liver Oil, 24 fl. ounces. 

Shave the Phosphorus fine and having mixed it with 4 fl. ounces 
of the Oil, stop tightly in a bottle and heat by water-bath until the 
Phosphorus is melted, shake well until the Phosphorus is all dis- 
solved, then add the remainder of the Oil and mix them well to- 
gether. 

A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains ycto" g ram Phosphorus. 

4160. Iodized Cod Liver Oil. 

Iodine, 16 grains. 

Cod Liver Oil 16 fl. ounces. 

Add the Iodine to the Cod Liver Oil contained in a closely 
stopped bottle, and heat by means of a water-bath until the Iodine 
is dissolved. 

A dessertspoonful, the usual dose, contains % grain Iodine. 

4161. Iodo-ferrated Cod Liver Oil. 

Tasteless Iodide of Iron, 64 grains. 

Cod Liver Oil, 16 fl. ounces. 

Rub the Tasteless Iodide of Iron to a fine powder and then with 
the Cod Liver Oil gradually added, until the salt is dissolved as 
much as it will, then allow to settle and decant the clear portion. 

The dose is a dessertspoonful. 

4162. Hamburger Drops. 

Socotrine Aloes, in powder, 2 ounces. 

Myrrh, in powder, % ounce. 

Cinnamon Bark, in powder, y% ounce. 

Cloves, in powder 1 drachm. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1127 

Opium, in powder, i drachm. 

Saffron, American, 2 drachms. 

Alcohol, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the drugs and macerate first with 12 fl. ounces of Alcohol for 
one week with frequent agitation and pour off the clear liquid and 
reserve, then pour on the drugs, 6 flounces more of Alcohol, mace- 
rate as before and add the product to the reserved liquid. 
The dose is 10 to 30 drops or more. 

4163. Holloway's Pills. 

As these are much called for, the formula is given. 

Aloes, ^00 parts. 

Rhubarb, 40 parts. 

Black Pepper, 18 parts. 

Saffron 10 parts. 

Sulphate of Sodium, dried, 10 parts. 

To be divided into 3)2 grain pills. 

4164. Hunn's Life Drops. 

Oil of Cajuput 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Anise 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Cloves, 1 fl. ounce. 

Oil of Peppermint, 1 ll. ounce. 

Alcohol, 4 bounces. 

Dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol. This is used as a quick stimu- 
lant for colic, pain, etc. The dose is 10 to 20 drops on sugar. 

4165. Liquid Rennet. 

1 inner lining membrane of one calf's stomach, dis- 
ted off and i hopped. 

Hydrochloric Acid, 6 fl drachms. 

Glyi erin 6 fl.oum 

Water, - iffii ient to make i pint. 

Mai .rate for two weeks and strain or filter. 

This is used for dyspeps'a and also in cooking to make curd, with 

milk. 

Pepsin prepared from calf's stomach ma) be used instead of the 
fresh stomachs, but pepsin prepared from pig's, or other, stomachs 
will not make a curd with milk. 

The dose is a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful. 



1 128 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4166. Listerine. 

This is a proprietary medicine used as an antiseptic solution, and 
claimed to contain the essential antiseptic properties of thyme, 
eucalyptus, baptisia and mentha arvensis, combined with benzoic 
and boric acids. 

The following formula will make a good preparation of this kind, 
but is not claimed to be the exact formulae of the original. 

Boric Acid 128 grains. 

Benzoic Acid, 64 grains. 

Baptisin, 20 grains. 

Thymol, 20 grains. 

Eucalyptol, 10 grains. 

Menthol, ...'.... 10 grains. 

Oil of Wintergreen, 5 minims. 

Glycerin, 1 fl. ounce, 

Alcohol, 2 flounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Mix the Boric Acid with the Glycerin and Water, add the other 
ingredients to the Alcohol, and after standing 24 hours, add the 
aqueous solution to the alcoholic, and after standing filter. 

4167. Papine. 

This is a proprietary preparation of Opium claiming to represent 
1 grain of Opium in a fl. drachm. Such a preparation may be 
made as follows : 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium (1870), . . 3^ fl. ounces. 

Elixir, 13 fl.ounces. 

Mix them. Dose a tablespoonful. 

4168. Soda Mint. 

Bicarbonate of Sodium, . 1 ounce av. 

Peppermint Water, 1 pint. 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, 1 fl. drachm. 

Mix, dissolve and filter. 

This may be sweetened with 2 ounces of Sugar if desired, but for 
medicinal effect is usually preferred plain. 

This is given in doses of a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, for 
acid stomach, dyspepsia, etc. 



STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 1129 

4169. Chlorides Solution. 

A. solution of Chlorides for disinfecting, bleaching, deodorizing, 
etc., may be prepared and put up as proprietary. 

Formulas have been already given for such preparations under 
other headings. The following is, however, given : 

Chloride of Ammonium, % ounce. 

Chloride of Calcium, J4 ounce. 

Chlorinated Lime, 2 ounces. 

Carbonate of Sodium, 2)4 ounces. 

Water, sufficient to make 2 pints. 

Dissolve the Chlorides and Chlorinated Lime in 1 pint of Water 
and the Carbonate of Sodium in a pint of boiling Water, and pour 
upon the solution of Chlorides, etc. in a close vessel, stir the con- 
tents, cover tightly, allow to settle and decant the clear liquid. 

4170. Colorless Solution Hydrastine. 

Hydrastine, White Alkaloid 20 grains. 

Glycerin, 2 ounces. 

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, q. s. to dissolve, 

Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. 

Rub the Hydrastine with a portion of the Water and add the 
Acid drop by drop until it is dissolved, then add the Glycerin and 
the remainder of the Water. 

4171. Stoke's Liniment. 

Oil of Turpentine, 3 fl. ounces. 

Oil of Lemon 60 minims. 

A. etic A<id, .... y 2 fl. ounce. 

Yolk of Egg ... No. 1. 

Rose Water 3 fl.oun* es 

Shake the Oils with the Yolk of Egg and Aeid in a bottle until 
they are well mixed. 

4172. Concentrated Tincture Avena Sativa or Oats. 

Common Black Oats, .... [6^ ounces av. 

Alcohol, a sufficient quantity to make . i pint. 
Make a fluid extracl or concentrated tincture in the sam< 
ner as is directed ( L069). 



1130 STANDARD PROPRIETARY REMEDIES. 

4173. Tongaline or Tonga. 

This is a proprietary remedy for neuralgia, etc., and is prepared 
from Tonga, a mixture of barks obtained from Fiji Islands. It may 
be made from 

Fluid Extract Tonga, 4 ti. ounces. 

Diluted Alcohol, 1 pint. 

or by percolating 4 ounces of Tonga with Diluted Alcohol until 20 
fl. ounces are obtained. 

4174. Viburnum Compound. 

Black Haw Bark, 12 ounces av. 

High Cranberry Bark, 8 ounces av. 

Blue Cohosh, 3 ounces av. 

Life Root Plant, 3 ounces av. 

Sugar, 4 ounces av. 

Alcohol, 3 pints. 

Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon. 

Make a tincture of the drugs by percolating first with the Alcohol 
mixed with an equal quantity of Water, and then with Water until 
one gallon is obtained. In this dissolve the Sugar and filter. 
The dose is a dessertspoonful. 



PART V. 
TOILET PREPARATIONS 

AND PERFUMES. 



The formulae for preparations which are used for the Toilet and 
Perfumes would of themselves fill a large volume. In this work, 
therefore, a few only of those most important and most likely to be 
used by druggists and pharmacists can be given, and our readers 
are referred to the more elaborate works on this subject for further 
information if desired. 

BANDOLINE. 

Bandoline is intended to be used as a fixer for the hair and for 
other similar uses. Several different kinds may be made, as shown 
in the following formulas. 

4175. Rose Bandoline.— Best Flake Tragacanth 1 ounce av., Rose 
Water 13 fl. ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 fl.ounces. Mix the Rose Water and 
Cologne Spirit and macerate the Tragacanth in the mixture for several days, 
stirring frequently, then squeeze through a coarse muslin strainer, let stand 
two or three days and again squeeze through muslin. 

This makes a white translucent preparation ; if desired it may be colored 
pink or red with solution of carmine. 

4176. Quince Bandoline.— Ouince seed coarsely powdered or bruised yi 
ounce, Orange Flower Water 1 3 fl.ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 fl.ounces. Make 
in the same manner as the preceding. In either of these formulas, Distilled 
Water may be used instead of Rose or Orange Flower Water and 1 ounce 
of any kind of bulk perfume added in place of 1 ounce of the Cologne Spirit 
directed. By using hot Water the operation may be greatly hastened. 

4177. Bandoline Powder.— The best Bandoline Powder is prepared 
from Quince Seeds, although it is not so light colored, and does not yield so 
much liquid as that prepared from Tragacanth. 

The following formulas may be used : Ouince seed, in fine powder, 4 ounces, 
Bulk Perfume (Upper Ten or other) 2 fl. drachms. Mix them well together. 

1181 



1132 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

This is put up in packages of about i drachm, which will make 3 or 4 ounces 
of Bandoline when added to Water. 

Tragacanth, in fine powder, 4 ounces, Acacia, in fine powder, I ounce, Bulk 
Perfumes 2 fl. drachms. Mix and use as the foregoing. 

Powdered perfumed soap also makes a good Bandoline Powder, a few 
grains only should be mixed with a few drops of Water when wanted for use. 



COSMETICS FOR THE COMPLEXION. 

In a general sense the term Cosmetic may be applied to prepara- 
tions which are used to soften, cleanse, purify or beautify the com- 
plexion, hair, teeth, etc., but in this connection, the preparations 
only which are applied to " beautifying " the complexion will be 
noted. The preparations containing insoluble substances are best 
made by grinding them through a paint mill, but very good prep- 
arations may be made by rubbing them fine in a mortar as directed 
in the formulae. 

Liquid Cosmetics. 

These are mostly preparations containing some insoluble ingredi- 
ents which are intended to beautify the complexion, making the 
skin white or of a flesh tint, and covering tan, freckles, etc. 

4178. Oriental Cream. — Calomel 2 ounces av., Sub-Nitrate of Bismuth 
1 ounce av., Carbonate of Barium, or Oxide of Zinc, 1 ounce av., Water a suf- 
ficient quantity. Rub the powders in a mortar with successive portions of 
Water, allowing the precipitate to settle, and pouring off the Water several 
times to wash out the impurities and make a smooth preparation ; finally, 
pour the precipitate into a pint bottle and add enough distilled or filtered rain 
water to make a pint. This preparation is similar and equal to the celebrated 
" Oriental Cream." It is only necessary that good material should be used 
in making it. It may also be made with four ounces of Calomel in 1 pint of 
water, in the same manner. 

4179. Liquid Enamel or Pearl. — Oxide of Zinc, French, 2 ounces av., 
Prepared Chalk 2 ounces av., Calomel 1 ounce av., Essence Rose or Almonds 
1 fl.ounce, Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, Water, a sufficient quantity. Rub the pow- 
ders with successive portions of Water to wash out any impurities and reduce 
them to a smooth and uniform precipitate, and finally pour the precipitate 
in a pint bottle, add the Essence of Rose or Almond and enough distilled or 
filtered rain Water to make a pint. 

4180. Cream of Roses.— Carbonate of Barium 2 ounces av., Prepared 
Chalk 2 ounces av., Carmine, No. 40, 10 grains, Carbonate of Potassium 5 
grains, Glycerin 1 fl.ounce, Rose Water, sufficient to make a pint. Rub the 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1133 

Carmine and Carbonate of Potassium together and add Rose Water gradu- 
ally until it is dissolved. Mix the Carbonate of Barium and Chalk, and 
having washed them by rubbing with successive portions of Water, put the 
precipitate in a pint bottle, add the Glycerin, the dissolved Carmine and 
enough Rose Water to make a pint. 

4181. Cream of Lilies, or Bloom of Youth. — Heavy Magnesia {Magnesia 
Ponderosa) 1 % ounces aw, Oxide of Zinc 2 ounces av., Glycerin 1 flounce, 
Water, sufficient to make a pint. Rub the Magnesia and the Zinc with suc- 
cessive portions of water to wash them, transfer the precipitate to a pint 
bottle, and add the Glycerin and enough Water to make a pint. A little per- 
fume may be added if desired. 

4182. Liquid Rouge, or Bloom of Roses. — This is used for giving a 
flesh tint or red coloring to the complexion, also for adding to any of the 
foregoing white preparations to impart a flesh tint. It is frequently put up 
in small bottles and furnished in a package with the white Cosmetique. It is 
made as follows: Carmine, No. 40, 120 grains, Carbonate of Potassium 
(Salts of Tartar) 60 grains, Glycerin 4 fl.ounces, Aqua Ammonia y z fl. ounce, 
Orange Flower Water 1 2 fl.ounces. Rub the Carmine and the Carbonate of 
Potassium to a fine powder, add the Glycerin, rub them together, then add 
the Ammonia and Orange Flower Water. A small quantity of this liquid is 
applied to the cheek with a sponge or soft cloth and thoroughly rubbed in. 
For making a flesh tint of the white preparations, add from 1 to 1 )i 
fl. drachms to a pint. 

Vinegar Rouge. True Vinegar Rouge is prepared from pure Rouge, 
Carthamine (from safflower) by dissolving it in Alcohol and acidulating with 
Acetic Acid. An imitation may be made by adding Acetic Acid to a solu- 
tion of Scarlet Aniline. 

Creams, etc. 

For Softening the Skin, Etc. 
These are designed for softening tjie skin and removing tan, sun- 
burn, freckles, chap, etc. Several different kinds of preparations 
are put up for such uses, and the following formulas are representa- 
tive of preparations found in the market : 

4183. Camphor Cream.— Quince Seed, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Hot 
Water 14 fl. ounces, Borax, powdered, 60 grains, Glycerin 2 flounces, Spirit of 
Camphor 1 flounce, Oil of i Jitter Almonds 10 minims. Macerate the < >uin> e 
Seeds for half a day with the Water and strain. Mix with the Glycerin. Dis- 
solve the Oil of Hitter Almonds in the Spirit of Camphor and gradually add 
to it the Mucilage of Ouince, etc., and mix them thoroughly. 

4184. Fragrant Cream.— Ouince Seed 120 grains, Borax, in powder, 60 
grains, Hot Water 12 fl.ounces, Glycerin 3 fl.ounces, Cologne 2 fl.ounces. 
Crush the Quince Seed and macerate with the Hot Water for one hour, stir- 



1134 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

ring frequently, then strain through muslin, without pressure, add the Glycerin 
and Borax, and then add the translucent solution to the Cologne slowly, shak- 
ing them well together. One ounce of Bulk Perfume and i ounce of Cologne 
Spirit may be used instead of the Cologne. This is used for softening the 
skin, chap, etc. By using double the quantity of Quince Seed a preparation 
similar to " Frostilla " may be made. 

4185. Marshmallow Cream. — Tragacanth, in powder }£ ounce av., 
Marshmallow Root, cut, l / 2 ounce av., Water 12 fl. ounces, Glycerin 3 
fl. ounces, Cologne 2 flounces. Mix the Glycerin with the Water, add the 
Tragacanth and Mallow to the mixture and agitate frequently for several 
days, then strain through a muslin strainer, add the Cologne, let stand two or 
three days and strain again. 

4186. Savonia Cream. — White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Tragacanth % 
ounce, Water 8 fl.ounces, Glycerin 6 fl. ounces, Cologne 2 fl.ounces. Make 
in the same manner as the preceding. 

4187. Blandine. — Take of Albumen (white of egg) 6 ounces, Glycerin 10 
ounces, Oil Bitter Almonds 10 drops. Mix the Albumen with the Glycerin, 
and add the flavor ; pass several times through a muslin strainer to mix well 
and remove any "lumps." This is a fine liquid preparation for the skin. As 
the Glycerin is absorbed, a thin coating of Albumen is left on the surface, 
which protects it from the air. 

4188. Amandine. — This is a preparation intended to whiten and soften 
the skin and prevent chaping, etc. Honey, strained, 2 ounces, White Soft 
Soap (2908) 1 ounce, Liquor Potassa, 1 fl. drachm, Oil of Sweet Almonds 28 
ounces, Oil of Bergamot i}4 drachm, Oil of Bitter Almonds 1% drachm, Oil 
of Cloves 40 minims, Balsam Peru 40 minims. Rub the honey with the Soft 
Soap in a mortar add the Liquor Potassa, and when thoroughly mixed gradu- 
ally add the Almond Oil, with which the other oils have been previously 
mixed, stirring them thoroughly to form an emulsion. 

4189. Shaving Cream.— White Wax, Spermaceti, Almond Oil, each y 2 
ounce, Shaving Soap, William's 2 small cakes, Rose Water 2 ounces. Melt 
the Soap with the Rose Water in a wide mouth bottle. Melt the Wax Sper- 
maceti and Almond Oil together and add to the warm solution of Soap, beat- 
ing them all well together into a cream until cool. 

Another formula is, William's Soap 8 ounces, Almond Oil, Cologne and 
Glycerine each 1 ounce, Water 8 ounces, made in the same manner. 

4190. Shaving Cream for Metal Tubes.— Lard 16 ounces, Spermaceti 1 
ounce, Caustic Potassa 2 ounces, Alcohol ]/ 2 ounce, Oil Bitter Almond 20 
minims, Water 16 ounces. Melt the Lard and Spermaceti together on a 
sand-bath. Dissolve the Caustic Potassa in half the Water and gradually add 
the solution to the melted Lard, etc., with gentle stirring. Dissolve the Oil of • 
Almond in the Alcohol, mix with the Water and while the Soap is cooling 
mix it thoroughly. This may be run into metal tubes while warm. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1135 



Face and Toilet Powders, etc. 

A great variety of Toilet and Face powders are found on the 
market, some in the form of powder and some in the form of balls 
or solid blocks or tablets. The following formulas represent the 
most desirable kinds. 

4191. Face Powder — (white). — Oxide of Zinc, English, Hubbuck's 6 
ounces, Precipitated Chalk, English 6 ounces, Rice Flour, Bolted 16 ounces, 
French Chalk, very fine powder, 4 ounces, Orris Root, in very fine powder, 4 
ounces, Oil of Santal 60 minims, Oil of Cloves 20 minims. The Orris Root 
must be reduced to an impalpable powder, and thoroughly mixed with the 
other powders, the Oils are then to be rubbed with a portion of the powder, 
and the remaining powder gradually added and thoroughly mixed. The chief 
trouble usually experienced with Face Powders is to reduce them to the 
proper fineness. This is especially the case when Orris Root is used, as it is 
a very refractory substance to reduce to an impalpable powder. To obviate 
this difficulty, the Extract of Orris (934), such as is used in perfumery; may be 
used in place of the powdered root. It may be gradually mixed by rubbing 
it with the powder, and the Alcohol evaporated off by exposing for a few 
hours in the open air to gentle heat. This should be done before adding the 
Essential Oils. 

Flesh. The Flesh-tinted Powders may be prepared from this or any other 
white powders, by first rubbing a little Carmine to an impalpable powder, 
mixing it with a portion of the powder, and then gradually incorporating 
more of the powder until the desired shade is obtained. It requires consider- 
able care to incorporate the Carmine so that it will not be "streaked," and it 
may therefore be advisable to add it in the form of a solution, first, with a 
portion of the powder, and then with enough gradually added to make the 
desired color. 

4192. Swan-Down Face Powder. — Oxide of Zinc, Hubbuck's, 4 ounces, 
Orris Root, in very fine powder, 1% ounce, French Chalk 4^ ounces. Mix 
them thoroughly, perfume if desired. 

4193. Peerless Face Powder.— French Chalk 2% ounces, Corn Starch 3 
ounces, Oxide of Bismuth yi. ounce, Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces. Mix them. 

4194. Bloom of Ninon Face Powder. — Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces, 
Sub-Carbonate of Bismuth 1 ounce, Oxide of Zinc, Hubbuck's, 2%. ounces, 
Corn Starch 4 ounces. Mix them thoroughly and perfume with Essence 
of Orris and Rose. This is known also as Saunders Face Powder. 

4195. Invisible Face Powder. — French Chalk 4 ounces, Calcined Mag- 
nesia 1 ounce, Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces, Subcarbonate of Bismuth 1 ounce, 
Carmine 30 grains. Mix them. 

4196. Complexion Powder. — French Chalk 4;^ ounces. Precipitated 
Chalk 3 oun es, Oxychlo le oi Bismuth [ounce. Mix them. 



1136 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

4197. Lily White Tablet.— The Lily White tablets and solid cakes and 
balls that are found in the market consist mainly of Prepared or Precipitated 
Chalk 4 parts, French Chalk 5 parts, ground together in a mill with water 
sufficient to make a thick paste, and run into the desired form or cut, or 
formed while still moist into the required shape. 

4198. Rose or Violet Toilet Powder. — The ordinary Toilet or Baby 
Powder which is used as a drier or dusting after washing, and by barbers 
after shaving, may be made with Wheat Starch or Arrow Root, in fine powder, 
1 pound, Oxide of Zinc or Oxide of Bismuth 4 ounces, Orris Root, in very 
fine powder, 2>£ ounces. This may be perfumed with Essence of Rose for 
Rose Powder, or with Essence of Orris for Violet Powder. 



DENTIFRICES. 

Dentifrices or cosmetics for the teeth are found in the market in 
the forms of Tooth Powders, Tablets, Pastes, Washes and liquid 
saponaceous compounds. They are mostly to be used on a brush, 
and are put up in various ways to make them attractive and con- 
venient for use. The following formulae represents the different 
kinds of preparations which are in use : 

Tooth Washes and Cosmetics. 

4199. Balm of a Thousand Flowers. — This is a liquid dentifrice, also used 
for softening the skin, shaving, etc. It may be made as follows : White 
Castile Soap 2 ounces, Honey 4 ounces, Water 12 ounces, Alcohol 4 ounces, 
Oil of Rose 3 drops, Oil of Wintergreen 10 drops, Oil of Cinnamon 5 drops, 
Extract of Vanilla y 2 ounce. Dissolve the soap in the water by the aid of 
heat, add the Honey ; dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol and mix with the 
solution of Soap, etc. After standing, filter. 

4200. Oriental Tooth Wash. — Soap Bark (Ouillaya) 4 ounces, Orris 
Root 2 ounces, Tannin 30 grains, Cloves 60 grains, Oil Wintergreen 2 
drachms, Cologne Spirit enough to make 20 ounces. Grind the drugs to a 
coarse powder and macerate for seven days in 1 pint of Cologne Spirit; pour 
off the liquid and put the drugs in a percolator ; pour the liquid upon the 
drugs and percolate, adding Cologne Spirit in the percolator until 20 ounces 
of percolate are obtained. Dissolve the Oil of Wintergreen in the percolate, 
and filter, if necessary. 

4201. Saponaceous Tooth Wash. — White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Oil 
Cloves, Oil Cinnamon each 10 minims, Oil Wintergreen 15 minims, Oil 
Peppermint 20 minims, Hot Water 4 ounces, Alcohol or Cologne Spirit 10 
ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces. Cut the Soap in thin shavings, and dissolve in 
the Hot Water; dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol, add the Solution of Soap 
and Glycerin, and color with Cochineal or Caramel, or both ; filter, add a little 
Powdered Charcoal in the filter. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES, 1137 

4202. Eau Angelique.— Angelica Root, true, yi ounce, Red Rose 
Leaves 2 drachms, Cloves 90 grains, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, each, 60 grains, 
Extract Vanilla yi ounce, Oil Peppermint 30 minims, Oil Wintergreen 20 
minims, Cologne Spirit 14 ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces, Cochineal 8 grains. 
Grind the drugs to a fine powder and macerate for seven days with the mixed 
Glycerin and Cologne Spirit ; pour off the liquid and put the drugs in a per- 
colator ; pour the liquid upon the drugs and percolate, adding enough 
Cologne Spirit through the percolator to make 1 pint. Dissolve the Oils in 2 
drachms of Cologne Spirit and mix with the liquid ; then add the Extract 
Vanilla and filter, adding a little Powdered Charcoal in the filter. 

4203. Balsamic Tooth Wash.— Compound Tincture of Benzoin, Tinc- 
ture Tolu, Tincture Myrrh, each yi ounce, White Castile Soap 1 ounce, 
Hot Water 10 ounces, Glycerin 2 ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 ounces, Oil Pepper- 
mint 40 minims, Oil Wintergreen 20 minims, Oil Cloves 10 minims. Mix the 
Tinctures and the Cologne Spirit, and dissolve the Oils in the mixture. Cut 
the Soap in fine shavings, and dissolve in the Hot Water ; add the Glycerin 
to this solution. Add the saponaceous solution very gradually to the solution 
of Oils and Balsams, allow to stand twenty-four hours, shaking occasionally, 
then filter, adding a little Powdered Charcoal to the filter. 

The saponaceous solution can be best added to the balsamic solution by 
putting a cork in a funnel so that it will be added drop by drop. 

The solution of soap must always be added to the balsamic solution. 

4204. Almond Tooth Cream. — Tincture Myrrh, Tincture Tolu, each 
yi ounce, Oil Bitter Almonds 20 minims, Borax, powdered, yi ounce, 
Glycerin 2 ounces, Hot Water 13 ounces. Mix the Tinctures, and dissolve 
in the mixture the Oil of Bitter Almonds, dissolve the Borax in the Hot 
Water and add the Glycerin, add the solution of Borax very gradually (by 
dropping as directed in the previous formulae) to the Tinctures, etc. 

4205. Carbolated Tooth Wash.— Carbolic Acid 20 grains, Alcohol 
1 drachm, Eau Angelique 1 pint, dissolve the Carbolic Acid in the 
Alcohol and add the Eau Angelique. Carbolic Acid may be added to any of 
the other Tooth Washes, in the same proportion as above. It makes a 
valuable addition in many cases, as it destroys the odor of decayed teeth and 
offensive breath. 

4206. Arnica Tooth Wash.— Arnica Flowers 1 ounce, Gum Myrrh 
yi ounce, Cloves 60 grains, Cinnamon 60 grains, Oil Peppermint 40 
minims, Cologne Spirit enough to make 1 pint, grind the drugs to a fine 
powder and percolate with the Cologne Spirit until 1 pint is obtained, and 
add the Oil of Peppermint, filter if necessary. 

4207. " Sozodont."— This is a proprietary Dentifrice, a similar prepara- 
tion may be made with White Castile Soap 1 % ounce av., Glycerin 4 fl.ounces, 
Cologne Spirit 6 fl.ounces, Water 6 fl.ounces, I »il Peppermint 20 minims, 
( >il Wintergreen 30 minims, Oil Cloves, 10 minims, Extract Vanilla )i ounce, 
cut the Soap in line shavings and dissolve it in the water by the aid of heat, 



1138 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

then add the Glycerin and Extract Vanilla, dissolve the Oils in the Alcohol 
and add, and after standing filter. 

Tooth Pastes. 

Tooth pastes are favorite dentifrices, made up in the form of a 
soft mass and usually put up in flat earthen jars. 

4208. Cherry Tooth Paste.— Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Powdered 
Orris Root 8 ounces, Powdered Areca Nut 2 ounces, Powdered Cuttle Bone 
2 ounces, Powdered Quillaya Bark 1 ounce, Borax, in powder, 1 ounce, Carmine , 
in fine powder, or solution of Carmine, a sufficient quantity Oil of Cloves, 
Oil of Nutmeg-, each 40 minims, Oil of Bitter Almond 30 minims, Oil of Rose 
10 minims, Glycerin, Honey and Mucilage Acacia, equal quantities, each a 
sufficient quantity to make into a mass, mix the powders first and color with 
the Carmine or Carmine solution, then make into a mass. 

4209. Saponaceous Tooth Paste.— Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces, Pow- 
dered Orris Root 4 ounces, White Castile Soap 1 ounce, Powdered Borax 1 
ounce, Powdered Myrrh y z ounce, Honey and Glycerin, equal parts, suffici- 
ent to make a paste. This may be perfumed with Wintergreen, Cassia or 

•other flavors, and colored with Carmine or Rose Pink, if desired. 

4210. Odontine Paste. — French Chalk 8 ounces, Soap, in powder, 4 ounces, 
Sugar 4 ounces, Gum Arabic, in powder, y 2 ounce, Peppermint Oil, Winter- 
green Oil, each 1 drachm, Glycerin and Honey, sufficient to make a mass. 
This may be colored if desired. 

421 1. Charcoal Tooth Paste. — A Charcoal Tooth Paste may be made 
by using 4 ounces of Charcoal, in fine powder, instead of the Soap, in the 
foregoing formula. 

4212. Tooth Paste for Metal Tubes. — A Tooth Paste for putting up in 
metal tubes may be made from any of the foregoing formulas by making 
them much thinner with the Glycerin and Honey than when they are to be 
put up in jars or pots. 

Tooth Powders. 

Tooth Powders are the most frequently sold of any of the denti- 
frices, probably because they are better known and are furnished at a 
less price; a great variety are found in the market. The following 
formulae make preparations similar to a few of the best. 

4213. Tooth Powder. — General formula. — Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, 
Powdered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Orris Root, in powder, 3 ounces, Powdered 
Borax 1 ounce, Oil of Cloves 10 minims, Oil of Wintergreen 2 fl.drachms. 
Carmine solution a sufficient quantity, mix the powders and with a small por 
lion incorporate the Oils and sufficient of the Carmine solution to color the 



TOILET PREPARATION'S AND PERFUMES. 1139 

batch, making a moist powder, to this gradually add the remainder of the 
powder, rubbing the mixture well together until they are thoroughly mixed 
and of uniform color and flavor. This may be flavored with other flavoring 
oils in place of those mentioned, as desired, giving it an entirely different 
flavor. Various substances may be added to this powder, changing it in 
appearance, flavor, etc., but it is essentially the basis of all the other powders 
and may be kept in stock for mixing other substances, as Powdered Pumice 
Stone or Marble Dust may be used instead of Powdered Cuttle Bone, but the 
latter is generally preferable. 

4214. Carbolic Tooth Powder.— Mix Y 2 ounce of Carbolic Acid with 
20 ounces of the foregoing, by rubbing it first with a small portion of the 
powder and then incorporating with the remainder. 

4215. Cinchona Tooth Powder.— Add 2 ounces of powdered Cinchona 
Bark and 1 ounce of -powdered Myrrh to 20 ounces of the general Tooth 
Powder (4213). 

4216. Camphorated Tooth Powder. — Mix Camphor in fine powder 1 
ounce with 20 ounces of the general Tooth Powder (4213), and when thor- 
oughly mixed pass through a fine sieve. 

4217. Quinine Tooth Powder.— Mix Sulphate of Quinine % ounce with" 
20 ounces of the general Tooth Powder (4213). 

4218. Rose Tooth Powder. — Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Powdered 
Orris Root 4 ounces, Powdered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Carmine in fine powder 
2 drachms, or sufficient to color, Oil of Rose 30 minims, Oil of Santal Wood 5 
minims, Oil Cassia 5 minims, mix them well together as directed in the 
general formula. 

4219. Saponaceous Tooth Powder.— Precipitated Chalk 8 ounces, Pow- 
dered Cuttle Bone 4 ounces, Powdered White Soap 4 ounces, Oil of Winter- 
green 2 drachms, Oil of Calamus 10 minims, mix them well together. 

It is needless to give further formulas for tooth powders, as an infinite 
variety may be made in the same general manner as has been described in the 
foregoing, it being only necessary to change the flavor, or color, and add 
such other antiseptic or other ingredients as may be desired. 

4220. Tooth Tablets. — These are simply tooth powders put up in the 
form of cakes or squares, and may be made as follows: Powdered Cuttle 
Bone or Pumice Stone 4 ounces, Orris Root, in powder, 4 ounces, Carbonate 
of Magnesium 4 ounces, White Castile Soap 4 ounces, Gum Arabic, in fine 
powder, 1 ounce, Water 6 ounces, Essence of Wintergreen 2 ounces. Beat 
the Castile Soap and the Gum Arabic with the water and Essence of Winter- 
green, and having mixed the other powders, gradually incorporate them widi 
the mixture by working ill a mortar the same as a pill or lozenge mass. Then 
roll out and cut out or mark as desired into squares, and dry them with 
gentle heat. 



1140 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

Mouth Waters. 

In this connection it is proper to give a few .ormulas for Mouth 
Waters, which are used for rinsing the mouth and teeth, pre- 
venting bad breath, etc. 

4221. Eau de Botot or Mouth Water. — Anise Seed 10 ounces, Ceylon 
Cinnamon 2% ounces, Cloves 75 grains, Cochineal y 2 ounce, Oil of Pepper- 
mint l /z ounce, Alcohol sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces, grind the drugs and 
macerate with the alcohol, then percolate until 20 ounces have passed and 
dissolve the Oil of Peppermint in the percolate. This may be more readily 
made with Oil of Anise % ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 1 drachm, Oil Pepper- 
mint x / 2 ounce, Oil Cloves, 10 minims, dissolved in Alcohol 19 fl.ounces. A 
teaspoonful of this is poured into half a glass of Warm Water for rinsing 
the mouth and teeth. It may be applied to the teeth also with a brush, 
simply to clean them. 

4222. Salicylic Mouth Water.— Salicylic Acid 20 grains, Oil of Pepper- 
mint 10 drops, Oil of Wintergreen 20 drops, Alcohol 2 fl.ounces, Orange 
Flower Water, Distilled Water, each, 2^ fl.ounces, mix the Oils and Acid 
with the Alcohol and add the Waters. This is to be diluted with 2 to 4 parts 
of Water when used. 

4223. Violet Mouth Water.— Extract of Orris Root (934) 8 ounces, 
Essence of Rose (920) 8 ounces, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 drops, Alcohol 8 
ounces, mix them. Use 1 teaspoonful in half a glass of water for rinsing the 
mouth, etc. 



HAIR PREPARATIONS. 



Preparations for the Hair are put up by most all druggists, and 
a great variety of Dyes, Restoratives, Tonics, Pomades, Cosmetics, 
Oils, etc., are found in the market. The formulae for Dyes, Re- 
storatives and Tonics have already been given in the Standard 
Remedies Department, and the formulas which follow will be more 
especially devoted to such as are classed with Toilet Preparations. 

Depilatories. 

Depilatories are preparations designed to remove superfluous hair, 
by killing its roots. They are but little used. 

4224. Depilatory Paste.— Freshly-slacked Lime 1 ounce, Starch in fine 
powder 2 drachms, Glycerin 2 ounces, Water y z ounce ; heat the Starch with 
the Glycerin on a sand-bath until it is gelatinized ; then mix the Lime with 
the Water and stir with the paste until thoroughly mixed. The hair is to be 
shaved off close, this is then to be applied and left on for only a few moments 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1141 

{3 to 5 minutes), then removed and the part dressed with cream or soft 
ointment. 

4225. Depilatory Powder. — Arsenic 1 part, Quick Lime 8 parts, well 
mixed together ; when used this is to be mixed with Glycerite of Starch, or 
Soft Soap ; it should be freshly made when wanted. As this is quite poisonous 
as well as caustic it should be handled with caution. 

4226. Depilatory Liquid. — Quicklime, in powder, 1 ounce, Carbonate of 
Potassium 1 ounce, Sugar 2 ounces, Water 4 ounces, boil them together and 
after standing decant. The Caustic Liquid may be applied as it is or mixed 
with starch paste. 

Hair Dyes. 

Formulas for Hair Dyes will be found on pages 1079, 1080; but 
two more are appended' here. 

4227. Bismuth Hair Dye.— Trisnitrate of Bismuth 1 ounce aw, Glycer- 
ine 3'< flounces, dissolve the Bismuth in the Glycerine. When desired to 
use mix the Dye with an equal quantity of Water and apply as usual. 

4228. Vanadium Hair Dye.— This is applied with two preparations in 
the same manner as the Nitrate of Silver Dye 4039, using the same mordant, 
and then apply the Vanadium solution in the same manner as the Silver Dye. 
The Vanadium Solution is made with Vanadate of Ammonium 10 grains, 
dissolved in Water 4 ounces. 

Hair Oils, Etc. 

These are liquid preparations intended as a dressing for the hair 
to keep it soft and glossy, clean the scalp, etc. A great variety of 
such preparations may be made, but a few formulas only will be 
necessary; for, with a good base, the perfumes may be varied to suit 
the taste. The following bases may be used : 

4229. Castor Oil Base for Hair Oil.— Castor Oil 12 (bounces, Alcohol 
5 flounces. Mix them. As Castor Oil mixes in all preparations with Alco- 
hol this may be made thinner if desired by using a larger proportion of 
Alcohol. 

4230. Other Hair Oil Bases.— Oil of Benne, Oil of Almond, Mustard 
Seed oil. Oil of Cotton Seed, refined, Lard OH. Salad Oil, Hickory Nut Oil 

a)i<l White Neutral Paraffin Oil, are all good bases for Hair Oils; they 
may be perfumed with any combination of perfuming Oils desired, and colored 
if desired as directed for coloring. 

4231. Coloring for Hair Oils.— Hair Oils are best colored Red by infus- 
ing them with Alkanet contained in a thin cotton bag, occasionally squeezing 
out the coloring matter. No other substance gives s.> tine a red color to Oils 
as this. The Oils may be heated or macerated cold, but it requires longer if 



1142 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 



prepared cold. Other colors for Hair Oils are seldom required, but they can 
be colored orange or yellow with Anatto, or green with fresh lawn grass. 

4232. Walnut Hair Oil.— As a sample of Hair Oils that may be made 
by macerating substances of various kinds in oils the following is given : 
Crush 2 ounces of fresh green Walnut shells with % ounce of powdered 
Alum to a smooth paste ; digest with 10 ounces of White Neutral Paraffin 
Oil or any bland Vegetable Oil, as Cotton Seed or other oil, until all vapor 
has been driven off, then strain and perfume as desired. Fresh Violet Flow- 
ers, Rose or Orris or other odorous substances, may be macerated with Oil in 
a similar manner. 

Perfumes for Hair Oils. 

Hair Oils may be perfumed as desired with perfuming Oils or 
mixtures of Oils. The following mixtures for general use are 
recommended: 

4233. Rose Oil Perfume, cheap.— Oil of Bergamot 4 ounces, Oil of 
Citronella 1 ounce, Oil of Cassia or Cinnamon 3 drachms, Oil of Cloves >£ 
drachm. Mix them. Of this, from 3 to 6 drachms or more may be used for 
each pint of Oil. If finer perfumes are desired without regard to expense, 
from 1 to 3 ounces of Bulk Perfume of any odor may be used in place of an 
equal quantity of Alcohol in the Castor Oil Base, or the following combina- 
tions of Fatty Perfuming Oils, etc., may be used to mix with any of the other 
Hair Oil bases. The fatty Oils mentioned in the formulas are made by mace- 
rating the fresh flowers in Almond or Olive Oil. They are imported and may 
be obtained of New- York jobbing houses. These perfumes can also be 
used for fine pomades or stick cosmetics. 

4234. Fine Rose Oil Perfume. — Oil or Otto of Rose 2 parts, Oil of Rose 
Geranium 4 parts, Oil of Patchouli 1 part, Oil of Jasmine, fatty, 10 parts, Oil 
of Tuberose, fatty, 10 parts, Oil of Violet, fatty, 5 parts. Mix them. This 
may be used as is necessary to perfume the Oil, from 2 drachms to 1 ounce 
being used to each pint of Oil. 

4235. Fine Orange Flower Perfume.— Oil of Neroli, Bigarade, 1 part, 
Oil of Neroli, Petit Grain, Oil of Jasmine, fatty, 10 parts. Mix them. This 
may be used the same as the foregoing. 

4236. Hang Hang Perfume. — Oil of Hang Hang 1 part, Oil of Tuberose, 
fatty, 10 parts, Oil of Violet, fatty, 5 parts. Mix them. This maybe used 
the same as the foregoing. Other combinations may be made in the same 
manner. 

Hair Growers. 

For promoting the growth of the hair many preparations of an 
oily nature are used. Several such preparations are noticed under 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1143 

Hair Tonics ; the following are added in this department. These 
are particularly used for thin or falling hair, baldness, etc. 

4237. Hair Grower. — Neutral Paraffin Oil or Cotton Seed Oil 1 pint, 
Cantharides, in coarse powder, 60 grains, Alkanet Root, in coarse powder, 
Yz ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 5 minims, Oil of Lemon 30 minims, Oil of Citro- 
nella 10 minims, Oil of Bergamot 60 minims. Enclose the Cantharides and 
Alkanet in a coarse muslin bag and digest in the Oil by the aid of a water- 
bath at a moderate heat for 1 2 hours, occasionally squeezing the bag, and 
then, when cool, add the perfuming oils. 

4238. Bay Hair Grower.— Castor Oil 10 ounces av., Tincture of Can- 
tharides (1880) 1 fl. ounce, Cologne Spirit 5 flounces, Oil of Bay Leaves 20 
minims, Oil of Pimento 5 minims, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims. Mix them. 
This may be colored red if desired with Tincture of Alkanet. 

4239. Cocoaine or Cocoa Cream. — Cocoanut Oil 1 ounce, Castor Oil 8 
ounces, Cologne Spirit 7 ounces, Oil of Bergamot 1 drachm, Oil of Lemon y 2 
drachm. Melt the Cocoanut Oil by gentle heat and add it to the Castor Oil 
previously warmed, add the Cologne Spirit and, when cool, the flavoring Oils. 

4240. Tricophorus. — Castor Oil 8 ounces, Alcohol 8 ounces, Oil Berga- 
mot \]/z drachms, Tincture Cantharides (1880) 2 drachms, Tincture Alkanet, 
sufficient to color a light red. Mix. 

4241. Hair Grower Pomade.— Petrolatum 1 pound, Tincture of Can- 
tharides \% ounce, Oil of Cinnamon 10 minims, Oil of Bergamot 60 minims, 
Oil of Citronella 20 minims, Oil of Cloves 5 minims. Melt the Petrolatum, 
add the tincture, and while cooling add the oils. 

Hair Lotions. 

Hair Lotions differ from Hair Oils in containing but little or no 
oil. They arc applied more freely to the hair and intended to pro- 
mote its growth, and give it a gloss or luster, also to clean the scalp 
and remove dandruff, eruptions, etc. 

4242. Almond Hair Lotion.— Cologne 4 ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, Water 
of Ammonia y 2 ounce, Bitter Almond or Cherry Laurel Water 4 ounces. 
Mix them. 

4243. Bay Hair Lotion.— Make the same as the foregoing, only use Bay 
Rum instead of Cologne. 

4244. Rose Hair Lotion.— Make the same as the first mentioned, but 
use Rose Water instead of Almond Water. Many others may be made in 
the same manner. 

4245. Stimulating Hair Lotion.— For thin hair, baldness, etc., Tincture 
of Cantharides 1 [880) 2 drachms, Acetic Ether 2 drachms, Glycerin 2 ounces, 
Bay Rum 6 ounces. Mix them. Cologne diluted with an equal quantity of 
Water may be used instead of Bay Rum. 



1144 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

4246. Bay Rum. — A great many formulas for Bay Rum have been pub- 
lished, but we have seen no reason to change the formula which we published 
many years ago, which quite closely imitates the imported distilled Bay Rum, 
and gives excellent satisfaction. It was as follows : Oil of Bay Leaves 2 
fl. drachms, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims, Oil of Pimenta 15 minims, Acetic 
Ether 15 minims. Caustic Soda, or concentrated Lye, 2 drachms, Cologne 
Spirit yA pints, Water 4^ pints. Grass-green coloring, sufficient. Mix the 
oils and dissolve them in the Cologne Spirit, dissolve the Caustic Soda in the 
Water and gradually add the solution to the Alcoholic solution of the oils, 
then add the Acetic Ether and enough of the green coloring to give the de- 
sired color, and after standing a few days filter through a glass funnel without 
using a filter rack or any metallic substance. 

4247. Shampoo Liquids.— Two kinds of Shampoo Liquids are used, the 
" wet " and the "dry." the former being intended to be used with a quantity 
of Water to wash the head and the other to be applied in small quantities 
and the hair rubbed until nearly dry. Of the former the two formulas are 
given. 

4248. Barbers' Shampoo.— Carbonate of Potassium (Salts of Tartar) 90 
grains, Water of Ammonia 3 fl. ounces, Cologne 2 flounces, Water, sufficient 
to make 2 pints. Mix and dissolve. 

4249. Clifford's Shampoo Compound. — Borax 1 2 ounces, Salts of Tartar 
4 ounces. Mix and dissolve 1 ounce of the mixture in 1 pint of Water when 
wanted for use. 

4250. Dry Shampoo. — Cologne 1 ounce, Alcohol 2 ounces, Water of 
Ammonia 3 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Mix them. This is applied and the 
hair rubbed until the lather first formed has dried. 

4251. Sea Foam.— Bay Rum 3 n.ounces, Water of Ammonia 3 fl.ounces, 
Water 10 fl.ounces. Mix them. 

4252. Quillaya Sea Foam.— Tincture of Quillaya 2 ounces, Cologne or 
Bay Rum 2 ounces, Water 1 2 ounces. Mix them. This does away with the 
odor of Ammonia, which is disagreeable to many. 

Pomades. 

Pomades for the hair are fatty preparations of the consistence of 
ointments. They were formerly made of beef marrow, suet, washed 
lard, or a mixture of fats, generally perfumed and colored, but were 
quite liable to spoil or become rancid by standing. Since the intro- 
duction of Petrolatum it has, in this country, taken the place of other 
fats as a basis for pomades, as it is of about the right consistence, 
and never becomes rancid nor deteriorates. It is therefore directed 
in the following formulas, but if preferred, the purified suet directed 
for making stick pomades (4256) may be used as a base. 

4253. Barbers' Pomade.— Petrolatum 16 ounces, Oil of Bergamot 60 
minims, Oil of Citronella 20 minims, Oil of Cassia 10 minims, Oil of Cloves 5 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1145 

minims. Melt the petrolatum and while cooling, but still liquid, add the oils 
and mix thoroughly. If finer perfume is desired without regard to expense 
the fine perfumes given under Hair Oils may be used. 

4254. Fine Pomades. — By mixing equal parts of Petrolatum with various 
Flower Pomades No. 24, and, if necessary, adding additional perfume, a great 
variety of Fine Pomades may be made, as Acacia or Cassia Pomade, Rose 
Pomade, Orange Flower Pomade, Violet Pomade, etc. They may also be 
made by mixing Petrolatum with Purified Suet (4256), equal parts, and scent- 
ing with fine perfuming Oils as directed for Stick Pomades. It is unneces- 
sary to give detailed formulas. 

4255. — Pomade Hongroise or Moustache Wax.— White Wax 1 ounce, 
Powdered Castile Soap x /z ounce, Gum Arabic, powdered, yi ounce, Rose Water 
1 ounce, Oil of Bergamot 30 minims, Oil of Thyme 3 drops. Melt the Gum 
Arabic and the Soap in the Rose Water by gentle heat, then, having previ- 
ously melted the Wax, add it gradually to the mixture, stirring them con- 
stantly ; while cooling, add the perfume. 

It is usually put up in jars or pots. 

Stick Pomades or Cosmetics. 

These are pomades of much firmer consistence than the foregoing, 
containing considerable wax, and run in sticks. They are used for 
the moustache and whiskers, and for making the hair lay where it 
is wanted. 

4256. Stick Cosmetic Base.— Take 10 pounds of fresh Beef Suet, cut it 
in small pieces, pound it in a mortar and wash it thoroughly several times in 
pure cold Water. Then put over the fire and slowly " try it out," not allow- 
ing it to come to a boil (as that develops the disagreeable animal odor), add 
to it when melted 2 x / 2 drachms powdered Alum and about the same amount 
of Salt, then let it come to a simmer, remove the scum that rises, and strain 
through a fine wire or muslin strainer, into a deep dish partly filled with hot 
Water. Allow it to stand 2 or 3 hours, that all impure matter may settle, 
then remove from the dish, melt and mix 1 ounce powdered Gum Benzoin, 
and y z pint Rose Water, bring to a boil and simmer for a few minutes, 
skimming off all that rises to the top, add to it x / 2 gallon boiling water, agitate 
and stir thoroughly and at last pour off into a shallow pan to cool. This 
makes the same kind of purified grease that is used in making perfumed 
Pomades. It will keep for any length of time sweet and pure, without be- 
coming rancid, and is suited well for making any of the harder kinds of 
Pomades, Cosmetiques, etc. 

To make the Stick Pomade; take of the Purified Suet thus prepared m 1 . 
Ounces, White Wax or Paraffin l>£ ounce. Perfume as desired. This is 
sufficient to make 1 dozen 1 ounce sticks of Pomade, which in. i\ be made l'\ 

running in suitable moulds. 
The base may be perfumed with the mixtures of perfuming oils as given 



1 140 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

under hair oils, or as follows : The quantity of perfuming oils stated being 
for 12 ounces of the base. This may be variously perfumed with other in- 
gredients, or colored brown with umber, black with ivory black, etc. 

4257. Almond Cosmetic— 30 minims Essential Oil of Almonds. 

4258. Bay Cosmetic— 30 minims Oil of Bay. 

4259. Cassia Cosmetic. — 30 minims Oil of Cassia. 

4260. Orange Flower Cosmetic— 20 minims Oil of Neroli. 

4261. Rose Geranium Cosmetic— 30 minims Oil Rose Geranium. 

4262. Santalina Cosmetic— 30 minims Santal Wood Oil, 5 drops Oil 
Rose. 

4263. Verbena Cosmetic— 20 minims Oil Lemon Grass. 

4264. White Rose Cosmetic— 10 minims Oil Rose, 3 minims Oil 
Patchouly. 

4265. Ylang Ylang Cosmetic. — 10 minims Oil Ylang Ylang, 3 minims 
Oil Rose. 

Hair Powders. 

For powdering the hair white ordinary powdered starch scented 
with some kind of bulk perfume is generally used. The perfume 
may be rubbed with a small quantity of the powder first and then 
with the remainder gradually added. 

Silver powder is made from mica, coarsely ground, and gold pow- 
der from gold colored mica or Tinsel ground or finely cut. 



COSMETIC ICES AND JELLIES. 

The most familiar preparation of this kind is Camphor Ice, which 
is considerably used for sun-burn, tan, chap, chafe, etc. Cold 
cream is a softer preparation much used for the same purpose. 
Formulas for both of these have been given under other headings 
(3709), (4094), and a few only will be given here. 

4266. Camphor Ice with Glycerin.— Paraffin or White Wax 4 ounces, 
White Petrolatum or Washed Lard 1 2 ounces, Camphor 3 ounces, Glycerin 3 
ounces, Oil of Bitter Almond 20 minims, Oil of Rose 5 minims, Oil of Cloves 
5 minims. Melt the Paraffin and Petrolatum together and remove from the 
fire, add the Camphor in powder and keep warm until the Camphor is dis- 
solved, then strain, and while cooling add the Glycerin and Perfuming Oils, 
beating them well together until it is cool enough to set, when run into cold 
moulds or a flat pan on ice. It may then be cut up as desired. 

4267. Carbolated Camphor Ice. — This may be made by adding 2 ounces 
of Carbolic Acid to the ingredients of the formula 4094. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1147 



4268. Carbolated Camphor Ice with Glycerin.— This may be made by 
adding 1 ounce of Carbolic Acid to the ingredients of the formula for Cam- 
phor Ice with Glycerin (4266). 

4269. Glycerin, Honey or Jelly. — Solidified Glycerin. — Transparent 
Soap 4 ounces, Water 6 ounces, Glycerin 12 ounces, Oil Bergamot 20 minims, 
Oil Cloves 10 minims, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 minims. Cut the Soap in thin 
shavings and dissolve in an evaporating dish with the Water, when dissolved 
add the Glycerin and boil for one hour or until the vapor of Water no longer 
rises, and the liquid measures only 1 pint, when nearly cool stir in the essen- 
tial oils and pour into a shallow pan or boxes designed for the preparation ; 
the perfume may be varied to suit, by using other combinations. This makes 
transparent Jelly. 

4270. Glycerin Jelly.— Another method of making this is as follows : 
White Castile Soap, in powder, 140 parts, Pure Glycerin 210 parts, Oil of 
Almonds, expressed, 1260 parts for winter use, or 1680 parts for summer use, 
Oil of Bergamot 8 parts, Oil of Rose 2 parts, Oil of Lavender 4 parts, mix 
the powdered Soap and the Glycerin in a Mortar, then add the Oil of 
Almonds and incorporate it by triturating rapidly and add the perfume. This 
Jelly is not transparent. 

4271. Camphorated Glycerin Honey or Jelly. — This may be made by 
adding %. ounce of Powdered Camphor to the Glycerin Honey while warm. 

4272. Carbolated Glycerin Honey.— This may be prepared by adding 
Carbolic Acid % ounce to the Glycerin Honey while warm, the same may 
also be added to the Camphorated Glycerin Honey if desired. 

4273. Glycerine Ice.— Gelatine 2 ounces, Water 6 ounces, Glycerin 14 
ounces, perfuming Oils to suit. Dissolve the Gelatin in the Water by the heat 
of a water- bath, add the Glycerin previously heated, boil until only 1 pint 
remains and strain, while cooling incorporate the perfumes, and pour into 
shallow tins, this may be colored red or other color if desired. It resembles 
Ice. To apply it the skin should first be moistened with Water and the cake 
rubbed over it. 

4274. Glycerine Jelly. — Gelatin 1 ounce, Glycerin 1 pint, Boric Acid, in 
fine powder, 2 drachms, Water 1 pint, Bulk Perfume 1 or 2 ounces. Soak the 
Gelatin in the Water until soft, then heat until dissolved, add the Glycerin 
and Boric Acid and strain while cooling, add the perfume and mix thoroughly, 
this is a thin or soft Jelly and should be put up in pots or jars. It is an excel- 
lent preparation for chap, chafe and roughness of the skin. 

4275. Arnica Jelly. — This may be made by adding 4 fl. ounces of Tincture 
of Arnica to the Solution of ( u-latin, and boiling the solution until only 1 pint 
remains, then adding the Glycerin, etc., as before. The firm Arnica Jelly 
may be made by adding Tincture Arnica 2 ounces, to each pint of any of the 
former preparations before adding the Glycerin, etc., other substances may 
be combined with the Jellies in the same manner. 



1148 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 



LOTIONS. 

Lotions are intended to whiten and soften the skin, remove pimples, 
tan, freckles, sunburn, etc. The milks are also included under this 
heading, as they are employed for similar purposes. 

4276. Moth and Freckle Lotion.— Bichloride of Mercury 60 grains, 
Chloride of Ammonium 240 grains, Alcohol 3 flounces, Rose or Orange 
Flower Water 3 fl. ounces, Water 10 flounces. Rub the corrosive sublimate to 
a fine powder and dissolve it in the Alcohol, dissolve the Chloride of Ammo- 
nium in the Water, add the Rose or Orange Flower Water and mix with the 
Alcoholic solution, after standing a day or two, filter. This may be applied 
once or twice a day with a soft sponge or linen cloth and will quickly remove 
moth or freckles, tan, etc. 

4277. Anti-Freckle Lotion.— Bichloride of Mercury 12 grains, Hydro- 
chloric Acid 3 fl. drachms, Bitter Almonds i l / 2 ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, 
Tincture Benzoin 2 drachms, Orange Flower Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 
Dissolve the Bichloride of Mercury in 3 ounces of the Orange Flower Water, 
add the Hydrochloric Acid and set aside. Blanch the Almonds and bruise 
them to a paste in a mortar with the Glycerin and add sufficient Orange 
Flower Water to make about 12 ounces of Cream or Milk of Almonds, add 
to this the Tincture of Benzoin, drop by drop, rubbing them well together, 
then add the solution of Bichloride of Mercury, and enough Orange Flower 
Water to make a pint and strain the whole forcibly through a cheese cloth 
strainer to remove the coarser particles of Almond. 

4278. Freckle Lotion. — Sulpho-Carbolate of Zinc % ounce av., Glycerin 
3 ounces av., Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Orange Flower Water 3 fl. ounces, Rose 
Water sufficient to make a pint. Mix, dissolve and filter. 

4279. Face Lotion.— Bitter Almonds, Sweet Almonds, each, 1 ounce, 
Oil of Almonds 1 ounce, Spermaceti l / z ounce, Borax, in powder, % ounce, 
Glycerin 4 ounces, Rose or Orange Flower Water sufficient to make a pint. 
Blanch the Almonds and reduce them to a uniform paste, by beating in a 
mortar and then rubbing with the Glycerin. Rub the Spermaceti in another 
mortar previously warmed with the Oil of Almonds, and beat until dissolved. 
Dissolve the Borax in half a pint of the perfumed Water, and having gradu- 
ally added the warm Oil solution to the emulsion of Almonds in the mortar, 
rubbing them constantly, then add the solution of Borax and shake them well 
together, then add enough of the perfumed Water to make a pint and strain 
the mixture through coarse cheese cloth to remove larger particles of Almond. 

4280. Pimple Lotion. — Carbolic Acid 1 drachm, Borax 4 drachms, 
Glycerin 2 fl. ounces, Tannin 2 drachms, Alcohol 3 fl. ounces, Rose Water 10 
flounces, mix and dissolve. Apply night and morning. 

4281. Milk of Almonds. — Bitter Almond, Sweet Almond, each 1 ounce, 
Alcohol Glycerin, each, 3 ounces, Oil of Bitter Almonds 30 minims. Water 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1149 

sufficient to make a pint. Blanch the Almonds, beat to a paste, add the 
Glycerin, dissolve the Oil of Almonds in the Alcohol and add, then add 
enough Water to make a pint and strain through cheese cloth to remove the 
coarser particles of Almond. This may also be made by mixing i ]A. ounce 
Expressed Oil of Almond with 8 ounces of Water, in which ]/z ounce of Borax 
has been dissolved and adding to the mixture 3 ounces of Glycerin, and 3 
ounces of Alcohol in which 10 drops of Essential Oil of Almond is dissolved, 
and Water enough to make 1 pint. This is used as a bland application for 
sunburn, tan, etc., also as a vehicle for other medicinal substances. 

4282. Milk of Roses. — This may be made in the same manner as Milk 
of Almond, except that Oil of Rose 1 5 drops, instead of Essential Oil of 
Bitter Almond, and Rose Water instead of Water, are to be used with the 
other ingredients. Another formula is Sweet Almonds, blanched, 4 ounces, 
Rose Water 1 pint, Alcohol 2 ounces, Oil of Rose 20 minims, White Wax, 
Spermaceti, Castile Soap, each, 2 drachms. The Almonds are blanched and 
beat with the Rose Water ; the Wax Soap and Spermaceti are melted 
together by water-bath and the Almond Emulsion is gradually mixed by 
rubbing in a warm mortar with the melted ingredients. The Alcohol in 
which the Oil of Rose is dissolved is then added to the mixture. By using 
Pistachio Nuts instead of Almonds, a finer preparation may be made. 

4283. Lait Virginal. — Tincture of Benzoin l / z ounce, Cologne 2 ounces, 
Glycerin 2 ounces, Rose Water or other Perfumed Water 12 ounces; mix the 
Tincture of Benzoin with the Cologne, and having mixed the Water and 
Glycerin arrange a funnel in such a manner that the latter mixture will fall 
drop by drop into the former, by which process little or no precipitation of 
the resinous matter is formed, but a fine, smooth, milky preparation is pro- 
duced. This is much used as a wash for the complexion. Tincture of 
Myrrh, or Tincture of Tolu, may be used instead of Tincture of Benzoin in 
this preparation. 

4284. Glycerin Lotions. — Quite a variety of preparations are, sold as 
Glycerin Lotions, the most common being Rose Water and Glycerin, equal 
parts of each, mixed ; or two parts of Rose Water to one of Glycerin. Lime 
Juice and Glycerin, usually made with equal parts of Lime Juice, Glycerin 
Rose Water, is also a favorite application for tan and freckles, and is some- 
times applied to the hair. Other Waters may be used instead of Rose Water ; 
Cherry Laurel or Orange Elower Water, making fine preparations. 

4285. Hair Gloss.— Glycerin 12 ounces, Cologne 4 ounces. Mix them. 
Hair Gloss may also be made with Glycerin and Rose Water, or Orange 
Flower Water, mixed equal parts by measure. 



LIP SALVES AND COSMETICS. 
Lip Salves are used for softening the lips, preventing them from 
cra< king, curing sores, etc., and arc sometimes employed to impart 



1150 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

a color to them. The following formulas will suffice. Lip Salves 
are usually put up in small metal, glass or porcelain boxes. 

4286. Lip Salve.— Oil of Sweet Almond 4 ounces. White Wax, Sper- 
maceti, each, 1 ounce, Essential Oil of Almonds, Oil of Bay Leaves, each, 
15 drops. Melt the Wax and Spermaceti together, add the Almond Oil and 
while cooling the Perfuming Oils, and stir constantly until cold. 

4287 Lip Salve.— The foregoing preparation is liable to deteriorate by 
age, this one will keep indefinately and is to be preferred. Petrolatum 8 
ounces, White Wax or Paraffin 1 ]4. ounce, Tannin 1 drachm, Oil of Lavender, 
Oil of Bergamot, each, 1 drachm, Oil of Rose Geranium 2 drachms. Melt 
the Petrolatum and wax together and add the Tannin ; while cooling, add the 
oils and stir until cold. 

4288. Coral Lip Salve. — This may be made by adding to either of the 
foregoing iormulas, 10 grains of Carmine for each ounce of the lip salve. It 
is best reduced to a fine powder in a mortar and then rubbed with a small 
portion of the salve, to a smooth mass, the remainder being gradually mixed 
with it. 



NAIL COSMETICS. 

Powder and ointment for the nails is sometimes called for as 
toilet preparations, and may readily be made by druggists. 

4289. Nail or Manicure Powder.— This is for polishing, smoothing and 
cleaning the nails. Pumice Stone, in powder, 8 ounces, Powdered French 
Chalk 2 ounces, Carmine No. 40, in powder, 1 drachm, Bulk Perfume, Rose 
or Violet y 2 ounce. 

4290. Nail or Manicure Salve.— This is for softening the nails, curing 
hang nails, etc. Petrolatum 1 ounce, Castile Soap, in powder, 1 drachm, Oil 
of Bergamot 10 drops, or other more expensive perfuming Oils if desired. 
Mix them thoroughly. This is to be applied at night and the fingers covered 
with gloves. 



PERFUMES FOR THE HANDKERCHIEF. 

Handkerchief Extracts, or "Perfumes" as they are popularly 
called, are kept by nearly all druggists and constitute quite an im- 
portant part of their trade. It will be inexpedient in this volume to 
give anything but a brief outline of the manner of making them, 
and a very few formulas for the more popular odors. They are 
made by but few druggists, — not because they are difficult to make, 
but because it is difficult and expensive to obtain the material requi- 
site to manufacture them. The following are the extracts, essences, 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1151 

etc., necessary to be made and kept on hand for the manufacture of 
perfumes. The processes are adapted to the conveniences always 
at hand. Perfume Laboratories are supplied with machinery for 
the purpose. 

CLASS A. 

Extracts of Flowers from Pomades. 

The Pomades used for making these Extracts are prepared by 
Eufleurage (see page 645), and may be obtained of perfumers and 
New- York jobbers. They cost from $2.00 to $2.50 per pound, some 
of them, as Violet, costing much more. 

4291. To make Triple Extracts from Pomades.— First. Take equal 
parts, by weight, of the required Pomade and the strongest Cologne Spirit 
(Deodorized Alcohol). Divide the Pomade into three equal parts, and put 
one part (one-third) of the Pomade and all of the Cologne Spirit in a glass 
or copper jar that will hold double the quantity, and can be stopped air-tight. 
(An ordinary glass fruit jar is just the thing for small quantities.) 

Put the jar in a water-bath, and keep at only a moderate heat (just sufficient 
to keep the Pomade melted) for three or four days, agitating frequentjy, then 
remove from the water-bath, cool, and pour the liquid extract from the 
Pomade. This product may be termed the Single Extract. 

Second. Take another part (one-third) of the fresh Pomade, and macerate 
it in the same manner as before, with the Extract which has been obtained 
from the first maceration. This product may be termed the Double Extract. 

Third. Take the remaining third of the fresh Pomade, and macerate it in 
the same manner as before, with the product of the previous macerations. 

When this maceration is completed, surround the jar containing the Pomade 
and Extract with ice, that all particles of fatty matter may be congealed. 
When thoroughly cold, pour off the Extract, straining through a little cotton 
wool into bottles, and keep closely stopped. 

This constitutes the Triple Extract, and is the finest and strongest Extract 
that can be obtained. 

The Pomade that remains after the Extract has been poured off may be 
again treated in a similar manner with Fresh Cologne Spirit, and the product 
will be a very fine Extract, but not as strong as the first. It will, perhaps, 
about correspond to the Single Extract, which may be used for another batch, 
or for making Colognes or cheap Perfumes. 

After the Pomade has been thus successively treated, it is called Washed 
Pomade, and is very good for making Cosmetics and Pomades for the hair. 

The following list embraces the Extracts made in the manner described, 
from Pomades readily obtainable in the market. 

4292. Triple Extract Cassie or Acacia. — From Cassie Pomade. 

4293. Triple Extract Jasmine.— From Jasmine Pomade. 



1152 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

4294. Triple Extract Orange Flowers.— From Orange Flower Pomade. 

4295. Triple Extract Rose. — From Rose Pomade. 

4296. Triple Extract Tuberose.— From Tuberose Pomade. 

4297. Triple Extract Violet.— From Violet Pomade. 

Others may be made in the same manner. 

The Extracts as thus prepared, are used only for combinations. They 
require something to give them permanence before putting up for sale, and 
Handkerchief Extracts of the same name contain such additions. 

CLASS B. 

Essences from Essential Oils. 

These are simply solutions of the best quality of Ottos or Essen- 
tial Oils, in the strongest Cologne Spirit (deodorized Alcohol). 

They are chiefly used in combining with other perfumes, and they 
should be kept on hand, prepared in small quantities ready for use. 

{ Oil of Bitter Almonds 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 

\ Oil of Bergamot 1 part, 

I Cologne Spirit 9 parts. 

i Oil of Cassia, 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 

) Oil of Cloves 1 part, 

/. Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 

\ Oil of Lavender, English, . . . 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit 9 parts. 

\ Oil of Lemon, 1 part, 

I Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 

\ Oil of Lemon-grass, 1 part, 

I Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 

S Oil of Neroli (Bigarade), . . . . 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit, 15 parts. 

) Oil of Orange Peel 1 part, 

t. Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 



4298. Essence Almond. — 

4299. Essence Bergamot. 

4300. Essence Cassia. — 

4301. Essence Cloves. — 

4302. Essence Lavender.- 

4303. Essence Lemon.— 

4304. Essence Lemon-grass or Verbena. 

4305. Essence Neroli. - 

4306. Essence Orange.— 



4307. Essence Patchouly. 



J Oil of Patchouly 1 part, 

I Cologne Spirit, 20 parts. 

_ _ _, \ Oil of Rose (best Kissanlik) . . . . 1 part, 
4308. Essence Rose.— , _ , „ . . , 

H > Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 



4309. Essence Rose Geranium. 



\ Oil Rose Geranium, . . . 1 part, 
( Cologne Spirit, ... 20 parts. 



\ Oil of Rosemary 1 part, 

4310. Essence Rosemary.— . J 

' Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1153 

_ _ , . \ Oil Santalwood (true), i part, 

431 1. Essence Santal.— . „ , „ . . v 

( Cologne Spirit, 20 parts. 

„ „, , T , ) Oil Ylang Ylang 1 part, 

4312. Essence YlaHg Ylang.— '> „ , ° . . , 

^ s s \ Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 

CLASS C. 

Extracts or Tinctures from Odorous Substances. 

These are Extracts or Tinctures of Odorous Substances that are 
used in Perfumes, chiefly to give permanence to the more volatile 
odors. They should be kept on hand ready to combine as desired. 
Most of them require long maceration to extract their odorous 
principle. 

4313. Extract Ambergris.— \ ' a ' .' ' , ' 
^° ° & / Cologne Spirit 60 parts. 

Rub the Ambergris fine and macerate for thirty days in warm place, in 

a tightly stopped bottle. 



4314. Extract Angelica.- 



( Angelica Root (true) 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit, 4 parts. 

Reduce the Angelica Root to coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days, 
with the Cologne Spirit. Press out and filter. 

4315. Extract Civet.-] Civet,. I part, 

( Cologne Spirit, ........ 60 parts. 

Macerate for thirty days in a tightly stopped bottle in a warm place. 

r Fine Grain Musk, 2 parts, 

4316. Extract Musk.— 1 Carbonate of Potassium 1 part, 

( Cologne Spirit, 120 parts. 

Macerate for thirty days in a warm place in a tightly stopped bottle. 

4317- Extract Musk Root or Sumbul.- j Sumbul Root ' ■ • J P art ' 

' Cologne Spirit, . . 4 parts. 

Reduce the Musk Root to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days. 

Express and filter. 

4318. Extract Musk Seed or Ambrette.— \ Musk Seed ' " ' l part ' 

( Cologne Spirit, . 4 parts. 
Macerate for thirty days. Express and filter. 

r Orris Root 3 parts, 

4319. Extract Orris or Violet.— •' Cologne Spirit enough to 

'. make 4 parts. 

Reduce the Orris Root to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days 
with four parts of Cologne Spirit, then transfer to a percolator and percolate, 
adding fresh Spirit through the percolator until four parts are obtained. This 
is much used as a substitute for Violet. 

4320. Extract Tonqua.- } JojiquaBeans 1 part, 

' < ologne Spirit 9 parts. 

Cut the beans fine, crush, and macerate for thirty days. 



1154- TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

_ . t ,. ... \ Vanilla i part, 

4321. Extract Vanilla.— }_,'.. F 

f Cologne Spirit, 9 parts. 

Cut the Vanilla in fine pieces and rub with White Sand to a coarse powder, 
add the Cologne Spirit and macerate for thirty days in a warm place. 

JWild Ginger (Canada Snake 
Root), 1 part, 
. Cologne Spirit, 4 parts. 

Reduce the drug to a coarse powder, and macerate for thirty days in the 
Cologne Spirit. Express and filter. 

Balsam Peru, Tolu, Benzoin, Styrax, and some other odoriferous bodies 
are also used in perfumes, but no special extract need be prepared of them, 
1 part to 9 of Cologne Spirit being used to make an extract or tincture. 

The druggist will, of course, make up these preparations in such quantities 
only as his trade demands, but it is best to have some of each kind on hand. 
The Citrine Oils, Bergamot, Lemon and Orange, change quickly if not dis- 
solved in spirit, and it will be found advantageous to dissolve these, while 
fresh, in Cologne Spirit, and keep them in this way. 



ODORS OF FLOWERS, 

Or Handkerchief Extracts. 



Having now prepared the elements, as they may be termed, of 
Perfumery (Classes A, B and C), the druggist may prepare any com- 
bination that may be desired. The formulas which follow are for 
those which have the most sale on the market, and which time has 
demonstrated to be good and salable perfumes. There may be of 
course as many combinations of odors as there are stars in the 
heavens : but it is not best to encourage a multiplicity of odors, but 
rather a familiarity with a few good ones, which will soon come to 
be favorites with the customers of the druggist. 

Since the introduction of bulk perfumes, many old and favorite 
odors have gone out of use, and many new ones come in. No 
standard has yet been established for many of the newly-named 
perfumes, and they are put up as the fancy of the fabricateur and 
the harmony of odors may direct. 

The formulae which follow make only the best grade or quality of 
perfumes. If the druggist desires to make cheaper goods, any of 
these may be diluted with Cologne Spirit to meet the desired cost. 
And in fact this is much better than to try to make them cheaper by 
using inferior material, because, although they may be weak, they 
will preserve their purity and delicacy of odor. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AXD PERFUMES. 1155 

For other combinations our readers are referred to more elaborate 
works on the subject, and to the published formulas from reliable 
sources. 

The essences, extracts, etc., which are directed to be used in the 
formulas are those which are given in the foregoing classes. 

4323. Essence Bouquet — Esprit de Botiquet. — Essence Rose 8 parts, 
Essence Lemon 1 part, Essence Bergamot, Extract Orris, each, 4 parts, Ex- 
tract Ambergris, Essence Santal, each, 1 part. Mix. 

4324. Extract Frangipanni. — Essence Neroli, Essence Rose, each, 2 
parts, Essence Santal, Essence Cassia, Essence Rose Geranium, each, 1 part, 
Extract Musk, Extract Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, Triple Extract 
Tuberose, Triple Extract Orange Flowers, each, 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 
parts. Mix. 

4325. Extract Jockey Club. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Tube- 
rose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Cassie, Triple Extract Jasmine, each, 2 
parts, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, 
Essence Rose 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 

4326. Extract Lily of the Valley. — Triple Extract Tuberose 8 parts, 
Triple Extract Jasmine 1 part, Triple Extract Orange Flower, Triple Ex- 
tract Cassie 2 parts, Triple Extract Rose 4 parts, Essence Ylang Ylang 1 part, 
Essence Almonds X part, Extract Vanilla 3 parts, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. 
Mix. 

4327. Extract Musk. — Extract Musk 10 parts, Extract Civet, Extract 
Ambergris, Extract Musk Seed, each, 4 parts, Essence Rose 3 parts, Extract 
Wild Ginger 1 part, Cologne Spirit 5 to 20 parts, according to strength de- 
sired. Mix. 

4328. Extract Night Blooming Cereus. — Triple Extract Rose 8 parts, 
Triple Extract Orange Flower 2 parts, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Extract 
Vanilla 2 parts, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Musk, Extract Civet, each, 1 
part, Essence Almond T V part, Tincture Benzoin ^$ part. Mix. 

4329. Extract Mary Stewart. — Triple Extract Rose 3 parts, Triple 
Extract Cassie 1 part, Triple Extract Tuberose 2 parts, Essence Rose 3 parts, 
Essence Ylang "Slang 2 parts, Essence Rose Geranium 2 parts, Essence Orange 
X part, Extract Orris 2 parts, Extract Musk 1 part, Extract Ambergris 1 
part. Tincture Benzoin, Extract Tonqua, each, % part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. 
Mix. 

4330. Extract Ilang-Ilang, or Ylang- Ylang. — Essence Ylang-Ylang S 
parts, Essence Rose 2 parts, Extract Orris 2 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine, 
Extract Musk, Essence Orange, each 1 part. Mix. 

4331. Extract Ocean Spray, or Sea Breeze.— Triple Extract Jasmine, 
Triple Extract Cassia, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Rose 6 parts, Essence 
Bergamot, Essence Lavender, each, 3 parts, Essence Santal 1 part, Extract 
Ambergris, Extract Civet, each, 1 part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 



1156 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

4332. Extract Patchouly. — Essence Patchouly 8 parts, Essence Rose, 
Essence Rose Geranium, each, 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 4 parts. Mix. 

4333. Extract Wild Olive.— Triple Extract Rose 8 parts, Triple Extract 
Jasmine, Triple Extract Violet, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Cassie 2 parts, 
Essence Rose 4 parts, Essence Ylang Ylang 2 parts, Extract Musk, Essence 
Ambergris, each, l / 2 part, Cologne Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 

4334. Extract White Rose. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Violet 
(or Extract Orris), Essence Rose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine 2 
parts, Essence Patchouly 1 part. Mix. This may be diluted with 4 parts of 
Cologne Spirit if desired. 

4335. Extract Stephanotis. — Triple Extract Cassie, Triple Extract 
Tuberose, each, 4 parts, Triple Extract Jasmine 2 parts, Essence Rose 3 
parts, Extract Musk, Extract Tonqua, Essence Neroli, each, 2 parts, Extract 
Orris 8 parts, Extract Wild Ginger 1 part, Tincture Benzoin 1 part, Cologne 
Spirit 5 parts. Mix. 

4336. Extract Upper Ten. — Triple Extract Rose, Triple Extract Jas- 
mine, Triple Extract Violet (or Extract Orris), each, 6 parts, Extract Musk 4 
parts, Cologne Spirit 6 parts. Mix. 

4337« Extract Violet — Finest. — Triple Extract of Violet) from pomade) 
16 parts, Triple Extract Cassie 3 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Tincture Tolu 
1 part, Tincture Vanilla 1 part, Cologne Spirit 6 parts. Mix. 

4338. Extract Violet — Good. — A good Extract of Violet, such as is 
ordinarily sold, may be made with Triple Extract Cassie 2 parts, Triple Ex- 
tract Rose, Triple Extract Tuberose, each, 1 part, Extract Orris 6 parts, 
Essence Almonds ^ part, Tincture Tolu 1 part, Cologne Spirit 3 parts. Mix. 

The formulas given for handkerchief extracts are merely sample formulas 
representative of combinations that are popular on the market. A great 
variety of other odors by various names are found, and may be made by 
druggists by combining various extracts, essences, etc. 



COLOGNES AND TOILET WATERS. 

Colognes are fragrant compounds of much less strength and per- 
manence of odor than the foregoing Extracts. 

In addition to their legitimate use as toilet waters, they now take 
the place, to a large extent, of the cheaper grades of perfume that 
were formerly sold. 

As with the Handkerchief Extracts, the combinations that may 
be made are almost infinite, though but few have ever met with 
great public favor. 

The formulas which follow represent those most widely known 
and esteemed as Colognes; but, as any of the Handkerchief Extracts 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1157 

may be made into Colognes, by following the " General Cologne 
Formula," the druggist may choose such as suits his fancy, and have 
as large a variety as he pleases. 

Colognes prepared from the Handkerchief Extracts may also be 
put up as cheap perfumes ; the grades that the druggist wishes to 
prepare may be regulated by the amount of Cologne Spirit added. 

For second grade perfumes, taking Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne 
Spirit i part. 

For third grade perfumes, taking Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne 
Spirit 2 parts, and for Colognes, the following General Cologne Formula : 
Handkerchief Extract i part, Cologne Spirit 3 parts, Water (distilled) * q. s. 

Mix the Extract with two and a half parts of the Cologne Spirit, and add 
Water gradually until, when shaken up, it remains, after standing a short 
time, just a trifle cloudy or milky, then add the balance of the Cologne Spirit, 
and set away for a month or more before using. 

These Colognes may be named from the Extracts of which they are made, 
as White Rose Cologne, Marie Stewart Cologne, Upper Ten Cologne, etc., 
and the druggist may have no lack of cheaper grades of perfumes and 
Colognes by following these directions. 

4339- Farina Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence Neroli 1 
part, Essence Lavender 2 parts, Essence Lemon 2 parts, Essence Orange 2 
parts, Essence Cloves 1 part, Essence Cassia 1 part, Essence Rose 2 parts, 
Essence Rose Geranium 1 part, Triple Extract Jasmine 6 parts, Extract 
Angelica 1 part, Extract Orris 3 parts, Extract Musk Seed 2 parts, Essence 
Nutmeg 1 part, Essence Spearmint 2 parts, Essence Cedrat, 2 parts, Essence 
Thyme %. part, Essence Cajeput X P art > Cologne Spirit 400 parts, Distilled 
Water 60 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, and gradu- 
ally add the Water. If it should remain milky after the addition of the 
Water, add enough Cologne Spirit to clear. 

4340. Floral Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence Cassia 4 
parts, Essence Orange 6 parts, Essence Lavender 2 parts, Essence Lemon 6 
parts, Essence Santal 2 parts, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Essence Rose Geran- 
ium 4 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Extract Tonqua 2 parts, Extract Amber- 
gris 2 parts, Cologne Spirit 300 parts, Rose Water 50 parts. Mix the 
Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, and gradually add the Rose Water. 
If milky after standing, add enough Cologne Spirit to make clear. 

4341. German Cologne, A. I. — Essence Rose Geranium 8 parts, Essence 
Orange 10 parts, Essence Cassia 6 parts, Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence 
Cloves 1 part, Essence Neroli 2 parts, Essence Lavender 4 parts, Essence 



* If Rose Water or Oranpe Flower Water is added Instead of Distilled Water, the 
.mm be finer. Rose Water may be used with all Extracts, but Orangi 

Water is preferable in thoa pounds which contain Triple Extract < >range Flowers or 

Neroli, 



11;")8 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

Rose 4 parts. Essence Verbena 2 parts, Essence Santal 4 parts, Extract Am- 
bergris 1 part, Extract Musk 1 part, Tincture Cardamom 1 part, Cologne 
Spirit 300 parts, Rose Water 50 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with the 
Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and then if milky, enough 
more Cologne Spirit to make clear. 

4342. German Cologne, 2d. — Essence Bergamot 10 parts, Essence 
Lemon 6 parts, Essence Orange 6 parts, Essence Rosemary 6 parts, Essence 
Cassia 4 parts, Extract Orris 4 parts, Extract Tonqua 2 parts, Extract Musk 
Seed 4 parts. Extract Angelica 1 part, Extract Wild Ginger 2 parts, Tincture 
Benzoin 1 part, Cologne Spirit 400 parts, Rose Water 60 parts. Mix the 
Essences, etc., with the Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and 
if milky, enough more Cologne Spirit to make clear. 

4343. Lavender Cologne, or Water. — Essence Lavender 3 parts, Es- 
sence Lemon 2 parts, Essence Cassia 1 part, Essence Cloves 1 part, Essence 
Santal 1 part, Cologne Spirit 60 parts, Water 10 parts. Mix the Essences 
with the Cologne Spirit, add the Water gradually, and then enough Cologne 
Spirit to clear, if milky. 

4344. Musk Cologne. — Essence Bergamot 2 parts, Essence Lavender 2 
parts, Essence Lemon 4 parts, Essence Neroli, 1 part, Extract Musk 4 parts, 
Cologne Spirit 60 parts, Rose Water 10 parts. Mix the Essences, etc., with 
the Cologne Spirit, add the Rose Water gradually, and then enough Cologne 
Spirit to make clear, if milky. 

4345' White Rose Cologne. — Oil Neroli Bigarade 1 drachm, Oil Neroli, 
Petit grain, l / z drachm, Oil Bergamot 2 drachms, Oil Patchouly 1 drachm, Oil 
Rose 3 drachms, Extract Musk 2 ounces, Tincture Tolu 2 ounces, Cologne 
Spirit 7 pints, Rose Water 1 pint. Dissolve the Oils in the Spirit, and add 
the Rose Water, let stand 30 days, and filter. 

4346. Hoyt's German Cologne. — The following formula has been pub- 
lished as similar to Hoyt's German Cologne : Oil Bergamot 1 ounce, Oil 
Lemon 1 ounce, Oil Neroli X ounce, Oil Santal Wood y 2 ounce, Camphor 20 
grains, Cologne Spirit 7 pints, Rose Water 1 pint. Mix and let stand a 
month, then filter. 

4347. Florida Water. — Oil of Lavender Flowers, English, 6 fl.drachms, 
Oil of Bergamot 2 fl.drachms, Oil of Lemon 1 >£ fl.drachm, Oil of Cloves 20 
minims, Oil of Cassia 10 minims, Oil of Orange 30 minims, Essence Rose 60 
minims, Essence Neroli 10 minims, Cologne Spirit 15 fi. ounces. Mix them. 

4348. Violet Water. — This may be made by diluting Extract of Violet 
with 4 parts of Cologne Spirit. Other Toilet Waters may be made in the 
same general manner. 

4349. Other Colognes and Toilet Waters may be made by the general 
formula. They may be made as the fancy of the maker may select, and may 
be made stronger or weaker as may be desired, to correspond with the trade 
for which thev are made. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1159 

SACHET POWDERS. 

A great variety of Sachet Powders may be made by adding to an 
Aromatic Base, composed of Ground Roots, Barks, Woods, Flowers, 
Leaves, etc., Bulk Perfumes or Essential Oils. A few formulas for 
the best selling powders are given here, and others may be made 
in the same general way. 

4350. General Base for Sachet Powder.— Orris Root, in coarse pow- 
der, 1 pound, Santal Wood, ground, 4 ounces, Vanilla Beans, ground or cut 
fine, 1 ounce, Rose Leaves, (flowers,) ground, 6 ounces, Extract Musk, % 
ounce, Extract Civet, )A ounce. Mix them well together. To make any 
variety of Sachet Powder, add to 8 ounces of this 1 ounce of the Bulk Per- 
fume, of the kind desired and mix them thoroughly. 

The following are formulas for those most popular : 

4351. Frangipani Sachet. — Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Ground Vitivert %. 
lb., Ground Santal % pound, Ground Vanilla Beans % pound, Ground Ton- 
quin Beans 2 ounces, Oil Neroli 60 minims, Oil Santal 40 minims, Oil Berga- 
mot 60 minims, Oil French Geranium 60 minims, Otto Rose 30 minims. 
Extract Musk 1 ounce, Extract Civet % ounce. Mix well. 

4352. Heliotrope Sachet.— Powdered Orris 2% pounds, Ground Rose 
Leaves 1 pound, Ground Vanilla Beans 6 ounces, Ground Tonquin Beans 4 
ounces, Extract Musk lyi ounces, Extract Civet yi, ounce, Essential Oil of 
Almonds 7 minims. Mix. 

4353. Rose Sachet.— Powdered Orris j£ pound, Ground Rose Leaves 1 >£ 
lbs., Ground Santal Wood 4 ounces, Ground Patchouly 2 ounces, Extract 
Civet yi ounce, Oil French Geranium 30 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims. Mix. 

4354. Jockey Club Sachet.— Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Ground Santal 
Wood Yz pound, Oil Bergamot 1 ounce, Otto Rose 30 minims, Extract Musk 2 
ounces, Extract Civet 1 ounce. 

4355. Essence Bouquet Sachet.— Powdered Orris 4 pounds, Ground 
Cassie Leaves (Flowers) 1 pound, Ground Rose Leaves (Flowers) 1 pound, 
Ground Vanilla Beans 3 ounces, Essence Bergamot 1 ounce, Essence Lemon 

1 ounce, Oil French Geranium 60 minims, Extract Musk 2 ounces, Extract 
Ambergris >£ ounce. 

4356. Ylang-Ylang Sachet.— Ground Rose Leaves 1 pound, Ground 
Cassie Leaves 1 pound, Ground Pimento % pound, Ground Tonquin Beans 

2 ounces, Ground Vanilla Beans 2 ounces, Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Oil 
Pimento 60 minims, Oil Bergamot 120 minims, Oil French Geranium 60 
minims, Oil Ylang-Ylang 120 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims, Extract Musk 1 
ounce, Extract Civet ]/% ounce, < aim Benzoin (Ground) 1 ounce. Mix. 

4357. Violet Sachet.— Powdered Orris 3 pounds, Essence Bergamot 30 
minims, Essential Oil of Almonds 20 minims, Otto Rose 20 minims, Extract 
Musk 1 ounce. Mix. 



1160 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

4358. Pot Pouri for Rose Jars. — Mixtures of Rose Leaves, etc., for 
filling Rose Jars are now considerably used. A favorite mixture for this pur- 
pose is as follows : Rose Leaves (Flowers) whole, 1 pound, Patchouly Leaves 
4 ounces, Violet Flowers 4 ounces, Vanilla, cut fine, y* ounce, Cinnamon, in 
coarse powder, x / 2 ounce, Orris Root, in coarse powder, 4 ounces, Allspice, 
in coarse powder, yi ounce, Cloves, in coarse powder, % ounce, Oil Bergamot 
yi. ounce, Musk Extract 1 ounce. Mix the Oil and Musk Extract thoroughly 
with the powdered drugs, and then with the Leaves, etc. By grinding the 
Leaves, etc., to a coarse powder, this may be used as a Sachet Powder ; other 
combinations may be made in the same manner, by using other flowers, etc., 
in combination, as Lavender, Vitivert, etc. 



SMELLING SALTS OR PUNGENTS. 

The sale of Smelling Salts, or " Pungents," which, for a time was 
quite limited, has again revived. The following formulas make 
satisfactory preparations: 

4359. Pungent Smelling Salts. — If something fine is desired without 
regard to cost this is recommended : Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed into 
a coarse powder, 6 ounces, Sal Ammoniac, granulated, 1 ounce, Pure Potash 
(Caustic Potash), crushed fine, 2 ounces, Orris Root, in coarse powder, 
4 ounces, Lemon Peel, in coarse powder, Rosmary Leaves, in coarse powder, 
Lavender Flowers, in coarse powder, each, 1 ounce, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cala- 
mus, each, in powder, yi ounce, Oil of Bergamot l /z ounce, Oil of Lemon 2 
drachms, Extract of Musk or Civet ^ ounce, Stronger Water of Ammonia 
Yz ounce. Mix them well together. 

4360. Smelling Salts. — A more common article may be made as follows : 
Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed to a coarse powder, 1 2 ounces, Powdered 
Orris 4 ounces, Powdered Cloves, Powdered Cassia, Powdered Calamus, each, 
1 ounce, Stronger Water of Ammonia 1 ounce, Oil of Bergamot yi ounce, 
Oil of Lavender X ounce. Mix them. 

4361. Preston's Salts. — Carbonate of Ammonium, crushed, 4 ounces, 
stronger Water of Ammonia %. ounce, Oil of Cloves, Oil of Lavender, Oil 
of Bergamot, each 10 drops. Mix them well together. 

4362. Smelling Salts. — Extemporaneous. — By crushing Carbonate of 
Ammonium, and adding to each ounce 30 drops of Stronger Water of 
Ammonia, and 30 drops of Bulk Perfume. 

4363. Vinegarettes. — These are employed like smelling bottles and for 
similar purposes. Any inert Aromatic substance, as Orris or a mixture of 
Aromatic powdered drugs, may be saturated with Glacial Acetic Acid with 
which one-fourth the quantity of Bulk Perfume is mixed. The Toilet Vine- 
gars mentioned further on, may also be employed for the same purpose. 



TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 1161 

TOILET SOAPS. 

Toilet Soaps are seldom made except by experienced soap makers. 
The bases of Toilet Soaps are the common hard soaps referred to 
under the article on soaps, page 738. For making the finer grades 
of Toilet Soaps these are shaved, " milled " or ground, and mixed 
as may best be suited for the required product, and the perfuming 
Oils and ingredients worked into them. The mass is then slightly 
moistened if necessary and made up into the required quantity for 
cakes, and pressed in a dye into the shape desired by means of a 
strong press. 

The cheaper Toilet Soaps are made in the same manner as is 
directed for making Hard Soaps in the article referred to, but are 
more or less perfumed with essential Oils or odorous substances. 

An infinite variety of Toilet Soaps are supplied by soap makers, 
and druggists may themselves make them by securing the proper 
appliances. The perfumes for the soaps depend upon the price at 
which they are to sell, and may be selected from the formulas 
already given for bouquets of different kinds, and from the essential 
Oils suitable for the purpose. Glycerin in small quantities is fre- 
quently added to Toilet Soaps, and they are variously colored with 
harmless ingredients to suit the taste or caprice of the manufacturer. 

As so great a variety of Toilet Soaps are required, and so few 
make them, it would be inexpedient to give formulas for them here. 



TOILET VINEGARS. 

A class of preparations for the toilet called Aromatic Vinegars 
have a limited sale. They are chjpfiy used after bathing and wash- 
ing the hands and face to impart a freshness to the skin, and for 
their agreeable odor. The following formulas will suffice 

4364. Aromatic Vinegar.— Glacial Acetic Acid 8 ounces, Cologne Spirit 
4 ounces, Camphor, in small pieces, 1 ounce, Oil of Cloves 45 minims, Oil of 
Rosmary 30 minims, Oil of Bergamot, Oil of Cinnamon, Oil of Lavender, Oil 
of Pimento, Oil of Neroli, each, 15 minims. Mix, let stand until the ingredi- 
ents are dissolved, and filter. 

4365. Aromatic Vinegar.— This may also be made by mixing any kind 
of Hulk Perfume with the other ingredients instead of the essential Oils, as : 
Glacial Acetic Acid 8 ounces, Cologne Spirit 2 ounces, Camphor 1 ounce, 
Bulk Perfume or Cologne (as desired), 2 ounces. Mix, dissolve and filter. 

To use these Vinegars a small quantity is added to a bowl of Water, and 
usually applied with a soft sponge. 



1162 TOILET PREPARATIONS AND PERFUMES. 

TOILET WATERS. 

Toilet Waters as they are known in the market are not as their 
name would indicate, Waters, but solution of essential Oils or odor- 
ous principles in Alcohol or a partly Alcoholic liquid, prepared 
either by solution or distillation. These are known as Eau de 
Cologne, Eau de Lavande, Eau de Violette, etc., and have been 
noticed under Perfumes and other headings. The name is also ap- 
plied in a general way to perfumed Waters and spirits made by dis- 
tilling herbs and odorous substances, with Water or a diluted Alco- 
holic liquid; but as these have been already noticed under other 
headings, as Aquae, Spiritus, etc., further formulae will be unneces- 
sary. 

The foregoing formulas comprise most of the Toilet Preparations 
and Perfumes that are popular or on the market, and all that it is 
expedient or desirable for druggists to prepare. If it is intended to 
engage extensively in the manufacture of perfumes and like articles, 
many other formulas would be required, for which the reader is re- 
ferred to comprehensive works on perfumery, soap making, etc. 



PART VI. 
MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA 



The formulae which follow for miscellaneous preparations, often 
required in the druggist's business, are, as far as possible, arranged 
in classes according to their uses. Only a limited number of such 
formulas can be given in the space which is devoted to this subject, 
and we have endeavored to select such as are best suited for the 
purpose. 



ADHESIVE PREPARATIONS. 
Cements. 

These are generally to be applied to the edges of the articles to 
be mended, previously warmed, and they are then to be held or 
bound together with twine or otherwise until the cement hardens. 
The cements have to be warmed also. 

4366. Diamond Cement.— Gelatin 1 ounce, Water 5 ounces, Gum Mastic 
i l / 2 drachms, Gum Ammoniac }i drachm, Alcohol 2j4 ounces. Dissolve the 
Gelatin in the Water and continue the heat until the solution has evaporated 
to about 3 fl. ounces; have the gums previously dissolved in the Alcohol, and 
to this solution, heated to nearly boiling, add the hot solution of Gelatin, and 
mix them thoroughly. Put up in small bottles tightly stopped. 

This cement may be used for china or glass ware, and for attaching wood, 
ivory, jewels, metallic substances, etc. 

4367. Glutina Cement — For glass, china, wood, leather, etc. — Gelatin, 
Cooper's or Cox's, 3 ounces, Acetic Acid 2 ounces, Carbolic Acid 5 grains, 
Oil of Cloves 5 minims, Water, enough to make 1 pint. Soak the Gelatin in 
half a pint of Water for 4 hours, then heat by water-bath in a glass or porce- 
lain vessel, add the Acids, dissolve, add the Oil of Cloves and sufficient hot 
Water to make a pint, and strain. 

4368. Insoluble or Chrome Cement —For glass and china. — This 
cement, which is impervious to hot Water, should be freshly made when 
wanted for use. Gelatin, in small pieces, 1 drachm, Hot Water %. ounce, 

1163 



1164 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 

Bichromate of Potassium 1 5 grains. Dissolve the Gelatin in the Water con- 
tained in a small bottle by means of a water-bath, and while hot add the 
Bichromate of Potassium and apply as soon as possible, binding the pieces 
firmly together and setting in the sunlight. The Gelatin and Chrome Salt 
form an insoluble compound. 

4369. Transparent Cement — For china, glass, etc. — Mix in a well- 
stopped bottle 20 parts of Chloroform and 25 parts of native India Rubber, 
or Caoutchouc, cut in small pieces ; when dissolved add 5 parts of Mastic and 
let the whole macerate for 8 or 10 days, shaking daily, then strain quickly 
through very thin cotton cloth. This makes a very firm Transparent Cement 
for china and glass, and may be used for other purposes. 

4370. India Rubber Cement or Glue — For rubber, etc. — Dissolve 
Gutta Percha chips or sheet in Bisulphide of Carbon until the solution has 
the consistence of thick syrup, and strain the mixture with pressure quickly, 
through a thin cotton cloth. To use this on rubber shave down the edges to 
be cemented thin, apply the cement freely and warm the parts for a moment, 
join together and press, clamp or hammer down to hold them firmly until 
dry. 

4371. Aquarium Cement.— Water Lime or Portland Cement, Marble 
Dust or White Sand, Litharge, each, 4 ounces, Powdered Resin l / z ounce. 
Mix the powders and make into a putty with boiled Linseed Oil just before 
using. 

4372. Cement for Lamps. — Plaster of Paris wet up with glue Water is 
generally used, but a more permanent Cement may be made by dissolving 1 
ounce of concentrated Lye in 5 ounces of Water, adding 3 ounces of pow- 
dered Resin, and boiling them together 5 to 10 minutes. Then to make the 
Cement, just before using mix Plaster of Paris up with this solution to the 
proper consistence and apply. 

4373- Amber Cement. — To cement or join amber, paint the edges to be 
united with boiled Linseed Oil, press firmly together and v/arm for some time 
at a degree of heat not high enough to melt the amber. 

4374. To join Glass to Metal. — To cement glass, porcelain, earthenware 
or other hard substances to metal, melt a little shellac and join the substances 
with it while it is melted. 

4375. Metal Cement.— An excellent cement for metallic substances may 
be made by dissolving shellac to saturation in Water glass, by the aid of heat. 

4376. Rubber Tire Cement. — A cement for Rubber Tire bicycles and 
other similar uses may be made by dissolving India Rubber 1 part in suffici- 
ent Naphtha, by the aid of gentle heat of water-bath, and when melted add- 
ing 2 parts of Shellac, and melting them together, by water-bath, the naphtha 
is evaporated. Pour the melted mass on metal plates or run in sticks. 
When used the parts are to be well warmed and the cement heated and 
applied like sealing wax. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS. 1165 

Glues. 

Glues are prepared from glue, gelatin, etc., and are used for join- 
ing substances like wood, ivory, leather, etc., together, and for many 
other purposes. Some are prepared in solid form, requiring to be 
melted before using, and others are made to remain liquid by the 
addition of various substances. See also Gelatin, page 513, and 
Liquid Glue, page 514, and Tungstic Glue, page 967. 

4377- Glue, Ordinary. — This is prepared by melting Glue in Water by 
the means of a glue pot or water-bath. It is made of different consistence 
for various purposes, more or less Water being used as required. It must be 
applied hot and the surfaces to be joined well bound together until dry. 

4378. Liquid Glue. — Glue may be first made liquid by melting in Water 
as above, and then adding Alcohol 1 ounce to about 3 ounces of Glue, used 
while still liquid, but most Liquid Glue is prepared with Acid, either Acetic 
or Nitric as directed, page 514. It may be made of any desired consistence, 
by using more or less Glue. A little Oil of Sassafras or Cloves is generally 
used to prevent moulding. 

A good Liquid Glue for bottling may be made with good Glue 1 pound, 
dissolved by means of a water-bath in Water 1 pint in a porcelain vessel, and 
when dissolved gradually adding 5 ounces Nitric Acid, with constant stirring, 
or good Glue s l / 2 ounces, Acetic Acid 5J4 ounces, Oil Sassafras 15 drops, 
Water, enough to make a pint, made in the same manner. 

4379. Water-Proof Glue — Marine Glue. — This is prepared by dissolv- 
ing separately in a sufficient quantity of pure Ether, 3 parts of Shellac and 1 
part of India Rubber, and, when dissolved, mixing the solutions and keeping 
in tightly stopped bottles. This is insoluble either in hot or cold Water, 
Acids, etc. 

Another kind of Glue which will resist moisture, etc., may be made by add- 
ing a solution of Sandarach, Mastic and Turpentine Gum, each equal parts 
in Alcohol 16 parts, to Ordinary Glue or Gelatin melted in Water. The 
quantity to be used depends upon the purpose for which it is required, about 
1 ounce to 2 ounces of Glue in a pint being the proportion for ordinary uses. 

4380. Elastic or Mouth Glue.— This is prepared by dissolving good Glue 
in an equal quantity of Water, and adding to it one half as much Glycerin, 
and one fourth as much sugar as was used of the Glue. This is run into 
small pieces and may be moistened and applied to paper or other light sub- 
stances. 

4381. Pad Glue.— This is now extensively used for the backs of pads of 
paper to fasten the leaves together, and for other similar purposes. Glue %, 
pound, Water '.- pint, Acetic Acid 1 ounce, Glycerin 2 ounces, Aniline red, 
green, blue, or other fdlur as desired, 1 drachm, or sufficient to color. Make 
the Glue in the usual manner by melting in the Water in a glue pot or water- 



1106 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 

bath, and add the Glycerin and coloring matter. This may be made more or 
less brittle or elastic by varying the quantity of Glycerin. 

Mucilages. 

Adhesive Mucilages for sticking labels to bottles, tinware, etc., 
papers together, and for gumming the backs of paper used for 
stamps, labels, etc., are much used. The following are the various 
kinds employed for different purposes. 

4382. Casein Mucilage.— Heat sour milk with a little Tartaric Acid, 
which causes the Casein to separate. Collect and press the mass and while 
still warm add enough of a solution of Borax 1 ounce in 1 pint of Water to 
nearly dissolve the Casein. This may be used for the back of label paper 
and other adhesive purposes. 

4383. Label Mucilage. — Soak 6 ounces of Glue in 20 ounces of warm 
Water, and then dissolve by heat ; while warm dissolve in it 3 ounces of 
granulated Gum Arabic and 8 ounces of Rock Candy. This is for gumming 
the backs of sheets, for labels, etc., and must be applied, while warm, with a 
brush. 

4384. Stamp Mucilage. — The following is said to be the same as is used 
for gumming U. S. stamps : Dextrine 2 ounces, Gum Arabic 1 ounce, Acetic 
Acid X ounce, Sugar 1 ounce, Oil of Sassafras 10 drops, Water 6 ounces. 
Mix and dissolve by heat of water-bath, and apply with a brush while warm. 

4385. Good Cheap Mucilage. — This may be made by soaking 1 part 
White Glue or Gelatin and 2 parts of Gum Arabic in 10 parts of Water, add- 
ing ]i part of Sugar, dissolving by gentle heat, straining and adding a few 
drops of Oil of Cloves to keep. 

4386. Dextrine Mucilage. — Dextrine 3 parts, Water 5 parts, dissolve by 
heat of water-bath. 

4387. Mucilage for Tin and Metal. — Most mucilages will not stick on 
tin or bright surfaced metals, and a mucilage must be specially prepared for 
this purpose. The following is A 1 : Starch 1 pound, Water 1 1 / 2 pint, Muriate 
of Tin Solution 4 fl.ounces, Glycerin 1 ounce, Oil of Sassafras 30 drops. Mix 
the Muriate of Tin solution with the Water and Glycerin, and add to the 
Starch, boil them together until a clear mucilage is formed, and while cooling 
add the Oil of Sassafras. 

Mucilage of Acacia and Mucilage of Tragacanth, which are much used 
for adhesive purposes, are noticed on pages 630 and 632. 

Pastes. 

Pastes for adhesive purposes are made from flour or starch, and 
are much cheaper than most mucilages for pasting labels, wrappers, 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1167 

etc. When druggists are once accustomed to their use they prefer 
them to mucilage for that purpose, as they dry quicker, keep in place 
better, and do not wet the paper like mucilage. The following 
formulas will be sufficient: 

4388. Good Flour Paste.— Wheat Flour 4 ounces, Alum, in powder, 90 
grains, Oil of Cloves 5 minims, Carbolic Acid 10 grains, Water 1 pint. Mix 
the flour with enough Water to make a thin mixture, heat the remainder of 
the Water to boiling, add the Alum to it and then add it quickly to the mix- 
ture of flour and Water, stirring them well together, and heating if necessary 
to make a good smooth paste ; while cooling add the Oil of Cloves and Acid. 

4389. Good Starch Paste.— This maybe made in the same manner as 
the foregoing, only using starch in place of flour ; 1 ounce of Glycerin added 
is advantageous. 

4390. Paste for Tin.— To either of the foregoing formulas, add 1 ounce of 
Glycerin, X ounce of Acetate of Lead, in powder, and % ounce solution, 
Muriate of Tin, to the boiling Water, which is added to the flour or starch. 



BAKING POWDER. 



In making Baking Powders it is necessary in the first place to 
choose good and appropriate material, and in the second place to 
have the articles which enter into the composition dry and very 
finely powdered. They must then be combined in such proportions 
that the Acid will exactly unite with the Alkaline base, setting free 
the Carbonic Acid gas which is united with it, which causes, by its 
escape through the dough, the lightness of the pastry. 

In choosing material to combine in Baking Powders it is neces- 
sary to select such substances as will not react upon each other when 
mixed dry, but which will combine to liberate the Carbonic Acid 
gas under the influence of moisture and heat. Cream of Tartar. 
because of its insolubility is the most serviceable of tin- Acids for 
this purpose, and Bicarbonate of Sodium, which contains a large 
quantity of Carbonic Acid gas, readily liberated, when acted upon 
by an acid, is the best of the Alkaline base. 

Owing to the uncertain composition and strength of the material 
used for making Baking Powders, it is difficult to give definite 

formulas that will work every time to the entire satisfaction of the 
operator, for the test of the powder in baking is the only 'general 

way by which it may be known if the articles used are balanced SO 

as to be neither alkaline nor acid. 



11(58 .MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 

It is also very important that the material used be very finely 
powdered, thoroughly dry, and perfectly mixed. Baking Powders 
cannot be thoroughly mixed by hand or in a mortar, because small 
particles of the bicarbonate of sodium will adhere together, and 
when used will make small yellow spots or points in the pastry ; 
some kind of a mixer is therefore required that will thoroughly 
crush these particles and mix all together intimately. Several kinds 
of mills and mixers are furnished for this purpose. The following 
formulas will, if properly combined from good material, make ex- 
cellent Baking Powders, but it should be understood, as previously 
explained, that the operator should test the powder by baking be- 
fore sending it out, and if it needs more acid or more alkali, add it 
until it is properly proportioned to make the best. 

4391. Baking Powder, No. 1.— Pure Cream- Tartar, 3 pounds, Pure 
Bicarbonate Soda, 22^ ounces, Best Roller Flour, 1 pound, Corn Starch }i 
pound. If preferred, y z pound Corn Starch and y 2 pound Flour may be used 
in place of 1 pound Flour, in which case the Starch must be finely powdered. 
Use 1%. teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. This is the best formula. 

4392. Baking Powder, No. 2.— Pure Cream Tartar 1 % pounds, Pure 
Bicarbonate Soda 13 ounces, Tartaric Acid 1 ounce, Best Roller Flour 1 
pound, Corn Starch y, pound. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. 

4393. Baking Flour, No. 3. — Pure Cream Tartar 2 pounds, Pure Bicar- 
bonate Soda 1 pound, Roller Flour 1 y. pounds, Tartaric Acid 1 ounce, Corn 
Starch 1 y. pounds. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. 

4394. Baking Powder, No. 4. — Pure Cream Tartar 1 pound, Pure Bicar- 
bonate Soda 1 pound, Tartaric Acid 3 ounces, Roller Flour 2 pounds, Corn 
Starch x / z pound. Use 2 teaspoonfuls to 1 quart Flour. This is a good, 
cheap powder. Keep well covered. 



CLOTH CLEANING COMPOUNDS, ETC. 

For cleaning cloth, gloves, lace and delicate fabrics that cannot 
well be washed in the ordinary way many preparations are put up 
and sold. Most of them are simply, Gasoline or Deodorized Ben- 
zine, perfumed with some fragrant oil, but other compounds are 
also used. Washing compounds are also included under this head- 
ing. The following are representative of the various preparations: 

4395. Fragrant Benzine or Gasoline. — Gasoline 1 gallon, Oil of Berga- 
mot % ounce. Mix them. Any other volatile oil, as Cloves, Cassia, Laven- 
der, Lemon, etc., may be used instead of Bergamot. This may be put up by 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1169 

any fancy name, and recommended to clean cloth, silks, gloves, etc., and 
remove grease spots. 

4396. Cloth and Glove Cleaner.— Gasoline, or Deoderized Benzine 1 

quart, Alcohol, Chloroform, Ether, each, ^ fl. ounce. Mix them. This may 

be put up and sold at a fancy price for cleaning silks, gloves, etc. It may be 
perfumed with lavender or cologne if desired. 

4397- Clothes Cleaning Compound — For removing pai7it, grease, dirt, 
etc. — Water of Ammonia 1 pint, Alcohol 9 fl. ounces, Soap Liniment 6 
fl. ounces, Borax, in powder, 4 ounces av., Castile Soap, cut or shaved, 4 
ounces av., Boiling Water 6 quarts. Dissolve the Soap and Borax in the 
boiling Water, and when cool add the other ingredients. This is to be ap- 
plied by rubbing into the grease spot, and then washed out with clear warm 
water. 

4398. Cleaning Cream. — Ivory, or other White Soap S ounces, Sal Tar- 
tar yi. ounce, Borax 2 ounces, Oil of Sassafras 1 drachm, Water 1)4 pint. 
Cut the soap in small pieces and dissolve in the Water by heat of water-bath, 
add the Borax and Sal Tartar, and while cooling add the Oil of Sassafras, 
mixing them well together. This removes grease, paint and dirt by rubbing 
in and washing out with warm water. 

4399. Benzin Jelly.— White Soap 12 ounces, Hot Water 18 ounces, Am- 
monia Water 3 ounces. Dissolve the Soap in the Hot Water, pour in a 
bottle, and add the Water of Ammonia. Then add to the mixture 2 pints of 
Gasoline or deodorized Benzin, and shake thoroughly until the mixture is cold 
and solidified. This is applied by rubbing on the grease spots, and after- 
wards washing out with warm water. 

4400. Erasive Soap.— White Soap 8 ounces, Borax 1 ounce, Sal Tartar 
1 drachm, Oil of Sassafras 1 drachm, Water 8 ounces. Cut the soap in shav- 
ings and dissolve in the Water by heat of a water-bath, add the Borax and 
Sal Tartar and boil until reduced to 1 pound, then while cooling add the Oil 
of Sassafras, and make into cakes of about 2 ounces. 

4401. Washing Fluid. — Concentrated Lye, or Caustic Soda, 1 pound, 
Oil of Turpentine 2 ounces, Borax 2 ounces, Camphor l / 2 ounce, Soap Bark, 
ground, }£ pound, Water of Ammonia % pint, Water sufficient. Steep the 
Soap Bark for two hours in ]/z gallon of Water, strain and press. Dissolve 
the Concentrated Lye and Borax in J^ gallon of Water, and add to the de- 
coction of Soap Lark. Dissolve the Camphor in the Oil of Turpentine and 
add to the solution, then add the Water of Ammonia, and after standing 
pour off or strain, add a tablespoonful of this to each gallon of Water used 
for -Making the cloths before washing, and a little in the washing Water. 

4402. Washing Fluid.— Sal Soda 4 pounds, Borax 2 ounces, Sal Tartar 
I ounce, Water of Ammonia l / z pint, Spirit of Camphor 2 ounces, Oil of Tur- 
pentine 1 ounce, Hot Water 6 pints. Dissolve the Salts in the hot Water 
and add the liquids. This may be used the same as the foregoing. 



1170 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

4403. Washing Crystal or Powder is prepared by mixing coarsely pow- 
dered Borax 8 ounces, with Carbonate of Potash (Sal Tartar) 4 ounces, or 
Crude Potash 3 ounces. The "1776 "and other similar compounds are 
made by adding excess of Alkali to Soap while making and evaporating to a 
mass or granular powder. It requires special machinery, and cannot be made 
except in large factories. 



EXTERMINATORS, DESTROYERS AND 
POISONS. 

For exterminating or poisoning rats, mice, bugs, flies and vermin 
generally, a great many different kinds of preparations are put up 
and sold. The following represent some of the best for the purpose : 

4404. Bed Bug Poison or Exterminator.— Corrosive Sublimate, in pow- 
der, 2 ounces av., Alcohol 1 pint. Dissolve the powder in the Alcohol and 
apply to the bedsteads where the vermin hide. 

Another poison for the same purpose may be made with Cyanide of Potas- 
sium 2 ounces av., Water 1 pint. Dissolve and apply. These may be used 
for any kind of bugs, ants or vermin to which it can be applied. 

4405. Bug and Ant Poison.— As a poison for cockroaches, other bugs 
and ants, to eat, the following will give satisfaction. Tartar emetic 1 ounce, 
powdered Sugar 7 ounces. Mix them intimately together and place the 
powder where the vermin will find it. 

4406. Fly Paper. — Formulas for fly papers, both poison and sticky, will 
be found on pages 230 and 231. The following additional formula for Sticky 
Fly Paper is given : Common Resin 1 pound, Castor Oil about 5 ounces. 
Melt the Resin and add sufficient Castor Oil to make it properly adhesive 
when applied to the paper. As the resins vary, a little less or more than 5 
ounces may be needed. Prepare manilla paper or other firm paper by brush- 
ing over each sheet with a size made of glue ^ pound, melted in hot Water, 
1 gallon. This is applied hot, with a brush, to the paper, and the sheets 
dried by hanging on lines. The Resin compound is then applied warm, with 
a brush, to the sized sheets, which are then folded together. 

4407. Anti-moth Paper. — Carbolic Acid Camphor, Oil of Cedar, each, 1 
part, Benzin 8 parts. Dissolve and dip sheets of heavy porous paper in the 
liquid and hang on lines until the Benzin evaporates. The paper should then 
be cut up and kept in tin boxes. These sheets are put away in drawers or 
with firs, etc., to prevent moths. 

4408. Rat Poison. — A great variety of poisons for Rats and vermin are 
put up under various names, and in various forms. They consist mainly of 
Arsenic, with the addition of some coloring matter or other substances. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1171 



Rough on Rats is an example of proprietary Rat Poisons. It consists of 
Arsenic colored a little with ivory black or some other black substance. It 
is mixed with lard and sugar and spread upon bread. 

4409. Rat Paste Poison. — This maybe made by mixing Arsenic with 
brown sugar, equal parts, and making into an ointment or paste with lard, 
the same quantity as is taken of the Arsenic. 

Tartar Emetic may be used instead of Arsenic. 

4410. Luminous Paste for Rats, Roaches, etc. — This was formerly 
quite a favorite rat poison, as it shines in the night attracting the attention of 
the rats, and at the same time acts as a poison. It is best made by melting 
Phosphorus 1 ounce in Petrolatum or Lard 1 pound, by means of a water- 
bath, and while melted and well mixed by agitation in a closely stopped 
wide-mouth bottle, allow to cool and solidify. This may then be mixed with 
Sugar 1 pound, and Flour 1 pound, or sufficient to make a stiff mass. 

A better Luminous paste is made with Arsenic, Luminous paint (made 
without Turpentine) and Sugar, each, one part, well mixed together. 

441 1. Mosquito or Black Fly Preventive. — Hunters and fishers who go 
in the woods during the summer are much annoyed by flies and mosquitoes. 
The following preparation is for rubbing on the hands and face to keep them 
off. Petrolatum 3 ounces, Paraffin % ounce, Oil Tar 2 ounces, Oil Penny- 
royal 1 ounce, Carbolic Acid 2 drachms. Melt the solid ingredients together 
and when nearly cold enough to begin to solidify incorporate the other ingre- 
dients. 

4412. To Prevent Flies from lighting on marble or glass. — Put a few 
drops of Oil of Wintergreen or Pennyroyal on a damp sponge and rub over 
the surface ; they will not light where this is done, but it must be repeated 
every 4 hours or so. 

4413. Other Poisons. — For potato bugs Paris Green or London Purple 
seem to be the most successful. The same are also used for coddling moths, 
and curculio on trees and shrubbery. For liqe on plants Insect Powder is 
good, but washing with a spray of Whale Oil Soap suds seems to be the 
most effective. For squash and cucumber bugs, Calomel is used. 



FOODS. 

A few preparations arc known as foods for various purposes, as 
Baby Food, Infant Food, Plant Food, Egg Food, etc. Tin- follow- 
ing an- some of the principal popular preparations. 

4414. Infants and Invalids Food.— These foods are prepared from 
various grains in various ways ; the object being to secure in them the most 
valuable constituents of the food, and to present them in the form most 



1172 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

readily digested. To this end the grains are variously treated, by malting, 
removing some of the less valuable constituents, concentrating, etc. As these 
processes require expensive machinery and experience, they are not adapted 
to the uses of druggists, and are, therefore, not given here. 

4415. Plant Food. — For making plants grow and blossom, the following 
are used : 

Sulphate of Ammonium 4 ounces, Sal Nitre 2 ounces, Sugar 1 ounce, Hot 
Water 1 pint. Mix, dissolve and keep in a well-stopped bottle. A little is 
added to the Water used for plants. Another formula is Nitrate of Potas- 
sium 2 parts, Carbonate of Calcium (Precipitated chalk), Chlorate of Sodium, 
Phosphate of Calcium, each, 1 part, Silicate of Iron 3 parts, Water 20 parts. 
Mix. 



INKS, BLUINGS AND BLACKINGS. 

A great variety of Inks, Bluings and Blackings are found on the 
market. The following formulas make good preparations of this 
kind. It must be remembered, however, that there are many quali- 
ties of Anilines and other substances used in making inks, etc., 
which have the same name, but are of different degrees of excel- 
lence. The best should always be chosen. 

In the limited space only a few formulas can be given, but they 
will be sufficient. 

Inks. 

4416. Fine Black Ink Aniline.— Negrosine (Black Aniline crystals), % 
ounce, Dextrin y 2 ounce, Corrosive Sublimate 2 'grains, Water 2 pints. Dis- 
solve the Negrosine in a pint of hot Water. Dissolve the Dextrin and Cor- 
rosive Sublimate in the remaining pint of Water and mix the solutions. This 
ink flows freely, is always black and does not mold. By using a less quan- 
tity of Aniline a very good ink may be made, but is not so black. 

4417. Fine Red Ink Aniline. — Eosine Aniline 180 grains, Water 2 
pints. Dissolve the Eosine in the Water. This is a bright, brilliant, fiery 
Red Ink. It is put up and sold as " Carmine Ink," but is much better and 
cheaper than it. 

4418. Fine Violet Ink. — Aniline — Violet Aniline 120 grains, Alcohol }4 
ounce, Dextrin ]4. ounce, Hot Water 2 pints. Put the Aniline in a bottle 
with the Alcohol and add the hot Water in which the Dextrin has been dis- 
solved. Different shades of Violet, ranging from reddish to blue, may be 
obtained and various shades of ink may be made. The letters B and R 
signify the proportions of Blue and Red used ; the " blue shades " are pre- 
ferred. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 1173 

Perfumed Violet I?ik was formerly just the thing but has now gone out 
of fashion, It may be made by adding % to i drachm of Bulk Perfume to 
a quart. Other perfumed inks may be made in the same way. 

Other Aniline Inks may be prepared in the same manner as the foregoing. 

4419. Brown Ink.— )A ounce Brown Aniline, )i ounce Dextrin, 1 Quart 
Hot Water. 

4420. Blue Ink.— Water Blue Aniline i l / 2 drachm, Dextrin % ounce, 
Hot Water 2 pints. 

4421. Green Ink. — Green Aniline 2 drachms, Dextrin % ounce, Hot 
Water 2 pints. 

4422. Maroon Ink. — Mix equal quantities of Red, Blue and Black Inks. 

4423. Purple Ink.— This is made like Violet Ink. It is in fact the same 
as the bluish violet. 

4424. Red Aniline Ink.— This may be made from Red Aniline (Fuch- 
sine) y z ounce, Alcohol 2 ounces, Dextrin }£ ounce, Hot Water 2 pints. It 
is not so good as the Eosine Red Ink. Scarlet Aniline Ink may also be 
made from Scarlet Aniline. 

4425. Yellow Ink.— Picric (Carbazotic) Acid 2 drachms, Hot Water 2 

pints. 

4426. Black Ink, Logwood — School Ink. — Extract of Logwood 3 ounces. 
Bichromate of Potassium 3 drachms, Hydrochloric Acid 4 fl.drachms, Water 
1 gallon. Boil the extract with the Water and Bichromate of Potassium in 1 
quart of Water until dissolved, add the Hydrochloric Acid to the balance of 
the Water, and mix the solutions while warm. 

This ink flows nicely and has a good color. 

4427. Blue Ink.— Soluble Prussian Blue (Laundry Blue) x /z ounce, Dex- 
trin X ounce, Hot Water 1 pint. Mix and dissolve. 

4428. Carmine Ink— True. — No. 40 Carmine %. ounce, Water of Am- 
monia 1 ounce, Dextrin % ounce, Water 1 pint. Rub the Carmine to a pow- 
der, then with the Water of Ammonia, then with the Water gradually added, 
and dissolve the Dextrin in the solution. Red Ink made from Eosine Ani- 
line is much better. 

4429. Japan Ink.— This may be made by boiling Borax 3 drachms, Shel- 
lac 1 drachm, Sugar 2 drachms, for one hour, in a pint of Water, then strain- 
ing the solution and dissolving in it # ounce Xegrosine or Black Aniline. 
This does not flow as freely as other inks, but is very black and glossy. 

Black Gloss Ink may be made from any good Black Ink by adding to it 
Gum Arabic and Sugar or a strong solution of Shellac and Borax as above. 
The very finest Japan Ink may be made by dissolving tine India Ink. by rub- 



1174 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

bing it with the solution of Shellac as above, made until it is of the proper 
consistence and color. 

Other colored inks may be made gloss inks in the same manner as is here 
described. 

4430. Liquid India Ink. — This is prepared from Stick India Ink by rub- 
bing it down with Water on a plate or other glazed surface until an ink of 
the proper shade and consistence is obtained. The finest Stick India Ink is 
prepared from the finest lampblack made into a paste with an infusion of 
certain native albuminous seeds of China or Japan, and then moulded in 
sticks. The more common kinds are made up with glue gelatine, etc. 

4431. Violet Black Ink — Violet passing to black. — Extract of Log- 
wood 3 ounces, Bichromate of Potassium 3 drachms, Alum 2 ounces, Lime 
Water 1 pint, Water of Ammonia 8 ounces, Commercial Hydrochloric Acid, 
by weight, 1 pound, Iron filings or old scraps of nails 1 pound, Gum Arabic 
3 ounces, Water 1 gallon. Boil the Logwood Extract and the Bichromate of 
Potassium in one quart of Water until dissolved, add the Alum previously 
dissolved in 1 quart of hot Water, then add the Lime Water ; then the 
Water of Ammonia; stir thoroughly and gradually add the Hydrochloric 
Acid with constant stirring, then add the remainder of the Water in which 
the Gum Arabic is dissolved, and pour the mixture upon the scraps of Iron in 
an open vessel or crock. Let stand several days and decant. 

4432. Writing Fluid. — Blue-Black. — Apello Nutgalls, coarsely ground, 
1 pound, Sulphate of Iron, copperas, 5 ounces, Gum Arabic 4 ounces, Boric 
Acid y* ounce, Extract of Indigo 1 ounce, Picric Acid 1 drachm, Water suffi- 
cient to make a gallon. Macerate the Nutgalls in one gallon of Water for 12 
hours, then boil- in a kettle for one hour and pour off the decoction, add half a 
gallon of fresh Water to the drugs, and boil again for half an hour and pour 
off the liquid, press the residue and mix the product with the previous decoc- 
tion. This will make about 1 gallon of the liquid ; to this, while still warm, 
add the remaining ingredients and dissolve ; add Water if necessary to make 
1 gallon, and after standing 12 hours or more strain through a coarse muslin 
strainer. This is a good writing fluid, similar to those most popular in the 
market. 

Many other similar formulas might be given but this will be sufficient. 
The color may be varied by using more or less Indigo Extract or Picric 
Acid. 

4433. Copying Ink, Black — For moist sheets. — By adding a little Gum 
Arabic and Sugar to most any of the foregoing inks, fair copying inks 
may be made, but the best copying ink may be made from the writing fluid 
last given (4431), by adding to each pint 1 ounce of Sugar and ]/ z ounce Gum 
Arabic. 

An excellent Copying Ink may also be made from the Violet-Black Ink 
(4430), by adding to each pint )£ ounce each of Sugar and Gum Arabic. This 
is similar to the popular French Copying- Ink. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1175 



4434. Colored Copying Inks.— Most of the high-colored Aniline Inks 
make good copies without the addition of other ingredients. If anything is 
required, however, l /z ounce of Gum Arabic in a pint is usually sufficient, 
care must be taken not to make the sheets too wet for copying colored inks, 
as they are apt to blur. 

4435. Copying Inks — For dry paper. — Inks are sometimes wanted for 
" Dry Copying " as it is termed. This depends upon the ink altogether, 
which may be made by adding to any of the regular black or colored writing 
Inks, from 3 to 4 fl. ounces of Glycerin in each pint, or by making the same 
inks and using 3 ounces of Glycerin instead of the same quantity of Water 
in a pint. 

The writing is to be quickly done, without blotting and without shading, 
and the copy taken at once. 

4436. Chromograph or Hektograph Inks. — These inks are designed to 
be used on the Hektograph or copying pad, by wlr'ch a hundred or more 
copies or duplicates may be made from one writing. 

Black, Blue, Red and I 'iolcl may be made in the same manner, but the 
Violet is most used, because a much larger number of clear copies may be 
made from it. The formula is as follows : Violet (or other) Aniline x / 2 
ounce av., Alcohol ^ fl.ounce, White Sugar % ounce aw, Glycerin 1 ounce 
aw, Water 6 fl.ounces. Mix the Aniline with the Alcohol, add the Glycerin. 
Dissolve the Sugar in the Water and add. Of Black Aniline or Negrosine, 
double the quantity is required. 

4437. Indelible or Marking Ink — For marking Linen. — Nitrate of 
Silver 2>% ounces, Bicarbonate of Sodium \%. ounces, Stronger Water of 
Ammonia 3^ ounces, Tartaric Acid 1 Y% ounce, Archil 1 ounce, Powdered 
Acacia 2^ ounces, Soluble Sap Gum (or Dextrin) 1 ounce, Sugar 1% ounces, 
Water, sufficient to make 20 fl.ounces. Dissolve the Silver and Soda salts, 
each separately, in two pints of boiling Water and mix the solutions. Allow 
the precipitate to settle; decant the fluid, and collect the precipitate on a 
paper filter, wash it with a pint of Water, and, when drained, transfer it to a 
mortar, add the Acid and mix. When effervescense has ceased add the 
Stronger Water of Ammonia, and transfer the whole to a bottle containing 
the Sugar. Now dissolve the Sap Gum or Dextrin in 4 ounces of Water, and 

'nil by the aid of heat. Add the Acacia to the mixture, stir until dis- 
solved, and strain. Add the Ammoniacal solution to this, and make up to 
20 ounces with Water. 

4438. Indelible Laundry Ink. — Carbonate of Sodium (Sal Soda) 1 ounce 
av.. Nitrate of Silver ]/ 2 ounce av.. Acacia, powdered, ; , OUtN e av.. Water of 
Ammonia 1 flounce, Distilled Water 4 il. ounces. Dissolve the Carbonate of 
Sodium in the Distilled Water and rub with the powdered Acacia in a mor- 
tar. Dissolve the Nitrate of Silver in the Water <-f Ammonia and mix with 
the mucilage. Transfer to a flask of double the capacity of the liquid, stop 



1176 MISCELLANEOUS FOR.MUL.E. 

closely, and heat by means of a water-bath to boiling, leaving the stopper 
loose during the latter part of the operation. 

4439. Indelible Ink for Stamp or Stencil.— Negrosine 1 ounce, Tannin 
2 drachms, Glycerin 4 ounces, Vanadinate of Ammonium 10 grains. Mix and 
dissolve. Other colors may be made from other Anilines. 

4440. Another.— Asphaltum 1 ounce, Oil of Turpentine 4 ounces, Black 
Printing Ink 4 ounces, Chloride of Iron y 2 ounce. Mix, dissolve and rub 
them well together. 

4441. Marking Ink for Packages and Boxes. — Extract Logwood 1 
pound, Bichromate of Potash 1 % ounce, Hydrochloric Acid 1 % ounce, Dex- 
trin 8 ounces, Water 1 gallon. Boil the extract with the Water, add the 
Bichromate of Potash and the Acid, and lastly the Dextrin. Allow to stand 
and decant. 

4442. Marking Ink for Cotton Bales, etc. — Logwood Extract 1 pound, 
Copperas 10 ounces, Bichromate of Potash \)/ 2 ounce, Hydrochloric Acid 
2 ounces, Brown Sugar 1 pound, Water 1 gallon. Boil the extract Math the 
Water, add the Bichromate of Potash, then the Iron and Acid, and lastly the 
Sugar. After standing decant. 

4443. Marking Inks in Cakes— For brush or stencil. — These are 

made by rubbing some pigment with Dextrin or Gum Arabic in solution and 
running the solution into boxes or molds. They are the same as water- 
color paints, and are to be used by wetting their surface with Water and the 
brush rubbed over them. Make a thick mucilage of Dextrin or Gum Arabic 
and stir in the pigment to a stiff paste. For Black, use drop black or ivory 
black ; for Blue, soluble Prussian blue or ultra-marine blue ; for Green, 
chrome green ; for Fine Red, rose pink, scarlet lake, or carmine ; for Cheap 
Red, Venetian red, red lead, etc. 

4444. Stamping Inks for Rubber Stamps. — These are prepared from 
the Anilines by mixing them with Glycerin, }( ounce of Aniline to 1 ounce of 
Glycerin. Black, blue, green, red, and violet are the anilines usually used for 
this purpose. The same inks made in this manner may be used for marking 
pens. Cheaper inks for rubber stamps may be made with drop black, Prus- 
sian blue, chrome green, rose pink, etc., but they are not in general favor. 

4445. Ink Powders. — These are prepared for quickly making Inks by the 
addition of hot Water. They are usually put up in packages sufficient to 
make a pint of ink, which requires from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of 
the powder. The following are the colors usually desired : 

Black, Negrosine in Crystals 1 part, Dextrin 3 parts. 

Blue, Water Blue Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 5 parts. This may also be made 
with soluble Prussian Blue 1 part, Dextrin 2 parts. 
Green, Green Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 4 parts. 
Red, Eosine Aniline 1 part, Dextrin 1 part. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 1177 

4446. Ribbon Inks. — Ribbon Inks for type writers, dating stamps, etc., 
are prepared by saturating thin silk with a solution of some Aniline color in 
Glycerin or other vehicle. The colors generally used are Black, Dark Green 
and J 'iolet or Purple. The solution may be made by dissolving % ounce of 
the Aniline in a mixture of Alcohol 2 fl. ounces, Water 2 fl. ounces, and Glycerin 
4 fl.ounces. The ribbon is saturated with this solution and dried. 

4447. Sympathetic Inks.— Sympathetic Inks are those that, when written 
with, show no writing until something is applied to develop them. They are 
of no particular use ; but the method of making and using is given below. 

Black Sympathetic Ink. Write with Tincture of Iron diluted with 10 
parts of Water, and develop with a blotter moistened with a solution of Tan- 
nin or decoction of Nutgalls, or strong Tea. ■ 

This may be reversed by writing with a decoction of Nutgalls and develop- 
ing with the blotter moistened with Tincture of Iron. 

Blue Sympathetic Ink. Write with a solution of Ferrocyanide of Potas- 
sium, in 20 parts of hot Water. Develop with a blotter moistened with a 
solution of Iron. 

The operation may also be reversed. 

Sympathetic Ink Developed by Heat. Sulphate of Copper and Muriate of 
Ammonia, equal parts, dissolved in Water. 

The writing turns yellow when exposed to heat. 

Lemon juice or the mineral acids diluted, solution of Salt, Saltpetre and 
many other substances, when the writing is exposed to heat, turn yellow or 
brown. 

A weak solution of Chloride of Nickel, mixed with Chloride of Cobalt, 
turns a beautiful green when exposed to heat. 

A weak solution of Cobalt, in Nitro-muriatic Acid, becomes green when 
the writing is heated, and when cooled again, entirely disappears. 

Copper, dissolved in Muriatic Acid and diluted, becomes yellow when the 
writing is heated, and disappears when cold. 

A solution of Acetate of Cobalt, to which a little Nitrate of Cobalt is added, 
becomes rose color when the writing is heated, and disappears when cold. 

4448. Gold and Silver Inks.— Take equal parts of Gold Leaf (or Silver 
Leafj and Honey. Triturate them in a mortar until perfectly fine, then add 
about 30 parts hot Water, and triturate. Allow to settle and pour off the 
Water. Triturate again with fresh hot Water. Allow to settle and pour off 
as before. Repeat the washing several times until the Honey is all washed 
out, then dry the powdered Gold Leaf and mix it with Water and Gum 
Arabic. It must be shaken occasionally while writing. 

Very fine Bronze may be made into Ink by adding Water and Gum Arabic 
and shaking occasionally while writing. 

4449. White Ink.— For writing on black cards and some other purposes, 
White Ink is sometimes desired, tl may be made bv rubbing Flake White 



1178 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 



6 drachms with Acacia, Mucilage 3 drachms, and enough Water to make 1 
fl.ounce. It must be shaken up before using. 

4450. Horticultural Inks — For writing on Metal. — This ink is pre- 
pared for writing on metal tags for labeling plants, trees, etc. Blue Vitriol 1 
ounce, Salamoniac % ounce, both in powder, dissolve in ]/ z pint of strong 
vinegar. This may be used on Zinc or Iron strips or steel ; a quill should be 
used for writing. 

4451. Liquid Slating for Blackboards. — Shellac 8 ounces, Lampblack 
\y 2 ounce, Ultramarine Blue lYz ounces, powdered Rottonstone 4 ounces, 
powdered Pumice Stone 6 ounces, Alcohol 4 pints. Dissolve the Shellac in 
the Alcohol, add the other ingredients and mix them well together, apply- 
quickly with a fiat varnish brush. 

Ink Erasing Fluid. 

Fluids for Erasing Ink are somewhat in demand and may readily 
be made by druggists. 

4452. Ink Eraser — One Preparation. — Solution of Chlorinated Soda 
(Labarraque's Solution) 2 parts, Water 1 part. Mix them. This is to be 
applied, and as soon as the ink disappears the moisture absorbed with clean 
blotting paper. 

Ink Eraser. Two Preparations. No. 1. Hydrochloric Acid 1 ounce, 
Water 1 gallon. Mix them. 

No. 2. Solution of Chlorinated Soda 2 parts, Water 1 part. Mix them. 
To erase the ink apply No. 1 with the end of the penholder, and then directly 
apply No. 2, and when the ink has disappeared absorb the moisture with 
clean blotting paper. 

Bluings. 

These are made both dry and liquid. The dry Bluings aside 
from indigo, consist of soluble Prussian Blue, and the liquids are 
solutions of the same in Water. They may be prepared as follows : 

4453. Dry Bluing. — Prussian Blue 4 parts. Oxalic Acid 1 part Powder 
the Oxalic Acid and mix them well together. If soluble Prussian Blue is used 
no acid is necessary. This is put up in various ways for the market. 

4454. Liquid Bluing.— Soluble Prussian Blue 1 ounce, Oxalic Acid % 
ounce, Boiling Water 1 quart. Dissolve the salts in the water. 

Blackings and Shoe Dressings, etc. 

A great variety of Blackings and Shoe Dressings are found in the 
market good, poor and bad. We have space only to give two or 
three good formulas. 

4455. Shoe Blacking — French Blacking. — The paste Shoe Blackings 
of the market are all made in the same general way, by combining some 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1179 

elastic substances with oils, driers, black pigments, etc. The difference in 
them consists mainly in the quality of the materials used and the skill with 
which they are compounded. The following will make a good blacking. 
Dissolve India Rubber, cut fine, 2 ounces, in Cotton Seed Oil 1 pound, by 
the aid of heat, and add to the solution Ivory Black, in very fine powder, 7 
pounds, Molasses 5 pounds, Gum Arabic, in powder, 2 ounces, Strong Vine- 
gar 22 fl.ounces. Mix them thoroughly and grind the mixture through a 
paint mill, then add the Sulphuric Acid 1 ]/$ pound, and stir daily for a week 
or more, or heat gently and incorporate the acid while warm. The use of 
Sulphuric acid in this blacking is not objectionable as it is neutralized by the 
lime salts contained in the Ivory or bone black used. 

4456. Liquid Paste Blacking. — A liquid Blacking may be made by 
melting the above and mixing it with good vinegar, say three gallons for the 
above quantity. This is not like the popular Shoe Dressings on the market. 

4457. Shoe Dressing. — Shellac, dark colored, \% pound av., Sal Soda, 
crystals, 6]4. ounces av., Gum Arabic 4 ounces av., Negrosine (Black Aniline) 
% ounce av.. Water sufficient to make 1 gallon. Put the Sal Soda in half a 
gallon of Water and heat to boiling, add the Shellac to the boiling solution 
and continue the heat for 10 or 15 minutes until all the Shellac has dissolved 
that will (there will be a small portion undissolved), then add the Negrosine 
and a pint of Water in which the Gum Arabic has previously been dissolved. 
When cool, strain and add enough Water to make 1 gallon. 

This is similar to most of the " patent " Shoe Dressings on the market. It 
may be made to dry more quickly by adding a little Alcohol. 

4458. Bronze Shoe Dressing. — Add to the foregoing %. to ^ ounce of 
Red Aniline in a gallon, and dissolve by gentle heat. Some other colored 
anilines will also make a bronze finish. 

4459. Patent Leather Dressing. — This is designed to give a finish like 
patent leather, and is waterproof. It may also be used as a Belt Polish, and 
for all similar purposes. India Rubber ]4 ounce, Shellac 4 ounces, Camphor 
y z ounce, Negrosine ]/ z ounce, Wood Alcohol 12 fl.ounces. Dissolve the 
rubber by heat of water-bath in the Wood Alcohol, then add the other in- 
gredients and dissolve. 

4460. Bronzing Liquid. — Red Aniline 1 ounce, Violet or Purple Aniline 
Yz ounce, Alcohol 10 ounces, Benzoic Acid ; 2 ' ounce. Dissolve the Anilines 
in the Alcohol by aid of water-bath, then add the Benzoic Acid and boil 5 or 
10 minutes, or until the greenish color of the preparation is changed to a light 
colored bronze. Apply with a brush or sponge. 

This may be added to the shoe dressing. 

4461. Government Harness Dressing. — Watsfoot Oil 1 gallon, Bayberry 
Tallow 2 pounds, Beeswax 2 pounds, Beef Tallow 2 pounds, Castor Oil $4 

gallon, Lampblack 1 ounce. Melt together the Wax and Tallow, and add 
the Oils and Lampblack. When thoroughly mixed, strain through muslin. 



1180 -MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

4462. Waterproof Blacking.— For greasing boots, making them Water- 
proof, etc. Neatsfoot Oil 1 gallon, Beeswax 2 pounds, Shellac yi pound, 
Beef Tallow 8 pounds, Castor Oil 1 quart, Lampblack % pound. Melt and 
mix them as the preceding. 

4463. Harness Polish.— Glue 4 ounces, Vinegar \yi pint, Gum Arabic 
2 ounces, Black Logwood Ink yi pint. Dissolve the Glue in the Vinegar by 
heat of water-bath, dissolve the Gum Arabic in the Ink. Mix the solutions 
while warm. This makes a jelly which should be dissolved by gentle heat 
when wanted to use. By adding to this y 2 ounce Nitric Acid it makes a 
liquid which is always ready for use. 

The Shoe Dressing (4457) may also be used for Harness Polish. 

4464. Hectograph Copying Pad.— Hectograph Copying Pads should be 
made somewhat softer for winter use than for summer, which can be done 
by adding a little larger proportion of Glycerin. Good Glue 4 ounces av., 
Glycerin 16 ounces av., Water 8 flounces. Break up the Glue and soak in 
the Water for a few hours, then heat by water-bath until melted, and add the 
Glycerin and heat together for some time to evaporate part of the Water, 
then strain into a shallow square tin to make the desired shape, and skim 
with a card to free from bubbles. This is improved by adding 1 ounce car- 
bonate of barium to the liquid while warm. 

The writing to be copied is done with Hectograph Ink (4436) and trans- 
ferred to the pad, sheets of paper are then put on and copies made. 

4465. Carbon Duplicating Paper. — Lard 10 ounces, Beeswax 2 ounces, 
Canada Balsam 1 y 2 drachm, Lampblack sufficient. Melt the Lard, Wax and 
Balsam together and add enough Lampblack to make of the desired color. 
This is applied to firm thin paper with a flannel dauber and wiped off with 
clean rags. 



POLISHING PREPARATIONS. 

Among the preparations put up and sold by druggists and others 
connected with the business are a great variety of Polishes of differ- 
ent kinds, and for various uses. The following are the formulas for 
the more important ones : 

Furniture Polish. 

For restoring the color or luster of furniture, preparations are 
designed to be applied with a cloth, and rubbed until dry. 

4466. Furniture Cream. — Common White Soap 150 grains, Sal Tartar 
60 grains, White Wax lyi ounces, Water 5 fl. ounces, Oil of Turpentine 10 
fl. ounces. Melt the Soap in the Water by the heat of water-bath, add the 
Sal Tartar and then the White Wax. When the Wax is melted, remove 
from the fire and slowly add, with constant stirring, the Oil of Turpentine, 



MISCELLANEOUS .EURMUL.E. 1181 



mixing them thoroughly while cooling. This is to be applied with a cloth 
and rubbed down with Canton flannel. 

4467. Furniture Polish.— Linseed Oil 6 flounces, Alcohol 3 fl ounces, 
Shellac 1 ounce av., " Butter " of Antimony 1 Y flounces, Hydrochloric Acid 
x /z ounce, Oil of Turpentine 5 flounces. Dissolve the Shellac in the Alcohol, 
and mix with the Linseed Oil and Turpentine, then, having mixed the Hydro- 
chloric Acid and " Butter " of Antimony, add them to the preparation and 
mix thoroughly. Apply as the preceding. 

Glass Polish. 

For polishing glass, mirrors and bright ware, as silver-plated 
ware, etc., the following are recommended : 

4468. Glass and Silver Polish. — Prepared Chalk 3 ounces av., Alcohol, 
Water of Ammonia and Water, each, 3 fl. ounces. Mix them by rubbing the 
Chalk to a smooth paste with the liquids. 

4469. Glass Polish. — Calcined Magnesia mixed with Gasoline into a 
liquid of the consistence of cream is excellent for polishing plate glass, mir- 
rors, etc. Calcined Magnesia made up into balls with powdered soap is also 
a good preparation for this purpose. 

Silver Polishes. 

The following arc recommended for polishing silver and nickel- 
plated ware, etc. They make fine polishes that will not scratch. 

4470. Silver Polishing Liquid. — Prepared Chalk 1 pound, Crocus Martis 
4 ounces. Mix well together and to make up, put 1 ounce of the mixture in 
a 4 ounce bottle, add 1 ounce of Water of Ammonia and Water enough to 
fill the bottle. Shake before using and apply with a cloth, then rub off when 
<lry with another cloth. 

4471. Silver Polish Powder. — Rouge or fine Crocus Martis 1 ounce, 
Fossil Silica 4 ounces, Prepared Chalk 1 pound. Rub the Fossil Silica to a 
fine powder and mix intimately with the Chalk. This will not scratch the 
finest surface. A cheaper powder may be made with whiting and rotten 
stone, or by using Prepared Chalk alone. 

4472. Silvering Solution or Polish. — Cyanide of Potassium 2 ounces, 
Nitrate of Silver 1 ounce, or a sufficient quantity, Distilled Water 12 ounces. 
Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces. Dissolve the Cyanide of Potassium in the 
Water and add to it a concentrated solution of Nitrate of Silver as long as 
the precipitate first formed is redissolved, then add the chalk, and mix them 
thoroughly. This serves as a plating and polish for silver. 

4473. Gilding Solution.— This is made in the same manner as the fore- 
going, only Chloride of Cold and Sodium is used instead of Nitrate of Silvr. 



1182 ' MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS. 



Polishes for Brass and Metal. 

The foregoing polishes may also be used on brass and metals, 
but do not " take hold " like the following : 

4474. Polishing or Pultz Pomade. — Subcarbonate of Iron 6 ounces, 
Fossil Silica 2 ounces, Petrolatum 1 pound, Cotton Seed Oil 2 ounces, Oil of 
Mirbane, or Essential Oil of Almonds 40 minims. Reduce the Fossil Silica 
to a very fine powder and mix it with the Iron, melt the Petrolatum, add the 
Cotton Seed Oil and stir in the powders, run through a sieve, and while cool- 
ing add the flavoring Oil and stir until ready to set, then run into boxes. 

Instead of Fossil Silica, Prepared Chalk or Whiting may be used. 
This is applied with a rag and well rubbed, then wiped off with a clean 
cloth and the surface polished with a little whiting if necessary. 

4475. Polishing Liquid — For Brass, Copper, etc. — Oxalic Acid 1 ounce, 
Crocus Martis 2 ounces, Whiting 4 ounces, Water 1 pint. Mix. Shake be- 
fore using, apply with rubbing and polish dry with' Whiting. The same 
substances may also be used dry, or applied with a little Oil with rubbing 
and rubbed dry with whiting. 

4476. For Polishing Tin.— Mix Oxide of Tin 1 part with Whiting 3 
parts, and polish by rubbing with the powder. 

4477. Tripoli. — This is a gritty, polishing substance made by calcining 
flint and reducing to a powder ; ordinary Water Lime is used for the same 
purpose. They are not intended for fine, highly-polished surfaces, but for 
brightening and scouring. 

4478. Stove Blacking or Polish. — Stove Blacking as it is known in the 
market is simply Blacklead, Amorphus Graphite or Plumbago, variously pre- 
pared and moulded, pressed, or cut into shape. It is obtained from mines, 
and consists of Carbon mixed with Iron, the mixture often being called Car- 
bide or Carburet of Iron. It is finely ground, made into a stiff paste, 
moulded into bricks or other convenient form and dried. It is also furnished 
in the form of paste run into boxes. 

Laundry Polish. 

For giving a gloss to linen, preparations are put up in the form of 
liquids, also in cakes of wax. They are mixed with the starch when 
made, and the polish is secured by ironing with a rounding polishing 
iron. 

4479. Laundry Wax or Polish — Starch Gloss. — White Wax, Paraffin, 
Spermaceti, Stearin, powdered Gum Arabic, of each equal parts, melt the 
waxes, and while cooling stir in the powdered Gum Arabic and run in 
molds. Two drachms of this wax boiled with a pint of starch and thoroughly 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1183 

mixed with it is the proper proportion for polishing, half the quantity suffices 
for ordinan r finishing. 

Paraffin alone is used for the same purpose. 

4480. Liquid Starch Glace.— White Wax 1 ounce, Spermaceti 1 ounce, 
Gum Arabic 1 ounce, Borax 1 ounce, Water 10 ounces, Oil of Cloves 10 
drops. Dissolve the Borax and Gum Arabic in the Water, melt the Wax 
and Spermaceti and while liquid rub with the solution of Borax, etc., to make 
an emulsion, mixing them thoroughly. A tablespoonful or two of this liquid 
in a pint of starch gives a fine polish. It may also be applied after starching 
by rubbing over the starch with a cloth, and then polishing with the iron. 



PRESERVATIVES. 

For preserving fruit, fruit juices, foods, etc., several preparations 
are put up and sold in various forms. The following a;c repre- 
sentations. 

4481. Cider Keeper. — For keeping Cider and other fruit juice.- ;- 
Acid has been proven to be the best. It may be put up in packages of ; 4 
ounce each, which is sufficient to keep a barrel (45 gallons) of Cider. It is 
to be added when the Cider is "just right," and should be mixed with a gallon 
of Cider before adding to the remainder, and then horoughly mixed with the 
whole. 

For keeping wines, etc., it should not be added until after fermentation 
has ceased. 

4482. Cider Preservative.— Sulphite of Lime is used for this purpose 
with good effect. Four ounces in a barrel of Cider is the required quantity, 
mixed in the same manner as above described. 

4483. Fruit Juice Preservative. — To preserve Fruit Juices in their 
natural condition without the aid of heat, add to each gallon of the freshly 
pressed juice 20 fl. ounces of Cologne Spirit in which 40 grains of Salicylic 
Acid have been dissolved, and set away, tightly stopped, in a cool place. 
Treated in this manner Fruit Juices will not spoil, ferment or mould. 

4484. Fruit Preserving Liquids.— A saturated solution of Hyposulphite 
of Sodium may be used for preserving fruit, in the proportion of a tablespoon- 
ful to a quart of fruit. It imparts a bitterish, saline taste. 

A solution of Salicylic Acid 1 ounce, in Alcohol 1 pint, may be used for 
the same purpose, a tablespoonful being used with a quart of fruit and the 
ordinary quantity of sugar. 

4485. Egg Preservatives.— Eggs maybe preserved by dipping them in 
melted paraffin or by rubbing them over witli Petrolatum, witli which a little 



1184 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

Salicylic Acid, say % per cent., has been mixed. They should be rubbed 
over twice with this. 

They may also be preserved by soaking in the saturated solution of Hypo- 
sulphite of Sodium as above, or in a strong solution of Salicylic Acid in 
Alconol. 

4486. For Preserving Specimens. — For specimens to be preserved in 
anatomical jars, Diluted Alcohol is the best preservative. The substance 
should be suspended from the hook or by a cord, and covered with Diluted 
Alcohol. 

4487. For Preserving Organic Substancs. — Wicker sheim's Process. 

FOR INJECTING. FOR STEEPING. 

Arsenious Acid, 16 grammes. 12 grammes. 

Sodium Chloride, 80 grammes. 60 grammes. 

Potassium Sulphate, 200 grammes. 1 50 grammes. 

Potassium Nitrate 25 grammes. 18 grammes. 

Potassium Carbonate, 20 grammes. 1 5 grammes. 

Water 10 liters. 10 liters. 

Glycerin 4 liters. 4 liters. 

Methylic Alcohol, % liter. y z liter. 

The solid substances are boiled in the Glycerin and Water, and the Alcohol 
added when cool. These liquids are used for preserving dead bodies, 
embalming, etc. 



WINES AND SPIRITOUS LIQUORS. 

Wines and Spiritous Liquors form quite a large portion of the 
articles used and sold by druggists. In this article it is impossible 
to give anything but a brief outline of their manufacture, but our 
work seems incomplete without such reference. The following 
processes, formula?, etc., are therefore given. They have also been 
referred to in the articles : Alcohol, page 86, Wines, page 997, and 
Spirits, page 767, 771. 

Wines. 

Natural and artificial Wines are found in the market in great 
variety ; both kinds will be considered in this article. 

4488. Pure Wines are, or should be, made by the fermentation of Grape 
juice, by which their saccharine matter is converted into Alcohol or Spirit, 
which, if in sufficient quantity, prevents the Wine from deliterious change ; 
but if insufficient, is still further oxidized, being converted first into an aldehyd 
and then into acetic acid or vinegar. With light grape juices it is often 
necessary to add cane-sugar previous to or during fermentation, that a larger 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1185 

proportion of Alcohol may be produced by its decomposition, or to add a 
small percentage of Cologne Spirit to the Wine after the fermentation is com- 
pleted, and before the acetic change has begun, and should be three years 
old before they are offered for use. 

In making Wines the cask or package in which they are made should be 
kept filled, by adding a little from time to time as the pumice and foam works 
off through the open bung at the top. When the fermentation is completed, 
they should be tightly bunged and put aside in a cool place, and after standing 
a few months " racked off " into another clean cask, rejecting the sediment 
at the bottom. 

4489. White Wines. — These are made from many varieties of grapes 
by pressing out their juice, fermenting and treating as already described. 
These Wines are known by various names derived from the variety of grapes 
from which they are obtained, the locality where they are produced, etc. In 
medicine, imported Sherry is preferred, as it contains a larger percentage of 
Alcohol than other varieties. Our own native Wines are also much used, 
California Wines, Angelica Sherry and Muscatel, being of good body and 
flavor, and Catawba Wine made in the East, are much esteemed. 

4490. Red Wines.— Most of the Red Wines are made by fermenting the 
juice of red grapes in presence of their skins and pulp. Unlike the White 
Wines the juice is not pressed out until the fermentation has proceeded for 
some time. This process secures the red color and the astringent qualities 
which the Red Wines usually possess. The favorite medicinal Red Wine is 
the Oporto or Port ; but similar Wines made in this country from various 
varieties of red grapes are much used. 

4491. Improvement of Wines.— It has been found by experiment that 
the quality of Wines may be improved and the quantity much increased in 
various ways. 

ChaptaVs process consists in the addition of sugar to the expressed juice 
before fermentation, which being decomposed increases the Alcoholic strength. 
Marble dust is then added to neutralize the excess of acid. 

Dr. Gall's method is to prepare a normal must or juice mixed with an 
equal quantity of Water, containing 0.5 to 0.6 per cent, of free acid and 22 
to 24 per cent, of sugar, which is treated in the same manner as true grape 
juice. 

Pettot's method for improving and increasing the quantity of Wine, consists 
of adding to the expressed juice an equal volume of Water containing the 
same proportion of sugar as is contained in the natural juice. Then to the 
pulp of the grapes adding a like quantity of Water sweetened in the same 
proportion and allowing to ferment for three days. Then pouring off and 
again adding the same quantity of sweetened Water to the same pulp and 
allowing to ferment as before, and finally mixing the liquids all together, thus 
making four times as much Wine as there was grape juice to start with. 
and, it is claimed, equal in all respects to pure grape juice Wine. Wines 



1186 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULA. 

made in this manner have the true bouquet of pure Wines, are not subject to 
disease like pure Wines, and mature in a few months instead of two or three 
years as is required for natural wines. 

Glycerin and Salicylic Acid are often added to Wines to preserve them. 
To preserve light Wines (deficient in Alcohol), they are heated to 124 F. 
and put up at once in bottles or casks, and closely sealed ; this process was 
introduced by Pasteur. 

Artificial Wines. 

Besides the process of improving and diluting Wines above de- 
scribed, a great deal of Wine entirely fictitious is found in the 
market. A few formulas only can be given, and they are given as 
suggestions rather than formulas, for each kind of Wine requires 
some special treatment peculiar to itself. 

4492. Artificial White Wine.— As a base for any of the Artificial White 
Wines the following may be used : Grape Sugar 25 pounds, Tartaric Acid 
Yz pound, Hot Water 6 gallons, Cold Water 19 gallons, Grape pulp, fresh, 
50 pounds (or common raisins 30 pounds). Dissolve the Sugar and Acid in 
the hot Water and add the cold Water, add this to the Grape pulp or to the 
raisins, chopped fine, stir well together and allow to ferment 4 or 5 days, 
stirring occasionally, then press and transfer the liquid to a barrel in the cellar 
and treat in the same manner as other Wine. If necessary after fermenta- 
tion Cologne Spirit may be added to make up the alcoholic percentage 
required. 

The Grape pulp or raisins used will give the desired flavor to the Wine, 
according to the kind used, but if a more distinctive flavor is desired, the 
artificial flavors or oils made for the purpose from Ethers may be used as 
directed. In this manner Angelica, Muscatel, Catawba, Rhine Wine, 
Sherry and other varieties may be made. Champagne is artificially prepared 
from white wine by charging it with carbonic acid gas, and bottling. 

4493. Artificial Red Wines.— As a general base for Artificial Red Wine 
the foregoing formula may be used with the addition of astringents, coloring 
substances and flavoring. The substances used for coloring are juices of 
fruits, as raspberry, cherry, elderberry, pokeberry, whortleberry, etc., or de- 
coctions of Cochineal, Brazil wood, logwood, etc. ; the former are greatly to 
be preferred ; Prunes are also frequently added. The flavorings are made 
from combinations of ethers, etc. The astringent substances added are, 
Catechu, Kino, Oak-bark, Tincture of Galls, etc., about 1 ounce of Catechu 
or Kino being used for 10 gallons of Port Wine and two or three times the 
quantity for Clarets. Much less sugar also is required in the Bordeaux or 
Claret Wines. 

4494. Wine Essences or Extracts. — The true flavor of Wines can only 
be obtained in a concentrated form by distilling the Wines or the lees from 
which the juices are pressed, and separating their flavoring or oils by various 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1187 

treatment. These oils or essences or flavors, are ethers, which result from 
the oxidation of Alcohol radicals, chiefly of the Amyl and Ethyl series, and 
they may be artificially produced by combining various Ethers, obtained by 
the oxidation of fousel oil, potato oil, etc. Their production and combination, 
however, is still experimental and uncertain, and it cannot be said that the 
true flavor of any particular kind of Wine has been produced artificially, 
although close imitations have been arrived at, and manufacturers claim to 
furnish Wine essences or flavors of various kinds. They are at best, how- 
ever, but poor imitations, and their formulas had better be deferred until they 
have been more definitely determined than at present. 

Spirits or Spiritous Liquors. 

Spiritous Liquors are prepared from saccharine or starchy liquids 
by fermentation and subsequent distillation of the more volatile 
portions which result from the decomposition of the sugar or its 
change into alcohol. Fruit and other juices, grains of various 
kinds, or any substances which contain sugar or starch in abund- 
ance, may be used for making spirits. In this country Brandy, dis- 
tilled from Wines or fermented grapes, apples, etc., Rum, distilled 
from fermented molasses, or sugar cane juice, and Whisky and Gin, 
distilled from fermented grains or other substances containing starch, 
are the chief liquors used ; but in other countries other liquors con- 
taining alcohol are made from various substances, as rice, the juice 
of cactus, potatoes, etc. 

The general process of making Spiritous Liquors is briefly de- 
scribed under ALohol, page 87. For the special processes and 
treatment of various substances for the production of Spirits or 
Alcohol our readers are referred to standard works upon that sub- 
ject. The following brief suggestions may be of interest : 

4495. Brandy. — Brandy is distilled from fermented grape juice or the 
fermented pulp and juice of grapes ; the best varieties being known as Cog- 
nac, obtained from the South of Europe ; good brandy is also made in this 
country. A brandy is also obtained from cider, which is familiarly known as 
" Apple Jack." 

Brandy contains from 40 to 60 per cent, of Alcohol, the varieties generally 
sold being about 50 per cent, or ioo° proof. 

4496. Artificial Brandy.— The high price of Brandy makes its artificial 
production quite desirable, and fictitious brandy is much more frequently 
found in the market than genuine. The simplest way to make Artificial 
Brandy is to dilute Cologne Spirit 190 proof, with an equal volume of pure 
Water, adding to each gallon about 5 grains of Tannic Acid, 3 drops Oil of 
Cognac, 3 drops of Qinanthic Kther. and sufficient burnt sugar coloring to 



1188 MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E 



give it the desired color. This may be improved by adding i fl. drachm Ex- 
tract of Orris and 5 drops Essence of Almond to a gallon. One ounce of 
Syrup is sometimes added. 

This may also be prepared from the Brandy Essence and proof Spirit, or 
diluted Cologne Spirit, as directed below. 

4497. Brandy Essence. — A flavoring for Brandy may be prepared ready 
for use as follows : Oil of Cognac, fine, 1 ounce, CEnanthic Ether, commer- 
cial, 1 ounce, Oil of Bitter Almond 2 fl. drachms, Orris Root, in powder, 16 
ounces, Tannin 2 ounces, Cologne Spirit, sufficient to make 1 gallon. Mace- 
rate the Orris Root in the Spirit for one week and percolate until 1 gallon is 
obtained ; to this add the Tannin, dissolve and filter, and then dissolve the 
Oils and Ether in the filtrate. Half a pint of this Essence is sufficient for 40 
gallons of Brandy (1 ounce for 5 gallons), added to colored proof Spirit. 
The true Oil of Cognac is very expensive, but upon this depends the fine 
flavor of the brandy. 

4498. Rum. — Rum is distilled from fermented molasses or from the fer- 
mented juice of the sugar-cane. New England Rum is distilled from 
molasses, but St. Croix or Santa Cruz and Jamaica Rum, made in the 
West Indies, are distilled from the juice and fragments of sugar-cane and the 
refuse of sugar factories. The juice and slices of pine apples and other 
tropical fruit are usually added to the distilled rum or mixed with the fer- 
mented liquid before distillation. Jamaica Rum is the most esteemed of any, 

As found on the market the different kinds of Rum are about ioo° proof, 
but Jamaica Rum as imported contains from 60 to 75 per cent, of Alcohol. 
Much of the Rum found on the market is artificially prepared after the man- 
ner described below. 

4499. Artificial N. E. Rum. — Cologne Spirit 190 proof, pure Water, 
each, 10 gallons, Butyric Ether 2 ounces, Acetic Ether 2 fl.drachms, Extract 
Orris 2 fl.drachms, Syrup 1 quart. Mix them. 

4500. Artificial Jamaica Rum. — To imitate Jamaica Rum best, a portion 
(from Yz to Y) of imported Jamaica Rum should be used, diluted to proof 
with Cologne Spirit and Water, and flavored with a little Essence of Jamaica 
Rum, about 1 ounce to 10. gallons of the finished product. A very good 
imitation may, however, be made as follows: Cologne Spirit 190 proof 10 
gallons, Water 10 gallons, Essence Jamaica Rum 3 ounces, Tincture Catechu 
2 ounces, Brown coloring (caramel), sufficient. Mix them. 

4501. Artificial Santa Cruz Rum. — This may best be made by mixing 
1 gallon of Genuine Santa Cruz Rum with 7 gallons New England Rum, and 
adding 1 ounce of Jamaica Rum Essence. 

4502. Imitation Arrack.— To 12 gallons of New England or Santa Cruz 
Rum add 1 ounce of Benzoin and 1 ounce of Tolu, and 1 sliced pine apple, 
macerate for two weeks and filter through a little Magnesium Carb. The 
Benzoin and Tolu are best dissolved as much as possible in a pint of Cologne 
Spirit before adding. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 1189 

4503. Jamaica Rum Essence.— Butyric Ether 15 fl.ounces, Acetic Ether 
2 fl.ounces, Tincture of Vanilla, Alcoholic, 2 fl.ounces, Extract of Orris 2 
fl.ounces, Cologne Spirit 3 ounces. Mix them. 

4504. Whisky. — This is by far the most familiar and most used spiritous 
liquor of this country. Our distillers are famed for the production of fine 
brands of Whisky, which, like the wines of certain houses of Europe, have 
their reputation at home and abroad. The production of fine whiskies is a 
trade secret with their manufacturers, all being similar in composition and 
alcoholic strength but differing sufficiently in flavor to make them distinctive 
and different to experts. Whiskies are made by combining various grains 
with rye or barleymalt, etc., in varying proportions, grinding, fermenting, 
treating in various ways, distilling, etc. ; but the limits of this article does not 
admit even of a description of the processes employed only in a general way. 
(See page 87.) In the manufacture of fine whiskies from 8 to 10 quarts only- 
are distilled from each bushel of grain used ; but in making the cheaper grades 
of whisky, by improved process, from 13 to 20 quarts are distilled from the 
mash for each bushel of grain used. Whisky improves by age and is not 
suitable for use until it is at least 2 years old. Various treatments for 
" Aging " Whisky by agitation and otherwise are employed. 

4505. Artificial Whisky. — Owing to the moderately low price of good 
Whisky as compared with Spirits but a small proportion of the amount sold 
is made up from Cologne or Neutral Spirit direct ; but by mixing different 
grades of Whisky, or by mixing good high flavored Whisky with proof Spirit, 
a great variety of cheap and moderate-priced whiskies are produced. Nor 
is this alone the reason for mixing whiskies, for by combining some of the 
best grades with each other " blends " are produced which surpass in flavor 
those of which they are composed when taken alone. A variety of flavoring 
essences or oils are also made for flavoring whiskies, but they are little used 
except by rectifiers. 

These oils or essences are combinations of Amyl and Ethyl Ethers as be- 
fore described and have no standard of composition, different manufacturers 
furnishing entirely different flavors under the same name. 

A general formula for Whisky made from spirits is as follows : Cologne 
Spirit, 190 proof, 20 gallons, pure Water 20 gallons, good, high flavored 
Bourbon or Rye Whisky 10 gallons. Mix and color with burnt sugar (Cara- 
mel). For Wheat Whisky leave uncolored. This makes a good cheap 
Whisky without any objectionable features. If too expensive for the use de- 
sired, on account of the addition of the good Whisky, 8 ounces of any of the 
following essences may be used instead. The proof may also be reduced by 
adding more Water, and by the addition of 2 ounces of the beading oil it will 
still "hold its bead." 

4506. Bourbon Whisky Essence.— Rectified Fousel Oil 1 ounce, Ace- 
tate of Amyl 4 ounces. Pelargonic Ether 2 ounces, Extract of Orris 4 ounces, 
Oil of Wintergreen 1 ounce. Acetic Ether 1 ounce, Cologne Spirit 1 2 11. ounces. 
Mix them. Use 1 ounce for flavoring 5 gallons. 



1190 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

4507. Rye Whisky Essence.— Butyric Ether 1 ounce. Rectified Fousil 
Oil 1 ounce, Butyrate of Amyl 1 ounce, Acetic Ether 2 ounces, Extract of 
Orris 4 ounces, Extract of Vanilla 1 ounce. Extract of Musk Root 4 ounces, 
Cologne Spirit 12 fl. ounces. Mix them. Use 1 ounce for flavoring 5 gallons. 

4508. Scotch and Irish Whisky.— These have a smoky flavor, which 
may be imitated by adding Soot, or by adding a drachm of Creasote dissolved 
in an ounce of Acetic Acid to a barrel of ordinary Whisky. Many other 
varieties of Whisky are known ; as Malt Whisky, Monongahela Whisky, 
and an infinite number of private brands of manufacturers which have 
become popular. 

4509. Bead or Beading Oil. — For low proof liquors an artificial bead is 
required. It is made by rubbing 1 ounce of the finest Olive or Almond Oil 
with 1 ounce of Sulphuric Acid in a mortar, gradually added, and when en- 
tirely combined adding sufficient Cologne Spirit to dissolve it, about 20 ounces 
being necessary. Two or three ounces of this is used in a barrel. 

This Beading Oil is used for all kinds of spiritous liquors. The same 
effect may be secured by filtering through starch or wheat bran. 

4510. Rye and Rock.— Good Rye Whisky 6 pints, Water 1 pint, Rock 
Candy 2 pounds. Dissolve the Rock Candy by heating with the Water ; 
then add the Whisky and filter. The Whisky and Water may also be mixed 
and the Rock Candy dissolved in the mixture cold, but it is much more ex- 
peditious to dissolve the Rock Candy first in the Water by heat. 

4511. Tolu, Rock and Rye.— Tincture Tolu 2 ounces, Carbonate of 
Magnesium yi ounce, Good Rye Whisky 6 pints, Water 1 pint, Rock Candy 
2 pounds. Rub the Magnesium to a fine powder and add the Tincture Tolu ; 
triturate and gradually add 8 ounces of the Whisky, rubbing it thoroughly 
together. Dissolve the Rock Candy by heating with the Water and add the 
Whisky, then mix all together, allow it to stand 24 hours, and filter clear. 
This is a much used and very good stimulating cough preparation. 

Dose, tablespoonful or more, as required 

4512. Tolu, Rock, Rye and Redroot. — Fluid Extract Bloodroot % 
ounce, Tolu, Rock and Rye 1 gallon. Mix and after standing 48 hours filter. 
The addition of the Bloodroot to the Tolu, Rock and Rye makes a fine prep- 
aration for bronchial difficulties, coughs, colds, etc. 

4513. Gin.— Aside from Whisky, Gin is the most used of any of the 
Alcoholic liquors. The spirit from which genuine Gin is made is distilled 
from grain and malt the same as Whisky, and after being properly purified 
by rectification it is redistilled with Juniper berries and some aromatics, or 
the aromatics are added afterward. Like Whisky, the old distillers of Gin 
have their trade secrets and make favorite brands which have become well 
known. Good Gin is made in this country, but Holland has the reputation 
of producing the best in the world. In distilling Gin, from 5 to io-pounds of 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1191 

Juniper berries are used for ioo gallons, and the aromatics are proportioned 
according to the variety desired to be made. 

As Gin is a compound liquor, it cannot be classed as artificially made like 
other liquors, the only difference in the distilled and the prepared Gins being 
the use of Juniper berries and aromatic substances, instead of the oils or 
essences of the same. 

Instead of the distilled Gin as above described the following may be used, 
and will give very good results : 

4514. Holland Gin. — Cologne Spirit 190 proof 20 gallons, pure Water 
20 gallons, Oil Juniper berries 2% flounces, Oil of Lemon 20 drops, Oil of 
Coriander 1 5 drops, Oil Bitter Almonds 5 drops, Oil Cassia 5 drops, Oil Fen- 
nel 5 drops, Syrup of Acacia 1 gallon. Dissolve the Oils in a gallon of the 
Spirits, and having mixed the remainder of the Spirit with the Water, add 
the solution to it, then add the Syrup Acacia and mix them well together by 
agitation. After standing for some time draw off and filter clear through the 
filtering mixture (see below). 

4515. London Cordial Gin. — Cologne Spirit 20 gallons, Pure Water 20 
gallons, Oil Juniper Berries 2% ounces, Oil Calamus 20 drops, Oil Angelica 
10 drops, Oil Coriander 5 drops, Oil Cassia 5 drops, Oil Bitter Almond 5 
drops, Syrup Gum Acacia 2 gallons. Dissolve the oils in 1 gallon of the 
spirits, and having mixed the remainder with the water, add the solution and 
then the Syrup of Gum Arabic, mix them well together and after standing 
filcer clear. 

4516. Schiedam Schnapps. — Make a tincture or extract by percolating 
Gentian, Bitter Orange peel, Agaric, Galangal, Centaury, each, 4 ounces, all 
in coarse powder, with diluted Cologne Spirit sufficient to make 1 gallon. 
Add 1 ounce of this extract to a gallon of the Holland or London Cordial 
Gin as above. 

4517. Old Tom Gin.— Oil Coriander 1 drachm, Oil Cedar 1 drachm, Oil 
of Fennel y 2 drachm, Oil Bitter Almonds 15 drops, Oil Angelica 30 drops, 
Oil Juniper Berries x / z ounce, Syrup Acacia 1 gallon, Cologne Spirit, 190° 
proof, 20 gallons, Water 20 gallons, Orange Flower Water 1 pint. Dissolve 
the oils in 1 gallon of the spirit and mix with the remainder of the articles as 
directed for London Cordial Gin. Other varieties may be made in the same 
general manner. 

4518. To Filter Gin and other Liquors.— When Essential Oils are used 
in compounding liquors they turn milky and must be filtered. For this purpose 
a mixture of Burnt Alum 4 ounces, White Pipe Clay 6 ounces, Carbonate of 
Magnesium 4 ounces, Carbonate of Potassium y 2 ounce, is put in a woolen 
bag or cloth, and the liquor filtered through the mixture until clear. 

Ming a quart of Lime Water to a barrel of Gin the same result may 
often be accomplished. 

4519. To clarify Gin or Cordials — Spirit Fitting's for this purpose 
are used, and may be made by first adding 2 ounces of powdered Alum dis- 



1192 MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 

solved in a quart of warm Water to a barrel, and after thoroughly stirring, 
adding i ounce of Sal Soda dissolved in i pint of Water. 

By adding a quart of skimmed milk and 2 ounces of Gelatin dissolved in a 
quart of Water to a barrel of Gin or other liquor and allowing to settle, it is 
usually made clear, and the blackness which is liable to occur in Gin is re- 
moved ; 3 or 4 eggs beat to a froth, mixed with a gallon of liquor and added 
to a barrel, will usually make it clear after standing. 

4520. Liquors and Cordials.— A great variety of Cordials, sweetened 
and flavored Liquors, bitters, ratafias, etc., are made and used, but are not 
much in demand in this country. Almost every aromatic known is intro- 
duced in the manufacture of these cordials, etc. A few of them have been 
mentioned elsewhere, pages 262, 436, 439, etc., but the demand for them is 
so small, and the space so limited, that no more can be here introduced. 



VARNISHES. 



For coating and finishing the surfaces of wood, metals, glass, 
labels, pictures, etc., solutions of resins of various kinds in spirits or 
oils are employed. Most of these varnishes are purchased of manu- 
facturing houses who make them in large quantities, but some of 
them are readily prepared and considerably used by druggists, 
among which are the following. Some other varnishes have been 
mentioned elsewhere : 

4521. Label Varnish. — This may be made by dissolving pale Shellac 6 
ounces in 12 fl.ounces of Alcohol by the aid of heat and adding to the warm 
solution 1 pint of Linseed Oil and 2 drachms of Chloride of Zinc, agitating 
them until the Zinc salt is dissolved. It is applied with a. brush, or by dipping 
the label, or floating it. 

A spirit varnish made with Sandarach, Shellac ana Alcohol may also be 
used. 

4522. Spirit Varnish.— Sandarach 3 ounces, pale Shellac 2 ounces, 
Alcohol 20 fl.ounces. Dissolve and add Copal Varnish 2 ounces, mix well 
strain through gauze, set aside for a month and decant the clear portion from 
the sediment. This is used for labels, pictures, Water colors, lithographs, etc. 

4523. Shellac Varnish.— For " killing " knots in wood for polishing and 
many other purposes, Shellac Varnish is used. It is simply Shellac dissolved 
in Alcohol. About 3 pounds of Shellac with sufficient Alcohol to make a 
gallon. It is used thinner for some purposes. 

4524. Transfer Varnish. — Mastic, Sandarach, each, 2 ounces, Alcohol 
15 fl.ounces. Dissolve and add pure Canada Balsam 4 ounces. This is used 
for transferring engravings, lithographs, decalcomania pictures, etc., and for 
gildering, silvering, bronzing, etc. 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1193 

4525. Other Varnishes. — Of the other varnishes that are used, Demur 
'Varnish is made by dissolving Gum or Resin Demar in Oil of Turpentine, 
Copal Varnish, by dissolving Copal in Oil of Turpentine. This is also 
known as Furniture Varnish and Carriage Varnish, many varieties being 
made from different qualities of gum or resin, Mastic Varnish may be made 
by dissolving Mastic either in Alcohol or Oil of Turpentine. 

Crystal Varnish is made from Canada Balsam mixed with an equal 
volume of Oil of Turpentine. It is also known as Map Varnish, and is 
used diluted with Oil of Turpentine for making tracing paper. Wax Var- 
nish is prepared by melting 2 ounces of Wax with 6 ounces of Oil of Tur- 
pentine and mixing with a pint of Copal Varnish. 

Sealing Wax Varnish is made from Shellac Sealing Wax dissolved in 
Alcohol. It is used for chemical and electrical apparatus, cork tops, etc. 
Many other varnishes are known and used. 

Glass Varnish — for making a film on glass the Wax Varnish above is 
good. A transparent varnish for glass is made of Sandarach and Mastic, 
each 2 ounces dissolved in Alcohol 20 ounces. 



UNCLASSIFIED PREPARATIONS. 

4526. Purifying Bees' Wax.— Melt 10 pounds of wax with 1 pint of 
Vinegar and a quart of Water ; when melted, strain and wrap the vessel and 
cover it with several thicknesses of cloth so that it will cool slowly ; all sedi- 
ment settles to the bottom and may readily be scraped off. 

4527. Prepared Corks.— Corks may be prepared for resisting the action 
of acids, etc., by immersing them in melted Paraffin, and when removed put- 
ting them at once into cold Water ; this gives them a coating of paraffin and 
fills all the cavities, making them imperious to acids, etc. 

Burnt Cork may be prepared by placing a quantity of corks, in an iron 
kettle, covering closely and heating them until they are reduced to charcoal ; 
they may then be powdered. 

4528. Bleaching Sponges.— To bleach Sponges first dip them in a solu- 
tion of Permanganate of Potassium 1 ounce in 1 gallon of Water, squeeze 
out the Water as much as possible, then pour upon them a solution prepared 
with Hyposulphite of Sodium 1 pound, Water 7 pints, Hydrochloric Acid 1 
pint, until they are white, then to prevent turning yellow when dry dip in a 
solution of 2 drachms Bicarbonate of Sodium in 1 gallon of Water and drain. 

4529. Tooth Cement.— For filling the cavities of teeth Collodion may be 
used as it quickly sets, forming a plug; Portland Cement may also be 
used. A solution of Mastic, 1 part, in Alcohol, 3 parts, hardens quickly when 
put in the cavity of a tooth. 

4530. Sulphur Lotion.— Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 20 grains, Oxide of 
Zinc 120 grains, Lac Sulphur 60 grains, Cologne 1 ounce, Glycerin 1 QUUeej 



ll l J4 MISCELLANEOUS FORMUL.E. 

Rose Water 5 ounces. Rub the Oxide of Zinc with the Lac Sulphur, and 
then with the Cologne ; add the Glycerin and the Rose Water in which the 
Carbolate of Zinc has been dissolved. 

4531. Boracic Acid Ointment.— Boracic Acid 1 part, Yellow Wax 1 
part, Benzoinated Lard or Petrolatum 6 parts. Rub the Acid to a very fine 
powder with a few drops of Alcohol. Melt the Wax and Benzoinated Lard 
together and incorporate the powder with the mixture while cooling. 

4532. Glycerin Cream.— Glycerin Cream 6 ounces, Soft Soap (Sapo 
Mollis 2908) 5 ounces, Rose Water, triple, 5 ounces, Tincture of Arnica y z 
ounce, Boric Acid Yz ounce. Dissolve the Acid in the Glycerin by heat, and 
add the mixture to the other ingredients which have been previously well 
mixed in a mortar. 

4533* Polyform Liniment. — This is said to be like Edson's preparation. 
Chloral Hydrate 1 ounce av., Alcohol 4 fl.ounces, Chloroform 2%. flounces, 
Camphor 2 ounces av., Ether 2 fl.ounces, Oil of Peppermint, Oil of Cloves, 
each, 5 drops, Salicylic Acid 5 grains, Nitrate of Amyl, Sulphate of Morphine, 
each, 3 grains. Mix them. This is used for Neuralgia, Tic Doloreaux, etc. 

4534. Local Anaesthetic. — For applying to the gums before extracting 
teeth and other similar purposes to numb the parts and prevent pain. It is 
also excellent for neuralgia, etc. Stronger Ether 1% ounce, Menthol 60 
grains, Fluid Extract Cannabis Indica 20 minims, Cocaine 2 grains, Oil Pep- 
permint 1 5 minims. Saturate absorbent cotton with a small quantity of the 
liquid and apply to the gums, allowing it to remain about 5 minutes before 
the operation. 

4535- Curry Powder. — Coriander Seed, Turmeric, Dessicated Cocoanut, 
each, 4 ounces, Cassia Buds, Fenugreek Seed, Poppy Seed, each, 2 ounces, 
Mustard, Ginger, Mace, each, 1 ounce, Capsicum, Allspice and Garlic, each, 
% ounce. Grind them all together to a fine powder. This is a fair imitation 
of the genuine Indian Curry Powder. It is used for seasoning. 

4536. Celery Salt. — Celery Seed, in fine powder, 1 ounce, Fine, dry 
table Salt 7 ounces. Mix them well together. 

4537. Pepper Sauce. — This is conveniently made by adding good vine- 
gar to whole Bird Pepper, or Capsicum contained in a Pepper Sauce bottle. 

4538. Worcestershire Sauce. — The composition of this sauce is a trade 
secret, but a variety of similar sauces are found on the market. A good imita- 
tion may be made as follows : Chop the green outer covering of unripe walnuts 
5 pounds, bruise them to a pulp in a mortar, pour upon them 6 pints of good 
strong vinegar, and after standing a day heat to boiling and strain with strong 
pressure. To the liquid thus obtained add garlic, grated to a pulp, 2 ounces, 
Capsicum, in fine powder, 2 ounces. Black Pepper 1 ounce, Cinnamon i l / 2 
ounce, Nutmeg Yz ounce, Allspice 1 ounce, Cloves y 2 ounce, all in fine pow- 



MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAE. 1195 

der, Salt 12 ounces, Brown Sugar 8 ounces, and enough good vinegar to 
make 1 gallon of the finished product. This is to stand for some time, with 
frequent agitation, and then be put up in bottles. 

4539. Sugar of Lemons. — Citric Acid 1 ounce, Extract of Lemon 1 
ounce, Sugar 1 pound. Powder the Acid and mix thoroughly with the Sugar, 
rub the Extract of Lemon first with a small quantity of the mixture and then 
with the remainder gradually added. A tablespoonful of this makes a small 
glass of lemonade. 

4540. Butter Color. — Annatto, fresh and of good quality, 2 pounds, 
Salad Oil of good quality without flavor (purified cotton seed oil is best), suf- 
ficient to make 1 gallon. Rub the Annatto with a portion about one third of 
the Oil and macerate it by the heat of a water-bath for 12 hours, stirring 
occasionally, pour off the liquid and add to the residue another portion, about 
one third of the Oil, and macerate as before, adding the product to the por- 
tion before reserved, then add the remainder of the Oil to the sediment, 
macerate as before and add the product to the reserved portions to make 1 
gallon of Butter Color. 

4541. Absorbent Cotton. — This is prepared from fine selected cotton by 
first washing it thoroughly with a weak solution of Sal Soda, and afterwards 
with clear water, then carefully drying. Probably most of the " Absorbent 
Cotton " of the market is nothing but fine selected cotton put up in packages, 
without treatment. 

4542. Aseptol.— This is a sticky faint red liquid of specific gravity, 1.450, 
its oder resembling Carbolic Acid. It is chemically, orthoxyphenyl sulpho 
acid (C 6 H 4 OH (S0 2 H).j), and its proprieties are like Carbolic Acid, but 
three times its strength, and like Salicylic Acid, and its solution is used ex- 
ternally as a wash and antiseptic in place of Carbolic Acid, and internally is 
administered instead of Salicylic Acid, the dose being 2 to 4 grains. 

4543- Hypnone. This is made by distilling together a mixture of benzoin 
and acetate of calcium. It is chemically phenylmethylacetone (C s H s O.) It 
is used as a Hypnotic for Alcoholic insomnia, etc. The dose is 3 to 5 
minims. 

4544. Ichthyol.— This substance was discovered by Schrotter, and is 
obtained by distilling bituminous matter found in Tyrol, which contains the 
fossilized remains of fish and marine animals. 

4545. Phenacetine— This is a new chemical derived from the coal tar 
products, and recommended to be used in place of Antipyrine, being similar 
to it in action, and claiming to be free from any deleterious effects. 

4546. Strophanthin.— This is a new toxic remedy similar in characteris- 
tics to digitalis, and is said to be obtained from the African arrow poison 
plant strophanthus hispidus. 

4547. Vienna Paste or Caustic— I'owdcr and mix together in a warm 
mortar equal parts of Potassa and I'nsl.uked Lime, see 2712. 



INDEX. 



A 




Acacia jurema, fl. ext. 46S 






mucilage, . 


. 630 


Abfuhrender thee 


75S 


mucilage syrup, 


• 396 


Abies balsamea, 


663 


or cassie extract, 


. II51 


fluid extract. 


473 


powder comp., 


• 717 


Canadensis, . 


694 


syrup, . . . 


• 792 


excelsa, . . . 


694 


Acalypha '\ irgin. f 




larix, . . . 


919 


extract, . . 


• 465 


nigra, . . . 


730 


Acanthus, fl. ext. 


• 473 


pectinata, . 


663 


Aceta 


• 50 


Abscess root, fl. ext 


469 


Acetals, . . 


. 96 


Abietic acid, . . 


722 


Acetated tinct. opium, 927 


anhydride, . 66 


2, 722 


Acetate of aluminium, 140 


Absinthe, . 


439 


amyl, 


• 151 


alcoolat, . . 


453 


barium, . 


. 1S7 


essence, . . 


439 


copper, . . . 


• 265 


Absinthin, . . 


732 


copper tincture, 


. 043 


Absinthium, fl. ext. 


473 


ethyl, . . 


7 


oil 


653 


iron, . . . 


■ 511 


tincture compoun 


1, 94S 


iron and ammonium 


Absolute alcohol, 


S7 


mixture, . 


624 


Absorbent cotton, 


46 


iron tincture, . 


. 906 


Abstracta, . . 


etherial, . . 


• 9°7 


Abstract of aconite, 


47. 49 


Rademacher's, 


• 907 


belladonna, 


47 


lead, . . . 


. 696 


conium, 


47 


lead ointment, 


• 984 


digitalis, 


47 


magnesium, . 


. 602 


hyoscyamus, . 


43 


manganese, 


615 


ignatia . . . 


48 


mercury, 


53i 


jalap, . . . 


4- 


morphine, . . 


. 120 


nux vomica, 


4 3 


nickel, . . . 


• 634 


podophyllum, . 


43 


potassium, . 


• 701 


senega, . . . 


48 


potassium elixir, 


. 282 


valerian. 


49 


silver, . . . 


. 170 


Abstracts. 


46 


sodium, 


• 7(7 


by water-bath per 




zinc, .... 


. 1015 


eolation, . . 


49 


Acetates, . . 


• 50 


Abstractum aconiti, 


47 


Acetic acid, . 


56, 57 


belladon.e, . . 


47 


aromatic, . 


• 53 


conii, . . . 


47 


diluted, . . . 


56,58 


digitalis, 


47 


glacial, . . . 


56,53 


hyoscyami, 


48 


Acetic aldehyd, . 


• 96 


ignati.e, 


48 


ether, . . . 




jalap.v, . . . 


48 


extract colchicum 


. 445 


nuci.s vomii 


43 


Acetic fl. ext. blood 




podophylli, 


43 


root, . . . 


. 488 


sencg.e, . . 


43 


digitalis, . . 


• 488 


Valerianae, . 


49 


ot, . . . 




Acacia, . . . 


726 


lobelia, . . . 


■ 488 


catechu, . . 


727 


saneuinaria, 




granulated, 


726 


squill, . 

1 201 





Acetic fluid extracts, 48S 

Acctirieation, . . 51 

Acetone, ... 772 

Acetous emetic, . . 949 

tincture bloodroot, 949 

Acetum 51 

aromaticum, . . 51 

cantharidis, . . 52 

colchici, ... 52 

digitalis, ... 53 

lobelia, ... 53 

opii 53 

opii compositum, 54 

sanguinarioj, . . 54 

scillas, .... 55 

Achillae, fl. extract, 473 

Acida 55 

Acid abietic, . . . 722 

acetic, 56, 57, 694, 734 

acetic, aromatic, . 58 
acetic, diluted, 56, 58 
acetic, glacial, 56, 53 

aconitic, . . . 101 

antimonious, . . 159 

arabic 726 

arsenic, . . . . 177 

arsenious, . . 57, 177 

bismuthic, . . . 115, 
benzoic, . . 57, 182 
boracic, . .5: 
boric, ... 57, 19S 

bromacetic, . 201 
bromic, 

butyric, . . . 20] 

calcium phosphate, 753 

carbazotic, ... 57 
carbolic, . 56, 59, 672 
carbolic, liquified, 56,59 

carbonic, . . . 213 

carbonic, true, . 214 

catechu-tannic, . 727 

ceratic zi 1 

one 236 

chlorocarbonic, 
chlorochromic, 
chlorous, . . 
chromic, . . 57 

cinnamic, . . . 647 

citric 57 

copaivic, . . 
\lic, . . 



1202 



INDEX. 



Acid cyanic, . . . 267 


Acid permanganic, . 


615 


Acidum aceticum di 




drops, Haller's, . 73 


phehic, . . 56, 59 


672 


lutum, . . . 


58 


elixirs 380 


phenic nascent syr. 


S44 


aceticum, glaciale 


53 


Dippell's, . . 3S0 


pheno-salicylic, . 


737 


arseniosum, 


177 


Haller's, . . 380 


phosphate, . 




boricum, 


198 


Yogler's . . . 3S0 


72, 577, 866, 


1023 


carbolicum, 


59 


fruit," .... 849 


Horsford's, 


1023 


carbolicum liqui 




former, .... 55 


syrup, 


861 


dum, . . . 


59 


formic, .... 56 


phosphoric, . 56, 64 


chromicum, 


239 


gallic, ... 57, 873 


phosphoric, di- 




gallicum, 


373 


gambogic, . . . 729 


luted, . . 56, 72 


hydrobrom icum 




gaulthero-salicylic, 737 


phosphoric, elixir, 


357 


dilutum, 


59 


guaiacic, . . . 725 


phosphoric, glacial, 




hydrochloricum, 


60 


hydriodic, . . . 540 


5 


7. 65 


hydrochloricum 




hydriodic, diluted, 56 


phosphorous, . 


675 


dilutum, . 


60 


hydrobromic, . . 201 


picric, .... 


57 


hydrocya n i c u m 




hydrobromic, di- 


prussic, . . 61 


267 


dilutum, . . 6 


1, 267 


luted, . . 56, 59 


pyrogallic, . .57 


873 


hypophosphoro 




hydrochloric, 56, 60, 236 


pyroboric, . . . 


198 


sum, dilutum, 


61 


hydrochloric, di- 


pyrophosphoric, . 


674 


lacticum, . . 6 


2, 542 


luted, . . 56, 60 


salicylic, 


736 


lacticum, dilutum 


62 


hydrocyanic, . . 2O7 


salicylous, . 


737 


nitricum, . . 


62 


hydrocyanic, di- 


selenic, .... 


745 


nitricum, dilutum 


63 


luted', . . 56, 61 


selenous, 


745 


nitro- hydrochlori 




hydrofluoric, . . 513 


silicic, .... 


745 


cum, . 


63 


hypochlorous, . . 236 


sodium sulphite, . 


755 


dilutum, . 


63 


hypophosphorous, 675 


solution nitrate of 




oleicum, . . 6 


4, 655 


hypophosphorous, 


mercury, 


559 


phosphoricum, 


64 


diluted, . . 56, 61 


stannic, .... 


773 


phosphoricum, di 




hyposulphurous, . 781 


stearic, .... 


637 


lutum, . . 


72 


iodic 541 


succinic, 


724 


pyrogallicum, . 


873 


lactic, . . 56, 62, 542 


sulpho-carbolic, . 


782 


salicylicurri, 


736 


lactic, diluted, 56, 62 


sulpho-vinic, . 


782 


sulphuricum, . 


73 


lazaric, .... 875 


sulphuric, . 56, 73 


7Si 


sulphuricum, aro 




lithic 994 


sulphuric, aromatic, 


73 


maticum, 


73 


manganic, . . . 615 


sulphuric, diluted, 56, 74 


sulphuricum, di 




meconic, . . . 666 


sulphurous, 56, 74 


781 


lutum, 


74 


metaboric, . . . 198 


salicylic, . . .57 


736 


sulphurosum, . 


74 


metaphosphoric, 65, 674 


tannic, . . .57 


873 


tannicum, . 


S73 


muriatic, . 56, 60, 236 


tartaric, . .57 


703 


valerianicum, . 


75 


muriatic, diluted, 56, 60 


tart, of potassium, 


703 


Acidus liquor Haller 


, 73 


nitric, . . 56, 62, 636 


telluric, . . . 


874 


Aconine, . 


IOI 


nitric, diluted, 56, 63 


tellurous, . 


874 


Aconite abstract, 


47, 49 


nitric, fuming, . 636 


thiosulphuric, . 


781 


dialysate, . 


273 


nitro-hydrochloric, 


tungstic, 


967 


elixir, 


2S2 


56, 63 


uric 


994 


leaves, extract, 


443 


nitro-hydrochloric, 


valerianic, . . 56, 75 


leaves, fluid extrai 


t, 46S 


diluted, . . 56, 63 


Acidi phosphorici 




liniment, . . 


543 


nitro-muriatic, . 63 


comp. liquor, . 


1023 


plaster, . 


392 


nitro-muriatic, di- 


Acidification, 


56 


root, extract, . 


443 


luted, ... 63 


Acids, organic, . 


55 


root fluid extract, 


459 


nitro-nitric, . . 636 


inorganic, . 


55 


tincture, 


8S2 


nitrous 636 


Acids of bromine, . 


200 


tincture etherial, 


883 


nitroso-nitric, . . 636 


chlorine, 


236 


tincture, Fleming 


s,88 3 


oleic, 56, 64, 637, 655 


iodine, .... 


540 


Aconitia, . . . 


IOI 


oleic, crude, . . 655 


nitrogen, . 


636 


Aconitic Acid, . 


IOI 


orthophosphoric, 


phosphorus, . . 


674 


Aconitin, . 


732 


. . . .56, 64, 674 


sulpho, .... 


7S2 


Aconitina, 


IOI 


oxalic, ... 57, 734 


sulphur, 


7S1 


Aconitine, . . 


IOI 


palmetic, . . . 637 


Acidum aceticum, . 


57 


crystallized, 


102 


perchloric, . . . 236 


aceticum aromati- 




trituration, 


104 


periodic, . 541 


cum 


58 


nitrate, . . . 


104 



INDEX. 



1203 



Acontine ointment. . 


971 


oleate 


637 


sulphate of. 


104 


Acorus calamus, oil, 


646 


Acoustic oil, . . 


653 


Acryl, 


134 


Actcea alba, fl. ext. 


461 


rubra, fl. ext. . . 


461 


tincture. 


S99 


Active principles, ec- 




lectic, 


731 


Adansonia, fl. ext., 


46S 


Adeps 


7; 


benzoinatus, . 76, 973 


prceparatus, 


75 ' 


Adhesive plaster, . 


390 


preparation-. . 


1163 ] 


Adiantum, fl. ext., . 


473 


svrup 


822 


Adjuvans elixir, 


282 


Adrue, fl. ext. . . 


474 | 


Aepfelsaures, eisen 




extract, . 


446 


.•Esculin 


732 


.Ksculus glabra, fl.ext. 46S j 


hippocastanum, fl. 




extract, . . . 


468 


.Ether, .... 


-- 


.Inheres, .... 


-- 


-Ether aceticus, . 


79 


fortior, .... 


79 


hvdrobromicus, . 


79 


hydrochloricus, . 


Bo 


nitrosus, 


80 


purus 


79 


.Etheroies, . . . 


So 


.Etherum oleum, 


3a 


. Ethvleni bichloridum, S3 


Agaric] white, fl. ext. 


• 461 


us, albusfl.ext 


,461 


Agrimonia, fl. ext., 


473 


Agnine 


641 


lire, . . . 


1024 


cures 


1023 


mixture, 


1025 


pills 


1025 


and neuralgia pills, 


1025 


remedy, . . . 


1024 


Ailanthu's, fl.ext., 4&S, 487 


tincture, 


946 


Air elei trilied, . 


61 : 


Akasga, fl. ext., 


461 


Albumenate of iron, 


586 


solution, 


586 


and sodium syrup, 


840 


Albumen, . . . 


63 


Albumenates, . . 


84 


Albumen ^lycerite, . 


519 


Albumenoids, . . 


84 


Albumen ovi, 


83 


Alcohol, . . 84, 8( 


, 734 


■lute, 


S7 



Alcohol ally I, . . 134 
amyl, 85, S6, 95, 150 
amylic, . . . 95, 150 



85. 



amylicum, . 

butyl, . . 

butylic, . . 

cetyl, . . 

deodorized, 

diluted, . . 

diluted, wei 
and volume 

dilutum, 

ethyl, . . 

ethylic, . . 

ethylicum, . 

glyceric, 

heptvl, . . 

hexy'l, . . 

in pharmacy, 

melissyl, 

methyl, . 

methylic, 

methylicum, . 

nonyl, . 

octyl, . . . 

patent, Attwood's 

phenic, . . . 

proof of, . . 

propenyl, . 

propylic, 

radicals, 

radicals, hydrides 

radicals, oxides of 

relation of weight 
to volume 

stronger, ... S7 

wood, . . S5, 86, 95 
Alcoholates, . . 94, 452 
Alcoholes, ... §4 
Alcoholic extract of 

belladonna, 

cinchona, . 

conium, 

gelsemium, 

hyoscyamus, 
Alcohols, . . 

primary, 
Alcoline, ... 
Alconl, . . . 
Alcoolat d'absinthe 

d'anise, ... 

de cannelle, . 
Alcoolats, 

2, 451. 453. 772 
Alcoolature d'aconit, SS2 
Alcoolateures, . . 94 
Alcooli 
Aldehyd, . 

ammonias, 
benzoic, 
benzyl, . 



95 

85 

20] 

- 
88 

.10 

92 
90 

S6 
86 
86 
5i6 
85 
85 
93 
S5 
S6, 95 
95 
95 
85 
S5 
87 
673 

5i6 

713 

85 



443 
444 
445 

44'' 

447 

"I 

S5 

86 

94 

453 

453 

453 



Aldehyd cinnamic, 96, C47 

cumic 96 

salicylic, ... 96 

Aldehydes ... 96 

Aldehyds, . . S5, 96 

aromatic, ... 96 

Alder, black, fl. ext. 476 

tag, fluid extract, . 46S 

Aldines 96 

Ale, ginger, ... 422 

ginger, extract, . 422 

ginger, syrup, 422, 856 

Aletrin, .... 732 

Aletris, fl. ext. 473, 4S7 

cordial, .... 107S 

Algarobia glandulosa, 727 

Algaroth powder, . 159 

Alisma, fluid extract, 476 

Alizarin 875 



Alkali, animal, . 9S, 

carbolic, Grant- 
ville, . . . 

metals, . . . 

mineral, . . 

vegetable, . . 

volatile, 
Alkalies, . . . 
Alkaline earths, 

copaiba mixture, 

ointment, . . 

tincture of aloes, 

tincture of guaiac, 

tincture of amber, 

solution of tar. . 

sulphur ointment, 
Alkaloides, . . . 
Alkaloids, 

and their salts, . 

artificial, . . 9S, 

general directions 
for preparing, . 

in opium, . . . 

natural, 

(■Kates 

termination of, 
Alkamides, . . . 
Alkanet, fl. ext. . . 

tincture, 
Alkanna, fl. ext. 
Alliaria, oil, . 



142 

5S7 

699 

9S 

9 S 

142 

97 

9 S 

629 

993 

94S 

912 

94S 

592 

9S9 

98 

98 

101 

133 

99 

98 
656 

98 
143 
461 
947 
461 
652 



Alligator pear, il. ext'. 475 



96 

6 4S 



Ulium, tl. ext. 
Allotropic forms of 
phosphorus, 

sulphur, . . . 
Alloys "I antimony, 

bismuth, 

copper, .... 264 

Allspice, fl. i\t., 

( larolina, fl. ext., 465 

. . . 4x4 

oil 649 



479 

674 

780 

toi 



1204 



INDEX. 



Allspice oleoresin, . 662 

Allyl 131 

alcohol, . . . 134 
hydrate, . . . 134 
isothiocyanate, . 135 
sulphide, . . . 134 
sulphocyanate, . 134 
sulphocyanide, 650 

Almond, bitter, . . 645 
bitter, oil, . . . 645 
confection, . . 260 
essence, . . . 410 
ess'e for perfumes, 11 52 
hair lotion, . . 1143 
milk of, 260, 40S, 1148 
mixture, . . . 621 
oil essential, . . 645 
oil, expressed, . 63S 
paste, .... 260 
powder compound, 714 
sweet, .... 638 
tooth cream, . . 1137 

syrup 794 

water, bitter, . . 163 
Almonds, emulsion, 40S 
Alnus, rubra, fl. ext. 46S 

Aloe, 135 

purirlcata, . . . 135 
Aloes, . . . 135, 727 
and iron powder, 720 
and myrrh liq. ext. 494 
and myrrh tinct, . 884 
BarbadOes, 135, 727 
and canella powder, 720 
cape, . . 135, 727 

elixirs 3S0 

extract, aqueous, 443 
extract, .... 443 
liquid extract, . 493 
powder, comp. . 720 
purified, . . . 135 
Socotrina, . 135, 727 
tincture, . . . 883 
tincture alkaline, . 94S 
tincture, comp.,3So, 3S1 

wine 99S 

Aloin, ..... 136 

Alstonia, fl. ext . . 461 

Alterative extract, . 1027 

compound, . . 1026 

elixir, .... 1087 

juice 1027 

Scudders, . . . 950 

syrup 826 

Alteratives, . . . 1026 

iodide, .... 10S7 

Althaea flowers, fl. ext. 473 

root, fl. ext. . . 473 

mucilage, . . . 633 

syrup 794 

Alum 137 

burnt 13S 



Alum curd, . . 


. 133 


Ammonia spirit aro- 




dried, 


• 13S 


matic, 


762 


glycerite, . 


• 517 


spirit fetid, 


763 


iron, 


. 510 


tincture compound 


948 


ointment, . 


• 992 


water of , . . . 


144 


root, fl. ext. . 


475 


strong solution, 144, 548 


sulphur soap, . 


744 


stronger water, . 


144 


whey, 


. 133 


Amnionic, aqua, 


143 


Alunien, . 


137 


Ammoniac, . 


728 


exsiccatum, 


133 


gum, .... 


728 


Alumina, . 


• T 39 


mixture, . . . 


620 


hydrated, . 


139 


plaster, .... 


382 


Aluminiate of sodiu 


u, 757 


plaster, with mer- 




Aluminii hydras, 


139 


cury 


383 


sulphas, . . 


139 


Ammoniacal cerate, 


225 


Aluminium, . 


136 


Ammoniacum, . 


728 


acetate, . . 


140 


Ammoniated cam- 




acetate solution, 


547 


phor liniment, . 


544 


bromide, . . 


140 


copper, .... 


266 


bronze, . 


137 


glycyrrhizin, . . 


523 


chloride, 


140 


mercury, 


524 


hydrate, 


139 


mercury ointment, 


979 


iodide, . 


140 


tincture cochineal, 


95o 


nitrate, . 


140 


tinct. of cinchona, 


949 


oleate, . . . 


658 


tinct. of guaiac, . 


912 


oxide, . 


139 


tinct. of gentian, 


950 


phosphate, 


140 


tinct. of opium, . 


927 


sulphate, . . 


139 


tinct. of quinine, 


933 


tannatej . . 


140 


tinct. of valerian, 


942 


Alunin, 


732 


Ammonii, benzoas, 


145 


Amalgam, . ig 


1. 524 


bromidum, . . 


145 


ammonium, 


141 


carbonas, . 


145 


bismuth, 


191 


chloridum, . 


146 


mercury, 


524 


iodidum, 


147 


Amandine, 


1134 


nitras 


147 


Amber, 


724 


phosphas, . . . 


147 


cement, . 


1164 


sulphas, . . . 


148 


lemon or orange, 


251 


valerianas, . . . 


14S 


oil, .... 


650 


Ammonio-chloride of 




tincture, 


947 


iron tincture, . 


949 


tincture, alkaline, 


948 


Ammonio-ferric 




Ambergris oil, . 


654 


alum, 


503 


ext. for perfumes 


"53 


tartrate, . . . 


503 


tincture, . . 


946 


sulphate, . . . 


503 


Ambrette, or ambei 




citrate, .... 


502 


seed, fl. ext. 


462 


Ammonium, . 


141 


tincture, . . 


947 


acetate solution, . 


543 


Ambrosia, fl. ext. 


473 


strong, . 


548 


syrup, . 


850 


amalgam, . 


141 


Amides, ... 9 


S, 142 


arseniate, . . . 


149 


Amidogen, 


142 


benzoate, . . . 


145 


Amines, ... 9 


8, 142 


bicarbonate, . 


149 


Ammonia, 


141 


bichromate, 


149 


Ammonia alum, 


137 


borate 


149 


etherate, . . . 


81 


bromide, . . . 


145 


gas 


Mi 


bromide syrup, . 


833 


liniment, 


543 


carbamate, 


145 


muriate . . . 


146 


carbazotate, 


149 


muriate syrup, 


S43 


carbonate, . . . 


145 


solution, . .14 


3. 543 


chloride, . . . 


146 


spirit, 


761 


chloride troches, 


961 


spirit, anisated, 5. 


9.763 


chloride syrup, 


843 



INDEX. 



1-20.3 



Ammonium citrate, . 


149 


Amyline, .... 


518 


Anisited spirit of 




citrate solution, . 


549 


Amyloxide, . 


151 


ammonia, . 


549 


strong, . 


549 


Amylum, .... 


152 


An is alcoolat, . . 


453 


fluoride, . . . 


149 


iodatum, 


153 


Anise, 


646 


formate, 


M9 


Anagallis arvensis, fl. 




camphor, . 


646 


gallate 


149 


extract, . 


473 


elixir, .... 


2S3 


hydrate, . . . 


141 


Anamirta paniculata, 


675 


essence, . . 


410 


hydrosulphide, 


149 


Anchusa, ii. extract, 


461 


fluid extract, . 


40 S 


hypophosphite, . 


M9 


tincture, . . . 


947 


oil, 


646 


iodide 


147 


Andira, fl. extract, . 


473 


spirit 


764 


molybdate, ■ . . 


149 


Anemone, fl. ext., . 


473 


star, fluid extract. 


468 


nitrate, .... 


147 


tincture, 


947 


water 


164 


nitrite, .... 


150 


Anemopsis, fl. ext., 


468 


Aniseed cordial, . 


283 


ointment, . 


992 


Anesthetic, Edison's, 


1189 


Anisette 


440 


oxalate, . . . 


ISO 


Anethol, .... 


646- 


cordial, .... 


.440 


phenylate, . 


150 


liquid 


646 


essence, 


440 


phosphate, 


147 


Anethene, 


645 


Anisum 


646 


phosphomolybdate, 


149 


Anethum, fl. extract, 


46S 


fluid extract, . . 


46 S 


picrate, .... 


149 


Angelica, essence, . 


416 


oleum, .... 


646 


salicylate, . . . 


150 


fluid extract, . 


461 


Annatto, .... 


S75 


salts, .... 


144 


extract 


416 


Annattoine, . 249 


875 


sesquicarbonate, . 


145 


ext. for perfumes, 


"53 


Anodyne balsam, . 


1034 


succinate, . 


150 


spirit compound, 


763 


elixir 


102S 


sulphate, . . . 


148 


Angelica oil, . 


652 


Hoffmann's, . 


760 


sulphide, . . . 


149 


Angleworm oil, . . 


641 


suppositories, . 


7?4 


sulphite, . . . 


150 


Angostura bitters, ext 


436 


Anodynes, 


1027 


sulphocarbolate, . 


782 


bitters, .... 


436 


Anthemis, fl. ext. . 


473 


sulphocyanate, 


150 


Angustura, fl. ext. . 


46S 


infusum, . . . 


536 


valerianate, 


14S 


oil 


652 


syrup, .... 


823 


valerianate elixir, 


373 


tincture, 


947 


tincture, 


946 


valerianate and 




Anhydrides, . 


667 


Anthracen, . . 694 


, S75 


iron elixir, . 


374 


abietic, . . 662 


722 


Anti-asthmatic elixir, 


380 


valerianate and 




nitric 


635 


paper 


230 


morphine elixir, 


374 


nitrous, . . . 


635 


Anti-epileptic mix- 




valerianate and 




sulphuric, . 


781 


ture 


62S 


quinine elixir, . 


374 


sulphurous, 


73i 


Antifebrin, . 132 


160 


valerianate and 




not true acids, 


55 


elixir, .... 


283 


strychnine elixir, 


375 


Anil 


154 


Antimonial plaster, 


392 


vanadinate, 


150 


Anilina 


154 


soap 


743 


Ampelopsin, . 


732 


Aniline, 133, 154,673, 694 


powder, 


7M 


Ampelopsis, fl. ext. 


473 


black 


155 


wine 


999 


Amygdala amara, . 


645 


blue 


155 


Antimoniate of po- 




dulcis 


638 


brown 


155 


tassium, 


710 


Amygdalin, . 


645 


dyes, .... 


154 


Antimonic anhydride 


159 


talis persica, 




eosine 


155 


Antimonii et potassii 




11. extract, 473 


487 


gray 


155 


tartras, . 


t 5 6 


Amyl 85 


150 


green 


155 


oxidum, 


157 


acetate, .... 


151 


oil 150, 1; 


sulphidium, . . 


'?- 


alcohol, . 85, 95 


|: " 


orange 


i?5 


sulphidium puri- 




butyrate, . .151 


201 


purple 


155 


factum, . . . 




chloride, 


151 


i-l 


i?l 


Antimoni m> acid, 


159 


formate, . . . 


151 


violet 


155 


ide 


157 


hydrate, . . 95 


[50 


violet, I [oilman's, 


155 


Antimonium, 


i55 


hydrated oxide, . 


151 


yellow, .... 


155 


suiphuratum, . 


[59 


iodide, .... 


151 


Animal alkali, r 


, 142 


Antimony, . . . 




nitrate 


15' 


charcoal, . 


•ji 1 


alloys 




nitris 


'5' 


charcoal, purified, 


21 1 


ami potassium tart 


[5 e 


nitrite 


[« 1 


drugs 


23 


Mark 


158 


nitrite pearls, . . 


152 


oil, I tippet's, . . 


641 


bromide, 




valerianate, 


151 


oils 


643 


butter, . . i' 


Ann lie alcohol, . 95 


150 


Anime 


;-i 


chloride solution, 


549 


Amylene 


151 


gu'» 


724 


crocus of, . . . 


t6o 



1206 



Antimony, ethiops of 


[60 


Appletreebark, fl. ext 


476 


Argenti, cyanidum, 


172 


fluoride, . . . 


159 


Apricot syrup, . . 


850 


iodidum, . . 


173 


glass of, ... 


160 


Aquse 


161 


nitras, . 


173 


golden sulphide. . 


160 


Aqua ammonia;, 


143 


nitras dilutus, 


174 


gray 


155 


ammonia; fortior, 


144 


nitras fusus, . 


174 


iodide 


159 


amygdalae amarse, 


163 


nitras mitigatus, 


174 


liver of, ... 


160 


anethi, .... 


164 


oxidum, . . 


175 


oxide, .... 


157 


anisi, .... 


164 


Argentum, . . 


172 


oxides, .... 


159 


aurantii riorum, . 


164 


foliatum, 


172 


oxyehloride .157 


159 


camphora?, 


165 


purificatum, . 


172 


oxysulphide. . 


160 


carbolisata, 


165 


Argols 


703 


pen-tasulphide, 


160 


carui, .... 


166 


Arnica flowers, fl. ex 


.,468 


perchloride, 


549 


chlori, .... 


235 


flowers, extract, 


443 


purified sulphide, 


15S 


chloroformi, . . 


166 


tincture, . . 


885 


sulphantimoniate, 


160 


cinnamomi, 


166 


glycerite, . . 


519 


sulphate, . . . 


160 


creasoti, . . . 


167 


jelly, . . . 


1147 


sulphide, . . . 


158 


destillata, . 


167 


liniment, 


1092 


sulphurated, . 


159 


foeniculi, 


167 


oil 


652 


sulphuret, . 


15 s 


fortis 


636 


plaster, . . . 


333 


tartrated, . 


156 


gaultheriae, 


168 


root, fluid extract 


471 


terchloride, 


160 


lauro-cerasi, . 


16S 


root extract, . 


443 


trioxide, 


157 


lucise, .... 


94S 


tincture, . . 


886 


vitrified, . . . 


160 


menthae piperita;, 


169 


tooth wash, 


"37 


wine, .... 


99S 


menthae viridis, . 


169 


Arnotta, . 


875 


Anti-moth paper, . 


1170 


picis, .... 


169 


Aromatic fl. ext., 


459 


Antiperiodic oint, . 


993 


pimentae, . 


170 


bitters, . 


437 


Antipyrin, . 132 


160 


phagedaenica, . 


596 


bitters extract, 


436 


elixir, .... 


284 


regia, .... 


636 


cachous, 


435 


Anti-rheumatic paper, 


230 


rosa; 


170 


confections, . 


266 


Antiscrobutic syrup, 


826 


sambuci, 


171 


cordial, . . . 


262 


tincture, 


949 


Aquarium cement, . 


1 164 


ext. Jamaica gin 




wine,' .... 


1014 


Aqueous ext. aloes, 


443 


ger, . . • 


1074 


Antiscrofulous elixir, 


950 


extract cinchona, . 


444 


ointment, . 


993 


Antiseptic supposito- 




fl. ext. bael fruit, 


489 


powder, 


714 


ries 


786 


fl. ext. broom tops, 


489 


chalk andopiun 


1, 715 


Antispasmodic tinct. 


950 


fl. ext. cascara sa- 




series, . 


190 


Ants tincture, 


949 


grada, 


490 


species or herbs, 


75S 


Aperient, seltzer, 




fl. ext. goldenseal, 


490 


spirit of ammonia 


762 


. . . . 603, 


"15 


fl. ext. hydrastis, 


490 


tincture, . . 


886 


effervescing pow- 




fl. ext. ipecac, 


490 


vinegar, . 51 


1161 


ders, .... 


715 


fl. ext. liquorice, 


491 


vinegar of opium 


54 


magnesian water, 


869 


fl. ext. opium, 


49 1 


wine, . . 999 


1006 


magnesian, 


603 


fl. ext. senega, 


491 


Arrowroot, 


153 


Apis mellifica, . 


61S 


fl. extract, senna, 


492 


Arrow wood, fl. ext. 


476 


Apium, fl. extract, . 


461 


fluid extracts, . . 


489 


Arseniate of ammo 




Apocynin, 


732 


tinct. of rhubarb, 


934 


nium, 


149 


Apocynum, fl. ext. 


46S 


Arabic acid, . 


726 


barium, 


1S7 


Apocodeine, . . . 


666 


gum, .... 


726 


copper, . 


266 


Apollinaris water so- 




Arabin, .... 


726 


iron, . . 17 


S, 499 


lution 


868 


Aralia comp. fl. ext., 


485 


iron ointment, 


992 


Apomorphia, 104 


666 


hispida, fl. ext., . 


473 


lead, . . . 


698 


Apomorphina, 104 


666 


nudicaulis, fl. ext., 


473 


sodium, . 17 


3, 747 


Apomorphine, IC4 


666 


racemosa, fl. ext.. 


473 


sodium ointment, 


992 


Apomorphince h y - 




spinosa, fl. ext., . 


473 


manganese, 


615 


drochloras, . 


105 


spinosa tincture, . 


947 


mercury, 


531 


Apples, ferrated ex- 




Arbor vitse, fl. ext. . 


462 


potassium, . 


711 


tract, . . . 


446 


tincture, 


947 


Arseniates, 


177 


tincture, . . 


90? 


Arbutin, .... 


732 


Arsenite of potas 




essence or ext. 


428 


Arbutus, trailing, fl. 




sium solution, 


55o 


oil, 


151 


extract, . 


474 


Arsenites, 


177 


Apple, bitter, fl. ext. 


474 


Archil, .... 


876 


Arsenic, 


177 


syrup 


S50 


Areca catechu, fl. ext 


473 


acid, . . . 


177 



INDEX. 



1207 



Arsenic and iodide of 




Aseptol 


ii*r 


Australian cholera 




mercury elixir, . 


2S5 


tooth-ache remedy, 


1121 


specific, 


1054 


and mercury io- 




Ash, black, fl. ext., 


474 


Ava kava, fluid ext. 


462 


dide, solution, . 


550 


prickly, fl. ext., . 


460 


A vena sativa, fl. ext. 


46r 


and stry chnine 




prickly, southern, 




concentrated tinct. 


1129 


elixir. 


285 


fluid extract, . 


469 


Avens, European, fl. 




bisulphide, 


179 


wafer, fl. ext., 469, 4S7 


extract, . . . 


474 


bromide, . . . 


179 


white, fl. ext., 


474 


water, fluid ext. . 


474 


chloride, . 


179 


Asiatic tincture for 




Azedarach, fluid ext. 


461 


chloride solution, 


547 


cholera, . . . 


1054 


Azote, ..... 


635 


elixir, .... 


•285 


Asimina triloba, fluid 








iodide 


178 


extract, . 


465 






oxide, .... 


177 


Asphalt, .... 


694 


B 




trisulphide, 


179 


Asphaltum, . . . 


724 






white, .... 


177 


liquid, .... 


724 


Babbitt-metal, . . 


156 


Arsenical cerate, 


225 


Asparagin, 


732 


Baby soother, . . 


1113 


ointment, cancer, 


992 


Asparagus, fl. ext. . 


473 


Baccharis pilularis, fl. 




ointment, mild, . 


992 


Aspidium, fl. ext. . 


461 


extract, . 


465 


ointment, hospital, 


992 


oleo-resin, . . . 


661 


Bael fruit, fl. ext. . 


4S9 


soap 


743 


Aspidosperma, fl. ext 


405 


Baking soda, . 


743 


Arsenicum, . 


177 


tincture, 


947 


powder, . . . 


1167 


iodide, .... 


178 


Asthma cure, . . 


1030 


Balm, eucalyptus, . 


1032 


Arsenii iodidum, 


178 


cures 


1030 


Gilead 


1S2 


Arsenious acid, . 57 


177 


inhalant, . . . 


1030 


Gilead buds, tinct. 


946 


acid solution, . 


547 


mixture, . . . 


628 


Gilead, factitious, 


133 


anhydride, . .57 


177 


pastiles, 


1031 


Gilead, fl. ext., 462 


,437 


oleate, .... 


65S 


relief, .... 


1030 


lemon, fl. ext., 


475 


oxide, .... 


177 


remedies, . . . 


1029 


magic, .... 


1032 


Artificial fruit essen- 




remedy, . . . 


1029 


magnetic, . 


1032 


ces 


427 


Asthmatic cigarettes, 


1031 


mint oil, . . . 




flavors 


427 


Astragalus, . 


727 


pain cure, . 


1032 


gum 


271 


Astre puniceus, fl. ext 


• 478 


ready, .... 


1033 


Artimisia abrota- 




Astringent ointment, 


993 


of a thousand flow- 




num, fl. ext., . 


468 


suppositories, . . 


735 


ers, .... 


1 1 36 


frigida, fl. ext., . 


468 


tinct., Copeland's, 


949 


spirit 


769 


syrup compound, 


826 


Atomizers, steam, . 


000 


universal, . 


186 


vulgaris, fl. ext., 


468 


Atropia, .... 


105 


wizard 


C033 


Arum triphyllum, fl. 




sulphate, . . . 


106 


Balms or panaceas, . 


[ 03 1 


extract, . . . 


487 


Atropin, .... 


732 


Balmony, fl. ext., . 


473 


Asafetida, . . . 


728 


Atrophia 


105 


Balsam anodyne, 


1034 


and magnesia mix- 




Atropin. e sulphas, . 


106 


calaba 


l8i 


ture, .... 


625 


Atropine, .... 


105 


"la, 


663 


elixir 


285 


discs 


542 


l.i, factition, 


183 


emulsion, . 


408 


elixir, .... 


286 


canker, .... 


1034 


fluid extract, . . 


494 


ointment, . . . 


972 


Carpathina, 


1 sj 


liquid extract, 


494 


oleate 


657 


caustic, Go m- 




mixture, 


621 


sulphate solution, 


551 


baulfs, . . . 


l-U 


oil 


052 


Attwood's patent Al- 




China, varnish, . 




plaster 




cohol 


37 


copaiba, 


■ 


syrup 


824 


Aubergier's syrup of 




copaiba factitious, 


is; 


tincture, . . . 


S87 


lactucarium, 


806 


1I1. 1 reduced, . 


[83 


tincture etherial, . 


952 


Aural suppositories, 


7-o 


copaiba tincture, . 


946 


Asarum, fl. extract, 


46] 


Aurantii, amari, fl. ext. 4'''' 


cough 


io6a 


1 ompound syrup, 


826 


dull is, fluid ext. . 


47.; 


flora vanti, . 




tin 


732 


elixir 




fir, ... 182 


. 663 




662 


Aurantium infusion, 




fir hark. fl. ext., . 




uuti, fl. 




infusion comp. 




fir emulsion, 


l"7 


. 


46] 


■ sodii cblori- 




fir oil, . 




curassavica, fl. ext. 




ilnin 


179 


tir tincture, . . 


346 


incamata, fl. ext., 


461 


Aurum 


C7 1 


. 


890 


tuberosa, fluid ex- 




Australian bitter 




Goulard's, 


185 


tract, . . 461 


,487 


hark, fluid <-\t. 


J6l 


1- 





120S 



INDEX. 



Balsam guaiacum, . 


1S5 


Barbers' shampoo, ' . 11 44 


Beberia sulphate, 


107 


guriun, . . 1S2 


, 663 


Barium, 


. 1S7 


Beberina, . 


107 


honey, .... 


1S4 


acetate, . 


. 1S7 


Beberinse sulphas, 


107 


Hungarian, 1S2 


, 663 


arseniate, . 


. 1S7 


Beberine, . 


107 


Japan varnish, 


182 


benzoate. 


. 1S7 


Beberine sulphate, 


107 


life, Hoffman's, . 


62S 


bromide. 


. 187 


Beech American fl. e 


x- 474 


Locatelle's, 


1035 


carbonate, ■ . 


. 1S7 


Bed bug poisons, 


1 1 70 


lung 


1067 


chloride 


. iSS 


Beef coca and iroi 


l 


Mecca 


1S2 


chromate, . 


. iSS 


tonic, 


111S 


Mecca factitious. . 


1S3 


hydrate, 


. 188 


and coca tunic, 


1 1 1 s 


Metz 


1S5 


iodide, . . 


. iSS 


elixir, 


2S6 


nervine, 


994 


nitrate, . . 


. I8S 


essence, . . 


416 


ointments. . 


992 


oxalate, . 


. IS8 


extract, . . . 


416 


Peckham's, 


1036 


oxides, . 


. iSS 


and iron elixir, 


2S6 


pectoral, 


1S5 


peroxide, 


. IS8 


iron and cinchom 


I 


Peru 


181 


sulphate, 


. iSS 


elixir. 


2S7 


Peru emulsion, 


40S 


sulphide, . 


. iSS 


iron and cinchom 


I 


Peru factitious, 


1S4 


sulphite, 


. iSS 


wine, 


1008 


Peru ointment, 


992 


Bark extract, . 


• 444 


juice, 


416 


Peru reduced, . 


1S4 


Barks, . . . 


20 


peptone, . . 


670 


Peru syrup, 


824 


Barley malt, fl. 


ext. 475 


tea extract, hot, 


867 


Peru tincture, 


947 


sugar, . . 


• 735 


wine, 


1007 


Rackasira, . 


182 


Barometer paper, 


. 240 


wine and iron, 


1007 


Riga, .... 


1S2 


Barosmin, . 


73 2 


Beer, birch, . 


425 


saturnine, . 


185 


Basham's mixture 


, • 624 


birch extract, 


425 


sulphur, . . . 


186 


Basic mercuric sul- 


Ottawa, . . 


425 


Thibault's, . . 


J 035 


phate, 


• 530 


Ottawa, extract, 


425 


tolu, 


1S1 


Basilicon oint. , 


221,987 


Peruvian, . 


425 


tolu factitious, 


184 


black, . . 


• 992 


Peruvian extract, 


425 


Turlington's, . 


1035 


Bassorin, . 


• 727 


root, . . . 


427 


turpentine, . 182 


, 1S6 


Bateman's pect 


oral 


spruce, . . . 


427 


universal, . 


1S6 


drops, 


. 1 106 


spruce, extract, 


427 


vegetable, healing, 


1035 


lotion, . . 


• 597 


Beeswax, . 


214 


viride, .... 


1S5 


Battery solutions 


or 


Beet-root sugar, 


734 


Balsamic comp'ds, . 


1S4 


fluids, . . 


• 5S6 


Behn oil, . . . 


642 


mixt. Hoffman's, . 


628 


Batteries gravity, 


• 586 


Belladonna abstract 


47 


tooth wash, 


"37 


high resistance 


, • 5S6 


dialysate, . 




Balsams, . 20, 180, 


1033 


Leclanche, . 


. 5S6 


elixir, 


287 


factitious, . 


183 


medicinal, . 


• 5S6 


extract, alcoholic 


443 


natural, true, . 


1S1 


Battley's sedative 


so- 


juice, 


775 


proprietary, 


1033 


lution, 


. 5S9 


leaves, fl. extract 


468 


Balsamodendron 




Baumes, . . 


. 1S0 


liniment, . . 


543 


mukul, .... 


663 


Bayberry bark syi 


up, 589 


oil" .... 


640 


myrrh a, 


729 


fluid extract, 


. 462 


ointment, . 


072 


Bambor, brier fl. ext. 


476 


oil, . . . 


. 662 


plaster, . 


384 


Banana ess. or ext., 


429 


tallow, . . 


• 215 


root, fluid extract, 


459 


syrup, .... 


851 


Bay essence, . 


. 410 


syrup, . . . 


824 


Bandoline, 


1131 


hair grower, 


• 1 143 


tincture, 


'8S9 


rose, .... 


1131 


hair lotion. 


• "43 


Belhvort fl. extract 


469 


quince, .... 


1131 


laurel fluid extr 


act, 469 


Belt polish, 


"79 


powder, .... 


1131 


oil, . . . 


• 649 


Benjamin,' 


1S2 


Baneberry, red, fl. ext 


,461 


rum, . . 


770, I 144 


Benne fluid extract 


469 


Baobab, fluid ext., . 


468 


wax, 


215 


oil 


639 


Baptisia, fl. ext., 461 


. 4S7 


Bdellium, 


663, 729 


Benzene series, . 


190 


tincture, 


947 


Beach-nut oil, 


. 662 


Benzin, 


1S9 


Baptisin, .... 


732 


Beach's ointment 


• 994 


jelly, . . . 


1169 


Barata, caustic, . . 


188 


Bearberry fl. extr 


act, 472 


petroleum, . 


189 


water, .... 


18S 


infusion, 


• 538 


Benzine, . 


671 


Barates, . . . 1S7 


, 188 


Bear's foot fl. ext. 


,465,4S7 


fragrant, 


1 168 


Barbadoes tar, 


655 


grease, . 


. 641 


Benzinum, 


189 


Barberry, fl. extract, 


468 


oil, . . . 


. 641 


Benzoate ammonium 


145 


Barbers' pomade, 


1 144 


Bebeeru fl. extrac 


t, • 465 


barium, . 


187 



INDEX. 



1209 



Benzoate iron, . . 5 11 

lithium, . . . 593 

manganese, . . 615 

sodium 747 

Benzoated tincture 

opium 

Benzoates, . . . 182 

Benzoic ether, . . 78 
acid, . . . 57. 

acid lozenges, . . 960 

acid troches, . . 960 

aldehyd, ... 96 

Benzoin 182 

Benzoinated lard, 76, 973 

ointment, ... 76 

petrolatum, . . 973 
Benzoin comp. fluid 

extract, .... 494 

fluid extract, . . 494 

comp. liquid ext. , 494 

liquid extract, . 494 

oil 654 

ointment, . . . 973 

tincture, . . . 889 

tincture comp., . 890 

svrup 824 

Benzol, . . 1S9, 694 
Benzolum, . . 

Benzoyl 182 

sulphonic-imide, . 736 

Benzyl-aldehyd, . . 645 

benzoate, . . ■ I Si 

cinnamate, . . 1-1 
Berberia, ... 

Berberina, . . . 10S 
Berberina; hydrochlo- 

ras, . . . • 109 
Berberince sulphas. 
Berberine, . 1 

and iron elixir, . 288 
bismuth and iron 

elixir, . . . 2S7 

hydrochlorate, . 109 

sulphate, ... 109 
Berberis aquifolium 

fluid extract, 468, 4-7 

vulgaris, fl. ext., . 465 

mot essence, . 4 I,J 

esse, for perfumes, 1152 

oil 

wild, fluid ext., . 469 

. . . 20 

Betel nut fl ext., 473 

Beth root, fl. ext., . 462 

Betin 

dca, fl. ext., 

Betony, fl. ext., . . 468 

Betula lenta, fl. ext.. 473 

Bibiria 107 

Biborate sodium, 1 
Bicarbonate am'nium, 149 

issiom, . . . 7" 1 



Bicarbonate sodium, 745 

sodium troches, . 966 

Bichloride ethylene. Bo, B3 

mercury, . . . 526 

Bichromate am'nium, 149 

lead, 698 

potassium, . . . 702 
Bidens bipinnati fl. 

extract, . . . 473 

Bimeconate morphine, 122 

Bin-iodide mercury. . 527 

Bin-oxal'e potassium, 712 

Bin-oxidide nitrogen, 635 

Birch beer, . . . 425 

beer extract, . . 425 

beer syrup, . 425. -51 

fluid extract, . 473 

oil 652 

tar, 694 

tar oil, .... 652 

Birth root, fluid ext., 462 

Bismuth, .... 191 

alloys, .... 191 

amalgam, . . . 191 

ammonium citrate, 194 
ammonium citrate 

solution, . . . 570 

basic chloride, . 196 

bromide, . . . 196 

carbonate, . . . 192 

chromate, . . . 197 

citrate, .... 193 

elixir 2SS 

glycerite, . . . 519 
hair dye, . . .1141 

hydrated oxide, . 195 

and iron elixir, . 289 
iron and strychnine 

elixir, . . . 289 

lactate, . . . . 197 

liquor 

lozenges, . . . 961 

nitrate 197 

oleate, . . . 65S 

oxalate, . . 197 

oxide, .... 194 

oxycarbonate, . . 192 

oxychloride, . . 197 

oxynitrate, . . . 196 

purified, . . . 192 

salicylate, ... I r 

solution, 5 : ' 

sub-carbonate, I . : 

sub-chloride, . 196 

sub-nitrate, . . [96 
tannate, . . 

tartrate, . . , 1 C 

terchloride, . . i<)~ 

tris-nitrate, . . i<;7 

valerianate, . . I<)7 

Bismuthi carbonas, . [92 

citraa 193 



Bismuthi et ammonu 

citras, . . . . 194 

oxidum, . . . 194 

sub-carbonas, . . 195 

sub-nitras, . . . 196. 

Bismuthic acid, . . 195 

anhydride, . . . 195 

oxide, .... 195 

Bismuthum, . . . 191 

puriricatum, . . 192 

Bistort fluid extract, 473 

Bistorta, fl. ext., . 473 

Bisulphate of arsenic, 179 

potassium, . . . 711 

quinine, . . . 126 

Bisulphide carbon, . 212 

potassium, . . . 711 

Bisulphite sodium, . 

Bitartrafepotass'm, 703 

Bitter almond essence, 410 

almond oil, . . 645 
almond oil, artifi- 
cial, . . .190, 645 

almond water, 163 

apple, fl. ext., . 474 

bugle, fl. ext., 47 r 

elixir 3S0 

orange peel tinct- 
ure, . . . 8S7 
polygala, fl. ext., . 476 
root, fluid ext. , . 46S 
tincture, . . . 8S5 
wine of iron, . 

1002, 100S, 1014 

Bitters, aromatic, . 437 

angostura, . . . 436 

blood, .... 1040 

burdock blood, . 1040 

cinchona, . . . 438 

extracts, . . . 436 
extract aromatic, 

extract, angostura, 436 

extract, Boker's, . 437 

extract orange, . 43; 

extract, Peruvian, 438 

extract, stomach. 438 
extract, Stoughton, 430 

ext. wild cherry, . 439 
( lerman liver, . .104] 

hop 1037 

iron 1038 

iron tonic, . . . 1039 

iron wine, . 1040 

jaundice, . . . i"42 

laxative, . . . 1042 

malt 'I' 

mandrake, . . 1042 

orange 437 

Peruvian, . . 438 

plantation, . . 1038 

poor man's. [04a 

proprietary, . . 1036 



1210 



IXDI'.X. 



Bitters in powder, . 


1043 


Blood dragon's, . 


725 


Boro-glyceride, . 


• J 99 


restorative wine, . 


1014 


flower, fl. extract 


46S 


Boron 


• *97 


rheumatic, . 


nog 


and liver syrup, 


1026 


Borotartrate of potas 




stomach, . 43S, 


103/ 


orange syrup, . 


860 


sium, . 


• 7ii 


vinegar, 


1043 


proprietary, 


1044 


Boswellia, . 


• 730 


wahoo, .... 


103S 


purifiers, 


1044 


Bottle wax, . . 


. 217 


wild cherry, . . 


439 


purifying tea, . 


1045 


Boundon, fl. ext., 


. 401 


Bittersweet, fl. ex. 47] 


,474 


root, fl. extract, 


460 


Bouquet essence, 


• 1 1 55 


false, fluid extract, 


473 


root, fl. ext. acetic 


4 S3 


Box, fluid extract, 


. 468 


syrup 


823 


root syrup, . 


S23 


Brandy, 


• 771 


Bittern, . . 200 


, 588 


root tincture, . 


937 


artificial, 


. 11S7 


Bitumen, fossil, . . 


724 


root tincture, acet 




mixture, 


• 771 


Bixa, orellana, 


S75 


ous, . . . 


949 


syrup, . . . 


. S51 


Black antimony, . 


158 


root tincture com 




Brass 


. 26 


Blackberry carmina- 




pound, . . 


949 


Brassica, . 


• 639 


tive, .... 


1045 


Bloom of roses, . 


"33 


Brayera, fluid ext., 


• 459 


cordial, .... 


1069 


Ninon, face powde 


-.1135 


infusion, 


• 534 


elixir, . . 


290 


youth, . 


1133 


Brazil-nut oil, 


. 662 


essence or extract, 


429 


Blondine, . 


533 


Brimstone, 


. 780 


fluid extract, . . 


467 


Blueberry essence 




horse, 


. 780 


fl. ext. compound, 


4S1 


extract, . . 


430 


Britannia metal, . 


. 156 


root syrup, 


S23 


syrup, . . . 


857 


British blackdraugh 


t, 627 


syrup, . . . 81^1 


, 850 


Blue chemic, . 


877 


gum, . . . 


• 271 


syrup aromatic, . 


S26 


flag extract, 


447 


oil 


• 653 


Black cherry essence 




flag, fl. extract, 


464 


Bromacetic acid, 


. 201 


or extract, . . 


429 


flag tincture, . 


947 


Bromal, . . . c 


)6, 200 


cohosh elixir, . 


290 


litmus, . 


24S 


hydrate, . . 


. 200 


cohosh elixir com- 




mass, 


617 


Bromates, . 


. 201 


pound, . 


291 


ointment, . 


978 


Bromic acid, . 


. 201 


cohosh fl. extract, 


460 


pill, .... 


617 


Bromide aluminium 


, 140 


cohosh fl. extract 




Prussian, . 


512 


ammonium, 


• 145 


compound, . 


482 


show bottle, . 


251 


ammonium elixir, 


291 


cohosh tincture, . 


899 


soluble, . 


512 


ammonium syrup 


833 


cohosh tincture 




stone, 


265 


antimony, . 


• 159 


compound, 


949 


vitriol, . 


265 


arsenic, . 


• 179 


currant essence or 




Bluing, . . 512 


, 1178 


barium, . 


. 187 


extract, . 


429 


Boerhaave's anti-astli 


- 


bismuth, . . 


. 196 


draught, . . 536, 627 


matic elixir, 


3S0 


cadmium, . 


• 203 


draught British, . 


627 


visceral elixir, 


3S0 


calcium, . . 


205 


drop, British, . 


54 


Bog bean, fl. ext., 


475 


calcium elixir, . 


292 


ink, . . 1172 to 1 1 76 


Boker's bitters, ext., 


437 


chloral elixir, . 


• 294 


Japan, .... 


724 


Boldo, fluid ext., 


461 


chlorine, 


201 


pepper oil, . 


661. 


tincture, . . 


947 


chromium, . 


239 


pitch, .... 


694 


Boldus, fluid ext. , 


461 


copper, . 


266 


plaster, .... 


386 


Boletus laricis, fl. ext 


., 461 


gold, . . . 


180 


root, fluid ext., 


472 


Bone-black, . 


211 


iodine, . 


201 


Blacking, French, . 


I17S 


oil, ... 21 


1,641 


iron, 


5ii 


harness, 


1179 


spirit, 


211 


iron elixir, . 


292 


Bladderwrack, fl. ext. , 


474 


Boneset, fl. ext., 47 


1, 474 


iron syrup, 


799 


Blandine, .... 


1 1 34 


Bonjean's ergotin, 


446 


iron syr. (tasteless 


, 831 


Blazing star, fl. ext., 


475 


Borage, fluid ext., 


473 


lead, 


69S 


Bleiwisspflaster, . 


385 


Borago, fluid ext., 


473 


lithium, 


593 


Blessed thistle, ext. 


444 


Boracic acid, . . 5 


7, 198 


magnesium, 


601 


thistle, fl. extract, 


473 


Borate of ammonium 


. 149 


mercury, 


531 


thistle tincture, 


947 


potassium, . 


711 


morphine, 


122 


Blistering cerate, 


219 


sodium, . 19 


3, 748 


morphine elixir, 


293 


collodion, . 


242 


Borax, ... 19 


3, 74S 


morphine syrup, 


831 


liquid 


553 


glycerite, . . . 


51S 


nickel, . . . 


634 


paper, .... 


228 


honey, . 


618 


potassium, . 


703 


Blister plaster, 


219 


Boric acid, . . 5 


7, 198 


potassium elixir, 


293 


Blood bitters, 


1040 


acid ointment, 


969 


potassium elixi 




cleanser, 


1044 


Borocitrate of lithium 


, 595 


compound, . 


294 



INDEX. 



1211 



Bromide of potassium 


Buchu tincture, . 


S91 


syrup, . . 


S33 


Buckbean extract, . 


45o 


quinine, 


126 


fluid extract, . . 


475 


quinine syrup, 


831 


Buckeye fluid extract, 


468 


quinine and mor 




Buckhorn brake, fl.ext 


475 


phine syrup, 


S32 


Buckthorn berries, fl. 




quinine elixir, . 


295 


extract, . . . 


476 


quinine, morphine 




bark, fluid extract, 


477 


and strychnine 


cordial, .... 


1049 


syrup, '. . 


S32 


elixir, .... 


325 


salts ointments, 


992 


extract, .... 


449 


silver, . . . 


176 


syrup 


811 


sodium, . 


749 


Buds 


20 


sodium elixir, . 


295 


Bugle bitter, fl. ext., 


474 


sodium syrup, 


S33 


weed, fl. ext., 475 


4S7 


strychnine anc 


1 


Burdock blood bitters, 


1040 


morphine syrup 


832 


root, fluid extract, 


475 


strychnine, iron 




seed, fluid extract, 


473 


and quinine syr 


S33 


Burnt sugar coloring, 


245 


strychnine syrup, 


S32 


elixir 


33i 


sulphur, . . 


7-i 


Burgundy pitch, . 


694 


zinc, . . . 


1015 


pitch plaster, . 


3SS 


Bromidia, . . 2g_ 


, 1 IOO 


Burweed spiney, fl. ex. 


469 


Bromides, 


200 


Butter 202 


541 


compounds, 


IIOI 


artificial, 


202 


Bromine, . . . 


200 


Butterine 


202 


chloride of, 


236 


1 Sutter color, . 249, 


iifS~ 


ointment, . 


992 


cacao, .... 


640 


Bromo-chloralum, 


536 


antimony, . 


549 


Bromoform, . . 


200 


nutmeg, 


639 


Bromum, . . . 


200 


Butternut, American 




Bronze, 


. 2b 4 


fluid extract, . 


465 


aluminium, 


137 


bark, extract, . . 


447 


phosphor, . . 


. 264 


European, fl. ext. 


475 


Broom juice, . . 


• 776 


Button snakeroot, fl. 




tops, fl. ext. aque 


- 


extract, . . . 


475 


ous, . 


. 489 


Butyl 85 


201 


Brown mixture, . 


. 624 


alcohol 


35 


mixture improved 


. 625 


chloral, . . . 96, 201 


ointment, . 


• 992 


chloral elixir, . . 


314 


i ud's anti-epi 




chloral-hydrate, . 


201 


leptic mixture, 




chloral hyd'te elix. 


321 


Brucinc, . 


• 131 


Butylic alcohol, . 


201 


Brust pulver, . . 


• 7"' 


Butyrate of amyl, 15 


, 201 


thee, 


• 759 


Butyrate of ethel, . 


201 


Bryonia, ll. ext, . 


. 401 


Butyrates 


201 


tincture, . . 


. 8go 


Butyrum 


202 


Bryony, lluid ext., 


V 


Butyric acid, . 


201 


spirit compound, 


■ 772 


ether, ... 78 


, 201 


Buchu compound, 


. tog] 


Butyrin 


._., , 2 


elixir, . . . 


. 296 


Buxine 


107 


elixir compound, 


. 296 


Buxus sempervirens 




extract, distilled, 


• l--- 


fluid extract, 


468 


fluid extract, . 


. 466 






ll. ext. compouni 


, 1--' 






infusion, 


. 537 


c 




juniper elixir, 








juniper fl. extrac 


, 482 


Cabbage, skunk, ll. ex 


• 4»S 


oil 




.... 


1 


Pareirabravaelbt 


r, 296 




c; 


Prariera brava, t 


. 


1 butter, . . 


640 


extract, 


. 48a 


. . 


•j -j 5 



Cacao fluid extract, . 476 

Cachinca, fl. extract, 46S 

Cachou flavor, . . 435 

Cachous aromatic, . 435 

Cactus tincture, . . 949 

fluid extract, . 461, 4S7 

Cade oil, .... 648 

Cadmium, . . . 203 

bromide, . . . 203 

carbonate, . . . 203 

chloride, . . . 203 

iodide, .... 203 

nitrate 203 

ointment, . . . 992 

oxide, .... 204 

sulphide, . . . 204 

sulphate, . . . 204 

Caesium 204 

Caffea, fluid extract, 473 

tosta, fluid extract, 473 

Caffeina no 

Caffeinas citras, . . no 

Caffeine no 

citrate, ... no 

citrate elixir, . . 317 

ointment, . . . 992 

Caff-iodoform, . . 539 

Cajuputene, . . . 646 

Cajuput oil, . . . 646 

spirit, . . . . 7114 

toothache remedy, 1 1 2 1 

Calaba balsam, . . 181 

Calabar bean extract, 449 

bean fluid extract, 462 

bean tincture, . . 931 

Calamine, . . . 1016 

cerate 223 

ointment, . . . 974 

Calamus draco, . . 725 

essence, . . 410 

extract 444 

fluid extract, . . 459 

oil, 646 

syrup, . . .823, 

tincture, . . . 89] 

( !ali ii bromidum, . 205 
carbonas, pi 

tatus, . . . 205 
chloridum, . . 

hydras, . . . 

hypophosphis, . 
pbosphas praecipi- 

tatus, . . . 207 
sulphurata, 
Calcined magnesia, . 
magnesia, heavj . - 

Calcium 204 

bisulphide, . . . 210 
bromide, 

tonate, . 
carbonate precipi- 
tated, . . . 20s 



1212 



INDEX. 



Calcium chloride, . 


206 


chloride solution, 


55i 


fluoride, 


209 


hypophosphite, 


207 


hypophosp'e syrup. 


834 


iodate, .... 


210 


iodide, .... 


210 


iodide elixir, . 


336 


iodide syrup, . 


33S 


iron lactophosph'e 




syrup, . 


841 


lactophosph'e sol'n, 


573 


lactophosph'e syrup 


841 


lactophosph'e syrup 


797 


oxide 


20S 


pentasulphide, 


210 


phosphate, acid, . 


753 


phosphate, neutral, 


753 


phosphate solution, 




phosphate syrup, . 




phosphate precip'd, 


207 


sulphate, . . . 


210 


sulphide, . 209 


210 


sulphocarbolate, . 


782 


Calendula, fl. ext. , . 


46S 


glycerite, . 


=;20 


tincture, 


891' 


California laurel, fl. ex. 


476 


Calisaya cordial, 


261 


bismuth elixir, 


299 


bismuth and strych- 




nine elixir, . 


299 


comp'd elixirs, 29910311 


elixir, . . . 297 


29S 


elixir, ferrated, 


300 


elixirs, other, . . 


3 11 


fluid extract, . . 


477 


iron and bismuth 




elixir's, . . 300 


304 


iron elixir's, 




300, 302, 304, 310 


,3n 


iron and strychnine 




elixirs, 301, 303 


305 


iron and strychnine 




wine 


1009 


phosphate syrup, . 


852 


syrup, .... 


852 


wine 


1008 


Calomel 


T-: 


and jalap powder, 


720 


ointment, . 


9S2 


Calumba extract. 


444 


infusion, . . . 


537 


tincture, . . . 


892 


Calx 


208 


chlorata, 


209 


chlorinata, . 


209 


Calycanthus floridus 




fluid extract, . 


465 


Cambogia, 


720 


Camphor, .... 


727 


anise, .... 


646 



Camphor cerate, . 21S 

chloral 234 

chloral glycerite, . 520 
chloral, tooth-ache 

cure 1 1 20 

cream H33 

elixir compound, . 346 

etherate, ... Sr 

ice, 1193 

ice, carbolated, . 11 46 

ice with glycerin, . 1146 
ice with glycerin 

carbolated, . . 1147 

Japanese, . . . 649 

julep 1000 

liniment, . . . 544 

liniment, ammon'd, 544 

liniment, comp'd, 544 

mixture, Hope's, . 62S 

monobromated, . 727 
monobromated elix. 311 

ointment, . . . 992 

peppermint, . . 649 

plaster 392 

oil 652 

spirit, .... 765 
tincture compound, 893 
water, . . . . 165 
wine, .... 1000 
Camphorated glycer- 
ine jelly, . . 1 147 
carbonate of lead 

ointment, . . 9S5 

oil, . . ' . . . 544 

soap, .... 743 

tincture of opium, 92S 

' tooth powder. . . 1139 

Canada balsam, . . 182 

balsam emulsion, 407 

balsam, factitious, 163 

balsam syrup. . . S24 

pitch 694 

pitch plaster, . . 388 

snake root oil, . 652 

turpentine, 182, 663 

Canarium commune, 663 

Cancer plaster, . . 392 

root, fluid extract, 474 

Canchalagua, fl. ext., 474 

Candlenut oil, . . 662 

Candied aromatics, . 260 

sweet flag, . . . 260 

Candleberry, . . 216 

Cane sugar, . . . 734 

Canella, fl. extract, 461 

oil, 652 

tincture, . . 946 

Canelle alcoolat, . . 453 

Canker lettuce, fl ex. 476 

balsam 1034 

Cannabis Indica ext., 444 

Indian tincture, . 893 



Cannabis sativa, fl. 

ext., . . 461, 4S7 
Indica fl. extract, . 459 
Cantharidal collodion, 241 
Cantharides cerate, . 219 
etherate, ... 81 
fluid extract, . . 461 
fl. ext., etherial, . 493 
extract, cerate, . 220 
liniment, . 553, 544 

oil 640 

ointment, . 974, 992 

paper 227 

plaster, . . .219, 3S4 
tincture, . . . S94 
tincture etherial, . 952 
vinegar, . . . "52 
ointment, . . . 992 
Cantharis vesicatoria 

fluid extract, . 461 
Caoutchouc, . . . 72: 
Caproyl 85 

Ca P r yi 85 

Capsella, fl. extract, 461 

Capsicum elixir, . . 311 
fluid extract, . . 460 
myrrh tincture, . 951 
oil, . . . . 640, 652 
ointment, . . . 992 
oleoresin, . . . 661 

plaster 3S4 

tincture, . . . S94 

Capuchin plaster, . 393 

Caramel 245 

solution, . . . 245 

Caraway essence, . 411 

oil 647 

seed, fl. extract, . 468 

syrup S52 

syrup, . . . 823 

water 166 

Carbazotate of am- 
monium, . . 149 

Carbazotic acid, . . 57 

Carbo animalis, . . 211 
animalis, purine's, 211 
ligni, . . ... 212 

Carbolate of Iodine 

glycerite, . . 520 
iodine, inhalent, . 10S6 
sodium, . . . 757 

Carbolated cam'r ice, 1146 

with glycerin, 1149 

glycerin jelly, . .1147 

glycerin honey, . 11 47 

tooth wash, . .1137 

Carbolic acid, 56, 59, 672 
acid glycerite, . . 517 
acid liquefied, 56, 59 
acid ointment, . 969 
acid solution, . . 569 
acid suppositories, 7S9 



1213 



Carbolic acid vapor 


969 


Carlsbad, salts, artifi- 




Castor beans, tincture, 048 


acid water. 


. 165 


cial 


1116 


leaves, fluid ext., 


476 


alkali Grantville, 


• 5S7 


water solution, 


S6S 


oil emulsion, . 


397 


ointment, . 969, 1103 


Carminative, black- 




oil, tasteless. . 


- 


salve, . . 970, 1 103 


berry, . . * 


1045 


Castoria 


1050 


soap, . . . 


■ 743 


cordial. 


1046 


Castorol 


1050 


tooth-ache cure, 


1120 


Dewee's, 


625 


Castor, tincture, 


- 


tooth powder, . 


• 1139 


elixir, Dalby's, . 


3S0 


tincture, etherial, . 


952 


Carbolized cosmol'e 


, 969 


ginger, . .' . . 


1046 


Catalpa, lluid extract 


, 468 


vaseline, . . 


• 969 


mixture, Paris, . 




Cataplasm, emollient 


75* 


Carbon, 


210 


Carminatives, 


1045 


Cataria, fluid extract 


473 


bisulphide, . 


. 212 


Carmine 


S76 


Catarrh, cream balm 


1048 


chlorides, . . 


. 213 


coloring (red), . 


246 


cream salve, . 


1047 


dioxide, . . 


. 213 


ink, . . 246, S76, 


1173 


cure 


1048 


hydrides, . 


213 


solution, 


246 


snuff 


104S 


oil, . . . 654, 671 


Carnauba, n. ext., . 


46S 


remedy, 


i"47 


oxides, . . . 


213 


wax 


216 


Catawba syrup, . 




paper, . . . 


230 


Caroba, fluid extract, 


475 


in 


727 


Carbonates, . 


214 


Carophvlles, fl. ext. 


461 


Catechol 


727 


Carbonate of ammo 




oil, '..... 


647 


Catechu, . . . 727. B77 


nium, 


• M5 


tincture, . . . 


947 


fluid extract, . . 


495 


barium, . 


1S7 


thina balsam, . 


1S2 


infusion, 


537 


bismuth, . . 


192 


Carpenter's square, 




liquid extract, . . 


405 


cadmium, . 


203 


fluid extract, 


47" 


ointment, . 


992 


calcium, precipit't 


, 205 


Carrageen syrup, 


S22 


powder, comp'd, . 


715 


calcium, prepared 


206 


compound syrup, . 


826 


tannic acid, . . 


727 


copper, . . . 


266 


Carrot oil, ... 


652 


tincture, 


897 


iron, . . . 


5ii 


Carrota, or carrot link 




troches 


961 


iron saccharated, 


500 


extract, . . . 


46S 


Cathartic cordial, 


1050 


lead, . . . 


696 


Carthamus, . . . 




elixir, . . 312 


. 313 


lead ointment, 


9S5 


tinctorius, . . S76 


. 904 


laxative elixir, 


313 


camphorated, 


9S5 


tinct. fluid extract, 


473 


liver pills, . . . 


1051 


lithium, . . . 


594 


Carum carvi, ll. ext., 


46S 


lozenges, 


1052 


magnesium, . 


599 


1 'arvene 




Catmint, fl. extract, 


473 


magnesium, heav) 


. 599 


Carvol, .... 


647 


oil 


652 


magnesium, light 


600 


Carya alba, fl. ext., 


473 


Catnep, fl. extract, . 


473 


manganese, 


615 


Casca, fluid extract. 


465 


< 'aulophyllin, . 


732 


mercury, . . 


531 


Cascara amarga, fluid 




( 'aulophylluin. fl. ext. 


468 


nickel, . . . 


634 


extract, . 


473 


compound, fl. ext., 


4 s - 


potassium , . . 


704 


cordial, . . 312, 


[050 


tincture, 


947 


silver, 


176 


sagrada elixir, 


312 


tincture COmp'd, . 


949 


lium, . 


749 


sagrada extract, . 


444 


< laUStic balsam, . . 


1034 


sodium, dried, 


750 


sagrada fluid ext., 




t hurchill's iodine, 


559 


strontium, . . 


774 


473. 476 


490 


lunar 


147 


zinc, precipitated, 


1015 


aqueous, . . 


490 


soda 


746 


1, . 


213 


sagrada liquid ext., 


490 


toughened, . . 


173 


acid true, . 


214 


sagrada lluid ext., 


490 


' ■ pep'r, il. ex. 


41.0 


anhydride, 


213 


( lascarilla extract, . 


444 


Ceanothin, 


733 


Carboni bisulphid'm 


212 


lluid extract, . . 


465 


1 leanothuscomp. syr. 




ium, . 


210 


infusion, . . . 


537 


fluid extract, . . 




< larbonol, . . . 9 


5, 620 


oil 


652 


< ledar ess< ace, . 


411 


Carburet'd h. 


2x3 


tincture, 




oil 




( 'arc la:' 


1" 


... 84 


541 


< ledarwood oil, . 




fluid extract, . 


l"i 


mucilage, . . . 




( 'e.lrat oil, . . . 




ll. extract comp., 


482 


. . 


;>■ 


1 ledron seed, fl. ext., 


469 


oil, . . . 




for perfumes, 




t lelastrus scandens, fl, 




tincture, 


895 


lluid extra, t, . . 




extract, . . . 




compound tincture 


, 896 


oil 


'•1: 


1 


1 100 


syrup, . . . 


823 


Castanea, fluid ext., 


477 


■ ordial, . 


1 100 


Carduus, benedictus 




'. Iiite, . 


740 


compound, . . 


Moo 


fluid extract, , 




oil, 




elixir, compound, 


;i | 


tincture, 


947 


bean, fluid 1 


1' -' 


11 e, ... 


11 1 



1214 



Celery fluid extract, 


461 


Ceratum cetacei, 


220 


salt 


Il88 


extracti cantharidis 


220 


oil 


652 


plumbi subacetatis, 


221 


guarana elixir, 


333 


resince 


221 


Celluloid, .... 


722 


resinre composftum 


222 


Cement 


5U 


sabinae, .... 


222 


amber 


1164 


saponis, 


222 


aquarium, . 


1 164 


Cercis Canadensis, 




chrome, 


1163 


fluid extract, 


473 


diamond, . 


1163 


Ceresin 


216 


glass and metal, . 


1 164 


Cereus, fl. ex., . 461 


,4S7 


glutina 


1163 


night blooming, 




for lamps, . 


1 1 64 


tincture, . . . 


949 


metal, .... 


1 164 


Cerevisiae fermen- 




rubber 


1 164 


tum 


498 


for rubber tire, . 


1164 


Cerii oxalas, . 


226 


tooth 


11S8 


Cerium, .... 


225 


transparent, 


1 164 


chloride, 


226 


Celandine, fl.ext., 468, 4S7 


nitrate 


226 


Centaury, Am. fl. ext 


. 476 


oxalate, .... 


226 


European, fl. ext., 


474 


oxides 


226 


Cephalanthus, fl. ext. 


473 


sulphate, . . . 


226 


Cera alba, 


215 


Cerolein, .... 


214 


flava 


214 


Cetaceum, 


226 


Cera.- 


214 


Cetin, 


227 


Cerasalbe, 


974 


Cetraria, fluid extract 


473 


Cerasein 


732 


decoction, . 


268 


Cerata, .... 


217 


Cevadilla, fluid ext., 


462 


Cerat de galien, . 


224 


Chalk cerate, . 


225 


Cerate 


21S 


mixture, 


622 


acetate of lead, . 


223 


mixture, Richard's, 


628 


arsenical, . 


225 


ointment, . . . 


992 


blistering, . . . 


219 


powder, aromatic, 


715 


cacao 


225 


powder, comp'd, . 


715 


calamine, . . . 


223 


precipitated, . 


205 


camphor, . 


218 


prepared, . 


206 


cantharides, 


219 


troches, .... 


962 


chalk, .... 


225 


Chalybeate plaster, . 


385 


copaiba, 


225 


Chamomile, German, 




cosmetic, . 


224 


fluid extract, 


469 


ext. of cantharides 


220 


infusion, 


536 


Galen's, . . . 


224 


oil, 


646 


Goulard's, . 


221 


ointment, . 


992 


Kirkland's, 


224 


Roman, fl. ext., . 


473 


Marshall's, . . . 


225 


syrup, .... 


823 


neutral, Kirkland's 


, 224 


tincture, . . . 


946 


pitch 


225 


Champagne, . 


n36 


resin, .... 


221 


syrup, .... 


S53 


resin compound, . 


222 


Chapman's copaiba 




rose, 


225 


mixture, . 


629 


savin, .... 


222 


Charcoal, .... 


212 


simple, .... 


21S 


animal, .... 


211 


soap, .... 


222 


animal, purified, . 


211 


spermaceti, 


220 


ointment, . 


992 


subacetate of lead, 


221 


tooth paste, 


113S 


Turner s, . . . 


223 


wood, .... 


212 


verdigris, . 


225 


Charts 


227 


Cerates, .... 


217 


Charta cantharides, 


227 


Ceratic acid, . 


214 


epispastica, 


22S 


Ceratum, .... 


21S 


potassii nitratis, . 


228 


camphora\ . 


21S 


sinapis 


229 


cantharidis, 


• 210 


Chaulmoogra oil, 


642 



Cheken or Chequin, 

fluid extract, . 469 
Chelidonium majus, 

fluid extract, 468, 487 
! Chelone, glabra, fl. 

extract, . . . 473 

: Chelonin, . . . 732 

Chemic blue, . . . 877 

Chemical action, . 19 

affinity, ... 19 

attraction, ... 19 

food, .... S45 

products, pharm'l, 23 

products inorganic, 19 

Chemicals, . . . 232 

Chenopodium, fl ex. 461 

oil, 647 

Cherry birch, fl. ext. 473 

essence, . . . 411 

syrup, .... 798 

laurel ointment, . 992 

laurel oil, . . . 652 

laurel water, . . 16S 

pectoral, . . . 1106 

phosphate syrup, . S53 

syrup, . .' . . 853 

syrup, black, . . 850 

syrup, red, . . 850 

tooth paste, . . 1 138 

tree gum, . . . 727 

wild, fl. extract, . 478 

Chestnut, horse, fl. ex. , 468 

leaves, fl. extract, 477 

Chewstick, fluid ext. , 474 

Chewing gums, . . 730 

Chian turpentine, . 663 

Chickerberry oil, . 64 S 

Chicorium, fluid ext., 474 

Chicory, fl. extract, 474 

Chilblain ointment, . 1060 

lotion 1060 

Child's laxative, . . 1050 

Chili saltpetre, . . 752 

Chimiphila, fl. ext., 471 

syrup, . . . . S24 

Chimaphilin, . . . ,732 

China clay, . . . 137 

root, fluid extract, 474 

Chinoidin, . . . in 

tincture, . . . S9S 

Chinoidine, . . . in 

Chinoidium, . . . 11 1 

Chinoline, . . . 129 

tartrate, . . . 130 

Chiococca, fluid ext., 46S 

Chionanthin, . . . 732 
Chionanthus, fluid ex- 
tract, . . . 474. 4S7 

Chirata, fluid extract, 471 

tincture, . . . 898 

Chiretta, infusion, . 537 

Chittem, fluid extract, 476 



INDEX. 



121 



Chloral, 


?6, 233 


Chlorides, carbon, 


. 213 


Chromic anhy- 




anhydrous, 


• 234 


gold, 


. 1 So 


dride, ... 5 


", 230, 


bromide comp., 


. IIOO 


solution, 


. 1 129 


Chromium, . . . 


238 


butyl, . . . 


. 201 


tin 


• 773 


compounds, . . 


239 


butyl, elixir, . 


• 3M 


uranium, . . 


• 994 


oxides 


239 

S76 


elixir, 


• 3M 


Chlorinated soap, 


■ 743 


Chromogene, . . 


hydrate, 




lime, . . . 


209 


Chrysarobin ointm't, 
Chrysophyl'm, fl. ex. 


975 

4' " 


hydrate elixir, . 


• 3i4 


Chlorine, . 


■ 235 


hydrate butyl, 


. 201 


acids, 


• 236 


tincture, . . . 


947 


hydrate ointment 


992 


inhalation, . 


• 99 f > 


j Churchill's iodine 


syrup, . . . 


• 799 


ointment, . . 


• 992 


caustic, . 


• 559 


Chloralum, 


. 140 


solution, . . 235, 5^2 


solution hypophos- 




Chlorate mercury, 


• 532 


water, . . . 235, 552 


phites comp'd, . 


573 


potassium, . 


• 704 


Chlorodyne, . 895 


, IIOI 


syrup hypophosph'i 


, S04 


potassium elixir. 


• 314 


Chlorodynia, . . 


. 1 102 


Cicely, sweet, fl. ext. 


475 


potassium troches 


. 9 6 5 


Chloroform, . 


237 


Cicuta, fl. ext., . 471 


■ 474 


sodium, 


• 750 


camphor emulsioi 


, 622 


Cigarettes, asthmatic 


1031 


Chlorates, . . 2 


55, 236 


elixir, 


315 


Cigar flavoring, Ha- 




Chloric acid, . . 


. 236 


liniment, . . 


544 


vanna, 


4^5 


ether, . . . i 


0,766 


mixture, 


621 


tree, fluid extract, 


46S 


Chloride aluminium 


, 140 


morphine tincture 


899 


Cimicifugafl. ext. ,460, 4S7 


ammonium, 


146 


ointment, . 


992 


fl. ext. compound, 


4S2 


ammonium elixir, 


3M 


spirit, . . . S 


O, 765 


tincture, 


899 


ammonium syrup 


S43 


tincture, . . 


S98 


tincture, comp'd, 


949 


ammonium troche 


s, 961 


water, . 


166 


Cimicifugin, . 


732 
43S 


amyl, . . . 


151 


Chloroformum, . 


237 


Cinchona bitters, 


arsenic, . . . 


179 


; Chlorophyll, . . 


24 s 


decoction, . 


270 


barium, . 


188 


Chlorous acid, 


236 


elixir, . . . 297 
extract 


, 29S 
444 


bismuth, basic, 


196 


Chocolata, . . 


237 


bromine, . . 2c 


1, 236 


Chocolate essence, 


417 


extract, alcoholic, 


444 


cadmium, . . 


203 


extract, . 


417 


extract, aqueous, . 


444 


calcium, 


206 


fluid extract, . 


476 


extract, liquid, 


477 


cerium, . 


226 


syrup, . 


S53 


fluid extract, . . 


477 


cobalt, . '. . 


240 


syrup, hot, 


867 


aromatic, . . 


4S2 


copper, . . . 


266 


Cholagogue, . 


1025 


compound, 


4^2 


gold and sodium, 


179 


Cholera cure, 


1053 


detannated, 


47" 


gold ointment, 


992 


cures, . . . 


1053 


infusion, . . . 


535 


iron, . . . 


500 


drops, Russian, 


1054 


infusion acid, . . 


537 


iron and arsenic eli 


x. 315 


drops, Thiele- 




iron and strychnine 




iron elixir, tasteles 


?■ 314 


mann's, . 


I055 


wine 


1009 


iron tincture, . 


907 


mixture, larks,,,,'. 


. 628 


iron, wine, . . . 


100S 


iron tinct., ethena 


, 9O8 


mixture, X.Y. Sun 


,1054 


syrup 




lead, . . . 


698 


mixture, Spark- 




tincture, 


900 


lead ointment, 


992 


man's, 628 


1055 


tinct'e ammoniated 


949 


lime, 


2o', 


mixture, Squibb's, 




tincture compound. 


OUI 


lithium, . 


595 


mixture. Sun, . . 




tooth powder, . . 


1 139 


magnesium, 


602 


remedy, . . 


1053 


wine, . . IOOO, 


100S 


manganese, 


615 


Specific, Australia! 




Cinchonia, 


1 12 


mercury, corrosive 


. 526 


tincture, Asiatic, 




sulphate. . . . 


112 


mercury, mild, 


525 


Chromate barium, . 




Cinchonicine, 


in 


nickel, . . . . 


»34 


bismuth, 


"'7 


( linchonidia elixir, . 


315 


phosphorus, 


'■7 1 


lead 


698 


sulphate, 


1 1 1 


platinum, . 




mercury, . . . 


532 


< linchonidinse sulphas 


1 1 1 


potassium, . . . 


711 


potassium, . . . 


711' 


Cinchonidine, . . 


1 1 1 


propylamine elixir 


359 


potassium, red. 


702 


elixir 


315 


silver 




silver 


1-'. 


iron elixir, . 


316 


sodium 


7-"" 


Chrome cement, . . 


[163 


iron and arsenic elix. 




sulphur, 


781 


orange 




iron and strych, elix. 




tin solution, 


592 


red 




sulphate, . . . 


1 1 1 


zinc 


1017 


yellow 




Cinchonina, . 


1 1 2 


zinc, etherate, 


81 


Chromic acid, . 5 


7. 239 


< linchonime sulphas, 


1 [2 


Chlorides, ,23 




acid solution, . 




nine, . . . 


I 12 



1210 



INDEX. 



Cinchonine sulphate, 


112 


Citro-tartrate sodium 




Cochineal fruit, red, 


247 


Cincho-quinine, . 


129 


effervescing, 


' 751 


mordant, . 7 . 


774 


elixir, .... 


317 


Citrus bergamia, 


646 


red 


246 


Cinnabar, .... 


531 


Civet ex. for perfumes 


,H53 


tincture, . . 903 


.947 


Cinnamic acid, . 


647 


Claret syrup, . 


S54 


tincture, ammon'd, 


950 


aldehyd, 


647 


Claude's elixir, . 


380 


Cochlearia armoracia 


465 


Cinnamomum cam- 




Clay China, . 


137 


(scurvy grass) fluid 




phora, .... 


727 


Cleaning cream, 


1 169 


extract, . . . 


474 


Cinnamon ess., .411 


, 766 


Cleaver's fluid extract 


- 474 


Cockleburr, fl. ext. . 


469 


fluid extract, . 


461 


Clifford's shampoo 




Cockroaches, tincture 


950 


oik 


647 


compound, . . 


1 144 


Cocktail shakes, . 


866 


powder compound, 


714 


Clothes cleaning com 




Cocoa, 


237 


spirit, .... 


766 


pound, . 


"1169 


Cocoa cream, . . 


"43 


syrup, . . . 798, 854 


Cloth and glove 




Cocoaine or cocoa- 




tincture, 


902 


cleaner, . 


1 169 


cream, .... 


ii43 


water, .... 


166 


Cloth cleaning com- 




Cocoanut oil, . 63S 


642 


Cinquefoil, fl. ext., . 


469 


pounds, . . . 


1168 


oil soap, 


742 


Cissampeline, 


107 


Clove anodyne tooth- 




Codamine, 


666 


Citrate ammonium, . 


M9 


ache cure, . 


1120 


Codeia 


114 


Citrate bismuth, . 


193 


Clove essence, 


411 


Codeina, .... 


114 


bismuth and ammo- 




ess. for perfumes, 


1152 


Codeinje sulphas, 


114 


nium, 


194 


oil 


647 


Codeine, . . 114 


666 


bismuth soluble, . 


194 


..Clover, sweet, fl. ext. 


, 475 


sulphate, . . . 


114 


caffeine, 


no 


tops, red, fluid ext 


,476 


Cod liver oil, . 


638 


caffeine elixir, . 


317 


Cloves, fluid extract, 


46 r 


with chem. food, 402 


,405 


copper, .... 


266 


infusion, 


537 


emulsion, . 


397 


iron, .... 


501 


syrup 


823 


ferrated, . 


400 


iron and ammonium 


, 502 


tincture, . . . 


947 


with hypophosp's 


399 


iron elixir, . 


317 


Coal oil, .... 


654 


with iodid potas. 


400 


iron syrup, 


833 


tar 


694 


iodo-ferrated, . 


400 


iron and quinine, 


502 


Coating, gelatin, 


514 


with iron. . . 


400 


iron and quin. elix. 


317 


sugar, .... 


680 


with lactophos. 




iron and quin. syrup 


,834 


Cobalt 


240 


iron, . 


401 


iron, quinine and 




chloride, 


240 


with lactophos. 




strychnine, . . 


503 


oxide 


240 


comp. . 


401 


iron, quinine and 




salts, .... 


240 


with lactophos. 




strychnine elixir, 


3i8 


Cobaltum, ... 


240 


lime, . 


401 


iron and strychnine 




Cobbler shakes, . . 


865 


with pancreatine, 


403 


syrup, 


834 


Coca elixir, 


324 


with pancreatine 




iron, quinine and 




fluid extract, . . 


471 


and pepsin, .. 


404 


strychnine elixir, 


3i8 


nucifera, 


638 


with pepsin, 


402 


iron, quinine and 




syrup 


825 


with pepsin and 




strychnine syrup, 


834 


wine, .... 


1009 


quinine 


4C>3 


iron and strychnine 


503 


Cocaina, .... 


112 


peptonized, . . 


403 


iron and strychnine 




Cocainae hydrochlo's, 


113 


with phosphate 




elixir, 


3i8 


Cocaine, .... 


112 


of lime, . . 


402 


iron wine, . 


1002 


discs, .... 


542 


with phosphate 




lithium, 


594 


elixir, .... 


319 


of lime and 




lithium effervescing 


596 


hydrochlorate, 


113 


wild cherry, . 


402 


lithium elixir, . 


318 


hydrochlorate elix. 


319 


with phosphates 




magnesium, 


602 


liniment, . . . 


1093 


compound, . 


402 


magnes. , granular, 


600 


oleate, .... 


657 


phosphorated, . 


406 


magnesium solution 


869 


toothache cure, 


1121 


stronger, 


398 


manganese, 


615 


Cocash, fl. extract, . 


473 


with wild cherry, 


404 


potassium, . 


705 


Cocculus Indicus, fl. 




with yolk of egg, 


404 


potassium mixture, 


626 


extract, . 


461 


tasteless, 


397 


sodium, .... 


757 


ointment, . . . 


992 


with extract of malt, 


406 


Citric acid, 


57 


tincture, 


946 


with glyconin. 


404 


acid solution, . 


572 


Coccus cacti, . 


876 


with iodine, . . 


399 


acid syrup, 


793 


lacca, .... 


725 


iodo-ferrated, . 


1126 


Citrine ointment, 


9S0 


Cochineal, 


876 


iodized, . . 399, 


1126 


Citronella oil, 


652 


compound, . 


592 


with lime, . . . 


398 



INDEX. 



1217 



Cod liver oil and milk 


. 


Collodium stypticum 


, 243 


Compressed triturates, 872 


peptonized, . 


403 


vesicans, 


242 


troches, 


. 872 


mixture with hypo 




Colocynth apple, fl. ex. 474 


Comptonia fluid 


ext. 474 


phosphites, . 


405 


extract, . . . 


445 


Concentrated ext 


s. . 416 


mixture with phos 


■ 


extract, compounc 


, 445 


essences, 


• 409 


phates, . 


405 


fl. ext. compound 


482 


extract vanilla, 


. 420 


ointment, . 


992 


oil, .... 


640 


solution phosphates 


phosphorized, . 


1126 


ointment, . 


992 


compound, 


• 576 


soap, . . . 


743 


tincture, 


9°3 


Concentrations, 


■ 731 


Coffee elixir, . 


319 


Colocynthin, . 


732 


general formula for 731 


essence, . . 


417 


Cologne, farina, . 


"57 


Conderango, fl. ext., 474 


extract, . . . 


417 


floral, . . . 


"57 


Condensed milk, 


■ 541 


fluid extract, . 41 


7,473 


German, 


"57 


Condition powders, . 1055 


syrup, ... 41 


7. S54 


Hoyt's German, 


"53 


powders, 1056 to 1058 


syrup, hot, 


867 


lavender, . 


115S 


Condy's fl. or solu'n, 586 


Cognac essence, . 


412 


musk, . 


1158 


Cones menthol, 


. 649 


oil 


652 


♦ spirit, 


88 


Confectio laxativ 


e, . 1052 


syrup, . . . 


354 


spirit, French, 


88 


Damocratus, 


• 875 


Cohosh, black, fluic 


I 


water, . . . 


770 


opii, . . 


. 256 


extract, . . 46 


0, 487 


white rose. . 


115S 


piperis, . . 


• 257 


black, fl. ex. comp 


, 482 


Colognes and Toile 


t 


rosae, 


• 257 


black tincture, 


899 


waters, . 


1156 


tosx canina?, 


• 257 


black tinct. comp 


. 949 


Colophony, . . 6c 


2, 722 


rosae gallicae, 


• 257 


blue fluid extract 


468 


Color butter, . 249 


, ngcT" 


scammonii, 


. 258 


blue fl. ext. comp 


482 


Colored fires, . . 


252 


senna, . 


. 258 


blue tincture, . 


947 


Colores, 


244 


sulphuris, . 


• 259 


blue tinct. comp 


949 


Coloring burnt sugar 


, 245 


terebinthenre, 


• 259 


red ( baneberry ) 




carmine, 


246 


Confections, . 


255, 260 


fluid extract, 


461 


fustic yellow, . 


248 


Confection of almonds, 260 


white fluid extract 


461 


grass-green, 


248 


aromatic, . 


. 260 


Cola, fluid extract, 


469 


hair, . . . 107c 


, 1081 


cherry laurel 1\ 


s. . 256 


Colchicina, . . 


114 


hair oil, . 


"4i 


hips, . . 


• 257 


Colchicine, . . 


114 


lemon-yellow, . 


248 


lemon, . . 


. 260 


Colchicum extract, 


445 


liquids, . . . 


245 


opium, . 


. 258 


extract acetic, . 


445 


liquids brown, 


245 


orange peel, 


. 260 


fluid extract, . 


466 


orange, . 


249 


pepper, . 


• 257 


root wine, . . 


1000 


recipes, . . 877 


to 880 


rose, . . 


■ 257 


seed wine, . . 


1001 


Colorless tine, iodine 


, 52i 


scammony, 


. 25S 


syrup, . . . 


823 


Colors, .... 


244 


scurvy grass, 


. 256 


tincture, . . 


903 


powders, etc., . 


250 


senna, . 


. 258 


tincture compounc 


I, 95'J 


show bottle, 


250 


sulphur, 


• 259 


vinegar, . . 


52 


Coltsfoot essence, 


435 


turpentine, 


• 259 


Colcothar, . . 




tin id extract, . 


476 


Congress water, 


so- 


Cold cream, . . 25 




syrup, . . . 


823 


lution, 


. 868 


Colinsonia, fl. ext., 


437 


Columbo, Am. fl. ext 


• 474 


Conhydrine, . 


• "5. 


Collinsonin, . . 


732 


elixir, 


3'9 


Conia, . 


• "5 


Collodia, . 


240 


fluid extract, . 


47i 


Coniine, . . 


• "5 


Collodion, . . 24 


1,722 


and rhubarb elixir 


365 


Conina, 


• 11; 


blistering, . . 


242 


Comfrev, tl. extract 


47'' 


Conine, 


■ US 


cantharidal, 


241 


syrup, . . . 


,s2 4 


hydrochlorate, 


• "5 


with cantharides, 


241 


wine compound, 


1014 


inhalation, 


• 99 f » 


flexible, 


243 


Complexion powder 


"35 


Conium abstract 


47 


iodinal, . 


243 


cosmetics, . 


1132 


ext. alcoholic, 


• 445 


iodoform, . 


244 


< imposition powder 


. 720 


fruit, fluid ext 


, • 471 


Liebig's corn, . 


244 


Compound elixi 


r 


and iron elixir 


320 


styptic, . 


243 


phosphates, 


356 


s, fluid ex 


t-. • 474 


styptic antiseptic, 


243 


< ^impressed bypode 




leaves, tincture 


:. • 946 


Collodions, 


240 


mic tablets, . 


872 


oil, . . . 


640 


Colloid styptic, . 24 


3, 244 


lozenges, 


872 


ointment, . 


992 


Collodium, . . 


241 


powders, . . 


872 


syrup, . . 


. 825 


cum cantharide, 


241 


pills, . . . 


872 


tincture, 


0-1 


flexile, . . . 


243 


tablets, . . . 


-;j 


1 onservedecoch 


earie, 256 



1218 




INDEX. 








Conserves, . 255, 260 


Cordial cascara, 312 


, 1050 


Cosmoline carbolized 


969 


Conserves de laurier 




celery, . . . 


1 100 


Cotarine, .... 


666 


cerise, . . . 


256 


cough, . . . 


1062 


Coto, fluid extract, . 


465 


Consumption cure, 




curacoa, 


262 


oil 


652 


1062, 1063 


1064 


diuretic, 


1088 


tincture, . . . 


948 


Contrayerva, tinct. 


948 


elixir, ferriphos 




Cotton, absorbent, . 


"9<S~ 


Convallaria, fl. extr. 


461 


phated, 


360 


gun, soluble, . 


721 


Convulvulus pandu- 




essences or flavors 


439 


iodoform, . 


539 


ratus, fluid ext. 


474 


gentian, . . 


263 


root, fluid ext., 460, 487 


scammonium, 


729 


malt, . . . 


613 


root wine, . 


IOIO 


Copaiba 


662 


mother's, . . 


828 


seed oil, . . . 


638 


balsam, 


182 


pain soothing, 


1028 


Couch grass, extract, 


450 


balsam, factitious, 


183 


tonic, health, . 


1038 


grass root, fl. ext. 


1191 


balsam, reduced, 


183 


Warner's gout, 


936 


Cough balsam, . . 


1062 


cerate, .... 


225 


Cordiales, 


261 


candy, .... 


1067 


emulsion, . . . 


406 


Cordials, . 


261 


cordial, .... 


1062 


mass 


616 


Coriander essence, 


412 


cure, .... 


1062 


mixture, alkaline, 


629 


oil 


647 


drops or candy, . 


1067 


mixt. , Chapman's 


629 


seed, fluid extract 


461 


honey, .... 


1063 


oil, 


647 


Cork, burnt, . . 


1 190 


lozenges or troches, 


1068 


resin 


723 


Corks, prepared, 


1 190 


mixture, 


1065 


santal and cubeb 




Corn, bunion anc 


I 


mixt., Jackson's, . 


628 


mixture, 


629 


chilblain cures 


1059 


mixt., Pencoast's, 


629 


syrup, .... 


S24 


collodion, Liebig's, 244 


mixt., terebene, . 


1067 


tincture, 


946 


cure, German, 


244 


pills, .... 


1 107 


Copaivic acid, 


662 


ergot or smut, fl 




remedy, . . . 


1061 


Copal, 


725 


extract, . . 


476 


remedy, sedative, 


1066 


West India, . 


724 


killer, . . . 


1059 


remedies, . . . 


1061 


Copeland's astrin- 




plaster, . 


1060 


syrup, Jackson's, 


628 


gent tincture, . 


949 


salve-magic, . 


1060 


syrup, malt and 




Copperas, . . . 


509 


salve-caustic, . 


1059 


tar, .... 


612 


Copper, . . . . 


264 


silk, fl. extract, 


476 


troches, .... 


1068 


acetate, . . . 


265 


snakeroot, fl. ext. 


469 


Court plaster, 


387 


acetate, tincture, . 


948 


Cornin, 


732 


Coutaret's fluid, . 


587 


alloys of, . . . 


264 


Cornus, Florida, fl 




Crab orchard salts, . 


1116 


ammoniated, . 


266 


extract, . 


471 


Cramp bark, fl. ext. 


469 


arseniate, . 


266 


circinata, fl. ext., 


474 


Cranberry bark, fl, 




bromide, 


266 


sericea, fl. ext., 


474 


ext., .... 


469 


carbonate, . 


266 


Corrector, heart, 


1085 


ether or ext., . 


430 


chloride, 


266 


Corrosive chloride 


r 


Cranesbill, fl. ext., .' 


471 


citrate 


266 


mercury, 


526 


tincture, 


946 


nitrate, .... 


265 


liquid, . . . 


553 


Crawley, fl. ext., 


468 


oleate 


658 


sublimate, . 


526 


Cream, cleaning, 


1 169 


oxides 


266 


sublimate elixir, 


320 


camphor, . . . 


"33 


suboxide, . . . 


266 


sublimate ointm't 


992 


cocoa, .... 


"43 


sulphate, . . . 


265 


Corsican moss syrup 


822 


cold, . . 22^ 


, 97i 


sulphate, dried, . 


266 


Corypha, cerefera, 


468 


fragrant, 


"33 


sulphocarbolate, . 


782 


Corydalin, 


732 


glycerin, 


"95 


Coptis teeta, fl. ext. 


474 


Corydalis, elixir, 


320 


of lilies, . . . 


"33 


tincture, . . . 


946 


elixir, compound 


321 


marshmallow, 


"34 


trifolia, fl. ext., . 


474 


fluid extract, . 46 


8, 487 


oriental, 


1132 


Copying paper, 230 


1180 


tincture, 


94S 


of roses, 


1132 


Coral root, fl. ext., . 


468 


tincture, comp. 


950 


syrup 


855 


Corallorrhiza, fl. ext. 


, 468 


syrup, compound 


827 


of tartar, . . . 


703 


Corboline hairgrowe 


r,io84 


Cosmetic, cerate, 


224 


of tartar, soluble, 


7" 


Cordial, aletris, . 


1078 


ices and jellies, 


1 146 


savonia, 


"34 


aniseed, 


283 


Cosmetics, complex 




shaving, 


"34 


anisette, 


440 


ion, . 


1132 


shaving, for metal 




aromatic, . 


262 


liquid, . . . ■ 


1132 


tubes, . . . 


"34 


blackberry, 


1069 


nail 


1150 


Creams, .... 


"33 


buckthorn, . 


1049 


stick, . . . 


"45 


Creasote, . . .26: 


, 694 


calisaya, 


261 


Cosmoline, . . 


672 


inhalation, . . . 


996 



INDEX. 



1219 



Creasote mixture, 


622 


Curacoa oil, . 


646 


ointment, . 


975 


syrup, . . . 


S55 


water, . . . 


167 


Curcuma, fl. extract 


461 


Creasotum, 


263 


tincture, 


950 


Creeping huckleber 




Curd alum, 


I3S 


ry, fl. ext., . 


476 


soap, . . . 


741 


Cresol, 


672 


Cure, cough, 


1062 


Cress oil, . . . 


652 


spavin, . 


109S 


Cresylic acid, 


672 


Cures, ague, . . 


1023 


Creta prneparata, 


206 


cholera, . . 


1053 


Crimson, . . . 


251 


corn and bunion, 


1059 


Crocus martis, . 


512 


dyspepsia, . 


1070 


sativus, . 


904 


Currant syrup, 85 


0, 855 


sativus, fl. ext., 


474 


Curry powder, . 


1191 


Croton, chloral 




Cuscus oil, 


652 


hydrate, . . 


201 


Cusparia infusion, 


537 


chloral- hydrate 




Cutch, ... 72 


7, 877 


elixer, 


321 


Cyanate potassium, 


711 


oil 


640 


Cyanates, . 


267 


oil liniment, 


544 


Cyanide gold, 


1 So 


oil ointment, . 


992 


lead, . . . 


694 


oil plaster, . 


393 


mercury, . . 


526 


oil soap, 


743 


mercury ointment 


. 99 2 


seed tincture, . 


948 


nickel, . 


634 


tiglium, . . 


640 


potassium, . 


705 


Crvptopine, . . 


666 


potassium elixir, 


321 


Crystal, washing. 


1 170 


potassium ointm't 


992 


Cubeb, fluid extract 


460 


silver, . . . 


172 


fl. ext., etherial, 


493 


zinc, . . . 


1020 


oil 


647 


zinc and potassiun 


1, 1021 


oleoresin, . 


661 


Cyanides, . 


267 


syrup, . . . 


823 


Cyanic acid, . 


267 


tincture, . . 


9"5 


Cyanurets, . . 


267 


troches, . . 


962 


Cyanogen, 


267 


and alum powder 


720 


Cydonium mucilage 


631 


and copaiba ext., 


723 


1 ymene, . . . 


65 r 


Cucumber seed oil, 


642 


< vmogene, . . 


671 


Cucumis citrullus, 11 




( yna oil, . 


652 


extract, . . 


474 


< ynoglossum. (1. ext 


474 


pepo, fluid extract 


474 


Cyperus articulatus 




Cudbear, . 


876 


fluid extract, 


474 


red 


247 


Cypripedin, . . 


732 


Culver's root extract 


443 


1 ypripedium, lluic 




root, fluid ext , 47 


2.4S7 


extract, . 46 


0, 487 


root, tincture, . 


948 






Cumic aldehyd, . 


96 






Cummin, fl. extract 


468 


D 




oil 


652 






< uminum cyminum 




1 'alia oil, . . . 


652 


fluid extract, 




Dalby's carminitim 




Cunila mariana, 11 




elixir, 


380 


extract, . . . 


474 


Damiana comp, elix 


. 322 


Cupri acetas, . . 


26S 


elixir, 


322 


nitras, . 


26S 


fluid extract, . 


*62 


[phas, . . 


-•"5 


wine, 




< lupric acet'e, norma 


1, 265 


Dandelion elixir, 


322 


acetates, basic, . 


26j 


elixir compound, 




Cuprous oxide, . 


266 


extract, . 




Cuprum, . 


2<>4 


extract liquid, 


■\1') 


a, sordial, 


262 


fluid extract, . 




elixir 


262 


fluid (.■St. comp. 


!-< 


essence, . . 


412 


juice, 


77'' 



Dandelion and rhub- 
arb, fl. ext. . 482 
and sarsap. fl. ext. 
and senna fl. ext. 4S3 
syrup, .... S25 
Darby's prophylactic 

fluid, . . . 5S7 

Daturia 115 

Datura stramonium, 

fluid extract, . 4S7 

syrup 82 5 

Daturina, . . . 115 

Daturine 11; 

sulphate, . . . 115 

Decocta 267 

Decoction, . . 33, 267 
aloes, compound, 
cetraria, . . . 26S 
cinchona, . . . 270 
pomegranate bark, 270 
sarsaparilla comp. 269 
Decoctions, . . . 269 
other, .... 270 
by water-bath per- 
colation, . . 26S 
Decoctum aloes com- 

positum, . . 269 

cetrariaj, . . . 268 

cinchona', . . . 270 

granati radicis, . 270 

sarsaparilla.* com- 

positum, . 269 

Delphina, fluid ext. 46] 

Delphinum, tincture, 946 

I >emar resin, . . . 723 

Denarcotised opium, 663 

Dentifrices . . .1136 

Deodorized tincture 

opium, . . . 929 

Depilatory liquid, . 1141 

paste 114.. 

powder, . . .1141 

Depilatories, ... 1 140 
I lesiaurier's elixir. . 
Destillat.e, . . 
I distillates, . . . 

I >etannating elixirs, 2 B( 1 
1 »euteropine, 

I teutoxide of nitrogen, 635 
1 lewee's carminativ* . 

tincture guaiac, . 912 
DeWessely's disin- 
fecting solution, 587 

: 1 . . . [52,27] 

mucilage, . 271, 1166 

syrup, . . 

Dextrinum, . . . --71 

'"'■. • • 735 

1 ii tro-quinine, . 1 -.'•) 
1 lextrose, . . =1 

I liachylon ointment, ■.:'■ 

plaster, .... 



1220 



I >ialysatx\ 


272 


Disinfectant solution 




Duboisia fl. extract, 


468 


Dialysate of aconite 


273 


Le Doyen's, 


537 


Duboisine, 


115 


belladonna, 


273 


Disinfecting fluid, 




sulphate, 


116 


Dialysates, . . 


272 


Mattenheimer's, 


537 


Duffy's elixir, 


33i 


Dialysed iron, . 


272 


solutions, . . . 


586 


Dugong oil, . . . 


642 


iron elixir, . 


323 


solu., DeWessely's 


587 


Dulcamara, fl. ext. 




iron in scales, 


272 


solution, Farwell's 


587 


.... 47] 


. 474 


iron solution, . 


554 


solution, Monsell's, 


537 


syrup 


823 


iron syrup, 


840 


solution, Seeley's, 


537 


Dulcietose, . 51; 


. 735 


Dialysis, . . . 


24 


Disulphide of carbon 


212 


Dulcit, . . . ." 


735 


Diamides, . . 


142 


Distillation, . . . 


26 


Dutch liquid, . 80, 8< 


Diamines, 


143 


Distilled ext. buchu, 


452 


metal, .... 


264 


Diamond, . 


210 


ext. wild cherry, 


452 


Dwarf elder, fl. ext. 


473 


Diamond cement, 


1 163 


ext. witch hazel, . 


452 


Dye, hair, black, 




Diapente powder, 


721 


extracts, . . . 


451 


.... 1079, 


1080 


Diarrhcea mixture, 


951 


water, .... 


167 


hair, brown, 


1080 


mixture, Gould's, 


629 


Dita bark, fl. ext. . 


461 


hair, lightning, 




mixture, Squibb's 


629 


Dittany, Am., fl. ext. 


474 


.... 1079, 


1080 


mixt., Velpeau's, 


629 


Dobell's solution, . 


587 


lac, 


S77 


remedies, . 


1068 


Dock, yellow, fl. ext. 


472 


Dyeing extracts, 


877 


tablets, . . . 


1070 


Dogwood, fluid ext. 


47i 


Dyes, aniline, . . 


154 


Diastase, . 87, 27 


2, 604 


Jamaica, fl. ext. . 


469 


Dyes, 


875 


Diborocitrate lithiur 


n, 595 


swamp, fluid ext. 


474 


hair, . . 1079, 


1141 


Dichloride chromiun 


1. 239 


Don't care syrup, 


S55 


Dynamite, 


5i6 


Digestive dyspepsk 


i 


Donovan's elixir, 


285 


1 )ysentery remedies, 


1068 


remedy, . 


1072 


solution, 


55° 


Dyspepsia cures, 


1070 


Digitalin, . 


732 


Dorema Ammoniacun 


,728 


lozenges, . . . 


1072 


Digitalis, abstract, 


47 


Double refined rock 




remedy, 


1071 


elixir, 


323 


candy syrup, . . 


84S 


tonic, .... 


1071 


extract, . . . 


446 


Dover's elixir, . . 


337 


tablets, .... 


1072 


fluid extract, . 


467 


liquid, .... 


950 






fluid ext., acetic. 


4S8 


powder, . . 


717 






fl. ext., etherial, 


493 


syrup, .... 


828 


E 




infusion, . 53 


5, 537 


tincture, 


917 






oil, .... 


640 


Dracontium, fl. ext. 


468 


Earth's alkaline, . 


. 98 


syrup, . . . 


824 


tincture, 


947 


Earth wax, 


216 


tincture, 


905 


Dragon's blood, 


725 


Easton's syrup, . 


802 


vinegar, 


53 


Draught, black, 536 


627 


Eau 


453 


Dill essence, . . 


412 


black, British, 


627 


Angelique, . . 


"37 


fluid extract, . 


46S 


. Vienna, . . . 


536 


de botot, . . . 


1 140 


oil, .... 


641 


Dr. De la Motte's 




de Cologne, . . 


1162 


water, . . . 


164 


golden drops, . 


33i 


de javelle, 567 to 588 


Dinitro-cellulin, . 


722 


Driers, pill, . 


67S 


de lavande, 


1162 


Dioscorin, 


732 


Drop, black, British, 


54 


de luce, 


948 


Dioscorea, fl. ext. 


461 


Drops, Bateman's pec 




de violette, . . 


1162 


Diospyros, fl. ext. 


474 


toral 


1 106 


Eaux, 


161 


Dioxide of carbon, 


213 


cholera, . . . 


1055 


Eclectic extracts, 


73i 


manganese, 


614 


cough, .... 


1067 


Eclectic powders, . 


731 


Dipterix, fl. ext. 


461 


Hamburger, . 


1126 


Economy in perco- 




Dipterocarpus turbi 




hop, . " . . ' . 


95i 


lating, . . . 


39 


natus, . . 




Hunn's life, . . 


1127 


Ecuelle, the . 


644 


Dippell's acid elix. 


380 


Russian cholera, . 


1054 


Effervescing, citrate 




animal oil, . 


641 


Thielmann's chol- 




of lithium, . 


596 


Dirca palustris, fluic 


1 


era, .... 


1055 


citro-tartrate of 




extract, . 


• 474 


Drosera,fl. ext. . 


461 


sodium, . . . 


75i 


Discovery, medical, 


1112 


Drugs, animal, . . 


23 


powders, . 71310714 


Discs, .... 


542 


difficult to percolate 


, 38 


powders, aperient, 


715 


atropine, . . 


542 


mineral, 


17 


solution of lithia. 


560 


cocaine, 


542 


vegetable, . 


19 


solution of potash, 


565 


physostigmine, 


. 542 


Drymy's winteria, fl. 




Egg albumen, . . 


83 


Disinfectant solutioi 


1, 


extract, . . . 


461 


food, .... 


1058 


Girondin, . 


537 


Duboisia, .... 


"5 


nogg, .... 


627 



INDEX. 



1221 



Egg nogg, syrup, . 


856 


Elixir arsenic and 




Elixir calisaya, 297 


298 


ointment, . 


993 


iodide mercury, 


285 


with beef ext., . 


307 


phosphate, hot, . 


867 


arse'e and strych'e, 


2S5 


beef and iron, . 


307 


phosphate, shake, 


866 


asafetida, . . . 


2S5 


and bismuth, . 


297 


Egyptian ointment, 


993 


atropine, 


2S6 


bismuth and pep- 




Elceo, succhara, . . 


735 


aurantii, 


347 


sin, . . . 


307 


Elaterin 


274 


bark and iron, 


302 


bismuth and 




powd'r compound, 


716 


beef 


2M 


strychnine, . 


299 


trituration, 


957 


beef and iron, 


2S6 


with citrate of iron 


,300 


Elaterium, 


274 


beef, iron and cin- 




citrate of iron 




Elder, dwarf, fl. ext., 


473 


chona, . . ■ . 


2S7 


and bismuth. 


300 


flowers, fl. extract, 


476 


belladonna, 


287 


citrate of iron, 




flower, ointment, 


992 


berberine, . 


287 


bismuth and 




flower, water, . . 


T 7 J 


berberine and iron, 


2SS 


strychnine, . 


301 


oil, . . . 640 to 652 


berberine, bismuth 




detannated, 


297 


ointment, green, . 


992 


and iron, 


2SS 


ferrated, . . 


300 


Elecampane, ext., . 


447 


bichloride merc'y, 


320 


ferrated with bis- 




fluid extract, . . 


469 


bismuth, . . . 




muth, . 


300 


Electic, active prin- 




bismuth, berberine 




ferrated with bis- 




ciples, . . . 


731 


and iron, . . 


23S 


muth and 




Electrified air, . . 


667 


bism.andcalisaya, 


299 


strychnine, . 


301 


Electric liniment, 


1093 


bismuth, calisaya 




ferrated with 




oil, 


1096 


and iron, 


300 


strychnine, . 


301 


Electron 


724 


bismuth, calisaya 




ferriphosphated, 


302 


Electuaire theriaque, 


875 


and strychnine, 


299 


ferriphosphated 




Elements, chemical, 


18 


bismuth and iron, 


2S9 


with pepsin, . 


302 


Element'y subst'nees 


IS 


bismuth, iron and 




ferriphosp. with 




Elemi, 


663 


strychnine, . 


289 


strychnine, . 


303 


oil 


652 


bismuth, pepsin 




ferriphosp. with 




ointment, . . . 


976 


and quinine, 


364 


pepsin and 




plaster, .... 


393 


bism. and strych. 


2S9 


strychnine, . 


303 


Elephantopus.tl. ext. 


474 


bismuth, strychn'e 




ferrophosphorat- 




Elephants' foot, fluid 




and quinine, 


364 


ed with strych. 


300 


extract, . . . 


474 


bisulphate quinine, 


364 


ferrophosphorat- 




Electuaries, . 25510260 


bitter, . . . 290 


380 


ed with bismu. 


3' >-l 


Elixiria, .... 


2 74 


blackberry, 


290 


ferrophosphora'd 


304 


Elixirs, . . 274, 


1072 


black cohosh, . . 


290 


with hypophos- 




Elixirs, acid, . . . 


380 


black cohosh, comp 


291 


phites comp. 


30S 


Dippell's, . . . 


380 


bromide amnion. . 


291 


and iron, 


302 


Haller's, . . . 


380 


calcium, . 


292 


and iron, with 




Vomer's, 


380 


iron, .... 


292 


beef extract, 


307 


Elixir acetate of po- 




morphine, . 


293 


ami iron, with 




tassium, . 


282 


potassium. . 




bismuth, . . 


300 


aconite 


282 


potass, comp. . 


294 


iron, bismuth 




adjuvans, . . . 


282 


potassium and 




ami beef, 


307 


album, . . 274 


, 3^-7 


hydrate chloral 


294 


iron and bismu.. 




aloes, .... 


380 


quinine, . 




with bi 


307 


alterative, . 


10S7 


sodium, . 


295 


iron and bismu.. 




amarum, . . 290 


. 380 


iodide calcium 




with lactopep- 




ammon'm bromide. 


29] 


compound, . 


292 


tine. 




anise 


283 


buchu 


295 


iron, bismu. and 




anodyne, . 




compound, . 


2<,'> 


pepsin, . . 




antiasthm.r 


380 


juniper and ace- 




iron, bismu. and 




antiasthmai 




tate p 




strychnine, . 


305 


baaves, . . . 


380 


Pareira Brava, . 




iron, bismuth, 




antifebrin, . 




buckthorn. 


325 


strychnine and 




antigoutteuxde vil- 




butyl chloral, . . 


|1 t 


pepsin, . . 


306 


lette, .... 


380 


butyl chloral hy- 




and iron, with 




antipyrin, . . . 


284 


. . ' . 


321 


lactopeptine, 


308 


antiscrofuleox, 


950 


caffeine citrate, 


317 


iron and pepsin, 


302 


aromatic, . . 280 


, 284 


( ah iuni bromide, 


2.|2 


iron, pepsin and 




arsenii ..... 


285 


calcium hypophos. 


335 


Btrychnine, . 


303 



1222 



Elixir calisaya iron 
and strychnine, . 303 
iron and strych. 303 
iron and strych. 301 
iron and strych., 
with extract of 
beef, . . . 308 
iron and strych. , 
with lactopep- 
tine, . . . 309 
with lactopept'e, 30S 
withlactopept'e, 308 
with lactophos- 
phate of cal- 
cium, . . . 309 
with lactophos- 

phates comp. 310 
with lactophos- 

phate of lime, 309 
and pepsin, . . 306 
and phosphate 

of iron, . . 302 
with phosphates 

compound, . 310 
with protoxide 

of iron, . . 310 
and pyrophos- 
phate of iron, 304 
pyrophosphate of 

iron and bism., 304 
pyrophosphate of 
iron, bismuth 
and strychn'e, 306 
pyrophosphate of 
iron, bismuth 
and pepsin, . 306 
pyrophosphate of 
iron, bismuth 
and strychni'e, 
with pepsin, . 306 
pyrophosphate of 

iron and strych. 305 
with tinct. chlor- 
ide of iron, . 311 
camphor monobro- 
mated, . . . 311 
capsicum, . . . 311 
carminat'e, Dalby's, 380 
cascara sagrada, . 312 
cathartic, . 312, 313 
cathartic or laxat'e, 313 
celery compound, 313 
celery and guara'na, 333 
chloral, . . . . 314 
chloral hydrate, . 314 
chloral hydrate and 

potass, bromide, 294 
chlorate of potass. 314 
chloride of ammo- 
nium, . . . 314 
chloride of iron and 



Elixir chloride of iron, 
tasteless, 

chloride of propy- 
amine, . 

chloroform, . . 

cincho-quinine, . 

cinchona, . 297, 

cinchona, ferrated, 

cinchona, ferrated 
with bismuth, . 

cinchona, ferrated 
with bismu. and 
strychnine, . 

cinchonidia, 

cinchonidine, . 

cinchonidine and 
iron 

cinchonidine, iron 
and arsenic, 

cinchonidine, iron 
and strychnine, 

cimicifuga, 

citrate caffeine, 

citrate iron, 

citrate iron and 
calisaya, . 

citrate iron and 
quinine, . 

citrate iron, qui- 
nine and strych- 
nine, .... 

citrate iron and 
strychnine, . 

citrate lithium, 

Claude's, . . 

coca, 

cocaine, 

coffee, . . . 

cohosh, black, 

cohosh, bl'k comp 

columbo, 

columbo and rhu 
barb, . 

columbo, rhubarb 
and iron, 

conium and iron, 

cordial, . . . 

corrosive s u b 1 i 
mate, 

corydalis, . 

corydalis, comp. 

croton-chloral hy 
drate, 

curacoa, 

cyanide potassium 

damiana, . 

damiana comp 

dandelion, . 

dandeli'ncomp. 32 

de garus, . 

Deslaurier's, 

detannating, 



3M 

359 
315 
317 
298 
300 

300 



301 

315 
315 

316 

316 

316 
290 
317 
317 

300 
317 

3iS 

3i8 

318 
380 
324 
319 
319 
290 
291 
319 

365 

365 
320 
280 

320 
320 
321 

321 
262 
321 
322 
322 
322 
37i 
38i 
380 
280 



Elixir digitalis, . . 323 
dialysed iron, . . 323 
Dover's, . . . 337 
Duffy's, . . . 381 

ergot 324 

erythroxylon, . . 324 
e succo liquiritioe, 381 
eucalyptus, . . 324 
eucalyptus, comp. 325 
euonymus, . . 325 
ferrated cordial, . 304 
ferridialysati, . . 323 
ferriphosphated 

cordial, . . . 360 
flavoring, . . . 275 
flavoring, soluble, 277 
frangula, . . . 325 
from fluid extracts, 279 
gentian, . . . 326 
gentian and bis- 
muth, . . . 327 
gentian and citrate 

of iron, . . . 327 
gentian, chlo. iron 

with quinine, . 331 
gentian, chlo. iron, 
quinine and 
strychnine, . . 331 
gentian, ferrated, 327 
gentian, ferrophos- 
phated with 
strychnine, . . 329 
gentian, ferriphos- 

phorated, . . 329 
gentian, ferrophos- 

phorated, . . 329 
gentian, iron and 

bismuth, . . 328 
gentian, iron, bis- 
muth and strych- 
nine 328 

gentian, iron and 

strychnine, . . 328 
gentian and phos- 
phate iron, . . 329 
gentian, phosphate 

iron and strych. , 329 
gentian and pyro- 
phosphate iron, 329 
gentian and strych- 
nine 320 

gentian, strychnine 

and bismuth, . 330 
gentian, with tinc- 
ture chlo. iron, 330 
with quinine, . 331 
with quinine and 
strychnine. . 331 
gentian and tinc- 
ture chlor. iron 
with lactopep- 
tine 332 



INDEX. 



1223 



Elixir gelsemium, . 


326 


Elixir iron protox. and 




Elixir matico, comp., 


345 


ginger, .... 


332 


iodide calcium, . 


359 


May apple, . . 


345 


glycyrrhiza, 


342 


protoxide and io- 




mono- bromated 




glycyrrhiza, comp. 


343 


dide potass. . 


360 


camphor comp., 


346 


gold, .... 


38J 


protox. and qui- 




morphine, . 


340 


golden seal, 


334 


nine, . 


360 


morphine bromide, 


293 


gout 


3S0 


protox. quinine 




muriate of ammo. 


314 


grindelia robusta, 


332 


and strych. . 


360 


muriate of iron, 




guarana, 


332 


pyrophos. and 




tasteless. 


314 


guarana and cel- 




quinine, . 


362 


musk root, . 


371 


ery 


333 


pyrophos. and 




musk root. comp. 


371 


health, .... 


33i 


quin. (neutral) 


361 


nervine, 


1099 


helonias, comp. . 


333 


pyrophos. quin. 




nervine, sedative, 


IIOO 


henbane, 


335 


and arsenic, . 


363 


neutralizing, . 


366 


hops 


333 


pyrophos. quin. 




nux vomica, . . 


346 


humulus, 


333 


and strych. 




opium 


347 


hydrastis, . 


334 


(neutral) . 


361 


opium deodorized. 


347 


hydrastis and bis- 




pyrophos. , quin. 




opium and ipecac, 


337 


muth, . . . 


335 


and strych. 


363 


opium, McMunn's, 


347 


hydrastis, ferri- 




quin. and pepsin, 


354 


orange, .... 


347 


phosphated, 


334 


quin., pepsin and 




orange comp., 34S 


38i 


hydrastis and iron, 


334 


strychnine, . 


355 


pancreatin, 


343 


hydrastis. iron and 




strych. and pep. 


353 


pancreatin and 




bismuth, . . 


334 


quin., strych. and 




pepsin. . . . 


349 


hydrastis, iron and 




phosphorous, 


35S 


pancreatin, pepsin 




strychnine, . . 


335 


jaborandi, . 


338 


and bismuth, . 


349 


hydrate chloral and 




juniper berries, . 


338 


paraldeffyd, 


349 


bromide potas- 




juniper, buchu and 




paregoric, . . . 


928 


sium. 


294 


acetate potass. . 


296 


Pareira brava, 


350 


hydrochlorate co- 




kairine, .... 


338 


Pareira brava and 




caine, 


319 


lactate iron, 


339 


buchu, 


296 


hyoscyamus, . . 


335 


lactate iron and 




pectoral, 


38r 


hypophosphite cal- 




pepsin, . 


339 


pepsin, . . 350 to 35 


cium, 


335 


lactic acid and pep- 




pepsin and bis- 




hypophosphite iron 


336 


sin 


353 


muth. 


35i 


hypophosph. comp. 


336 


lactopeptine, . . 


339 


pepsin, bismuth 




hypophos. sodium, 


336 


lactopeptine, bism. 




and iron, 


352 


ignatia 


336 


and strychnine, 


340 


pepsin, bismuth, 




iodide calcium, . 


336 


lactopep. and bism. 


340 


iron and strych. 


352 


iodide iron tasteless 


337 


lactophos. calcium, 


340 


pepsin, bismuth 




iodide potassium, 


337 


lactophos. calcium, 




and quinine, 


364 


iodides and bro- 




and iron, . . 


340 


pepsin, bismuth 




mides comp. 


1088 


lactophos. calcium 




and strychnine, 


352 


iodo bromide cal- 




with pepsin, 


34i 


pepsin and iron, . 


353 


cium compound, 


1088 


lactophosph. lime, 


340 


pepsin, iron and 




iodo bromide cal- 




lactucarium, . 


342 


strychnine, . . 


353 


cium compound, 


292 


laxative, 


34i 


pepsin and lactic 




ipecac 


327 


laxative or cathar- 




acid 


353 


ipecac and opium, 


327 


tic, . . 313, 


1049 


pepsin, other, . 


355 


iron and bismuth, 


289 


leptandra, . 


342 


pepsin and p 


35S 


bromide, . . 


2<;2 


liquorice, . 


342 


pepsin and quinine 


354 


bism. and strych. 


28(j 


liquorice comp. 


343 


pepsin, t c|uinin<- 




and calisaya, 


302 


long life, . . . 


38l 


and iron. 




calisaya and bis. 


300 


adlongam vitam, . 


884 


pepsin, quinine, 




calisaya, bismuth 




lupulin, . . 


343 


iron ami stiyi Q. 


355 


and strych. . 


301 


magnesia and 




pepsin, quinine 




calis. and pepsin, 


302 


rhubarb, 


366 


.iml strychnine, 


354 


calis. and strych- 




malt 


344 


pepsin and strych. 


355 


nine, . . 301 


, 303 


malt and iron, 


344 


pepsin and wafer 




and pepsin, . 


353 


malt with bypoph's, 


344 


asli 


355 


phos., quinine 




mandrake. . 


J45 


percolating men- 




and strychnine 


357 


mandrake, comp., 


345 


struum, . 


277 



1224 



INDEX. 



Elixir Peruvian bark 




Elixir pyrophosphate 




Elixir tartar emetic, 


372 


with protoxide of 




of iron, quinine 




tonic, .... 


38i 


iron 


310 


and strych. (neu- 




tonifebrifuge quin- 




phosphate of cal- 




tral) 


361 


quinia et caffe. . 


380 


cium, 


356 


quinine, 


363 


tonique, antiglair- 




phosphate of iron, 


356 


quinine, bismuth 




eux, .... 


38r 


phosphate of iron 




and pepsin, 


364 


valerian, 


372 


and quinine, 356 


361 


quinine, bismuth 




valerianate ammo- 




phosphate of iron, 




and strychnine, 


364 


nium, 


373 


quin. and strych- 




quinine bisulphate, 


364 


valerianate amm. 




nine . . 359 


361 


quinine bromide, . 


295 


with chl. hyd. 


373 


phosphate of lime, 


356 


quinine and pepsin, 


354 


valerianate amm. 




quinine, . 


364 


quinine, pepsin and 




and iron, . . 


374 


quinine and iron, 


356 


iron, .... 


354 


valerianate amm. 




phosphates comp., 


356 


quinine, pepsin, 




and morphine, . 


374 


phosphoric acid, . 


357 


iron and strych. 


355 


valerianate amm. 




phosphorus 


358 


quinine, pepsin 




and quinine, 


374 


compound, . 


353 


and strychnine, 


354 


valerianate amm. 




and nux vomica, 


358 


quinine phosphate, 


364 


and strychnine, 


375 


iron, quinine and 




red 


307 


valerianate iron, . 


375 


strychnine, .. 


358 


rheumatic, . . . 


1 109 


valerianate mor- 




pilocarpus, . 


338 


rhubarb, . . . 


365 


phine, 


375 


pink root compound 


359 


rhub. and columbo 


365 


valerianate q u i - 




podophyllum, . . 


345 


rhubarb, columbo 




nine 


375 


compound, . . 


345 


and iron, 


365 


valerianate strych. 


376 


potassium bromide, 


293 


rhubarb and potas- 




valerianate zinc, . 


376 


bromide comp., 


294 


sium, 


366 


veratrum viride, . 


376 


bromide and chlo- 




rhubarb and mag- 




vicerale, Hoffman- 




ral hydrate, . 


294 


nesia, 


366 


ni, . . 348 


38i 


cyanide, . 


321 


roborans, . 381 


902 


viceral, Boer- 




proprietatis, 


884 


rubrum, . 274 


367 


haave's, . 


380 


propylamine, . 


359 


salicylate propyla- 




vitriol, .... 


73 


propylamine sali- 




mine, 


367 


wahoo, .... 


325 


clyate, 


367 


salicylate sodium, 


367 


wild cherry, 


376 


protoxide of iron, 


359 


salicin, .... 


367 


wild cherry, comp. 


373 


protoxide of iron 




salicylic acid, . . 


368 


wild cherry, detan- 




and iodide of 




salutis, . . 381 


939 


nated, . . . 


376 


calcium, . 


359 


santonin, . . . 


368 


wild cherry, fer- 




protoxide of iron 




sarsaparilla, comp. 


368 


rated, 


377 


and iodide of 




scilla, compound, 


3§9 


wild cherry, ferro- 




potassium, . 


360 


sedative, 


294 


phosphated, 


378 


protoxide of iron 




senna, .... 


369 


wild cherry, ferri- 




and quinine, 


360 


senna, compound, 


369 


phosphated, 


377 


protoxide of iron, 




simple 


2S0 


yellow jasmine, . 


326 


quinine and 




sodium bromide, . 


295 


yerba santa, . . 


373 


strychnine, . 


360 


squill, compound, 


369 


yerba santa, comp. 


379 


pyrophosphate of 




stillingia, . 


37o 


Elixirs requiring per- 




iron 


360 


stillingia, comp. . 


37o 


colation, 


278 


pyrophosphate of 




Stoughton's, . 


381 


with salts in solu- 




iron and cincho- 




strychnine, 


370 


tion 


279 


nidine, . 


362 


strychnine and bis- 




Elm mucilage, . . 


633 


pyrophosphate of 




muth, . . . 


2S9 


slippery, fluid ext. 


476 


iron and quinine, 


262 


strychnine and pep- 




Embalming fluids, . 


569 


pyrophosphate of 




sin, .... 


355 


Emetia 


116 


iron, quinine and 




sumbul, . . . 


37i 


Emetic, acetous, 


949 


arsenic, . . . 


363 


sumbul, comp. 


371 


tartar 


156 


pyrophosphate of 




svapnia, 


37i 


Emetina, .... 


116 


iron and quinine 




taraxacum, . . 


322 


Emetina ointment, 


992 


(neutral), 


361 


taraxacum, com- 




Emetine, .... 


116 


pyrophosphate of 




pound, . 322 


371 


Emetinia, .... 


116 


iron, quinine and 




tartrate antimony 




Emollient cataplasm, 


75S 


strychnine, . 


363 


and potassium, 


372 


Emplastra, 


382 



1225 



219, 



Emplastrum ammo- 
niaci, 
ammoniacium hy- 

drargyro, 
arnicse, 
asafsetidse, . 
belladonnae, 
califaciens, 
cantharidis, 
cantharidum, ordi 
narium, . . . 
cantharidum per- 

petuum, . 
capsici, 
cerussse, 

ferri, . . . • • 
fuscum camphor- 
atum, . . • 
galbani, . . • 
hydrargryri, . . 
ic'hthyocollse, . . 
lithargyri, . . . 
lithargyri comp. . 

opii 

picis, .... 
picis burgundicae, 
picis canadensis, . 
picis cum canthar. 
plumbi, 
plumbi iodidi, 
resinre, . 
saponis, 

saponis fuscum, . 
Emulsitication, . 
Emulsin, .... 
Emulsio olei morr- 

hux- fortior, 
Emulsion almonds, 
asafedita, . . . 
balsam fir, . . 
balsam Peru, . . 
Canada balsam, . 
castor oil, . 
cod liver oil, . , 
ferratcd , 
with iodide 

potassium, . 

iodo-ferrated, . 

with iron, . . 

with lacto-phos- 

phatescomp. 

with lacto-phos- 

phate of iron, 

with lacto-phos- 

pbate of lime, 

and malt ext., . 

with pancreatine 
with pancreatine 
and pepsin, . 
witli pepsin, 

with pepsin ami 

quinine, 



of 



333 
333 
3S3 
3S4 
386 
3S4 

385 

38S 

3S4 ' 
385 I 
385 

386 
386 
386 
387 
39° 
390 
387 
388 
388 
388 
389 
389 
390 
390 
391 
39i 
395 
645 

398 
408 
408 
407 
408 
407 
397 
397 
400 

4> >u 
400 
400 

401 



401 
406 

403 

4"4 

I 1 '-' 

403 



Emulsion cod liver oil 
peptonized, . 
phosphorated, . 
with phosphates, 
with phos. lime, 
with phos. lime, 

and wild cherry, 402 
stronger, . . 398 
with wild cherry, 404 



403 
406 
402 

402 



with yolk of egg, 


404 


copaiba, 


406 


hospital, . . . 


405 


olive oil, . . . 


407 


turpentine, 


407 


wax, .... 


408 


Emulsions, 


394 


Emulsiones, . . . 


394 


general directions 




for preparing, . 


395 


Enamel, liquid, . 


1132 


Enfleurage, . . 76, 645 


Eosine 


155 


Ephedra, fl. extract, 


465 


Epigxarepens, fl. ex., 


474 


Epilobium, fl.ext.,474 


,4S7 


Epsom salt, . 


601 


Epihegus, fl. extract, 


474 


Equisiticum, fl. ext., 


46S 


Eradicator corn, 


1059 


Eraser, ink, . . . 


II 7 8 


Erasing fluid, ink, . 


1178 


Erasive soap, 


1 169 


Eremocarpus, ll. ext. 


465 


Ergota, fl. extract, . 


477 


Ergot corn, fl. ext., 


476 


elixir 


324 


extract, 


446 


11. ext., acetic, 


4S8 


fl. extract, . . . 


477 


fl. ext., etherial, . 


493 


liquid extract, . 


477 


infusion, 


537 


oil 


642 


tincture, 


906 


tincture etherial, . 


952 


wine, .... 


IOOI 


Ergotin, . . . 44''. 7 J2 


Bonjean's, . 


446 


Erigeron canadense, 


647 


fl. extract, . . . 


461 


oil, 


647 


tincture, . . 


948 


Eriodictyon, 11. ext. 




161,487 


Erweichende K tauter, 75S 


Eryngium aquaticum 




11. extract, . 4 f 'S,4S7 


yucca-folium, tl. ex. r < 


gO water, ll. 




extract, ... r 


Ervthr • acentaiinun 




tl. extract, . . . 


171 



4? 3 
1155 
409 

43'' 
4'4 
4i" 



410 



Erythracea, fl. ext., 474 
Erythromannit, . . 735 
Erythroplceum, fl. ext. 465 
Erythroxylin, . . 73 2 
Erythroxyline, . . 112 
Erythroxylon coca, 

fl. extract, . . 471 
elixir, .... 324 

syrup S25 

wine 1009 

Eserine 123 

salicylate, . . . 123 
Esprit 

de bouquet, . . 

Esprits 

Essence, absinthe, 

allspice, 

almond, 

almond, for per 
fumes, 

angelica 

anise, 

anisette, 

apricot, artificial, 

apple, artificial, . 

banana, artificial, 

bay, 

beef 

bergamot, . 

bergamot for per- 
fumes, . . . 

bitter almond, 

blackberry, artifi'l, 

bl'k currant, artifi. 

blueberry art ill. . 

bouquet, . . . 

bouquet sachet, . 

brand)' 

calamus, . . . 

caraway, . . 

cardamom, 

cassia 

for perfu's, 

cedar 

celery 

chocolate, . . . 

cherry 

cinnamon, . 41 

clove 4 11 

cloves for perfum'-, 1 1 52 



410, 764 
440 
428 
428 
429 
410 
416 
410 



410 
429 
429 

430 
115? 

it- 
4>" 
411 
4" 
411 

411 

411 
417 
411 

7'-' 



coffee 

coltsfoot, . . 
coriander, . 

cranberry, artific'l 

. . 
dill 

fennel i 1 -' 

gin 1 !■'' 

rry, artifi. 43" 
grape, artificial, , H" 
hemlock 11- 



417 
41- 
135 
li a 
130 
ti- 
ll- 



12:26 



INDEX. 



Essence Jamaica gin- 




Essence wild cherry 




Etherial tinct. castor, 


952 


ger, . 417, 41S, 


1073 


artificial, 


434 


tinct. chlorid. iron, 


908 


Jamaica rum, . 


1189 


wintergreen, 41 


5, 707 


tinct. ergot, . . 


952 


juniper. 


412 


wormwood, 


416 


tinct. iodine, . 


952 


kummel, 


440 


ylang ylang, . 


1 164 


tinct. iodoform, . 


952 


lavender, . 


413 


Essences, . . . 


408 


tinct. lobelia, 921 


952 


lavender, for per- 




artificial fruit. 


427 


tinct. nux vomica, 


952 


fumes, . . . 


1152 


cordial, 


439 


tinct. valerian, 


942 


lemon, . . 413 


76S 


concentrated, . 


409 


Ethylamine, . 


441 


lemon for perfum's, 


"52 


used for perfumes 


1152 


Ethyl 85 


440 


lemon grass, . 


1152 


proprietary, 


1073 


acetate, ... 78, 79 


limes, .... 


413 


Essentia?, . . . 


408 


alcohol, . . 85, 86 


mace, .... 


413 


Essential oils. 


642 


benzene, . . . 


190 


melon, artificial, . 


430 


oils, solutions, 


409 


benzoate, . 


78 


mustard, 


413 


Electrotype, moulds 


191 


bromide, . . 78, 79 


nectar 


431 


Ethane, . . . 


213 


chloride, . . 78, 80 


nectarine, artific'l, 


430 


Ether 


77, 78 


cinnamate, 


182 


neroli 


1152 


acetic, . . . 


78, 79 


ethers 


78 


nutmeg, . 413 


, 77o 


benzoic, . . 


7S 


formate, . . . 


78 


orange, 


414 


butyric, . . 


78 


hydrate, . . . 


S6 


orange for perfum. 


1152 


chloric, . . .80, 766 


iodide, .... 


78 


orgeat, .... 


43i 


formic, . 


78 


nitrate, ... 78, 80 


orris, .... 


418 


hydrobromic, . 


78, 79 


cenanthylate. . 


78 


parsley, 


4M 


hydrochloric, . 


78, 80 


oxide 


78 


patchouly, . 


1152 


hydriodic, . 


78 


pelargonate, . 


78 


peach, artificial, . 


432 


nitrous, . 78, 80, 761 


sebacate, . 


78 


pear, artificial, 


432 


nitrous, concen 




Ethylate of sodium, 


757 


pennyroyal, . . 


414 


trated, . . 80, 761 


Ethylene bichloride, 


80 


peppermint, 414 


. 769 


nitrous, spirit, 


760 


Ethylic alcohol, . . 


86 


pimento, 


414 


cenanthic, . 


78 


Eucalyn, .... 


735 


pineapple, artific'l, 


432 


pelargonic, 


78 


Eucalyptol, . . . 


648 


plum, artificial, . 


432 


petroleum . 1 8 


5, 671 


Eucalyptus, . . . 


324 


prune, artificial . 


433 


purified, . . 


79 


balm 


1032 


quince, artificial, . 


433 


sebacic, . . 


78 


compound, elixir, 


325 


raspberry, artific'l, 


433 


spirit, . . . 


759 


fluid extract, . 


460 


red cherry, artifi'l, 


434 


spirit, compound 


760 


globulus, 


648 


red currant, artifi'l, 


434 


stronger, . . 


79 


oil 


648 


rose, .... 


414 


sulphuric, . 


78 


ointment, . 


976 


rose geranium, 


1152 


washed, 


79 


syrup 


823 


rose, triple. 


"52 


Ethers, 


77 


tincture, . . . 


948 


rosemary, . 


415 


ethyl, . . . 


78 


Eugenol, . . 647, 


649 


rosemary, forperf. 


1152 


Etherates, 


80 


Eulachon oil, 


642 


rum Jamaica, . 


1189 


Etherate ammonia 


81 


Euonymin, 


732 


rum New England 


1188 


camphor, . 


81 


Euonymus, elixir, . 


325 


rum St. Croix, 


11SS 


cantharides, . 


81 


extract, 


446 


sage 


415 


chloride zinc . 


81 


fluid extract, 469, 


487 


santal, for per- 




phosphorus. 


82 


syrup 


825 


fumes. 


"53 


sulphur, 


82 


Eupatorin, . . . 


732 


sarsaparilla, 415 


816 


Etherial ext. meze 




Eupatorium aromat- 




sassafras, . . . 


415 


reon. . . . 


44S 


icum, fl. ext., 471 


.474 


sherbet, . . . 


41S 


fluid extracts, 


492 


perfoliatum, fl. ex- 




spearmint, . 415 


769 


fl. ext. cantharides 


, 493 


tract, . . 471, 


474 


spruce 


415 


fl. ext. cubeb. . 


493 


purpureum, fl. ext. 


474 


strawberry, artifi- 




fl. ext. digitalis, 


493 


Euphorbia, corallata, 




cial, .... 


434 


fl. ext. ergot. . 


493 


fluid extract. 


461 


sweet flag, . 


410 


fl. ext. foxglove, 


493 


hipericifolia, fluid 




tonka 


41S 


oil 


82 


extract, . 


487 


vanilla, .... 


419 


tinctures, . 


952 


ipecacuanha, fluid 




verbena, 


1152 


tinct. acetate iron 


907 


extract, . . . 


465 


whisky, bourbon, . 


11S9 


tinct. aconite. 


883 


pilulifera, fl. ext., 


465 


whisky, rye, . 


1 190 


tinct. asafetida, 


952 


Euphorbin, . 


732 


wine, .... 


1186 


tinct. cantharides 


952 


Euphorbium, 


729 



INDEX. 



T2-27 



Euphorbium ointm't, 992 

plaster 393 

resinifera, . . . 729 

tincture, . . . 946 

Euphrasia, fluid ext. 474 

Eupurpurin, . . . 732 

Evaporation, . . 27 
Evening primrose, 

fluid extract, 474, 487 



Excelsior inhalant, 
mead, . . . 
mead, extract, 
mead, syrup. . 

Excipients, pill, 

Expectorant, 

Expressed juices, ex 
tracts from, 

Expression, . . 

Exsiccated alum, 

Exterminators and 
destroyers, 

Extracta, . . 
destillata, . 
fluida, ... 

Extract aconite lvs 
aconite root, . 
aloes, ... 
aloes, aqueous, 
alterative, . 
ambergris, for per- 
fumes, . . 
ambrette, for per 

fumes, . . 
apple, artificial, 
apples, ferrated, 
apricot, artificial 
arnica, flowers, 
arnica, root, . 
angelica. . . 
angelica, for per 

fumes, 
angostura bitters 
banana, artificial 
bark, 

beef, . . . 
beef tea. hot, . 
belladonna, alco 

holic. 
birch beer, 
bitters, aromatic 
blackberry, artifi 
black currant, art 
blessed thistle. 
blueberry, artific'l 
blue flag, . 
I'.oker's bitters, 
Bochu, distilled, 
buckbean, . . 
buckthorn, 
butternut bark, 
calabar bean, . 



io36 
424 
423 
424 
677 

1066 

442 
29 
138 



44i 
45i 
453 
443 
443 
443 
443 
1027 

"53 

"53 

42S 
446 
428 
443 
443 
416 

"53 
436 
429 

444 
416 
867 

443 
425 
436 
429 
429 
444 
43" 
447 
437 
542 
450 
449 
447 
449 



Extract calumba, 
cascara sagrada, 
cascarilla, . 
cassie or acacia, 
chocolate, . 
cinchona. . . 
cinchona, alcoholic, 444 
cinchona, aqueous, 444 
civet, for perfumes, 

coffee 

colchicum, . 
colchicum, acetic, 
colocynth, . . . 
colocyth, comp. . 
columbo, . 
conium, alcoholic, 
couch grass, . . 
cranberry, artific'l, 
cubebs and copaiba 
Culver's root, 
dandelion, 
dandelion, liquid, 
digitalis, . . . 
elecampane, 

ergot 

euonymus, 
frangipanni, . 
frangula, . 

fustic 877 

gelsemium, alcoh'ic, 446 



444 



444 



"53 
417 

445 
445 
445 
445 
444 
445 
450 
430 
723 
448 
450 
479 
446 
447 
446 
446 
"55 
449 



calamus or blue Bag, 1 1 1 



gentian, 

ginger ale, 

ginger, soluble, 

glycyrrhiza, pure, 

gooseberry, artiti 

Goulard's, . 

grape, artificial, 

henbane, . . 

hop, . . . 

huckleberry, artifi. 430 

hyoscyamus, alco- 
holic, . . 

indigo, . . . 

inula, . . . 

iris, .... 

jaboramli, . 

jalap, 

Jamaica ginger, 

.... 417. 1073 

Jamaica ginger, 
aromatic, 

Jamaica ruin, . 

jasmine, triple, 

jockey club, 

juglans . . . 

juniper berries, 
lemon, . 
lemon, soluble, 
leptandra, - , 

lettuce, . . 
lily of the valley, 

pure. 



447 
877 
447 
447 
447 
447 



1074 
ii-., 
[15] 
"55 
447 
775 
41 ! 
422 

ip 
1 r 
I'- 
ll' 



Extract liquorice, 

purified, . . . 776 
liquors, . 1185101191 
logwood, . 448, 877 
malt, . . 44S, 604 
malt, liquid. . . 605 
malt combinations, 

607, 611 

malt with cod liver 

oil, .... 406 
mandrake, . . . 449 
mead excelsior, . 423 
mead, soluble, . 423 

meat 416 

mezereum, . . . 44S 
mezereon etherial, 448 
melon, artificial. . 430 
musk root, for per- 
fumes, . . .1153 
musk seed, for per- 
fumes, . . . 1 1 53 
musk for perfumes, 11 53 

musk 1 1 55 

nectar, flavoring, 431 
nectarine artificial, 431 
night-blooming 

cereus, . . .1155 
nux vomica, . . 44S 

opium 449 

orange bitters^ . 437 
orange flower, 

triple, . . .1152 
orange soluble, . 424 
orgeat, . . . . 431 

orris 41 S 

orris for perfumes, 1153 
Ottawa beer, . .425 
Pareira, . . 44c) 

patchouly. . .1156 

peach, artificial, . 432 
pear, artificial, 432 

Peruvian beer, 42s 

Peruvian bitters, . 438 
physostigma, . . 449 
pilocarpus, . . 447 
pineapple, artific'l, 432 
pinus Canadensis, 1 ■ • — 4 
plasters, . . . 393 

plum, artificial, . \ \2 

podophyllum, . . 111 

poppy Id 

prune, artificial, . 1 1 1 
quassia, . . . \\ \ 
quince, artificial, 
raspberry, artificial, 1 ; \ 
red cherry, artifi- 
cial, . ' . . . i;i 
urrant, artific. 434 
rhatany, . . . 44S 

rhubarb, . . . 450 

rhubarb, comp. , . 450 
triple, . 1 152 



1228 



INDEX. 



Extract root beer, . 


427 


Extracts soluble, gen- 




Extractum euonymi, 


446 


sarsaparilla comp. 




eral formula for, 


421 


eupatorii, fluidum, 


471 


concentrated, . 


mi 


triple, from po- 




felicis, liquidum, 


462 


sarsapar., stillingia 




mades, . 


"51 


ferri pomatum, 


446 


and red clover. 


mi 


Extractum absinth- 




frangulas, fluidum, 


477 


sarsapar., soluble, 


424 


ium, .... 


443 


gelsemii, alcoholi- 




savine 


45o 


aconiti, .... 


443 


cum, .... 


446 


Shaker's roots, 


1074 


aconiti fluidum, . 


459 


gelsemii, fluidum, 


460 


sherbet, . . . 


418 


aloes, .... 


443 


gentianas, . . . 


446 


spruce beer, . . 


427 


arnica? radicis, 


443 


gentianas, fluidum, 


471 


stephanotis, 


1156 


arnicas radicis 




geranii, fluidum, . 


471 


stramonium, . 


450 


fluidum, 


47i 


glycyrrhizas, fluid'm 


,471 


strawberry, arti fie. 


434 


aromaticum fld'm, 


459 


glycyrrhizas, liqui'm 


,491 


stomach bitters, . 


433 


aurantii a m a r i 




glycyrrhizas, pura, 


446 


squill 


450 


fluidum, . . . 


466 


gossypii radicis, 




Stoughton bitters, 


433 


belladonna;, 


444 


fluidum, . 


460 


sumbul for per- 




belladonnas alco- 




graminis, . 


450 


fumes, 


"53 


holicum. 


443 


grindelias, fluidum, 


464 


tolu soluble, . . 


424 


belladonna; fld'm 


459 


guaranas, fluidum, 


464 


tonka, .... 


418 


belae liquidum, 


489 


hasmatoxyli, . . 


447 


taraxacum. 


450 


brayera fluidum, 


459 


hamamelidis, dis- 




tuberose, triple, . 


1152 


buchu distillatum, 


452 


tillatum, 


452 


upper ten, . . . 


1 1 56 


buchu fluidum, 


466 


hamamelidis, fld'm 


478 


valerian, 


450 


calami 


444 


Helenii, 


447 


vanilla, . . .419 


, 420 


calami fluidum, . 


459 


hydrastis, fluidum, 


464 


vanilla, concent'd, 


420 


calumbas, . 


444 


hyoscyami, fluid'm, 


467 


vanilla, fortified, . 


420 


calumbas fluidum, 


471 


Indian cannabis, . 


444 


vanilla for perfu. 


1154 


cannabis Indicas, . 


444 


ipecacuanhas, flui- 




vanilla, tonka, 


420 


cannabis Indicas 




dum, .... 


478 


violet, .... 
violet, triple, . . 


1156 


fluidum, 


459 


iridis, .... 


447 


1152 


capsici fluidum, . 


460 


iridis, fluidum, 


464 


wahoo, .... 


446 


cardui benedicti, . 


444 


jalapa, .... 


447 


white rose, . . . 


1156 


castaneaa fluidum, 


477 


jaborandi, . 


447 


wild cherry bitters, 


439 


cascara sagrada, . 


444 


juglandis, . . . 


447 


wild cherry, distill. 


452 


cascara sagrada 




kramerias, . 


448 


wild ginger for 




liquidium, . 


490 


kramerias, fluidum, 


472 


perfumes, . . 


"54 


cascarillas, 


444 


lactucas, 


448 


wild olive, . . . 


"56 


chimaphllas fld'm, 


471 


lactucarii, fluid'm, 


478 


wintergr. , soluble, 


425 


chiratas fluidum, 


471 


leptandras, . . . 


44S 


witch hazel, distill. 


452 


cinchonas, . 


444 


leptandras, fluid'm, 


472 


wormwood, 


443 


cinchonas fluidum, 


477 


lobelias, fluidum, . 


472 


ylang ylang, . . 


"55 


cinchonas liquid'm 


477 


lupuli, .... 


443 


Extracts, .... 


441 


cimicifugas fld'm, 


460 


lupulinas, fluidum, 


460 


bitters, .... 


43b 


cimicifuga liqd'm 


460 


malti, .... 


443 


concentrated, . . 


416 


cocas liquidum, 


47i 


matico, fluidum, . 


467 


distilled, . . . 


45i 


colchici radicis, . 


445 


mezerii, .... 


448 


eclectic, 


73i 


colchici radicis fid. 


466 


mezerii, fluidum, . 


460 


liquid, . . 453 


, 493 


colchici seminis fld. 


466 


nucis vomicas, 


44S 


flavoring, . . . 


40 S 


colocynthides, 


445 


nucis vomica, fluid- 




fluid, . . . . 


453 


colocynthides comp 


• 445 


um 


464 


of flowers, . 645, 


1151 


conii alcoholicum, 


445 


opii, .... 


449 


from expressed 




conii fluidum, 


471 


opii, liquidum, 


491 


juices, . . . 


442 


cornus fluidum, . 


460 


papaveris, . 


449 


used for dyeing, . 


377 


cubebas fluidum . 


460 


Pareiras brava, 


449 


gen'l formula, for 


442 


cypripedii fld'm. . 


460 


Pareiras, fluidum, 


472 


handkerchiefs, 


"54 


digitalis, . . . 


446 


Pareiras, liquidum, 


472 


other, .... 


45i 


digitalis fluidum, 


467 


physostigmatis, . 


449 


for perfumes, . . 


1151 


dulcamara* fluid'm 


47i 


pilocarpi, fluid'm, 


472 


powdered, . 


441 


ergotas, .... 


446 


podophylli, . . 


449 


proprietary, 


1073 


ergotas, fluidum, . 


477 


podophylli, fluid'm, 


464 


solid 


441 


ergotas, liquidum, 


477 


pruni Yirginianas, 




soluble, flavoring, 


421 


erythroxyli, fluidum 


.471 


destillatum, 


452 







INDEX. 




1229 


Extractum pruni Vir 




False bittersweet, fl. 




Ferri sulphas exsic- 




ginianas, fluidum 


,478 


extract, , . . 


473 


catus, . . . 


510 


quassiae, 


449 


gromwell, fl. ext., 


469 


sulphas prcecipitat's 


,510 


quassia;, fluidum, 


472 


unicorn, fl. ext., . 


462 


valerianas, . 


5" 


rhamni frangulce, 


449 


Farina cologne, . . 


"57 


Ferric acetate, . . 


5" 


rhamni frangula 




Farwell's disinfect- 




acetate solution, . 


553 


liquidum, 


478 


ing solution, 


587 


chloride, . . . 


500 


rhei, 


450 


Fatty oils, . 645 


654 


chloride solution, 


554 


rhei, compositum, 


450 


Favorite rheumatic 




citrate, .... 


501 


rhei, fluidum, . . 


467 


remedy, . . . 


1 108 


citrate solution, . 


555 


rhois glabra fluid., 


472 


Fayard papier, . 


230 


hydrate, 


507 


rosas fluidum, . 


472 


Fehling's solution, . 


5S7 


hypophosphite, 


505 


rubi fluidum, . 


467 


Fel bovis, . . . 


497 


nitrate solution, . 


556 


rumicis, fluidum, 


472 


bovis inspissatum, 


497 


oxide 


512 


sabinre, fluidum, . 


460 


bovis preparatus, 


497 


phosphate, . . . 


508 


sanguinariae, fluid. 


460 


bovis puriticatus, 


497 


pyrophosphate, . 


509/ 


sarsae liquidum, . 


478 


Fellow's syrup hypo- 




salts 


498 


sarsaparilla;, fluid., 


478 


phosphites comp 


837 


sulphate, basic so- 




scillre 


450 


Female pills, . . . 


1079 


lution, . . . 


557 


scilla;, fluidum, . 


460 


remedies, . . . 


1076 


sulphate, normal 




Scutellaria?, fluid., 


478 


Fennel essence, . 


412 


solution, . . 


55S 


senegae, fluidum, . 


467 


seed, fluid ext., . 


469 


valerianate, 


5" 


sennas, fluidum, . 


479 


syrup, .... 


S23 


Ferricyanide of po- 




serpentariro, fluid., 


464 


water, .... 


167 


tassium, . . . 


7" 


spigelian, fluidum, 


472 


water, fluid ext., . 


462 


Ferriphosphat'd elix. 




stramonii, . . . 


450 


Fenugreek, mucilage 


633 


gentian, . 


334 


stramonii, fluidum, 


467 


Fermentum, . 


498 


Ferriphosphorated 




stillingix-, fluidum, 


472 


Fern, male, fl. ext., 


461 


elixir gentian . 


329 


taraxaci, 


450 


sweet, fluid ext., . 


474 


Ferri-phosphat'd elx. 




taraxaci, fluidum, 


479 


Ferrated elix. of gen- 




gent, and strych. 


329 


taraxaci, liquidum, 


479 


tian 


327 


elixir wild cherry. 


377 


trifolii tibrina, 


450 


elix. wild cherry, 


377 


Ferrocyanide of iron, 


512 


tritici 


450 


emulsion cod liver 




of potassium, . 


706 


uvx- ursi, fluidum, 


472 


oil 


400 


of zinc 


1021 


valerinre, 


450 


extract apples, 


446 


Ferrophosphated cor- 




valeriase, -fluidum, 


467 


ext. apples tinct., 


908 


dial elixir, . 


360 


veratri viridis, fluid. 


, 460 


Ferri arsenias, . 


499 


elixir of gentian, . 


329 


viburni, fluidum, . 


467 


carbonas sacchara- 




elixir wild cherry, 


378 


xanthoxyii, fluid., 


460 


tus 


500 


Ferroso- ferric oxide, 


5 1 2 


zingiberis, fluidum, 


460 


chloridum, . . 


500 


Ferrous lactate, . 


506 


Extraits 


645 


citras 


50I 


phosphate, 


509 


Eyebright, fl. ext., . 


474 


et ammonii citras, 


502 


oxalate, 


507 


Eye salve, astringent, 


1076 


et ammonii sul- 




oxide 


512 


salve, standard, . 


1076 


phas, . . . . 


503 


salts, .... 


498 


salves, . .1075, 


1076 


et ammonii tar- 




sulphate, 




water 


1075 


tras 


503 


sulphate, precipi- 




waters, .... 


1075 


et potassii tartras, 


504 


tated, . . . 


SI0 






et quinina.' citras, 


502 


Ferrum 








et strychninae ci- 




dialysatum, . . 




F 




tras 


503 


Ferula galbaniflua, 


729 






hypophosphis. 


SOS 


oarthax, 




Face lotion, . 


1148 


iodidum sacchara- 




Fetid spirit oi ammo. 




powder, . . 


«35 


tum 


505 


Fever, bush fl. ext., 


r •■ 


powder, bloom of 




lactas 




Feverfew, fl, ext. . . 


47'' 


Ninon, . 


"35 


oxalas 




oil 




powder, invisible, 


"35 


oxidum hydratum, 


5"7 


t incline, . . . 




powder, pa : 


"35 


oxidum hydratum 




Feverwort, fl. ext., . 


17'' 


pow'r, swans down 


"35 


cum ma 


508 


Fibrin 


"I 


and toilet pow- 




perchloridt, solu'n, 


555 


ifl soap, . 


743 


ders 


"35 


phosphas, . 




lilix. mas, fl. ext., . 


r ■-■ 


Fagus ferruginea, fl. 




pyrophosphas, 




Filteration, 




extract, . . . 


474 


sulphas, . . . 




Filt'ring, economy in, 


39 



1230 



INDEX. 



Filtering paper. . 


232 


Fluid, Darby's pro 




Fluid ext. anise, star 


46S 


Filter rack, spiral, . 


30 


phylactic, 


5S7 


anisum. 


468 


Fine pomades, . 


"45 


hydrastis, . 


480 


anthemis, . 


473 


Fineness of powder, 


3i 


lightning, . 


1096 


apium 


461 


Fioravanti balsam, . 


772 


magnesia, . 


560 


apocynum, . . 


468 


spirit, .... 


772 


Mattenheimer's, 


587 


apple, bitter, . . 


474 


Fir, balsam, . 1S2 


663 


washing, 


1169 


apple tree bark, . 


476 


bals'm,bark,fl.ext. 


473 


white, Coutaret's, 


587 


aralia compound, 


485 


Fir-wood, oil, . . 


650 


Fluid ext. abies bal 




aralia hispida, 


473 


wool oil, 


650 


samea, . 


473 


aralia nudicaulus, 


473 


oil, inhalation, 


996 


abscess root, . 


469 


aralia racemosa, . 


473 


Fire, blue, 


253 


absinthium, 


473 


aralia spinosa, 


473 


green, .... 


253 


acacia jurema, 


468 


arbor vitce. 462 


487 


red 


254 


acalypha, . 


465 


arbutus, trailing, 


774 


violet, .... 


254 


acanthus, . 


473 


areca catechu, 


473 


white, .... 


254 


achillea, . . 


473 


arnica flowers, 


46S 


yellow 


254 


aconite leaves, 


468 


arnica root, 


47i 


Fires, colored, . . 


252 


aconite root, . 


459 


aromatics, . 


469 


colored, liquid, 


255 


actrea alba, 


461 


arrow wood, . 


476 


Fireweed, fl. extract, 


461 


actcea rubra, . 


461 


artemisia abrotan'm 


,468 


Fish berries, fl. ext., 


461 


adansonia, . 


468 


artemisia frigida, 


468 


glue, .... 


513 


adiantum, . 


473 


artemisia vulgaris, 


468 


oils, 


641 


adrue, . . . 


474 


arum triphyllum 




Fit, root, fl. extract, 


469 


adstringens, . 


468 


(wild turnip), 465, 487 


Five finger, fl. ext., 


469 


resculus glabra, 


468 


asafetida, . 


494 


flowered gentian, 


474 


assculus hippocas 




asarum, 


461 


fl. extract, . 


474 


tanum, . 


468 


asclepias cornuti, 


461 


Fixed oils, 


637 


agaric, white, . 


461 


asclepias curassa- 




Flag blue. fl. ext., 


487 


agaricus albus, 


461 


vica, .... 


468 


sweet, fl. extract, 


459 


agrimonia, 


473 


asclepias incarnata 


461 


Flames, colored, 


255 


ailanthus, . 46 


8,487 


asclepias tuberosa, 




Flavor, cachou, . . 


435 


akasga, 


461 


(white root), 461 


4S7 


Plavored syrup, . 


830 


alder, black, . 


476 


ash, black, 


474 


Plavoring elixir, 


275 


alder, tag, . 


468 


ash, prickly, . 


460 


elixir, soluble, 


277 


alkanet, 


461' 


ash, prickly, south- 




extracts, 


408 


aletris, . . 47 


3, 487 


ern, .... 


469 


extracts, soluble, 


421 


alligator pear, 


475 


ash wafer, . 469, 487 


Havana cigar, 


435 


allium, . . . 


479 


ash, white, . . 


474 


prepared, . 


277 


allspice, . . 


462 


asimina triloba, . 


465 


sarsaparilla, 415 


, 816 


allspice, Carolina, 


465 


asparagus, . 


473 


Flavors, cordial, 


439 


alnus, rubra, . 


468 


aspidium, . 


461 


fruit, artificial, 


427 


aloes, 


493 


aspidosperma, 


465 


liquor, . 1184 to 


1 1 90 


aloes and myrrh, 


494 


aster, punicus, 


473 


Flaxseed oil, . 


638 


alstonia constricta 


, 461 


aurantii dulcis, 


473 


Fleabane, fluid ext., 


461 


alstonia scholaris, 


461 


aurantii, amari, . 


466 


oil 


647 


altha-a flowers, 


473 


Australian bitter 




tincture, 


948 


althrea root, 


468 


bark, .... 


461 


Fleming's tincture of 




alum root, . . 


475 


ava kava, . 


462 


aconite, . 


883 


amber or ambrett 


2, 462 


avena sativa, . 


461 


Flies, to prevent 




ambrosia, . 


473 


avens, European, 


474 


lighting, . . 


1171 


ampelospsis, . 


473 


avens, water, . 


474 


Flexible coilodion, . 


243 


amygdalus persic 


a 


azedarach, . 


461 


Floral cologne, . 


"57 


(peach l'ves), 4, 


3.487 


baccharis pilularis, 


465 


Florida water, 


1158 


anagallis arvensis 


473 


bael fruit, . 


489 


Flour paste, good, . 


1 167 


anchusa, 


461 


balm, lemon or 




Flowers, odors of, . 


"54 


andira, . 


473 


sweet, . . 


475 


Foam, sea, 


1 144 


anemone, . 


473 


balm of Gilead 




soda, .... 


S49 


anemopsis, 


46S 


buds, . 462, 487 


Frangipanni, ext. 


"55 


anethum, . 


468 


balmony, . . . 


473 


sachet 


"59 


angelica, 


461 


balsam of fir tree, 


473 


Freckle lotion, . . 


1 148 


angustura, . 


468 


bamboo brier, 


476 


Fluid, Condy's, . . 


586 


anise, . . . 


468 


baneberry, red, . 


461 



INDEX. 



1231 



Fluid ext. baobab, 


46S 


Fluid ext. buckbean 


475 


Fluid ext. cascarilla, 


465 


baptisia, . 461, 487 


buckeye, . . 


46S 


cassia 


461 


barberry, . 


468 


buckhorn brake, 


47 = 


castanea, 


477 


barley malt, . 


475 


buckthorn bark, 


477 


castor oil beans, . 


462 


bayberry, . 


462 


buckthorn berries 


476 


castor oil leaves, . 


476 


bay laurel or bay 


bugle, bitter, . 


474 


catalpa, . . . 


46S 


tree, . . . 


469 


bugleweed, . 475, 4S7 


cataria 


473 


bearberry (uva ursi), 472 


burdock, root or 


catechu, 


495 


bearsfoot, . 465, 4S7 


seeds, 


475 


catnep or catmint, 


473 


bebeeru, 


465 


burweed spiney, 


469 


caulophyllum, 


468 


beech, American, 


474 


butternut, Ameri 




compound, . . 


482 


belladonna leaves 


468 


can, . . . 


465 


cayenne pepper, . 


460 


belladonna root, 


459 


butternut, Europe 




ceanothus Ameri- 




bell wort, . . 


469 


an, 


475 


canus, . . . 


47S 


benne, . 


469 


button bush, . 


473 


cedron seed, 


469 


benzoin, 


494 


button snakeroot 


475 


celandine, garden, 




benzoin compounc 


i, 494 


buxus sempervir 




.... 46S 


4^7 


berberis aquifoli 




ens, . 


46S 


celastrus scandens, 


473 


urn, ... 46 


8,487 


cabbage, skunk 




celery, .... 


461 


berberis vulgaris, 


465 


(dracontium).4< 


,8,487 


centaury, Ameri- 




bergamot, wild, 


469 


cabbage, tree bark 


. 473 


can 


47" 


betel nut, . 


473 


cachinca, . 


468 


centaury, Europe- 




beth or birth root 


462 


cactus, . . 46 


1, 4>7 


an, .... 


474 


betony or betonica 


, 468 


caffea, . 


473 


cephalanthus, . 


473 


betula lenta, . 


473 


caffea tosta, 


473 


cercis canadensis, 


473 


bidens bipinnata, 


473 


calabar bean, . 


462 


cereus, . 401 


487 


birch, . . . 


473 


calamus, . . 


45') 


cetraria, 


4 73 


bistorta or bistort 


473 


calendula, . 


46S 


cevadilla, . . . 


462 


bitter apple, 


474 


California laurel 


476 


chamomile, Roman 


. 473 


bitter bugle, . 


475 


calisaya, 


477 


German, 


469 


bitter polygala, 


476 


calycanthus floridv 


15,465 


chekin or chequin. 


469 


bitter root, 


468 


cancer root, . 


474 


chelidoniummajus, 




bittersweet, 47 


t, 474 


canchalagua, . 


474 


.... 468 


487 


bittersweet, false 


473 


canella, 


461 


chelone, glabra, . 


473 


blackberry, 


467 


canker lettuce, 


476 


chenopodium, 


461 


blackberry comp 


481 


cannabis indica, 


459 


cherry, birch, . 


473 


blackroot, . 47 


2, 487 


cannabis sativa,4f 


1.4-7 


cherry, wild, . . 


47S 


bladderwrack, 


474 


cantharides, 


461 


cherry, wild, de- 




blazing star, . 


475 


cantharides, ethe 




tannated. 


481 


blessed thistle, 


473 


rial, . 


493 


cherry, wild, comp. 


485 


blood tlower, . 


468 


cantharis vesicato 




chestnut leaves. . 


477 


bloodroot, . 


460 


ria, . . . 


461 


chestnut, horse. . 


468 


bloodroot acetic, 


488 


capsella, . . 


461 


chewstick, . . . 


474 


blue flag, . . 


464 


capsicum, . 


»'"' 


( hieorium, . 


474 


boldus or boldo, 


461 


caraway seed, . 


468 


chicory, . . . 


474 


bogbean, . . 


475 


cardamom, 


4'" 


chimaphila, . . 


471 


boletus laricis, 


461 


cardamom comp 


482 


china root, . . 


474 


boneset, . 47 


■ 474 


canluusbenedictu 


», 473 


chiococca, . . . 


4 l,s 


borago or borage 


473 


carnauba, . 


468 


chionanthus, . 474 


. r: 


boundon, 


46] 


caroba, . 


17-- 


chirata 


47' 


box, . . 


468 


carophyllus, . 


46] 


cbittem, . . . 


47'' 


bray era, . . 


459 


carpenter's square 


47'' 


chocolate, . 


47'' 


broomtops, aque 




tarrota or carrot, 


468 


chrysophyllum, . 




ous, . 


489 


carthamus tincto 




( 1. ely. sweet, . . 


475 


bryonia or bryony 


461 


rius, . . . 


473 


cicuta, . . i;i 


i:t 


buchu, . . . 


466 


carum carri, . 




agar tree. . 




bnchn and juniper 




carya alba, 


473 


dmicifuga, r 


with :icetate po- 




cacao, . . . 


476 


. imii ifuga, 1 omp. 


.--■ 


tassium, . 


482 


casca, 


460. 


< Inchona, . . . 


1:: 


buchu and 1'areira 




Bia amarga, 


473 


cinchona, aromatic, 


482 


brava, . . 


482 


cascara sa g rada 




cinchona, detannat. 


479 


buchu compound 


482 


• • • 473. 47 




cinchona, 1 omp., 





1232 



INDEX. 



Fluid ext. cinnamon, 461 

cinquefoil, . . . 469 

cleaver's, . . . 474 

clover, sweet, . 475 

clover tops, red, . 476 

cloves, . . . . 461 

coca, .... 471 

cocash ( aster puni . ) 473 

cocculus Indicus, 461 

cochlearia amora. 465 
cochlearia (scurvy 

grass), ... 474 
cockleburr, . . 469 
coffee, . . 417, 473 
cohosh, black, 460, 487 
cohosh, black comp. 4S2 
cohosh, blue, . . 468 
cohosh, blue comp. 4S2 
cohosh, red (bane- 
berry), . . . 461 
cohosh, white, . 461 
cola or kola . . 469 
colchicum, root or 

seed, .... 466 

collinsonia, 468, 4S7 

colocynth apple, . 474 

colocynth comp., 482 

coltsfoot, . . . 476 

columbo, . . . 471 

columbo Americ'n 474 

co.mfrey, . . . 476 

comptonia, . . 474 

conderango, . . 474 

conium fruit, . . 471 

conium leaves, . 474 

convallaria, . . 461 
convulvulus pan- 

duratus, . . . 474 
coptis teeta, . . 474 
coptis trifolia, . 474 
corallorrhiza, . . 468 
coral root, . . . 468 
coriander seed, . 461 
corn ergot or smut, 476 
corn silk, . . . 476 
corn snake root, . 469 
cornus florida, . 471 
cornus circinata, . 474 
cornus sericea, . 474 
corydalis, . 468, 487 
corypha cerefera, 468 
coto, .... 465 
cotton root, 460, 4S7 
couch grass root, . 479 
cramp bark, . . 469 
cranberry b'k, high, 469 
cranesbill, . . . 471 
crawley, . . . 468 
creeping huckle- 
berry, . . . 476 
crocus sativus, . 474 
cubeb, .... 460 



Fluid ext. cubeb, 


ethe 




Fluid ext. erigeron, 


461 


rial, .... 


493 


eryngium aquati- 




cucumis citrullus, 


474 


cum, . . 468, 


487 


cucumis pepo, 


474 


yuccsefolium, . 


469 


Culver's root, 472 


,487 


eryngo, water, 468, 487 


cuminum cyminum 


468 


erythroplceum, 


465 


cummin, 


468 


erythroxylon coca, 


47i 


cunila mariana. 


474 


erythracea, . . 


474 


curcuma, . . . 


461 


erythrrea, centau- 




cynoglossum, . . 


474 


rium, 


474 


cyperus articulatus, 


474 


eucalyptus, 


460 


cypripedium, 460 


487 


euonymus, . 469, 


487 


damiana, 


462 


eupatorium, 471, 


474 


dandelion, 


479 


aromaticum, 


474 


dandelion comp., 


433 


perfoliatum, 471, 


474 


dandeli'n and rhu- 




purpureum, 


474 


barb, 


482 


euphorbia corollata, 


461 


dandelion and sar- 




hypericifolia, . 


487 


saparilla, 


484 


ipecacuanha, . 


465 


dandelion and senna 483 


pilulifera, 


465 


datura stramonium, 


487 


euphrasia, . . . 


474 


delphinum consol., 


461 


evening primrose, 




delphinum staph., 


461 


.... 474, 


487 


digitalis, 


467 


eyebright, . 


#74 


digitalis acetic, 


488 


fagus ferruginea, 


474 


digitalis, etherial, 


493 


false bittersweet, . 


473 


dill, 


468 


false gromwell, 


469 


dioscorea, . . . 


461 


unicorn, . 462 


487 


diospyros, . . 


474 


fennel seed, 


469 


dipterix, . . . 


461 


fennel, water, . 


462 


dirca palustris, . 


474 


fern, male, . . 


461 


dita bark, . 


461 


fern, sweet, 


474 


dittany, American, 


474 


fever bush, 


462 


dock, yellow, . 


472 


feverfew, . 


476 


dogwood, . 


47i 


fever wort, . 


476 


Jamaica, 


469 


filix mas., . 


462 


swamp, . 


474 


fir balsam bark, . 


473 


dracontium, . . 


468 


fireweed, . . . 


461 


drimys winteria, . 


461 


fish berries, . . 


461 


drosera, 


461 


fit root 


469 


duboisia, 


468 


five finger, 


469 


dulcamara, . 471, 


474 


five flowered gen- 




dwarf elder, 


473 


tian, .... 


474 


elder, dwarf, . 


473 


flag, blue, . 464 


487 


elder flowers, . . 


476 


flag, sweet, 


459 


elecampane, . . 


469 


fleabane, . . . 


461 


elephantopus, 


474 


fceniculum, 


469 


elephant's foot, 


474 


foxglove, . 


466 


elm, slippery, . 


476 


foxglove, etherial, 


493 


ephedra, 


465 


frangula, 


478 


epigaea repens, 


474 


francisca uni flora, 


469 


epilobium, . 474 


487 


frankenia, . 474 


487 


epiphegus, . 


474 


frasera, .... 


474 


equisticum, 




468 


fraxinus Ameri- 




erechthites, 




461 


cana, .... 


474 


eremocarpus, 




465 


sambucifolia, . 


474 


ergota, . . 




477 


fringe tree, 474 


487 


ergot, . . 




477 
488 


frostwort, . 


475 


ergot, acetic, 




fucus vesiculosus, 


474 


ergot, corn, 




476 


fumaria officinalis, 


474 


ergot, etherial, 


493 


fumatory, . 


474 


eriodictyon, 


461, 


4S7 


galangal or galanga 


, 462 



INDEX. 



1233 



Fluid ext. gale, sweet 


, 475 


Fluid ext., helianthe- 




Fluid extract Indian 


galium, aperine, . 


474 


mum, 


475 


hemp, black, 


46S 


galium verum, . 


474 


helianthus, . . 


469 


Indian hemp, white, 461 


galla 


474 


hellebore, Ameri- 




Indian physic, 


462 


garden celandine, 




can, . . 460 


4S7 


Indian sarsaparill 


1. 475 


.... 46S 


4S7 


hellebore, black, .■ 


469 


Indian tobacco seed. 462 


garget root, 469 


4S7 


hellebore, white, . 


469 


Indian turnip, 465,487 


garlic 


479 


helleborus niger, . 


469 


indigo, wild, 46 


1. 487 


garrya Fremontii, 


469 


helonias, . 462 


,487 


inula Helenium, 


469 


gaultheria, 


474 


helonias comp., . 


483 


ipecac or ipecacu 




gelsemium, 460 


487 


hemidesmus, . . 


475 


anha, 


478 


gentian, . . . 


47i 


hemlock, 


476 


ipecac, American, 


462 


gentian, cornp., . 


4S3 


hemlock, water, . 


471 


ipecac, aqueous, 


490 


five flowered, . 


474 


hemp, Amer. 461 


, 4S7 


ipecac and senega 


, 483 


gentiana quinque- 




hemp, Indian, 


459 


ipecacuanha spurge, 465 


flora, .... 


474 


hemp. Indian, bl'k, 


46S 


ipomc ea jalapa, 


462 


geranium, . 


471 


hemp, Indian, wh'e 


, 461 


iris florentina, 


462 


geum rivale, . . 


474 


henbane leaves, . 


467 


iris versicolor, 464, 4S7 


geum urbanum, . 


474 


henbane root, . 


469 


iron wood, . . 


475 


gillenia stipulacea, 


462 


henbane seeds, 


462 


ivy, American, 


473 


gillenia trifoliata, 


462 


hepatica, . . . 


475 


ivy, poison, . 462, 487 


ginger, .... 


460 


heracleum, . . 


475 


jarborandi, 


472 


ginger, Jamaica, . 


417 


herba or yerba 




jacaranda caroba, 


475 


ginger leaf, 


465 


mansa, . . . 


468 


jalap or jalapa, 


462 


ginseng, . . . 


475 


heuchera, . 


475 


jalap and rhubarb 


, 483 


glycyrrhiza, 


471 


hibiscus abelmos- 




jalap and senna, 


483 


gnaphalium, . . 


474 


chus 


462 


jalap, wild, 


474 


golden rod, . . 


476 


hickory, white, 


473 


Jamaica ginger, 


417 


golden seal, 


464 


hippocastanum, . 


475 


jasmine, yellow 




gold'nseal, aqueous 


.490 


hoarhound, 


475 


(gelsemium), 460, 487 


gold thread, . 


474 


hoarhound comp., 


483 


jeffersonia diaphylla, 475 


gossypium, 460, 487 


Honduras bark, . 


473 


Jersey tea, . . 


473 


gouania domingen- 




hops, .... 


462 


johnswort, . . 


475 


sis 


474 


hoptree, . . . 


469 


judas tree, . . 


473 


granati fructus cor- 




horse chestnut bark 


475 


juglans cineria, 465, 4S7 


tex 


474 


horse chestn't seeds 


46S 


juglans nigra. . 


475 


granatum, . 


474 


horsemint, . . 


469 


juglans regia, . 


475 


grape, Oregon, 468, 487 


horseradish, . . 


4 f >5 


kalmia latifolia, 


475 


gratiola officinalis, 


474 


horsetail, . 


468 


kamala or kameete 


, 4' '2 


gravel plant, . . 


474 


hound's tongue, . 


474 


kava kava, 


462 


great laurel, . . 


469 


humulus, . 


462 


kidney leaf, 


462 


green ozier, . . 


474 


hydrangea, 


475 


kidney root, 


465 


grindelia comp., . 


483 


hydrastis, . 4(14 


480 


kino, . . 


495 


grindelia robusta, 




hydrastis, aqueous, 


490 


kola nut, 


469 


.... 464 


487 


hydrastis, purified, 


480 


kousso, . 


459 


grindelia squarrosa, 


487 


hydrastis, without 




krameria, . 


472 


gromwell, false, . 


469 


alcohol, . 


,.,,, 


Labrador tea, . 


469 


guaco leaves, . 


474 


hyoscyami folia, . 


467 


lactucarium, 


17- 


guaiac resin, . . 


495 


hyoscyami radix, 


469 


lactuca virosa, 


475 


guaiac wood, . . 


462 


hyoscyami semen, 


462 


lady's bedstraw, 


474 


guaiacum lignum, 


462 


hyoscyamus, . . 


4f. 7 


lady's slipper, 46 


». 487 


guarana, 


464 


hypericum, . . 


475 


lappa, (root anc 




E ematoxylon, 


474 


hyssop or hyssopus, 


475 


Beeds), 


475 


hriir cap moss, 


476 


Iceland moss, 


473 


large Rowerinj 




hamamelidis cortex 


474 


ice plant, . 


r -. 


spurge, . . . 


|6l 


hamamelis bark, . 


474 


ignatia, 4^2 


480 


large Bpotte* 




hamamelis leaves, 


478 


ilix Paraguayensis, 


475 


spurge, . 


r- 


hard hack, . 


476 


illicium, . . . 


469 


larix Americana, . 


475 


haw, black, 467 


■1-7 


Imperatoria, 


462 


larkspur seed. 


461 


hazel, witch, 474 


478 


Indian bad, . 


|8g 


laurel, K rcat . • ■ 


'69 


hedeoma, . . . 


469 


Indian cannabis, , 




laurel, mountain, . 


17-- 


hedge hysop, . . 


474 


Indian hemp, . 


459 


laurUS, nobilis, 





1234 



I. YD EX. 



fluid ext. lavendula 


Eluid ext. manzanita, 


469 


Fluid ext. nympha;a 




or lavender, . 


475 


marigold, . 


468 


odorata, . . . 


469 


leaf cup, . . 465, 487 


marjoram, sweet, 


475 


oak, poison, 462 


487 


leatherwood, . 


474 


marjoram, wild, . 


469 


oak, white, . . 


476 


ledum palustre, 


469 


majorana, . 


475 


oats, common, . 


461 


lemon peel, 


475 


marrubium, 


475 


Oenothera biennis, 




leonurus cardiaca 


475 


marsh mallow, 


468 


(eve. primrose) 475,487 


leptandra, . 472, 487 


marsh mallow root 


473 


onosmodium, . 


469 


lettuce, wild, . 


475 


marsh rosemary, . 


476 


opium, .... 


496 


levisticum, . 


462 


marunta cotula, . 


475 


opium, aqueous, . 


491 


liatris ordoratissi 




masterwort, . 462 


475 


orris root, . 


462 


ma, . 


475 


matico, .... 


467 


opium, camphorat'd,496 


liatris spicata, 


475 


matico comp. . 


4S4 


opium, deodorized, 


496 


liatris squarrosa, 


475 


matricaria, 


469 


orange peel, bitter, 


466 


life everlasting, 


474 


May apple, 


464 


orange peel, sweet, 


473 


life root, . . 476, 487 


May weed, . . 


475 


Oregon grape, 468 


487 


lily of the valley, 


461 


melilotus or melilot 


475 


origanum, . 


469 


lily, white pond, 


469 


melissa, 


475 


osmorrhiza, . . 


475 


lily, yellow pond 


469 


menispermum, 


405 


osmunda, . . 


475 


limonis cortex, 


475 


mentha piperita, . 


475 


ostrya Virginica, . 


475 


linden, . 


476 


mentha viridis, 


475 


oxydendron, . 


475 


lindera, . 


462 


menyanthes, . 


475 


ozier, green, . 


474 


lippia Mexicana, 


462 


mercurialis annua, 


465 


palmetto saw ber- 




liquidambar, . 


462 


mercury herb, 


465 


ries 


469 


liquorice, . . 


47i 


mercury weed, 


465 


panax, .... 


475 


liquorice, aqueous 


. 49i 


methysticum, . . 


462 


pansy, wild, 


476 


liquorice, comp., 


483 


mezereum, 


460 


papaver, . . . 


475 


liquorice, ext., 


495 


micromeria, . . 


462 


papaw, . 


465 


liriodendron, . 


462 


mikania guaco, 


475 


Paraguay tea, 


475 


liverwort, . 


475 


mistletoe, . 


476 


paregoric, concent'd,4g6 


lobelia, 462, 472, 487 


mistletoe, Amer. 


475 


Pareira, 


472 


lobelia, acetic, 


488 


mitchella, . 


475 


parilla, yellow, 


465 


lobelia, comp., 


483 


mitchella comp. . 


484 


parsley seed, . 


462 


lobelia seed, . 


472 


monarda fistulosa, 


469 


parsley root, . . 


475 


locust, . . . 


469 


monarda punctata, 


469 


partridgeberry, . 


475 


logwood. 


474 


monesia, . . . 


468 


partridgeberry com 


484 


lovage, . 


462 


monkshood, 


468 


paullinia (guarana) 


464 


lungwort, . 


476 


monotropa uniflora 


469 


peach leaves, 473 


487 


lupulin, . . . 


460 


morus nigra, . 


475 


pear, alligator, 


475 


lycopus Europreus 


, 475 


motherwort, 


475 


pea, turkey, 468 


487 


lycopus Virgini 




mountain laurel, . 


475 


pellitory, 


462 


cus, . . 475, 487 


mountain mint, . 


469 


pennyroyal, . . 


469 


mace, 


462 


mountain sage, . 


468 


penthorium sedoides, 


macrotys racemo 




mugwort, . 


468 


(V. stonecrop) 469, 487 


sa, . . 460, 487 


mulberry, . 


475 


peony, .... 


469 


madder, 


476 


mullein, 


476 


pepo, .... 


475 


magnolia, . . 


462 


musk root, . . 


462 


pepper, black, 


462 


maidenhair fern, 


473 


myrica, .... 


462 


pepper, cayenne or 




male fern, . 


461 


myrica gale, . 


475 


red, . . . 


460 


mallow, common 


475 


myristica fragrans, 


462 


pepper, water, 465 


487 


maltum or malt, 


475 


myrrh, .... 


495 


peppermint, 


475 


malva sylvestris, 


475 


myrtus checan, 


469 


persia gratissima, 


475 


manaca, 


469 


nectandra, . . . 


465 


persimmon, fruit 01 




mancona bark, 


465 


nepeta cataria, 


473 


bark, 


474 


mandrake, . 


464 


nervine, American, 


460 


petroselinum, 462 


475 


mandrake comp. , 


484 


nettle, .... 


476 


peumus boldus, . 


462 


mangifera Indica 


475 


night-blooming ce- 




phellandrium, 462 


469 


mango, . 


475 


reus, . . 461 


487 


phoradendron, 


475 


mangostana, . 


475 


nuphar advena, . 


469 


physic, Indian, . 


462 


mangosteen, . 


475 


nutgall, 


474 


physostigma, . . 


462 


mansa, yerba 


r 


nutmeg, . . . 


462 


Phytolacca, 469, 487 


herba, 


465 


nux vomica, . 


464 


pill-bearing spurge, 


465 



INDEX. 



1235 



Fluid ext. pilocarpus, 


472 


Fluid ext. pulsatilla, 


469 


Fluid ext. sabadilla. 


462 


pimenta, 


462 


pumpkin seed, 


474 


sabbatia angularis, 


476 


pimpernel or pim- 




pyenanthemum, . 


469 


sabbatia Elliottii, 


476 


pinella, . 


462 


pyrethrum, 


462 


sabina 


460 


pimpernel, scarlet, 


473 


pyrethrum parthe- 




sabul serrulata, . 


469 


pine, white, 


475 


nium, 


476 


saftlower, . 


473 


pink root, . 


472 


pyrola rotundifolia, 


476 


saffron, American, 


473 


pink and senna, . 


434 


pyrus malus, . 


476 


saffron, true, . . 


474 


pinus Canadensis, 


476 


quassia, 


472 


sage 


476 


pinus strobus, 


475 


quebracho, 


4"5 


sage, mountain, 


468 


piper methysticum, 


462 


queensroot, 472 


487 


St. Johnswort, 


475 


piper nigrum, 


462 


queen of meadow, 


474 


salix alba, . 


469 


pipsissewa, 


471 


quercus alba, . 


476 


salix nigra, 


4'"! 


piscidia, 


469 


quillaia, 


469 


salvia, .... 


476 


pitcher plant, . 


476 


quince, Bengal, . 


489 


sambucus. 


476 


plantain, common, 


476 


quinine bush, . . 


469 


sanguinaria, . 


400 


plantigo major, . 


476 


quinine flower, 


476 


sanguiniaria, acet.. 


488 


pleurisy root, 461, 


4S7 


ragweed, 


473 


santal, white or yel- 




podophyllum, . 


464 


raspberry leaves, . 


476 


low, .... 


462 


pieonia officinalis, 


469 


red bark, . . . 


477 


satanum citrinum, 


41-2 


poison oak or ivy, 




red cloverheads, . 


476 


santalum rubrum, 


462 


.... 462 


487 


red root, 


478 


santonica, . 


462 


poke root, . 469, 4S7 


red saunders, . 


462 


saponaria, . . . 


469 


poke root comp. . 


484 


rhamnus catharti- 




sarothamnusscop., 


489 


polemonium rep- 




cus, .... 


476 


sarracenia purpurea 


47" 


tans 


469 


rhamnus frangula, 


477 


sarsaparilla, . . 


47S 


polygala amara, 475 


.47" 


rhamnus prushia- 




sarsaparilla.Amer. 


473 


polygala bitter, 


476 


na, . 473, 476 


490 


sarsaparilla and 




polygonatum g i - 




rhatany, 


472 


dandelion, . 


484 


ganteum, 


469 


rheum 


467 


sarsaparilla comp. 


484 


polygonum puncta- 




rhododendron maxi 


.469 


sarsaparilla, Ind'n, 


475 


tum, . . 465 


487 


rhoeas, . 


476 


sassa bark, 


465 


polymnia uvadelia, 




rhubarb, 


467 


sassafras, . 


4"5 


• ... 465 


487 


rhubarb, aromatic, 


4S4 


satureja, 


469 


polypodium or poly 




rhubarb and dan- 




saunders, red, 


4*'2 


pody, . . . 


476 


delion. . . . 


482 


savine 


460 


polytrichum, , 


476 


rhubarb and jalap, 


4S3 


saxafrage, small, 


462 


pomegranate, . . 


474 


rhubarb and senna, 


4S4 


scilla, .... 


460 


pond lily, white, . 


V") 


rhus aromatic, 469, 487 


scilla, acetic, . 


488 


pond lily, yellow, 


469 


rhus glabra, 


472 


scilla compound, 


485 


poplar, white, 


4<") 


rhus toxicoden- 




scrofularia nodosa, 


47'' 


poppy, .... 


475 


dron, . . 462 


487 


scullcap, . . 473 


487 


poppy, red, . . 


47" 


richweed, . 


473 


scullcap comp., . 


4S5 


populus albus, 


469 


ricinus leaves, 


476 


scurvy .^rass, . 


474 


populus candicans, 




ricinus seeds, . . 


462 


Scutellaria, . 47S 


4S7 


. . . 4''2 


487 


robina 


469 


seawrack, . 


474 


potentilla Cana- 




rockrose, . . . 


475 


senecio, . 47(1 


4S7 


densis, 


469 


rose, .... 


472 


senega or seneka . 


r: 


potentilla tormen- 




rosemary, . 


476 


senega, aqueous, 


491 


tilla 


469 


rosemary, marsh, 


476 


senega and ipecac, 


r | 


prickly ash bark, . 


40O 


rosin weed, . . . 


4''-' 


senna, .... 




prickly ash berries, 


462 


rottlera, 


402 


senna alcoholized, 


480 


prickly-ash, south- 




ruliia 


476 


senna and dande- 




ern, . . 


473 


rubus strigOSUS, . 


476 


lion 




pride of India, 


461 


rtibus villosus, 


4' <: 


senna and jalap, . 


»8 3 


primrose, evening, 




rudbeckia, . . . 


476 


Senna and pink r't. 


4S4 


• ... 474 


487 


rue 


476 


senna and rhub'rb 


484 


prinos 


47'- 


rumex, .... 


472 


senna, aqueous, . 


wa 


prunus Virginius, 


478 


rumex comp., . 


434 


senna, comp., 




ptelea trifoliata, 




rush, scouring, 


468 


senna, purified, . 




. . . . 469 


487 


rata graveolens, . 


47'' 


serpentaria, . . 




pulmonaria, . . 


476 


rye, smut or spurred 


477 


unum, 


469 



V2M 



INDEX. 



Fluid ext. seven barks 


,475 


Fluid ext. stramoni 




Fluid ext. tussilago, 


476 


shepherd's purse, 


461 


um, green plant 


487 


twin leaf, . 


475 


silkweed, . . . 


461 


strychnos ignatia 


462 


ulmus fulva, . 


476 


silphium, . . . 


462 


sumach, 


472 


umbellaria, . . 


476 


simaba cedron, 


469 


sumach, aromatic 




unicorn, 


487 


simaruba, . 


476 


. . . . 469, 487 


unicorn, false, 462 


487 


skoke or poke root, 




sumach, Chinese 


487 


urechites suberecta, 


462 


.... 469, 4S7 


sumbul, . . 


462 


urtica dioica, . . 


476 


skunk cabbage, 




summer savory. 


469 


ustilago, maydis, 


476 


468, 469, 487 


sundew, 


462 


uva ursi, . . . 


472 


slippery elm, . . 


476 


sunflower, . 


469 


uvalaria perfoliata, 


469 


smart weed, 


465 


swamp dogwood 


474 


vaccinum crassifol- 




smilax sarsapar., . 


476 


sweet balm, 


475 


ium 


476 


snakehead, 


473 


sweet cicely, . 


475 


valerian, 


467 


snakeroot, button, 


475 


sweet clover, . 


475 


valerian Amer. , . 


460 


snakeroot, Canada, 


461 


sweet fern, 


474 


vanilla, . . 419 


480 


snakeroot, corn, . 


469 


sweet flag, . . 


459 


vanilla plant, . . 


475 


snakeroot, Virg., 


464 


sweet gum tree. 


462 


veratrum sabadilla, 


462 


snakeroot, white, 


474 


sweet marjoram, 


475 


veratrum album, . 


469 


snakeweed, 


473 


sweet orange, . 


473 


veratrum v i r i d e, 




soap tree bark, 


469 


symplocarpus, 46 


3, 487 


. . . . 460, 487 


soapwort, . . . 


469 


Symphytum offici 




verbascum thapsus, 


476 


solidago, , . . 


476 


nale, . . . 


476 


verbena hastata, . 


476 


Solomon's seal, . 


469 


tabacum, . . 


476 


vervain, 


476 


sourwood, . 


475 


tag alder, . . 


46 S 


viburnum dentatum 


476 


Spanish needles, 


473 


tamarack, . . 


475 


viburnum opulus, 


469 


spearmint, . 


475 


tanacetum, 


476 


viburnum punifol- 




spicewood, 


462 


tansy, . . . 


476 


ium, . . 467 


487 


spigela, . . . 


472 


taraxacum, . ' 


479 


viola tricolor, . . 


476 


spikenard, . . . 


473 


tea 


476 


Virg. creeper, 469 


473 


spikenard comp. , 


485 


tea, Labrador, 


469 


viscum album, . 


476 


spiney burweed, . 


469 


tecoma radicans, 


476 


wafer ash, . 469, 487 


spirre tomentosa, 


476 


thea Chinensis, 


476 


wahoo bark, 469 


487 


spurge, ipecacuanha, 465 


theobroma cacao 


476 


water eryngo, 468 


487 


spurge, large, flow- 




thimbleweed, . 


476 


water fennel, 462 


469 


ering, . . . 


461 


thistle blessed, 


473 


watermelon seed, 


474 


spurge, large, 




thoroughwort, 


471 


water pepper, 465 


487 


spotted, . 465, 487 


thuja Occident 




wax palm, . 


468 


spurge, pill-bearing, 465 


alis, . . . 46 


2, 487 


whiteroot, . 


461 


spurred or smut rye 


477 


thyme, . . . 


476 


white wood, 


462 


square, carpenter's, 


476 


thymus vulgaris, 


476 


wickup, . 474, 


487 


squaw vine, 


475 


tilia, . . . 


476 


wild cherry, 


478 


squaw vine comp., 


484 


tobacco, 


476 


wild cherry comp., 


485 


squill, .... 


460 


tolu, . . . 


497 


wild cherry, detan- 




squill, acetic, . . 


488 


tonga, . 


476 


nated, . . 


481 


squill, comp., 


485 


tonqua, 


461 


wild indigo, 461 


487 


staff tree, . . . 


473 


tormentil, . 46 


9. 476 


wild lettuce, 


475 


staphisagria, . 


461 


tormentilla, 


476 


wild turnip, 


465 


star anise, . 


469 


trailing arbutus. 


474 


wild violet, 


476 


star, blazing, . 


475 


tree of heaven, 


468 


wild yam, . 


461 


star grass, . 473 


487 


trifolium partense 


, 476 


willow black, . . 


469 


statice Carolina, . 


476 


triosteum perfoli 




willow herb, . . 


474 


stavesacre, . . 


462 


atum, 


476 


willow white, . 


469 


sterculia accumin, 


469 


trillium. 


462 


wintera or winter's 


462 


stigmata maydis, 


476 


triticum repens, 




bark, 


462 


stillingia, . 472 


. 4S7 


trumpet creeper, 


476 


wintergreen, . 


474 


stillingia, comp. . 


4S5 


tulip tree, . 


462 


witch hazel, 474 


478 


stone crop, Vir- 




turkey, corn 




wood anemone, . 


473 


ginia, . . 469, 487 


pea, . . 46 


8, 487 


wormseed, . 461 


462 


stone root, . 468 


, 4^7 


turmeric, . . 


461 


wormwood, . . 


473 


stramonium leaves 




Turnera, . 


462 


xanthium s pi no- 




. ... 467 


, 468 


turnip, wild, 46 


5, 4S7 


sum 


469 



INDEX. 



1237 



Fluid ext. xanthium 




Foods 


»., 


Fruit, red, cochineal, 


247 


strumarium, 


469 


infants and inva- 




saline 


1116 


xanthoxylum bark, 


460 


lids, .... 


1172 


syrups, .... 


777 


xanthoxlum, ber- 




Formate of ammoni- 




tablets, .... 


872 


ries 


462 


um, .... 


149 


Fuchsine, 


154 


yarrow. 


473 


amyl 


I 5 I 


Fucus vesiculosus fl. 




yam, wild, . . . 


461 


Formic, acid, 


56 


ext 


474 


yellow dock, 472 


4S4 


acid spirit, . . . 


766 


Fuller's leg wash, . 


597 


yellow jasmine, . 


460 


ether, .... 


7S 


Fumaria fl. ext., 


474 


yellow parilla, 


465 


Fortified ex. vanilla, 


420 


Fumitory fl. ext.. . 


474 


yellow root, 


469 


Fossil bitumen, . 


724 


Fumigating powder, 


721 


yerba buena, . 


462 


Fothergill's asthma 




Fumitory syrup, 


824 


yerba mansa, . 


465 


mixture, . . . 


628 


Furniture cream, 


11S1 


yerba rheuma, 474 


487 


Fousel oil, . 86, 95 


150 


polish, .... 


1181 


yerba santa, 461 


487 


Fowler's solution, . 


565 


varnish, 


"93 


zanthorrhiza, . 


469 


Foxglove, fl. ex., 


466 


Fusel oil, . . 86, 95 


150 


zedoaria or zedoary 


462 


fl. ex. etherial, 


493 


Fusible metal, . . 


191 


zingiber, 


460 


ointment, . . . 


992 


Fustic extract, . 


877 


Fluid extracts, . . 


453 


syrup, .... 


S25 






acetic 


4S8 


tincture, 


905 






aqueous, 


489 


Francisca uniflora, 




G 




class A, formula, 


453 


fl. ext., . . . 


469 






class B, 


463 


Fragrant benzine, . 


1169 


Gadberry's spleen 




class C, 


465 


cream, .... 


"33 


mixture, . 


630 


class I J, " 


470 


Frangula elixir, . 


325 


Gadus morrhua, . . 


638 


compound, . . 


481 


extract, .... 


449 


Galactose, . 515 


735 


etherial, 


492 


fluid extract, . . 


478 


(ialangal, fluid ext. 


462 


green plant, . 


466 


Frankenia, fl. ext. 474 


,4S7 


oil 


652 


official, 459, 464, 


466, 


Frankincense, . . 


730 


tincture, 


947 


470, 477- 




Frasera, fl. ext., 


474 


Galbanum, . . . 


729 


gums and resins, 


493 


Fraxinus, Am. fl. ext. 


.474 


plaster 


3S6 


processes for, 455 to 458 


sambucifolia fl. ext. 


,474 


tincture, 


946 


U.S. 1 S 70 process 


455 


Frazerin, .... 


732 


Galena 


696 


U. S. 1880 process 


. 455 


Freckle and moth 




Galen's cerate, . 


224 


combination proc, 


457 


lotion, . . . 


597 


Gale, sweet, tl. ext. 


47? 


pressure process, 


457 


French blacking, 


117S 


Galium aperine, tl. 




repercolat'n proc, 


456 


French brandy, 771, 


1187 


extract, . 


474 


water-bath percol., 


458 


Fresh herbs, tinct., 


913 


verum, fluid ext. 


474 


E luid Hydrastis, 480 


490 


Friar's balsam, . . 


890 


Galla, fluid extract, 


474 


writing, . . . 


1 1 74 


Friedrichshall water 




Gallate ammonium, 


149 


1 ilming, 


5f>9 


solution, 


869 


Gallic acid, . . 57 


,873 


battery, 


586 


Fringe tree, fl. ext., 




acid, glyeerite, . 


517 


ink erasing, 


1178 


. • ■ • 474 


4S7 


acid, ointment. 


970 


Fluoride of ammoni- 




Frostilla 


"33 


( rails syrup, . 


823 


um 


149 


Frost wort, fl. ext., 


475 


Gambogia, 


729 


of antimony, . . 


' 59 


Fruit 


21 


< lambogic acid, . 


729 


of calcium, 


209 


acid 


849 


( tarcinia 1 [anburii, . 


7-"' 


of chromium, . 


239 


coloring, . . 


247 


( tardea celandine, ll. 




Fluorides, . . . 


513 


flavors, artificial, 


427 


extract, . v>- 


. 4T 


Fluorine 


5i3 


or grape salt, . . 


1 1 16 


Garget root, tl. ext., 




Fluor-spar, . . . 


209 


juice preservative, 


1183 


.... 469 


■ I-- 


Flower pomades, i ( > 


. 645 


juices 


776 


1 largling oil, . 


r.096 


Flowers 


20 


juices, process for 




i rarlic, Quid ext., 


4-w 


1' ly paper, poison, . 


230 


making, . 


776 


oil 


652 


sticky, . . 231, 


1170 


juice, shakes, . 


865 


oil, artificial, . . 


134 


Fly stone, . . . 


240 


juice, syrups, . . 


849 


ointment, . 




powder, 


721 


laxatives, . . . 




syrup 




Foam soda, . . . 


849 


laxative lozenges, 




syrup, compound, 


794 


Fosniculum H. ex., . 


469 


oils from, . . . 


642 


Fremontii, il. 




Food, chemical, 


B4£ 


preserving liquids, 




extract, . . . 







1058 


preserving solu- 




Gas, laughing, . 


635 


plant 


1 1 72 


tions. 


59° 


Liquor 


[46 



1288 



INDEX. 



Gasoline, .... 


671 


Gentian and tinct. of 


Glace, starch, 


IT83 


Gaultheria, fluid ext. 


474 


iron elixir, with 


Glass liquid, . . . 


567 


spirit, .... 


767 


lactopeptine, . 


332 


and metal cement, 


1 164 


Gaulthero-sal i c y 1 i c 




wine compound, 


1014 


polish 


1181 


acid. . . 648, 


737 


Geraniin, . . . 


732 


varnish, 


"93 


Gaultherilene, 


648 


Geranium, fl. extrac 


, 471 


water 


567 


Gelacacia or soluble 




Geranium oil, 


652 


Glauber's salt, . . 


755 


pill coating, 


682 


tincture, 


946 


Globules, medicated, 


957 


Gelatin 


513 


German cologne, 


"57 


Gloss, hair, . . . 


1 149 


Gelatina, .... 


513 


corn cure, . 24^ 


, 1059 


starch 


1182 


Gelatin capsules. 


514 


liver bitters, . 


104 1 


Glove cleaner, 


1 169 


coating, 


514 


silver, . . . 


264 


Glucose, . . . 152, 515 


coating pills, . 


681 


syrup, . . . 


106.4 


Glucoses 


735 


suppositories, . 


514 


tonic, . . . 


1118 


Glucosides, . 


515 


Gelsemin, 


732 


Geum urbanum, fl.ext. 474 


Glue 


513 


Gelsemina, 


116 


rivale, fl. extract, 


474 


elastic, .... 


1165 


Gelsemine, . . . 


116 


Gewtirzhafte krauter 


, 758 


liquid, . . 514, 


1165 


hydrochlorate, 


117 


Giant liver pills, 


1051 


marine, . . . 


1165 


Gelseminia, . . . 


116 


Gilding and silvering 


mouth, .... 


"65 


Gelsemium, elixir, . 


326 


pills, . . . 


682 


ordinary, . 


1165 


extract, alcoholic. 


446 


solution, . . 


11S1 


pad, 


1165 


fluid extract, 460, 


4S7 


wax, 


216 


tungstic, 


967 


tincture, 


909 


Gilead balm, . 


182 


waterproof, 


1165 


General formula for 




Gillenia stipulacea fl 




Glutina cement, . 


1163 


extracts. . . . 


442 


ext., . 


462 


Glyceric alcohol, 85 


, 516 


soluble extracts. . 


421 


trifoliata fl. ext., 


462 


Glycerin 


5i6 


Gentian and bismuth 




Gillinia syrup, 


823 


and cod liver oil, 


404 


elixir, 


327 


Gin, .... 


1 190 


cream, .... 


1 194 


and chloride iron 




American, . . 


1 190 


honey 


1147 


elix. with quini. 


33i 


Holland, . . 


1191 


honey, carbolated, 


1147 


chloride iron, qui- 




London cordial, 


1191 


ice, 


1147 


nine and strych- 




London dock. 


1191 


jelly, . . . . 


1147 


nine, elixir, 


33i 


Old Tom, . . 


1191 


jelly, camphorat'd, 


"47 


compound, fl. ext. 


483 


to clarify, . 


1191 


jelly, carbolated, 


"47 


tincture, . . 


910 


to filter,' . . 


1191 


lotion 


"49 


tinct. improved, 


911 


Ginger ale, . . 


422 


ointment, . . . 


977 


cordial, .... 


262 


ale extract, 


422 


soap 


743 


elixir, .... 


326 


ale syrup, . 422, 856 


solidified, . 


"47 


ferrated, . . 


327 


carminative, 


1046 


Glycerina, 


517 


extract, .... 


446 


elixir, . . . 


332 


Glycerines, 


517 


five-flowered , fl. ext. 


474 


extract, aromatic 


1074 


Glycerinum, . 


5i6 


fluid extract, . 


471 


extract or essence 


417 


acidi carbolici, 


517 


infusion comp., . 


537 


extract, Jamaica, 


1073 


acidi gallici, 


517 


and iron elixir, 327 


329 


fluid extract, . 


460 


acidi tannici. . 


517 


iron and bismuth 




grass oil, . . 


652 


aluminis, . 


517 


elixir, 


328 


Jamaica essence 


1073 


amyli 


5i8 


iron, bismuth and 




Jamaica extract. 


1073 


boracis, . . . 


5i8 


strychnine elix. 


32S 


Jamaica extract 


plumbi subacetatis 


5i8 


iron and strychnine 




aromatic, 


1074 


tragacanthae, . . 


5i8 


elixir, . . . 


329 


leaf fl. ext., . 


465 


vitelli 


519 


iron and strychnine 




oil 


652 


Glycerita, 


517 


elixir, . . . 


32S 


oleoresin, . 


661 


Glycerite albumen, . 


519 


and phosphate of 




plaster, . 


393 


of alum, 


517 


iron elixir, . 


329 


soluble extract, 


421 


arnica 


519 


strychnine and bis- 




syrup, . 422, S2 


1, 856 


bismuth, . . . 


519 


muth elixir, 


330 


tincture, . . 


945 


of borax, 


518 


and strychnine elix. 


33o 


tincture, strong, 


945 


calendula, . 


520 


tincture, 


910 


tonic, 


1118 


camphor chloral. . 


520 


tinct. ammoniated. 


950 


troches, . . 


966 


carbolate of iodine 


520 


tinct. compound, 


910 


Ginseng fl. ext., 


475 


carbolic acid, . 


517 


with tinct. of iron 




Girondin disinfectant 


gallic acid, 


517 


elixir, 


330 


solution, 


5S7 


hypophosphites, . 


520 



INDEX. 



1239 



Glycerite iodine, 




521 


pepsin 


521 


of pepsin and wa- 




fer ash, . . . 


521 


phosphorus, . . 


5 21 


of quinine, 


521 


of quinine and 




strychnine, . 


522 


of starch, . . . 


518 


subacetate of lead, 


519 


tannic acid, 


517 


of tar, .... 


522 


of tar compound, 


522 


tragacanth, 


518 


yerba santa comp. , 


522 


yolk of egg, . . 


519 


Glycerites, . . . 


517 


Glyceritum amyli, . 


518 


Glycerol, .... 


5i6 


Glyceryl, .... 


5i6 


Glyconin 


519 


Glycyrrhiza elixir, . 


342 


elixir compound, . 


343 


extract, pure, . . 


446 


fluid extract, . . 


471 


mixture comp., . 


624 


powder comp., 


716 


syrup 


822 


syrup compound, 


827 


Glycyrrhizin, ammo- 




niated, . . . 


523 


Glycyrrhizinum, am- 




moniatum, . 


523 


Gnaphalium, fl. ext., 


474 


Gnoscopine, . 


666 


Gold, . . . 




179 


bromide, 




180 


chloride, 




180 


cyanide, 




180 


ink, . 




1 177 


iodide, . 




180 


leaf, . . . 




179 
264 


Mannheim, 




ointment, . 




992 


oxides. . . 




180 


plating solution, . 


590 


andsodi'm chloride 


. 179 


sulphide, . . . 


180 


thread, fluid ext., 


494 


thread, tincture, . 


<)46 


white, .... 


695 


i lolden anodyne tinct. 


[028 


drops, 1 >r. 1 »e 1 a 




Motte's, . . . 


381 


hair coloring, . 


IO-I 


ointment, . 


1 103 


rod, fluid extract, 


476 


rod, oil, 


652 


seal elixir, . 


334 


seal, fluid extract, 


464 


seal, fl. ext., aque., 


490 


seal tincture, 




914 



Golden seal wine 

comp., . . . 1014 
syrup, .... 874 
tincture, . . . 102S 
Gombault's caustic 

balsam, . . . 1034 
Gooseberry essence or 

extract, . . . 430 
Goose oil, . . . 641 
Gossypiin, . . . 732 
Gossypium fl. ext., 

. . . 460, 487 

Gossypium herbacum, 638 

wine, .... 1010 

Gouania domingensis, 474 

Goulard's balsam, . 1S5 

cerate 221 

extract 563 

Gould's d i a r r h ce a 

mixture, . . . 629 
Gout cordial, War- 
ner's, . . . 936 

elixir 3S0 

mixture, Lavelle's, 629 
paper, .... 230 
Government harness 

dressing, . .1179 
Gowland's lotion, . 597 
Granati fructus fluid 

extract, . . . 474 
Granatum fl. ext., . 474 
Grantville carbolic 

alkali, . . . 587 
Granulated citrate 

of magnesia, . Coo 

zinc 1020 

Granville's milder lo- 
tion, .... 597 
stronger lotion, . 597 
Grape essence or ext. , 430 
or fruit salt, . .1116 
Oregon fl. ext., 468, 487 
phosphate syrup, 856 
sugar, . 152, 515. 735 
syrup, . . 850, 856 
Graphite, .... 210 
Grass-green coloring, 248 
Gratiola, fluid ext., 474 
Gravel plant, fl. ext., 474 
Grease, bear's, . . 64] 
Great laurel. II. ext., 4'") 
Green show bottle . 251 
balsam, . . l8l, l8j 
coloring, 248 

hellebore, tinct., . 944 

ink [173 

iodide mercury, . 527 
, fluid ext., . 471 

plant, fluid cxts., .| -1. 
soap 742 

soap, tincture, g )8 

tinctures, . 



Gregory's powder, 
Griffith's mixture, 
Grindelia, fluid ext 
compound, . 

robusta, elixir, 

fluid extract, 464, 487 

squarrosa, fl. ext. , 4S7 
Gromwell, false, fl 

extract, . 
Ground-nut oil, . 
Guaco leaves, fl. ext 
Guaiacene, 
Guaiacic acid, 
Guaiac, liquid ext., 

resin, ... 

resin, fluid extract 

tincture, 

tincture alkaline 
ammoniated, 

tincture, Dewee's 

wood, fluid ext., 
Guaiacol, . 
Guaiacum balsam, 

lignum, fluid ext. 

mixture, 

officinale, . 

syrup, . 

wood, tincture 
Guarana elixir, 

and celery elixir 

fluid extract, 

syrup, . . 

tincture, 
Guarananine, 
Gum aloes, 

ammoniac, . 



amine, . . 
arabic, . 
arabic syrup, 
artificial, 
bdellium, . 
British, . . 
camphor, . 
catechu, 
cherry tree, 
copal, . 
cutch, . . 
euphorbium, 
fetida, . . 

galbanum, . 
gamboge, . 

tc, , 
hemlock, 
hog, . . . 

kino, 
mastic, . 
mesquit, 
myrrh, . . 
ohbanum, . 
opium, . 
opoponax, . 
resins, . 2 



474 
725 
725 
495 
725 
495 
911 
912 
912 
912 
462 
725 
185 
462 
625 
725 
S24 
94S 
332 
333 
464 
825 
947 
no 
727 
728 
724 
726 
792 
271 

729 
271 
727 
727 
727 
725 
727 
729 
728 
729 
729 
725 
694 
727 
727 
726 

727 

73o 
728 

73" 



1240 



INDEX. 



sagepanum, 


730 


Hall's solution of 




Hemlock, essence, 


412 


sandarach, 


726 


strychnine, 


591 


fl. ext 


476 


Senegal, . . 


726 


Halogens, . 513 


, 540 


gum, . . . 


694 


spruce, . 


730 


Hamamelidin, 


732 


juice, 


775 


sweet, . 


182 


Hamamelidis cortex, 




oil, .... 


652 


tamarac, . . 


730 


fl. extract., . 


474 


pitch, . . . 


694 


thus, . . . 


182 


Hamamelis, bark, fl. 




pitch plaster, . 


388 


tragacanth, 


727 


extract, . 


474 


tincture, 


904 


turpentine, 182, 662 


leaves, fl. extract, 


478 


water, fl. ext., 


471 


Gummipulver, 


717 


Hamburg tea, . . 


1 107 


Hemorrhoidal lotior 


. 597 


Gums, . . 21, 722, 726 


Hamburger drops, . 


1126 


Hemp, American, fl 




chewing, 


730 


Handkerchief exts. , 


"54 


ext., . . 46 


1, 487 


Gun cotton, soluble 


721 


perfumes, . 


"50 


Indian, black, fl 




Gurjun balsam, iS 


2, 663 


Hardhack, fl. ext., 


476 


ext., . . . 


468 


balsam oil, 


652 


Harness dressing, 




Indian, fl. ext., 


459 


Guttapercha, 


725 


government, 


"79 


Indian tincture, 


893 


solution, 


558 


polish, .... 


1180 


Indian, white, fl 




Gypsum, . 


210 


Hartshorn, . . . 


145 


ext., . 


461 






Hasting's wood, 




seed oil, 


642 






naphtha, . . 


772 


Henbane, extract, 


447 


H 




Havana cigar flavor- 




leaves, fl. ext., 


467 






ing, .... 


435 


root, fl. ext., . 


469 


Haarlem oil, . 


653 


Haw, black, fl. ext., 


487 


seed, fl. ext., . 


462 


Haematoxylon, fl. ex 


t. 474 


Hazel-nut. oil, . 


662 


syrup, . . . 


825 


Hair balsam, 


1081 


witch, fl. ext., 478 


474 


tincture. 


9 T 5 


cap moss, fl. ext., 


476 


Healing ointment, 


1 104 


Henry's magnesia, 


599 


dye, bismuth, . 


1141 


Health elixir, . . 


381 


Hen's oil, . 


641 


dye, black, 


1080 


restorer, women's, 


1077 


Hepar sulphur, . 


781 


dye, brown, 


1080 


Heart corrector, 


1085 


sulphuris, . 


781 


dye, golden, . 


1081 


preparations, . 


1084 


sulphuris kalium, 


781 


dye, vanadium, 


1141 


regulator, . . . 


1085 


Hepatica, fl. ext., 


475 


dyes, 


1141 


Heave powder, . . 


1057 


Hepryl, . . . 


85 


gloss, . . . 


1 149 


Hebra's ointment, . 


976 


Heptyl alcohol, . 


85 


grower, 


"43 


Hedeoma, fl. ext., 


469 


Heracleum, fl. ext. 


475 


grower, carboline 


1084 


Pledge garlic oil, 


652 


Herba or yerba man 




grower, pomade, 


"43 


hyssop, fl. ext., . 


474 


sa, fl. ext., . 


46S 


growers, 


1142 


hyssop, tincture, . 


947 


Herbs, . . . 


21 


lotion, . . . 


1084 


mustard syrup, 


824 


Heuchera, fl. ext., 


475 


lotion, almond, 


"43 


Hektograph copying 




Hexyl, . . . 


85 


lotion, bay, 


"43 


pad 


11S0 


alcohol, 


85 


lotion, rose, 


"43 


inks 


"75 


Hibiscus abelmos 




lotion, stimulating 


, "43 


Helianthemus, fl. ex. 


475 


chus, fl. ext., 


462 


lotions. . 


"43 


Helianthus, fl. ext., 


469 


Hickory-nut oil, 


662 


oil bases, •. 


1141 


Heliotrope oil, . 


652 


white, fl. ext., » 


473 


oil coloring, 


1141 


sachet 


"59 


Hiera picra, . 


720 


oil perfumes, . 


1 142 


Hellebore, Ameri- 




High wine, . . 


88 


oil, walnut, 


1142 


can, fl. ext., 160 


,487 


Hippocastanum, fl 




oils, .... 


1141 


American, tinct., 


943 


ext., . 


475 


powders, 


1 146 


black, fl. ext., . 


469 


Hips, .... 


257 


preparations, . 


1 140 


ointment, . 


992 


confection, 


257 


renewer, 


icSi 


white, fl. ext., 


469 


Hive syrup, . 


817 


renovator, . 


1082 


wine, comp., . 


1014 


Hoarhound com 




restorer, . . 


10S2 


Helleborus, niger, fl. 




pound, fl. ext. 


483 


restorer, Mrs. Al 




ext 


4G9 


compound syrup 


828 


len's, 


■ 1083 


Helminthocortus sy- 




fluid extract, . 


475 


tonic, katharion, 


10S3 


rup, .... 


822 


oil 


652 


tonics, . 


1083 


Helonias, fl. ext., 462, 487 


syrup, . . . 


823 


vigor, . . . 


1082 


fl. ext., comp., 


483 


tar and honey, 


1066 


vitalizer, 


1082 


comp. elixir, . 


333 


Hock syrup, . 


857 


wash, 


1084 


Helonin 


732 


Hoffmann's anodyn 


-, 760 


Haller's acid drops, 


73 


Hemidesmus, fl. ext., 


475 


balsamic mixture 


628 


acid elixir, 


380 


syrup, .... 


803 


balsam of life, 


62S 



INDEX. 



1241 



vicerale elixir, 38 


I, 343 


Hungarian turpentine, 663 


H ydrated oxide of 




Hog cholera cure, 


1058 


turpentine oil, 


652 


bismuth, . . . 


i95 


powder, . . 


1057 


Hunn's life drops. 


1127 


oxide of iron, 


507 


Hog gum, 


727 


Hunyadijanos water, 869 


oxide of tin, . 


773 


Holloway's pills, 


1127 


Husband's magnesia, 599 


oxide of iron with 




Holzthee, . . . 


75S 


Huxham's tincture, 


901 


magnesia, . . 


508 


Homoeopathic solu 




Hyacinth oil, 


654 


per oxide of tin, 


773 


tions, . . 


955 


Hydracides, . 


533 


Hydrates, . . . 


667 


triturations. 


957 


Hydramines, 


96 


of tin, . . . 


773 


tinctures, . 


953 


Hydrangea, fl. ext., 


475 


Hydride of phenyl, 


1S9 


Honduras bark, fl 




H ydrargy ri c h 1 r 




phosphorus, 


674 


ext 


473 


dumcorrosivum 


. 526 


Hydrides, 


532 


Honey, balsam of, 


1S4 


chloridum mite, 


525 


carbon 


213 


borax, . 


618 


cyanidum, . 


526 


Hydriodate of morph. 


122 


clarified, . . 


618 


iodidum rubrum, 


527 


Hydriodic acid, . 


540 


cough, . 


1063 


iodidum viride, 


528 


acid diluted, . 


50 


glycerin, . . 


"47 


oxidum flavum, 


523 


acid syrup, 


793 


hoarhound and tar 


, 1066 


oxidum rubrum, 


529 


Hydriodic ether, 


73 


rose, 


618 


persulphas, 


529 


Hydro-acids, . . 


532 


spirit compound, 


772 


subsulphas flavus 


530 


Hydrobromate f 




Honeys, . 


61S 


sulphidum rubrun 


1, 531 


morphine, . 


122 


Hope's camphor mix 


t. 628 


Hydrargyrum, . 


523 


quinine, 


126 


Hop bitters, . . 


1037 


ammoniatum, . 


524 


Hydrobromic acid, . 


201 


extract, 


44S 


cum crete, . 


523 


acid diluted, . 56, 59 


infusion, 


533 


Hydrastia, 


"7 


ether, ... 78, 79 


Hoptree, fl. ext., 


469 


Hydrastin, 109, 11 


7, 732 


Hydrocarbon oil, 


654 


Hops, elixir, . . 


333 


Hydrastina, . . 


"7 


Hydrocarbons, 532 


643 


fluid extract, . 


462 


Ilydrastine, . 


117 


Hydrocarbon series, 


213 


oil 


652 


colorless solution, 


1129 


Hydrochlorate f 




ointment, . 


992 


Hydrastis elixir, 


334 


berberine, . 


IO9 


tincture, 


914 


and bismuth c-lixi 


. 335 


cocaine, . . . 


113 


Horse brimstone, 


780 


elixir, ferriphos 




cocaine elixir, 


319 


chestnut bark, fl 




phated, . . 


334 


conine 


"5 


extract, . 


475 


and iron elixir, 


334 


gelsemine, . 


"7 


chestnut seeds, fl 




iron and bismuth 




morphine, . 105 


121 


extract, . . 


468 


elixir, 


335 


pilocarpine, . . 


124 


chestnut tincture, 


946 


iron and strychnin 


e 


propylamine, . 


133 


Horsemint, fl. ext., 


469 


elixir, . . 


335 


quinine, 


126 


oil 


652 


fluid, . . . 


480 


trimethylamine, . 


133 


Horseradish spiri 


. 


fluid ext., . 46 


4, 480 


Hydrochloric acid, 




compound, . 


764 


fluid ext., aqueou 


s, 490 


. . . . 56, 60 


236 


oil 


652 


fl. ext., purified, 


480 


acid diluted, . 56, 6<> 


fluid extract, . 


465 


fluid ext., withou 




ether 


73 


Hoi 1 tail, fl. ext., 


468 


alcohol, . . 


4')" 


Hydrocotarine, . 


666 


I [orsford's acid pho 


s- 


injection comp. 


1087 


1 [ydrocyanic acid, . 


267 


phate, 


1023 


tincture, 


914 


diluted, ... 56, 61 


Horticultural ink, 


1178 


tincture compouni 


1, 950 


inhalation, 


996 


Hospital emulsion, 


405 


Hydrate of allyl, 


134 


Hydrofluoric acid, . 


513 


quinine, . . 


129 


amyl. 


95 


Hydrogenium, . 


532 


Hoi drops, 


951 


aluminium. 


139 


Hydrogen, . . 55 


532 


egg phosphate, 


867 


ammonium, 


141 


carburetted, 


213 


lemonade, . 


867 


barium, 


18S 


carburetted light, 


213 


soda syrups, . 


866 


bromal, 


_•, « , 


carburetted heavy, 


2 1 3 


1 lound's tongue, il 




chloral, . . . 


233 


per oxide, [88 


532 


extract, . 


474 


chloral elixir, . 


3M 


per oxide solution, 


589 


tongue syrup, 


824 


ethyl, . . . 


86 


per sulphide, . 


7-1 


11 oy t s <;<-r ma 1 


1 


lime, 


2<«S 


phosphoretted, 




cologne, 


1158 


methyl, 




sulphide, . . . 


78. 


Huckleberry e x t 


430 


nickel, . 


634 


sulphuretted, . 


781 


syrup, . . 8j 


0, 857 


potassium, 


7(MI 


telluretted, . . 


J74 


I lumulus elixir, 


333 


sodium, 


746 


Hydrosulphide of 




fluid extract, . 


462 


I [ydrated alumina, 


1 19 


ammonium, 


149 



1242 



sul- 
sull 



Hydroxides, . 
Hyoscyamus, ext. 

alcoholic, 
Hyoscia, . . . 
Hyoscine, . . 
Hyoscina, 
Hyoscyamia, . 
Hyoscyamin, 
Hyoscyamine, 
Hyoscyamina, 
Hyoscyamine 

phas. 
Hyoscyamine 

ph'ate, . . . 
Hyoscyami folia, fl. 
extract, . 

radix, fl. extract, 

semen, fl. extract, 
Hyoscyamus, abst'ct, 

elixir 

fluid extract, . . 

juice 

liniment, . . . 

oil, 

seed oil, . . . 

s y ru P 

tincture, . . . 
Hypericum, tl. ext., 
Hypnotics, . . . : 

suppositories, 
Hypochlorous acid, 
Hypodermic tablets, 

compressed, 
Hyponitrous oxide, 
Hypophosphite of 

ammonium, 
calcium, . . . 
calcium elixir, 
calcium syrup, 
calcium and sodi- 
um syrup, . 
calcium, sodium 

and potas. syr., 
calcium, sodium, 

potassium and 

iron syrup 
iron, . . 
iron elixir, . 
iron syrup, 
iron and calcium 

syrup, . . 
iron and manga 

nese syrup, 
lime, 
lime syrup, 
lime and soda, 
lime and soda syr 
lime, soda and po 

tassa syrup 
lime, soda, po 

tassa and iron 

syrup, 



467 
469 
462 

48 
335 
467 

775 
640 

6411 
642 

825 
<)i5 
47.; 
098 
787 
236 

872 
&35 

149 
207 

335 
S34 

835 

835 



835 
505 
336 
8'36 

S36 

836 
207 
834 
309 

S35 



835 



Hypophosphite of 

manganese, 
manganese syrup 
potassium, 
sodium, . . 
sodium elixir, 
sodium syrup, 
Hypophosphites, 
compound elixir 
compound, 
glycerite, , 
iron, quinine and 

strychnine s y 

rup, . . . 
solution comp., 
syrup compound 
syrup, . 
syrup with iron, 
syrup compound 

Fellow's, 
syrup comp. with 

lactopeptine 
comp. syrup with 

quinine and 

strychnine, . 
Hypophosph o r o u 

acid, . 
acid diluted, 
oxide, . 
Hyposulphite of so 

dium, 
Hypo-sulphurous 

acid, ... 
Hyssop or hyssopus, 

fluid extract, 

oil 

syrup, . . . 



615 
836 
707 
751 
336 
836 
675 
336 
1085 
520 



573 
835 
803 
804 

837 



837 

675 
56, 61 

674 

752 

78i 

475 
652 
823 



Ice camphor, 

camphor, with gly- 
cerine, 

camp'r, carbolat'd, 

glycerin. 
Iceland moss, fl. ext. 

moss syrup, . . 

moss comp. syr., 
Ice plant, fluid ext., 
Ignatia, abstract, 

elixir 

fluid ext., . 462 

tincture, 
Illicium, anisatum, 

fluid extract, . 
Ilix Paraguayensis, 
fluid extract, . 
Imitation arrack, . 
Imperatoria fl. ext., 
Indelible ink, 

laundry ink, . 



• 1 103 



1 146 

1 146 

1147 

473 

822 

826 

469 

48 

336 

480 

915 

646 

469 

475 
11SS 

462 
H75 
"75 



1174 
725 
489 
444 
459 
652 

893 



India ink, 

rubber, .... 

Indian bael, fl. ext., 
cannabis extract, 
cannabis, fl. ext., 
cannabis oil, . . 
cannabis tincture, 
hemp, black, fl. ext., 468 
hemp, fluid ext., . 459 
hemp, tincture, . 893 
hemp, white, fl. ext. , 461 
liniment, . . . 1094 
physic, fluid ext., 462 
sarsaparilla, fl. ext., 475 
sarsaparilla syrup, 803 
tobacco seed, fl. ext ,462 
turnip, fl. extract, 

465, 487 



Indigo, 
compound, 
extract, . 
paste, . 
soluble, 
suplate, 



wild, fl. ext., 461, 487 



wild, tincture, 
Indigofera, 
Indigotin, 
Infants' and inva 

lids' foods, . 
Infusa, . . . 
Infusion, . . . 

bearberry, . . 

brayera, . . 

buchu, . 

calumba, . 

cascarilla, . 

catechu, 

chamomile, 

chiratre, 

cinchona, . 

cinchona, acid, 

cloves, . . . 

cusparia, 

digitalis, 

ergot, . . 

gentian comp 

hop, 

jaborandi, . 

kousso, . . 

linseed, . . 

matico, 

orange peel, . 

orange peel, comp 

quassia, 

rhatany, 

rhubarb, . . 

roses, ac'd, 

senega, . . . 

senna, . 

senna, comp., 

serpentaria;, .. 



876 
877 

S77 
877 
877 
877 



947 
876 
876 

1172 
533 
33 
538 
534 
537 
537 
537 
537 
536 
537 
535 
537 
537 
537 

535, 537 
537 
537 
538 
538 

534, 537 
538 
538 
536 
536 
538 
533 
538 
538 
538 
538 
536 
538 



INDEX. 



1243 



Infusion serpentary, 


53S 


1 Irk, eosine, . 


"73 


Iodide cadmium, 


203 


valerian, 


539 


eraser 


1178 


calcium, . . . 


210 


wild cherry, 


535 


erasing fluids, 


117S 


calcium elixir, 


330 


Infusions, . . . 


533 


gold 


"77 


calcium syrup, 


838 


general formula for 


, 533 


green 


"73 


chromium, . . . 


239 


Infusum anthemidis, 


536 


hektograph, . 


"75 


gold 


180 


aurantii, 


536 


horticultural, . . 


1178 


iron, . . . . 


506 


aurantii comp. , . 


536 


indelible, . . . 


"75 


iron, tasteless. 


506 


bray eras, 


534 


indelible laundry, 


"75 


iron elix. tasteless. 


337 


buchu 


537 


India 


11 74 


iron, saccharated, 


505 


columbae. . . . 


537 


Japan, .... 


"73 


iron syrup. 


800 


carophylli, 


537 


marking, . 


1176 


iron syr. tasteless. 


S39 


cascarillas, . 


537 


marking cotton, . 


1176 


iron and manga- 




catechu, . . . 


537 


marking, in cakes, 


1176 


nese syrup, . 


839 


chiratae, . . . 


537 


maroon, 


"73 


lead 


694 


cinchonas, . 


535 


powders, . 


1176 


lead plaster, . . 


390 


cinchona;, acidum, 


537 


purple, .... 


"73 


lead ointment. 


98 5 


cusparias, . 


537 


red 


1172 


lime syrup, 


838 


cusso 


537 


rubber stamp, 


1 176 


lithium, 


595 


digitalis, . 53: 


. 537 


school 


"73 


mercury ointment, 




ergotas, .... 


537 


silver, .... 


"77 


red 


9S0 


gentianas comp., . 


537 


stamping indelible 


1176 


magnesium, 


602 


jaborandi. . . . 


538 


violet 


1172 


manganese. 


615 


kramerias, . . . 


538 


violet-black. . . 


"74 


manganese syrup, 


839 


lini 


538 


violet, perfumed, 


"73 


potassium . . . 


707 


lupuli 


538 


white 


"77 


potassium elixir. . 


327 


maticas, 


538 


yellow 


"73 


potassium elixir, 




pruni Virgmianas, 


535 


Inks 


1172 


compound, . 


10S7 


quassias, . . . 


538 


copying. . . . 


"75 


potassium 1 i n i - 




rhei 


538 


copying, colored, 


"75 


ment with soap, 


545 


rosas acidum, . 


538 


hektograph, 


"75 


potassium i n t - 




senegas, 


538 


ribbon, .... 


"77 


ment, . . . 


986 


sennas, .... 


538 


sympathetic, 240, 


"77 


silver, .... 


173 


sennas compositum 


.536 


Inosit 


735 


sodium, 


752 


uvas ursi, . 


538 


Insect powder, . . 


721 


starch, .... 


153 


Valeriana.-, . 


539 


Inspissated juices, . 


441 


starch, soluble, 


154 


Inhalation of chlorine 


,996 


oxgall, .... 


497 


starch syrup, . 


839 


conine, .... 


996 


Inula Helenium.fl.ext. 469 


sulphur, 


780 


creasote, . . . 


996 


extract 


447 


sulphur ointment. 




fir-wool oil. 


996 


oil 


652 


.... 992 


, 989 


hydrocyanic acid, 


996 


Inulin, .... 


733 


zinc, .... 


1018 


iodine 


996 


Invisible face powd., 


"35 


Iodides, .... 


540 


Inhalant asthma. 


1030 


Iodal 


96 


and bromides of 




carbolate of iodine, 


10S6 


Iodamyl 


151 


calcium comp., 


1088 


excelsior, . 


1086 


Iodate of calcium, , . 


210 


tin, 


773 


menthol, 


1086 


potassium, . . . 


7" 


Iodinal collodion, . 


243 


Inhalants, . . . 


10S5 


Iodates 


540 


Iodine 


540 


Inhalers 


1085 


todia 


1087 


carbolate given iu-, 


520 


Injection brou, . . 


1087 


Iodic anhydride, 


54o 


carbolate inhalant, 


1086 


hydrastis comp., . 


1087 


acid, .... 


54i 


colorless tincture, 


521 


rose, .... 


1. .17 


Iodide of ammonium 


147 


colorless solution, 


521 


Injections, 


!.,-(, 


alteratives, . . 


1087 


glycerite, . 


521 


Ink. black, . . . 


"73 


aluminium. . . 


140 


inhalation, 


996 


black logwood, . 


"73 


ammonium linim't, 


,,„,- 


liniment, . . . 


545 


blue 


"73 


amyl, .... 


151 


LugOl'S caustic sol. 


538 


brown 


"73 


antimony, . 


159 


1^ 


54o 


carmine, . . . 


876 


arsenic, 


178 


ointment, . 


982 


carmine, red, . . 


246 


arsenicum, . . 


178 


ointment, comp., . 


983 


carmine, true, 


"73 


arsenic and mercu- 




soap 


744 


chromograph, 


"75 


ry solution, 


55o 


solution, COmp., . 


559 


copying, . . . 


"74 


barium, 


[88 


solution Lugol'fl 




copying, French, 


"74 


bromine, 


201 


rubefacient, 


588 



1244 



INDEX. 



Iodine tincture, . 


915 


Iron ammonium sul- 




Iron lactophosphate, 




tincture, decolorized, 950 


phate, . . 503 


510 


solution. . . . 


573 


tincture, etherial, 


952 


ammonium tartrate 


. 503 


lactophosphate, sy- 




tincture, comp., . 


916 


arseniate, . . . 


499 


rup 


841 


Iodized starch, . 


153 


beef wine of, . . 


1007 


malate, .... 


512 


cod liver oil, 399 


1126 


beef and cinchona 




manganese hypo- 




Iodo-bromide of cal- 




wine, 


1008 


phosphite syrup, 


836 


cium, comp. so- 




benzoate, . 


5ii 


manganese iodide 




lution, . 5S3. 


10S8 


bitters 


103S 


syrup, . . . 


839 


ferrated cod liver 




bitter wine of. 




mixture, aromatic, 


623 


oil, . . ._ . 


1126 


. . 1002, iooS, 


1014 


mixture, compound 


623 


ferrated emulsion 




bromide, 


511 


muriate tincture, . 


907 


cod liver oil, 


400 


bromide syrup, 


799 


nitrate, .... 


512 


Iodoform, 


539 


bromide syrup, 




nitrate solution, . 


556 


collodion, . 


244 


tasteless, 


831 


nitrogenized, . . 


840 


cotton, .... 


539 


by hydrogen, . 


499 


oleate 


658 


ointment, . 


983 


carbonate, . . . 


5" 


ore, chrome, . . 


702 


suppositories, . . 


7S9 


carbonate mass, . 


616 


oxalate, 


507 


tincture, etherial, 


952 


chloride, 


500 


oxide, moist, . 


507 


Iodohydrargyrate of 




chloride solution, 


554 


oxide, saccharated, 


512 


potassium, . 


712 


chloride solution, 




oxide syrup, 


801 


Iodum, .... 


540 


(tasteless), . 


57° 


oxides 


512 


Ipecac, American, 




chloride tincture, 


907 


oxychloridesol., . 


557 


fluid extract, 


462 


etherial, . . . 


908 


pepsin, elixir, . . 


353 


elixir, .... 


327 


tasteless, . . 


570 


pepsin and strych- 




or ipecacuanha, fl. 




cinchona wine, 


1008 


nine elixir, . 


353 


extract, . . . 


478 


citrate, .... 


501 


pepsin wine, . 


1012 


fl. ext.. aqueous, 


490 


citrate and ammo- 




perchloride solution 


,555 


and opium elixir. 


337 


nium. 


502 


perchloride tinct., 


908 


and opium powder 


717 


citrate elixir. . 


317 


per-nitrate solution 


556 


and opium syrup, 


82S 


citrate of, soluble, 


502 


persulphate, . . 


512 


and opium tinct., 




citrate solution, . 


555 


persulphate solution 


.557 


.... 917 


. 950 


citrate syrup, . 


S33 


phosphate, . 508 


509 


powder comp., 


717 


conium mixture, 




elixir, 


356 


and senega, fl. ext. 


483 


Tully's, . . . 


629 


quinine elixir, . 


356 


syrup 


S05 


dialysed, . 272 


512 


quin. and strych- 




wine, .... 


1003 


dialysed, elixir, 


323 


nine elixir, 


357 


tincture, 


917 


dialysed in scales, 


272 


solution, . 


575 


troches, 


963 


dialysed, solution, 


554 


syrup, . 801 


844 


Ipecacuanha spurge, 




dialysed, syrup, . 


840 


white, . . . 


512 


fluid extract, 


465 


ferrocyanide, . 


512 


plaster 


385 


Ipomoea jalapa, fl. ext 


.462 


hydrated oxide, . 


507 


potassium tartrate, 


504 


Iridin, 


733 


hydrated oxide with 


powdered, . 


498 


Iris extract, . . . 


447 


magnesia, . 


508 


protoctrate solution 


578 


Irish whisky, . . 


1 190 


hypophosphite, 


505 


protoxide elixir, . 


359 


Irisin, 


733 


hypophosphite elix. 


,336 


iodide of calcium 




Iris, Florentina, fl. 




hypophosphite so- 




elixir, . 


359 


extract, . 


362 


lution, 


572 


iodide of potas- 




Florentina, tinct., 


94S 


hypophosphite sy- 




sium elixir, . 


360 


versicolor, fl. ext. 




rup 


836 


quinine elixir, . 


360 


.... 464 


4S7 


iodide 


506 


quin. and strych- 




versicolor, tinct., 


947 


iodide elixir, taste- 




nine elixir, 


360 


Iron 


498 


less, .... 


337 


solution, . 


578 


acetate, 


5" 


iodide, saccharated, 


505 


syrup, . . . 


847 


acetate solution, . 


553 


iodide, syrup. . . 


800 


pyrites, .... 


512 


acetate tincture, . 


906 


iodide svrup, taste- 




pyrophosphate, 


509 


albuminate, 


5S6 


less, '. . . . 


839 


elixir, 


360 


alum 


510 


iodide, tasteless, . 


506 


quinine elixir, 361 


362 


ammonio- chloride 




lactate, . . . 


506 


quinine and ar- 




tincture, . 


949 


lactate of, elixir, . 


339 


senic elixir, . 


363 


ammonium citrate, 




lactate, syrup, 


840 


quin. and strych- 




solution, . . 


.571 


lacto-phosphate, . 


512 


nine elixir, 361 


363 



INDEX. 



124.5 



Iron pyrophosphate 




Isodulcit 


73 s 


Jelly, benzin, 


1 169 


solution, . . . 


578 


Isomethyl benzene, 


190 


glycerin, 


"47 


syrup, .... 


847 


Isonandro gutta. 


725 


Jersey tea. fl. ext., . 


473 


Quevenne's by hy- 




Issue plaster, 


393 


jockey club extract, 


"55 


drogen, . . . 


499 


Itch ointment, 


1 104 


sachet 


"59 


quinine citrate, 


502 


Ivory-black, . . . 


211 


Jonquil oil. 


654 


citrate elixir, 


317 


Ivy, American, fl. ext. 


473 


Johnswort, fl. ext., 


475 


citrate, solution, 


555 


Ivy, poison, fl. ext., 




Judas tree, fl. extract 


, 473 


citrate syrup, . 


834 


' 462 


487 


juglans cineria, fl. 




pepsin elixir, . 


354 






extract, . 465 


, 4S7 


phosphate syrup, 


847 


J 




extract, . . . 


447 


phosphorus and 






nigra, fl. extract., 


475 


strych. elixir. 


358 


Jaborandi, elixir, 


33S 


regia, fl. extract, . 


475 


strychnine citrate 


503 


extract, .... 


447 


Juice, alterative, 


1027 


strychnine elixir, 


357 


fluid extract, . 


472 


beef 


416 


strychnine syrup, 


S02 


infusion, 


538 


belladonna, 


775 


strychnine citrate 




oil 


652 


broom 


776 


elixir, . . . 


318 


tincture, . . . 


917 


chicory, . . . 


776 


strychnine citrate 




Jacaranda, caroba, 




dandelion, . 


776 


syrup, . 


S34 


fluid extract, 


475 


fruit 


776 


strychnine hypo- 




Jackson's cholera 




hemlock, . . . 


775 


phosphites syr. 


55- 


mixture, . 


628 


henbane, . . . 


775 


strychnine phos- 




cough mixture, . 


628 


juniper berries, . 


775 


phate syrup, . 


847 


cough syrup, . . 


628 


meat, .... 


416 


reduced, . 498 


499 


Jalapenseife, . . . 


74i 


Juices 


775 


saccharated carbon. 


500 


Jalap, abstract, . . 


48 


inspissated, 


442 


salicylate, . 


512 


extract, .... 


447 


Julep camphor, . 


1000 


sodium albuminate 




or Jalapa fl. ext., 


462 


Juniper berries, ext., 


775 


syrup, 


S40 


powder, compound 


717 


elixir, .... 


338 


sodium citrochlor- 




resin, .... 


723 


essence, 


412 


ide solution. 


570 


rhubarb, fl. ext., . 


4S3 


juice inspissated, . 


775 


solution, dialysed, 


272 


senna, fl. ext., 


483 


oil 


648 


strychnine citrate, 


503 


soap, .... 


741 


spirit, . . . . 


767 


strychnine citrate 




syrup, .... 


823 


spirit, compound, 


768 


elixir, 


318 


tincture, 


918 


syrup, .... 


823 


strych. citrate syr. , 


834 


wild, fl. ext., . . 


474 


tar, ... 64S 


694 


subcarbonate, . . 


5" 


Jalapin 


733 


tar ointment, . 


993 


subsulphate solution, 5 57 


Jamaica ginger es- 




tar soap, 


744 


succinate, . . . 


512 


sence, . 417, 


1073 


wood oil, . 


64S 


sulphate, 


509 


extract, . . 417, 


1073 


Juniperus communis, 


726 


sulphate dried, 


510 


extract, aromatic, 


1074 






sulphate precipit'd, 


5io 


fluid extract, . . 


417 






sulphide, . . . 


512 


rum, . . . . 


1188 


K 




sulpho-carbolate, 




rum, artificial, 


11S8 






.... 512 


782 


rum essence, . 


1 1 So. 


Kairina 


"9 


tannate, 


512 


James' powder, . 


714 


Kairine 


110 


tart rated, . 


504 


Japan black, . 


724 


elixir 


333 


tersulphate solution 


,558 


ink 


1173 


Kalium 


699 


tincture chloride, 


907 


lacquer, . . . 


182 


Kalmia, latifolia, fl. 




tastel* - 


570 


wax 


216 


extract, . . . 


475 


tonic, ... 


1 1 i.j 


Japanese camphor, . 


649 


Kamala, or kamccla. 




tonic bitters, . . 


1039 


menthol, 


64g 


11. extra. 1. . . 


l'-' 


troches, . . . 


902 


Jasmine oil, . 


654 


tincture, 


M- 


valerianate, . . 


5ii 


extract, triple, 


Us' 


Kaolin 


'." 


valerianate elixir, 


375 


yellow, tl. ext., 401 


,487 


Katbarion hair tonic, 


I083 


wine, . . 1001, 


IOIO 


yellow, tincture 


909 


Kava kava tl ext., 


462 


wine bitters, . . 


1040 


Jaundice bitti 


1042 


Keeper, cider, 


1 1 S3 


wire 


498 


Javelle's solution, 




KermeS, mineral, . 


160 


Iron wood, tl. ext , . 


475 


ter, . . s ( >" 


, 588 


Kerosene oil, 




Isinglass 


513 


oniadiaphylla, 




Kidney leaf, ll ext., 


4''- 


plaster 


387 


fluid extraet, . 


175 


root, tl. ext., . . 


465 


[sobutyl benzene, . 


190 


Jelly, arnica, . . . 


' ' 1: 


liver remedies 


I089 



1246 



INDEX. 



Kidney and liverwort 




Lactophosphate ol 




Laundry wax, 


1182 


tea, .... 


1092 


calcium with pep- 




Laurel, great, fluid 




Killer, corn, . 


1059 


sin elixir, 


341 


extract, . 


469 


pain 


1032 


calcium with pep- 




mountain, fluid 




Kino 


727 


sin syrup, 


S41 


extract, . . . 


475 


fluid extract, . . 


495 


calcium syrup, 84 


1, 797 


oil, expressed, 


638 


liquid extract, 


495 


iron syrup, 


841 


ointment, . 


992 


powder comp. , 


717 


lime elixir, . . . 


340 


Laurus nobilis, . 


638 


tincture, 


918 


lime syrup, . 79 


7,841 


fluid extract, 


469 


Kirkland's, cerate, . 


224 


magnanese syrup, 


841 


Lavender cologne or 




lotion, .... 


597 


Lactoph osphates 




water, . . . 


1158 


Kissengen water, 




compound solution, 574 


essence, 


413 


solution, . . . 


869 


compound syrup 


842 


for perfumes, . 


1152 


Kola nut, fl. ext., . 


469 


Lactose, . 


735 


or lavendula, fluid 




Koumiss, .... 


541 


Lactucarium elixir, 


342 


extract, . 


475 


Kousso, fl. ext., . 


459 


fluid extract, . 


478 


oil, ...... 


648 


infusion, . 534 


537 


syrup, . . . 


S06 


spirit, .... 


768 


Krameria, fl. ext., . 


472 


syrup Aubergier's 


806 


spirit compound, . 


919 


tincture, 


919 


tincture, 


946 


tincture, compound 


,919 


syrup, .... 


806 


Lactuca virosa, fluic 




Lavendula spica, 


654 


Ktimmel 


440 


extract, . 


475 


vera 


648 


essence, . . . 


440 


Lacquer, Japan, 


182 


Laville's gout mixt., 


629 






Lady's bedstraw, fl 




Laxative bitters, 


1042 






extract, . . . 


474 


Laxatives and cath- 




L 




Lady's slipper, fl. ex 


•, 4S7 


artics, .... 


1049 






Laevo-glucose, 


735 


Laxative, child's, . 


1050 


Labarraque's solution 


567 


Lcevulose, . .51 


5- 735 


cathartic elixir, 


313 


Label mucilage, . . 


1166 


Lait Virginal, 


1 149 


cordial 


1050 


varnish, 


1192 


Lamella', . 


542 


elixir, . . 341, 


1049 


Labdanum Ointment, 


993 


atropine, . 


542 


fruit lozenges, 


1052 


Labrador tea, fl. ext. 


469 


cocaine, 


542 


powder, 


716 


Lac, ... 541 


725 


physostigmince, 


542 


tea, . . . 758, 


1052 


dye, . . 725 


877 


Lanoleum, 


96S 


tropical fruit, . 


1052 


seed, .... 


725 


Lanolin, . . .75, 641 


Laxatives, fruit, 


259 


stick 


725 


Lanthropine, 


666 


Lazaric Acid, 


875 


sulphur, . . . 


779 


Lapis infernalis, 


174 


Lead, 


695 


Lactate of Bismuth, 


197 


Lappa (root anc 




acetate 


696 


iron, .... 


506 


seeds), fl. extract 


475 


arseniate, . 


698 


iron elixir, . 


339 


Larax Americana, 


730 


bichromate, 


698 


iron and pepsin, . 


339 


Larch, European, 


919 


binoxide, . 


699 


iron syrup, 


840 


tincture, 


91S 


bromide, 


698 


magnesium, 


602 


Lard, .... 


75 


carbonate, . . . 


696 


mercury, 


532 


benzoinated, . 7 


6, 973 


chloride, . . . 


698 


sodium, .... 


757 


oil, .... 


638 


chromate, . . . 


698 


zinc, 


102 1 


prepared, . 


75 


cyanide, . . . 


699 


Lactates 


542 


washed, . . 


75 


iodide, . . . . 


697 


Lactic Acid, . 56, 62 


542 


Large flowering 


nitrate 


697 


diluted, . . 56, 62 


spurge, fl. extract 


461 


ointment, comp., 


993 


Lactin, .... 


735 


spotted spurge, fl 




oleate 


658 


Lactopeptine, 


670 


extract, . 


'487 


oxide 


698 


bismuth elixir, 


340 


Larix Americana, fl 




oxides 


699 


bismuth and strych 




extract, . . 


475 


oxide semivitrous, 


698 


nine elixir, . 


340 


Europcea, . 


663 


plaster 


389 


elixir, .... 


339 


Larkspur seed, fluic 


1 


red oxide, . 


699 


liquid, .... 


563 


extract, . 


461 


saccharate, 


699 


solution, 


563 


oil. .... 


642 


subacetate glyceric 


- 519 


syrup 


842 


Laudanine, 


666 


liniment, 


545 


syrup, compound, 


842 


Laudanum, . 


925 


solution, 


563 


Lactophosph'ate of 




Sydenham's, . 


929 


solution diluted, 


564 


calcium elixir, . 


340 


Laudanosine, 


666 


sugar of, 


696 


calcium and iron 




Laughing gas. . 


635 


sulphate, 


699 


elixir, 


34o 


Laundry polish, 


uS2 


suppositories, com 


, 790 



1247 



Lead, tannate, . . 699 

water, . . . . 564. 

white, .... 696 

Leaf cup, fl. ext., 465, 488 

Leatherwood, fl. ext., 474 

Leaves 22 

Ledum palustre, fl. 

extract 469 

Le Doyen's disin- 
fectant solution, . 5S7 
Legumin, .... S4 
Leg wash, Fuller's, 597 
emonade hot, . . 867 
.-non essence, 413, 76S 
ess. for perfumes. 1152 

extract 413 

extract, soluble, . 422 
grass essence, . .1152 
grass oil, . . . 652 

oil 648 

peel confection, . 260' 
peel, fluid extract, 475 
phosphate syrup, 857 

pop 423 

salts of, ... 712 

spirit 768 

sugar of, . . .1194 
syrup, . S07, 850, 857 
syrup soda water, 423 
tincture, . . . 920 
yellow, . . . 69S 

yellow coloring, . 24S 
Leontodin, . . . 733 
Leonurus cardiaca, 

fluid extract, . . 475 
Leptandra elixir, . 342 

extract 448 

id extract, 472, 4S7 

cturc, . . . 948 

andrin, . . . 733 

uce extract, . . 44S 

' l heon, .... 79 

tuce, wild, fl. ext., 475 

ucoline, . . . 129 

■visticum, fl. ext., 462 

latris ordoratissima, 

fluid extract, 475 

spicata, fl. extract, 475 

squarrosa, fl. ext., 475 

Liebig'scorn collodion, 244 

Life everlasting, fl. 

extract 474 

T.ife root, fl. ext., 476,487 
Light magnesia, . 598 
Lightning, fluid, 
hair dye, . . .1079 
tooth-ache remedy, [121 
Lilac oil, .... 652 
Lily of the Valley, 

fluid extract, . 467 

extract II55 

oil 65a 



Lily, white pond, fl. 

extract, . . . 469 
white tablet, . .1136 
yellow pond, fl. ext., 469 

Lilies, cream of, . 1 133 

Limatura Mart is 
praeparata, . . . 499 

Lime, 208 

chloride, . . . 209 
chlorinated, . . 209 
chlorinated solution, 552 
essence, . . . 413 
fruit phosphate syr., 858 
fruit syrup, . . 858 
hydrate, . . . 208 
hypophosphite, . 207 
hypophosphite syr., 834 
iodide syrup, . . 838 
lactophosphate sol., 573 
lactophosphate 

syrup, . . 797, 841 
liniment, . . . 544 
phosphate, . . . 207 
phosphate solution, 574 
phosphate syrup, 844 
saccharated solu- 
tion, . . 552, 79S 
slacked, . . . 20S 
solution, . . 552 

sulphite, . . 210 

sulphurated, . . 209 
syrup, . . 798, 830 
water, . . . . 551 
water, stronger, . 397 

Limes, juice, . . . 777 
oil 649 

Limette oil, . . . 652 

Limonis cortex, fluid 

extract, .... 475 

Linden, fluid extract, 476 
oil, 652 

Lindera, fluid extract, 462 

Linimenta, . . . 543 

Liniment, aconite, . 543 
ammonia, . . . 543 
arnica, . . . .1092 
belladonna, . . 543 
camphor, . . 544 
crimp, ammoniated, 544 
1 .miphor compound, ^44 
cantharides, . . 544 
chloroform, . . 544 | 
1 :oi line. . . . 1093 
1 roton oil, . . . 544 
electric, . . . 1093 
gargling oil, . . tog6 
hyoscyamus, . ., 640 
Indian 1094 

of amnion.. It c ,7 

iodide of potassium 
with Boap, . . 545 

iodine 545 



Liniment, lime, . . 544 

menthol, . . . 1094 

mercury, . . . 545 

Mexican, . . . 1097 

mustard, comp., . 545 

nerve and bone, . 1097 

opium, .... 545 

polvform, . . . 1 194 

ready oil, . . . 1097 

rheumatic, . . . 109S 

soa P 545 

Stoke's, . . . 1 129 

subacetate of lead, 545 

thymol-chloral, . 1094 

turpentine, . . 546 
turp. and acetic acid, 546 

veterinary, . . . 109S 

volatile, . . . 543 

wizard 1095 

Liniments, . 543, 1092 

Linimentum aconiti, 543 

ammoniae, . . 543 

belladome, . . 543 

calcis, . . . . 544 

camphora?, . . 544 
camphora; ammo- 

niatum, . . . 544 
camphora com- 

positum, . . 544 
cantharides, 553, 544 

chloroformi, . . 544 

crotonis, . . . 544 

hydrargyri, . . 545 

lodl 545 

°P». 54? 

plumbi subacetatis, 545 
potasii iodidi cum, 

sapone, . . 545 

saponis, . . . 545 
sinapis compositum, 54? 

terebinthina 1 , . 546 
terebinthinse acet- 

icum, . . . 546 

Linseed, infusion, . 

mucilage, . . . 633 
oil, . . . . . 

Lip salve, . 22?, [150 

salves and cosmet- 
ics ti49 

salve, coral, . . iuu 
Lippia Mexicana, fl. 

extract, . . . 4(12 

Liquid acids, table, ?'> 

Liquidambar, . . [82 

fluid extract, , . 402 

syrup, ... - 

Liquid asphaltum, . 7.' 1 

blistering, . . . 

bluing [178 

bronzing, . . , 1179 

colored fires, . . 255 
osive, . 



1248 



INDEX. 



Liquid cosmetics, . 1132 

depilatory, . . .1141 

Dover's, . . . 950 

Dutch, ... So, 83 

enamel or pearl, . 1132 

extract aloes, . . 493 

aloes and myrrh, 494 

asafetida, . . 494 

Lael, .... 489 

benzoin, . . . 494 

benzoin comp., 494 

buckthorn, . . 47S 

cascara sagrada, 490 

catechu, . . . 495 

cimicifuga, . . 460 

cinchona, . . 477 

coca, .... 471 

dandelion, . . 479 

ergot, ... 477 

guaiac, . . . 495 

kino 495 

liquorice, . 491, 495 
male fern, . . 462 
malt, .... 605 
myrrh, . . . 495 
opium, . . 491, 496 
opium deodorized, 496 
Pareira, . . . 472 
sarsaparilla, . 478 
taraxacum, . . 479 

tolu 497 

paste blacking, . 11 79 
polishing, . . .1182 
silver polishing, . 118 1 
slating,blackboard, 1178 
extracts, . 453, 493 
glass, .... 567 
glue, . . 514, 1 165 
lactopeptine, . . 563 
opodildoc, . . 545 
pepsin, .... 563 
picra, .... 720 

pitch 694 

rennet, . . . .1127 
rouge, . 246, 876, 1 133 
shampoo, . . . 704 
Liquids, coloring, . 245 
fruit preserving, . 11 S3 
preserving, . . 11 S3 
shampoo, . . . 1144 
Liquor acidi arseniosi, 547 
acidi chromici, . 547 
acidi phosphorici 

comp., 577, 753, 1023 

aluminii acetici, . 547 

ammonie, . . . 548 

ammonia fortior, 54S 

ammonii acetatis, 548 

acetatis fortior, 54S 

anisatus, . . 549 

caustici, . . . 143 

citratis, . . . 549 



Liquor ammonii ci- 
tratis fortior, . 549 
anodynus martiatus, 908 
antimonii chloridi, 549 
arsenicalis, . . 550 
arsenici hydrochlo- 

ricus, . . . 547 
arsenii et hydrar- 

gyri iodidi, . . 550 
arsenitis potassii, 550 
atropine sulphatis, 551 
bismuth, . . . 551 
bismuthi et ammonii 

citratis, . . . 551 
calcii chloridi, . 551 

calcis 552 

calcis chlorinate, 552 
calcis saccharated, 798 
calcis saccharatus, 552 
chlori, . . 235, 552 
coloring, brown, . 245 
corrosivus, . . 553 
epispasticus, 243, 553 
ferri acetatis, . 553 
ferri acetatis fortior, 554 
ferri chloridi, . . 554 
ferri citratis, . . 555 
ferri dialysatus, 272, 554 
ferri nitratis, . . 556 
ferri oxy chlorati ,554,557 
ferri perchloridi, . 555 
ferri perchloridi 

fortior, . . . 555 
ferri pernitratis, . 556 
ferri persulphatis, 557 
ferri et quinine 

citratis, . . . 556 
ferri subsulphatis, 557 
ferri tersulphatis, 558 
gutta-percha, . . 55S 
hydrargyri nitratis, 558 
hydrargyri nitratis 

acidus, . . . 559 
hydrargyri perchlor- 
idi, .... 559 

iodi, 559 

iodi compositus, . 559 
kalii acetici, . . 560 
kalii arsenicosi, . 550 
kalii carbonici, . 560 
kalii caustici, . . 564 
Labarraque's, . 567 
lithie effervescens, 560 
magnesii carbonatis, 560 
magnesii citratis, 561 
morphinie acetatis, 561 
morphinie bime- 

conatis, . . . 562 
morphine hydro- 

chloratis, . . 562 
morphine sulphatis, 562 
natri caustici, . 566 



Liquor opii citratis, 589 

opii compositus, . 588 
opii hydrochloricus, 589 
opii sedativus, Batt- 

ley's 589 

of opium, . . . 589 

pancreo-pepsin, . 563 

plumbi subacetatis, 563 
plumbi subacetatis, 

dilutus, . . . 564 
potasse, . . . 564 
potasse efferves- 
cens 565 

potassii arsenitis, 565 

potassii citratis, . 565 
potassii parman- 

ganatis, . . . 566 

sode, .... 566 

sodae chlorate, . 566 

sode chlorinate, 566 

sodii arseniatis, . 567 

sodii ethylatis, . 567 

sodii silicatis, . 567 

strychnine, . . 568 
strychnine, hydro- 

chloratis, . . 568 

zinci chloridi, . 568 

Liquores, .... 546 

and cordials, . . 1192 

spiritous, . . . 1187 

to clarify, . . . 1 191 

to filter, . . .1191 

Liquorice, elixir, . 342 

elixir compound, 343 

extract, . . . 776 

fluid ext., . . 495 

liquid, . 491, 495 

pure, . . . 446 

purified, . . 776 

syrup, . . . 825 

fluid extract, . .471 

fluid ext., aqueous, 491 

fluid ext., comp., 483 ■ 

mucilage, . . . 633 

powder, comp., . 716 

and opium troches, 963 

root, syrup, 808, S22 

syrup, compound, 827 

Liriodendron, fl. ext. 462 

Listerine, . . . 112S 

Litharge 698 

Litharge plaster, . 3S9 
Lithia, solution effer- 
vescing, . . . 560 

water 560 

Lithic acid, . . . 994 

Lithii benzoas, . . 593 

bromidum, . . 593 

carbonas, . . . 594 

citras 594 

salicylas, . . . 595 

Lithium, .... 592 



INDEX. 



1249 



Lithium benzoate, 


593 


Lotion, Granville's 




Magendie's morphine 


borocitrate, 


595 


stronger, 


597 


solution, . 


562 


bromide, 


593 


Gowland's, 


597 


tinct. of strychnine, 951 


carbonate, . 


594 


hair, .... 


1084 


Magenta, . . . 


154 


chloride, 


595 


hemorrhoidal, . 


597 


Magic corn salve, 


IO60 


citrate, . . . 


594 


Kirkland's, 


597 


balm, . . . 


IO32 


citrate, effervescing, 596 


moth and freckle 




Magnesia, . . 


598 


citrate, elixir, 


318 


• ••• 597 


, 1148 


and asafetidamix 


t. 625 


diborocitrate, . 


595 


myrrh, . 


597 


calcined, 


598 


iodide, . . . 


595 


myrrh, comp., 


597 


calcined, heavy, 


599 


nitrate, 


595 


Palmer's, . . 


598 


fluid, . . . 


560 


oxide, . 


595 


pimple, . . 


114S 


heavy, . 


599 


phosphate, 


595 


sulphur, . . 


"93 


Henry's, 


599 


salicylate, . 


595 


Lotions, . . 596 


,1148 


Husband's, 


599 


sulphate, 


596 


hair, 


ii43 


levis, 


598 


Litmus, 


876 


Lovage, fl. ext., 


462 


light, . . . 


598 


blue, . . . 


24S 


oil 


652 


milk of, 


600 


paper bhie, 


232 


Lozenges, 


S71 


ponderosa, 


599 


paper red, . . 


232 


cathartic, . . 


259 


and rhubarb pow 


i. 719 


solution, 


231 


compound, 


872 


troches, 


964 


Little Giant liver 


cough, . 


106S 


Magnesian aperient 


869 


pills, . . . 


1051 


dyspepsia, . 


1072 


Magnesii carbonas, 


599 


Liver bitters, Ger 




fruit, laxative, 


1052 


carbonas levis, 


599 


man, . . 


104 1 


worm, . 


1 1 24 


carbonas ponder 




and kidney reme 




Lubricating oils, 


654 


osa, . . . 


599 


dies, . 


1089 


Lugol's solution, 


559 


citras granulatus, 


600 


pills, cathartic, 


105 1 


caustic solution 


f 


sulphas, 


601 


of sulphur, 


701 


iodine, 


588 


sulphis, . . 


60 r 


Liverwort, fl. ext. , 


475 


rubefacient solu 




Magnesium, . 


598 


tea 


1002 


tion of iodine, 


588 


acetate, . . 


602; 


Lobelia, fluid extract, 


Luminous paste, for 


aperient, 


603, 


. . . 462, 472, 487 


rats, etc., 


1171 


bromide, 


602: 


fl. ext., acetic, 


488 


Lunar caustic, 


147 


carbonate, . 


■ 599- 


fl. ext., comp., 


483 


Lung balsam, . 


1067 


carbonate, heavy 


, 599- 


oil 


652 


Lungwort, fl. ext., 


476 


carbonate, solutio 


n, 560 


seed, fl. ext, . 


472 


Lupus metallorum, 


155 


chloride, . . 


. 602 


syrup, . . . 


823 


Lupulin, . . . 


733 


citrate, . . . 


602 


tincture, . . 


921 


elixir, 


343 


citrate, granulate 


J, 600 


tincture, comp., 


95O 


fl. extract, . 


460 


citr. solution, 51 


1 , 869 


tinct., etherial, 92 


I, 952 


oleoresin, . 


66 r 


citrate solution, pt 


sr- 


and capsicum, tin 


c- 


tincture, . . 


921 


manent, . 


. 561 


ture, comp., 


95t> 


Lupuline ointment, 


992 


iodide, . 


602 


vinegar, . . 


53 


Lycopin, . . . 


733 


lactate, . 


602 


Lobelin, . 


733 


Lycopus virginicus 




light, . , . 


598 


anaesthetic, 


1194 


fl. extract, 47 


5, 4S7 


oxide, 


598 


Locatelle's balsam, 


1035 


Europseus, fl. ext. 


475 


phosphate, . 


602 


t, fl. ext., . 


469 






sulphate, 


(ml 


iod, fl. ext., 


474 


M 




sulphate, dried, 


603 


extract, . . 44 


7. 877 






sulphite, 


DO] 


London cordial gin 


119] 


Mace, essence, . 


4' 3 


tartrate, . . 


603 


dock gin, . . 


1191 


fl. extract, 


46a 


Magnetic balm, . 


[032 


Lotio, flava, . . 




oil 


649 


de of iron, . 




ni^ra, 


596 


syrup, . . . 


858 


oxide manganese 


615 


hydrargyri flava, 


596 


Maceration, . 


33 


Magnolia, fl. ext., 


4''- 


hydrargyri nigra, 




Mac rutin, 


733 


Maiden hair fern, ll 




. . 


596 


Macrotys racemosa 




extract, . 


473 


Lotion anti-freckle, 


1 148 


11. ext, . . . 


460 


syrup, . . . 


32a 


Bateman's, 


579 


Madder, compound 


593 


M.jc fern, fl. ext., 


l6l 


chilblain, . . 


[ODD 


fl, extract, . . 


476 


fern, oleoresin, 


66] 


I.i' e, . . . 


1 1 |- 


mordant, 


711 


Mallow, common, tl 




glycerin, 


II49 


red 


875 


extract, . . 


475 


( iranville's, milde 


r. 597 




>!• 559 


Malt 





1250 



INDEX. 



Malt bitters, . . . 


6ll 


Malt tonic syrup, . 


85S 


Mansa yerba, or 




cordial, .... 


613 


whisky, 


1 190 


herba, fl. ext., . 


465 


elixir, .... 


344 


wine 


613 


Manzanita, fl. ext., 


469 


elixir and gentian 




wine cordial, . 


613 


Maple syrup, 


858 


with tincture of 




Maltese orange syr. , 


860 


Map varnish, 


"93 


iron 


608 


Maltine 


605 


Maranta, .... 


153 


elixirs, other, . . 


344 


Malting 


603 


Margarin, . . . 


037 


Malt extract, . 448, 604 


Malto, 


866 


Marigold, fl. ext., . 


468 


with alteratives, . 


607 


syrup 


866 


tincture, . . . 


891 


beef and iron, . 


607 


Maltose, . . 515 


, 735 


Marine glue, 


1165 


cascara sagrada, . 


611 


Maltum, .... 


603 


soap, .... 


742 


citrate of iron, 


608 


or malt, fl. extract 


475 


Marjoram oil, 


652 


citrate of iron and 




Malva sylvertris, fl. 




wild, fl. ext., . . 


469 


quinine, . 


6c 9 


extract, . 


475 


sweet, fl. ext., 


475 


citrate of iron, qui- 




Manaca, .... 


469 


Marjorana, fl. ext., 


475 


nine and strych., 


609 


Mancona bark, fluid 




Marking ink, . . . 


1 1 76 


cod liver oil, . 


607 


extract, .... 


465 


for cotton, . . . 


1176 


and dialysed iron 


607 


Mandrake bitters, . 


1042 


in cakes, 


1 1 76 


and hypophosp., 


608 


elixir, .... 


345 


Maroon ink, . 


"73 


and iodide of iron, 607 


elixir, compound, 


345 


Marrubium, fl. ext., 


475 


and pancreatin, 


607 


extract 


449 


oil 


652 


and pepsin, . 


607 


fluid extract, . 


464 


syrup 


823 


pepsin and pan- 




fl. extract, comp., 


484 


syrup, compound, 


828 


creatin, 


608 


Manganates, . 613 


,615 


Marshall's cerate, . 


225 


phosphates, 


608 


Manganese, . 


613 


Marsh Mallow, 




phosphorus, 


608 


acetate, 


615 


cream, . . . 


1134 


phosphorus, iron 




arseniate, . 


615 


fl. extract, . 


j 


and nux vomica,6o8 


benzoate, . 


615 


mucilage, . 




dialysed iron, . 


608 


black oxide, . . 


614 


root, fluid extract 




hops, .... 


606 


carbonate, . 


615 


rosemary, fl. ex 




hyphosphites, . 


609 


chloride, 


615 


tea oil, . . 


653 


iodide of iron, 


608 


citrate, .... 


615 


Marunta cotr' • 




iron, 


608 


dioxide, 


614 


extract, 




lactopeptine, . 


609 


hypophosphite, . 


615 


Mary Stewart 




lactophosphates, . 


609 


hypophosphite sol. 


572 


fume, 


j 


liquid, .... 


605 


hypophosphite syr. 


836 


Mass blue, 


,16 


pepsin, .... 


610 


iodide, .... 


615 


carbonate of iron, 


616 


pepsin and bismuth 


610 


iodide syrup, . . 


839 


copaiba, 


616 


pepsin, bismuth 




lactophosphate sol. 


574 


mercury, . . . 


616 


and strychnine, 


610 


lactophosphate syr. 


,841 


Vallet's, . . . 


616 


pepsin and iron, . 


610 


oleate, .... 


658 


Massa copaibse, . 


616 


pep. and pacreatin, 


610 


oxides, .... 


615 


ferri carbonatis, . 


616 


peptones, . 


610 


phosphate, . 


615 


hydrargyri, 


617 


phosphate of iron, 


608 


phosphate solution 


576 


Massse, .... 


616 


phosphate of iron, 




phosphate syrup, . 


844 


Masses, .... 


616 


and quinine, 


609 


phosp. syr., comp. 


845 


Masterwort, fluid ex- 




phosphate of iron, 




sulphate, . 


614 


tract, . . 462 


, 475 


quin. and strych. 


609 


tartrate, 


615 


oil 


653 


phosphates, 


611 


Mangani sulphas, . 


614 


Mastic 


726 


tincture of iron, . 


608 


oxidum nigrum, . 


614 


spirit, compound, 


772 


tonic, .... 


612 


Manganic acid, . 


615 


tincture, 


948 


viburnium, 


611 


Mangifera indica, fl. 




varnish, 


"93 


wafer ash, . 


611 


extract, . 


475 


Matricaria, fl. extract 


,469 


yerba santa, 


611 


Mango, fl. ext., . . 


475 


oil, . . . . . 


653 


Malt-hop phosphate 




Mangostana, fl. ext. 


475 


Matico elixir, comp.. 


345 


syrup, 


858 


Mangosteen, fl. ext. 


475 


fluid extract, . 


467 


Malt with hypophos- 




oil 


642 


fl. extract comp., 


484 


phites elixir, 


344 


Manicure powder, . 


1150 


infusion, 


538 


iron elixir, . 


344 


Manicure salve, . 


1150 


oil, 


653 


soothing syrup, . 


i"5 


Manna syrup, . . 


808 


tincture, . . 922 


948 


tar cough syrup, . 


612 


Mannit 


735 


Mattenheimer's dis- 




tonic, .... 


612 


Mannitose, 


515 


infecting solution 


,587 



INDEX. 



1251 



Mauvine, . 


155 


Menthol vapor, . 


996 


Mercury sulphide, red 


. 531 


May apple elixir, 


345 


Menyanthes, fl. ext 


475 


weed, fluid extract 


465 


fluid extract, . 


464 


Mercurial lotion, bl' 


c. 596 


with chalk, . . 


524 


May weed, fl. extract, 475 


yellow, . 


596 


Mesquit gum. 


727 


Mayer's ointment, 


993 


Mercurial ointment 


978 


Metaboric acid, . 


198 


McMunn's elixir of 


plaster, 


386 


Metal bell, . . . 


264 


opium, . 


347 


soap, . . . 


744 


cement, 


1 164 


Mead, . . . 


423 


suppositories, 


789 


fusible 


191 


excelsior, 


424 


Mercurialis annua, fl 




gun, .... 


264 


extract excelsior, 


423 


extract, . . 


465 


polish 


Il82 


soluble extract, 


423 


Mercuric-ammoniun 


1 


Metals, oleates, . . 


657 


syrup, . . . 


423 


chloride, 


524 


Metaphosphoric acid, 


674 


syrup, excelsior, 


424 


bromide, . . 


531 


Methyl, . . .85 


619 


Meadow sweet oil, 


736 


chloride, . . 


526 


alcohol, . 85, 86, 95 


Measures seidlitz, 


716 


cyanide, 


526 


benzene, . . . 


190 


Meat extract, 


416 


iodide, . 


527 


conine, 


"5 


juice, . . . 


416 


nitrate solution, 


558 


hydrate, . . 


95 


Mecca balsam, . 


1S2 


oleate with morph 


• 659 


salicilate, . . 620 


648 


factitious, . . 


183 


oleate precipitatec 


, 659 


salts, .... 


620 


Meconate of morphine, 122 


oxide, red, 


529 


Methylated spirit, . 


St, 


Meconic acid, 


666 


oxide, yellow, 


528 


Methylic alcohol, 


95 


Meconidina, . 


122 


salts, . . . 


524 


Methysticum, fl. ext. 


462 


Meconidine, . . 122, 666 


sulphate, . . 


529 


Metz balsam, 


185 


Meconin, . 


666 


sulphate, basic, 


53o 


Mexican liniment, . 


1097 


Meconoisin, . 


666 


Mercurious bromide 


. 531 


Meyer's reagent for 




Medical discovery, 


1112 


chloride, 


525 


alkaloids, 


582 


Medicated globules 


iodide, . 


527 


test solution, . . 


582 


or pellets, . 


957 


salts, . . . 


524 


Mezereonext. etheria 


,448 


Medicinal pearls, 


5H 


Mercury, . 


523 


Mezereum extract, . 


44S 


soap, 


742 


acetate, 


53i 


fluid extract, . 


460 


Medicines, propriet'\ 


, 1022 


ammoniated, . 


524 


ointment, . . . 


983 


Melalenca cajuputi, 


646 


arseniate, . . 


531 


Micromeria, fl. ext., 


462 


Mel despumatum. 


618 


bichloride, 


526 


Mikania guaco, fl. ext 


■ 475 


boracis, . 


618 


binioJide, . 


527 


Milk 


541 


depuratum, 


618 


bromide, 


53i 


almond, 260, 408, 


114.S 


rosre, . . 


61S 


carbonate, . 


53i 


condensed, 


54i 


Melezitose, 


735 


chromate, . 


532 


magnesia, . 


600 


Melilotus, or melilot 




chlorate, 


532 


punch shake, . . 


865 


fl. extract, 


475 


green iodide, . 


527 


punch syrup. 


856 


Melissa, fl. ext., 


475 


herb, 11. extract, 


465 


of roses, 


1140 


oil 


653 


lactate, . 


532 


shake 


865 


Melita, . . 


618 


liniment, 


545 


sugar, . . .541 


735 


Melitose, . 


735 


magnesia, . 


525 


sulphur, 


77o 


Melon, essence or 


mass, 


617 


Mindereras spirit, . 




extract, . . 


430 


mild chloride, . 


525 


Mineral alkali, . 


98 


seed oil, . . 


642 


nitrate 


532 


drugs 


17 


Mcnispermin, 


733 


nitrate solution, 


558 


oils, 




Menhaden oil, 


642 


nitrate solution, ac 


id.ssg 


pitch 


724 


Menispermum, fl. ex 


. U5£ 


ointment, cemp., 


979 


turpeth, . . . 


53o 


Menstruum, elixir 




oleate, . 




waters 


868 


percolating, 


277 


oxide, red, . 


529 


wax 


_• 1 ' . 


Mentha, arvensis, 


649 


oxide, yellow, . 


523 


Minium 


699 


piperita, fl, ext., 


475 


perchloride, 


5 26 


Mistletoe, fl. extract, 


476 


viridis, tl. ext., 


175 


perchloride sol., 




American, fl. ext., 


475 


Menthol, . . . 


64a 


persulphate, 




Mistura ammoniaci, 




cones, . 


649 


phosphate, . 




amygdalae, . . . 


621 


inhalant. 


[08l 


protiodide, . . 


527 


asafcetidce, . 


' 21 


Tapani «, . . 


649 


ted iodide, . 


527 


chloroformi, . . 


621 


liniment, 


tOQ4 


red Bulphide, . 




"li. ■ ■ . 


022 


ointment, . 


IP., 


Bubchloride, , 


525 





623 


pip 




Bubsulphate, yello 




ferri el ammonii 




toothache cure, 


[iai 


sulphate, 




.... 


62 ( 



1252 



INDEX. 



Mistura ferri aromatica 623 
ferri composita, . 623 
glycyrrhizae com- 
posita, . . . 624 
guaiaci, . . . 625 
magnesii, et asafce- 

tida, .... 625 
oleoso-balsamica, . 628 
potasii citratis, . 626 
rhei et sodre, . . 626 
scammonii, . . 626 
senna; composita, 627 
spiritus, vinigallici, 627 

Mistura; 620 

Mit'chella compound, 

"fl. extract, . . 484 
fl. extract, . . . 475 
syrup, compound, 828 

Mithndate, . 257, 875. 

Mixture acetate iron 

and ammonium, 624 

ague 1025 

almond, . . . 621 
ammoniac, . . . 620 
anti-epiieptic, . . 628 
asafetida, . . . 621 
asthma, Fothergill's, 628 
balsamic, Hoffm'n's, 628 
Basham's, . . . 624 
brown, .... 624 
brown, improved, 625 
camphor, Hope's, 628 
carminative, Paris', 628 
chalk, .... 622 
chalk Richard's, . 628 
chloroform, . . 621 
choiera, . 1054, 1055 
cholera, Jackson's, 628 
cholera, Sparkman's,628 
cholera, Sun, . . 629 
citrate of potassium, 626 
cod liver oil, with 

hypopnosphites, 405 
cod liver oil with 

phosphates, . . 405 
copjiDa alkaline, . 629 
copiiDa, Chapman's, 629 
copaiDa santal and 

cuDeb, . . . 629 
cough, .... 1065 
cough, Jackson's, 62S 
cough, Pancoast's, 629 
creasote, . . . 622 
diarrhcea, . . . 951 
diarrhcea, Gould's, 629 
diarrhoea, Squibb's, 629 
diarrhcea, Velpean's,629 
French brandy, . 627 
glycyrrhiza, comp., 624 
gout, Laville's, . 629 

Griffith's 623 

guaiacum, . . . 626 



Mixture iron aromatic 


623 


Morphine powder, 




iron compound, . 


623 


compound, . 


718 


iron and conium, 




solution, Magendie's,562 


Tully's, . . . 


629 


sulphate, . . . 


121 


mag. and asafetida, 


625 


sulphate solution, 


562 


neutral, .... 


626 


suppositories, . 


789 


potassium citrate, 


626 


suppositories, with 




rhubarb and soda, 


626 


soap, 


790 


scarnmony, 


626 


sy^P 


843 


seidlitz, .... 


716 


tartrate, . . . 


122 


senna, compound. 


627 


valerianate, 


122 


spleen, Gadberry's, 


630 


valerianate elixir, . 


375 


terebene cough, . 


1067 


Morphium, 


119 


Townsend's, . 


630 


Morus nigra, fl. ext., 


475 


Mixtures, . . . 


620 


Mosquito or black fly 




Modeling wax, . 


216 


preventive, . 


1171 


Molybdate of ammo- 




Moth and freckle lo- 




nium, 


149 


tion, . . 597, 


1 148 


Monamides, . 


142 


Mother tinctures, 


953 


Monamines, . 


M3 


Mother's cordial, 828, 


1078 


Monarda fistulosa, fl. 




Motherwort, fl. ext., 


475 


extract, . 


469 


Mouth waters, 


1 140 


punctata, fl. extract 


469 


Mouth wat'r, salicylic 


1 140 


Monesia, fluid extract 


468 


violet 


1 140 


tincture, . . . 


947 


Mrs. Allen's hair re- 




Monkshood, fl. ext., 


468 


storer, 


1083 


Monobromated cam- 




Mucilage of acacia, 


631 


phor, .... 


727 


casein, .... 


1 166 


Mononitro-cellulin, . 


722 


of cydonium, . 


631 


Monotropa uniflora, 




dextrin, . 271, 


1 166 


fluid extract, 


469 


of elm 


633 


Monoxide of nitrogen, 635 


of fenugreek, . . 


633 


Monsell's disinfect- 




label 


1166 


ing solution, 


5S7 


of linseed, . 


633 


salt 


512 


of liquorice, 


633 


solution, 


557 


of marsh mallow, 


033 


Mordants, tin, . . 


774 


of quince, . . . 


631 


Morphia 


119 


of salep, . . . 


632 


acetate, .... 


120 


of sassafras pith, . 


632 


muriate. 


121 


of starch, . 


631 


sulphate, 


121 


syrup acacia, . . 


396 


Morphina, 


119 


stamp, .... 


1166 


Morphinae acetas, . 


120 


tin and metal, 


1 166 


hydrochloras, . . 


121 


of tragacanthae, . 


632 


sulphas, 


121 


Mucilages, . 630, 


1166 


Morphine, . 119 


666 


Mucilagines, 


630 


acetate 


120 


Mucilago acacia. 


630 


acetate solution, . 


56i 


amyli, .... 


6 3 r 


bimeconate, 


122 


cyd'onii, . . . 


631 


bimeconate solution 


, 562 


salep, .... 


632 


bromide, 


122 


sassafras medullar, 


632 


bromide syrup, 


831 


tragacanthae, . 


632 


elixir, .... 


346 


ulmi, .... 


633 


hydriodate, . . 


122 


Mugwort, fl. ext., . 


468 


hydrobromate, 


122 


syrup compound, 


826 


hydrochlorate, 


121 


Mulberry, fl. ext., . 


475 


hydrochlorate sol. , 


562 


syrup, 809, 850, 


858 


ipecac troches, 


964 


Mullein, fl. ext., . . 


476 


lozenges, 


964 


Muriatic acid, 56, 60, 236 


meconate, . 


122 


diluted, . . 56, 60 


nitrate, .... 


122 


Muriate of ammonium 




oleate, .... 


657 


elixir, 


3U 



INDEX. 



1253 



Muriate of ammo- 




Nankeen, .... 


S76 


Nickel oleate, 


659 


nium syrup, 


843 


Naphtha, . . . 189 


671 


oxides 


634 


iron elixir, tasteless, 


314 


wood, ... 95 


772 


plating solution, 


590 


iron tincture, . . 


907 


Naphthaline, . 


694 


silver, . 


264 


of tin solution, . 


592 


Naphthalin ointment, 


992 


sulphate, . . 


634 


Mutterpflaster, . . 


3S6 


Naples soft soap, . 


743 


Night blooming cere 




Musk cologne, . 


1158 


Narceia, .... 


122 


us extract, . 


1 J 5 5 


extract, .... 


"55 


Narceine, . . .122 


666 


cereus, fl. ext., 46 


I] 4" 7 


ext. for perfumes, 


"53 


Narcotine, . . . 


666 


cereus tincture. 


949 


oil, ... . . 


654 


Nasal suppositories, 


789 


Niker seed oil, . 


642 


root, elixir, 


371 


Natrium, .... 


746 


Nitrate of aconitine 


104 


elixir, comp. 


371 


aceticum, . 


747 


aluminium. 


140 


extract for perf . , 


"53 


benzoicum, 


747 


ammonium, 


M7 


fluid extract, . 


462 


bicarbonicum, 


748 


amyl, . . . 


151 


seed ext. for perf., 


11-:} 


nitricum, 


752 


barium, . 


1S8 


seed tincture, . . 


947 


phosphoricum, 


753 


bismuth, 


x 97 


tincture, 


Q22 

413 


Neatsfoot oil, . . 
Nectandra, fl. extract 


641 

. 4<'5 


cadmium, . 


203 


Mustard essence, 


cerium, . 


226 


liniment, comp., . 


545 


Nectar essence or ext 


•,43i 


copper, . 


265 


oil, artificial, . . 


134 


syrup 


859 


iron, .... 


512 


expressed, . . 


640 


Negrosine, 


155 


lead, . . . 


697 


volatile, . . . 


650 


Nepeta cataria, fluid 




lithium, . 


595 


paper 


229 


extract, . 


473 


mercury, . . 


532 


plaster 


393 


Nephritic compound, 


1091 


mercury ointment 


9S0 


plasters spread, . 


393 


Neroli essence, . 


1152 


mercury ointmen 




spirit 


771 


Nerve and bone lin., 


1097 


diluted, . 


9S1 


Moulds electrotyping 


161 


food, " Moxie," . 


866 


morphine, . 


122 


Mountain balm oil, . 


653 


foods and tonics,. 


866 


potassium, . . 


?- 


laurel, fl. ext.. 


475 


Nervensalbe, 


9S7 


potassium, paper 


228 


mint, fl. ext., . . 


469 


Nervine, American, 




sanguinarine, . 


1 31 1 


sage, fl. ext., . . 


468 


fluid extract, . 


460 


silver, . . . 


173 


Moustache wax, 


"45 


balsam 


994 


diluted, . . 


174 


" Muxie " nerve food 


866 


elixir, .... 


1099 


fused, 


174 


Mycose, .... 


735 


ointment, . 


994 


mitigated, . 


174 


Myrbane, . . . 


190 


sedative elixir, 


1 100 


moulded, 


474 


oil 


645 


tonic 


[099 


and potassium. 


174 


Myrcia acris, . . 


649 


Nervines 


109S 


toughened, . 


175 


Myrciae, tl. ext., 


462 


Neroli oil, 


646 


sodium, 


757 


gale, fl. ext., . . 


475 


Nesbit's specific. 


629 


strontium, . . 


774 


Myrcia, spirit, . . 


770 


Nessler's reagant, . 


583 


urea, . . . 


994 


Myricin, . . 214 


, 733 


Nettle, fluid extract, 


476 


Nitrates, . 63 




Myristioe adeps. 


639 


Neutral mixture. 


626 


Nitre 




Myristica, fragrans, 




phos. of calcium, 


753 


sal 


708 


il extract, . . . 


4O2 


principles, . 


515 


Spirit, sweet, . 


7'"' 


Myrtle wax, . . . 


215 


sodium sulphite, . 


755 


Nitric acid. 


2,636 


Myrtus checan, fl. ext 


,4'") 


spirit 


88 


diluted, . . 




Mvrrha 


7?9 


Neutral'g cordial, 31 1 


fuming, . 




Myrrh, . . . 


729 


elixir, .... 


366 


anhydride, . . 




and capsicum tinct. 


951 


New England Rum, 


1188 


oxide, 




fluid extract, 


495 


artificial, . . . 


1188 


peroxide, . 




liquid extract, . 


4<;5 


New-York Sun chol- 




Nitrification, . 




lotion 


597 


era mixture, 


[05 1 


Nitrite of ammoniui 




lotion, compound, 


597 


\i^ colum, 


633 


amyl, 


i = i 


Mil 




Nickel 


633 


amyl, pearls, . 




tincture, 


923 


acetate 


634 


amyl, vapor. . 








bromide, 




potassium, . 


7" 






carbonate, , . . 




Nitrites, . . (, 




N 




chloride, . . . 




Nitrobenzol, 








cyanide. 


634 


Nitrogen, . 


634 


1 . . . 


1 1:.. 


double chlorides, . 




acids, 




or manicure powd'r 


[I50 


double sulphates, . 




monoxide, . 




or manicure salve. 


1 


hydrate, 




oxides, . 


• 635 



1254 



Nitrogen pentoxide, 635 


Odors of flowers, . 1154 


Oil cedrat, . . . 


652 


peroxide, . . . 635 


(Enanthyl. 


. . s 5 


celery, . . . . 


652 


trioxide, . . . 635 


Oenothera bie 


inis.475,487 


chamomile, 


646 


Nitrogenium, . . 634 


Oil acoustic, . 


• • 653 


chaulmoogra, . 


642 


Nitroglycerin, . 516, 636 


allspice, 


■ • 649 


chenopodium, . 


647 


tablets 871 


almond bitter, . 645 


cherry laurel, . 


652 


Nitrogenized iron, . 840 


almond expressed, 63S 


chickerberry, . 


648 


medicines, ... S4 


amber, . 


. . 650 


cinnamon, . 


647 


oils, 643 


ambergris, . 


• • 654 


citronella, . . 


652 


Nitro-hydroc h 1 r i c 


angelica, 


• • 652 


cloves, , 


647 


acid, ... 56, 63 


angleworm, 


. . 641 


coal, .... 


654 


acid, diluted, . 56, 63 


angostura, . 


. . 652 


cocoanut, . . 63 


S 642 


Nitro-muriatic acid, 63 


aniline, 


• 150, 154 


cod liver, . . 


638 


acid, diluted, . . 63 


animal, . 


. . 641 


cognac, . 


652 


Nitroso-nitric acid, . 636 


anise, 


. . 646 


colocynth, . 


640 


Nitrous acid, . . . 636 


apple, . 


. . 151 


conium, . 


640 


anhydride, . . . 635 


arnica, . 


. . 652 


copaiba, 


647 


ether, . . 78, 80, 761 


asa-fetida, 


. . 652 


coriander, . 


647 


ether, concentrated, 


balm mint, 


. . -652 


coto, . . . 


652 


80, 761 


balsam fir, . 


.652, 663 


cotton seed, 


638 


ether spirit, . . 760 


bay, . . 


• • 649 


cress, . . 


652 


oxide, .... 635 


bayberry, 


. . 642 


eroton, . 


640 


Nonyl 85 


beading, 


. . 1190 


croton liniment, 


544 


alcohol, .... 85 


bear's, . 


. . 641 


crude, . 


671 


Norwood's tincture, 


beechnut, 


. . 662 


cubeb, . 


647 


veratrum viride, 944 


behn, 


. . 642 


cucumber seed, 


642 


Nuphar, ad vena, fl.ext. 469 


belladonna, 


. . 640 


cumin, . 


652 


Nut oils, .... 642 


benne, . 


• • 639 


curacoa, 


646 


Nutgall fl. ext., . . 474 


benzoin, 


• • 654 


cuscus, . . . 


652 


ointment 977 


bergamot, 


. . 646 


cyna, 


652 


opium ointment, . 977 


birch, 


. . 652 


dahlia, . 


652 


Nutritive soothing 


birch tar, 


. 652, 649 


dead, 


694 


syrup, . . .1114 


bitter almor 


ids, . 645 


digitalis, 


640 


Nutmeg butter, . . 639 


artificial, 


. . 190 


dill 


645 


essence, . . 413, 770 


bitter orang 


e, . . 646 


dugong, 


642 


fluid extract, . . 462 


black peppe 


r, . . 661 


elder, ... 64 


0, 652 


oil, 649 


bone, 


. 2ii, 641 


electric, . . 


1006 


oil, expressed, . 639 


british, . 


• • 653 


elemi, 


652 


spirit, .... 770 


buchu, . 


. • 652 


ergot, 


642 


syrup, .... 858 


burgundy p 


itch, . 652 


erigeron, 


647 


Nuts, 22 


cade, 


. . 648 


etherial, 


82 


Nux vomica, abstract, 48 


cajuput, 


. . 646 


eucalyptus, 


648 


elixir, .... 346 


calamus, 


. . 646 


eulachon, . 


642 


extract 448 


camphor, 


. . 652 


fennel, . 


648 


fluid extract, . . 464 


camphorate 


i, • • 544 


feverfew, • . 


652 


tincture, . . . 923 


Canada sna 


ce root, 652 


fir- wood, or fir- wo 


01,650 


tincture etherial, . 952 


candle-nut, 


. . 642 


flaxseed, 


638 


Nymphssa odorata, 


canella, . 


. • 652 


■ fleabane, . . 


647 


fluid extract, . 469 


cantharides 


. 640 


fousel, . . 86, 9 


5. 150 




capsicum, 


. 640, 652 


fusel, . . 86, 9 


5. 150 




caraway, 


• • 647 


galangal, 


652 





caraway chz 


ff, . 647 


gargling, . . 


1096 




caraway see 


d, . . 647 


garlic, . 


652 


Oak poison, fl. ext., 462 


carbon, . 


654, 671 


garlic, artificial, 


134 


Oak white, fl. ext., . 476 


cardamom, 


. 642, 652 


garlic, volatile, 


134 


Oats, common, fl.ext., 461 


carrot, . 


. . 652 


geranium rose, 


652 


concentrated tinct., 1129 


cascarilla, 


. • 652 


ginger, . . . 


652 


Obstetrical ointment, 994 


cassia, . 


• • 647 


ginger grass, . 


652 


Ocean spray perfume ,1155 


castor, . 


• • 639 


golden rod, 


652 


Octyl 85 


catmint, 


. . 652 


goose, . . . 


641 


alcohol, .... 35 


cedar, . 


. . 652 


green, . . . 


640 


Odontine toothpaste, 1138 


cedarwood, 


. . 652 


ground-nut, 


662 



INDEX. 



1255 



Oil gurjun balsam, . 


652 


Oil myrrh, 


653 


Oil spike, . . 


• 654 


Haarlem, . 


654 


myrbane, . 


645 


spike lavender 


• 653 


hazel nut, . 


662 


neatsfoot, . 


641 


spiritous, . 


• 645 


hedge garlic, . 


652 


neroli, . 


646 


spruce, . . 


• 653 


heliotrope, . 


652 


neroli, bigarade, 


646 


stillingia, . 


• 953 


hemlock, . . . 


652 


neroli, petale, . 


646 


stone, . . 


■ 655 


hemp 


642 


neroli, petit grain 


640 


stramonium seed, 642 


hen's, .... 


641 


niker seed, 


642 


styrax, . 


■ 654 


hickory nut, 


662 


nutmeg, 


849 


sulphurated, 


. 186 


hoarhound, . . 


652 


nutmeg, expresse( 


I, 639 


summer savor) 


, • 673 


hops 


652 


olibanum, . 


653 


sunflower seed 


642 


horsemint, . 


652 


olive, . . . 


639 


swallows, . 


. 640 


horseradish, 


652 


orange flowers. 


646 


sweet basil, 


• 653 


Hungarian balsam, 


652 


orange peel, . 


946 


sweet marjoram, . 653 


hyacinth, . . . 


654 


orange, sweet, 


646 


sweet sicily, 


• 653 


hydrocarbon, . 


654 


origanum, . 


6 5 r 


sweet violet, 


■ 653 


hyoscyamus, . 940 


,642 


pear, 


151 


tansy, . . 


• 653 


hyssop, .... 


652 


palm, . . . 


642 


tar, . . . 


■ 649 


Indian cannabis, . 


652 


parsley, . 


653 


tea, . 


• 653 


inula, .... 


652 


patchouly, . 


653 


theobroma, 


. 640 


jasmine, 


654 


peach pit, . 


662 


thuja, . . 


• 653 


jonquil, .... 


654 


pennyroyal. 


64S 


thyme, . 


. 651 


juniper, .... 


648 


peppermint, 


649 


tobacco, 


• 653 


juniper wood, . 


648 


petroleum, . . 


654 


tonka, . . 


. 642 


juniper, empyreu- 




phellandrium, . 


653 


tuberose, . 


. 654 


matic, 


648 


phosphate^, 


640 


tucum, . 


. 642 


kerosene, . 


654 


pine apple, 


201 


turpentine, 


. 651 


lard 


638 


pimento, . . 


649 


turpentine, rectified, 651 


larkspur seed, . . 


642 


poppy, . . . 


639 


union salad, 


. 63S 


laurel, expressed, 


638 


porpoise, 


642 


valerian, 


. 651 


lavender, . . . 


648 


pumpkin seed, 


642 


verbena, 


• 653 


lavender flowers, . 


648 


rape seed, . 


639 


violet, . 


• 654 


lemon, .... 


648 


rattlesnake oil, 


641 


virgin, . 


■ 639 


lemon grass, . . 


652 


red, .... 


655 


vitriol, . 


■ 78] 


light 


694 


resin. . . . 


723 


walnut, . 


. 662 


lilac 


652 


rhodium, . . 65 


3. 654 


walrus, . 


. 642 


limes, .... 


649 


rock, 


655 


watchmaker's, 


• 639 


limette or limes, . 


652 


rose, . . . 


650 


water plantain 


• 653 


linden, .... 


652 


rosemary, . 


650 


whale, . 


. 651 


liniment, ready, . 


1097 


rue 


650 


wild ginger, 


• 653 


linseed, .... 


638 


saffron, . 


653 


wine, heavy, 


. 682 


lobelia 


652 


sagapanum, 


653 


wintergreen, 


. 64S 


lovage 


652 


sage, . . . 


653 


Wood, 


182, 663 


lubricating, • . . 


654 


St. Jacob's, 


1098 


woodchuck, 


. 641 


mace, .... 


649 


salad, . . . 


639 


wormseed, . 


• 047 


mangosteen, . 


642 


salt, .... 


236 


wormwood, 


• 653 


marjoram, . 


652 


santal, . 


650 


yarrow, . 


• 6g3 


marrubium, . . 


652 


sassafras, . 


650 


ylang ylang, 


• 653 


marsh tea, . 


652 


savin, . . . 


650 


zedoary, 




masterwort, 


653 


seal, .... 


642 


( tiled paper, 


. 231 


matico 


653 


seneka, . 


954 


Oils, . . . 


. 636 


matricaria, . 


653 


serpentaria, 


653 


distilled, . 


• 643 


meadow sweet, 


736 


sesamum, . 


639 


essential, . 


642 


melissa. 


653 


sewing machine, 


641 


fatty, . . 


fJ4 ?. 654 


melon seed, 


642 


shark, . . . 


642 


fish, . . . 


. 641 


menhaden, . . . 


042 


signal, . 


671 


. . 


. 637 


mountain halm. 


653 


skunk, . 


'Mi 


from fruit, . 


. 642 


musk 


654 


smartweed, 


653 


hair, . . . 


M )1 


mustard, artificial, 


134 


soap, 




methods of disl 


illing,643 


mustard, expressed 


. ''1" 


soot, 




mineral, 




mustard volatile, , 


650 


spearmint, . 


649 


mixed, . 


637. 653 


mustard volatile, . 


135 


sperm, . . . 


641 


nitro) 


643 



1256 



INDEX. 



Oils, nut, . . . 


. 642 


Ointment croton oil 


992 


Ointment red precip- 




oxygenated, . 642, 643 


cyanide of mercury, 992 


itate, .... 


9S1 


paraffin, 


• 654 


cyanide of potas. 


992 


resin, .... 


987 


from seeds, 


. 642 


diachylon, . 


976 


rosemary, comp., 


987 


sulphurated, . 


■ 643 


egg. • • • 




993 


rose water. 


971 


vegetable, . 


. 642 


Egyptian, . 




993 


salicylic acid, . 


970 


volatile, . 


. 642 


elder flower, 




992 


salt rheum, . . 


1 105 


Ointment, 


. 9 63 


elder, green, 




992 


savin 


9S7 


acetate of lead, 


• 9§4 


elemi, 




976 


scrofularia, 


992 


aconitine, . 


• 97i 


emetina, 




992 


simple 


968 


alkaline, 


• 993 


eucalyptus, 




976 


skin, .... 


1105 


alum, . . . 


. 962 


euphorbium, 




992 


spermaceti, 


975 


ammon'd mercur 


y. 979 


foxglove, . 




992 


squill 


992 


antiperiodic, . 


• 993 


gallic acid, . 




970 


staphesacre, . . 


988 


aromatic, . 


■ 993 


garlic, . . 




992 


stramonium, . 988 


. 994 


iirseniate of iron 


• 992 


glycerin, 




977 


strychnine, 


992 


arseniate of sodii 


im, 992 


glycerine of sub 




subchloride of mer 


,982 


arsenical, . 


• 99 2 


acetate of lead 


978 


sulphur, 


988 


astringent, . 


■ 993 


goa powder, . 


975 


sulphur, alkaline, 


989 


atropine, 


• 972 


gold, . . 




992 


sulphurated potash 


986 


balsam of Peru, 


• 992 


golden, . . 




1 103 


sulphate of zinc, . 


992 


basilicon, . . 2 


21, 9S7 


healing, 




1 104 


tannate of lead, . 


986 


basilicon, black, 


• 992 


Hebra's, 




976 


tannic acid, . . 


970 


belladonna, 


• 972 


hellebore, . 




992 


tar 


984 


benzoin, 


■ 973 


hemlock, 




992 


tartar emetic, . 


971 


benzoinated, . 


• 76 


hops, 




992 


tartrated antimony 


971 


blue, 


■ 978 


iodide of lead, 


9S5 


tetter 


1 105 


boracic acid, . 


• "94 


of potassium, 


9S6 


thymol 


1 105 


boric acid, . 


• 969 


of sulphur, 989, 992 


tobacco, 


989 


bromides, . 


• 992 


iodine, . 


982 


turpentine, . . 


990 


bromine, 


• 992 


iodine, compounc 


, 983 


veratrine, . . . 


990 


brown, . 


• 992 


iodoform, . 


9S3 


verdigris, . 


992 


■cadmium, . 


• 99 2 


itch 


1 104 


veterinary, . 


ii 06 


caffeine, 


• 992 


juniper tar, 


993 


wax 


974 


calamine, . 


• 974 


laudanum, . 


993 


white precipitate, 


979 


calomel, 


. 9S2 


laurel, . 


992 


wood soot, . 


992 


camphor, . 


• 992 


lead, compound. 


993 


yel. ox. of mercurv 


. 9S1 


cantharides, 


• 974 


lupuline, 


992 


zinc, .... 


991 


cantharidine, . 


• 992 


Mayer's, 


993 


Ointments, 


9 (, 7 


carbolic, . 96 


9> 1 103 


menthol, 


1 104 


and salves, 


1 102 


carbolic acid, . 


• 9 6 9 


mercurial, . 


978 


of balsams, 


992 


carbonate of leac 


, 985 


mercury, compound, 979 


unofficial, . 


99 * 


camphorated, 


• 9S5 


mezereum, . 


9S3 


Old Tom gin, . . 


1191 


catechu, . . 


• 992 


naphthalin, 


992 


Olea, 


636 


charcoal, 


■ 992 


nervine, 


994 


cocta 


640 


chalk, . . . 


• 992 


nitrate of mercur) 


, 980 


Europcea, . 


639 


chamomile, 


• 992 


nit. of mere, diluted, 981 


Oleata 


655 


cherry laurel, . 


• 992 


nutgall, . 


977 


Oleate of aconitine, . 


657 


chilblain, . 


. 1060 


nutgall and opium 


, 977 


aluminium, 


658 


chloral hydrate, 


■ 992 


obstetrical, 


994 


arsenious, . . . 


658 


chloride of gold, 


• 992 


oleate of zinc, . 


991 


atropine. 


657 


chloride of lead, 


• 992 


oxide of mercury, 


9S1 


bismuth, 


658 


chlorine, . . 


■ 992 


oxide of zinc, . 


79i 


cocaine, 


657 


chloroform, 


. Q92 


paraffin, 


984 


copper 


658 


chrysarobin, . 


• 975 


petrolatum, 


969 


iron, .... 


658 


citrine, . 


. 9S0 


petroleum, . 


672 


lead 


658 


cocculus indicus, 


• 992 


picrotoxin, . 


992 


manganese, . . 


658 


cod liver oil, . 


• 992 


pile 


1 104 


mercury, 


656 


colocynth, . 


• 992 


pitch, . . . 


992 


mercuric, precipit'c 


,659 


conium, . 


• 992 


poplar buds, . 


992 


mercuric with mor- 




corrosive sublima 


te, 992 


quinine, 


992 


phine, 


659 


creasote, 


• 975 


red iodide of n 


en 


., 980 


morphine, . 


657 



INDEX. 



1257 



Oleate of nickel, 


659 


Oleum carvi, . 


647 


Opiate of soloman, . 


875 


potassium, . 


657 


chenopodii, 


647 


Opium, . . . 664 


728 


quinine, 


657 


cinnamomi, 


647 


alkaloids, . . . 


665 


silver 


6 59 l 


cocos, .... 


638 


chalk powder, . 


715 


sodium, .... 


657 


copaibae. 


647 


confection, 


256 


strychnine, 


657 


coriandri, . 


647 


denarcotised. . . 


665 


tin 


659 


crotonis, . . . 


640 


denarcotisatum, . 


665 


veratrine, . 


.656 1 


cubebse, 


647 


elixir 


347 


zinc, .... 


659 


erigerontis, 


647 


elixir, deodorized, 


347 


zinc, liquid, 


659 


eucalypti, . • . 


648 


extract 


449 


zinc, ointment, 


991 


fceniculi, . . . 


648 


extract liquid, . 491 


496 


Oleates 


655 


gaultheriae, 


648 


ext, liquid, deod., 


40 


alkaloids, . . . 


6s6 


gossypii seminis, . 


63S 


fluid extract, . 


496 


metals 


657 


hedeomse, . 


64S 


fl. extract aqueous, 


49' 


Oleatum hydrargyri, 


656 


hyoscyami, 


640 


fl. ext., camphor'd, 


496 


veratrina.% \ . . 


656 


jecoris aselli, . 


639 


fl. ext., deodorized 


496 


Oleic acid, 56, 64.637 


,655 


juniperi, 


648 


ipecac elixir, . 


337 


Olein, 


637 


lana;, .... 


641 


ipecac syrup, . 


828 


Oleomargarine, . 


202 


lauri, .... 


638 


ipecac tincture, 017 


.950 


Oleoresina aspidii, . 


661 


lavendulse, . . . 


648 


liniment, 


545 


capsici 


661 


limettse, 


649 


liquor, .... 


539 


cubeboe, 


661 


limonis, 


648 


lozenges, 


9 6 5 


piperis 


661 


lini, 


638 


plaster 


387 


lupulini, 


66 1 


macidis, . . . 


649 


powder, compound 


71S 


zingiberis, . 


661 


menthie piperita, 


649 


powdered, . 


664 


Oleoresinae, . 


660 


mentha; viridis, . 


649 


saffron tincture. . 


929 


Oleoresin allspice, . 


662 


morrhuce, . 


638 


sol. comp., Squibb's,588 


aspidium, . 


66 r 


myrciae, . . ■ . 


649 


sol. sed.. Battle} 's, 


5S9 


Canada snake root, 


662 


myristicae, . . . 


649 


syrup 


S25 


capsicum, . 


661 


myristicae expres- 




tincture. . . . 


925 


cubebs, .... 


661 


sum, .... 


639 


acetated, . . 


927 


ginger 


661 


nucistac, . . . 


639 


ammoniated, 


927 


horse chestnut, . 


662 


olive, .... 


639 


benzoated, . 


928 


lobelia, .... 


662 


papaveris, . . . 


639 


camphorated, . 


928 


lupulin, .... 


661 


phosphoratum, 


640 


compound, .951 


629 


male fern, . 


661 


pimentae, . 


649 


deodorized, . 


929 


pepper, .... 


661 


picis liquidae, . 


649 


deod. with nitre, 


953 


savin, .... 


662 


pini sylvestris, 


650 


vinegar, 


53 


< Heo-resins, . 


660 


rapae 


639 


vinegar, aromatic, 


54 


by U. S. P., . . 




ricini 


639 


wine, .... 


1 1 N 13 


water-bath percol'r 


, (><» > 


rosae, .... 


650 


• Opodeldoc, liquid, . 


545 


natural 


662 


rosmarini, . . . 


650 


1 tpoponax, 


73" 


other, .... 


662 


ruta; 


650 


chironium, . 




Oleo-saccharures, 


735 


sabina;, .... 


950 


( (range, bitter oil, . 


646 


Oleum adipis, 


638 


santali, .... 


650 


bitters 


437 


rum, . . . 


82 


sassafras, . 


650 


bitters, extract. . 


437 


amygdalae amarae, 


645 


sesami, . . . . 


639 


blood, syrup, . . 


660 


amygdalae expres- 




sinipis expressum, 


640 


chrome. 


69E 


sum, .... 


638 


sinapis volatile, . 


650 


coloring. . . . 


249 


anethi 


645 


succini, . 


650 


elixir 


347 


.- 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 : 1 1 . • eetherium 


641 


terebinthihae, . 




elixir, COmp., 348 




anisi, .... 


646 


terebinthin 




essence, . , • 


4'4 


anthemidis, 


646 


ficatus, . 


651 


essei 




aurantii corticis, . 


646 


theobromae, . 238 


. 640 


fumes, . . . 




aurantii tlorum, . 




thymi 




extra.!. Soluble, . 


4-*4 


miii, . 


646 


tigHi 


640 


flower ext., triple, 


[:5a 


puti, 


646 


Valerianae, . 




flower, oil, 




calami 


646 


< Hibanum, 


730 


flower, syrup, 791 


camphoratum, 


5+4 


oil 




flower water. . 


164 


cari 


647 


Olive oil 




fruit, tincture, 


888 


carophylli, . 


647 


emulsion, . 


407 


..1 Malta syrup. re< 




carui 


647 


( Inosmodium, il. exi 


. r 1 


peel, bitter, fl. ext. 


i" 



1258 



INDEX. 



Orange peel, confec- 




Oxide of aluminium, 


139 


tion 


260 


antimony, . 


157 


peel, infusion, 


536 


bismuth, . . . 


194 


peel,infusion,comp 


,536 


bismuth hydrated, 


195 


peel, sweet, fl. ext.. 


473 


cobalt, .... 


240 


peel, tinct., bitter, 


887 


cadmium, . 


204 


peel, tinct.. sweet, 


888 


calcium, 


208 


phosphate, syrup. 


859 


carbon 


213 


spirit, .... 


764 


iron, magnetic, 


512 


spirit, compound, 


276 


iron, red, . . . 


512 


sweet, oil, . . . 


646 


iron, saccharated, 


512 


syrup, . 795, 850 


859 


iron syrup, 


801 


syrup, .... 


859 


lead, .... 


698 


syrup, soda water, 




lithium, .... 


595 


.... 424 


859 


magnesium, 


598 


wine, .... 


999 


manganese, black, 


614 


Orchil 


876 


mercury oint., red, 


981 


Oregon grape, fl. ext. 




mercury ointment, 




468 


'4S7 


yellow, . 


981 


Orellana, .... 


875 


mercury, red, . 


529 


Organic element. 


210 


mercury, yellow, . 


528 


Orgeat, essence or ex- 




phosphorus, 


674 


tract, 


431 


silver, .... 


175 


syrup, . . 794 


860 


strontium, . . . 


774 


Oriental cream, 


1132 


zinc, 


1018 


toothwash. 


1136 


zinc ointment, 


991 


Origanum, fl. ext., . 


46S 


Oxides 


667 


oil 


651 


antimony, . 


159 


Orpiment, . 177 


*79 


barium, 


18S 


Orthophosphoric acid 




carbon 


213 


.... 56,64 


674 


cerium, .... 


226 


Orris, essence, . . 


418 


chromium, . 


239 


extract 


418 


copper, .... 


266 


ext. for perfumes, 


"53 


gold, .... 


180 


root, fl. ext., . 


462 


iron 


512 


tincture. 


948 


lead, 


699 


Osgood's Indian Chola- 


manganese, 


615 


gogue, . . . 


1025 


nickel, .... 


634 


Osmunda, fl. ext., . 


475 


nitrogen, . 


635 


Ostrya, Virginica, fl. 




platinum, . 


695 


extract, . . . 


475 


tellurium, . . . 


S74 


Osmorrhiza, fl. ext., 


475 


tin 


773 


Ottawa beer. 


425 


uranium, 


994 


beer, extract, . 


425 


Oxycarb. of bismuth. 


192 


beer svrup, . 425 


851 


Oxychlor. of antimony 


-157 


Otto, defined, . . 


642 


bismuth, . . . 


197 


Rose, .... 


650 


phosphorous, . . 


674 


Oxalate of ammoniun 


,150 


Oxydendron, fluid ex- 




barium 


188 


tract, .... 


475 


bismuth, 


197 


Oxygen, .... 


666 


cerium, .... 


226 


Oxygenated oils, 642, 643 


iron, 


507 


Oxygenation, 


667 


potassium, . 


712 


Oxygenium, . . % . 


666 


silver, .... 


176 


Oxymel, .... 


619 


Oxaldines, 


96 


scillre, .... 


619 


Oxalic acid, . .57 


734 


of squill, 


619 


Ox-gall 


497 


Oxynarcotine, 


666 


inspissated, 


497 


Oxynitrate of bismuth 


,196 


prepared, . 


497 


Ozier green, fluid ex- 




purified, 


497 


tract, .... 


474 


tincture, 


946 


Ozokerite, . . . 


216 


Oxidation, 


667 


Ozone, .... 


667 



Pad copying hekto- 

graph, . . .1180 

Pad glue 1 165 

Pain cure balm, . . 1032 
killer, . . 951, 1032 
soothing cordial, 102S 

Palm oil 642 

soap 742 

Palmatin, . . . 637 
Palmer's lotion, . . 598 
Palmetic acid, . . 637 
Palmetto saw berries, 

fl. ext., . . . 469 

Panaceas or balms, . 103 c 

Panax, fl. ext , . . 475 

Pancoast's cough mix., 629 

Pancreatin, . . . 667 

crystal, .... 668 

elixir, . . . . 348 

and pepsin elixir. 349 

pepsin and bismuth 

elixir, . . . 349 

wine, . . . .1011 

Pancreatinum, . . (-67 

saccharatum, . . 668 

Pancro-pepsin liquor, 563 

Pansy, wild, fl. ext., 476 

Papaver, fl. ext., . 475 

somnifer'm, 639,964,728 

Papaverine, . . . 666 

Papaw, fl. ext., . . 465 

Paper, antimoth, . 1 170 

antiasthmatic, . 230 

antirheumatic, . 230 

barometer, . . . 240 

blistering, . . . 228 

cantharides, . . 227 

carbon, . . 230, 1180 

copying, . . . 230 

Fayard, .... 230 

filtering, . . . 232 

fly, 230 

fly, sticky, . .1170 

gout 230 

litmus, blue, . . 231 
litmus, red, . . 232 
mustard, . . . 229 
nitrate of potassium, 228 

oiled 231 

paraffin, . .232 

parchment, . . 231 
saltpetre, . . . 228 

tracing 232 

turmeric, ... 232 
waxed, .... 232 

Papers 227 

test, 231 

Papine, .... 1128 

Paraffin, .... 216 

oils, 654 



INDEX. 



12.59 



Paraffin ointment, . 


9 3 4 


Pearl powder. 


196 


Pepsin lactic acid elix 


353 


paper, .... 


232 


Pearls, medicinal, 


514 


liquid 


563 


wax 


216 


of nitrate of amyl, 


152 


pancreatin elixir. . 


349 


Paraguay tea, fl.ext. 


475 


Peckham's balsam, . 


186 


powder, compound 


670 


Paraldehyd, . . . 


97 


Peckham's balsam, . 


1036 


ptelea elixir, . 


355 


elixir, .... 


349 


Pectoral balsam, 


184 


purified, . . . 


669 


Paramorphine, . 


666 


cherry, .... 


1 106 


quinine elixir. . . 


354 


Parasaccharose, . 


735 


drops, Bateman's, 


1 106 


quin. and iron elixir, 354 


Parchment paper, . 


231 


elixir 


38l 


quin. and strych- 




Paregoric, . . 893 


92S 


pills 


1107 


nine elixir, . 


355 


concentrated, fl.ext 


,496 


tea, . . . 759, 


1107 


iron quinine and 




elixir 


928 


Pectorals, 


1 106 


strychnine elixir, 


355 


extract concent. , . 


496 


Peerless face powder, 


1135 


saccharated, . 


669 


rapid process for 




Pelargonic ether, 


78 


scale, .... 


669 


making. . 


928 


Pelosine, .... 


107 


solution, 


563 


Pareira, brava elixir. 


350 


Pelletierine, . 


123 


strychnine elixir, . 


355 


extract 


449 


tannate. 


123 


strych. and iron el. 


353 


fluid extract, . . 


472 


Pelletierina, . 


123 


syrup 


843 


tincture, 


946 


Pellets, medicated, . 


957 


wafer ash elixir, . 


355 


Paris' carmina t i v e 




Pellitory, fl. ext., . 


462 


wafer ash glycerite 


521 


mixture, . 


628 


tincture, 


932 


wine, . . 1004, 


ion 


Parsley essence, . . 


414 


Pennyroyal essence, 


414 


Pepsinum, 


668 


oil 


653 


fluid extract, . 


469 


saccharatum, . 


669 


root, fluid extract, 


475 


oil 


64S 


Peptone, . 


669 


seed, fluid extract, 


462 


Pentane 


213 


beef 


670 


Parilla, yellow, fl. ext 


,465 


Pentasulphide of an- 




Peptones 


670 


Partridgeberry com- 




timony, . 


160 


Peptonized cod liver 




pound syrup, . 


828 


Penthorium sedoides, 




oil and milk, 


403 


fluid extract, . 


475 


fl. extract, 469, 487 


emulsion of cod 




fl. extract, comp., 


484 


Pentoxide of nitrogen 635 


liver oil, 


403 


Paste almond, 


260 


Peony, fl extract, . 


469 


Perchlorate of potas., 


712 


depilitory, . . . 


1 140 


Pepo, fl. ext., . . 


475 


Perchlorates, . 


235 


flour 


1167 


Pepper, black, fl. ex., 


462 


Perchloric acid, . 


236 


lum. for rats, etc., 


1171 


cayenne, or red, fl. 




Perchloride of antim. 


549 


rat 


1 171 


extract, . 


460 


iron tincture. . 


908 


starch 


1 167 


confection, . . 


257 


iron solutions. 


555 


tooth, .... 


1138 


oleoresin, . 


661 


mercury, 


526 


for tin 


1 167 


sauce, .... 


1194 


Percolation, . 


34 


Pastes 


1 [67 


water, fl. ext., 465. 4S 7 


elixirs, requiring. 


278 


Pastilles, asthma. 


1031 


Peppermint camphor 


649 


water-bath, . . 


40 


Patchouly essence, . 


1152 


essence,. . .414 


, 769 


Percolator, water-bath, 41 


extract 


[i 5 6 


fluid extract, . 


475 


Percolating, econ. in 


39 


Oil 




Japanese, . 


649 


menstruum, elixir, 


277 


Patent leather dress- 




oil 


649 


Perfumed spirit. 


770 


ing 


U79 


spirit 


769 


Perfumes for hair oil, 


1 1 [2 


medicines, . 


1022 


syrup 


80S 


handkerchief, . 


[150 


Paullinia (guarana), 




troches, . . . 


964 


Periodic acid, 


541 


fluid extract, . 


464 


water 


169 


anhydride, . 


540 


's bromides, 


1 [01 


Pepsin 


6': 8 


Permanganic acid, . 


6i« 


Tea turkey, ll. ext. .468,487 


and bismuth elixir, 


351 


oxide 


615 


Peach essence or ext 


.432 


bismuth and irmi 




Permanganate of po- 




leaves, ll. ext., 473 


• r: 


elixir, 


352 


tassium, . 




pit oil 


662 


bismuth, iron and 




Permanganates, . 


615 


syrup, . . 850, 860 


strychnine elixir 


352 


Peroxide of hydrogen 


5.^2 


I'ear, alligator, fl. ext. 


.475 


bis. and strych. elixir, J52 


of hydrogen solut'n 




essence or extract. 


432 


compound, 




of nitrogen, 


635 


oil 


151 


crystal 


669 


Persia gratissima, fl. 




phosphate syrup, 


86., 


elixir, . . .35c 


. 35' 


extract, . . . 




syrup, . . 850 


860 


elixirs, other, . 




Persian sherbet, 




Pearlash, . 


. 7"4 


glycerite, . 


521 


Persimmon, fruit or 




Pearl barley, . 


1-- ) 


iron elixir, . . . 


353 


bark. fl. ext., . . 


1:1 


liquid, .... 


1 132 


iron wine, . 


[OI5 


Persulphate o| iron, 


5'2 



1260 



INDEX. 



Persulphate of mer- 




Phosphate magnesiuir 


,602 


Physostigmine discs 


. 542 


cury, .... 


529 


manganese, . . 


615 


salicylate,- . 


123 


of hydrogen, . 


781 


manganese syrup, 


844 


Phytolacca, fl. ext. 




Peru balsam, 


181 


manganese syrup. 




. . 469, 48 


balsam, factitious, 


1S4 


compound, . 


S45 


syrup, comp., . 


828 


balsam, reduced, 


184 


mercury, . . . 


532 


tincture, . . 


948 


Peruvian balsam, 


181 


quinine syrup, 


846 


Phytolaccin, . 


733 


beer, .... 


424 


quinine iron and 




Pickle preserving so- 


beer, extract, . 


425 


strychnine syrup, 


847 


lution, . . . 


59i 


beer, syrup, 425 


851 


silver, .... 


176 


Picra 


135 


bitters 


438 


sodium, .... 


753 


hiera, . . . 


720 


bitters, extract, . 


438 


syrups, .... 


861 


liquid, . . . 


720 


Petrolatum, . 75, 


672 


Phosphates, . . . 


674 


Picraconitine, 


IOI 


benzoinated, . 


973 


elixir, compound, 


356 


Picrate of ammonium, 149 


ointment, . 


969 


solution, compound 


.577 


Picric acid, . . 


57 


Petroleum, 


671 


sol. comp. concent'c 


,576 


Picrotoxin, . . 


675 


benzin 


189 


syrup, compound, 


845 


ointment, . 


992 


crude, . 654 


671 


Phosphide of zinc, . 


101S 


Picrotoxinum, 


675 


ether, . . 189 


671 


Phosphides, . 


674 


Pile ointment, . 


1 104 


naphtha, 


189 


Phosphites, . . . 


675 


suppositories, 


790 


oil, 


654 


Phosphorated emul- 




Pill bearing spurge, 


fl. 


ointment, . 


672 


sion cod liver oil 


406 


extract, . 


465 


refined 


671 


oil 


640 


blue, . . 


616 


Petroselinum, fi. ex- 




Phosphoretted hydro. 


674 


coating, . . 


680 


tract, . 462, 


475 


Phosphoric acid, di- 




coating, gelatine, 


681 


Peumus boldus, 


462 


luted, . . 56, 72 


coating, soluble gela- 


Pewter, .... 


156 


acid, elixir, 


357 


cacia, 


682 


Phellandrium, fl. ex- 




acid, glacial, . 57, 65 


coating, sugar, 


680 


tract, . 462 


469 


oxide 


674 


cough, . 


1107 


oil 


653 


Phosphorized cod 




driers, . 


678 


Phenic acid, 59, 672 


694 


liver oil, . . . 


1126 


excipients, . 


677 


nascent, syrup, 


844 


Phosphorol, . . . 


1126 


making, 


678 


Pheno-salicylic acid, 


737 


Phosphorous acid, . 


675 


making conv'ni'nces,677 


Phenol, . 59, 672 


694 


Phosphorus, . 


673 


Pills 


675 


propyl, alcohol, . 


713 


acids of, ... 


674 


ague and neuralgic 


, 1025 


pthalein, 


672 


allotropic forms of, 


674 


cathartic, liver, 


1 05 1 


sodique, 


587 


amorphous, 


674 


compressed, 


872 


Phenyl, .... 


672 


black 


674 


female, 


1079 


hydride, 


189 


chloride, . . . 


674 


formula;, . 683 


to 693 


propyl cinnamate. 


1S2 


elixir, .... 


358 


Holloway's, . 


1127 


Phenylamine, 150,15. 


,673 


elixir, compound, 


358 


little giant, 


1051 


Phenylate of ammo- 




etherate, 


82 


little liver, . . 


1051 


nium, 


150 


glycerite, . 


521 


pectoral, 


1107 


Philonium Romanum 


875 


hydride, 


674 


plast'rs and p'wd'rs, 1 107 


Phoradendron, fl. ext. 


475 


iron quinine and 




Plummer's, 


159 


Phosphate, acid, 577, 


1023 


strychnine elixir, 


35S 


silvering and gilding, 682 


aluminium, 


T40 


liquid, .... 


674 


Pilocarpina, . . 


124 


ammonium, . . 


147 


nu\ vomica elixir. 


358 


Pilocarpine, hydro 




calcium acid, . 


755 


oxides, .... 


674 


chloras, . 


124 


calcium elixir, 


356 


oxy chloride, 


674 


Pilocarpine, . 


12a 


calcium precipitatec 


,207 


red 


674 


hydrochlorate, 


124 


calcium neutral, . 


755 


solution, compound 


590 


Pilocarpus elixir, 


338 


calcium syrup, 


S44 


sol., Thompson's, 


589 


fl. extract, . . 


472 


iron, . . 508 


509 


tincture, compound 


951 


tincture, 


917 


iron elixir, . . . 


356 


white, .... 


674 


Pilulre, , . . 


675 


iron and quin. elixir, 356 


Physic, Indian, fl. ext 


,462 


copaibce, 


616 


iron and quin. syr. 


847 


Physostigma, ext., . 


449 


Pilulie ferri carb., 


616 


iron syrup, . . 801 


S44 


fluid extract, . . 


462 


ferri carbonici, 


617 


iron, white, 


512 


Physostigmina, . 


123 


Pimento, fl. extract 


462 


lime, precipitated, 


207 


Physostigmince sali- 




water, . 


170 


lime syrup, 


S44 


cylas, 


123 


essence, . . 


414 


lithium, 


595 


Physostigmine, . 


123 


oil 


649 







INDEX. 




1261 


Pimpernel or pimpi- 




antimonial, 


392 


Platinum 


695 


nella, fl. extract, 


462 


belladonna, 


3S4 


black 


695 


scarlet, fl. extract, 


473 


black, . . . 


386 


chloride, . . . 


695 


Pimpinel tincture. . 


931 


blister, . . . 


219 


oxides 


695 


Pimpinella anisum, . 


646 


burgundy pitch, 


3SS 


sponge, .... 


695 


Pimple lotion. 


114S 


calcined, 


210 


spongy, .... 


695 


Pinchbeck, 


294 


camphor, . . 


392 


Pleurisy root, fluid 




Pineapple, ess. or ext 


.432 


Canada pitch, 


3S8 


extract, . . 46 r 


. 4S7 


oil 


20 1 


cancer, . 


392 


Plum, essence or ext. 


, 432 


phosphate syrup. 


S61 


cantharides, 2 


9.384 


syrup, . . . S50, 861 


syrup, . . .850 


861 


Capauchin, 


393 


Plumbi acetas, . 


696 


Pine tar 


694 


capsicum, . . 


334 


carbonas, . 


696 


white, fl. extract, 


475 


chalybeate, 


3S5 


iodidum, . . . 


697 


Pinit 


735 


corn, 


iofio 


nitras, .... 


697 


Pink root elix., comp 


.359 


court . . . 


3S7 


oxidum, 


69S 


fluid extract, . . 


472 


croton oil, . . 


393 


Plumbum, . . . 


695 


and Senna, fl. ext. 


484 


dentists', . . 


210 


Plummer's pills,. 


J 59 


saucers, 


876 


diachylon, . 


389 


Podophyllin, . . 723 


, 733 


Pinus Australis, . 


662 


elemi, 


393 


Podophyllum, abstract, 4S 


Canadensis ext., . 


1074 


euphorbium, . 


393 


elixir, .... 


345 


Canadensis, fl. ext. 


.476 


galbanum, . 


386 


elixir compound, . 


345 


pumilia, 


663 


ginger, . . . 


393 


extract, .... 


449 


strobus, fl. extract, 


475 


hemlock pitch, 


388 


fluid extract, . . 


464 


sylvestris, . . . 


650 


iodide of lead, 


390 


tincture, . . . 


932 


Piper, methvsticum, 




iron, 


385 


Poenia officinalis, fl. 




fluid extract, 


462 


isinglass, 


3S7 


extract, . 


469 


nigrum, fluid ext., 


462 


issue, 


393 


Poison bug, . 


1 1 70 


rip-menthol. . . . 


649 


lead, 


3S9 


oak or ivy, fluid 




Pipsissewa, fl. extract 


,471 


lead compound, 


39° 


extract, . . 462 


,467 


syrup 


824 


litharge, 


389 


oak tincture, . . 


947 


Piscidia, fl. extract. 


469 


mercurial, . 


3S6 


rat, 


"71 


Pistacia terebinthus, 


663 


mustard, . . 


393 


rat paste, . 


1171 


lentiscus, . . . 


726 


mustard, spread, 


393 


Poke root fl. ext. ,469, 4S 


Pitch 


694 


opium, . 


337 


root, fl. ext., comp. 


,484 


black 


694 


of Paris, 


210 


syrup, compound, 


828 


burgundy, . . . 


694 


pitch, 


3S8 


tincture. 


94S 


Canada, 


694 


pitch, with cantha 


r- 


Polemonium reptans, 




cerate 


225 


ides, . 


389 


fluid extract, . 


4") 


hemlock, 


694 


poor man's, , 


393 


Polish for brass or 




mineral. 


724 


quinine, 


393 


metal, . . . 


11S2 


ointment, . 


992 


resin, 


390 


glass, .... 


11S1 


plaster 


388 


simple, . 


394 


furniture, . 


11S1 


plaster with canth., 


389 


soap, . . . 


391 


harness, 




white pine, . 


694 


soap, brown, . 


391 


laundry, 


1182 


Pitcher plant, fl. ext. 


47'' 


sticking, 


393 


silver, .... 


1181 


Pix 


694 


strengthening, 


385 


stove, .... 


1 [82 


burgundica, 


694 


universal, . 


385 


tin 


II -J 


< Canadensis, . . 


694 


verdigris, . . 


394 


Polisher's putty. 


774 


liquida 


694 


warming, . . 


389 


Polishing liquid, 


[1 82 


Plantain, common, 




wax. 


394 


powder silver, 


1 181 


fluid extract, 


476 


white lead, 




preparations, . . 


11S0 


Plantation bitters, . 


1038 


zinc lead, . 


394 


putty, .... 


[ 1 82 


Plantigo, major, fluid 




Plasters, . . . 


382 


Polj i' 'i in liniment, . 


[I94 


extract, . 


476 


ext rail, 




Polygala amara, fluid 




Plant food, . 


1172 


Plate liquor, . . 


590 


extract., . 475 


476 


Plants 


21 


Plating solution, go 


.1, 590 


bitter, il. extract, 


4 7" 


Plaster, aconite, 


392 


nickel, 




Polygonatum gigan- 




adhesive, . 


390 


silver, . . 


59° 


tenm, il. ext . 


469 


ammoniac, . . 


382 


solutions, . 


590 


Polygonum, fluid 




amnion, with nut,, 




Platinic chloride, 




extrat t , . . 405 


487 


arnica 


383 


Platini chloridum, 




Polymnia uvadelia, 




asafetida, . 


383 


Platinous oxide, , 




fluid extract, 465 


467 



1202 



INDEX. 



Polypodium or poly- 




Potassii hypophosphis 


. 7°° 


Potassium sulphide, 


712 


pody, tl. extract, 


476 


iodidum, 


707 


sulphite, 


709 


Polytrichum. fl. ext., 


476 


nitras 


708 


sulphite, neutral, 


7cg 


Pomade, barber's, . 


1 144 


permanganas,. 


708 


sulphocarbolate, 


7S2 


d'or, .... 


992 


et sodii tartras, 706 


747 


sulphocarbonate, 


712 


hair grower, . 


"43 


sulphas, 


709 


sulphocyanate, 


712 


Hongroise, 


1145 


sulphis, .... 


709 


tartrate, 


710 


pour le toucher, . 


994 


tartras 


710 


tartrate, neutral, 


710 


pultz 


1182 


tartras acida, . . 


703 


Potencies, 


953 


Pomades, flower, 


645 


Potassio-ferric tart., 


504 


Potentiation, . . 


953 


flower 


76 


Potassium, 


699 


Potentilla, tormen 




No. 24 and 30, 


76 


acetate, .... 


701 


tilla. fl. extract 


469 


Pomades, .... 


"44 


acetate solution, . 


560 


Canadensis, fl. ext., 469 


stick, .... 


"45 


acid tartrate, . 


703 


Poultry powder, . 


1058 


Pomegranate decoc'n 


270 


antimoniate, . 


710 


Powder of acacia 




fluid extract. . 


474 


antimoniate acid, . 


7" 


compound, . 


717 


Pond lily, white, fl. 




arseniate, . 


711 


algaroth, . . 


159 


extract, . 


469 


arseniate solution, 


565 


almond, compound, 714 


yellow, fl. ext., 


469 


arsenite solution, 


550 


aloes and canella, 


720 


Toor man's bitters, . 


1042 


bicarbonate, 


701 


aloes, compound 


720 


man's plaster. . . 


393 


bichromate, 


702 


aloes and iron, 


720 


Pop, lemon, . 


423 


binoxalate, 


712 


antimonial, ■ . 


7M 


sarsaparilla, 


424 


bisulphate, 


711 


aromatic, . 


714 


Poplar buds ointment 


.992 


bisulphite, . . . 


711 


bandoline, . 


"31 


white, fl. extract, 


479 


bitartrate, . 


703 


baking, . 


1167 


Poppy extract, . 


449 


borate, .... 


7" 


bitters, . . . 


1043 


fluid extract, . 


475 


borotartrate, . . 


711 


calomel and jalap 


720 


oil, 


639 


bromide, 


703 


catechu, compound, 715 


red, fluid extract, 


476 


bromide syrup, 


333 


chalk, aromatic, 


715 


syrup, red. 


813 


carbonate, . 


704 


chalk, compound 


715 


Populin 


733 


chromate, . 


711 


chalk and opium 


Populus albus, fl. ext 


,469 


chromate, red, 


702 


aromatic. 


7i5 


candicans, fluid 




chlorate, . . . 


704 


cinnamon, comp. 


7M 


extract, . . 462 


487 


chloride, . . . 


7" 


composition, . 


720 


Porpoise oil, . 


642 


citrate, . , . . 


705 


cubebs and alum 


720 


Port wine, 


997 


citrate solution, 565 


,57i 


curry, 


"94 


Pot pouri sachet, 


1 160 


cyanate, 


711 


depilatory, . . 


1141 


pouri for rose jars, 


1 160 


cyanide, 


705 


diapente, . . 


721 


Potash, ... 97 


700 


cyanide elixir, 


321 


Dover's, 


717 


caustic 


700 


ferricyanide, . 


7" 


effervescing, . 


713 


sol'n, effervescing, 


565 


ferrocyanide, . 


706 


elaterin, compound, 716 


water, .... 


565 


hydrate, 


700 


fumigating, 


721 


yellow prussiate, . 


706 


hypophosphite, . 


707 


glycyrrhiza, comp 


., 7i6 


Potassa, .... 


700 


iodate, .... 


7" 


Gregory's, . . 


718 


alkali, .... 


97 


iodide, .... 


707 


heave, . . . 


1057 


alum, .... 


137 


elixir, 


337 


hog cholera, 


1057 


caustic 


700 


iodide liniment with 




insect or fly, . 


721 


cum calce, . 


700 


soap, .... 


545 


ipecacuanha, comp., 717 


with lime, . 


700 


iodohydrargyrate , 


712 


ipecac and opium 


717 


soap, .... 


741 


nitrate 


708 


of jalap, comp., 


717 


solution, . . . 


564 


nitrite, .... 


712 


James', . 


714 


sulphurata, . . 


701 


oleate 


657 


kino, compound, 


717 


Potassii, acetas, . 


701 


oleate solution, 


657 


laxative, 


716 


bicarbonas, 


701 


oxalate, 


712 


liquorice, compou 


id, 716 


bichromas, . 


702 


perchlorate. 


712 


magnesia and rhub.,719 


bitartras, . . . 


703 


permanganate, 


708 


manicure, . 


1 1 50 


bromidum, . 


703 


permanganate, sol. 


566 


morphine, comp.. 


718 


carbonas, . 


704 


quadroxalate, . 


712 


opium, compounc 


, 718 


chloras, .... 


704 


salicylate, . 


712 


pearl, . . . 


196 


citras 


705 


silicate 


712 


pepsin, compound, 670 


cyanidum, '. . . 


705 


and sodium tartrate 


» 706 


poultry, 


1058 


ferrocyanidum, 


706 


sulphate, 


709 


rhubarb, comp., 


718 



1263 



Powder of rhubarb 

and magnesia, . 719 
salicylic acid and 

talc 719 

scammony, comp., 719 
tragacanth, comp., 719 
Tally's, ... 718 

worm 721 

worm, for horses, 

etc 105S 

Powdered extracts, . 441 

iron 498 

Powders, . . . . 713 
complexion, . .1135 
compound, . . 872 
condition, . . . 1055 
eclectic, . . . 731 
effervesc, aperient, 715 
face and toilet, . 1135 
fineness of, . . 31 

hair 1146 

ink 1176 

sachet n 59 

seidlitz, . . . 715 
soda, .... 714 

tooth 1138 

Precipitate, red, . 529 

white 524 

Precipitates, washing, 44 
Preparations, adhe- 
sive, . . .1163 
toilet, . . . .1131 
hair, . . .1149 
Prepared corks, . . 1193 
flavoring, . .227 

lard 75 

ox-gall 497 

wine 1006 

irative cider, . 1183 

fruit juice, . . . 1183 

Preservatives, . . 1 183 

"83 

Preserving organic 

substances, . .1184 
solution, Wickers- 

heims, . . . 1 184 

miens, . . 1 184 

Pressure process, . 457 

'rest. »u's salts, . . 1 160 

'reventive mosquito, 

etc., . . . .1171 
rickly-ash bark, fl, 

extract, . . . 460 
berries, fl, ext., 402 
southern, ll ext., 473 
leof India, fl, ext., 461 
Primrose, evening, fl, 

474, 487 

Prinos, ilui«l extract, 476 

Pun' >■ Rupert's metal, 264 

I is for fluid exts., 455 

pressure, . 457 



Process for repercola- 

tion 456 

U. S. 1S70, . 455 
U. S. 18S0, . 455 
water-bath perco- 
lation. . . . 45S 
Processes, working, 24 
Products, chemical, 19, 23 
pharmaceutical, . 23 
Propane, . . . . 213 
Prophylactic fluid, 

Darby's, . . . 587 

Propenyl 516 

alcohol, . . . 516 

tristearate, . . . 516 

Proprietary medicine, 1022 

Propyl, ... 85, 713 

alcohol, .... 85 

Propylamine, 132, 713 

chloride elixir, . 359 

elixir, .... 359 

hydrochlorate, . 133 

salicylate elixir, . 367 

Propylbenzene, . . 190 

Propylenyl, . . . 134 

Propylic alcohol, . 713 

Protein compounds, 84 

Protiodide of mercury, 527 

tin, .... . 773 

Protoxide of iron elixir, 3 5 9 

iron solution, . . 578 

iron syrup, . . S47 

Prune, essence or ext.. 433 

Trunin, .... 733 

Prune syrup, . . 850, 861 

Prunus Virginius, fl. 

extract, . . . 478 
Prussian blue, . . 512 
Prussiate of potash, 706 j 
l'russic acid, . 61, 267 
Pseud-aconine, . . 101 
Pseud-aconitine, . IOI 
Ptelein, . . . 732, 733 
Ptelea trifoliata, 

fluid ext., 469, 4S7 
Pterocarpus marsup'm,727 

Ptyalin 604 

I'ullna water solution, 870 
Pulmonaria, fl. ext., 476 
Pulmonary syrup, . 82S 
Pulsatilla, 11. extract, 469 
tincture, . . . 947 
Pultz pomade, . . 11S2 
71 2 

ellerves, elites, . 714 

Pulvis aerophorus, . 713 
Anglicus, . . 714 
laxans, . . 716 

aloes et eailell.e, . 72(1 

amygdalae comp's, 714 
antimonialis, . . 714 

aromaticus, . . 714 



Pulvis catechu com- 

positus 715 

cinnamomi comp's, 714 
creta; aromaticus 

cum opio, . . 715 
creta? compositus, 715 
effervescens comp's, 715 
elaterini comp's, . 716 
glycyrrhiza? comp's, 716 
gummosus, . . 717 
ipecacuanha? comp's, 7 1 7 
ipecacuanha? etopii, 717 
ipecacuanha? opi's, 717 
jalapa? compositus, 7 1 7 
kino compositus, . 717 
liquirita? compositus, 716 
morphime comp's, 71S 
opii compositus, . 718 
rhei compositus, . 71S 
salicylicus cum talco 7 19 
scammonii comp's, 719 
tragacantha?, com- 
positus, . . . 719 
Pumpkin seed, fl. ext., 477 
seed oil, . . . 642 
Pungent smell'g salts, 1 160 
Punicine, .... 123 
Purgative suppos's, 790 
Purifier, blood, . . 1044 
Purified sulphide of 

antimony, . . 158 
ox-gall, ... 497 
Purifying beeswax, 1193 
Purple ink, . . 1 173 

Putt\-, polishers', . 774 
polishing, . . . 1182 
Pyenanthemum, 11. 

extract, . . . 469 
Pyrethrum, fl. ext., 462 
parthenum, fl. ext., 476 
roseum, . . . 721 
tincture, . . . 932 
Pyridina, . . 124 
Pyridine, . . .124, 133 
Pyrmont, water solu- 
tion 870 

Pyroacetic spirit, 77a 

Pyroboric acid, . . 19S 
llicacid, . 57, 873 
Prola rotundifolia, fl. 

extract, . . 470 

Pyrophosphate oi iron, 569 

iron elixir, . . . 360 

iron solution, . . 578 

in >n syrup, - 17 

sodium, . . . 754 

Pyropbosphoric add, 67 \ 

Pyroxylic spirit, . 772 
I lin, . . . 721 
linura, 721 
Pyrus Mains, fluid ex- 
tract 47'") 



1264 



INDEX. 



Q 




iron, pepsin and 




Red cherry ess. or ext. ,434 






strychnine elixir, 


355 


chrome, 


698 


Quadroxalate of potas- 


iron phosp. syrup, 


847 


cloverheads, fl. ext., 476 


sium, . . . 


712 


iron and strychnine 




cochineal, . 


246 


Qualitative test solu., 


579 


phosphate syrup 


847 


cudbear, . . 


247 


Quantitative test solu. 


584 


morphine brom.syr 


,832 


currant ess. or ext., 434 


Quassia extract, . . 


449 


morph. and strych- 




elixir, 


367 


fluid extract, . 


472 


nine brom. syr., 


832 


fruit, cochineal, 


247 


infusion, 


533 


muriate, 


126 


gum, tincture, 


948 


tincture, 


932 


ointment, . 


992 


iodide of mercury 


, 527 


Quebracho fl. ext., . 


465 


oleate, .... 


657 


lead, . . . 


699 


tincture, 


947 


pepsin elixir, . 


354 


madder, . . 


875 


Queen of the Meadow 




pepsin and strych- 




mercuric oxide, 


529 


fl. extract, . . 


474 


nine elixir, . 


354 


oil 


655 


Queensroot, fl. ext.. 


472 


phosphate elixir, . 


364 


oxide of mercury 


529 


syrup compound, . 


829 


phosphate syrup, . 


846 


phosphorus, . 


674 


Quercit, .... 


735 


plaster, .... 


393 


poppy syrup, . 


3i3 


Quercitrose, . 


735 


strychnine glycerite 


. 5 22 


precipitate, 


529 


Quercus alba, fluid 




sulphate, 


127 


precipitate oint't 


9S1 


extract, . 


476 


sweet, .... 


129 


root, compound syr. ,827 


Quevenne's iron by- 




tincture, 


933 


root, fluid extract 


478 


hydrogen, . 


499 


tinct. ammoniated, 


933 


saunders, fl. ext. 


462 


Quicksilver, . 


523 


valerianate, 


129 


or scarlet, . 


252 


Quieting syrup, . . 


1114 


valerianate elixir, 


375 


sulphide of mercury, 531 


Quillaia fl. ext., . . 


469 


wine, .... 


1004 


Turkey, 


875 


Quillaya, sea foam, 


1 144 


Quinoidin, . . . 


in 


Venetian, . 


512 


tincture, 


948 


Quinolina, 


129 


wine, . . . 


1005 


Quince, bandoline, 


1131 


Quinoline, 


129 


wine artificial, 


1186 


Bengal, fl. ext., . 


489 






wines, . 


1185 


essence or ext., 


433 






Reduced iron, . 498, 499 


mucilage, . 


631 


R 




iron lozenges, 


962 


syrup, . . 850 


862 






Regulator, heart, 


1085 


Quinine tooth powd. , 


1139 


Rackasira balsam, . 


182 


Regulus, . 


155 


Quinia 


125 


Rademacher's tinct. 




Relief, ready, 1033 


, 1094 


sulphate, 


127 


acetate of copper 


.94S 


Remedy, ague, . 


1024 


Qumicine, 


in 


tinct. acetate of iron, 907 


cough, . 


1061 


Quinidia, .... 


I2 5 


Ragweed, fl. extract, 


473 


digestive, dyspep 


, 1072 


sulphate, 


125 


Rape seed oil, 


639 


dyspepsia, . . 


107 1 


Quinidina, 


125 


Raspberry ess. or ext 


-433 


kidney and liver, 


1089 


Quinidince sulphas, . 


125 


juice 


777 


Remedies, cough, 


1061 


Quinidine, 


125 


leaves, fl. extract, 


476 


catarrh, , . 


1047 


sulphate, 


125 


phosphate syrup, . 


862 


diarrhoea, . 


1068 


Quinina, .... 


125 


syrup, . . .815 


862 


dysentery, . 


1068 


Quininse bisulphas, . 


126 


syrup, black, . 


850 


female, . . . 


1076 


hydrobromas. . 


126 


syrup, red, 


850 


rheumatic, . 


1 108 


hydrochloras, . 


126 


Rat paste, 


1171 


standard, . 


1022 


sulphas, . . . 


127 


poison 


1171 


toothache, . . 


1120 


valerianas, . . . 


129 


Ratsbane, .... 


177 


Renewer, hair, . 


1081 


Quinine, .... 


125 


Rattlesnake oil, . 


641 


Rennet, liquid, . 


1127 


bisulphate, . 


126 


Ready balm, . 


1033 


Renovator, tonic, sys 


,1040 


bisulphate elixir, . 


364 


oil liniment, . . 


1097 


Repercolation process, 456 


bromide, 


126 


relief, . . 1033, 


1094 


Resin 662, 722 


bromide syrup, . 


831 


Reagent, Meyer's, . 


582 


cerate, . 


221 


bush, fl. extract, . 


469 


Meyer's, for alka- 




cerate, compound 


222 


elixir 


363 


loids, .... 


582 


of copaiba, 


723 


flower, fl. extract, 


476 


Nessler's, . 


533 


demar, . 


723 


glycerite, . 


521 


Realgar, . . .177 


179 


of jalap, 


725 


hospital, . . . 


129 


Recipes for coloring, 


877 


oil, .... 


723 


hydrobromate, 


126 


Rectal suppositories, 


784 


ointment, . 


987 


hydrochlorate, 


126 


Rectified spirit, 


87 


plaster, . 


390 


iron citrate, 


502 


Red bark. fl. extract. 


477 


of podophyllum, 


723 


iron and pep. elixir 


354 


carmine, . . 


246 


scammony, 


724 



INDEX. 



1265 



Resina 722 | Rhubarb soda mixture, 626 

soothing syrup, . 11 14 

syrup, . . . . 812 

syrup, aromatic, . 813 

syrup, spiced, . 813 

tincture, . . . 934 

aqueous, . . 934 

aromatic, . . 935 

compound, . . 951 

spiced, . . . 935 

sweet, . . . 935 

vinous, . . . 936 

wine of, ... 1005 

Rhus aromatica, fl. 

extract, . . 469, 4S7 
glabra, fl. extract, 472 
toxicodendron, fl. 

extract, . . 462, 487 
toxicodendron tinct. ,947 



copaibje, 


723 


damar, .... 


723 


draconis, . . . 


72s 


elastica, 


725 


jalapoe 


723 


podophylli, . . 


723 


scammonn, 


724 


Resinte 


722 


Resinoids, . . . 


731 


general formula for 


73i 


Resinous substances, 


722 


Resins, .... 


722 


Resolvent sarsap'a, . 


1112 


Resorcin 


728 


Restoratives, hair, . 


1081 


Restorative wine bit- 




ters, .... 


1014 


women's health, . 


1077 


Rex magnus specific, 


1117 


Rhamnus catharticus, 




fluid extract, . 


476 


frangula, fl. ext., 


477 


prushiana, fluid 




extract, 473, 476 


490 


Rhatany extract, 


44« 


fluid extract, . 


472 


infusion, . . . 


S38 


syrup 


806 


tincture, 


919 


troches, 


03 


Rhein 


733 


Rheum, fluid ext., . 


476 


Rheumatic bitters, . 


1 109 


elixir 


1 109 


liniment, 


1098 


remedies, . 


1 108 


tea 


mo 


Rhigolene, . . 


671 


Rhodium oil, .653 


, 6*1 


Rhododendron maxi- 




mum, fl. extract, 


469 


tincture, 


946 


Rhoeadine, . . . 


666 


Rho as, fl. extract, . 


476 


Rhubarb, aromatic, 




fluid extract, 


4S4 


COlumbo elixir, 


36«5 


and iron elixir, . 


3<>5 


dandelion, fl. ext., 


482 


elixir 


3 r >5 


extract 


450 


extract compound, 


450 


fluid extract, . 


467 


infusion, . . . 


S38 


and jalap, fl. ext., 


483 


magnesia elixir, . 


366 


potassium elixir, . 


366 


potassium Byrup, . 


829 


powder, compound 


718 


senna fluid ext., . 


484 


senna tincture, 





Rhusin 

Ribbon inks, . . 

Rice 

Richards' chalk mixt 
Rich weed, fl. ext., . 
Ricinus communis, . 

leaves, fl. ext., . 

seeds, fl. ext., 

tincture, . . . 
Riga balsam, . 
Robina, fl. extract, . 
Roborans elixir, . 
Roccella tinctoria, . 
Rochelle salt: 
Rock candy, 
syrup, 

oil, . . 

rose, fl. extract 

and rye, 

rye and tolu 
Root beer, 

beer extract, 

beer syrup, 
Knots, . . . 
Rosa Uamascena 
Rosaniline, . 
Roseine, . 
Rose, bandoline, 

bloom of, . 

cerate, . 

confection, 

essence 

extract, triple, 

fluid extract, . . 

geranium, essence 

hair lotion, . . 

honey 

injection, . 
jars, pot pOUli, . 
oil or otto. . . . 
red syrup, . . . 
sachet 



733 
[177 
153 
62S 
473 
639 
476 
462 
948 
182 
469 
902 
. 876 
706, 747 

• 734 
. 848 

• 655 

• 475 
. 1 190 
. 1 190 

• 427 

• 427 
427,851 



syrup, 



650 

154 

154 

1131 

"33 

225 

257 

414, 1152 

1 152 

472 

1152 

• "43 

. 618 

. I I (Ml 

. 86a 

.11, 



Rose tincture, 

toilet powder, 

tooth powder, 

wash, 

water, . 

water ointment 
Roses, milk of, 

cream, . 

infusion, acid, 
Rosemary, essence, 
.... 415, 

marsh, fl. ext., 

oil 

ointment, comp., 

spirit, ... 

tincture, 
Rosin weed, fl. ext., 
Rottlera, fl. ext., 

tincture, 
Rouge, . . .51 
246, 



948 
1136 

"39 
1087 
170 
97i 
"49 
1132 
53S 

1152 
476 
650 
987 
77i 
64S 
462 
462 
94S 

2,876 



liquid, . 240, 1 1 33 

pure 876 

vinegar, . . .1133 

Rubber, cement, . 1 164 

hard 725 

India, .... 725 
stamp ink, . . .1176 
tire cement, . .1164 
vulcanized, . . 725 

Rubia, fl. extract, . 47<> 
tinctorum, . . -75 

Rubus, strigosus, fl. 

extract, . . . 476 
syrup, . . . S14, 823 
villosus, fl. extract, 467 

Ruby sulphur, . . 177 

Rudbeckia, fl. ext., 476 

Rue, fluid extract, . 471. 
oil 650 

Rum, 

artificial, . . . Il88 
bay, . . . 770. ii.|( 
essence Jamaica, . 1189 
Jamaica", . . . Il88 

New England, . 1188 

Santa Cruz, . u -- 

St. Croix, . . [188 

Rumex, fl. extract, , 47a 
fl. ext., comp., 

sj rup, compound, 829 

Rumirj 733 

Rush, scouring, fl. 

extract. . . . 40S 
Russian chol'a drops, [054 



Rut. 1 graveolens, 
graveolens, fl. ext 

Rye and rOCk, 

rOCk and tolu, 

smut or spurred 

fluid extra* t, 
whisky, . 
whislq 



476 
tigo 

477 

1 ! -■> 
I I9Q 



1266 



INDEX. 



s 




Sal tartar, 


• 704 


Salts tartar, . . . 


704 






volatile, 


• 145 


Salve, camp, cream, 


1047 


Sabadilla, fluid ext. 


462 


Salep mucilage, 


• 632 


carbolic, . 970, 


1 103 


Sabbatia annularis 




Salicin, . . 


• 736 


corn, . . 1059, 


1060 


fluid extract, 


476 


elixir, 


• 367 


catarrh, 


1048 


Elliottii, fl. extract, 476 


Salicinum, 


• 736 


lip, . . . 225, 


1 1 50 


Sabina, fluid extract 


, 460 


Salicyl, 


• 736 


manicure, . 


1150 


Sabal serrulata, fl. ej 


.t. 469 


hydride, 


• 736 


sticking, . . . 


393 


Sacchara, . . 


733 


Salicylates, 


• 737 


Salves, eye, . . , 


1075 


Saccharate of lead, 


699 


Salicylate of ammo- 


and ointments, 


1 102 


Saccharated carbon 




nium, 


. 150 


Salvia, fluid extract, 


476 


ate of iron, . 


500 


bismuth, 


. 197 


Sambucus, fl. extract 


, 476 


ferrous iodide, 


505 


eserine, 


. 123 


Sandarach, 


726 


iodide of iron, 


505 


lithium, 


• 595 


Sanguinaria, fl. ext., 


460 


pancreatin, 


668 


methyl, 


620, 648 


fl. extract, acetic. 


488 


pepsin, . 


669 


physostigmine 


. 123 


syrup, .... 


823 


sol. of lime, . 55 


2, 798 


potassium, . 


. 712 


tincture, . . . 


937 


spermaceti, 


227 


sodium, 


• 754 


vinegar, . . . 


54 


Saccharates, . 


735 


sodium elixir, 


. 667 


Sanguinarin, . 


733 


Saccharine, . 


735 


sodium solution, . 591 


Sanguinarina, 


130 


substances, 


735 


zinc, 


. 1021 


Sanguinarine, 


130 


Saccharoids, . . 


733 


Salicylic acid, 


57. 736 


nitrate 


130 


Saccharose, . 


735 


acid elixir, . 


• 368 


sulphate, .' . 


130 


Saccharum, . . 


734 


acid ointment, 


• 97o 


Sanguis draconis, 


725 


lactis, . . . 


542 


acid and talc powd., 719 


Santa Cruz rum, 


118S 


Sachet ess. bouquet 


, "59 


aldehyd, 


. 96 


Crux rum artificial 


1188 


frangipanni, . 


1159 


mouth water, 


. 1 140 


St. Croix rum, . 


1188 


general, base for 


"59 


tooth ache cure, . 11 21 


Santal ext. for perf., 


"53 


heliotrope, . 


"59 


Salicylica, rheumatic 


essence, 


"53 


jockey club, 


"59 


remedy, . 


. 1 108 


oil, 


650 


pot pouri, . 


1 1 60 


Salicylol, . 


• 737 


white or yellow, fl. 




powders, 


"59 


Salicylous, acid, 


• 737 


extract, . . . 


462 


rose, .... 


"59 


Saligenin. . 


• 736 


Santalum citrinum, 




violet, . 


"59 


Saline fruit, . 


. 1116 


fluid extract, 


462 


ylang ylang, . 


"59 


Salix, . . . 


• 736 


rubrum, fl. extract 


462 


Satflower, fl. extract 


473 


alba, fl. ext.. 


• 469 


Santonica, 


737 


Saffron, American 




nigra, fl. ext., 


• 469 


fluid extract, . . 


462 


fluid extract, 


473 


Salol, . . . 


• 737 


Santonin, . . . . 


737 


foreign, . . . 


904 


rheumatic remedy, 1109 


elixir, . . . . 


36S 


oil, .... 


653 


Salt, . . . 


• 75o 


lozenges, . . . 


965 


syrup, . . . 


824 


celery, . 


• "94 


Santoninate of sod'm 


. 753 


tincture, 


904 


Epsom, . 


. 601 


Santoninum, . 


737 


true, fluid extract 


474 


fruit, . . 


. 1116 


Sapoes, . . . . 


733 


Safrene 


650 


Glauber's, . 


• 755 


Sapo 


740 


Safrol, .... 


650 


grape, . . 


. 1116 


animalis, 


741 


Sagapenum, . 


730 


oil, . . . 


■ 236 


duris, .... 


740 


oil 


653 


Schlippe's, 


. 160 


jalapinus, . . . 


741 


Sage, essence, 


415 


spirit, . . 


. 236 


kalinus 


74i 


fluid extract, . 


476 


water soap, 


• 742 


kalinus venalis, . 


742 


mountain fl. ext., 


468 


Saltpetre, . 


. 70S 


medicatus, . 


742 


oil 


653 


Chili, . . 


. 752 


mollis, . 


74i 


Sago, ... • 


153 


Salt rheum ointment, 1 105 


oleaceous, . . . 


740 


Saint Germain tea, 


753 


Salts, Carlsbad arti- 


viridis, . . . . 


742 


Jacob's oil, 


1098 


ficial, 


. 1 1 16 


Saponaceous tooth 




Johnsvvort, fl. ext 


■,- 475 


Crab Orchard, 


. 1116 


paste, 


"33 


Salad oil, . . . 


639 


definition of, 


• 55 


tooth powder, . . 


"39 


oil, Union, 


638 


lemon, . 


. 712 


tooth wash, 


1 1 36 


Salaeratus, 


702 


proprietary, 


. 1115 


Saponaria, fl. extract 


469 


Sal ammoniac, . 


146 


Preston's, . 


. 1 160 


tincture, 


948 


muscatel, . . 


1116 


Rochelle, . 


. 706 


Sapone, .... 


789 


nitre, 


708 


smelling, . 


146, 1160 


Sarothamnus scopa- 




prunelle, 


708 


sorrel, . 


. . 712 


rious, fl. extract, 


489 



1267 



Sarracenia purpurea, 




Scilla, elixir, comp., 


369 


Senna and pink root, 




fluid extract, 


476 


Scotch whisky, . 


1 190 


fl. extract, . 


484 


Sarsaparilla, Ameri- 




Scrofularia nodosa, 




and rhubarb, fl. ex. 


,484 


can, fl. extract, 


473 


fl. extract, . . 


476 


syrup 


819 


coloring, 


245 


ointment, . 


992 


tincture, 


939 


compound, fl. ext., 


4S4 


Scrofulous syrup, 


829 


tincture comp., 


939 


decoction, . . 


269 


Scudder's alterative, 


950 


Series, aromatic, 


190 


elixir, 


368 


Scullcap, compound, 




benzene, 


190 


ext., concent'd, 


mi 


fl. extract, . . 


4S5 


Serpenteria, fl. ext., 


464 


with iodide of 




fluid ext., . . 47S 


, 4S7 


oil 


653 


potassium, 


mo 


Scurvy grass, confec. 


256 


tincture, 


939 


compounds, 


I1IO 


fluid extract, . 


474 


Serpentary, infusion, 


538 


and dandelion, fl. 




spirit, 


766 


Sessamum, fl. ext., 


469 


extract, . 


484 


Scutellarin, 


733 


Indicum, 


639 


essence, . .415 


,816 


Scutellaria, fluid ex- 




oil 


639 


extract liquid, 


478 


tract, . . 478 


487 


Seven barks, fl. ext., 


475 


extract soluble, 


424 


Sea breeze, perfume, 


1 1 55 


Sewing machine oil, 


641 


flavoring, . .415 


,816 


foam 


1 144 


Shake, egg, phosphate 


, 866 


fluid extract, . . 


47S 


Sealing wax, . 


216 


milk, .... 


865 


Indian, fl. ext., . 


475 


varnish, 


"93 


milk punch, 


865 


pop, 


424 


Seal oil, .... 


642 


Shakes, cobbler, 


865 


resolvent, . 


1112 


Seawrack, fl. ext., . 


474 


cocktail, 


866 


stillingia and red 




Sebacic ether, . . 


7S 


fruit juice, . 


865 


clover extract, . 


mi 


Sedatives, 


1098 


Shaker's roots, ext., 


1074 


syrup, . . 803 


, 862 


Sedative cough rem. , 


1066 


Shampoo, barber's, . 


1144 


syrup, comp.. . . 


815 


Seed lac 


725 


Clifford's, . . 


"44 


syr. , soda wat'r,42. 


, 862 


Seeds, 


22 


dry 


"44 


Sassa bark, fl. ext., 


465 


oils from, . 


642 


liquid, . . 704, 


"44 


Sassafras, essence, . 


415 


Seeley's disinfecting 




Shark oil, . 


642 


fluid extract, . . 


4D5 


solution, 


587 


Shaving cream for 




oil 


650 


Seidlitz measures, . 


716 


metal tubes, 


"34 


pith, mucilage, 


632 


mixture, 


716 


cream 


"34 


Saturated tinctures, 


913 


powders, 


715 


Shepherd's purse, fl. 




Satureja, fl. ext., 


469 


Selenic acid, . 


745 


extract, . 


461 


Sauce pepper, . . 


1 194 


Selenium 


745 


Shellac 


72S 


Worcestershire, . 


1 1 94 


Selenous acid, 


745 


varnish, 


1 [92 


Saucers, pink, 


876 


Seltzer, aperi'nt, 603 


III5 


Sherbet essence, . 


418 


Saunders' face powd. 


"35 


water, solution, . 


870 


extract 


4l8 


red, fl. extract, 


462 


Senecin 


733 


Persian, 


863 


Savin ointment, . 


987 


Senecio, fl. ext., 47'', 487 


syrup 




oil, 


650 


Senega, abstract. 


48 


Sherry wine, . 


IOOs 


Savine cerate, 


222 


or Seneka, fl. ext., 


4"7 


Shoe blacking, . 




extract 


450 


fluid ext., aqueous, 


491 


dressing, . . . 


I I 79 


fluid extract, . 


460 


infusion, 




dressing bronze, . 


"79 


tincture. 


937 


and ipecac, fl. ext., 


483 


dressings, . 


"78 


Savonia cream, . 


1134 


syrup 


818 


Show bottle colors, . 


250 


Saxifrage, small, 11. 




tincture, . . . 


939 


Signal oil, 


671 


ext 


402 


Senegal gum, . . 


726 


Silica 




Scammonium, 


729 


Seiuka oil, 


654 


Silicate of potassium, 


712 


Scammony, . 


729 


syrup 


818 


sodium 


757 


confection, 


258 


Senna, confection, . 




Silicates 




mixture, . . 


626 


elixir 




silicic add, 




powder comp., 


719 


elixir, compound, 




Silicon 


74S 


P'MH 


7-1 


fluid extra t. . 


479 


Silkweed, fl. extract, 


i< 1 


tincture, . . . 


948 


fl. ext., alcoholized 


480 


Silphium, fl. extra* t. 




virgin 


729 


fl, e 


492 


Silver 




Schiedam schnapps, 


1191 


fl. ext., comp., . 




te 




Schlippe'a salt. . 


100 


fl, ext., punned, . 




bromide, 


176 


Schnapps, schiedam, 
Scilla, ft. ext., . . 


1 [91 


and dandelion, fl, 




c all.., 11. ite. . . . 




I' 1 ' 


■ . . 




chloride, 




fl. ext., acetic, 


48S 


infusion, . . . 




eliminate, . 


■7" 


tract, comp., 




and jalap, fl 




cyanide, 





1 268 



INDEX. 



Silver, German, . 


264 


Soap, arsenical, . 


743 


Soda tartarata, . 


747 


ink 


"77 


black 


743 


tartarated, . . . 


747 


iodide, . . . 


173 


camphorated, . 


743 


water, ice cream, . 


864 


leaf, .... 


172 


carbolic, 


743 


water, spoon, . 


865 


nickel, . 


264 


castile, mottled, . 


740 


water syrup, . 


848 


nitrate, . 


173 


cerate 


222 


Sodii, acetas, 


748 


diluted, . . 


174 


chlorinated, . . 


743 


arsenias, . .178 


,747 


fused, . . 


174 


coconut oil, . . 


742 


ash 


749 


moulded, 


174 


cod liver oil, . . 


743 


benzoas, 


747 


toughened, . 


175 


corrosive sublimate 


, 744 


bicarbonas, . . 


748 


oleate, . 


65Q 


croton oil, . 


743 


bisulphis, . . . 


748 


oxalate, 


17b 


erasive 


1 169 


boras. . . . 199,748 


oxide, 


175 


glycerin, 


743 


bromidum, 


749 


phosphate, . . 


176 


green, .... 


742 


carbonas, . 


749 


plating solution, 


590 


green tincture, 


938 


carbonas exsiccatus 


750 


polishes, . . 


11S1 


iodine 


744 


chloras 


750 


polishing powder 


1181 


jalap, .... 


741 


chloridum, . 


750 


potassium nitrate, 


174 


juniper tar, 


744 


citro-tartras effer- 




refined, . 


172 


laundry, 


742 


vescens, . 


751 


sulphate, 


176 


liniment, 


545 


hypophosphis, 


75i 


sulphide, 


176 


marine, 


742 


hyposulphis, . 


752 


Silvering and gilding 




medicinal, . 


742 


iodidum, 


752 


pills, . . . 


682 


mercurial, . . . 


744 


nitras, .... 


752 


solution, . . 


591 


soft, Naples', . . 


743 


phosphas, . . . 


753 


solution or polish 


1181 


oil 


5i6 


et potassii tartras, 


747 


Simaba cedron, fl.e> 


t.,469 


palm, .... 


742 


pyrophosphas, . . 


754 


Simaruba, fl. extract 


, 476 


plaster, .... 


391 


salicylas, 


754 


Simple elixir, 


2S0 


plaster, brown, . 


39i 


santoninas, 


755 


cerate, . 


218 


potassa, 


74i 


sulphas, 


755 


ointment, . 




red precipitate, 


744 


sulphis, .... 


755 


plaster, . . . 


394 


salt water, . 


742 


sulphocarbolas, . 


756 


syrup, . . 


791 


soft, .... 


741 


valerianas, 


756 


Sinapis alba, . . 


640 


soft, fig, . . . 


743 


Sodique phenol, . . 


587 


nigra, . . . 


640 


soft, gen. formula, 


740 


Sodium, .... 


746 


Skunk cabbage, flui 


I 


spirit, .... 


771 


acetate, .... 


747 


extract, 468, 46 


9, 4S7 


sulphur, 


744 


aluminiate, 


757 


cabbage tincture, 


947 


tallow, .... 


741 


arseniate, .178 


747 


oil 


641 


transparent, 


744 


arseniate solution, 


567 


Skin ointment, . 


1105 


turpentine, 


744 


benzoate, . 


747 


Skoke or poke root 




whale oil, . 


743 


biborate, . . . 


748 


fluid extract, 46 


9. 4S7 


white castile, . 


740 


bicarbonate, . . 


748 


Slating blackboard 


1178 


white precipitate, 


744 


bisulphite, . 


748 


Slippery elm, fl. ext 


., 476 


yellow 


742 


borate, . . . 199 


748 


Smartweed. fl. ext., 


465 


Soaps, 


738 


bromide. 


749 


compound, 


1095 


hard, .... 


738 


bromide syrup, 


833 


oil 


653 


hard, gen. formula 


739 


carbolate, . . . 


757 


Smelling salts, . 


146 


soft, .... 


738 


carbonate, . . , 


749 


salts or pungents 


1 160 


toilet, .... 


1161 


carbonate, dried, 


75o 


Smilacin, . 


733 


Soaptree bark, fluid 




chlorate, 


75o 


Smilax sarsaparilla 




extract, . . . 


469 


chloride, 


750 


fluid extract, 


476 


Soapwort, fl. ext., . 


469 


citrate, .... 


757 


Snakehead, fl. ext. 


473 


Soda 


746 


citro-tartrate, effer- 




Snakeroot, button 




alkali 


97 


vescing, . 


751 


fluid extract, 


475 


ash, 


97 


ethylate, 


757 


Canada, fl. ext., 


461 


baking, 


748 


ethylate, solution, 


567 


corn, fluid extract 


. 469 


caustica. 


746 


hydrate, 


746 


Virginia, fl. extra 


:t, 464 


chlorinated solution 


,566 


hypophosphite, 


751 


white, fl. extract 


474 


foam, .... 


849 


elixir, 


336 


Snakeweed, fl. ext., 


473 


mint, .... 


1128 


syrup. . . . 


836 


Snuff catarrh, 


1048 


powders, 


714 


hyposulphite, . 


752 


Soap, alum-sulphur 


744 


solution, 


566 


iodide, .... 


752 


antimonial, 


743 


syrups, hot, 


S66 


lactate, .... 


757 



INDEX. 



Sodium nitrate, 752 


757 


Solution, bismuth, . 


551 


Solution, hypophos. 




oleate, .... 


657 


bromo-chloralum, 


586 


of iron, . 


572 


oleate solution, 


657 


caramel, 


245 


hypophos. of man'e.572 


phosphate, . . 


753 


carbolic acid, . . 


569 


iodide of arsenic 




pyrophosphate, . 


754 


carb. of magnesium 


,560 


and mercury, . 


55o 


salicylate, . 


754 


Carlsbad water, . 


86S 


iodine, colorless, . 


521 


salicylate solution, 


591 


carmine, 


246 


compound, . . 


559 


salicylate, elixir, . 


307 


chlor. of antimony, 


549 


Churchill's, . 


559 


santoninate, . 


755 


arsenic, . 


547 


Lugol's caustic, 


538 


silicate, 


757 


calcium, . 


551 


Lugol's rube- 




silicate, solution, 


567 


iron, 


554 


facient, . . 




stannate, . 


757 


iron (tasteless), 


570 


Magendie's, 


559 


sulphate, . 


755 


tin 


592 


iodo-b romideof 




sulphite, . . . 


755 


zinc, .... 


56S 


calcium comp., 


588 


sulphite acid, . . 


755 


chlorides, 


1129 


iron oxychloride, . 


557 


sulphite, neutral, 


755 


chlorinated lime, . 


552 


iron pernitrate, . 


556 


sulphocarbolate, 756, 7S2 


chlorinated soda, 


566 


Javille's, . . . 


5S8 


tartrate, 


757 


chlorine, . . 235 


552 


Kissengen water, 


869 


tungstate, . . . 


967 


chromic acid, . 


547 


lactopeptine, . . 


563 


valerianate, . . 


756 


citrate of ammon'm 


,549 


lactophosphate of 




Soft soap, 


74i 


ammon'm, strong, 549 


calcium, 


5 73 


Solder, soft, . 


191 


bismuth and am- 




iron, .... 


573 


Soldering solution, . 


59i 


monium, . 


570 


lime, . . 


573 


Solferino 


154 


iron 


555 


manganese, 


574 


Solid acids, table, . 


57 


iron and ammo- 




lactophosphates, 




extracts, 


441 


nium, . 


570 


compound, 


5 74 


Solidago, fl. ext., 


47o 


iron and quinine, 


555 


lime, . . . 


55' 


Solidified glycerin, . 


1147 


magnesium, 


5 6l 


lime, saccharated, 




Solomon's seal, fluid 




potassium, . 565 


57i 


.... 


798 


extract, . . . 


469 


citric acid, . 


572 


lithia, effervescing, 


560 


Soluble cit. of iron, . 


502 


citro-chloride of 




litmus 


2 ;i 


elixir, flavoring, . 


277 


iron and sodium, 


570 


'!'-. • • 5 : '> 




extract of ginger, 


421 


Condy's, 


586 


magnesium, cit . . 


869 


lemon, . 


422 


Congress water, . 


868 


M a t te n heimer's 




mead, 


423 


Coutaret's white, . 


537 


disinfecting, . 


587 


orange, . 


424 


Darby's prophylac- 




mercuric, nitrate. 




sarsaparilla, 


4^4 


tic, . . '. . 


5S7 


Monsel's, . . . 


557 


toiu 


42 4 


I (eWessely's disin'g,587 


Monsel's disinfect- 




wintergreen, 


425 


dialysed iron. . 272 


554 


ing 




extracts, general 




dis'ft, Le 1 loyen's 


587 


morphine, sulph . 




formula for, . 


421 


disinfect., < iirondin 


• ; -7 


muriate of opium, 




flavoring extracts, 


421 


Dobell's, . . . 




muriate of tin. 


592 


Solution 


44 


Donovan's, 




nitrate of iron, 


556 


acetate of alumi- 




ethylate of sodium, 




men ury, 




nium, . . . 


547 


Farwell's disin'g, 




mercury, acid, - 




ammonium, 


548 


Fehling's, . 




opium, compound, 




strong, . . 




ferric acetate, . 


553 


depurated, 




morphii 


561 


chloride, . 


554 


. Squibb's, 




iron 


553 


citrate, . 


555 


sedat., 


589 


potassium, . 




nitrate, . 


556 


oxychloride "i iron, 


557 


albuminate <>l iron 




sulphate, basic, 


557 


pepsin 




ammonia, . 143 


547 


sulphate, normal 


553 


perchloride ol iron, 


555 


strong, . in 


547 


r's, , . 550 


56S 


strong, . . . 


555 


Apollinaris water, 


868 


1 iedrichshall wat 


mercury, 




arseniateol 




gilding 


1 1-1 


permanganate <<( 




sium, . . . 




gutta percha, . 




.Mil, 


566 


mate of sodium 


,567 


hydra stis, • 


ii.', 


pernitrate "i iron, 




arsenious acid, 


547 


hydro, of morphine 




peroxide "I hydro., 




arsenite <>f p 




hydro, of strychn'e, 




persulphate ol iron, 


557 


atropine, sulphate, 


551 


hypophos., comp., 




phosphate "t cal., 


574 


bimeconateol mor- 




hypophosph ites 




iron 


575 


phine, 


562 


comp.,l fhurchill's 




lime 


574 



1270 



INDEX. 



Solution phosphate 




Sourwood, fl. ext., . 


475 


Spirit finings, . . 


II9T 


of manganese, . 


576 


Sozodont, .... 


"37 


fioravanti, . 


772 


phosphates, comp. 


577 


Spa water, solution, 


870 


formic acid, 


766 


phosphates, comp. 




Sparkman's cholera 




gaultheria, . 


767 


concentrated, 


576 


mixture, . 62S, 


1055 


honey, compound, 


772 


phosphorus, comp., 


590 


Spanishfliegenpflaster 


,385 


horseradish, comp. 


764 


phosphorus, Thomp- 


needles, fl. ext., . 


473 


juniper, . . . 


767 


son's, . 


589 


Spavin cure, . 


109S 


compound, . . 


768 


potash, effervesc, 


565 


Spearmint ess., 415 


769 


lavender, . 


76S 


potassa, 


564 


fluid extract, . 


475 


compound, . 


919 


potassium arseniate 


565 


oil 


649 


lemon, . 


76S 


potassium oleate. 


657 


spirit, .... 


769 


mastic, compound, 


772 


preserving pickles, 


59i 


water, .... 


169 


methylated. 


86 


preserving vege- 




Species 


75S 


mindereras, 


548 


tables, . . . 


591 


aromaticre, 


758 


mustard, . . . 


771 


protoxide of iron, 


578 


emollientes, . . 


758 


myrcia, .... 


770 


Pullna water, . 


870 


laxantes, . . . 


758 


neutral 


88 


Pyrmont water, . 


870 


lignorum, . . . 


758 


nitre, sweet, . . 


760 


pyrophosphate iron 


578 


pectorales. 


759 


nitrous ether, . . 


760 


salicylate of sodium 


591 


Specific. Australian 




nutmeg, 


770 


sedative, Battley's, 


589 


cholera, . 


1054 


orange, .... 


764 


Seeley's disinfect'g 


587 


Nesbit's, . . . 


629 


orange, compound, 


276 


Seltzer water, . 


870 


Rex Magnus, . 


1117 


peppermint, 


769 


silicate of sodium, 


567 


S. S 


1117 


perfumed, ... 


77o 


silvering, . . . 


591 


tinctures, . 


913 


proof 


9i 


soda, .... 


566 


Specifics 


1117 


pure 


88 


sodium oleate, 


657 


Sperm oil, . . . 


641 


pyroacetic, . 


772 


soldering, . 


591 


Spermaceti, . . . 


226 


pyroxylic, . . . 


772 


Spa water . 


870 


cerate 


220 


rectified. 


87 


strychnine, Hall's, 


591 


ointment, . 


975 


rosemary, . 


771 


subsulphate of iron 


557 


saccharated, . 


227 


salt, 


236 


subacetate of lead, 


563 


Spiced syrup of rhu- 




scurvy grass, . 


766 


diluted, . . . 


504 


barb, 


813 


soap, .... 


771 


sulphate of atropine 


,55i 


tinct. of rhubarb, 


935 


spearmint, . 


769 


sulphate of morph., 


562 


Spicewood, fl. ext., 


462 


varnish, 


1192 


sulphate of strych., 


579 


Spigelia, fl. extract, 


472 


vulnerary, 


772 


sulphurated lime, . 


592 


Spike, lavender oil, . 


653 


wine, .... 


83 


tar or pitch, alkaline 


.59 2 


oil, 


654 


wine, rectified, . 


88 


tartar tmetic, . 


592 


Spikenard, fl. ext., . 


473 


wood 


772 


tersulphate of iron, 


558 


fluid ext., comp., 


485 


Spiritous liquors, 


1 148 


tin, . . . .592 


> 773 


syrup, compound, 


S26 


oils 


645 


Vichy water, . 


871 


Spiney, Burweed, fl. 




Spirits, .... 


759 


Solutions 


546 


extract, . . . 


469 


or spiritous liquors, 


1187 


battery, 


586 


Spiraea, ulmaria, 


736 


tin 


773 


disinfecting, . 


586 


tomentosa, fl. ext. 


476 


Spiritus, . . . 8S 


759 


essential oils. . 


409 


Spirit of ammonia, 


761 


setheris, .... 


759 


homoeopathic, 


955 


anisated, . 549, 763 


aetheris compositus 


760 


plating, . . . 


590 


aromatic, 


762 


a'theris nitrosi, 


760 


preserving fruit, . 


590 


fetid, . . . 


763 


ammoniae, . 


761 


qualitative, test, . 


5S4 


angelica, comp. , . 


763 


aromaticus. . 


762 


test, . . . 579 to 58 


anise, .... 


764 


compositus, . . 


764 


volumetric, test, . 


584 


ants 


766 


foetidus, . 


763 


Sorbit, 


735 


balm, compound, 


769 


anisi, .... 


764 


Sorghum sugar, . 


734 


bone 


211 


angelicae comp's., 


763 


Soother, baby, . 


III3 


bryony, compound 


, 772 


aurantii, . . . 


764 


Soothing syrup, nu- 




cajuput, . . . 


764 


aurantii compositus 


, 276 


tritive, 


1114 


camphor, . 


765 


camphone, 


765 


syrup, .... 


1113 


chloroform, . 80 


765 


cajuputi, 


764 


syrup, malt, 


1115 


cinnamon, . 


766 


chloroformi, 


765 


and teething syr. , . 


1113 


cologne, . . . 


88 


cinnamomi, 


766 


Soot oil, .... 


263 


ether, .... 


759 


cochleariK, 


766 


Sorrel, salts of, . 


712 


compound, . 


760 


dilutus, .... 


92 







INDEX. 




1*271 


Spiritus ferri chlorati 




S. S. specific, 


1 11 7 


Stillingia fl. extract 




aethereus, 


goS 


Staff tree, fl. ext., 


473 


compound, . 


485 


formicarum, 


766 


Stahltropfen, . 


90S 


oil 


653 


frumenti, . 


767 


Stamp, mucilage, 


. 1 166 


syrup, compound, 


S29 


gaultheriae, 


767 


Stamping ink for rub- 


tincture, 


94S 


juniperi, . 


767 


ber stamps, . 


1 176 


Stillingin 


733 


juniperi compositus 


, 76S 


ink indelible, . 


1176 


Stoke"s liniment, 


1129 


lavanduL-e, . 


763 


Standard remedies, 


1022 


Stomach bitters, 43S, 


1037 


laven';e composita, 


QIC. 


Stannate of sodium 


757 


bitters, extract, . 


438 


limonis, 


768 


Stannic acid, . 


773 


Stone crop, Virginia 




meliss?e compositus, 769 


chloride, 


773 


fluid extract, 469, 487 


menthse piperita, 


769 


iodide, . . . 


773 


oil 


655 


menthce viridis, . 


769 


oxide, . 


773 


root, fl. ext., . 469 


4S7 


myrcice. 


770 


sulphide, 


774 


Storecin 


1S2 


myristicce, . 


770 


Stannous chloride, 


773 


St. mghton bitters ext. 


,43S 


odoratus, . . . 


770 


oxide, . . . 


773 


Stoughton's elixir, . 


381 


rectificatus, . . 


37 


sulphide, 


774 


Stove polish, . 


11S2 


rosmarini, . 


771 


Stannum, . . 


773 


Stramonium extract, 


450 


saponis, 


771 


Staphesacre, ointm't 


> 98S 


fl. ext., green plant 


.487 


sinapis 


771 


Staphisagria, fl. ext 


, 461 


leaves, fl. ext., 467 


4S7 


tenuior, 


91 


tincture, 


946 


ointment, . . 98S 


994 


vini cognac, 


771 


Star anise, fl. ext., 


469 


seed oil, 


642 


vini gallaci, . . 


771 


blazing, fl. extract, 475 


syrup 


825 


vini rectificatus, . 


88 


grass, fl. ext., 473, 4S7 


Strassburg turpentine, 663 


Spleen mixture, . 


630 


Starch, . . . 


152 


turpentine oil, 


651 


Sponge, platinum, . 


695 


glace, 


I1S3 


Strawberry ess. or ext. 


.434 


Sponges bleaching, 


"93 


gloss, . . . 


1182 


juice 


777 


Spoon soda, . . . 


865 


glycerite, . . 


5i8 


phosphate syrup, . 


863 


Spruce beer, . . . 


427 


iodide, . 


153 


syrup, . . . &50 


863 


beer, extract, . 


427 


iodide, soluble. 


154 


Strengthening plaster 


. 3S5 


beer, syrup, 427 


85t 


iodide syrup, . 


839 


Strontium, . . . 


774 


essence, 


4i5 


iodized, . 


153 


carbonate, . 


774 


gum 


730 


mucilage, . . 


631 


nitrate 


774 


syrup. . . . 


730 


paste, good, . 


1167 


oxide 


774 


tincture, . . . 


730 


syrup. ... 27 


1, 515 


sulphate, . . 


774 


oil 


653 


varieties of. 


153 


Stronger emulsion of 




Spurge, large, flower- 




Statice Carolina, fl.e> 


C..470 


cod liver oil, 


398 


ing, fl. ext., 


461 


Stavesacre, fl. extra< 


t, 462 


lime water. 


397 


spotted, fl. ex- 




Steam atomizers, 


996 


Strophanthin, . . 


[195 


tract, . . 465 


487 


Stearic acid, . 


1 


Strychnia, . . . 


130 


pill bearing, fl. ext. 


4*'' 5 


Stearin, . . . 


637 


sulphate, 


131 


ipecacuanha, fl.ext. 


,465 


Stearopten, . . 


043 


Strychnin. e, sulphas. 


131 


Spurred or smut rye, 




Steel 


498 


Strychnine, . 


130 


fl. extract, . 


477 


Stencil ink indelible 


1 17') 


bromide, syrup, . 




Square, carpenter's, 


475 


Stcphanotis extract. 


[I 5 6 


elixir 


370 


fl. extract, . 


476 


Sterculia accuminat. 


1 


hydrochlorate, so- 




Squaw vine, fl. ext., 


475 


fluid extract. 


469 


lution, . . . 


568 


fl. ext. compound, 4S4 


Stereotype metal, 




iron and quinine 




Squibb's chol. mix., 


1055 


Stibium, . 


155 


bromide, syrup, 


Bfc 


diarrhoea mixt., . 




Stilmite, . . . 


155 


liquor 




solu. opium, comp. , 


588 


Sticking plaster, . 




morphine bromide, 




Squill, elixir, comp., 


3^9 


salve. 




syrup. . . . 


- - 


extract 


150 


Stick cosmetic, var's 


. >■ t ; 


ointment, . 




fluid extract, . . 


46 > 


cosmetic, b 


«4« 


oleate 




fluid ext., acetic, 


488 


pomades or <>>-., 


1X45 


salts 


1 \2 


fluid exl , comp., 




Ia<- 




solution, Hall'-, . 


59I 


ointment, . . . 


99a 


Sticky fly paper, 


'17') 


sulphate, . . . 


i |1 


oxymel, 


6ig 


Stigmata maydis, il 




solution, . . 


- 


syrup 


817 


■ . . . 




t in. t , Magendie's, 


95] 


syrup, compound, 


817 


Stillingia elixir, . 


37" 


valerianate, elixir. 




tincture, . . 


938 


elixir, compound, 




Strychnos, Ignada, fl. 




vinegar, 


55 


fluid extract, . .47 


2, 487 


extract, , , . 





12JT2 



Styptic, colloid, 244 


, 243 


Sulphate of calcium, 210 


Sulphite of sodium, 




collodion, . 


243 


cerium, . 


. 226 


neutral, . 


755 


antiseptic, . 


243 


chromium, . 


• 239 


Sulphites 


781 


Styracin, .... 


182 


cinchonia, . 


. 112 


Sulpho-acids, . . 


782 


Styrax, .... 


1S2 


cinchonine, 


. 112 


Sulphocarbolate of 




benzoin, 


182 


cinchonidine, 


. in 


sodium, . . . 


756 


oil, 


654 


codeine, 


• "4 


zinc, .... 


1019 


Styrol, .... 


182 


copper, . 


• 265 


Sulphocarbolates, 


782 


Subacetate of lead, 




daturine, 


IJ 5 


Sulpho-carbolic acid, 


782 


cerate, 


221 


duboisine, . 


. 116 


Sulphocarbonate of 




lead, glycerite, 


519 


hyoscyamine, 


. 118 


potassium, . 


712 


lead, glycerine 




indigo, . . 


■ .877 


Sulphocyanateof ally 


-134 


ointment, 


978 


iron, 


• 509 


ammonium, 


150 


lead, liniment, 


545 


and ammoni 


urn, 


potassium, . 


712 


Subcarbonate of iron 


5" 




503, 5iO 


Sulphocyanide of allyl, 650 


bismuth, 


195 


dried, 


• 510 


Sulphocyanides, . 


782 


Subchloride of bis., 


196 


exsiccated 


. 510 


Sulphocyanogen, 


782 


mercury, 


525 


granulated, 


. 5'o 


Sulphovinates, . 


782 


ointment, 


982 


precipitated 


. 510 


Sulphovinic acid, 


782 


Sublimate, corrosive, 


526 


lead, . . 


• 699 


Sulphur, .... 


778 


Subnitrate of bis., . 


196 


lithium, . 


• 596 


acids, .... 


781 


Suboxide of copper, 


266 


magnesium, 


. 601 


amorphous. 


780 


Subsulphate of mer- 




magnesium, dr 


ed, 603 


balsam 


186 


cury, yellow, 


530 


manganese, 


. 614 


black, .... 


780 


Succi 


775 


mercury, 


• 529 


brown, .... 


780 


Succinate of ammo- 




morphine, . 


. 121 


bromide, 


781 


nium, 


150 


nickel, . 


• 634 


chloride, 


781 


Succinates, 


724 


potassium, 


• 709 


confection, . 


259 


Succinic acid, 


724 


quinine, 


• 127 


crude 


780 


Succinum, 


724 


quinidine, . 


• 125 


etherate, 


82 


Succus, alterans, 


1027 


sanguinarine, . 


• 130 


fuscum, 


780 


belladonna;. 


775 


silver, . 


. 176 


hepar, .... 


78i 


conii, .... 


775 


sodium, . 


• 755 


iodide, .... 


780 


hyoscyami, 


775 


strontium, . 


• 774 


lac 


779 


juniperi inispissatus 


,775 


strychnine, . 


• 131 


liver of, 


701 


liquiritia;, . 


776 


strychnine solu 


ti'n, 579 


lotion, .... 


"93 


depuratus, . 


776 


zinc, 


. 1019 


lotum, .... 


778 


scoparii, 


776 


zinc ointment, 


• 992 


milk of, ... 


779 


taraxaci, 


776 


Sulphates, 


. 781 


ointment, . 


988 


Sugar, 


734 


Sulphethylates, . 


. 782 


ointment, alkaline, 


989 


barley, .... 


735 


Sulphide of allyl, 


• 134 


precipitated, . 


779 


beet, .... 


735 


ammonium, 


• 149 


p'rrecipitatum, 


779 


cane 


735 


antimony, . 


• 158 


red 


780 


coating pills, . 


680 


antimony, golc 


en, 160 


roll, ... 778 


780 


coloring, burnt, . 


245 


barium, . 


. 1S8 


salts of, ... 


781 


grape, .... 


515 


cadmium, . 


. 204 


soap, .... 


744 


lead, .... 


696 


calcium, 


209, 210 


sublimatum, . 


778 


lemon, .... 


1 194 


gold, . . 


. 180 


sublimed, . 


778 


milk, . . 542 


745 


hydrogen, . 


. 781 


vivum 


780 


Sugars, .... 


733 


iron, 


• 512 


washed, . . . 


779 


non-fermentable, 


735 


potassium, . 


• 712 


Sulphurated antimony 


.159 


Sulphantimoniate of 




Sulphides, 


778, 781 


lime 


209 


antimony, 


160 


calcium, 


. 210 


solution, 


592 


Sulphate of aconitine, 


104 


tin, . . . 


• 774 


oil, 


186 


aluminium, . . 


139 


Sulphite of ammo 


ruum, 150 


oils, 


643 


ammonium, 


148 


barium, . 


. 188 


potash ointment, 


986 


antimony, . 


160 


lime, . . . 


. 210 


potassa, 


701 


atropine, 


106 


magnesium, 


. 601 


Sulphuret of antimon. 


158 


barium, .... 


188 


potassium, . 


. 709 


Sulphurets, . 778, 


78i 


beberina, . 


107 


silver, . 


. 176 


Sulphuretted hydro., 


781 


berberine, . 


109 


sodium, 


• 755 


Sulphuric acid, 56, 73 


78r 


cadmium, . . . 


204 


sodium, acid, . 


• 755 


aromatic, 


73 



1273 



Sulphuric acid, diluted, 


Sweet clover, fl. ext. 


475 


Syrup bromide of iron 


799 


c 


5. 74 


fern, fl. extract, . 


474 


bromide of iron, taste- 


anhydride, 


78i 


flag, candied, . 


260 


less, 


831 


ether 


78 


flag essence. . 


410 


bromide of iron, qu 


- 


Sulphuris iodidum. . 


7S0 


flag, fl. extract. . 


459 


nine and s try ch., 


833 


Sulphurous acid, 56, 




flag syrup, . 


S23 


bromide of morph., 


831. 


74 


,781 


flag tincture, . . 


891 


bromide of morph. 




anhydride, . 


7S1 


gum 


1S2 


and strych., 


833 


Sumach, aromatic fl. 




gum tree, fl. ext., 


462 


bromide of potass. , 


833 


extract, . 469 


487 


gum syrup, . . 


824 


bromide of quinine, 


831 


Chinese, fl. ext., . 


437 


marjoram, fl. ext., 


475 


bromide (if quinine 




fluid extract, . 


472 


marjoram oil, . 


653 


and morphine, . 


832 


Sumbul, elixir, . 


37' 


orange, fl. extract, 


473 


bromide of quinine, 




compound, . . 


371 


quinine, 


129 


mor. and strych., 


832 


extr. for perfumes, 


"53 


spirit of nitre, . 


760 


bromide of sodium, 


833 


fluid extract, . 


462 


tincture of rhubarb 


935 


bromide of strych., 


832 


tincture, «... 


940 


violet oil, . . 


653 


bromide of strych., 




Summer savory, fl. 




Sydenham's laudanum 


,929 


iron and quinine, 


S33 


extract, . . . 


469 


Sympathetic inks, . 


1177 


bromide of strych. 




oil, .... 


653 


Symphytic syrup. 


824 


and morphine, . 


832 


Sun cholera mixture, 


629 


Symphytum officinale, 




buckthorn, . . . 


811 


Sundew, fl. extract, 


462 


fluid extract, . 


476 


calamus, . 823 


852 


Sunflower, fl. ext., . 


469 


Symplocarpus, fluid 




calcium and iron, 




seed oil, . . . 


642 


extract, . . 469 


487 


lactophosphate, 


841 


Suppositoria, . . 


782 


Syrup, 


791 


calisaya, 


S52 


acidi carbolici cum 




acacia, .... 


792 


calisaya phosphate, 


852 


sapone, . 


789 


acacia mucilage, . 


39" 


Canada balsam, . 


S24 


tannici, . 


789 


acid phosphate, . 


861 


capillaire, . . . 


522 


tannici cum sa- 




adiantum, . 


822 


caraway, . ^3.852 


pone, . . . 


789 


albuminate of iron 




cardamom, 


823 


hydrargyri, . . 


789 


and sodium, 


840 


carophylles, 


32 ) 


iodoformi, . 


789 


althaea 


794 


carrageen, . . . 


822 


morphime, 


789 


almonds, . . . 


794 


carrageen comp., 


826 


cum sapone, 


-.,, 


alterative. . 


826 


catawba, 


852 


plumbi composita, 


790 


ambrosia, . 


850 


ceanothus comp.. 




Suppositories, . . 


782 


ammoniac, . . . 


824 


chamomile, 




anodyne, 


7-1 


aniseed, . . 


823 


champagne, 




astringent, 


785 


anthemis, . 


823 


cherry 


S53 


antiseptic, 


786 


antiscrobutic, . . 


826 


cherry phosphate, 


853 


aural 


789 


apple 


850 


cherries, 


798 


gelatin, . . . 


514 


apricot 


850 


chimaphila, 




genera] formula, . 


783 


aralia, compound, 


826 


chloral 




hypnotic, . 


787 


artemisia compound, 826 


chloride ol amnion 




nasal 


789 


asafetida, . 


824 


ium 


843 


pile 


7')" 


.1 ,iniin compound, 


826 


chocolate, . 




purgative, . . . 


790 


asparagus, . 


824 


chocolate, hot, 


867 


rectal 


784 


bayberry bark. 


823 


cinchona, . . . 




urethral, 


787 


balsam Peru, . . 


824 


cinnamon, . .7 


vaginal, 


788 


■ 


,851 


citrate "I iron, 




vermifuge, . . . 


790 


belladonna, . . 


824 


citrate of iron and 




Svapnia 


825 


oin, 


824 


quinim 


834 


elixir 


571 


birch beer, 42; 


,851 


:.■ ot iron, 




syrup 


825 


bitter-sweet, . . 


823 


quin. and strych 




S. V. R 


88 


blackberry, . 814 


. B50 


citrate ol ir< 01 ami 




Swamp dogwood, fl. 




blackberry aromati 


strychnine, . . 


B34 


ct, . . . 


474 


blackberry root, . 




citric acid, • • . 




Swandown fa< e pow 




black cherry, ■ 


850 


claret 


854 


der 


1 135 


blood and liver, 




cloves 




balm, il. ext., 


475 


blood root, 




coca 




basil oil, 




blueberry, , . . 


857 


fee, . . .417 


. 854 


drily oil, 




brandy, 




. offee, hot, . . 


867 


cicily. ll. extra* t, 


475 


brum, of amonium 


833 


a ic 





1274 



INDEX. 



Syrup colchicum, 


823 


Syrup hypophosphite 




Syrup lactophosphates 


coltsfoot, . 




823 


of calcium, so- 




compound, . S42 


comfrey, 




S24 


dium, potass. 




lactucarium, . . 806 


conium, . 




82s 


and iron, . . 


835 


Aubergier's, . 806 


copaiba, 




824 


iron 


836 


lemon, . 807, 850, 857 


corsican moss, 


822 


iron and calcium, 


836 


phosphate. . . 857 


corydalis compounc 


.827 


iron and manga- 




soda water, . . 423 


cough, Jackson's, 


628 


nese, . 


836 


lime, .... 798 


cream 


855 


lime, .... 


834 


fruit, .... 858 


cubeb, . 




823 


lime and soda, . 


S35 


fruit phosphate, 858 


curacoa, 




855 


lime, soda and 




limes 850 


currant, 


S50 


855 


potassa, . . 


835 


liquorice compound, 827 


dandelion, . 




825 


lime soda, po- 




liquorice extract, . 825 


datura, . 




825 


tassa and iron, 


835 


liq. root, . . 808, 822 


dextrin, . 


271 


515 


manganese, 


836 


liquidambar, . . 824 


dialysed iron, 




S40 


sodium, . 


836 


lobelia, .... 823 


digitalis, 




824 


hypophosphites, . 


803 


mace, .... 858 


don't care, . 




855 


Churchill's, . . 


804 


maiden hair, . . 822 


Dover's, 




828 


compound, . . 


835 


malto 866 


dulcamara, . 




823 


comp., Fellow's, 


837 


malt hop phosphate, 858 


Easton's, . 




802 


comp., with iron, 


804 


malt and tar cough, 612 


egg nogg. • 




856 


comp., with lac- 




malt tonic, . . . 858 


erythroxylon, 




825 


topeptine, 


838 


manna, . . . . 80S 


eucalyptus, 




823 


comp., with qui- 




maple, .... 858 


euonymus, . 




825 


nine and strych. 837 


marrubium, . . 823 


fennel, . 




823 


comp., iron, qui- 




marrubium comp., 82 i 


flavored, 




830 


nine and strych. 838 


mead 423 


foxglove, . 




825 


lime, iron, soda 




mead excelsior, . 424 


fumitorv, . 




824 


and potassa, . 


804 


milk punch, . . 856 


galls, '. . 




823 


hyssop 


823 


mitchella compound, 828 


garlic, . 




793 


Iceland moss, . 


822 


morphine, . . . 843 


garlic, compound. 


794 


compound, . 


826 


mugwort, comp., 826 


German cough, . 


1064 


Indian sarsaparilla, 


803 


mulberry, . . 850, 858 


gillinia, .... 


823 


iodide of calcium, 


838 


mulberries, . . 809 


ginger, . 422, S21 


856 


iodide of iron. 


800 


muriate of amnion., 843 


ginger ale, . . 422 


856 


iodide of iron, taste- 




nascent phenic acid, 844 


glycyrrhiza, 


S22 


less, 


839 


nectar 859 


glycyrrhiza comp., 


827 


iodide of iron and 




nectarine, . . . 859 


golden 


874 


manganese, . 


839 


nutgalls, . . . 823 


grape, . . .850 


856 


iodide of lime. 


S38 


nutmeg, . . . 858 


grape phosphate, . 


856 


iodide of manga- 




opium 825 


guaiacum, . 


824 


nese, . 


839 


opium and ipecac, 828 


guarana, 


825 


iodide of starch, . 


839 


orange, 795, 850, 859 


gum arabic, 


792 


ipecac, .... 


805 


blood, . . . 860 


hedge mustard, . 


824 


ipecac and opium, 


828 


flowers, . 796, 860 


helminthocortus, . 


S22 


jalap, .... 


S23 


Malta, red, . . 860 


hemidesmus, . 


803 


juniper berries, 


823 


Maltese, . . . 860 


henbane, . . . 


825 


krameria, . 


806 


phosphate, . . 859 


hive 


817 


lactate of iron, 


840 


soda water, . 424 


hoarhound. 


S23 


lactopeptine, . 


842 


orgeat, . . 794, 860 


hoarhound comp., 


828 


lactopeptine comp. 


842 


Ottawa beer, . 425, 851 


hock 


857 


lactophosphate of 




oxide of iron, . . 801 


hound's tongue, . 


824 


calcium, . . 797 


841 


partridgeberry com- 


huckleberry, 850 


,857 


calcium and iron 


841 


pound, . . . 828 


hydriodic acid, 


793 


cal. and pepsin, 


841 


peach, . . . S50, 860 


hyoscyamus, . 


825 


iron, .... 


841 


pear, . . . 850, 800 


hypophosphite of 




iron and lime, . 


841 


pear phosphate, . 860 


calcium, . . . 


834 


lime, . . . 797 


841 


peppermint, . . 808 


calcium and so- 




lime and pepsin, 


841 


pepsin, .... 843 


dium, . 


835 


manganese,'. 


841 


Peruvian beer, 425, 851 


calcium, sodium 




lactopho s p h a t e s 




phosphate of cal'm, 844 


and potas 


sium 


835 


cal., iron mang., 


842 


iron, . . 801, S44 



INDEX. 



1275 



Syrup phosphate of 




Syrup squill, . . 


. S17 


Syrup hypophosphi 




lime 


844 


compound, . 


817 


turn, . . . 


. 803 


manganese, 


844 


starch, ... 2^ 


1, 515 


hypophosp h i t u n 


1 


compound, . 


845 


stillingia, comp., 


829 


cum ferro, . 


S04 


quinine, . 


846 


stramonium, . 


825 


ipecacuanha?, . 


S05 


quinine and iron 


847 


strawberry, . 850, 863 


krameria?, . 


806 


phosphates of iron, 




phosphate, . 


863 


lactucarii, . 


806 


quinine and 




svapnia, 


825 


limonis, 


S07 


strychnine, 802 


S47 


sweet flag, 


823 


liquiritfce, . . 


SoS 


phosphates, comp., 


S45 


sweet gum, 


824 


manna?, 


808 


Phytolacca, comp., 


828 


symphytic, 


S24 


mentha?, 


SoS 


pineapple, . . S50 


861 


tar, .... 


809 


mori, . . . 


809 


phosphate, . 


86 1 


taraxacum, 


825 


papaveris, . . 


809 


pipsissewa, 


824 


tea, .... 


863 


picis liquid. e, . 


809 


plum, . . . S50 


,86i 


triple phosphates 


847 


pruni Virginians 


Rio 


poke, compound. 


82S 


tolu, . . . 


823 


rhamni cathartica. 


, 811 


prune, . . 850 


861 


from extract. 


425 


rhei, . . . 


S12 


protoxide of iron, 


847 


turkey corn, comp 


., 827 


rhei aromaticus, 


813 


pulmonary, 


828 


tussilagino, 


823 


rhceados, . . 


813 


pyrophosphate of 




valerian, 


S24 


rosne. 


. 814 


iron 


347 


vanilla, . . 8: 


4,864 


rosa? gallica?, . 


. S14 


queen's root comp. , 


829 


violets. . . S2 


3. 864 


rubi, . . . 


S14 


quieting, 


1114 


wild cherry, 81 


o, 853 


rubi Idrei, . . 


. 815 


quince, . . . S50 


862 


wild cherry, comp 


.,1065 


sarsaparilla? com 


- 


quinine, iron and 




white pine, comp 


, 1064 


positus, . 


. 815 


strychnine, . . 


802 


wintergreen, . 


. 864 


scilke, . . . 


• 817 


raspberry, . .815 


862 


soda water, 42 


5. 864 


scillre, compositu 


., 817 


black, . . . 


8 so 


worm, . 


. 1123 


senega;, 


. 818 


phosphate, . . 


862 


yellow dock, com 


p., 829 


senna?, . 


S19 


red, .... 


850 


yerba santa arom 


t., 829 


simplex, 


• 79i 


red cherry, . . 


850 


Syrupi, 


790 


tolutanus, . . 


. 820 


poppy,' . . . 


813 


Syrups, . . . 


■ 79° 


zingiberis, . . 


. 821 


root compound, 


827 


aromatic herbs, 


. 808 


System renovator, 


. 1040 


rhamnus, . 


811 


chemical substant 


es,830 






rhatany, . . . 


806 


fruit, . . . 


777 






rhubarb, . . . 


812 


fruit juice, . . 


■ 849 


T 




aromatic, 


813 


phosphate, 


86i 






and potassium, 


S20 


soda hot, . 


866 


Tabacum, fl. ext., 


• 476 


soothing, 


1114 


soda water, 


84S 


Tabella?, . . . 


. 871 


spiced, . 


813 


sooth'g and teeth' 


g,i"3 


nitroglycerin!, 


• 871 


rock candy, . . 


848 


wine, 


. 864 


Tablet, lily white, 


. 1 136 


root beer, . 427 


851 


Syrupus, . 


• 79i 


Tablets, '. . . 


. 871 


rose, . . 814, 


862 


acaci.e, . 


792 


compressed, 


. 872 


rubus, . 814. 


823 


acidi cilrici. 


793 


diarrhoea, . . 


. 1070 


rumex, compound, 


-j , 


acidi bydriodici, 


793 


dyspepsia, . 


. 1072 


<>n 


-~l 


allii 


793 


fruit, . . . 


87a 


sanguinaria, . 


823 


althaea, . 


794 


hypodermic, com 




sarsaparilla. 803 


862 


amygdala.', . 


• 794 


ed, . 




compound, . 


->-- 


aurantii, . . 


7os 


nitroglycerin, , 


. S71 


soda water, 424 


862 


aurantii florum, 


79 6 


tooth, . . . 


11 19 


scrofulous, . . 


829 


calcis, . . 


79? 


worm, . . . 


11.:, 


senega, .... 


818 


calcii i-i' tophosp, 


. 797 


1 acamahaca, . 


. 1-1 


eneka 


818 


cerasorum, . 




Jder, il. ext., 


1' " 


senna 


819 


chloral, . . . 


700 




• 215 


sherbet, 


863 


i innamomi, 




soap, 


741 


simple 


7oi 


ferri bromidi, . 


• 7oo 


Tamarac gum, . 


7 JO 


for SOda w.it.r, 


848 


iodidi, . . 




il extract, . . 




soothing, . 


1113 


oxydali SOlubilis, Sol 


tincture, 


■ 7^" 


spikenard, comp., 


826 


phospl 


. 801 


Tamar [ndien, . 




spruce beer, . 427 


851 


quuunse 1 il 


:h- 


1 .111.11 .turn. tl. ext 


17'' 


spruce gum, . 




nin 1 phospc 


1. 11111. itenf .iltimiiiiu 


11. 1 |0 


Squaw vine, eomp., 


828 


hemidesmf, 


. 803 


bismuth, ■ , 


• 107 



1276 



INDEX. 



Tannate of lead, 




699 


lead ointment, 




986 


pelletierine, 




123 


Tannic acid, . . 


5 


7,873 


glycerite, 




517 


ointment, 




970 


suppositories 




7S9 


vvith soap, . 




789 


troches, . . 




961 


Tannin, 




873 


Tansy, fluid extract 


476 


oil, .... 




653 


Tape worm remedy, 


1125 


Tapioca, . 




153 


Taraxacum, elixir 




322 


compound, 


32 


2, 371 


extract, 




450 


fluid extract, . 




479 


Tar 




694 
655 


barbadoes, 




birch, 




694 


oil, . . . 




649 


coal, 




694 


glycerite, . 




522 


compound, . 




522 


juniper, 


64 


8,694 


and malt cot 


& 


L 


syrup, . . 




612 


oil, .... 


6. 


9,694 


ointment, . 




9S4 


pine, 




694 


solution, alkali 


le 


592 


syrup, . 




8O9 
169 


water, . 




wine, 




IOI2 


Tartar, cream, . 




703 


soluble, . 




711 


crude, . 




• 703 


emetic, . 




156 


elixir, 




• 372 


ointment, 




• 971 


solution, 




• 592 


wine, . . . 




• 998 


sal 




704 


salts of, 




• 704 


Tartaric acid, 


e 


7. 703 


Tartrated antimony 


, 156 


ointment, 




• 97i 


antimony and pot 


is., 156 


elixir, . 




• 372 


bismuth, 




• 197 


chinoline, . 




. 130 


iron, 




■ 504 


soda, . . . 


7 


36, 747 


Tartrate of iron 


an 


1 


ammonium, 




• 503 


potassium 




• 504 


magnesium, 




■ 603 


manganese, 




. 615 


morphine, . 




. 122 


potassium, . 




. 710 


acid, . . 




• 703 



Tartrate of potassium 

neutral. . . . 710 

and sodium, . 706 

sodium, .... 757 

zinc, 102 1 

Tartrates 703 

Tasteless castor oil, 397 
cod liver oil, . . 397 
iodide of iron, . 506 
tincture of iron, . 570 
Tea, blood purifying, 1045 
Hamburg, . . . 1107 
fluid extract, . . 476 
labrador, fl. extract, 469 
laxative, . 758, 1052 
oil, . . . 653 

pectoral, . 759, 1107 
rheumatic, . . .1110 
St. Germain, . . 758 
syrup, .... 863 
vermifuge, . . . 1125 
wood, .... 758 
worm, .... 1 125 

Teas, 758 

Tecoma radicans, fl. 

extract, . . . 476 
Teething and sooth'g 

syrups, . . .1113 
Telluretted hydrogen, 874 
Telluric acid, . . 874 
Tellurium, ... 874 
dioxide, . . . 874 
trioxide, . . . 874 
Tellurous acid, . . 874 
Terchloride of anti- 
mony, . . 160, 549 
bismuth, . . . 197 
Terebene, . . . 651 
cough mixture, . 1067 
vapor, .... 996 
Terebinthina, . . 662 
Canadensis, . . 663 
Terminations of acids 

— ous — ic, . . 56 
alkaloids — ia — ine, 99 
glucosides — in, . 515 
neutral prin. — in, 515 
resinoids, etc. — in, 732 
salts — ite — ate, . 56 
salts — ide, ... 56 
terpenes — ene, . 643 
stearoptens — ol, . 643 
Terpenes, . . . 643 
Terra japonica, . 727, 877 
Test papers, . . . 231 
Test solutions, quali- 
tative, ... 579 
acetate of copper, 579 
acetate of lead, 580 
acet. of potassium, 580 
acetate of sodium, 580 
albumen, . . 580 



Test solutions am- 
monio-nitrate 
of silver, . . 580 
sulp. of copper, 580 
sulph. of mag., 580 
bichromate of 

potassium, . 580 
bitartrate of sod., 580 
boric acid, . . 581 
bromine, . . 581 
carb. of ammon., 581 
carb. of sodium, 581 
chlor. of ammon., 581 
chlor. of barium, 581 
calcium, . . 581 
gold, . . . 581 
chrom. of potas., 581 
ferric chloride, 581 
ferricyanide of 

potassium, . 581 
ferrocyanide of 

potassium, . 581 
ferrous sulphate, 581 
gelatin, . . . 581 
hydrosulphu r i c 

acid, . . 582 

hoposulphite of 

sodium, . . 582 
indigo, . . . 582 
iod. of mercury 
and potassium, 582 
potassium, . 582 
iodine, . . . 582 
isinglass, . . 582 
magnesium, . 582 
mercuric chloride, 582 
Meyers', . . 582 
Nessler's reagent, 583 
nitrate of barium, 582 
silver, . . 582 
oxalate of am- 
monium, . . 582 
permanganate of 

potassium, . 583 
phosphate of am- 
monium, . . 583 
sodium, . . 583 
picric acid, . . 583 
platinic chloride, 583 
potassio - cupric 
tartrate, . . 583 
mercuric iodide, 583 
stannous chlo., 583 
sulphate of cal., 583 
copper, . . 583 
magnesium, . 584 
potassium, . 584 
silver, . . 584 
sulphide of am- 
monium, . . 584 
sulphite of sod., 584 
tannic acid, . . 584 



INDEX. 



1277 



Test solution tar- 


Thymus fluid ext., 


476 


Tinctura cinchona; 




taric acid, . 5S4 


Tilia, fluid extract, 


476 


composita, . 


901 


tincture phenol- 


Tin 


773 


cinnamomi, 


902 


phthalein, . 584 


chloride, 


773 


cocci 


903 


yellow chromate 


solution. 


592 


colchici. 


903 


of potassium, 5 84 


foil 


773 


seminum, 


903 


Test solution, volu- 


hydrated per oxid 


e. 773 


colocynthidis, . 


903 


metric, ... 584 


iodide, . 


773 


conii, .... 


904 


bichrom ate of 


liquor, . 


592 


croci 


904 


potassium, . 584 


mordants, . 


774 


cubelxe, . . . 


905 


hyposulphite of 


mucilage, . 


1 166 


digitalis, . . . 


905 


sodium, . . 5S5 


oleate, . 


659 


1 >i »veri, .... 


9i7 


iodine, ... 585 


oxide, . 


773 


ergotre, . . . 


906 


nitrate of silver, 585 


paste, 


1167 


ferri acetatis, . . 


906 


oxalic acid, . . 585 


polish, . . . 


11S2 


acetici setherea, 


907 


soda 585 


protiodide, 


773 


chloridi, . 


907 


Test solutions, 579 to 585 


solution, 


592 


chlorati aetherea 


90S 


qualitative, . . 379 


spirits, . 


773 


perchloridi, . . 


908 


volumetric, . . 584 


sulphide, . . 


774 


pomatia, 


908 


Trommer's. . . 734 


Tinctora, . . . 


875 


formicarum, . 


949 


Tetrane 213 


Tincture , . 


880 


gallre 


909 


Tetryl, . . ,85, 201 


Tinctura absinthii, 


881 


gallarum, . . . 


909 


Tetter ointment, . 1105 


aconiti, . . 


882 


gelsemii, 


909 


Thallina 132 


aloes, . . . 


883 


gentians, . 


910 


Thalline 132 


composita, . 


884 


composita, . 


910 


Thallium, ... 874 


et myrrhse, . 


884 


guaiaci, 


911 


Thea Chinensis, fl. 


amara, . . . 


885 


ammoniata, 


912 


extract, . . . 476 


arnica? tlorum, 


885 


herbarum recentium,gi3 


Thebaine, . 666 


radicis, . 


886 


humuli 


9U 


Theilemann's cholera 


aromatica, . 


886 


hydrastis, . . . 


914 


drops, . . . 1055 


asafcetidse, . 


887 


hyoscyami, . . 


915 


Theine no 


aurantii amari, 


887 


ignatise, . . . 


915 


Theobroma cacao. 


dulcis, . . 


888 


ioili 


915 


.... 237, 640 


recentis, 


888 


iodinii, composita, 


916 


fluid extract, . 476 


belladonna.-, 


889 


ipecacuanha-, . 


917 


oil, 640 


benzoics, 


889 


et opii, . . . 


917 


Theriaca, . . . 257, 874 


benzoini, . 


889 


jaborandi, . . . 


917 


Andromachi, . . 875 


composita, . 


890 


jalap.x 


81S 


Thibault's balsam, . 1035 


blattre. . . . 


95o 


kamalse, 


94S 


Thimbleweed, fl. ext. ,476 


bryoniie, . . 


890 


kino 


91S 


Thiosulphuric acid, 781 


buchu, . 


891 


kramerise, . 




Thistle blessed, fl. ext.,473 


calami, . . . 


891 


laricis 


9] 1 


'1 bompsonian com- 


calendulae, . . 


891 


lavendulse comp'a, 


919 


position powder, 720 


calumbss, . . 


892 


limonis, 


920 


Thompson's solution 


camphor.x compo 


... 893 


lobelias, 


921 


phosphorus, . . 589 


cannabis [ndicse, 


893 


lobelias setherea, . 


921 


Thoroughwort, fluid 


cantharidis, 


894 


lupuli 


oil 


extract, . 46a, r: 


capsict, . . . 


894 


lupulin.i-, . . . 


921 


Thuja articulata, 726 


cardamomi, 


895 


matico 


922 


octidentalis, fluid 


composita, . 


B96 


most In 


922 


extract, . 


■ . 11 i 1 1 t ■ , . 


896 


myrrhse, 


923 


oil 


torei, . . 


B97 


nucis vomicae, 




tincture, . . 947 


1 J111. ( omposi 




opii 




Thyme, fluid extra' t, 476 


< iiin.i-, . 


900 


ammoniata, , . 


927 


oil 


1 posita, 'c 




benzoica, 




I hymene, 651 


chinoidine, 


898 


camphorata, 




Thymol, . . 


chiratse, . . 




crocata, . . . 




chloral liniment, . [004 


chloroform] com 




deodorata, . . 




ointment, . . . 1105 


... 


898 


simplex, . 


927 


toothache remedj , tiai 


it morphinse, 




pimpinellae, . . 


931 


vapor, .... 


cimicifugW, 




physostigmatis, 


93] 


Thymus vulgaris, . 651 


1 in. boa e, . 




podophyTli, 





1278 



INDEX. 



Tinctura pyrethri, . 


932 


Tincture antiscrobutic, 949 


Tincture chloride of 


quassia, 


932 


antispasmodic, 


• 950 


iron. . 


907 


quininae ammoniatc 


.933 


ants, 


• 949 


etherial, . 


908 


rhatanhia>, . . . 


919 


aralia spinosa, 


• 947 


(tasteless), 


570 


rhei, 


934 


arbor vita, . 


• 947 


chloroform, 


898 


aquosa, . 


934 


arnica flowers, 


. 885 


and morphine, 


899 


aromatica, . 


935 


root, . . 


. 885 


chrysophyllum, 


947 


dulcis, 


935 


aromatica, 


. 886 


cimicifuga. 


899 


et senna;, 


936 


asafetida, . 


. 887 


compound, . 


949 


vinosa, . 


936 


etherial, . 


• 952 


cinchona, . . 


900 


sabinae 


937 


aspidosperma, 


• 947 


ammoniated, 


949 


sanguinarire, . . 


937 


astringent, . 


• 949 


compound, . 


901 


sanguinaria; ace- 




avena sativa, con- 


cinnamon, . 


902 


tata composita, 


949 


centrated, 


. 1129 


cloves, . 


947 


sanguinaria; comp., 


949 


balm gilead buds, 946 


cocculus Indicus, 


946 


saponis viridis. 


938 


balsam copaiba, . 946 


cochineal, . 903, 947 


scillae 


938 


fir, . . 


• 946 


ammoniated, 


950 


senega;, 


939 


Peru, . . 


• 947 


cockroaches, . 


950 


senna;, .... 


939 


baptisia, 


• 947 


colchicum, 


903 


serpentariie, . 


939 


belladonna, 


. 889 


seed compound 


950 


strychni, 


925 


benzoin, 


. 889 


colocynth, . 


903 


sumbul, . . . 


940 


compound, 


. 890 


conium, 


904 


tolutana, . . . 


940 


bitter, . . 


• 885 


leaves, 


946 


tonico-nervina, 


908 


bitter orange p 


eel, 887 


contrayerva. . 


948 


Valerianae, . 


941 


black cohosh, 


• 899 


coptis trifolia, 


946 


ammoniata, . 


942 


black cohosh, c 


amp., 949 


corydalis, . . 


948 


retherea, . . . 


942 


blessed thistle, 


• 947 


compound, . 


950 


vanilla; 


942 


blood root, . 


• 937 


coto, . . . 


948 


veratri viridis, 


943 


acetous, . 


• 949 


cranesbill, . . 


946 


zingiberis, . 


944 


compound, 


• 949 


croton seed, 


948 


zingiberis fortior, . 


945 


blue cohosh, 


■ 947 


crown bark, 


381 


Tinctura; 


880 


compound, 


• • 949 


cubeb, . 


905 


Tincture absinthium 




blue flag, . 


• 947 


Culver's root. 


948 


compound, . ■ . 


948 


boldo, . . 


• 947 


curcuma, . 


950 


acetate of copper, 


94S 


bryonia, 


. 890 


delphinum, 


946 


acetate of iron, 


906 


buchu, . . 


. 891 


digitalis, . . 


905 


acet. of iron etherial,g07 


cactus, . . 


■ 949 


dracontium, 


947 


acet. of iron, Rade- 




calabar bean, 


• 93i 


ergot, . . . 


906 


macher's, 


907 


calamus, 


. 891 


etherial, . 


952 


aconite 


882 


calendula, . 


. 891 


erigeron, 


94S 


etherial, . 


8S3 


calumba, 


. 892 


eucalyptus, 


948 


Fleming s, . 


883 


camphor comp 


Dund, 893 


euphorbium, . 


946 


leaves, 


883 


canella, . 


• 946 


ferrated extract 


E 


root 


8S2 


cannabis, Indi 


an, 893 


apples, 


90S 


actasa, .... 


899 


cantharides, 


• 894 


fleabane, . . 


948 


ailanthus, . . . 


946 


etherial, . 


• 952 


foxglove, . 


905 


alkanet, 


947 


capsicum, . 


• 894 


galangal, . 


947 


aloes alkaline, . 


948 


cardamom, 


• 895 


galbanum, . 


946 


comp., 380, 3S1 


, 884 


compound, 


. 896 


gelsemium, 


909 


and myrrh, . 


884 


carduus, 


• 947 


gentian, 


» 9 ID 


amber 


947 


cascarilla, . 


. 896 


ammoniated, 


950 


amber alkaline, 


94 S 


castor, . . 


• 897 


compound, . 


910 


ambergris. . 


946 


etherial, . 


• 952 


comp., improve 


d, 911 


ambrette, . 


947 


oil beans, 


• 948 


geranium, . 


946 


American hellebore 


. 943 


catechu, 


• 897 


ginger, . . . 


944 


ammonia comp., . 


948 


compound, 


• 897 


ginger, strong, 


945 


ammonio-chloride of 


catarrh root, 


• 947 


gold thread, 


940 


iron, .... 


949 


caulophyllum, 


• 947 


golden, . 


102S 


anchusa, 


947 


compound, 


• 949 


golden seal, . 


914 


anemone, . 


947 


chamomile, 


• 946 


gratiola. 


947 


angustura, . 


947 


chinoidin, . 


. 898 


green hellebore, 


944 


anthemis, . 


946 


chirata, 


. 898 


green soap, 


938 



INDEX. 



1 285 



Zinci acetas, . 


1015 


Zinci oxidum, 


1018 


Zincum 


1015 


carbonas, pra;cipi- 




phosphidum, . 


1018 


granulatum, . . 


1020 


tatus, . . . 


1016 


sulphas, . . 


1019 


Zingiber, rl. extract, 


460 


bromidum, . . 


1016 


sulphocarbolas, 


1019 


Zoedone 


871 


chloridum, . 


1017 


valerianas, . . 


1020 


Zugpflaster, . . . 


395 


iodidum, . . . 


1018 


Zinco-lead plaster, 


394 







INDEX. 



1279 



Tincture guaiac, 


911 


Tincture of opium 


Tincture of strych 




alkaline, . 


912 


camphorated, 


928 


Magendie's, 


• 951 


ammoniated, 


912 


compound, 62 


9.951 


sumbul, . . 


• 940 


Dewees', 


912 


deodorized, 929, 930 


sweet flag, 


. 891 


guaiacum wood, 


94S 


deod.. with nitre, 951 


orange peel, 


. 888 


guarana, 


947 


and ipecac, . 


950 


tamarac, 


• 730 


hemlock, . . 


904 


and saffron, 


929 


thuja, . . . 


• 947 


henbane, 


9' 5 


orange fruit, . 


888 


tolii 


• 940 


hops, . . . 


9U 


orris. 


94S 


turkey, corn, . 


• 948 


horse chestnut, 


946 


oxgall, . 


946 


Turneria, . 


■ 950 


Huxham's, 


901 


Pareira brava, 


946 


valerian, 


• 94i 


hydrastis, . 


9M 


pellitory, . . 


932 


ammoniated. 


• 942 


hydrastis, comp., 


950 


phenol-phthalein, 


5S4 


etherial, . 


• 942 


hyoscyamus, . 


915 


perchloride of iron, 908 


vanilla, . 


• 942 


ignatia, . . . 


915 


persionis, . 


247 


veratrum viride, 


• 943 


iodine, . 


9'5 


phosphorous comp., 951 


Norwood's, 


• 944 


iodine, colorless, 


521 


Phytolacca, 


948 


vittie vayr, 


• 947 


iodine, compound 


, 916 


pilocarpus, . . 


917 


Warburg's, 


• 951 


iodine, decolorizec 


I, 950 


pimpinel, . 


93i 


white pine, 95 


:, 1064 


iodine, etherial. 


952 


podophyllum, . 


932 


wild indigo, 


• 947 


iodoform, etherial 


, 952 


poke, 


948 


wormwood, 


. 881 


ipecac, . 


917 


poison oak, 


947 


yellow jasmin. 


. 909 


ipecac, compounc 


. 95o 


prickly elder, . 


947 


zedoaria, 


• 947 


ipecac and opium 


917 


Pulsatilla, . 


947 


compound, . 


• 952 


iris Florentina, 


94S 


pyrethrum, 


932 


Tinctures, 


. 880 


iris versicolor, 


947 


quassia, . . 


932 


etherial. 


• 952 


Indian cannabis, 


893 


quebracho, 


947 


fresh herbs, 


• 913 


Indian hemp, . 


893 


quillaya, 


94S 


green, . 


• 913 


jaborandi, . 


9H 


quinine, 


933 


homoeopathic, 


• 953 


jalap, 


918 


quinine, ammoni 




mother, . 


• 953 


jodi 


916 


ated, . . . 


933 


saturated, . 


• 913 


kino, . . . 


918 


red gum, 


948 


specific, . . 


• 913 


krameria, . . 


919 


rhatany, 


919 


unofficial, . . 


• 945 


lactucarium, 


946 


rhododendron, 


946 


to per cent.. 


• 945 


larch, 


919 


rhubarb. . . 


934 


15 per cent., 


• 946 


laurel, . . . 


946 


aqueous, 


934 


20 per cent. . 


• 947 


lavender, comp., 


919 


aromatic, 


935 


Tisanes, . . . 


• 956 


lemon, . 


920 


compound, . 


95' 


co, B. extracl 


176 


leptandra, . 


948 


and senna, . 


936 


oil, . . . 


• "53 


lobelia, . 


921 


spiced, . 


935 


ointment, . . 




compound, . 


950 


sweet, 


935 


Toilet preparations 


, 1131 


im, «omp 


M 950 


vinous, . 


93" 


powder, violet. 


. [i 36 


etherial, . . 92 


I. 952 


rhus toxicodendn 


n.947 


rose, . 


. 1 1 )6 


lupulin,. . . 


921 


ricinus, . 


94S 


soaps, . . . 


MM 


marigold, . 


89I 


rose 


948 


vinegars, . . 


. 1 l6l 


mastic, . . . 


948 


rosmaiy, 




waters, . 


. II02 


matico, . . 92 




lera, . . 


948 


■-. 


. 18] 


monesia, 


947 


saffron, . . 


<r 1 1 


loin balsam, 


l-l 


muriate of iron, 




sanguinaria, . 


937 


factitious, . 


[84 


musk, 




saponaria, . 


948 


fluid extra 


197 


musk seed, 


947 


savine, . 


937 


extracl liquid, 


■ 497 


myrrh, . 




scammony, 


948 


tract, soluble. 


■1-4 


myrrh and • 




senega, . . . 


939 


syrup, . 


820 


night blooo 




senna, . 




syrup from 




nutgall, . 




compound, . 




tincture, . . 


. 940 


nux vomica, 




serpentaria, 


939 


Toluene, . 


[90 


etherial, . . 




serpentary, 




1 oluidine, . . 


. 1 13 


oats, concentrate! 


. M Jw 


skunk cabl 


947 


1 ohlill, . . . 


. 604 


opium, . . . 




Bpruce gam, . 


730 


Tolu, rock .ml rye, 


11.).. 


acetated, 


927 


s<|iiill, . . . 


938 


rock, rye and re 


1 


ammoniated. 




staphisagria, . 


946 





. rxoo 


lated, . 




stillin-ia. . 


948 


1 





1280 



INDEX. 



Tongaline or tonga, 


1130 


Tree of heaven, fl. ext 


,468 


Trochisci, . . . 


959 


Tonic, beef and coca 


1118 


Trehalose, 


735 


acidi benzoici, 


960 


beef, coca and iron 


111S 


Triamides, 


142 


acidi tannici, . 


961 


bitter wine, 


1014 


Triamines, 


143 


ammonii chloridi, 


961 


dyspepsia, . 


1071 


Trichloraldehyd, 


234 


bismuthi, . 


961 


elixir, .... 


3S1 


Tricholmethane, 


237 


catechu, . . . 


961 


German, 


1118 


Tricopherus, 


"43 


cretse 


962 


ginger 


1118 


Trifolium partense, fl 




cubebie, . . . 


962 


health cordial, 


1038 


extract, . 


476 


ferri, 


962 


iron, .... 


IIIQ 


Trilliin 


733 


ferri, redacti, . . 


962 


malt 


612 


Trillium, fl. ext., . 


462 


glycyrrhizK et opii 


963 


malt hop, . . . 


612 


Trimethylamina, 


132 


ipecacuanha, . 


963 


nervine, . . . 


IO99 


Trimethylamine, 


132 


krameriee, . . . 


963 


system renovator, 


IO4O 


hydrochlorate, 


133 


sodii bicarbonatis, 


966 


vermifuge, . . . 


1122 


Trinitro-cellulin, 


722 


magnesia?, . 


964 


Tonics, hair, . 


IO83 


Triosteum perfoliatum, 


mentha; piperita?, 


964 


proprietary, 


IIl8 


fl. extract, . 


476 


morphinae, . 


964 


Tonka, essence, . 


418 


Trioxide of nitrogen, 


635 


et ipecacuanha, 


964 


extract 


418 


Triple extracts from 




opii 


965 


fl. extract, . 


46I 


pomades, . . 


"5i 


potassii. chloratis, 


965 


oil 


642 


phosphates syrup, 


847 


santonini, . . . 


965 


Tonqua ext. for per., 


"53 


Tripoli, .... 


1182 


zingiberis, . 


966 


Tooth-ache remedies, 


1120 


Tris-nitrate of bis- 




Trommer's test, . 


734 


cement, . . . 


"93 


muth, . . . 


197 


Tropical fruit, lax'tive 


1052 


cream, almond, . 


"37 


Tri-sulphide of arsenic, 1 79 


Trumpet creeper, fl. 




paste, charcoal, . 


1138 


Trityl, ... 85 


713 


extract, . 


476 


paste, cherry, . 


1138 


Triticum repens, fl. 




Tuberose ext., triple, 


1152 


for metal tubes, 


1138 


extract, . . . 


477 


Tucum oil, . . 642, 654 


paste, odontine, . 


1138 


Trituration of aconi- 




Tulip tree, fl. ext., . 


462 


paste, saponaceous 


1138 


tine, .... 


104 


Tully's wine and conium 


pastes, .... 


1138 


elaterin, . 


957 


mixture, . 


629 


powder, 


1138 


Triturates compress'd 


872 


powder, 


718 


camphorated, . 


1 139 


Trituratio elaterini," 


956 


Tungstate of sodium, 


967 


carbolic, . . . 


"39 


Triturationes, 


956 


Tungstates, . 


967 


cinchona, . . 


"39 


Triturations, general 




Tungsten, 


967 


quinine, . . . 


"39 


formula for, 


956 


Tungstic acid, 


967 


rose 


"39 


homoeopathic, 


957 


glue, .... 


967 


saponaceous, . 


"39 


Trix, . . . . 


435 


Turkey corn comp. 




powders, 


"38 


Troches, . . 871, 


95i 


syrup, 


827 


tablets 


"39 


bicarb, of sodi'm, 


966 


corn or pea, fl. ex- 




wash arnica, . 


"37 


bismuth, 


961 


tract, . 468 


487 


balsamic, 


"37 


catechu, 


961 


corn, tincture, 


948 


carbolated, . 


"37 


chalk 


962 


red, 


875 


oriental, . 


1136 


chlorate of potassi'm, 965 


Turlington's balsam, 


1035 


saponaceous, . 


1136 


chloride of ammon. 


961 


Turmeric, fl. ext., . 


461 


washes and cos's.. 


1136 


compressed, . . 


872 


paper, . 


232 


Tormentil, fl. ext., 469, 476 


cough, .... 


1068 


tincture, 


950 


Tormentilla, fl ext., 


476 


cubeb 


962 


Turneria, fl. extract, 


462 


Townsend's mixture, 


630 


ginger 


966 


wine, .... 


IOIO 


Tracing paper, . 


232 


ipecac, .... 


963 


Turner's cerate, . . 


223 


Tragacantha, 


727 


iron 


962 


Turnip, wild, fluid 




Tragacanth glycerite, 


5i8 


krameria, . 


963 


extract, . . 465 


487 


gum, .... 


727 


liquorice and opium 


963 


Turpentine, . 


662 


mucilage, . 


632 


magnesia, . 


964 


acetic acid linim't, 


546 


powder compound, 


719 


morphine, . 


964 


balsam, . . 182 


186 


Trailing arbutus, fl. 




morph. and ipecac, 


964 


Canada, . . . 


663 


extract, . 


474 


opium, .... 


965 


Chian, .... 


663 


Transfer varnish, 


1 192 


peppermint, 


964 


confection, . . 


259 


cement, 


"93 


reduced iron, . 


962 


emulsion, . . . 


407 


Transparent cement, 


1 164 


rhatany, 


963 


gum, . . . 182 


662 


soap, .... 


744 


santonin, . 


965 


Hungarian, 


663 


Treacle, .... 


874 


tannic acid, 


961 


liniment, . . . 


546 



INDEX. 



1281 



Turpentine oil, 


• 65t 


Unguentum, iodinii, 


982 


oil rectified, 


• 651 


iodoformi, . . . 


983 


ointment, . 


• 99° 


kalii jodata, . . 


986 


soap, . . 


• 744 


leniens, .... 


972 


"spirits," . 


. 651 


mezerei, 


983 


Strasbourg, 


651, 663 


paraffini, . . . 


984 


Venice, . 


651, 663 


petrolatum, 


969 


white pine, 


. 662 


picis liquidoe, . 


984 


Turpeth, minera 


, ■ 530 


plumbi, . . . 


9S4 


Tussilagino syru 


3, • 823 


acetatis, . . . 


984 


Tussilago, fl. extract, 476 


carbonatis, . 


9S5 


Twin leaf, fl. extract, 475 


iodidi, . . . 


9S5 


Type-metal, . 


• 156 


tannici, . 


9S6 






potassii iodidi, . 


986 






potassne sulphurate, 986 


U 




resinne, .... 
rosmarini composi- 


987 


Ulmus fulva, fl. 


act., 476 


tum, .... 


987 


Umbellaria, fl. e 


n., 476 


sabinre, . . . 


987 


Umbelliferone, 


• 729 


simplex, 


968 


Unguenta, 


■ 967 


staphisagrhe, . 


988 


Unguentum, . 


. 968 


stramonii, . . . 


988 


acidi borici, 


• 969 


sulphuris, . 


988 


carbolici, 


• 9 6 9 


alkalinum . 


989 


gallici, 


• 970 


iodidi, 


989 


salicylici, 


• 970 


tabaci 


9S9 


tannici, . 


• 97o 


tartari stibiati, 


97i 


aconitin.e, . 


■ 97i 


terebinthin.e, . 


990 


antimonii tarta 


rati, 971 


veratriniu, . 


990 


aquce rosae, 


• 971 


zinci oleati, 


991 


atropine. . 


■ 972 


oxidi, . . . 


991 


belladonse, . 


• 972 


Union salad oil, 


638 


benzoini, 


• 973 


Unicorn, fluid ex- 




calamine, 


• 974 


tract, . . 473 


,487 


cantharidis, 


• 974 


false 11. ext., 462 


487 


cereum, 


• 974 


Universal balm, . . 


186 


cerussae, 


• 985 


balsam, . 


186 


campb 


or'm, 985 


plaster 


386 


cetacei, . 


• 975 


Unofficial ointments, 


99i 


chrysarobini. 


• 975 


tinctures, [operct. 


945 


creasoti, . . 


• 975 


15 per cent., 


947 


diachylon, . . 


• 976 


20 per cent., 


947 


elemi, 


• 976 


Upper ten extract, . 


[I56 


eucalypti, . 


• 976 


Uranium, . . . 


<)')4 


fascum, . . 


• 992 


chlorides, . 


994 


galke, . . . 


• 977 


oxides, .... 


994 


cum opio, . 


• 977 


Urea 


994 


erini, . 


■ 977 


nitrate 


994 


plambi Bubace- 


Urechites suberecta, 




tatis, . . 


• 978 


Raid extract, 




bydrargyri, 


. 978 


1 Iretbral suppositories, 787 


allium, . 


■ 979 


1 He acid, .... 


OQ4 


ammoniati, . 


• <>:■> 


Ursina 


641 


compositum, 


■ <>:•> 


1 nil a dioica, fluid 




iodidi rubri, 




extract, . . . 


476 


nitratis, . . 


. .,-'i 


■ may. lis, fl. 




dilutium, . 


<j8 r 


extract, , 


476 


oxidi flavi, . 


■,-1 


Uva ursi, fluid rx- 




rubri. . . 




trad 


472 


rubrtun, . 


. 982 


1 'va ursi Infusion, . 




subchloridl, 


. 982 


Uvalaria, perfoliate. 




[odi 


. 982 


iluid extract, 


4'") 



Vaccinum crassifo- 

lium, fl. ext., . 476 

Vaginal suppositories, 788 

Valerian, abstract, . 49 

American, fl. ext., 460 

elixir 372 

extract, . . . 450 

fluid extract, . . 476 

infusion, . . . 538 

oil 651 

syrup, .... 824 
tincture, . . . 941 
tinct. ammoniated, 942 
etherial, . . . 942 
Valerianate of am- 
monium, . . 14S 
elixir, ... 373 
with chloral hy- 
drate elixir, . 373 
iron elixir, . . 374 
morphine elixir, 374 
quinine elixir, . 374 
strychnine elixir, 375 

amyl 151 

bismuth, . . . 197 

iron, . . . 511 

iron elixir, . 375 

morphine, . . 122 

morphine elixir, . 375. 

quinine, . . . 129. 

quinine elixir, . 375 

sodium, . . . 756- 

strychnine elixir, . 376 

zinc 1020- 

zinc elixir, . . }'<• 

Valerianic acid, . 56, 75 

Vallet's mass, . . 616 
\ anadateof ammon'm,i50< 
Vanadinate of amnion. ,995 

Vanadium, 995. 

hair dye, . . 1 14 1 

ink 99S 

Vanilla essence, . . 419 

extract. . . . 418 

extract concent rated, 420 

fortified, 420 

vanillin, . . . 995 

iluid extract, .419, 481 > 

f..r perfumes, . . 1 154 

plant, fl. extract, . 475 
syrup, . . - ) 1. §64 

tincture, 942 

tonka extract. . 4J.. 

Vanillin 99s 

di hydro, \ - 
anici. . . 

carbolic add, . 

chlori 996 

coninae 996 

loti, . . 996 



1282 



INDEX. 



Vapor iodi, 

menthol, 

nitrate of amyl, 

olei pini sylvestri; 

terebene, . 

thymol, . 
Vapors, . . . 
Vapores, . . . 
Varnish asphaltum 
black, 

balsam, China, 

balsam, Japan, 

carriage, 

copal, 

crystal, . . . 

demar, . . . 

furniture, . 

glass, 

label, . . . 



map, 

sealing wax, 

shellac, . 

spirit, 

transfer, 

wax, 
V T arnishes, 
Vaseline. . 

carbolized, . 
Vegetable alkali, 

drugs, . 

healing balsam, 

oils, .... 

preserving solution 

Velpeau's diarrhcea 

mixture, . 



67 



Venetian red, 
Venice turp. , . 

turp., factitious 
Veratria, . 
Veratrina. . 
Veratrin, . 
Veratrine, 

oleate, . 

ointment, 
Veratrum viride elixir 

album, fl. extract,. 

sabadilla, fl. ext., 



90 
996 
996 
996 
996 
996 
995 
995 

724 
182 
182 
1 193 
1 193 
1 193 
"93 
"93 
"93 
1 192 
"93 
"93 

IIQ2 
1 192 
II92 

"93 
1192 

, 934 

969 

98 

19 

1035 

642 

. 590 

629 



512 
651, 663 
663 
133 
133 
733 
133 
05b 
990 
376 
469 
462 



viride, fl. ext., 460, 4S7 



viride tincture, 
Verbascum thapsus 

fluid extract, 
Verbena essence, 

hastata, fl. ext., 

oil, .... 
Verdigris, . . . 

cerate, . . . . 

plaster, . 

ointment, . . 
Vermifuge, . 1123 

tea, . . . 

tonic, 

suppositories, 



943 

476 
1152 
476 
653 
265 
225 
394 
992 
1124 
1125 
1122 
790 



Vermilion, . . . 531 

Vervain, fluid ext., 476 

Veterinary liniment, 1098 

ointment, . . . 1106 

Viburnum, comp., 11 30 

dentatum, fl. ext., 476 

opulus, fl. ext., . 469 

prunifolium, fluid 

extract, . . 467, 487 

Viburnin, .... 733 

Vichy water, solution, 871 



Vienna draught 

paste, . . . 

yeast, . . . 
Vigor hair, . . 
Vin aromatique, . 
Vina, .... 
Vinegar, . 

aromatic, . . 5 

bitters, . 

bloodroot, . 

cantharides, 

colchicum, . 

digitalis, 

lobelia, . 

opium, . 

rouge, . 

squill, . . . 
Vinegarettes, 
Vinegars. . 

toilet, . . . 
Vinous tincture c 

rhubarb, 
Vinum album 

album fortius, 

aloes, . . . 

antimoniale, . 

antimonii, . 

aromaticum, . 

aurantii, . . 

camphoratum, 

Chinas, . 

colchici radicis, 

colchici seminis, 

ergotas, . 

ferri, . . . 

ferri amarum, . 

ferri citratis, . 

ipecacuanha?, . 

opii, . . ■ . . 

oporto, . 

pepsini, . 

quinine, .... 

rhei 

rubrum, . . 

stibiatum, . 

xericum, 
Viola tricolor, fl. ext 
Violet, 

black ink, . 

extract, . 

extract, triple, 



536 

"95 
49 3 

1081 

999 

997 

5i 

1161 

1043 
54 
52 
52 
53 
53 
53 

"33 
55 

1 160 
50 

1161 

936 
997 
997 
998 
999 
998 

999 
999 
1000 
1000 
1000 
1001 

IOOI 
IOOI 

1002 
1002 
1003 
1003 
997 
1004 
1004 
1005 
1005 

999 
1005 
476 
252 
1174 
1156 
1152 



Violet ink perfumed, 1173 
mouth water, . . 1140 

oil 654 

satchet, . . . .1159 
syrup, . . . 828, 864 
toilet powder, . .1136 
water, . . .1158 

Virgin oil, . . . 639 
scammony. . . 729 
Virginia creeper, fl. 

extract, . . 469, 473 
Visceral elixir, Boer- 
have's, . . . 380 
Hoffman's, . . 381 
Viscum album, fl. ext., 476 
Vitalized wine, . . 1012 
Vitrified antimony, . 160 
Vitriol elixir, . . 73 

oil, 781 

white, . . . 1015 

Vittie-vayr tincture, 947 
Vogler's acid elixir, 380 
Volatile liniment, . 543 
oils, ... . 642 

Volumetric test so- 
lutions, . . . 584 
Volumetric solution bi- 

chrom.of potas.,584 
hypophos. of sod., 585 
iodine, . . . 585 
nitrate of silver, 585 
oxalic acid, . . 585 
soda, . . . . 585 
Volumetric solutions, 584 
Vulnerary spirit, . 772 

w 

Wafer ash, fluid ex- 
tract, . . . 469, 4S7 
Wahoo bark, fluid 

extract, . .469, 487 

bitters 1038 

elixir 325 

extract 446 

Walnut oil, . . . 662 

hair oil, . . . 1142 

Walrus oil, . . 642 

Warburg's tincture, 951 

Warming plaster, . 389 

Warner's gout cordial, 936 

Wash, black, . . . 596 

Fuller's leg, . . 597 

hair, .... 1084 

yellow, .... 596 

Washing crystal or 

powder, . . .1170 

fluid, .... 1 169 

precipitates, . . 44 

Watchmaker's oil, . 639 

Water of ammonia, 143 

ammonia, stronger, 144 



1283 



468 



4 62 



Water of anise, . 
Apollinaris, 
barata, . . . 
bath percolation, 
bath percolator, 
bitter almond, 
camphor, . 
caraway, 
carbolic acid, . 
Carlsbad, . 
cherry laurel, . 
chloroform, 
chlorine, . . 2 
cologne, 
Congress, . 
creasote, 
cinnamon, . 

dill 

distilled. . . 
elder flower, 
eryngo, fl. ext., 
fennel, . . . 
fennel, fl. ext., 
Florida, . . 
Friedricshall. . 
glass, . . . 
Hunyadi Janos, 
Javelle, . . 56 
Ki^sc-ngen. 
lavender, . 
lead, . . 
lime, . . 
lime, stronger 
lithia, . . 
orange flower, 
pepper, fl. ext. ,46 
peppermint, 
pimento, 
plantain oil, 
potash, . 
proof blacking, 
proof glue, . 
Pullna, . . 

Pyrmont, . . 

rose, . . 

Seltzer, . . 

Spa 

spearmint, 
tar, .... 

Vi< hy, . 
violet, . 

wintergreen, . 
Watermelon seed.fl 
Waters, med 

by distillation, 

eye 

by Kltration or per 
eolation, . 

by solution, 

mouth, . 

other, . . 

toilet, . . 



40 



164 

B68 

18S 
,438 
41 
163 
i6 S 
r66 
165 
686 
16S 
166 
5. 552 
770 
868 
167 
166 
164 
167 
171 
.487 
167 
, 469 
1158 
869 
567 
869 
7, 558 
869 
1158 
5»4 
551 
397 
560 
164 
5.487 
169 
170 
654 
565 
11- 
ubs 
870 
870 
170 
870 
870 
i' 1 
169 

M-- 
168 

x-474 
l6l 
[6l 

1075 



Wax. bay, 
bottle, . 
Carnauba, 
earth, 
emulsion, 
gilding, 
Japan, , 
laundry, 
mineral, 
modeling, 
moustache, 
myrtle, . 
ointment, 
palm, fluid 
paraffin, 
plaster, . 
sealing, 
varnish, 
white, . 
yellow, . 

Waxed paper 

Waxes, 



216 
216 
4 o3 
216 
216 
IIS2 
216 
2l6 

"45 

215 
974 
extract, 468 
216 
394 
216 
"93 
215 
214 
232 
214 



767 



[62 

161 
II40 

'7' 
1 [62 



Weights and measures, 10 
Weingist, 
Weingeist verdiinnter, 92 
West India copal, 
Whale oil, 
soap, . 
Wheat whisky 
Whey, . . '. 

alum, 
Whisky, . . 

artificial, 

blends, . . 

bourbon, 

bourbon essence 

Irish, . . 

malt, . . 

rye, . . . 

rye essence, 

Scotch, . . 

wheat, . . 
White of egg, 

elixir, 

ink, . . . 

lead plaster, 

pine pitch, . 
syrup, comp 
tincture, 1064, 952 

turpentine, 662, 694 



Whiting, . 
Wickersheim's sol. 



724 
641 
743 
1189 
542 
138 
11 89 
11S9 
1 1 89 

1 189 
1189 

1 190 
1 190 
11S9 
1 1 90 

IIQO 

II89 

83 

367 

"77 
385 
694 

1064 



precipitate, 
ointment, 

root, fluid extract 
tract, . 

vitriol, . . . 

wax, 

wine, 

artificial, 
stronger, 
wines, . 
Whitewood, fl, ext. 



524 
979 
461 
[156 

M5 

997 

11-' 

ii- 
162 



206 
11S4 

Wickup, fl. ext., 474, 487 

Wiener trank, . . 536 

Wild cherry bitters, 439 

extract, . . 439 

elixir, . . . 376 

compound. . 37 S 

detannated, . 376 

ferrated, . . 377 

fcrriphosphat'd.377 

ferrophosphor- 

ated, . . 37S 

essence, . . . 434 

extract, distilled, 452 

fluid extract, . 478 

fl. ext. comp., . 4S5 

fl. ext., detannat, 481 

infusion, . . 535 

and iron wine, . 1013 

syrup, . .810, 853 

syrup, comp., . 1065 

tar cough syrup, 1064 

wine, . . . 1013 

Wild ginger, ext. for 

perfumes, . .1154 

oil 653 

olive, extract, . .1156 
indigo, . . 461, 487 
lettuce, fl. ext., . 475 
turnip, fl. ext., . 465 
violet, fl. ext., . 476 
yam, fl. ext., . . 461 
Willow black, fl. ext., 469 
herb, fl. ext., . . 474 
white, fl. ext., . 469 
Wine of aloes, . . 998 
antimony, . . 998 

antiscrobutic, . . 1014 
aromatic, . 999, 1006 

beef 1007 

beef anil iron. . 1007 
beef, iron and cin- 
chona, . . . 100S 
bitters, restorative, 1014 
calisaya, . . . 1008 
calisaya, iron and 

strychnine, . , toog 
camphor, . . . n*>o 
1 inchona, . 1000, 1008 
cinchona and iron. 1008 
1 inchona, iron and 
strychnine, . . 1009 

citrate ol iron, . 1002 

coca i 1 "", 

colchicUm seed, 1001 

colchicum root, . 1 

color jvj 

1 omfre] ip., , 1014 

cotton root, , toio 

damiana, . . . toio 

ergot ion 



1284 



Wine erythroxylon, 2009 
essences, or ext's, 1186 
gentian compound, 1014 
golden seal comp , 1014 
gossypium, . . 1010 
hellebore comp., 1014 

high 88 

ipecac, .... 1003 
iron, . . 1001, 1010 
iron, bitter, 1002, 

. . . . 1008, 1014 
iron and pepsin, 1012 
iron and wild ch'ry, 1013 
malt, . . . . 613 
oil of, heavy, . . 82 
opium, .... 1003 
orange, .... 999 
pancreatin, . . 1011 
pepsin, . . 104, ion 
pepsin and iron, 1012 
prepared, . . . 1006 
quinine, . . . 1004 
red, . ... 1005 

red, artificial, . .1186 
rhubarb, . . . 1005 
sherry, .... 1005 
spirit of. . . . 88 
spirit of, rectified, 88 

syrups 864 

tar 1012 

tonic, bitter, . . 1014 
Turneria, . . . ioro 
vitalized, . . . IOI2 
white, artificial, . 1186 
wild cherry, . . 1013 
wild cherry and 
iron, .... 1013 

Wines, . . 997, 1184 
artificial, . . . 1186 
of drugs, . . . 1014 
improvement of, . n 85 
and liquors, . . 1184 

red 1185 

white 1 185 

Wintera or Winter's 

bark, fl. extract, 462 

Wintergreeness., 415.767 
extract, soluble, . 425 
fluid extract, . . 474 

oil, 648 

syrup, . . . S64 
syrup soda water, 425 
water 168 

Witch-hazel ext. dis. , 452 
fluid extract, . 474, 478 

Witherite, ... 187 

Wizard balm, . . 1033 
liniment, . . . 1095 

Wolfram, .... 967 

Wolfratnium, . . 967 

Wood alcohol, 85, 86. 95 
anemone, fl. ext., 473 



Wood charcoal, . . 212 
Woodchuck oil, . . 641 
Wood naphtha, . 95, 772 

naphtha, Hastings, 772 

oil, .... 182, 663 

soot ointment, . 992 

spirit, .... 772 

tea 758 

Woods 22 

Wool fat, . . .641, 968 
Women's health re- 
storative, 
Working processes, 
Worm con. powder, 

killer, . . 

lozenges, . 

medicines, . 

powder, 
Wormseed oil, 

fluid extract, 
Worm syrup, 

syrup, standard, 

tablets, . . . 

tea, .... 
Wormwood essence, 

extract, . 

fluid extract, 

oil, . . . 

tincture, 
Writing fluid, 



4" 



1077 
24 
1058 
1122 
1 124 

1122 
721 
647 
, 462 
1123 
1123 
1124 
1125 
416 

443 
473 
653 
881 
1174 



Xanthoxylin, . 732, 733 
Xanthium strumari- 

um, fluid extract, 469 
spinosum, fl. ext., 469 
Xanthoxylum, bark, 

fluid extract, . 460 
berries, fl. ext., . 462 

Xylol 694 

Xylene 180 



Yam, wild, fl. ext., . 461 

Yarrow, fl. extract, 473 

oil 653 

Yeast 498 

Vienna, . . . 498 

Yellow coloring, . 248 

chrome, . . . 698 

dock, fl. ext., .472, 484 

dock syrup, comp., 829 
ink, . . . 1 1 73 

jasmine elixir, . 326 

jasmine, fl. ext., . 460 

jasmine tincture, . 909 

lemon, .... 698 

mercurial lotion, . 596 



Yellow mercuric oxide, 528 
oxide of mercury, 528 
parilla, fl. extract, 465 
root, fluid extract, 469 
soap, .... 742 
subsulphate of mer.,530 
wash, .... 596 

wax 214 

Yerba buena, fl. ext., 462 

mansa, fl. extract, 465 

reuma, fl. ext., 474, 487 

santa elixir, . . 378 

elixir, compound, 379 

fluid extract, 461, 4S7 

glycerite, comp., 522 

syrup, arom'c.829,830 

syrup, comp., . 829 

Ylang ylang essence, 1153 

extract, . .1155 

oil 653 

sachet, . . .1159 
Yolk of egg glycerite, 519 
Youth, bloom of, . n 33 



Zanthorrhiza, fl. ext. 

Zedoaria, or zedoary, 

fluid extract, 

tincture, 
Zedoary oil, . 

tincture, comp., . 
Zimmet syrup, . . 
Zinc, 

amyl 

bromide, 

carbonate, precip., 

chloride, . . . 
etherate, 



solution, 
cyanide, 

ethyl 

ferrocyanide, . 
granulated, . . 

iodide 

lactate, . . . ; 
methyl, .... 
ointment, . 
oleate, .... 

liquid, . . . 

ointment, . . 

oxide 

phosphide, 
potassium cyanide, 
salicylate, . 
sulphate, . . . 
sulphocarbo late, 
.... 782, 
tartrate, 
valerianate, 

elixir, 



469 

462 

947 

653 

952 

798 

1015 

102 1 

1016 

1016 

1017 

81 

568 

1020 

1021 

1021 

1020 

1018 

1021 

1021 

991 

659 

659 

991 

1018 

1018 

1021 

1021 

1019 

1019 
1021 
1020 
376 



^^m 




M 

in 



■ 



mm 



in 




■ 



m 



m/'j': 



